vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (5102G)
EPA 542-F-11-008
June 2011
Green Remediation Best Management Practices:
Sites with Leaking Underground Storage Tank Systems
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
Quick Reference Fact Sheet
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Principles
for Greener Cleanups outline the Agency's policy for
evaluating and minimizing the environmental "footprint" of
activities undertaken when cleaning up a contaminated
site.1 Use of the best management practices (BMPs)
identified in EPA's series of green remediation fact sheets
can help project managers and other stakeholders apply
the principles on a routine basis, while maintaining the
cleanup objectives, ensuring protectiveness of a remedy,
and improving its environmental outcome.2
Overview
Almost 495,000 releases of petroleum from federally
regulated underground storage tanks (USTs) have been
reported to EPA as of September 2010. Of these, over
93,000 LIST site cleanups remain. The Association of State
and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials
(ASTSWMO) estimates that cleaning up LIST system
releases costs the states approximately $700 million each
year,3 in addition to federal expenditures under the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust fund and costs
paid by responsible parties.
State agencies maintain responsibility to implement and
oversee corrective actions at UST sites, with the exception
of federal authority for UST site cleanup in Indian country.
The majority of these actions involve UST systems for
petroleum fuel rather than chemicals containing hazardous
substances and most involve retail fueling stations.
Common contaminants associated with fuel releases
include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)
and sometimes other chemicals of concern such as methyl
ferf-butyl ether (MTBE), ethanol, or lead scavengers
(ethylene dibromide and 1,2-dichloroethane).
Releases of petroleum, used oil, or chemicals can result
from problems such as corrosion of the tank or attached
pipes, structural failure, or faulty installation. In addition to
the tank, components of an UST system include connected
underground piping, underground ancillary equipment,
and the containment system, if any.
An UST clean up that involves excavating 5,000 cubic feet of
soil and operating a soil vapor extraction system over three
years for deeper soil could emit 190 tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent, approximately the same amount emitted through
electricity consumption of 21 homes over one year.
Energy
Core Elements of Green Remediation
Reducing total energy use and increasing the percentage
of energy from renewable resources
Reducing air pollutants and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Reducing water use and negative
impacts on water resources
Improving materials management
and waste reduction efforts, and
Protecting ecosystem services during cleanup
Mali
& Waste
LandB
Ecosystems
Air&
Atmosphere
Use of green remediation BMPs to remediate these sites
can help minimize the environmental footprint of cleanup
activities and improve corrective action outcomes. The
practices for UST cleanups are intended to complement
rather than replace federal requirements for corrective
actions (40 CFR Part 280, subpart F). The practices also
may enhance state-administered UST programs, which
have state-specific corrective action requirements.
"All cleanup approaches, and all elements of the cleanup
process, can he optimized to enhance their overall
environmental outcome; therefore, green remediation involves
more than merely adopting a specific technology or
technique." EPA Principles for Greener Cleanups1
Many green remediation BMPs are standard operating
procedures that are borrowed from the construction,
industrial, and other business sectors working to reduce
their environmental footprint. Some involve little or no
additional cost while others may involve initial expenditures
that can be recovered over the life of a cleanup project.
EPA recognizes that project management discretion is
involved when comparing the technical feasibility as well as
the cost of implementing some BMPs at a given site.
Applicability of each BMP may also differ due to variability
in site conditions such as the type of stored liquid, UST
system size, or anticipated site reuse.
EPA encourages UST cleanup project managers to procure
services from contractors, environmental or engineering
consultants, and laboratories demonstrating a commitment
to the core elements of green remediation. Opportunities
to reduce the environmental footprint of cleanup are found
during each major phase of activity:
> Characterizing the site
> Removing or replacing a tanks/stem, and
> Remediating contaminated environmental media.
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Characterizing the Site
Integrating green remediation ("greener cleanup") BMPs
early during the initial response, investigative, and project
design phases can help reduce the cumulative footprint of
an LIST cleanup. Site investigation BMPs include:
Using dynamic, real-time decision-making strategies
such as Triad to minimize energy and other resources
needed for field mobilization and sampling efforts4
Deploying geophysical tools such as ground penetrating
radar or electromagnetic surveys to define boundaries of
buried tanks without disturbing land
Maximizing use of portable meters with photoionization
or flame ionization detectors to screen soil cuttings or
sample cores for contaminant presence, to efficiently
locate materials needing excavation and minimize initial
needs for sample analysis by offsite laboratories
Selecting direct push (DP) tools to collect subsurface
samples wherever site conditions allow, rather than
conventional drilling systems that typically involve more
fuel consumption, land disturbance, and investigation-
derived waste
Equipping DP tools with real-time qualitative tools such
as membrane interface probes or laser induced
fluorescence, wherever warranted by site complexity, to
additionally reduce remobilizations and investigation-
derived waste generation
Using field test kits that minimize needs for offsite
analysis of samples and selecting test kits that generate
minimal waste
Integrating remote sampling approaches such as solar-
powered telemetry systems to reduce field trips, and
Deploying mobile laboratories to reduce off-site sample
analysis if a high volume of samples is anticipated.
Other techniques resulting in a smaller footprint of field
activities include:
Choosing biodegradable hydraulic fluids on hydraulic
equipment such as drill rigs
Using closed-loop cleaning systems relying on graywater
to wash non-sampling related machinery and equipment
Steam-cleaning or using phosphate-free detergents
instead of organic solvents or acids to decontaminate
sampling equipment
Containing decontamination fluids and preventing their
entrance into storm drains or the ground surface, and
Segregating and stockpiling drill cuttings for potential
onsite distribution of clean soil.
Additional BMPs are described in EPA's companion fact
sheet, Green Remediofion Besf A/lonogemenf Practices: Site
Investigation.50
BMPs for green purchasing may be introduced to an UST
cleanup project during the investigative phase and carried
forward to cleanup activities. For example, project
managers can:
Choose products manufactured through processes
involving nontoxic chemical alternatives
Select products with recycled and biobased contents such
as agricultural or forestry waste instead of petroleum-
based ingredients; EPA offers recycled product listings
and procurement guidelines specific to construction,
landscaping, and other materials markets6
Use products, packing material, and disposable
equipment with reuse or recycling potential
Use the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment
Tool (EPEATฎ)7 to find electronic products with reduced
impacts on the environment and Energy Starฎ ratings on
energy efficiency of other products,8 and
Select locally made materials whenever possible.
Other BMPs concerning project administration include:
Establishing reduced paperwork systems such as
electronic networks for data transfers and deliverables,
team decisions, and document preparation
Reducing travel through increased teleconferencing, and
selecting hotel and meeting facilities with green policies
when project meetings are needed, and
Establishing simple record-keeping procedures for green
remediation measures such as fuel consumption,
groundwater replenishment, and material recycling.
EPA Region 9 investigation of LUST-contaminated soil
and groundwater affecting Navajo Nation and Hop/
Tribe tribal lands near Tuba City, AZ, involved use of a
conceptual site model and mobile laboratory to guide
subsurface application of food-grade vegetable oil that
accelerated bioremediation of contaminated soil.
BMPs regarding onsite and offsite transportation can help
reduce the environmental footprint of UST system removals
and follow-on site remediation. Opportunities to reduce air
pollutant emission from internal combustion engines in
vehicles and stationary sources involve identifying local
service providers who maximize use of:
Operation and
consumption of
operating proced
Advanced diesel
catalysts, diesel
diesel particulate
Fuel efficient an
electric vehicles
maintenance plans resulting in lower
petroleum fuel, such as standard
ures to reduce engine idle
technologies such as diesel oxidation
particulate matter filters, and partial
filters
d alternative vehicles such as plug-in
for onsite data collection and hybrid
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electric vehicles for longer offsite travel; EPA's Green
Vehicle Guide can help decision-makers evaluate the
options when choosing vehicles,9 and
Alternative fuels and fuel additives, including biodiesel
blends and ultra low-sulfur diesel for all diesel-powered
machinery and equipment.
Other methods to reduce
liquid fuel consumption
and air emissions during
LIST site cleanup involve
increased substitution of
petroleum fuel with
sources of renewable
energy, particularly for
powering remediation
components or auxiliary
equipment with a low
energy demand. A small
off-grid wind turbine
and/or or photovoltaic (PV) system, for example, can be
equipped with deep-cycle batteries to provide relatively
steady power.
Electricity for various needs
can he generated onsite by
mobile systems that
capture renewable energy.
Recovery of petroleum
products from groundwater
at the former Adak Naval
Complex in Alaska was
powered by a mobile wind
turbine.
Details on benefits, costs, and other factors that can help
managers select and implement the most suitable methods
to reduce transportation-related footprints are provided in
EPA's Green Remediation Best Management Practices:
Clean Fuel & Emission Technologies for Site C/eonup.5b
Decision-makers can also investigate methods for reducing
air emissions caused by long-distance transport of
incoming materials or outgoing waste, such as:
Procuring services or materials from partners or affiliates
in EPA's SmartWay transport partnership10
Considering railroad instead of truck transport, and
Consolidating deliveries and schedules to avoid
deploying partially filled trucks.
Removing or Replacing a Tank System
A major contributor to the environmental footprint of an
LIST cleanup is the deployment of heavy machinery for
excavation, tank system removal, and site restoration.
Many related BMPs are described in EPA's Green
Remediation Best Management Practices: Excavation and
Surface Restoration.5c Selection of suitable BMPs when
removing an LIST system during site cleanup may be
affected by conditions such as groundwater depth, soil
permeability, and subsurface rock types. Greener cleanup
BMPs applying to USTremovals include:
Segregating and stockpiling excavated soil and material
that is clean or minimally contaminated for beneficial
reuse
Covering ground surfaces with re-useable tarp in areas
used for fluid extraction and transfer
Minimizing the volume of water used for rinsing a tank
(where allowed by state and local agencies) prior to
removal, to generate less waste water
Flushing system pipes with nitrogen instead of water to
reduce waste generation
Controlling odor and fugitive dust by applying bio-
degradable foam on equipment and soil surfaces
Transferring extracted fuel or chemicals to local recyclers
who use environmentally sound procedures, and
Disposing tanks, piping, and other metal components at
a state-approved or -certified tank disposal yard for
recycling instead of a landfill.
Surgical excavation
and tank removal at
the G&L Clothing
site in Illinois
allowed for minimal
site disturbance and
maximum recycling
or reuse of
excavated materials.
Profile: G&L Clothing
Cairo, IL
* Planned investigative and remedial activities that minimized
mobilization of staff and equipment for removing two
1,000-gallon gasoline USTs and one 5,000-gallon diesel
USJ from an abandoned gasoline station
* Reduced offsite transportation and associated resources by
maximizing deployment of local workers and suppliers
* Reduced the number of investigative samples by holistically
approaching the target area as a single tank pit rather than
three adjacent pits
Conserved fuel by placing engine idle restrictions on
construction equipment
* Reduced air emissions by using an excavator equipped with
emission controls meeting EPA Tier II standards for non-
road diesel equipment
Avoided unnecessary double-crushing of excavated
materials by loading excess concrete directly from the
excavation pit into dump trucks
* Reclaimed the excavated tanks for recycling by a local auto
salvage business, and
* Minimized the amount of imported soil needed as backfill
during site redevelopment (for a retail clothing store) by
reusing approximately 50 tons of demolition concrete that
shed onsite11
was crusr
Cleanup activities that involve removing an UST system are
often integrated with site plans to continue using an
underground storage facility for industrial or retail
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purposes. Tank system replacement steps that could be
taken by owners and operators to minimize potential for
petroleum or chemical releases and improve release
detection could include:
Avoid interior lining of tanks or use cathodic protection
when lining is in place
Use secondarily contained tanks and piping
Use tanks and piping made of steel that are coated and
cathodically protected, tanks and piping made of non-
corrodible materials, or tanks that are not subject to
exterior corrosion (such as clad or jacketed steel tanks)
Avoid ball floats as a means to prevent tank overfills
Install upgraded alarm systems
Increase the frequency of cathodic protection system tests
Check release detection equipment at least annually
according to manufacturer recommendations
Avoid reliance on groundwater or soil vapor monitoring
results as a means of leak detection, and
Institute non-cumbersome "paper trails" that can
facilitate stronger environmental stewardship among
short- or long-term UST owners and operators.
Current protocols for release detection systems do not
address ethanol blended fuels available in today's market.
Information about selecting leak detection technologies for
ethanol blends is available in a new quality assurance plan
available from EPA's Environmental Technology
Verification (ETV) Program.12 The National Renewable
Energy Laboratory offers additional information about
biodiesel storage, handling, and use.13 EPA is developing
guidance on the compatibility of UST systems with biofuels,
including ethanol-blended fuels containing greater than
1 0% ethanol; release of the guidance is expected in 201 1.
Some states also have policies in place regarding ethanol-
blended fuel storage.
Important BMPs for restoring land following tank system
removal or replacement include:
Using native species of plants for revegetation, which
typically need little or no maintenance such as irrigation
Finding beneficial use for woody debris, such as onsite
or offsite landscaping or habitat creation
Using low impact development techniques such as
creating bioswales to reduce water runoff, and
Using pervious construction materials for vehicle or
pedestrian traffic areas to increase water infiltration to
the subsurface of redeveloped sites.
Remediating Contaminated Environmental
Media
Technologies used for UST cleanups often involve one or a
combination of technologies such as groundwater pump-
and-treat systems, soil excavation and disposal, soil vapor
extraction, air sparging, bioventing, bioremediation, dual-
phase extraction, and in situ chemical oxidation.14 EPA's
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology
Innovation (OSRTI) offers companion fact sheets detailing
green remediation BMPs tailored to cleanup technologies:
Pump and Treat Technologies^
Bioremediafion,5e and
Soil Vapor Extraction &Air Sparging.5
Decisions on how to implement these and other
technologies can be enhanced by assessing their
environmental footprint on a site by site basis. The Green
Remediation Focus Web site sponsored by OSRTI offers a
compendium where over 50 free tools such as online
calculators and software can be easily accessed to assess
one or more elements of a greener cleanup.15 Other online
material includes site-specific results of applying a footprint
assessment methodology designed by EPA to include all
elements of a greener cleanup, as outlined in the Agency's
Principles for Greener Cleanups. Organizations conducting
or managing multiple UST cleanups with similar site
conditions may save resources by also using these tools
and examples to select a suite of BMPs that form a
technology implementation model.
The environmental outcome of UST site cleanups through
use of nearly any technology may be improved through
genera/ BMPs for remediation:
Considering tradeoffs associated with energy use and air
emissions when evaluating the potential for leaving waste
in place at a portion of the site, if site-specific risk criteria
can be met with minimal institutional controls
Assuring proper sizing of remediation equipment that
allows minimal rates of energy consumption while
sustaining the target cleanup pace
Periodically reassessing and optimizing existing treatment
systems to maintain peak operating performance and
identify opportunities for taking any equipment offline as
cleanup progresses
Developing an infrastructure for the remedial system that
can be integrated with site reuse
Switching to a "polishing" remedy once effectiveness of
an existing treatment system declines, as evidenced by
significant decreases in mass recovery rates, and
Recovering and recycling separated non-aqueous phase
liquid (NAPL) through local fuel or waste recyclers.
Two 21 -foot windmills
provide mechanical power
to extract groundwater for
light NAPL recovery at the
Hanover brownfield site in
South Bend, IN, which was
contaminated by two fuel
USTs; capture of wind
energy avoids the need for
two 1-horsepower pumps
and reduces consumption
of grid electricity by at
least 1.5 kW.
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Project managers are encouraged to implement an LIST
remediation monitoring plan that reflects BMPs such as:
Establishing a schedule for environmental sampling that
minimizes frequency of sampling events while assuring
cleanup progress
Evaluating environmental monitoring results on a regular
basis (possibly quarterly) to identify opportunities for
reducing or eliminating unnecessary analyses
Using remote monitoring techniques to assure effective
operation of treatment systems with fewer site trips, and
Seeking opportunities for integrating remediation
monitoring with future use of the site.
An off-grid PVsystem at Brooks Camp, AK, powered an
air sparging pump that operated only during daylight
hours, which sufficiently treated contaminated
groundwater while avoiding energy loss and freeze
potential associated with battery storage.
Profile: Brooks Camp, Katmai National Park and
Preserve, AK
* Minimized land disturbance during remedial construction in
this archeologically and biologically sensitive property of the
National Park Service (NFS) by surgically removing
vegetation in the treatment area and using compact designs
* Began operating an in situ remediation system in 1998
involving bioremediation (via injection of oxygen releasing
compounds), air sparging, and bioventing to treat soil and
groundwater contaminated by two former petroleum LUSJs
* Optimized energy use through treatment design allowing
use of a single 1.5-horsepower blower to alternately
operate the air sparging and bioventing equipment in four-
hour increments
* Housed the aboveground mechanical equipment in a
prefabricated treatment shed with south-facing windows that
provide interior daylighting
* Eliminated unnecessary energy consumption by taking the
bioventing system offline after two years of operation, when
sampling indicated a source reduction in diesel-range
organics to below cleanup levels set by the Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation
Installed an onsite, 770-watt PV system in 2000 for
powering the air sparging pump, to avoid continued use of
the site's diesel-powered generator and assure ongoing
treatment operations at this remote location, and
Began re-purposing the PV system in 2006 (when cleanup
goals were met and the system was no longer needed for
remediation) to meet other critical energy needs evolving at
Brooks Camp16
Similar or additional green practices established by other
federal or state programs and sectors also can be
explored. For example, EPA recommends incorporation of
green practices into construction projects funded through
the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of
2009, many of which involve LIST site cleanup. In addition
to incorporating EPA's recommendations, some states
maintain supplemental criteria applying to LIST cleanups.
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, for example,
requests contractors and vendors at ARRA-funded LUST
sites to report on use of greener cleanup practices for
purchasing, transportation, field and laboratory work, and
materials and waste management.17
Another example is the Smart Growth Network, which
identifies principles that can minimize air and water
pollution and preserve natural lands during property
development.18 Implementation of the principles at UST
sites can help integrate a greener cleanup into site reuse.
As a member of the network, EPA offers technical
assistance and funding to organizations and communities
working toward smart growth and sustainability.
Sustainable redevelopment of a remediated brownfield site
formerly used as a gasoline station in Eugene, OR, focused
on building a biofuel station with solar power along with low
impact development elements such as bioswales; the biofuel
is made of discarded cooking oil collected across the state.
Lane County-Sequential Biofuels, 2007 Phoenix Award
A Sampling of Success Measures for
UST Site Cleanup
Reduced land disturbance during site investigation due to
substitution of exploratory excavation or drilling with
advanced geophysical techniques
Lower emission of GHG, particulate matter, and other air
toxics due to fewer field mobilizations and associated fuel
consumption
Beneficial use of local industrial or agricultural waste as
reactive media for onsite soil treatment
Higher percentages of demolition material transferred to
recycling facilities instead of municipal landfills
Beneficial use of treated groundwater for onsite purposes
such as irrigation rather than treatment-water discharge to a
public sewer system
Increased offsets of air emissions and lower monthly utility
costs due to capture of onsite renewable energy
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UST Site Cleanup:
Recommended Checklist
Characterizing the Site
Use investigative techniques involving minimal land
disturbance, field mobilization, and waste generation
Employ green purchasing techniques for products
and services
Institute greener methods for project administration
and accounting
Establish mechanisms to assure use of EPA's BMPs for
using clean fuel and emission technologies
throughout the project
Removing or Replacing a Tank System
Use surgical excavation techniques that minimize
land disturbance
Prevent spillage and control odors and fugitive dust
when emptying a tank and recycle all reusable fluids
Use advanced equipment for release prevention and
detection when replacing an UST system as part of
integrated site remediation and redevelopment
Restore excavated areas quickly with native plants or
pervious ground covers, depending on site reuse
Remediating Contaminated Environmental Media
Employ EPA's BMPs for commonly used remediation
technologies such as pump-and-treat systems,
bioremediation, and soil vapor extraction
Optimize remedial operations through proper
equipment sizing and frequent reassessment
Establish operating or performance criteria that could
trigger use of less intensive polishing technologies as
cleanup progresses
Substitute electricity drawn from the utility grid with
power generated by onsite renewable energy
resources
Deploy long-term monitoring techniques that rely on
remote sensing/control technology, with potential
integration into site reuse
EPA and state organizations offer additional resources to
help project managers reduce the environmental footprint
of UST corrective and remedial actions:
EPA's Greener Cleanups Contracting and Administrative
Toolkit, which contains samples of specifications used by
EPA regions and other government agencies in cleanup
service contracts, records of decision, and other
administrative documents19
Information on green remediation and other UST
initiatives of the ASTSWMO LUST Task Force and
Greener Cleanup Task Force,20 and
Updated methods, resources, and guidance from EPA's
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.21
1 U.S. EPA; Principles for Greener Cleanups; August 27, 2009;
http://www.epa.gov/oswer/greencleanups/principles.html
2 U.S. EPA; Green Remediation: Incorporating Sustainable Environmental
Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites; EPA 542-R-08-002,
April 2008; http://www.cluin.org/greenremediation
3 ASTSWMO; State Funds Survey Results 201 0;
http://www.astswmo.org/Pages/Policies_and_Publications/Tanks.htm
4 Triad Resource Center; http://www.triadcentral.org
5 U.S. EPA OS WE R; http://www.cluin.org/greenremediation; Green
Remediation Best Management Practices:
"Site Investigation; EPA542-F-09-004, December 2009
b Clean Fuel & Emission Technologies for Site Cleanup; EPA 542-F-l 0-
008, August 2010
c Excavation and Surface Restoration; EPA 542-F-08-012, December
2008
d Pump and Treat Technologies; EPA 542-F-09-005, December 2009
e Bioremediation; EPA 542-F-l 0-006, March 201 0
'Soil Vapor Extraction & Air Sparging; EPA 542-F-l 0-007, March 2010
6 U.S. EPA; Resource Conservation -Comprehensive Procurement
Guidelines;
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/products/index.htm
7 Green Electronics Council; EPEAT; http://www.epeat.net/
8 U.S. EPA; Find Energy Star Products;
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products
9 U.S. EPA; Green Vehicle Guide;
http://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/lndex.do
10 U.S. EPA; SmartWay Transport Partnership;
http://www.epa.gov/smartway/transport/partner-list/index.htm
11 Pers. comm., Joyce Munie, IL EPA (ioyce.munie@illinois.gov)
12 U.S. EPA ETV Program; Advanced Monitoring Systems Center;
http://www.epa.gov/etv/etvoice091 O.html
13 National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Biodiese! Handling and Use
Guide; Fourth Edition, NREL/TP-540-43672; January 2009;
http://www.nrel.goV/vehiclesandfuels/npbf/f eature_guidelines.html
14 U.S. EPA; How to Evaluate Alternative Cleanup Technologies for
Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for Corrective Action Plan
Reviewers; http://www.epa.gov/OUST/pubs/tums.htm
15 U.S. EPA; CLU-IN Green Remediation Focus; Footprint Assessment;
http://www.cl uin.org/green re mediation/subtab_b3.cfm
16 Pers. comm., Linda Stromquist, NPS (linda_stromquist@nps.gov)
17 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; ARRA of 2009 LUST (PRP)
Guidance; http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/about-
mpca/assistance/financial-assistance/american-recovery-and-
reinvestment-act-arra-of-2009-lust-prp-guidance.html
18 U.S. EPA; Smart Growth; http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/index.htm
19 U.S. EPA; Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology
Innovation; http://www.cluin.org/greenretriediation/docs/Greener_
Cleanups_Contracting_and_Administrative_Toolkit.pdf
20 ASTSWMO; http://www.astswmo.org/Pages/Policies_and_Publications/
Tanks.htm; http://www.astswmo.org/Pages/Policies_and_Publications/
Sustainability/Greener_Clea nups.html
21 U.S. EPA Office of Underground Storage Tanks; Cleaning up
Underground Storage Tank System Releases;
http://www.epa.gov/OUST/cat/index.htm
EPA appreciates the many document contributions from representatives of
EPA regional offices or LUST Teams and ASTSWMO members.
The Agency is publishing this fact sheet as a means of disseminating
information regarding the BMPs of green remediation; mention of specific
products or vendors does not constitute EPA endorsement.
Visit Green Remediation Focus online:
http://cluin.org/greenremediation
For more information, contact:
Carlos Pachon, OSWER/OSRTI (pachon.carlos@epa.gov)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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