Providing Safe Drinking
Water In America
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2000 National Publii
/Vater Systems Compliance Report 2000National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2000 National
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National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2000 National Public
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2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2000 National Public
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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 305-R-02-001
July 2002
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Table of Contents
National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2000
Introduction 1
PWS Compliance 1
Findings 3
Data Quality 7
Enforcement and Compliance Assistance Programs 8
Information on and Evaluation of State Reports 9
State-by-State Summaries 9
Conclusions and Activities to Address Recommendations 9
National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2000
Introduction 13
Public Water Systems in Indian Country 13
Public Water Systems in Alaska and Oklahoma 13
Data Quality 13
Findings 13
Compliance Assistance and Enforcement 15
Financial Assistance 16
Conclusions and Recommendations 17
Appendix A
Glossary of Terms A-l
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports B-l
Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands C-l
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Table of Contents Page i July 2002
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List of Tables
Table 1: Number of Public Water Systems on Tribal Lands with Violations by Rule 16
Table A-l: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports A-4
Table A-2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2000 A-5
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States B-4
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National Summary of
Public Water Systems Compliance in 2000
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 2000 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state partners are meeting the goal of ensuring
that Americans receive safe drinking water from
public water systems. The report also discusses
the data we use to measure our success and the
progress we are making in our efforts to increase
its reliability and completeness.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report for every calendar year. The
report is an annual summary of violations at the
nation's public water systems. The report also
summarizes and evaluates annual reports
prepared by the states.1
Public Water Systems
A Public Water System (PWS) is a system for the
provision to the public of water for human
consumption through pipes or other constructed
conveyances, if such system has at least fifteen
service connections or regularly serves at least 25
individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public
water system can be one of three types:
Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
service connections or 25 people year-round in
their primary residences.
Non-transient Non-community Systems
(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same
persons over six months per year (e.g., schools
or factories that have their own water source).
Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
over six months per year (e.g., campgrounds or
highway rest stops that have their own water
source).
The first part of this report draws information
from the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs
national database, to provide a national picture
of the maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, significant monitoring and reporting,
significant consumer notification and variance or
exemption violations the states reported to EPA
for 2000. EPA aggregates all of these reported
violations at all public water systems in states,
commonwealths, territories and throughout
Indian country to present a national summary of
all violations, all monitoring and reporting
violations, and all violations of health-based
standards at the different kinds of public water
systems.
The second part of this report presents
information on public water systems throughout
Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A.
Summaries and evaluations of the states' annual
public water systems reports for 2000 are
presented in Appendix B.
PWS COMPLIANCE
This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the
national public water system compliance reports,
EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations
of primary drinking water regulations that
specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a public water system (Maximum
Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for
treating water to make it safe; and 3) monitoring
The term "state" includes 56 states, commonwealths, and territories. All but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have
federal approval to Implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. Federal approval to Implement the
drinking water program Is called primary enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 2000, EPA Implemented
the drinking water program In Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout Indian country and was responsible for
reporting the violations In these jurisdictions to SDWIS/FED. The Navajo Nation was approved for primacy and treatment as a
state In late 2000, and was not asked to prepare a report.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
Information Sent to Customers: Additional Information:
Consumer Confidence Report Every community
water system is required to produce a yearly report
identifying the contaminants detected in its water and
the risks of exposure to those contaminants. Large
systems are required to mail their customers the report.
While medium systems and small systems are required
to produce the report, these systems may obtain a
waiver from the mailing requirement. Very small
systems are only required to print the report in the local
newspaper.
Public Notification Rule Public water systems must
notify their customers if there has been a violation of
drinking water standards.
Information on the Internet:
Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) -
provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
protect sources of their drinking water.
and reporting requirements (how and when water
must be tested and the results reported).2 This
report introduces a fourth category of violations:
significant consumer notification violations. A
violation in this category indicates that a
community water system completely failed to
provide to its users a required report. In
calendar year 2000, this category depicts
significant violations of the new Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, which required
community water systems to produce their first
report in late 1999 and another report in mid-
2000. The information provided in the Consumer
Confidence Report will supplement public
notification that water systems must provide to
their customers upon discovering any violation of
a contaminant standard. It should not be the
primary notification of potential health risk
posed by drinking water, but will provide
customers with a snapshot of their drinking
water supply. Public Notification helps to ensure
that consumers will always know with immediate
notification if there is a problem with their
drinking water. These requirements have always
Call the community water system Billing statements
should provide a number to call with questions.
State Public Water Systems Compliance Report
Each state's annual report discusses the violations at its
public water systems. Most state reports include a list
of violating facilities.
National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
(this report) summarizes all reported violations at
America's public water systems.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) -
answers questions about drinking water, lets callers
order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA
experts if they need more information.
Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) -
allows the public to access EPA databases containing
information on environmental activities that may affect
air, water, and land anywhere in the United States.
been a part of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
As EPA reported in its Data Reliability Analysis
of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED) (EPA 816-
R-00-020, October 2000), the data in SDWIS/FED
are generally accurate. This is particularly true of
data related to the number of public water
systems, their size, and their type. However,
EPAs analysis revealed that many states did not
report some apparent violations either to their
own data systems or to EPAs SDWIS/FED.
Although states have corrected the data
omissions EPAs analysis discovered, EPA and the
states are engaged in further data quality efforts
to ensure that all violations are identified and
reported to SDWIS/FED. Because these ongoing
efforts will result in significant corrections and
additions to the data in SDWIS/FED, this 2000
report offers broad national findings rather than
detailed analysis.
Discussions of data quality concerns and EPAs
recommendations appear later in this report.
2 This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting violations. Table A-1 presents the definitions of significant for
the different drinking water regulations.
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FINDINGS
In 2000, 165,240 public water systems
together served 273 million users. The actual
number of individuals served was smaller,
because millions of Americans drank water
from, and were counted as users by more than
one public water system during the course of
the year.
Percentage of Systems by Type
Size vs. Users Served
94%
Transient Non-Community
n Community
n Non-Transient Non-Community
53,694 community water systems served
almost 253 million people in their primary
residences.
20,221 non-transient non-community
systems (schools, factories) served almost 7
million people in places they frequented.
91,325 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
constantly changing user base of almost 13
million people.
Most public water systems were small, but
large systems served a majority of the people
who drank water from a public water system.
94% of America's public water systems
(including nearly all of the transient non-
community systems), served 3,300 or fewer
users. Together, these 156,120 small systems
provided service to 15% of all users.
Small Systems Large Systems
Percentage of Systems
Percentage of Users Served
2% of America's public water systems served
more than 10,000 users. Together, these
3,812 large systems provided service to 75%
of all users.
SDWIS/FED recorded no significant violations
for most of America's public water systems.
75% of the public water systems in America
collected and tested the required samples
and filed the required reports (including
consumer confidence reports) without
reporting a violation.
PWS with Violations
No Violation
Violation of Some Kind
3 Because only 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because only
9% of the population is served by them, this report omits discussion of "medium" systems.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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The states reported either a health-based
violation or a significant monitoring and
reporting violation at approximately 42,000
public water systems in 2000.
About 22,500 (54%) of these systems were
non-community water systems, all but 65 of
which served fewer than 3,300 users.
Together, these violating small non-
community water systems served drinking
water to 3 million users.
91% of the approximately 19,000 community
water systems with a violation served fewer
than 3,300 users. Together, these violating
small community water systems served
drinking water to almost 7 million users.
Most Americans received drinking water from
public water systems that recorded no
significant violations in 2000.
Percentage of Users Served by PWS
without Reported Significant Violation
Users Served by System without Violation
Users Served by System with Violation
76% of the population served by public water
systems received drinking water from a
system that reported no violations of a
health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a
consumer confidence report, if required.
76% of the population served by community
water systems received drinking water from
a system that reported no violations of a
health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a
consumer confidence report as required.
The vast majority of the 97,321 violations the
states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2000 were
for a public water system's significant failure
to monitor and report, rather than health-
based MCL or treatment technique violations
detected and reported by a system.
Type of Violation
Monitoring and Reporting
Health-Based
CCR
If a system did not monitor the quality of its
water, it is impossible to know if it has
violated a health-based requirement. For this
reason, a system's significant failure to
monitor and report is a major violation that
must be addressed and corrected.
44% of the 75,206 significant monitoring and
reporting violations reported by the states
were violations of the monitoring and
reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes
of public water systems.
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Health-Based Violations and Illness
It is important to note that a public water system's
violation of a health-based standard does not mean
that the people who drank the system's water got
sick. A health-based violation means either that the
system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged
as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system
has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has
judged necessary to protect its users from an
unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the
regulated contaminant is present in source water.
Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting
from health-based violations, among them the
duration of the violation, whether or not the violation
occurred in an isolated section of a complex public
water system, and the extent to which contamination
exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment
systems have substantially reduced the incidence of
waterborne disease, drinking water contamination
remains a significant health risk management
challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there
were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination
in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000
cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et
al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water
systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness
were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium
outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an
estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994;
McDonald etal. 2001).
The number of waterborne disease outbreaks
identified and reported in the CDC database is
believed, however, to understate the actual incidence
of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and
Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997).
Recognized and reported waterborne disease
outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to
waterborne pathogens that cause acute
gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such
illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy
people, many individuals experiencing these
symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where
medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may
not be identified through routine testing.
Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a
community or, if recognized, are not traced to a
drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but
probably significant portion of waterborne disease is
endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an
outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to
recognize.
EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide
an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy
people, but also for populations that are at greater
risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive
subpopulations include children (especially the very
young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant
women, the disease impaired (e.g., diabetes, cystic
fibrosis), and a broad category of those with
compromised immune systems, such as AIDS
patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g.,
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised
persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
contract waterborme disease, the severity and
duration of their illness is often greater, and they are
at a greater risk of death.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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94% of America's public water systems
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2000.
PWS with No Health-Based Violations
Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations
The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
Percentage of Health-Based
Violations by Rule
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
I Percentage of Health-Based Violations
SDWIS/FED recorded 13,645 violations of
health-based standards in 2000. 70% of these
violations were violations of the MCL for the
Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be
met by all types and sizes of public water
systems.4
84% of community water systems complied
with the new Consumer Confidence Report
Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with
those contaminants.
In calendar year 2000, 8,470 community
water systems were found to have a
"significant" violation of the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
community water system completely failed to
provide the required report.
No violations of variances or exemptions were
reported to SDWIS/FED during 2000.
Under Federal law, states can grant variances
or exemptions to public water systems in
limited circumstances allowing them to install
alternative technology or giving them more
time to meet a standard if public health is
adequately protected in the interim. The
states did not report any violations of
variances and exemptions for the few public
water systems that were operating under a
variance or exemption in 2000.
EPA and its state partners continue to take
enforcement actions against violators.5
During 2000, the 54 states (a term that included
states, commonwealths, and territories) with
federal approval to implement the drinking water
For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical
contaminants (Chem) violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants
compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed
sample resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper
(LCR); and 4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in
drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes.
There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns
the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal
enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in
a single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one
reporting year are generally not initiated until early in the following year.
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2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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program were also responsible for initiating
enforcement actions in response to drinking
water violations at public water systems in their
jurisdictions. EPA implemented the drinking
water program in Wyoming, the District of
Columbia, and in Indian country, except for the
Navajo Nation beginning in late 2000. The Agency
initiated enforcement responses in these areas
and, occasionally, in the states sometimes at a
state's invitation. Together, EPA and the states
initiated over 3,000 formal enforcement actions,
each action potentially addressing multiple
violations.
In 2000, the states issued a total of 1,266
formal enforcement actions, including 557
administrative orders without penalty, 665
administrative orders with penalty, and 44
civil referrals to the states' Attorneys General.
During the same period, EPA issued a total of
1,924 formal enforcement actions, including
1,921 Federal administrative orders, one civil
case filed, one consent order with penalties,
and one referral for civil judicial action.
These totals do not take into account the
informal enforcement actions or the public water
systems that returned to compliance before EPA
and state procedures would require initiation of a
formal response.
Perhaps the most meaningful way to measure the
effectiveness of the EPA and state enforcement
partnership is to compare the number of new
significant noncompliers in 2000 to the number
of significant noncompliers that remained
unaddressed at the end of the year. EPA
designates a public water system a significant
noncomplier if the system has serious, frequent
or persistent violations that may pose a threat to
public health. States and EPA give significant
noncompliers priority attention in their efforts to
return violators to compliance and address
violations with enforcement actions.
In calendar year 2000, EPA designated 15,434
public water systems significant noncompliers.
Most (95%) of these significant noncompliers
served fewer than 3,300 users.
Between January 1 and December 31, 2000,
states and EPA addressed 6,447 significant
noncompliers; 6,063 (94%) of the significant
noncompliers that were new to 2000 and
384 from prior years.6 Only 157 of the new
significant noncompliers that remained
unaddressed at the end of 2000 served
10,000 or more users.
At the end of 2000, there were 7,459 new and
308 old significant violators that had not
been addressed. Fewer than 4% of these
unaddressed significant noncompliers served
3,300 or more users.
DATA QUALITY
The data used in this report came from EPAs
national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
composed of data that states are required to
submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. EPA uses
information in SDWIS/FED to assess progress in
the implementation of regulations, to develop
national enforcement and compliance priorities,
and to provide information to the public.
EPA periodically conducts data verifications
(independent, on-site audits) of state drinking
water programs to ensure that the state is
determining compliance in accordance with
Federal regulations. Data verifications help detect
differences between data in a state's files
(whether electronic or hard copy), and data in
SDWIS/FED.
As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
described in past National Public Water Systems
Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
data verifications conducted from 1996 through
1998. Those audits, which covered 27 states
(including one where EPA itself administers the
drinking water program) and one territory,
analyzed data from almost 1,800 public water
systems. The data audits reviewed inventory
information (identifying systems, their number,
their size, and their type), apparent violations
that either were reported or should have been
reported, and any enforcement actions initiated.
EPAs review showed that information the states
reported to SDWIS/FED is generally very
accurate. Most of the SDWIS/FED data problems
6 Public water systems designated significant noncompliers late in the year are typically addressed early in the next year.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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EPA identified were instances where required
data did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found
that a small percentage of this incompleteness is
because SDWIS/FED will accept only properly
transferred data. Most of the incompleteness
resulted from states not reporting all of the
apparent violations at their public water systems.
EPAs analysis of the data verifications found:
96% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was
accurate and complete.
The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations
data is moderately high (estimated at 68%)
for the Total Coliform Rule standard, but is
very low for other health-based standards
and for monitoring and reporting.
Most of the discrepancies between apparent
and reported violations are because of
unrecorded and unreported violations. This
accounts for 56% of all discrepancies related
to maximum contaminant level violations,
83% of discrepancies related to Surface Water
Treatment Rule treatment technique
violations, and 94% of all discrepancies
related to monitoring and reporting
violations.
Only 10% of apparent monitoring and
reporting violations had been reported to
SDWIS/FED.
55% of the apparent MCL violations had been
reported to SDWIS/FED.
SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete
information on 72% of the enforcement
actions found in the states' records.
EPAs review found that most of the discrepancies
seem to have resulted from a state's differing
interpretation of what a regulation required. EPA
found no information suggesting that unreported
violations resulted in negative health effects. The
states have submitted corrected information to
SDWIS/FED, and EPA and the states have worked
to address the violations discovered by this
analysis.
EPA continues to work with all of its state
partners to identify and resolve any problems
that may have produced data discrepancies in the
past, and to ensure that complete and accurate
documentation is available to help assess the
safety of our nation's drinking water.
In 2000, EPA continued to implement actions
under the draft 1998 National Infrastructure
Assurance Plan: Water Supply Section for the
purpose of improving the security of the critical
drinking water infrastructure. The Agency also
had in place a policy restricting the availability of
location data on PWS intakes and wells as a
counter-terrorism measure, and had begun a
public/private partnership with water utilities to
improve the security of our drinking water.
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
States and EPA engage in a variety of activities to
help public water systems remain in and return
to compliance, including formal enforcement
actions, informal actions, and compliance and
technical assistance. State and EPA compliance
assistance efforts may include:
conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys
at public water systems (i.e., an on-site
review of the water sources, facilities,
equipment, operations, and maintenance to
evaluate their adequacy in producing and
distributing safe drinking water);
helping systems invest in preventive
measures;
providing financial assistance for system
improvements through the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund and other State funding
programs;
reviewing water system plans and
specifications;
conducting training sessions;
holding public information meetings;
lending specialized monitoring equipment;
and
publishing informational bulletins and
newsletters on training events and other
educational opportunities.
When a drinking water violation is detected, EPA
guidelines require a response from the primacy
agency as a condition of funding. Acceptable
responses include a variety of formal and
informal actions as the state or EPA attempts to
return a violating public water system to
compliance as quickly as possible.
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Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
violations are informal actions, such as:
reminder letters;
warning letters;
notices of violation;
field visits; and
telephone calls.
If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
agency must initiate a formal enforcement
response that requires the violating public water
system to return to compliance. Formal
enforcement responses include:
citations;
administrative orders with or without
penalties;
civil referrals to state attorneys general or to
the Department of Justice;
other sanctions such as denying permission
for system expansion; and
filing criminal charges.
If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency
order that requires the public water system to
take the steps necessary to protect public health
and return the system to compliance.
INFORMATION ON AND
EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS
EPA reviewed each 2000 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the 1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B-l in
Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state:
submitted a report to EPA;
included all required elements;
satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
and distribute summaries of the report that
inform the public of the availability of the full
report;
identified the size and type of violating
systems;
discussed the compliance assistance and
enforcement activities the state undertook in
response to violations;
included a list of PWSs with MCL or
treatment technique violations, as EPA
recommended in its guidance to states on
preparing their reports;
provided information to the public on
availability of the reports; and
included additional information of interest to
the public, such as the number of public
water systems in the state, their sizes and
types, and background on the Safe Drinking
Water Act and its implementation.
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES
EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
information reported in each state report in
Appendix B. The standardized format includes
an overall summary of the violations data the
Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report
(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
technique violations, significant monitoring and
reporting violations, and variances and
exemptions). The summary for each state also
tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full
report.
In some instances, the data reported by a state in
July of 2000 may not agree with data currently in
SDWIS/FED. EPA's and the states' continual
efforts to ensure that the information in the
SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible
may have resulted in updates and corrections to
the data since the state published its report.
CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIVITIES TO
ADDRESS RECOMMENDATIONS
A large majority of Americans received water
from systems which reported no violations of
health-based standards, and for which the states
reported no significant violations of monitoring
and reporting requirements.
There are significant differences in the numbers
of violations reported in 1999 and 2000, most
notably a 14% overall increase in violations. Most
of this increase came from 8,470 significant
violations of the new Consumer Confidence
Report Rule. EPA does not expect to see many
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repeat violations of this rule in the years ahead
as public water systems become familiar with the
rule's requirements. The number of significant
violations of monitoring and reporting
requirements increased by almost 3,800 a 5%
increase in violations between 1999 and 2000. In
2000, America's public water systems detected
and reported 421 fewer violations of health-based
standards a 3% decrease from 1999.
The Total Coliform Rule remains the rule most
frequently violated. This rule, which applies to all
sizes and types of public water systems, was also
the most violated rule in 1996, 1997, 1998, and
1999. The 33,180 significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements of the
Total Coliform Rule represent 44% of all
significant monitoring and reporting violations
reported by states in 2000. The 9,589 violations
of the health-based standards for the Total
Coliform Rule represent 70% of all reported
violations of health-based standards in 2000. For
community water systems, the number of Total
Coliform Rule violations increased slightly from
1999. Health-based violations of the rule
increased 2%, while significant monitoring and
reporting violations increased 4%.
The following recommendations were
incorporated into EPA's enforcement and
compliance assurance program planning for
Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address violations ofMCL and
treatment technique requirements.
EPA designated compliance with the SDWA
microbial rules (the Total Coliform Rule and the
Surface Water Treatment Rule) as a national
priority for its enforcement and compliance
assurance program for Fiscal Years 2000 and
2001.
In 2000 and 2001, EPA Regions are working with
states to evaluate how well public water systems,
especially large systems, comply with the
microbial rules and whether enforcement actions
are being initiated when appropriate. Regions
and states are also identifying and evaluating
microbial risks to watersheds in an attempt to
focus enforcement and compliance efforts on
ensuring the safety of drinking water sources.
Considerable effort will also be devoted to
training and compliance assistance. EPA will
work to build the capacity of small public water
systems and Indian tribes to maintain
compliance both with established rules and with
new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule.
With respect to the rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
1996 and 1997 national public water system
reports:
EPA provides funding to support nine
technology assistance centers that help small
systems with training, technical assistance,
and technology demonstrations.
States and EPA help promote compliance
with existing drinking water requirements by
conducting numerous assistance activities,
such as on-site visits and the development
and distribution of easy-to-read guides and
checklists.
EPA funding established and maintains the
Local Government Environmental Assistance
Network (LGEAN), a source of free
information on current and developing SDWA
requirements (as well as technical assistance,
peer counseling, and financial guidance).
LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at
www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-
TO-LGEAN (865-4326).
States worked with EPA to ensure community
water systems sent consumers the first
Annual Consumer Confidence Reports in
2000, allowing the public to monitor the
performance of local water systems.
Revisions to the Public Notification Rule
mean that public water systems will send
their customers more timely notification of
drinking water violations.
EPA is developing a list of approved
compliance technologies that will encourage
small systems to use the existing flexibility in
the regulations in selecting treatment for
drinking water while still providing adequate
public health protection.
Page 10
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The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
actions against violating public water systems
both to discourage violations and to level the
playing field for systems that devote
resources to maintaining compliance.
EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders
should continue to work cooperatively to
improve the quality of compliance data.
Since September 1998, the findings and
recommendations of the national public water
systems reports have been incorporated into
EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
EPA noted that compliance data in many
individual state reports differed from the data
reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states,
and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
data quality goal should be "100% complete,
accurate, and timely data submitted by public
water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
led to establishment of interim milestones for
how soon that goal will be achieved.
EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders
made significant progress on most of the data
recommendations of the earlier national reports
in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:
improved the display of drinking water data
in Envirofacts;
characterized and quantified the data quality
problem;
taken interim steps to improve data quality,
including improvements to the data entry
tools states use to put information in
SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism
that enables water systems to confirm the
accuracy of data before it is accepted by
SDWIS/FED; and
made a long-term commitment to achieve and
maintain data quality goals.
More remains to be done to achieve the goal of
100% accurate, complete, and timely
information. Some of the next steps EPA, states,
and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed
to undertake include:
streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
complexity;
conducting more training to ensure regulatory
staff can accurately determine compliance
with drinking water rules and data entry staff
can upload complete and accurate data to
SDWIS/FED;
making SDWIS/FED error reports more user
friendly and understandable to state drinking
water managers;
encouraging states to issue annual reminders
to water systems of their compliance
monitoring schedules;
providing states with individual, prioritized
recommendations for improving their data
quality;
performing more frequent data verification
audits; and
calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data
quality every 3 years, or more frequently if
data from a sufficient number of data
verifications are available.
-------
-------
National Summary of Compliance for Public
Water Systems in Indian Country in 2000
INTRODUCTION
This section of the 2000 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
INDIAN COUNTRY
Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement responsibility (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 2000, only the Navajo Nation has received
primacy. For the purposes of this report, EPA,
therefore, administers the drinking water
program in the rest of Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by
this section appears in Appendix C.
This calendar year 2000 section also marks the
first inclusion of significant consumer notification
violations, as community water systems were
required to produce their first Consumer
Confidence Report in late 1999.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA
Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages
outside of Indian country are not included in this
section of the report; they can be found in the
Alaska state report. EPA is currently working
with other federal agencies to better assess the
location of Indian country parcels in Alaska.
Compliance figures for eighteen public water
systems in Indian country located in Oklahoma
tribes are not included in this section of the
report; they can be found in the Oklahoma state
report. The state report does not, however,
contain separate information on these public
water systems. As a result, separate information
on these systems is not covered in either the
tribal or state section of the report. EPA
continues to evaluate the appropriate place in the
report to include compliance figures on these
systems.
DATA QUALITY
This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.
This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses the
Agency's compliance assistance, enforcement,
and financial assistance programs. EPA plans to
continue its data quality efforts during 2001 to
ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and
accurate information. A complete discussion of
data quality is in the National Summary of Public
Water Systems Compliance in 2000 under the
section PWS Compliance.
FINDINGS
In 2000, 972 public water systems in Indian
country served approximately 581,612 users.
748 community water systems served more
than 468,219 people in their primary
residences.
88 non-transient non-community systems
(schools and factories) served more than
40,896 people in places they frequented.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
Page 13 July 2002
-------
136 transient non- community systems
(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served
more than 72,497 people who passed
through.
Percentage of Systems by Type
Community
D Transient Non-Community
Non-Transient Non-Community
Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water in Indian country.
97% of public water systems in Indian
country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These
943 small systems served 64% of the people
who received water from public water
systems in Indian country.
SDWIS/FED records no violations for most
public water systems in Indian country.
Systems with Violations
629 of 972 public water systems had no
reported health-based or significant reporting
violations.
94% of public water systems in Indian country
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2000.
99 health-based violations in Indian country
were reported to SDWIS/FED in 2000. The
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for the
Total Coliform Rule was the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
96%
lUU/o -
on°/ _
on°/ -
7n°/
OU/o
/in°/ -
oU/o
on°/ -
J. U /o
0% 0% ^
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
The vast majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2000 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than for a health-based MCL or
a treatment technique violation detected and
reported.
Of the 1,374 violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2000, 1,183 (86%) were
significant violations of monitoring and
reporting requirements. If a system did not
monitor the quality of its water, it is
impossible to know if it has violated health-
based requirements.
Public water systems in Indian country
represent 0.6% of all public water systems in
the United States but were responsible for
1.6% of all monitoring and reporting
violations at public water systems reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2000.
No Reported Violations
n Violations of Some Kind
July 2002 Page 14
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
-------
Type of Violation
Health-based
Monitoring and Reporting
nCCR
88% of community water systems in Indian
country complied with the new Consumer
Confidence Report Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with
those contaminants.
In calendar year 2000, 92 community water
systems in Indian country were found to have
a "significant" violation of the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
community water system completely failed to
provide the required report.
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT
EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.
EPAs tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.
EPA gives information and assistance directly to
tribal public water system operators, utility
managers, and owners through training sessions,
newsletters, telephone support, and system visits.
On-site technical assistance is provided by
engineers and qualified staff who work with
tribes to assess current compliance status,
develop monitoring schedules and compliance
plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA
coordinates many of these activities with other
federal agencies, including the Indian Health
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.
EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned
or -managed public water system's return to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy) and the
"Guidance on the Enforcement Principles
Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's
approach to bringing civil administrative or
judicial enforcement actions against systems
owned, operated, or managed by tribal
governments.
Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform some
or all of the required monitoring, a separate
monitoring and reporting violation is recorded
for each missed contaminant.
Table 1 shows the number of compliance
assistance and enforcement activities directed
toward public water systems in Indian country.
The information is drawn both from SDWIS/FED
and separate records maintained by some EPA
Regions. EPA Regions are only required to report
to SDWIS/FED on violations and formal
enforcement actions related to the resolution of
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
Page 15
July 2002
-------
TABLE 1: NUMBER OF PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS
ON TRIBAL LANDS WITH VIOLATIONS BY RULE
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS AND VIOLATIONS
Total Number of Public Water Systems
Total Number of Public Water Systems with Violations
Total Number of Violations
TOTAL NUMBER
972
343
1,374
COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY
Federal Administrative Order issued
Federal Compliance Achieved
Federal 1431 (Emergency) Order
Federal Voluntary Reminder Notice
Federal Compliance Meeting Conducted
Federal Technical Assistance Visit
Federal Site Visit (including sanitary surveys)
Federal Public Notification Requested
Federal Public Notification Issued
Federal Public Notification Received
Federal Boil Water Order
SDWIS/FED
4
80
1
122
1
0
1
45
1
42
0
SUPPLEMENTAL
REGIONAL DATA
0
0
0
330
450
450
0
0
0
0
40
violations of SDWA; these data are, however,
currently incomplete. Some EPA Regions
maintain separate records that contain
information on both formal and informal
enforcement actions and compliance assistance
activities.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
EPA provides financial assistance to public water
systems in Indian country to help build tribal
capacity to operate and maintain systems in
compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a
long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes
grants, training, and technical assistance as they
develop their environmental programs. EPAs
General Assistance Program builds tribal
capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and
establish environmental protection programs,
including drinking water programs.
EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking
water program priorities. EPA allotted
approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of
public water systems appropriations) for
implementing the Tribal Public Water System
Supervision Program in each of the last four
fiscal years fiscal year 1998, fiscal year 1999,
fiscal year 2000, and fiscal year 2001. Through
this program, EPA awarded a number of grants
to tribes and tribal organizations to address
various aspects of the drinking water program.
In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an
additional $3 to $4 million in each of the last
four fiscal years for drinking water needs on
Indian lands. EPA is focusing on activities such
as:
July 2002 Page 16
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
-------
Tribal Public Water System Supervision
Program primacy workshops to provide
general outreach material to all tribes eligible
to pursue primary enforcement
responsibility;
capacity development projects;
source water and wellhead protection
projects;
development of a voluntary operator
certification program for tribes; and
provision of operator training and
certification to tribal operators.
In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
infrastructure funding program was established
to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
appropriation for the national Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
American Indian communities and Alaska Native
Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997
appropriation amounted to $19.25 million.
Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million
in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year
1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; and
$12.347 million in fiscal year 2001.
Finally, technical assistance and training for
small tribally-owned or -operated public water
systems are also provided. For example, EPA
currently has three cooperative agreements with
the National Rural Water Association to provide
support to small public water systems, including
those owned or operated by tribes. Through the
cooperative agreements, small tribal public water
systems receive information on training and
technical assistance, wellhead and ground water
protection, and source water protection.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In 2000, EPA Regions reported that 35% of the
public water systems in Indian country reported
a violation of a health-based standard, a
significant monitoring and reporting violation, or
a significant consumer notification violation. This
represents an overall increase from 1999 when
24% of facilities reported a violation of a health-
based standard or a significant reporting
violation. A combination of factors contributed to
this increase in the number of systems with
violations in 2000. First, this report now includes
a significant number of violations for failure to
notify customers under the Consumer Confidence
Report Rule; this information did not appear in
previous reports. Second, public water systems
and EPA continued to address data quality issues
that have led to the identification of additional
systems with violations.
During 2000, there was a noticeable decrease in
the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
country from 2,392 in 1999 to 1,183 in 2000.
This decrease resulted from the fact that systems
determine compliance with many chemical
contaminants on a three-year cycle. Reports for
those contaminants were due in 1998, with the
result that monitoring and reporting violations in
that year increased dramatically. The 2000
reporting year was the middle of the three-year
reporting cycle, so monitoring and reporting
violations continued a decline that began in
1999, the first year of the cycle.1
EPA continues to implement two primary
recommendations from previous reports:
(1) improve collection and maintenance of
compliance data for public water systems in
Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:
continuing to work cooperatively with tribal
governments and their utility managers and
water system operators to improve
compliance with monitoring and reporting
requirements and with health-based
standards, particularly the Total Coliform
Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule;
increasing EPAs field presence, conducting
more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging
in targeted technical and compliance
assistance and enforcement;
improving the inventory of public water
systems in Indian country;
improving the collection and entry into
SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
information in a timely manner to avoid
keeping multiple records;
1 Systems must monitor for most chemical contaminants one time within a standard three-year compliance period.
-------
continuing to support and encourage capital
improvements for public water systems to
improve the infrastructure (and therefore
compliance with SDWA requirements) of
public water systems in Indian country,
including grants provided under the Drinking
Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement
Program; and
focusing on small system compliance issues
and the development of small system
capacity.
Ultimately, EPA will continue to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned, operated, or managed by
tribal governments in a manner consistent with
SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles. As such, EPA will
usually emphasize compliance assistance as the
first step in returning these systems to
compliance. Where compliance assistance is
ineffective and where, among other things, there
is a significant threat to human health or the
environment, EPA will take appropriate steps to
return systems to compliance, including formal
enforcement actions.
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2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country Page 19 July 2002
-------
Appendix A
Glossary of Terms
-------
-------
Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.
Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (other than lead and
copper), and radioactivity in drinking water.
Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).
Consumer Confidence Rule
Requires community water systems to prepare
and provide to their customers annual consumer
confidence reports on the quality of the water
delivered by the systems.
Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior, the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register. The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available
at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000).
Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.
Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.
Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.
Maximum Contaminant Level
The maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.
Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.
Nitrate and Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff and
sanitary wastewater discharges.
Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own
water source, such as a drinking water well.
Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as
solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water
through a variety of means, including factory
discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has
established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.
Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
show, among other things, that it has adopted
Page A-l
July 2002
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drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.
In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to include
Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
2000, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for
the Navajo Nation in late 2000.
Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons; and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.
Public Water System
A system for the provision to the public of water
for human consumption through pipes or other
constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least fifteen service connections or regularly
serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out
of the year. A public water system can be either a
community water system, a non-transient non-
community water system, or a transient non-
community water system.
Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha, and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally
in water or may result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters,
alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.
Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
institutions, and other private groups to ensure
that Regional needs are addressed and that
Federal environmental laws are upheld.
Small Systems
Public water systems that serve no more than
3,300 people.
Surface Water Treatment Rule
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
requires a public water system served by surface
water or by ground water under the influence of
surface water to take steps (such as disinfection,
filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed
control) to reduce potential exposure to
microbiological contamination.
Total Coliform Rule
Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
which are found in decaying organic material and
in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
usually not harmful to human health, their
presence may indicate the presence of other,
more dangerous microbial contamination.
SDWIS/FED
EPAs database for collecting safe drinking water
monitoring results from oversight agencies.
SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
Information System. Public Water Systems are
required to report all monitoring results to the
primary enforcement authority. States with
primacy, or EPA where it administers the
program, analyze the monitoring results,
determine compliance, and report violations to
EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
records only violations, not results that
demonstrate compliance with drinking water
standards.
Total Trihalomethanes
These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
processes used to disinfect drinking water.
Transient Non-community Water System
A non-community water system that regularly
serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25)
over six months per year. A typical example is a
campground or a highway rest stop that has its
own water source, such as a drinking water well.
Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
-------
an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.
Variances and Exemptions
A public water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system. An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
Page A-3 « July 2002
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TABLE A-1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR
ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
Phase I, II, MB,
c and V Rules
h Total
Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major
(unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead
and copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples collected
after a positive total coliform
sample or no speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the initial
tap samples, and then failed to
correct that omission within a) 3
months for large systems, b) 6
months for medium systems, or
c) 12 months for small systems;
or failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS
Contaminant Code
3100
3100
None
None
By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100,
4010
1 EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
2 Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected.
July 2002 Page A-4
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
-------
TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2000
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
(TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
Nitrate and Nitrite
Radionuclides
Total Coliform
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper
Community
Water Systems
All
Some
(Only systems serving more
than 10,000)
All
All
All
All
Some
(Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water)
All
Non-transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All
None
Some
(All except arsenic
and fluoride)
All
None
All
Some
(Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water)
All
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
Some
(Only epichlorohydrin
and acrylamide)
None
None
All
None
All
Some
(Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water)
None
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
Page A-5 July 2002
-------
-------
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual
Compliance Reports
-------
-------
CONTENTS
Alabama B-7
Alaska B-8
American Samoa B-9
Arizona B-10
Arkansas B-l 1
California B-12
Colorado B-13
Connecticut B-14
Delaware B-l 5
District of Columbia B-16
Florida B-l 7
Georgia B-18
Guam B-19
Hawaii B-20
Idaho B-21
Illinois B-22
Indiana B-23
Iowa B-24
Kansas B-25
Kentucky B-26
Louisiana B-27
Maine B-28
Maryland B-29
Massachusetts B-30
Michigan B-31
Minnesota B-32
Mississippi B-33
Missouri B-34
Montana B-35
Nebraska B-36
Nevada B-37
New Hampshire B-38
New Jersey B-39
New Mexico B-40
New York B-41
North Carolina B-42
North Dakota B-43
Northern Mariana Islands B-44
Ohio B-45
Oklahoma B-46
Oregon B-47
Pennsylvania B-48
Puerto Rico B-49
Rhode Island B-50
South Carolina B-51
South Dakota B-52
Tennessee B-53
Texas B-54
Utah B-55
Vermont B-56
Virgin Islands B-57
Virginia B-58
Washington B-59
West Virginia B-60
Wisconsin B-61
Wyoming B-62
Page B-l
-------
-------
This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, Consumer Confidence Report
violations, and variances and exemptions).
This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors
must be taken into account before drawing conclusions
about a State program. For example, public water systems
are required to report all violations to the State, but State
drinking water programs vary in the regulations they
choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus
attention and resources on one particular rule may have
discovered and reported many more violations of that rule
than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A
disproportionate number of violations in a State could also
indicate that the State needs to work with its public water
systems to improve their compliance.
Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided
in the State summaries within the context of each State
and its individual drinking water program.
In 2000, EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 46 of the 54 primacy
states, Commonwealths, and Territories. As in
past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands did not submit
reports, and, with limited exceptions, did not
supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not
receive a report from Arizona, California,
Massachusetts, New Mexico, and the Virgin
Islands. Appendix B supplies what information is
available in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at
public water systems in the Pacific territories.
Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and
Indian Tribes did not have primary enforcement
responsibility for drinking water in calendar year
2000, EPA prepared reports for those
jurisdictions. The Navajo Nation took primary
enforcement responsibility in late 2000, but EPA
did not ask the tribe to produce a report.
Violations for 2000
EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment
technique, and significant monitoring and
reporting violations1 reported by each state in
five categories:
Violations of chemical contaminant
requirements2
Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule
Violations of the Consumer Confidence
Report Rule.
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
five categories, as reported by the state.
If a state's report did not include information in a
category, EPAs summary notes the omission.
2000 Totals
EPA also summarizes the total number of
systems in each state, the total number of
violations reported, and the total number of
PWSs in violation, if the state reported this
information.
Systems in Violation
Systems in Violation is defined as the number of
different systems with a reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system. Other states counted a
violating system each time it had a violation, or
once for each of the regulatory categories in
which it had a violation. If EPAs review of a
state's report indicated some violating systems
were counted more than once, an asterisk notes
that the state's number possibly overcounts
violating systems.
Variances and Exemptions
There were no reported violations of variances
and exemptions in 2000.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual
Public Water Systems Report
If a state's report includes information on how to
obtain a copy of the report, that information is
provided on the state summary page in this
Appendix.
1 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
2 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and
radionuclide contaminants.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-3 July 2002
-------
TABLE B-1: SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS REPORTED BY STATES
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Submitted
Report
X
X
CCR
X
Reported on
Violations
Categories
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
Identified Each
System with MCL
and TT Violations
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information^
X
X
Did not submit report.
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
July 2002 Page B-4
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
TABLE B-1: SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS REPORTED BY STATES (continued)
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana
Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsi n
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported on
Violations
Categories
CCR
X
X
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
Identified Each
System with MCL
and TT Violations
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information *
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-5 July 2002
-------
-------
State of Alabama 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
719
NR
514
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEM
Drinking Water Branch
R 0. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL
36130-1463
Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html
E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-7 July 2002
-------
State of Alaska 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,576
1,009
6,455
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
AD EC
DW/WW Program
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm
Telephone: (907) 269-7647
July 2002 Page B-8
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
American Samoa 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
22
NR
14
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-9 July 2002
-------
State of Arizona 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,701
NR
2,295
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona State did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
July 2002 Page B-10
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Arkansas 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,160**
NR
583
**The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Arkansas Department of Health
Division of Engineering
4815 West Markham Street
Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032
Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/
Telephone: (501) 661-2623
Fax: (501) 661-2032
E-mail: scorder@mail.doh.state.ar.us
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
PageB-11 July 2002
-------
State of California 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,146
NR
4,296
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
California did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
July 2002 Page B-12
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Colorado 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,100
NR
665
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-13 July 2002
-------
State of Connecticut 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
-3,900
NR
1,556
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Connecticut's State Report is available at the public libraries or by contacting:
Water Supplies Section
Department of Public Health
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT
Telephone: (860) 509-7333
July 2002 Page B-14
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Delaware 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
611
79**
63
The text of the state report gives this number of systems in violation, but this exceeds the number of violations in the report.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-15 July 2002
-------
District of Columbia 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2
0
0
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
District of Columbia's Report is available by accessing the district's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)
U.S. EPA Region III
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm
Telephone: (215)814-5781
FAX: (215) 814-2318
E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov
July 2002 Page B-16
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Florida 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
-7,000
NR
2,245
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/Wf/dw/deault.htm
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-17 July 2002
-------
State of Georgia 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
1,961
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Georgia's State Report is available by contacting:
Doug Davenport
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Drinking Water Program
Information Management Unit
205 Butler St., SE Suite 1362
Atlanta, GA 30334
Telehone: (404) 651-5162
July 2002 Page B-18
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Guam 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12
NR
2
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-19 July 2002
-------
State of Hawaii 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
132
9
48
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting:
Hawaii Department of Health
Safe Drinking Water Branch
Environmental Management Division
919 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 308
Honolulu, HI 96814-4920
Telephone: (808) 586-4258
July 2002 Page B-20
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Idaho 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,077
573*
1,147*
* The state was not able to report violations due to the changeover from the state's DWIMS database to SDWIS.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Web Site: http://www2.state.id.us/deq/water/acr.htm
DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments
North Idaho
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
(208) 769-1422
North Central Idaho
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-4370
South Central Idaho
Twin Falls Regional Office
601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208) 736-2190
Southeast Idaho
Pocatello Regional Office
224 South Arthur
Pocatello, ID 83204
(208) 236-6160
Southwest Idaho
Boise Regional Office
1445 North Orchard
Boise, ID 83706-2239
(208) 373-0550
Eastern Idaho
Idaho Falls Regional Office
900 N. Skyline, Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 528-2650
Health District 1
Panhandle Health District Dept.
322 Marion
Sand point, ID 83864
(208) 265-6384
Health District 2
North Central District Dept.
215 10th Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-0353
Health District 3
Southwest District Health Dept.
920 Main Street
Caldwell, ID 83605
(208) 455-5403
Health District 4
Central District Health Dept.
707 North Armstrong Place
Boise, ID 83704
(208) 327-7499
Health District 5
South Central District Health Dept.
1020 Washington Street North
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208) 734-5900. Ext. 217
Health District 6
Southeastern District Health Dept.
1901 Alvin Ricken Drive
Pocatello, ID 83201-2727
(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320
Health District 7
District Seven Health Dept.
254 "E" Street
Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597
(208) 523-5382
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-21 July 2002
-------
State of Illinois 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,855
400
1,532
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Michael Crumly
Chemical Sub-Unit Manager
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
1021 North Grand, RO. Box 19276
Springfield, Illinois 62794-9276
(217) 785-0561
July 2002 Page B-22
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Indiana 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,211
2,077
4,382
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or contacting:
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Office of Water Management
Drinking Water Branch
Web Site: http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html
Telephone: (317)308-3280
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-23 July 2002
-------
State of Iowa 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,995
NR
1,662
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa's State Report is available by contacting:
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
401 SW 7th Street, Suite M
Des Moines, IA 50309-4611
Attention: Charlotte Lafargue Henderson, Environmental Specialist Senior
Telephone: (515) 725-0341
E-mail: charlotte.henderson@dnr.state.ia.us
July 2002 Page B-24
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Kansas 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,098
165***
601
May not include systems violating Consumer Confidence Report Rule.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kansas' State Report is available by contacting:
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Water
1000 SW Jackson Suite 420
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
Telephone: (785) 296-5514
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-25 July 2002
-------
State of Kentucky 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
656
302
633
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kentucky Division of Water
Drinking Water Branch
14 Reilly Road
Ash Building
Frankfort, KY 40601
Web Site: http://water.nr.state.ky.us/dw/
Telephone: (502) 564-3410
July 2002 Page B-26
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Louisiana 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
-1,850
148
197*
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Louisiana's State Report is available by contacting:
State of Louisiana
Department of Health and Hospitals
Office of Public Health
Engineering Services
6867 Bluebonnet
Suite 222
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
Telephone: (225) 765-5038
Fax: (225) 765-5040
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-27 July 2002
-------
State of Maine 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule*
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Includes only violations of Phase II and V.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
1,584
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
July 2002 Page B-28
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Maryland 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,827
NR
764
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nancy Reilman
MDE
Water Supply Program
Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us
Telephone: (410) 631-3729
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-29 July 2002
-------
State of Massachusetts 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,636
NR
733
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
July 2002 Page B-30
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Michigan 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12,368
2,481
3,776
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Michigan's State Report is available by contacting:
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Drinking Water and Radiological Protection Division
RO. Box 30630
Lansing, Ml 48909-8130
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-31 July 2002
-------
State of Minnesota 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,300
418
491
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Minnesota's State Report is available by contacting:
Drinking Water Protection Section
Division of Environmental Health
Minnesota Department of Health
121 East Seventh Place RO. Box G4975
St. Paul, MN
55164-0975
Telephone: (651) 251-0770
Fax: (651) 257-0775
July 2002 Page B-32
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Mississippi 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,401
NR
189
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-33 July 2002
-------
State of Missouri 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,762
NR
2,337
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Public Drinking Water Program
RO. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/deq/pdwp
Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331
July 2002 Page B-34
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Montana 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,028
NR
2,553
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Montana's State Report is available by contacting:
Public Water Supply Section
Community Services Bureau
Permitting & Compliance Division
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
RO. Box 200901
Helena, MT 59620-0901
Telephone: (406) 444-4400
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-35 July 2002
-------
State of Nebraska 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,325
360
737
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services
Regulation and Licensure
301 Centennial Mall South
RO. Box 95007
Lincoln, NE 68509
Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
Telephone: (402) 471-2541
Fax: (402) 471-6436
TDD: (402) 471-9570
July 2002 Page B-36
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Nevada 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
1,131
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nevada's State Report is available at the County Libraries or Nevada State Health Division office in those counties
that do not have a library.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-37 July 2002
-------
State of New Hampshire 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,199
NR
1,325
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau
6 Hazen Drive
RO. Box 95
Concord, NH 03301
Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb
Telephone: Laurie Cullerot (603) 271-2954
E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us
July 2002 Page B-38
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of New Jersey 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,249
NR
13,108
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey's State Report is available at the public libraries and county and local health offices or by accessing the
state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2000.doc
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-39 July 2002
-------
State of New Mexico 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,248
NR
811
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Mexico did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
July 2002 Page B-40
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of New York 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,335
NR
1,093
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State Report is available by contacting:
BPWSP-NYSDOH
547 River St., Room 400
Troy, NY 12180-2216
Telephone: inside state (800) 458-1158 ext. 27650
outside state (518) 402-7650
E-mail: bpwsp@health.state.ny.us.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-41 July 2002
-------
State of North Carolina 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,538
4,476
11,225*
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State Report is available by contacting the North Carolina Public Water Supply section web site or
by telephone.
Web Site: www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws
Telephone: EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791
July 2002 Page B-42
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of North Dakota 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
562
121*
199*
* Includes Minor Monitoring Violations.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting:
North Dakota Department of Health
Division of Municipal Facilities
RO. Box 5520
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson
Telephone: (701) 328-5293
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-43 July 2002
-------
Northern Mariana Islands 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
43
NR
0
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
July 2002 Page B-44
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Ohio 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,757
2,045
7,820*
* Total violations in report (7,820) differs from the calculated total (8,045). Surface Water Treatment Rule Treatment Technique violations may
not be included in the reported total.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
PWS Annual Compliance Report
Ohio EPA DDAGW
RO. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
Telephone: Rick Magni or Beth Messer (614) 644-2752
Local Ohio EPA District Office in your region:
Scot Foltz
Ohio EPA
Central District Office
3232 Alum Creek Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43207
(614) 728-3778
Doug Scharp
Ohio EPA
Northwest District Office
347 N. Dunbridge Road
Bowling Green, Ohio 43402
(419) 352-8461
Janet Barth
Ohio EPA
Southeast District Office
2195 Front Street
Logan, Ohio 43138
(740) 385-8501
Nancy Rice
Ohio EPA
Northeast District Office
2110 E. Aurora Road
Twinsburg, Ohio 44087
(330) 963-1200
Steve Severyn
Ohio EPA
Southwest District Office
401 East 5TH Street
Dayton, Ohio 45402
(937) 285-6357
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-45 July 2002
-------
State of Oklahoma 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,736
NR
506
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oklahoma's State Report is available by contacting:
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor
707 N. Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
July 2002 Page B-46
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Oregon 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,695
1,485
3,407*
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Oregon Health Division
800 NE Oregon St.
Portland, OR 97232
Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp
The complete report will be published in the newsletter "The Pipeline" in the Summer of 2001.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-47 July 2002
-------
State of Pennsylvania 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,395
2,189*
10,328*
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here. These counts may not include Consumer Confidence Report violations.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management
RO. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467
Telephone: (717) 787-5017
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us
July 2002 Page B-48
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Puerto Rico 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
6,070
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting:
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
National Plaza 431 Floor 9 Office 903
Ponce De Leon Avenue
Hato Rey, PR 00917
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
PO Box 70184
Rio Piedras, PR 00936
Telephone: (787) 777-0150
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-49
July 2002
-------
State of Rhode Island 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
484
29*
38*
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
July 2002 Page B-50
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of South Carolina 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,569
255
406*
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
SCDHEC's Bureau of Water
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water
Telephone: Mr. Bruce Bleau with SCDHEC's Bureau of Water at (803) 898-4154
SCDHEC's Freedom of Information Office at (803) 898-3880
Fax: (803) 898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@columb32.dhec.state.se.us
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-51 July 2002
-------
State of South Dakota 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in Table 1 and Table 2. Counts from Table 1 are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
720
NR
895
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
July 2002 Page B-52
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Tennessee 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,171
NR
776
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Division of Water Supply - Central Office
401 Church Street
6th Floor, L&C Tower
Nashville, TN 37243-1549
Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html
Telephone: (615) 532-0191
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-53 July 2002
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State of Texas 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** Monitoring is conducted by state employees or their agents.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,672
NR
1,122
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
July 2002 Page B-54
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Utah 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
3,578
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-55 July 2002
-------
State of Vermont 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,359
NR
606
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Vermont's State Report is available by contacting:
State Water Supply Division
103 South Main St.
Waterbury, VT 05671-0403
Telephone: inside state (800) 823-6500
outside state (802) 241-3400
July 2002 Page B-56
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Virgin Islands 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
463
NR
219
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virgin Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-57 July 2002
-------
State of Virginia 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,759
449
1,541
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Office of Water Programs
Abingdon Field Office-Field 1
East Main St.
Abingdon, VA 24210
Web Site: http://www.vdh.state.va.us
Telephone: (540) 676-5650
July 2002 Page B-58
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Washington 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,262
2,224
3,746
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Washington's State Report is available by contacting:
Department of Health
Division of Drinking Water
RO. Box 47822
Olympia, Washington 98504-7822
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-59
July 2002
-------
State of West Virginia 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,373
667
4,349
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting the EPA's Safe Drinking
Water Hotline.
Web Site: http:/www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/reports.htm
Telephone: Hotline (800) 426-4791
July 2002 Page B-60
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Wisconsin 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,659
3,006*
7,065
Total systems in violation does not include systems violating CCR.
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting:
Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater
State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
RO. Box 7921
Madison, Wl 53707
Telephone: (608) 266-6669
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-61 July 2002
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State of Wyoming 2000 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2000
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
745
NR
666
Where to Obtain the 2000 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
No information is available on where to obtain the state report.
July 2002 Page B-62
2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands
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2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix C
Page C-l July 2002
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