&EPA
United States Office of
Environmental Protection the Comptroller
Agency Washington, DC 20460
Summary of
the 1993 Budget
January 1992
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
UNFTED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WA8f«NOTON, D.C, 20400
MESSAGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
I am pleased to present the 1993 budget for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The President and I take great pride in the Administration's environmental
record. Even in the face of tight funding constraints, this budget demonstrates that our
commitment to an improved environment remains strong.
Under the Bush Administration this Agency has flourished. The EPA has been
elevated in visibility and stature, recognizing the elevated role that the environment must
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
CONTENTS
PAGE
OF 1993 3
OPERATING BUDGET SUMMARY 7
Air.................... 13
Water Quality 1?
Drinking Water.. 19
Hazardous Waste. 23
Pestaddes 27
Radiation 31
Multimedia. 35
Toxic Substances 39
Management & Support 43
INSPECTOR GENERAL 47
SUPERFUND 51
LUST...... 57
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 61
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 65
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS..... 73
APPENDDC: BUDGET TABLES 79
-------
NOTE: The charts on the following pages include the 1992 Current
Estimate and the 1993 President's Budget. Unless otherwise
noted, all comparisons between 1993 and 1992 budget levels in the
narrative refer to the 1992 Current Estimate and 1993 President's
Budget. (The "Current Estimate" is the Agency's current plan for
using its resources.)
References to workyears refer to total workyears rather than only
"permanent" workyears. Additionally, some numbers may not add
due to independent rounding.
Cover Photo: Steve Delaney
-------
OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW OF THE 1993 BUDGET
The 1993 President's Budget for the
Environmental Protection Agency
demonstrates the President's strong
commitment to implementing and enforcing
the national environmental laws. EPA has
met that challenge and will continue to find
cost-effective and efficient ways to fulfill
statutory mandates, reducing risk to human
health and ecology.
The Agency's 1993 Budget is $7.0
billion and 17,917 workyears. The request
includes $2.7 billion and 14,218 workyears
for our operating programs, $1.75 billion and
3,604 workyears for the Superfund program,
and $75 million and 95 workyears for the
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
program. In addition, $2.5 billion is provided
for the Construction Grants program.
In the last four years, the
Environmental Protection Agency has
experienced an unprecedented amount of
change. The Agency has moved toward
making many of its environmental protection
decisions based largely upon the amount of
risk to health and the ecology. The Bush
Administration has steadily increased
resources for the Agency's environmental
programs. The largest increases have come
in the air, water, hazardous waste,
enforcement and multimedia programs.
The 1990 EPA publication, Reducing
Risk, established a focus on certain key
elements of environmental protection.
Consistent with this focus, we have
structured our 1993 budget into nine major
themes. These themes represent a continued
transformation of the Agency, first outlined
in the President's 1992 budget, to move the
Agency in a new direction into the 21st
century.
Our proposal is based upon this
Administration's solid record of
accomplishment. It builds upon the Agency's
already noteworthy science base and
redirects activities away from traditional
command and control approaches to more
innovative, voluntary and market-based
approaches. It specifically targets resources
to the most serious environmental risks
within the geographic areas of greatest
environmental concern. The 1993 budget
recognizes the elevated role that the
Environmental Protection Agency must play
in decisions that range from international
relations to maintaining the Nation's basic
infrastructure.
HIGHLIGHTS
ic ond Ecolosicol
Geographic approaches coupled with
building state and local capacity have become
the centerpiece of our efforts to engage the
public in reinforcing the Agency's
environmental protection efforts. Through
the geographic and ecological theme, the
Agency's budget reflects the notion oPThink
Globally, Act Locally." The 1993 budget
focuses on particular geographic areas where
the Agency has taken an ecologically based,
multimedia approach to risk reduction and
environmental cleanup. This allows all
affected levels of government to target their
efforts toward common, specifically defined
areas.
The Agency proposes to invest $710
million and 903 workyears in our operating
and construction grants programs for 1993
to address geographic and ecological issues.
Within our operating programs, $240 million
and 903 workyears will be directed toward
specific watersheds and crucial ecological
-------
OVERVIEW
priorities. Cross-program geographic
initiatives are directed at reducing and
preventing pollution in the Great Lakes,
Mexican Border, GulfofMexico, Chesapeake
Bay and the Caribbean. New initiatives will
also target funds and workyears toward
protecting estuaries, preserving wetlands,
and controlling nonpoint source pollution.
Our $470 million in geographically-
targeted Construction Grants projects builds
upon the Administration's 1992 initiative to
target delicate coastal ecologies, and to
implement the U,S./Mexico Border Plan and
support the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA).
By focusing on geographic areas, the
President's Budget is proposing a highly
effective,efficient approachtoenvironmental
protection. This theme will galvanize public
and business attention around productive
resources and priority risks. It allows us to
focus our technical resources on special
problems, tocharacterize risk priorities more
clearly and understandably, and to advance
the federal-state relationship. Developing
these tangible, common focal points will
reduce, if not eliminate, duplication of effort
among the various federal, state and local
partners.
New Legislation
For 1993, the Agency will aim toward
meeting statutory requirements and
regulatory goals from recently enacted
environmental legislation. The President's
Budget provides $600 million and 2,796
workyears for the new legislation theme.
Implementing the Clean Air Act
amendments remains one of the
Administration's highest priorities. The 1993
budget focuses on air toxics, state operating
permits, and state grants. The Agency will
support the State's development plans to
reduce levels of pollutants in their boundaries
and work with industries to reduce air toxic
emissions. The President's Budget also
increases funding for the Agency's
responsibilities under the Oil Pollution Act
of 1990. The Agency will target increased
resources toward review of emergency
response plans and implementing new
enforcement authorities. Additionally, the
1993 Budget targets the Safe Drinking Water
Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodentieide Act for significant increases.
nowlede Base
Our nation's ability to address
environmental problems in an effective
manner hinges on \ aving a solid scientific
knowledge base upon which we can better
understand the nature of and possible
solutions to our environmental problems.
Without such a base, decisions on
environmental problems may be shortsighted
and only trade one environmental problem
for another. Environmental problems by
their nature are complex and require a broad
scientific base of knowledge to understand
them and to assess effective approaches.
EPA is addressing this concern.
EPA's 1993 President's Budget
includes $269 million and 1,374 workyears
to improve the Agency's knowledge base to
deal with increasing needs for complex
scientific and econometric information to
make decisions. Increases in 1993 are
primarily to improve our abilities to assess
health and ecological risks which includes
the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP). This
investment will improve our capabilities to
evaluate the status and trends of the nation's
ecological resources and determine the effects
of current and future control strategies,
evaluate economic incentives for pollution
control, and improve water quality data and
management of complex geographic data
bases (e.g. , Geographic Information System. )
-------
OVERVIEW
Reliable, accurate scientific data are
critical to ensure that efficient environmental
protection strategies address the highest
ecological and welfare risks. To provide such
data, in 1993 the Agency will work with
federal and state agencies to identify quality
databases and improve overall efficiency of
environmental monitoring, data collection
and statistical information sharing. In
addition, the Agency will continue to provide
environmental data and statistics to other
agencies and the private sector using such
tools as the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP) and
forecasting models.
International
The EPA has been elevated to
participating on an international level in
numerous ways. The budget for international
activities has increased dramatically during
the Bush Administration. The 1993 budget
provides $94 million and 317 workyears to
focus on international issues. In addition to
the NAFTA and Mexican Border activities
discussed above under the Geographical and
Ecological theme, the 1993 budget dedicates
increased resources to Technology Innovation
and Trade activities, Global Climate Change,
and EPA's efforts in Eastern Europe. Several
other initiatives that include international
activities are grouped under the Geographic
and Ecological theme.
Through the international theme the
Agency will attempt to address
systematically international issues that
affect the United States and provide a
coordinated Agency response to those issues.
The Technology Innovation and Trade
initiative shows significant growth in 1993.
Increased research will promote development
of advanced materials and high performance
computing; effluent guidelines to be
developed will have application in Third
World countries; innovative technologies will
oe introduced; and technical assistance will
be provided to developing countries.
The Global Climate Change initiative
will also grow, including increased global
methane analysis programs, and preparation
for an international climate change
convention and a global forest agreement.
Pollution Prevention.
Pollution prevention remains a
cornerstone of all EPA policy. This concept
has been integrated into the 1993 President's
Budget, providing a better framework for
analyzing the complex sources of pollution
and targeting our resources to the most
critical areas. This effort cuts across all EPA
programs and initiatives.
The Agency's investment for specific
pollution prevention initiatives in 1993 is
$50 million and 286 workyears. The Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990 has become the
legislative force behind the Agency's vigorous
pursuits for reducing the nation's pollution.
Investments wiU provide the resources to
control pollutants through energy
conservation, information management, and
outreach to states as they implement
pollution prevention programs. An increase
in grants will provide states the means to
implement their pollution prevention
strategies in coordination with federal efforts.
The President's Budget includes
funding for the Agency to maintain a database
to track greenhouse emissions for stronger
program implementation opportunities and
for the enhancement of public awareness.
State programs for protection of farm workers
and groundwater resources from pesticides
will enhance the pollution prevention efforts
in the agriculture sector. Research and
evaluation will continue to develop innovative
opportunities for growth of the Agency's
pollution prevention initiative.
Resources will also contribute to our
participation in implementing the NEW 3
Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. In 1993, we
-------
OVERVIEW
will address recycling and related solid waste
issues by improving consumer information
on environmental effects or consumer choices
rather than through regulatory activities.
Enforcement
One of the cardinal tenets of effective
environmental protection is vigorous
enforcement. Over the past several years,
enforcement has been an important element
of EPA's environmental strategy.
Environmental enforcement budgets under
the Bush Administration have grown
approximately 70% as the Administration
has strengthened EPA's capabilities to
enforce environmental laws. In 1991, EPA
broke previous records in the collection of
penalties, levying over $14 million in fines.
The 1993 President's Budget totals
$61 million and 626 workyears for the
enforcementtheme. The budget will continue
to build a strong environmental enforcement
capability within EPA and at the state level.
EPA plans to continue an enforcement
strategy of utilizing multi-media enforcement
actions to ensure any regulated entity is in
compliance with all relevant environmental
standards. The 1993 President's Budget will
promote such a multi-media enforcement
strategy with a program of $46 million in
1993. This program will strengthen
enforcement in two areas.
Multi-Media Enforcement:
Enforcement will continue to improve its
effectiveness by targeting enforcement
actions against major waste generators to
achieve the greatest deterrent effect.
Enforcement actions will be directed at non-
compliance, particularly non-compliance
with Clean Air Act and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act
requirements. Enforcement will recognize
the importance of pollution prevention
activities through their inclusion in
enforcement settlements. In addition, EPA
wiUimplementrequirements of the Pollution
Prosecution Act to increase criminal and
civil investigators and develop the National
Enforcement Training Institute.
Federal Facilities Enforcement:
EPA will assist states in enforcing
environmental standards at federal facilities
by targeting inspections and enforcement
actions. EPA will also help in the negotiation
of federal facility compliance agreements
establishing compliance schedules and
corrective action activities. Technical
assistance to other federal agencies will also
be provided to meet major environmental
statutes, particularly, the Clean Air Act and
Clean Water Act requirements.
Clusters
The 1993 Budget advances a new
approach to environmental regulation by
promoting the coordination of regulations
across programs which affect particular
industries or pollutants. The budget
dedicates $134 million and 575 workyears to
this cross-media approach toward initiatives
in the areas of lead, groundwater, indoor air,
and contaminated media. By "clustering*
the Agency's activities towards these issues,
we will cut across traditional organization
lines to reduce the conflict and duplication in
the management of environmental
regulation.
Specifically, the Agency will increase
efforts to reduce lead exposure to children,
and provide public outreach and education.
The Agency will initiate regional and state
site-specific ground water management plans
through our groundwater initiative. For
contaminated media, the Agency is utilizing
-------
OVERVIEW
the duster approach to examine alternatives
for achieving higher quality, more consistent,
and cost-effective cleanups of contaminated
soil, groundwater, and sediments.
Additionally, in support of the National
Energy Strategy, the Agency is coordinating
an effort to mitigate the potential risks from
increased oil and gas production in
ecologically sensitive areas. The Agency will
also provide increases for an indoor air and
small community project clusters.
Facilities and Management
Within any organization, the core is
held in its employees. Without employees
and facilities in which employees can work,
there would not be environmental protection
as we know it. The Agency's 1993 budget
proposes $194 million and 1,446 workyears
to support the infrastructure of the Agency's
facilities; to advance financial and
nanagement integrity, and internal
oversight capabilities; and to build the
Agency's human resources and Total Quality
Management culture. Significant increases
planned for 1993 include: funding for the
new Headquarters building, and an
administrative annex to our existing
Cincinnati laboratory facility; continued
implementation of the Chief Financial
Officers' legislation; and advanced programs
in Total Quality Management.
Environmental Education
The Agency's 1993 Budget supports a
stronger national environmental ethic
through an environmental education
initiative. Environmental education has
increased in both resource levels and visibility
within the Agency as part of the effort to
improve the nation's environmental literacy.
In 1993 the President's Budget provides $17
lillion and 26 workyears under the
environmental education theme, including
federal grant assistance to education agencies
and non-profit organizations involved in
environmental education, support of an
environmental education foundation,
environmental internship and fellowship
programs and a new clearinghouse and
education program on solid waste and
recycling,
A focus on environmental education
has been recognized by many educators as
one of the best means for promoting math
and science to students. America needs to
educate its people so that they may carry on
the mantle left by today's generation.
The Superfund Program: Balancing
the "Enforcement-first" Strategy
with a Concentration on Direct
Site Cleanup
The 1993 President's Budget for
Superfund, consisting of $1,750 million and
3,604 workyears, represents a strong and
continued commitment on the part of the
Agency to meet its responsibilities to protect
human health and the environment. This is
the fourth consecutive year that the
Administration has requested a substantial
increase in Superfund. The $133.8 million
and two workyear increase over 1992
supports a commitment to the oversight of
federal facility cleanups and military base
closure activities and the maturation of the
Agency's "enforcement-first* strategy
balanced against an increased investment in
direct site cleanup.
The Agency is requesting $225 million
and 1,629 workyears for the Superfund
enforcement program, an increase of $8.4
million. The enforcement program funds
efforts to reach and enforce cleanup
settlements with potentially responsible
parties (PRPs), maximize the recovery of
-------
OVERVIEW
Government dollars spent at Superfund sites,
and meet the Agency's significant
responsibilities in the oversight of Federal
facility cleanups and military base closure
activities. The increase in the enforcement
program is to support a greater legal caseload,
closely monitor potentially responsible party
(PRP) cleanups, and take enforcement action
against PRPs who do not comply with their
settlements.
The President's Budget contains
$896.0 million for direct site cleanup
activities, an increase of $153.7 million for
direct site cleanup activities over 1992. This
level includes funding for emergency
removals and site activity from the remedial
investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) stage,
which includes selecting a method for the
cleanup, to the construction stage, also known
as the remedial action (RA). Also included in
this category is the oversight of PRP cleanups.
$585 million is currently estimated for RAs
to support the Agency's focus on completing
site cleanups.
The Construction Grants Program
Demonstrates the President's Support
for the Capitalization of State
Revolving Funds
The 1993 budget for the Construction
Grants Appropriation is $2.5 billion, which
includes $2 billion for capitalization of the
State Revolving Fund (SRFs). The
Administration is committed to provide for
the fully authorized level for capitalization
of the SRFs. In addition, the Agency provides
$340 million in grants for secondary
treatment in six U.S. coastal cities plus $65
million for the United States share of the
Tijuana treatment plant in Mexico.
Altogether, the budget includes $130
million for construction grants environ-
mental projects along the Mexican border.
The United States and Mexico have worked
intensively throughout 1991 to develop a
joint U.S JMexico Environmental Border Plan
that will address major environmental
problems in the border region, including air
and water quality, hazardous waste
management, and emergency planning. This
detailed plan will guide the activities carried
out in response to commitments made in
connection with negotiations on the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
The U.S. and Mexico will begin implementing
the Border Plan in 1992 and maintain and
substantially enhance these efforts in 1993.
Besides the $65 million for Tijuana,
the Administration is providing $15 million
for sewage treatment projects along the
Mexican border for Nogales, Arizona and to
clean up the New River in California. An
additional $50 million is provided for
improving wastewater treatment in
impoverished "colonias" in Texas.
Pesticide Registration
The 1993 budget proposes
appropriations language to reinstate fees on
applications for registration, registration
amendments, and experimental use permits
for pesticide use. The fees are designed to
recover the costs (or portion of the costs)
associated with the review and processing of
such applications. It is the Agency's belief
that applicants should pay for the costs
associated with the analysis, review, and the
ultimate decisions of their application. The
enactment of the appropriations language
would generate $15 million in receipts that
would be considered discretionary under the
Budget Enforcement Act.
8
-------
OVERVIEW
Summary
The President's Budget enables
the Environmental Protection Agency to
continue to achieve its mission of protecting
human health and the environment while
providing the Agency the opportunity to find
better ways for targeting and integrating
environmental policy. The Budget has been
meticulously evaluated to ensure a high
degree of risk-reduction. It centers around
themes with the intent to avoid redundancy
and provide a more knowledgeable approach
to environmental problems. TMM budget
request provides the resources and leadership
necessary to continue to make progress.
-------
In 1993, The Agency's Budget For Super-fund, LUST, And
The Operating Programs Will Total $4.5 Billion
C] Superfand/LUST Programs
0 Operating Programs
$3,227 M
$2,700 M
$1,963 M
$1,643
W/A
I$L584|
$3,987 M
$3,590 M
$4,269 M
$1,691
$2.578
$4,523 M
$1,825
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
The Agency's Workyear Ceiling Will Increase By 2% in 1993
O Superfund/LUST Programs
0 Operating Programs
13,401
1,816
11.585
14,268 14,450 14,444
2,878
111.566
15,277
3,417
11.860
16,415
17,622
3,699
14.218
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
10
-------
J OPERATING
Air
Water Qua! rty
Drinking Water
Hazardous
Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic
Substances
Management
& Support
BUDGET SUMMARY
11
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
12
-------
AIR
$517.1 M
DOLLARS
+$34.9 M $552.0 M
WORKYEARS
1993
INCREASE
2.282
4108
2,890
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
INCREASE
1983
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Air program's primary task
continues to be the successful
implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 (CAA), The Act greatly
expanded the Agency's responsibilities for
controlling air pollution and contained a
tough schedule for achieving the CAA goals.
The program works with states and industry
to develop air improvement plans,
promulgates regulations governing air
emissions, maintains air monitoring systems,
and supports a strong research effort. The
1993 President's Budget provides $552.0
million and 2,390 workyears for the Air
program, increases of $34.9 million and 108
workyears over the 1992 levels. In addition
to the Clean Air Act, the 1993 program will
also support the Agency's efforts in the
International, Clusters, Geographic and
Ecological, and Pollution Prevention themes.
Since the passage of the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA), the Air
program has developed an acid rain trading
system, targeted areas of the country by
particular air pollutants, bolstered
monitoring efforts to allow the Agency to
track success in reducing air pollutants and
built research efforts needed to support the
\ir program goals. To implement these the
program will continue to develop market
based approaches and public/private
initiatives. In 1993, the program will
emphasize the development of state capacity
through increased state grants and other
support.
Geographically, the Air program is
targeting the Mexican Border, Great Lakes,
Baltimore/D.C. and Gulf of Mexico. By
strengthening the air monitoring and
assessment programs for these areas, the
Agency will be able to design effective plans
to protect human health and the ecology of
these particularly sensitive areas. The Global
Climate Change Program is expanding its
study of greenhouse gases, particularly
methane.
HIGHLIGHTS
Implementing the Clean Air Act will
Remain the Too Priority in 1993
The Agency is requesting an
additional $42 million to continue aggressive
CAA implementation in 1993. This increase
will fund the promulgation of the regulations
needed to enforce the Act and the
implementation of the innovative market
based provisions of the Act, such as acid rain
13
-------
Am
emissions trading, fuel emissions averaging
and emissions averaging in toxics.
The major investment for 1993 will
be supporting state development of plans
that detail how each state will achieve the
CAA g oals for ozone, carbon dioxide, sulphur
dioxide, andparticulate matter. The program
is requesting a total of $174.5 million for
state grants, an increase of $9.7 million.
This funding will help states develop State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) detailing how
they will reach the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQSs).
The Air program has identified mobile
sources as an area where the nation can
achieve substantial air quality
improvements. In particular, spot checks
have revealed that the present state vehicle
inspection systems are not adequately
identifying deterioration of automobile
emission controls. In 1993, the Air program
is requesting $57.6 million to help states
improve inspection programs to more
accurately monitor the upkeep of automobile
air emissions equipment and support a more
intensive mobile sources effort.
1993 will be a critical year for
implementing the sulphur dioxide trading
system, the world's first emissions trading
program. The CAA is one of the first pieces of
legislation which does more than rely on
command and control but utilizes the
efficiencies of market based systems to reduce
the total cost of regulations to industry,
private citizens and the government. By
allowing utilities to buy and sell emission
allowances the Act will permit the industry,
as a whole, to reduce emissions where the
cost is the least. In 1993, the Agency will
stress the development of accurate monitors
and ensure the maintenance of a smoothly
functioning trading system.
Last year new NASA data revealed
that the ozone layer is depleting at a faster
rate and over a wider area than previously
thought. Cooperating with other nations
through the Montreal Protocol and other
agreements, the Agency is placing a strong
emphasis on fulfilling its obligations on the
behalf of the United States. To accomplish
this objective, the Agency is requesting $20
million for the Montreal Protocol.
The CAA added substantially to the
enforcement authorities of the Agency. In
1993 the Agency will help states develop new
field citation and enforceable operating
permit programs. These programs require
on site inspectors to have the in-depth
knowledge to work with industry to target
pollution reduction in the most cost-effective
manner possible. The Agency is also
responsible for judging the effectiveness of
new fuel additives and reformulated
gasolines. Overall, the Agency's challenge is
to target areas of greatest potential pollution
reduction.
Targeting Key Geographic Areas
and Ecosystems
The discovery that airborne toxins
were one of the prime contributors to the
water pollution of the Great Lakes
underscored the need to coordinate the
Agency's efforts in particular geographic
environments. Recognizing this fact the air
program will invest $6.0 million to address
four particular geographic areas: The Great
Lakes, Mexican Border, Gulf of Mexico, and
Baltimore/D.C..
In the Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico,
and Baltimore/D.C. the Agency is upgrading
monitoring systems to more accurately
measure what airborne pollutants are
entering these environments. Coordinating
14
-------
Am
this information with other programs the
Agency will be able to develop more refined
approaches to pollution reduction.
Supporting the North American Free Trade
negotiations, the Agency is working with
Mexico to strengthen Mexico's environmental
regulation as appropriate. The Agency will
support new coordinated regulatory and
pollution reduction programs in the twin
cities of Mexicali/Calexico and Tijuana/San
Diego in addition to the current programs in
Ciudad Juarez/El Paso,
Understanding Global
Climate Change
The Air program will continue to
participate in an interagency effort to
understand the factors contributing to global
climate change. In 1993 the Agency is placing
particular emphasis on evaluating methods
to reduce world wide emissions of methane
from coal mining, gas pipelines, garbage,
and livestock. The Global Climate Change
program is requesting $ 12.1 million for these
activities in 1993, which, in addition to the
$20 million Montreal Protocol request, makes
the Air program's 1993 Global Change
request $32.1 million.
Working with the Private Sector
to Reduce Pollution
Since its beginning, the Green Lights
program has attracted many corporations
who found that they could substantially
reduce their energy costs and help the
environment. EPA has shown these
companies that installing high efficiency
lighting can reduce energy costs and improve
the quality of indoor light. This program has
proven a success despite a relatively small
budget. In 1993, the program will investigate
possibilities for Green Motors and Green
Buildings programs.
The first place in which the Agency
would like to use its Green lights experience
is in Indoor Air. The indoor air program will
invest the $1.1 million increase over its $15
million 1992 budget to work with the housing
industry to develop healthier, more energy
efficient homes. Preliminary work indicates
that some simple modifications to home
design could yield substantial improvement
in the quality of indoor air while conserving
energy.
Buildinp a Strong Scientific Base
The Air research program aims to
effectively implement the CAA by better
understanding acid deposition, global climate
change and indoor air pollution. These
research goals in 1993 support the Agency's
1993 New Legislation, International and
Pollution Prevention themes. EPA will
devote $129.2 million and 496 workyears to
research in 1993.
1993 will see the building of a stronger
scientific basis for regulatory standards and
monitoring efforts mandated by the Clean
Air Act Major emphases will be on better
understanding the impact of airborne toxic
substances and technologies for controlling
emissions from mobile sources, such as
automobiles. 1993 indoor air research will
focus on understanding emissions from
indoor sources and developing strategies to
mitigate indoor air pollution. In addition,
efforts will be made to develop ways to
monitor indoor air pollution. Finally, EPA
will participate in researching the processes
that affect the environmental impacts of
global change as part of the U.S. Global
Change Research Program. This program is
coordinated by the Committee on
Environmental Earth Sciences (CEES) under
the Federal Coordinating Council on Science
and Environmental Technology (FCCSET).
15
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
16
-------
WATER QUALITY
DOLLARS
$462.7 M -S13.6M
1993
DECREASE
$449.1 M
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
2,825
WORKYEARS
+49 2,374
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The legislative basis for the 1993
Water Quality program is founded in the
Clean Water Act, which ensures the
protection of the chemical, physical, and
biological integrity of the nation's waters. In
1987 the Water Quality Act amended the
Clean Water Act, which enhanced water
quality management and improved the
Agency's partnership with the states. The
Act provided new methods to control sewage
contamination and pollution penalties. The
Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990
amended the Clean Water Act to set a specific
timetable for completion of cleanup around
the Great Lakes Basin. The Coastal Zone
Act Reauthorization Amendments created
important new responsibilities in the Agency
for identifying nonpoint source pollutants.
The Water Quality program will focus
on specific geographic areas where the Agency
has taken an ecological approach to cleanup
of the environment. The 1993 President's
Budget provides $449.1 million and 2,374
workyears for the Water Quality Program,
representing a decrease of $13.6 million and
an increase of 49 workyears over 1992. The
decrease in dollars is a result of not carrying
forward certain congressionally directed
activities that can be considered state and
local responsibilities, which were included
in the Agency's 1992 appropriations.
The 1993 President's Budget targets
over $187 million to particular geographic
areas where the Agency has taken an
ecologically based, multimedia approach to
risk reduction and environmental protection.
By focusing on this theme, the Agency will
improve federal-state relationships, and the
technical resources designed to protect the
environmental quality of our beaches, shores,
and waters.
HIGHLIGHTS
Water Quality Focus on
Geographic Targeting
The Water Quality Program places a
high priority on the Geographic and
Ecological theme and will address
strategically significant ecologically
threatened waterbodies throughout the
nation such as the Gulf of Mexico, Great
Lakes, and the Chesapeake Bay.
In 1993 the Water Quality program
will continue to focus on the Gulf of Mexico.
The $ 11 million being requested will improve
the recreational, economic, and ecological
value of the Gulf of Mexico, preserving the
quality of the Gulfs immense shoreline and
surrounding wetlands, increasing the
17
-------
WATER QUALITY
number offish and shellfish, and decreasing
the number of fishing bans and health
advisories.
The Water Quality program is
requesting $43 million to improve the water
qualit" around the Great Lakes Basin. The
largest reservoir of fresh surface water on
earth, the Great Lakes are a vital resource
for millions of Americans, providing
tremendous opportunities for commercial and
sport fisheries. These resources will improve
state water quality standards and habitat
programs to restore and maintain the
physical and biological integrity of the Great
Lakes Basin ecosystem.
We are requesting $23 million for the
Ch ^sapeake Bay program. This includes an
increase of $3.5 million to supply outreach
assistance for management of land
development, including urban and farmland
runoff and restoration of habitat activities.
Although North America's largest estuary,
the Bay is very shallow, and has little water
to absorb and dilute pollutants. Our
investment will ensure cleaner water, meet
wetlands restoration goals, and increase
monitoring of submerged aquatic vegetation
throughout the Bay States.
Ecosystem Focus for Water
The Agency will invest $31 million in
1993 to protect the nation's wetlands. In
support of the President's goal of "no net
loss" of wetlands, funding will help increase
the detention time of flooding and erosion,
and help preserve the habitat of fish and
wildlife.
Approximately $28 million of the
President's Budget is for the protection and
preservation of the nation's estuaries. In
addition to their aesthetic appeal, estuaries
have well known functions. Investing
resources will nurture habitat for wildlife
and influence the water quality of adjacent
rivers and streams by removing pollutants
and nutrients.
The President's Budget includes an
increased effort to prevent and minimize the
resulting environmental damage due to
accidental releases of oil into the nation's
navigable waters. To implement the
provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990,
the Agency is requesting increases for its oil
spill program. The Agency will continue its
spill prevention enforcement activities begun
in 1992 and implement new enforcement
authorities.
In addition, the Water Quality
program request includes $55 million for
activities under the Agency's International,
Improved Knowledge Base, and Clusters
themes.
Research Focus on Large Estuaries
and Wetlands
Research in 1993 will increase support
for Geographic and Ecologic initiatives. The
1993 Budget will increase $2 million targeted
to the Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes,
Chesapeake Bay, and wetlands research.
This request will expand efforts to
understand pollution impacts on some of the
nation's largest lakes and estuaries.
Research on the impact of airborne nitrogen
on estuarine systems will initially focus on
the Chesapeake Bay. Research will be
initiated to develop and apply a risk -based
framework to identify and set priorities
regarding major risks to habitats, including
wetlands. To advance the Administration's
"no net loss" of wetlands goal, increases in
research resources will focus on quantifying
wetlands water quality functions, assessing
the impact of cumulative wetland losses on
water quality, and evaluating constructed
wetlands both for use as a viable waste water
treatment alternative and as a way of
mitigating wetlands loss and degradation.
18
-------
DRINKING WATER
DOLLARS
$140 M +$5.4 M $146.7 M
1993
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
804
800
1993
DECREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The goals of the Drinking Water
program are to assure that public water
supplies are free of contamination that may
pose unacceptable human health risks and
to protect and prevent the endangennent of
ground-water resources which serve as
drinking water supplies.
The President's Budget requests
$146.7 million and 800 workyears,
representing an increase of $5.4 million and
a decrease of 4 workyears from 1992. These
increases will be used to strengthen Agency
activities in risk-based regulatory
development, achieve risk reductions through
increased enforcement and compliance, and
provide assistance to the states. Special
emphasis will be given to small public water
systems.
As part of the Safe Drinking Water
Act Implementation Initiative, we will
develop and provide information and training
for state and local program officials on the
new regulations, as well as on how to improve
and measure compliance. Since the practice
of injecting wastes and other fluids into
shallow injection well poses a significant
threat to public drinking supplies, the Agency
will focus grant money on reducing the
harmful effects of this practice. Shallow
Injection Wells, particularly those located
near drinking water wells, will be especially
targeted.
HIGHLIGHTS
New Drinking Water Standards and
Reducing Human Health Risk
The Drinking Water Program will
continue to focus on regulatory development
for toxic contaminants as mandated in the
1986 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments.
The major contaminants to be covered in
1993 include inorganic and synthetic organic
chemicals, as well as radionuclides, and
arsenic. We will also target chemicals which
are used to disinfect drinking water, as well
as chemicals that are created as a result of
the disinfection process. Moreover, one of
the central goals of the Drinking Water
Program will be to identify human health
risks and develop sound and scientifically-
based criteria and methods to assess those
risks.
19
-------
DRINKING WATER
Expanded Public Water
Systems Supervision and
Increased State Capacity
This budget proposal will allow us to
CQntic ae expanding financial and technical
assistance to states, thereby helping them
adop the legal and administrative
authorities to implement and enforce the
new regulations. Agency personnel will help
states upgrade their data management
systems, certify more laboratories, evaluate
local systems, train operators, and enforce
the regulations.
As part of the our New Legislation
Theme, the Safe Drinking Water Act
Implementation Initiative will direct $58.9
million toward grant assistance to states
with primary enforcement responsibility
(primacy). State programs are facing a
multitude of changes, including standards
for additional contaminants, more stringent
monitoring, reporting and operating
requirements, and more rigorous and timely
enforcement. This support helps states
achieve and maintain the capacity to
implement and enforce the growing
regulatory framework.
Additional information and guidance
will be provided to both states and systems
to help ensure effective implementation of
the lead and copper rule, which will be the
most difficult rule to date for water systems
to implement. We will also establish special
courses to train owners and operators of
small systems in employing corrosion control
techniques.
Enhanced Drinking Water
Enforcement
Within the Drinking Water budget,
we propose to devote $6.2 million and 110
workyears toward enforcing compliance with
regulations that protect public water systems
and prevent contamination of underground
sources of drinking water. At Headquarters,
more staff will be dedicated to providing
national program support in defining
enforcement objectives, providing oversight
of program activities, and developing policy
and guidance. In the Regions, we will
enforce Drinking Water regulations in those
states with whom we have negotiated
enforcement agreements, as well as in non-
primacy states and Indian lands. Under this
program, all drinking water systems that
fall into significant noncompliance will
become priority targets of state and/or federal
compliance action.
Groundwater Protection
The President's Budget for drinking
water also includes $20.5 million and 252
workyears for groundwater protection. With
these resources, we will be able to implement
the recommendations of the Agency's
recently-released Ground-Water Task Force
Report. This Report sets forth an aggressive
approach to protecting the Nations's ground-
water resources and directs the course of the
Agency's efforts over the coming years. In
conjunction with this strategy, we will place
increased emphasis on prevention of ground-
water contamination. Such actions will
include helping local governments to institute
programs for protecting the area around
drinking water wells. Work will proceed on
improving geographic information systems,
which are fundamental tools for
understanding and preventing groundwater
contamination. The development of
educational and promotional materials will
continue, and will be aimed at state and local
officials, as well as the general public.
20
-------
DRINKING WATER
Research Supports Risk
Research in 1993 will decrease
slightly as the Agency's Drinking Water
program shifts from developing new
contaminant regulations to supporting state
implementation efforts through grants.
Research will support work to determine the
health effects of contaminants in public
drinking water, develop technologies to detect
and remove such contaminants, and protect
underground water supplies. Emphasis will
be placed on improving risk assessment
methodologies and on the health effects of
disinfectants and their by-products.
Research to protect gromndwater
water supplies will focus on three areas: (1)
developing risk assessment and management
strategies for wellhead protection managers;
(2) assessing the impact of agrochemical
contamination; and (3) determining ways to
'protect against contamination from
underground injection wells.
21
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
22
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
DOLLARS
WORKYEARS
$3824) M
+$14.1 M $346,1 M
19»3
INCREASE
1,661
+27
1,688
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PHESDJENT'S
BUDGET
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Hazardous Waste management
program develops, implements and enforces
sound national waste management practices
to ensure that our health and natural
environment are protected from the risks of
hazardous and solid waste. The Agency's
program is implemented primarily through
two environmental statutes: the Solid Waste
Disposal Act (SWDA) of 1965, as amended by
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1976 and the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984; and
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The
Agency's underground storage tanks (UST)
program is authorized by Subtitle I of the
SWDA, added as part of HSWA in 1984.
The President's 1993 Budget provides
$346.1 million and 1,688 workyears for the
Hazardous Waste program, increases of $ 14.1
million and 27 workyears over the 1992 levels.
The 1993 program supports increased
attention to reducing threats in high-risk
geographic areas, sound management of oil
and gas wastes under the Contaminated
Media initiative, and policy development and
enforcement associated with the export and
import of hazardous waste.
Since 1990, the Agency's Hazardous
Waste program has increased $79.6 million
and 287 workyears.
HIGHLIGHTS
State Partners Assist in
Reducing Threats in High-Risk
Geographic Areas
The state grant program provides
$102.3 million in 1993, an increase of $3.0
million from the 1992 level. Specific
geographic areas receiving increased
attention are the Gulf of Mexico, Mexican
border, Chesapeake Bay, and the Great Lakes
basin with increased attention on corrective
action.
The states continue to develop their
hazardous waste management programs with
the assistance of EPA. An important aspect
of the states' program is the clean-up of
RCRA hazardous waste facilities. The states
will continue, with EPA's assistance, to
prioritize facilities requiring corrective action
and stabilize, where appropriate, the worst
waste sites. The states will target
23
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
enforcement resources toward generators
with the greatest potential for pollution
prevention and at facilities in non-compliance
with corrective action orders.
The Agency also assists states in
implementing programs to prevent and detect
leaks -om underground storage tanks. States
use the Federal resources to leverage their
UST programs which focus primarily on
prevention.
State Capacity Building for Chemical
Accident Emergency Planning.
The 1993 President's budget provides
$10.3 million and 60 workyears for the
Emergency Planning and Comiuunity Right-
To-Know program (Title III), an increase of
$1,3 million and 1 workyear over 1992 levels.
Resources in the Title III program are
primarily for building state and local
capability to prevent and respond to chemical
accident releases. In addition, the Agency
will coordinate with the Department of
Transportation as DOT requests $1.0 million
for EPA to meet new Congressional mandates
under the Hazardous Materials
Transportation Uniform Safety Act. The
Agency will provide guidance and technical
assistance to state and local governments for
hazardous waste transportation planning and
responding to accidents.
Included in the Title III 1993
President's budget is $3.0 million and 14
workyears to meet Congressional mandates
of the Clean Air Act's accidental hazardous
waste release provisions. The release
provisions will enable the Agency and
facilities to prevent, detect, and respond to
accidental releases of hazardous pollutants
into the air.
A Strong National Enforcement Program
Is A Priority
EPA enforcement efforts will continue
as a top Agency priority and will compliment
state grant resources. The Agency's 1993
President's Budget for Hazardous Waste
enforcement is $72.2 million and 604
workyears, increases of $8.9 million and 14
workyears over the 1992 levels. Under the
Multi-Media Enforcement initiative, the
Agency will target resources at generators
with the greatest pollution prevention
potential and those in non-compliance with
corrective action orders. Increased
enforcement will occur in geographic areas
identified by the Agency as acute-risk.
The Agency will also target a greater
level of enforcement activity in geographic
areas such as the Great Lakes, the Gulf of
Mexico, Puget Sound, and the Chesapeake
Bay. Import and export notifications will be
tracked by the Agency and enforcement
actions taken against violators. The Agency
will continue the corrective action strategy of
facility prioritization based on risk and
stabilization of environmental damage where
appropriate.
Agency Relief on Strong Regional
Hazardous Waste
A strong Regional program must exist
toeffectively carry out the Nation's hazardous
waste laws. The 1993 President's budget for
EPA Regional program implementation is
$39.8 million and 466 workyears, increases
of $4.2 million and 5 workyears over 1992
levels. The Regions will support the Agency's
Gulf of Mexico initiative by assessing the
environmental risks and increasing the
permitting of facilities in the Gulf region.
Regional activities will promote the sound
24
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
management of oil and gas waste in specific
geographic areas by providing education and
technology transfer related to waste
minimization. The Regions will also provide
technical assistance to the states in their
efforts to assume authorization for the full
hazardous waste program. The Agency will
provide national guidance on solid waste,
specifically relating to states and Indian
Tribes implementation of the revised Subtitle
D landfill criteria.
The Regions will assist states and
localities implement the UST program. The
Regions provide regulatory review and
approval of state programs, assist in
developing alternative funding mechanisms,
and work to enhance state program
capabilities.
Strong Regulatory and
Assistance Program
The Agency is requesting $78.6 million
and 322 workyears to support its national
hazardous and solid waste regulatory
programs. National program direction will
be provided for the oil and gas program which
is supported through the Contaminated
Media initiative. Promulgation of hazardous
waste regulations for the growing universe of
facilities, wastes, and handlers will continue,
including promulgation of remanded rules.
The Agency will provide guidance and
technical assistance to the Regions and states
as they implement the corrective action
prioritization scheme. Guidance and
technical assistance will be provided to Indian
Tribes in the hazardous and solid waste areas.
The Agency will continue to promote pollution
prevention by integrating waste minimization
components into permitting and regulatory
development. The Agency will provide
assistance to the Regions, states and Indian
Tribes as they implement the revised Subtitle
D landfill criteria.
The Agency will provide assistance to
states, localities, and Indian Tribes as they
implement the underground storage tank
program. The Agency will continue to develop
and promote improved technical methods
focusing on site inspections and enforcement.
Research Re focus on Hazardous Waste
The Hazardous Waste Research
Program is requesting $42.9 million and 237
workyears in 1993, Research on hazardous
waste will be refocusing from developing
scientific and technical information on
disposal concerns to higher priority research
concerns dealing with the New Legislation
Theme, e.g. Clean Air Act research. EPA will
continue research in determining safe and
effective means for disposing of and
controlling hazardous wastes. This involves
research on municipal solid waste treatment
technologies; engineering treatment
technologies at RCRA corrective action sites;
bioremediation; and innovative pollution
prevention technologies for disposing of
municipal wastes. These figures include
funding for the Oil Pollution Act.
25
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
26
-------
PESTICIDES
DOLLARS
$iia4M
M $12A8M
1993
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
L194 -64
1983
DECREASE
U30
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
10B3
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The Agency's 1993 budget for
pesticides supports the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1988 which
mandates the reregistration of pesticides.
ThebudgetbighMghtstheAgency'sinitiatives
in Food Safety, Pollution Prevention and
Improved Knowledge Base. The initiatives
will continue to be strengthened with an
increase in the pesticides program regional
and headquarters workforce. The regulatory
and non-regulatory pesticides programs will
continue to be coordinated at the regional
and state levels to ensure a safe national
food supply through safer pesticides and
pollution prevention efforts in the agriculture
sector and data quality enhancements to
build the Agency's knowledge base.
The Agency is requesting a total of
1,130 workyears and $128.8 million for the
1993 pesticide programs, which reflects a
decrease of 64 workyears and an increase of
$12,4 million from 1992, The request will
allow the Agency to continue to support the
existing food safety initiatives, the
development of special tolerance and residue
data and pesticide registration. The Agency
will also provide resources for enforcement
activities.
HIGHLIGHTS
Pesticides Reregistration Confronts
Food Saety Issues
The pesticides reregistration program
will continue to serve consumers, growers,
and the food industry as the Agency's
scientific reviews target uncertain risks
associated with "older" pesticides. The
Agency depends on accurate data from
registrants on products and the registrants'
efforts to update growers on critical pesticides
issues. Growers are encouraged to conduct
pesticide residue studies in the marketplace
and implement alternative pesticide
management practices in an effort to reduce
the burden on the environment. All groups
are key to the success in providing the nation
with an abundant food supply, while
maintaining human and environmental
health.
The Agency requests a total of 226
workyears in Headquarters to administer
tile pesticides reregistration program which
will be supported by the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. This
fund is financed by user fees on holders of
27
-------
PESTICIDES
existing pesticide registrations. The
maintenance fees were increased in 1992 by
recent amendments to the Farm Bill of 1990
in order to collect the full statutory ceiling
level of $14 million per year. Additional
funding of $18 million and 190 workyears is
also requested for this program from
appropriated funds. Although previously
supported by the Fund, 28 pesticides
enforeament workyears will be funded by the
Agenci/'s appropriated account and will
continue to equip the program with
compliance monitoring at the headquarters
and regional levels.
Groundwater and Farmworker
Protection Highlight Regional
Agendas
The Agency is requesting a total of 60
workyears and $19.3 million for regional
programs and state support. An increase in
regional workforce and grants will implement
the farmworker and groundwater protection
programs at the state and local levels.
Regional expertise will provide technical
assistance to states in designing and
implementing site-specific groundwater
management plans. As the plans are realized,
the Agency's goals of ensuring safer drinking
water for the public and protecting wildlife
habitats will be enhanced. The Worker
Protection Standard will give the Regions
the necessary support to increase outreach
activities through grants to states and Indian
tribes, including guidance materials and
workshops targeting key worker protection
issues in the agricultural communities.
The Farm Bill Pesticide Usage
Survey Addresses Health and
Ecological Risks
The Farm Bill of 1990 requires the
Agency to coordinate implementation of the
Pesticide Usage Survey with the United
States Department of Agriculture, The
Agency requests a total of $1.5 million to
implement the survey in 1993. Both
agricultural and nonagricultural pesticide
applicators that are required to keep records
on restricted use pesticides will be targeted.
The data will be incorporated into a national
database from which an annual report will
be jointly prepared by the agencies to enhance
pesticide research and promote public
awareness.
Multimedia Enforcement Programs
Augment Regional and State
Groundwater Protection Efforts
A total of 139 workyears and $26.2
million will support the pesticide program
enforcement endeavors. The Agency will
award grants to states to enhance
groundwater protection efforts through
workshops for state inspectors as a part of
the Agency's overall groundwater protection
strategy. Regional programs will also provide
support for state multimedia compliance
programs as they link to other Federal
jurisdictions. In addition, inspection of
laboratories and audits of studies on pesticide
reregistration decisions will provide a vital
force behind the Agency's Good Lab Practices
program, required by the regulations under
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act of 1988. Such activities will
not only sustain the programs' integrity, but
will also validate the Agency's knowledge
base.
Pesticides Programs Continue to
Improve Information Management
and Reduce Environmental Hazards
The President's Budget provides for
a total of 593 workyears and $64 million to
continue the existing pesticides programs.
Additional resources will support the
Improved Knowledge Base initiative through
scientific evaluation of health and safety
data forinert chemicals. A coordinated intra-
28
-------
PESTICIDES
agency activity will continue to update the
database on the toxicefiects of inert chemicals
in an effort to reduce environmental hazards
from exposure. In addition, studies on the
efficacy of antimicrobial (disinfectants)
products and registration of new chemicals
and new biologicals will continue. Of this
request, $7 million will fund the storage of
2,4,5-T/silvex pesticide stocks, until a
permitted facility is available for disposal of
the stocks.
Research Increase* Address Human
Exposure to Pesticides
Pesticides research will continue to
focus on reducing risks to human health, and
the environment from pesticide misuse. Hie
Agency is requesting 111 workyears and
$15.8 million, which reflects an increase of
$1.3 million in 1933. The Agency will expand
research on neurotoricity health concerns
from exposure to pesticides along with their
effects on reproductive systems. This is in
conjunction with research being conducted
in the Toxics Research Program on
neurotoxici ty concerns from toxics exposure.
Research wi 11 also continue on worker safety,
pesticides disposal issues, and evaluation of
the effects of biotechnology products on
humans and the environment.
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
30
-------
RADIATION
DOLLARS
$38.8 M +$2.3 M $41.1 M
1993
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
313
WOKKYEARS
+12
325
1993
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The Office of Radiation Programs
carries out the Agency's radiation activities
to protect the public health and the
environment from avoidable and accidental
exposure to radiation.
Hie 1993 President's Budget provides
$41.1 million and 325 workyears, an increase
of $2.3 million and 12 workyears over 1992.
The activities within the radiation program
will support the Clean Air Act and indoor air
initiatives. The Office of Air and Radiation
(OAR) will continue to implement the radon
action program, monitor background
radiation, and participate in emergency
preparedness and response activities. The
Agency will also provide technical assistance
on federal facility clean-ups and support
standards development to the extent called
for in the Clean Air Act, Atomic Energy Act
and the Indoor Radon Abatement Act.
HIGHLIGHTS
EPA Addresses Radon in Homes,
Schools, and the Workplace
In 1993, the President's budget
provides $27.4 million and 109 workyears
for the Headquarters and Regional radon
program. These resources support the
Agency's indoor air initiative and underscore
the importance of indoor air quality as one of
the higher human health risks EPA
addresses.
In 1993, the Radon Action Program
will continue to develop and implement
innovative, non-regulatory programs to
promote action on radon. Assertive citizen
outreach will continue as OAR undertakes
efforts to motivate public in-home testing,
mitigation, and pollution prevention
initiatives. The program will continue to
evaluate the capability of firms in the radon
measurement and mitigation field, and will
implement a national survey to determine
the extent of the radon problems in
workplaces across the country. The program
will carry out its mandates under IRAA and
tile Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
1990 to collect fees through the proficiency
rating and training program. Additionally,
the radiation program will provide $8.2
million in State assistance funds for targeted
efforts based on risk.
31
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Efforts in the Clean Air Act
The President's budget provides $6.6
miEion and 62 workyears for radiation
standards and implementation. Under the
Clean Air Act initiative, EPA will define a
majoi source for airborne radionuclides as
well as individual SOUK* categories. EPA
will also evaluate the adequacy of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission's program to achieve
an adequate margin of safety in the oversight
of NRC licensees. In 1993, the Agency will
continue implementation of the existing
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) forradionudides
and work toward State delegation of the
radionuclide NESHAPS program.
Radiation Monitoring and Emergency
Response Efforts Continue
In 1993, the Agency is requesting
$4.0 million and 51 workyears to continue to
monitor ambient radiation levels through its
Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring Systems (ERAMS), monitor
rocket launches in which radioactive
materials are involved, and maintain nuclear
response capabilities. The program will
continue to support the development of
radiation standards, criteria, and guidelines
through analysis of health effects and
economic impacts.
Radiation's Role in Federal
Facility Clean-ups
The President's budget provides 20
workyears for federal facility clean-ups. EPA
will provide coordination, oversight and
technical support among Regional and
Headquarters offices to ensure that
radioactively contaminated federal facilities
are cleaned up to acceptable EPA risk levels
consistent with tile requirements of the
federal facility agreements. EPA's efforts
will enhance regional support for site specific
problems, improve laboratory support and
produce operational controls for clean-up
activities.
Regional Offices Address Radioactive
Contamination and Radon
In 1993, the budget provides $3.1
million and 57 workyears. The Regions will
provide technical assistance to States for
emergency response planning, continue the
assessment and mitigation of radioactively
contaminated sites, and review and make
decisions on applications from regulated
facilities for construction permits,
modifications to facilities and waivers and
exemptions.
The Regions will also continue to work
with the States to implement the Agency's
Radon Action Program. Regional staff will
work with States to conduct EPA-assisted
statewide surveys, and will help States that
have completed their surveys to interpret
the results and design effective follow-up
programs. The Regions will continue to
provide information to States and members
of the public. They will participate in and
conduct educational programs and
workshops for State and local officials,
contractors, and the general public.
Radiation Research Supports
Radon Abatement
Research will continue to provide
scientific information on the exposure to and
the effects of radioactive materials in the
environment. This research is essential for
EPA's Office of Radiation Programs, other
Federal agencies and State and local
32
-------
RADIATION
governments dealing with environmental
concerns about radioactive materials. The
Agency requests $5.1 million and 84
workyears for 1993, an increase of almost
$1.6 million. The emphasis in 1993 research
is on radon. Research will focus on mitigation
techniques in homes, schools and large
buildings to teach homeowners and builders
techniques for reducing radon levels in
buildings.
This budget also continues research
about the conditions under which
electromagnetic radiation may promote
cancer. Finally, EPA wUl continue to monitor
off-site radionuclide emissions around
nuclear test sites in Nevada under an
interagency agreement with the Department
of Energy (DOE).
33
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
34
-------
MULTIMEDIA
DOLLARS
+S38.7M $259.2 M
$220.5 M
1993
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
934
WORKmARS
+91
1,025
1993
INCREASE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
EPA's response to environmental
problems today involves a more
comprehensive cross-media approach.
Environmental problems by their nature are
complicated and require a broad scientific
base of knowledge to fully understand them
and assess effective solutions. In addition,
the Agency's new multimedia enforcement
approach is to make enforcement more cost-
effective.
EPA's Multimedia Program consists
of activities that promote an integrated
approach to environmental protection and
that provide cross-media support to Agency
media programs. Major activities in this
media include: coordination of pollution
prevention assistance grants; legal support
for enforcement actions; civil and criminal
investigations; compliance and enforcement
of Federal facilities; and research and
development.
In 1993,EPArequestsatotalof$259.2
million and 1,025 workyears for Multimedia
Programs, This represents an increase of
$38.7 million and 91 workyears from 1992.
Increases in Multimedia Programs support
six Agency Themes in 1993. They are:
Pollution Prevention,
Improved Knowledge Base,
International,
Clusters,
Facility and Management, and
Strengthen Enforcement
HIGHLIGHTS
EPA's Multimedia Approach to
Pollution Prevention Continues
EPA is committed to expanding
pollution prevention activities in every media.
The 1993 Budget reflects the transfer of the
Office ofPollution Prevention from the Office
of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation to the
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic
Substances. This transfer will strengthen
the Agency's commitment to reduce risks of
pollutants at the source, consolidate Agency
strategic planning to consider pollution
prevention, improve evaluation of source
reduction alternatives, and enhance
multimedia enforcement activities. A total
of $11.9 million and 21 workyears are
provided for these activities in 1993.
35
-------
MULTIMEDIA
A total of $6.0 million in grants will
assist states in developing programs that
target reduction of hazardous pollutants at
the source. This effort will improve the
states* abilities to evaluate alternatives to
reduce source emissions and develop
multimedia programs that target
opportunities in the agricultural and
industrial sectors to prevent pollution.
EPA's 1993 Budget will continue to
support creative and innovative projects that
focus on non-regulatory approaches to
preventing pollution in the energy,
agriculture, and private sector. Projects will
include activities on education, training,
technical assistance, and multimedia
enforcement. All of these projects are
designed to build and support state pollution
prevention efforts.
Budget Emphasizes Stronger
Environmental Enforcement
The Agency's enforcement programs
are moving towards a multimedia
enforcement approach. This multimedia
enforcement approach includes combining
various media compliance activities with the
Agency's legal, civil, and criminal
enforcement resources. This multimedia
approach develops a more systematic and
cost-effective method of ensuring compliance
and pursuing enforcement actions effectively
when needed. Included is EPA's National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC)
which provides specialized expertise to
prepare legal cases.
The 1993 Budget will provide an
additional 31 workyears to implement tile
Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990. This new
Act requires a higher number of civil and
criminal investigators within EPA.
Additional resources will also be provided to
support the new National Enforcement
Training Institute (NETI) which trains
environmental enforcement officials at the
federal, state and local levels.
EPA Supports President's
Commitment of Environmental
Compliance bv Federal Agencies
As part of the Agency's "Federal
Facilities" Initiative, EPA's Budget is
increasing by 8 workyears to enhance
environmental compliance and enforcement
programs at Federal facilities. This increase
will facilitate additional negotiated Federal
Facility Compliance Agreements and ensure
Federal agencies comply with environmental
requirements at their facilities. EPA also
intends to promote greater multimedia
approaches for environmental compliance at
Federal facilities.
Research Increases to Improve
Knowlede Base
EPA's Multimedia research program
consists of research activities that cross media
program boundaries to help with complex
environmental issues. These multimedia
research activities include conducting
ecological and health risk assessments,
conducting cross-media research on specific
pollutants (e.g. Lead), supporting exploratory
research grants and academic research
centers, enhancing technology transfer
activities, and assuring the quality of
scientific data collected. The Multimedia
research program also includes resources
that maintain the Agency's science research
infrastructure such as scientific
instrumentation and operating expenses for
EPA's research laboratories.
36
-------
MULTIMEDIA
The 1993 Multimedia Research
Program request is $176.6 million and 226
workyears, which is an increase of $22.9
million and 31 workyears from 1992. The
1993 Budget provides additional resources
for such programs as the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program and
the Lead research program. Additional
resources are also included to support Federal
interagency research programs sponsored
by the Federal Coordinating Council on
Science, Engineering and Technology
(FCCSET) such as in the area of advanced
materials and high performance computing.
Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program
Total funding for the Environmental
Monitoring Assessment Program (EMAP) is
$45.5 million. The EMAP program supports
a key Initiative of the Agency's "Improved
Knowledge Base" theme. Major emphasis of
EMAP in 1993 will be to improve the Federal
government's abilities to assess the status of
our nation's ecological systems, such as
wetlands, and explore how these ecosystems
are affected by human activities. Increases
will support pilot studies that determine the
environmental status of agroecosystems,
forests, lakes, and prairie potholes.
Demonstration projects will also be conducted
to assess the environmental conditions of
the Great Lakes, agroecosystems, forests,
and salt marshes.
Multimedia Increases go to Agency
and Interagency Research
A total of $71.2 million and 4
workyears is planned in 1993 to provide
research for both multimedia concerns (Lead
abatement) and interagency concerns
(FCCSET). Increases include an Agency
emphasis to research methods on abating
human exposure to Lead. Interagency
activities that increase include FCCSET
programs to advance the use of high
performance computers for complex natural
environmental modeling and enhancing the
use of "advanced materials" by considering
environmental factors in their development
and application.
Improving EPA's Research
Infrastructure
EPA is requesting a total of $49.6
million in 1993 to continue rebuilding the
Agency's scientific infrastructure. These
investments will enable EPA laboratories to
meet increasing operating expenses related
to research projects (such as Clean Air Act
research), purchase new instrumentation to
replace aging scientific equipment on a more
routine and cost-effective basis, and provide
increased training and scientific exchange
opportunities for researchers.
37
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
38
-------
Toxic SUBSTANCES
DOLLARS
$156.8 M -$29.9 M
889
WORKYEARS
+14
903
$126.9 M
1883
DECHEAHE
1992
CUHHENT
ESTIMATE
1W3
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1W2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1&93
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Toxic Substances program
develops, implements, and enforces a
progressive toxics management program
which reduces the threat of pollution to
human health and our natural environment.
The Agency is committed to a pollution
prevention program which will reduce toxic
emissions in our environment. By
encouraging industries to identify and
implement profitable designs that will reduce
pollution sources, the Agency will make
significant strives towards increasing
environmental protection.
The toxic substances program
legislative authority for reducing toxic
exposure is contained primarily in five
environmental statutes: Toxic Substances
Control Act; Asbestos School Hazard
Abatement Act; Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act; Title IU of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act; and
the Pollution Prevention Ad
The request reflects the Agency's
strong commitment to pollution prevention
in con tinuing implementation of the Agency's
lead strategy, part of the Clusters theme,
enforcement of legislative requirements of
the Toxic Release Inventory program in the
Pollution Prevention theme, and improve
data management through the Improved
Knowledge Base theme.
The Agency is requesting a total of
$126.9 million and 903 workyears for the
1993 toxics program. This is an increase of
14 workyears and a decrease of $29.9 million
from 1992. The increase supports Lead
strategy, information management,
implementation of the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, and the voluntary toxics
reduction program. This also reflects the
elimination of the 1992 congressional
appropriation level for asbestos abatement
loans and grants for school districts.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Lead Cluster Theme
Reduces Hazardous Exposure
in the Environment
The Agency will continue to ensure
the protection of human health against the
hazards of lead contamination in the
environment and protection of the ecosystem
in the future. The focus of the lead strategy
is to reduce sources of Lead poisoning
39
-------
Toxic SUBSTANCES
commonly found in home and work
environments, reducing exposure of lead-
base paint, toxic lead emissions, and
expansion of recycling through various
industrial uses of Lead.
This request continues the Agency's
coordination of a lead-based paint program
with the Department of Health and Human
Services and the Department of Housing
and Urban Development, including the
development of certification and training
materials with university-based training
programs, public education of risk
communication, state accreditation, and
program development.
The increases support the state/
regional partnership expansion of the Lead
risk management programs, identifying and
targeting high risk geographic areas for
children. This regional lead program not
only heightens public awareness of lead
exposure, but also encourages implemen-
tation of environmentally sound recycling
programs to reduce lead found in soil and
dust particles. The Agency is requesting
$7.4 million and 13 workyears to continue
implementation and coordination of lead
activities.
Pollution Prevention Moves Toxics
Programs Agenda Forward
The resources requested for the
Pollution Prevention theme in the toxics
programs will promote and strengthen
efforts to reduce exposure to toxic emissions
in the environment. The Agency will expand
its involvement state and regional level
partnerships by promoting voluntary
industry pollution prevention efforts through
the non regulatory toxic emission reduction
programs. The Agency will provide outreach
and technical assistance to the states for the
development of programs which reduce the
release of industrial toxic pollutants in the
environment.
Data Integration of Chemical
Information Improves Agency
Knowledge Base
The Agency will support the Improved
Knowledge theme and information
management initiative in Unking the existing
databases with the Toxic Release Inventory
data system. This data will serve as a baseline
to the Agency's improved ability to measure
the success of reducing the release of
industrial toxic pollutants in the
environment. There are substantial
pollution prevention benefits in linking the
expanded Toxic Release Inventory database
to existing chemical inform a tion and program
expertise, such as: improving the quality of
the database, improved public access to
chemical information, and planning local
community accident prevention programs.
The resources requested will enhance
data collection and maintain records for
public use and consumption through modern
technology. Such enhancements will also
support Title III of the Superfund
Amendments Reauthorization Act, Pollution
Prevention Act and the Clean Air Act
Amendments. The Agency is requesting
$1.0 million for this activity.
Enforcement and Asbestos
Abatement Activities
in the Toxics Programs
The Agency's toxic substances
enforcement program will continue to operate
its enforcement of Toxic Substances Control
Act regulations. The Agency continues to
encourage participation of state agencies'
compliance monitoring programs through
cooperative enforcement agreements and
development of enforcement activities
conducive to their own state regulations.
The Agency will continue its use of Toxic
Release Inventory data to enhance
international cooperation risk reduction
activities through technical transfer.
40
-------
Toxic SUBSTANCES
As in past years, the Agency has not
cam ed forward the congressionally directed
asbestos loan and grant program. The
Administration contends that this loan and
grant program should be eliminated since it
is largely the respon-sibOity of state and
local agencies. The states should be
addressing the remaining problems
themselves or go to low priority projects that
do not represent a significant environmental
threat. Since 1985, the program has already
greatly reduced the asbestos problem by
providing over $340 million in federal funds
to over 1,000 local education agencies. At
least 35 states have enacted more than 60
asbestos-related laws and nearly half of the
states have financing provisions in the laws.
Research Increases for
Neurotoxicity Studies
The Toxics Research Program will
continue to focus on reducing risks to human
health and the environment from exposure
to toxic chemicals. EPA is requesting 186
workyears and $26.8 million in 1993. This
represents an increase of $1.5 million.
Research will address neurotoxicity health
concerns of toxics exposure. This is in
conjunction with research being conducted
in the Pesticides Research Program on
neurotoxicity concerns from pesticide
exposure. Research will continue to support
the toxic substances program by developing
data on structure activity relationships of
chemicals, helping to assess human and
environmental exposure to chemicals, and
assessing health and environmental effects
from chemicals in commerce, especially
reproductive and neurological effects.
41
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
(MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
DOLLARS
$550.8 M
+$52.1 M
^=^
$602.9 M
1903
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
19S3
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
ajm
WORKYEARS
-39
1903
DECHEASE
3,122
1991
CUHHENT
ESTIMATE
1983
PRESTOENTS
BUDGET
The Management and Support
program provides executive direction and
policy oversight for all Agency programs, as
well as those administrative and support
services that are not assigned to a specific
program. The components of this medium
are Program Management, Agency
Management, Regional Management, and
Support Costs. These activities are carried
out through the work of the Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation, the Office of
International Activities, the Office of
Administration and Resources Management,
the Office of the General Counsel, and the
Administrator's Office.
The 1993 budget supports enhanced
efforts to improve the Agency's economic and
analytic capabilities; an expanded
international leadership role for EPA; and
enhanced efforts aimed at improving the
Agency's data integration efforts. Other
administrative initiatives emphasized in the
budget include: enhancing employee
development; integrating EPA's
administrative systems; and providing for
enhancements and cost increases in Agency
support services.
The President's 1993 budget provides
$602.9 million and 3,122 workyears to fund
Management and Support activities under
the Agency's operating programs, an increase
of $52.1 million and a decrease of 39
workyears from 1992,
HIGHLIGHTS
The Office of Policy, Planning,
and Evaluation Will Focus On
Improving the Agency's Economic
and(Analytic Capability
In 1993, the Office ofPolicy, Planning,
and Evaluation (OPPE) will be funded at a
level of $51.2 million and 352 workyears.
This represents an increase of $3.7 million
and 4 workyears over the 1992 level.
OPPE's activities in 1993 will provide
critical support to a number of theme areas
highlighted in the Agency's budget. OPPE
will play a lead role in helping to strengthen
the Agency's knowledge base through
improved economic and analytic capability,
focusing on developing flexible, market-based
43
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
approaches to environmental protection,
assessing the economic effects of
environmental policies, and conducting
economic and scientific analyses relating to
the Clean Air Act regulations and other
rules as well as to global climate change
policies. In an effort to better link
environmental statistics and strategic
planning, OPPE will concentrate on better
use of data in. identifying Agency priorities
and assessing programs, especially in using
environmental indicators to track trends.
In support of the Agency's
International theme, OPPE will continue to
have lead responsibility for important aspects
of the global climate change program. OPPE's
work will complement work done by other
EPA offices, other agencies, and international
organizations by providing a thorough
analysis of possible resulting economic
impacts. This knowledge will enable OPPE
to assess international climate change
agreements, forest agreement, energy options
and technology cooperation to reduce
greenhouse gases. OPPE will also focus on
issues related to trade and the environment,
where OPPE will assess the linkages between
international trade, competitiveness and
environmental policy options.
The Agency Will Increase its
International Impact Through
Targeted
The 1993 budget provides $10.3
million and 75 workyears for the Office of
International Activities (OLA), a decrease of
$1.2 million and an increase of 6 workyears
over 1992.
OLA will play a pivotal role in advising
the Administrator on international
environmental issues and will exercise lead
responsibility within EPA for devising
strategies to advance the U.S. environmental
position overseas. In 1993, OLA will focus
particular attention on coordinating the
Agency's activities in the U.S/Mexico Border
area. These activities are designed to tackle
critical sewage and drinking water needs, as
well as address air quality, enforcement, and
hazardous waste transport issues. OLA will
also continue to increase the international
transfer of appropriate technology.
OIA will facilitate Agency
participation in bilateral agreements on
mutual environmental problems with
Canada and Mexico. It will also coordinate
Agency cooperative research and
development programs with Japan,
Germany, and other industrialized nations,
and revise and expand relations with Eastern
Europe and other nations formerly part of
the Soviet Union. OIA will continue to
support the Center on the Regional
Environment of Central and Eastern Europe
to promote solutions to transboundary air
and water pollution problems.
The Office of Administration and
Resources Management Will Focus
On Ensuring The Quality And
Integrity Of Processes And Services
Provided To The Agency
The 1993 budget provides $112.0
million and 1,674 workyears for the
Headquarters and Regional components of
the Office of Administration and Resources
Management (OARM). This represents an
increase of $13.6 million and decrease of 30
workyears from 1992.
In 1993, OARM willfocus on providing
effective and quality service to its clients
throughout the Agency. The OARM budget
includes additional resources to implement
activities in a number of the Agency's theme
areas, including the Facility and
Management, Improved Knowledge Base,
and International themes.
44
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
In support of the Agency's Facility
and Management theme, increased resources
for implementation of the Chief Financial
Officers'Act of 1990 will ensure the Agency's
commitment to sound, "business-like"
financial management and internal
oversight. In addition, the Office of Human
Resources Management will continue the
revitalization of the recruitment program to
help attract and retain superior employees.
In 1993, OARM is requesting
significant resources for the implementation
of Geographic Information Systems.
Increases in funding for this Improved
Knowledge Base theme will be used to acquire
state-of-the-art technology to gather and
interpret data that is being collected not only
from EPA, but also NASA and other Federal
and state agencies. Additional resources,
requested under the Geographic and
Ecological theme, will be provided for the
Great Lakes National Program data
management and integration effort.
Under the International theme,
additional resources have been requested
for improving the international
competitiveness of American environmental
firms through the expansion of
environmental technology exports to Mexico
and the European community. Additional
funding has also been requested to provide
the expertise to help build an international
data sharing network and extend support to
the Budapest and Caribbean centers.
Support Services
The budget contains $296.0 million
dollars for Agency-wide support services, an
increase of $35.9 million over 1992.
Additional resources will be directed to costs
associated with inflation and contract rate
increases in rental payments to GSA for
Agency facilities, Federal Tele-
communications System (FTS) costs, and
security. Additional funding has also been
provided for preliminary telecommunications
costs, and detailed space plans and layouts
for EPA's new Headquarters building. An
increase in resources is requested for the
initial contractor-provided operations costs
for the Agency's ae w Supercomputing Center
in Bay City, Michigan.
Buildines and Facilities
The Agency's Buildings and Facilities
(B&F) request focuses on improving the
working conditions in our buildings and
laboratories by rehabilitating existing
structures when cost-effective. In 1993
President's Budget, the Agency is requesting
a total of $42.1 million for B&F.
A significant portion of the funding in
this account will be devoted to upgrading
design and construction features for the new
EPA Headquarters in the Federal Triangle
Office Building. Another major investment
in new facilities construction is for the
planning, design, and construction of a three-
story office on the grounds of the Agency's A.
W. Breindenbach Environmental Research
Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The Office of General Counsel
Will Continue to Provide Critical
Agency Legal Services
The budget for legal services supports
a total of $20.5 million and 278 workyears to
provide legal advice and assistance to both
Headquarters and Regional managers. This
represents an increase of $2.7 million and 1
workyear over 1992.
The increased resources will provide
additional legal support for Clean Air Act
implementation and the Great Lakes
initiative. The Office of General Counsel's
resources will permit continued legal
45
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
consistency in policy development and
decision-making throughout the Agency. The
Office of General Counsel will continue to
represent the Agency in all major regulatory
actions, and ensure that legal errors are
avoided and legal positions are presented in
the most persuasive manner.
Major New Environmental Education
and Small Community Initiatives
Will Be Funded Through The Office
Administrator
The budget contains $51.8 million
and 502 workyears for the Headquarters
and Regional components of the Office of the
Administrator. This represents an increase
of $6,2 million,
Increased resources have been
provided for the Environmental Education
theme and the small communities initiative
within OA's budget. The Office ofEducation,
Communications, and Public Affairs is
provided $8.3 million and 4 workyears to
permit expansion of outreach programs and
support for the National Environmental
Education and Training Foundation.
The President's Budget also provides
additional funding to the Office of Regional
Operations and State and Local Relations
(OROSLR) for the Agency's small
communities initiative. This increase will
enable OROSLR to initiate an integrated
public outreach effort to assist States, local
governments, and small communities in the ir
implementation of the Agency's
environmental programs on a local level,.
Additionally, an increase of $0.5 million is
included in OA's budget for a comprehensive
environmental statistics project which will
be completed in conjunction with the Council
on Environmental Quality.
46
-------
OFFICE OF THE
INSPECTOR
GENERAL
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
48
-------
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
$41.2 M
DOLLARS
+$4.2 M $45.4 M
t
1993
INCREASE
WORKYEARS
+94
461
367
1993
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The Office of the Inspector General is
responsible for auditing EPA's programs and
financial activities, investigating allegations
of possible criminal or civil violations, and
promoting efficient and effective operations
within the Agency.
The total 1993 budget for the Office of
Inspector General appropriation is $45.4
million and 461 workyears, an increase of
$4.2 million and 94 workyears over 1992. A
portion of this appropriation ($4.5 million) is
assigned to the Office of Administration and
Resources Management to provide
appropriate support services.
The Office oflnspector General (OIG)
consists of three distinct components:
Management, Superfund, and Leaking
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST). The
Management portion is appropriated with
General Revenue funds and covers the
activities of the Agency's operating and
construction grants programs. The
Superfund and LUST portions of the OIG
appropriation are derived from the
Hazardous Substance and LUST trust funds,
and are for OIG activities related specifically
to the programs funded by the trust funds.
HIGHLIGHTS
In 1993, the Office of Inspector
General budget for the Management portion
of the appropriation is $28.3 million and 300
workyears. This represents an increase of
$2.7 million and 34 workyears. In 1993 the
OIG will support implementation of the
Agency's management and financial integrity
initiative by providing additional audit and
investigative personnel for work in the area
of procurement and contracts management,
in the Agency's financial management
system, and in implementing the Chief
Financial Officer Act of 1990. The OIG will
continue to provide a balanced and sustained
audit presence in conducting performance
audits in all major programs, in
strengtheninginternal controls, in improving
operational efficiency and effectiveness, and
in ensuring the integrity of Agency
procurements to achieve the maximum
environmental benefit with available
resources.
49
-------
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
In 1993 the OIG will expand audit
coverage in the financial management area,
including the Agency's financial statements,
to ensure that the accounting systems and
financial reports are accurate and reliable.
To better meet the Agency's needs, additional
support will be provided for financial audits
of contracts and procurement management.
More audits and investigations of
procurement and contract/grant
management will help ensure that EPA's
extensive contract dollars are used most
effectively and efficiently.
The OIG will continue to audit EPA's
construction grants and State Revolving
Funds. In addition, the OIG will conduct
additional audits and investigations focusing
on improving the integrity of scientific data,
research, and analysis crucial to EPA. OIG
will emphasize high impact investigations of
procurement fraud and aggressively pursue
new initiatives including fraud in Agency
funded research. The Office will also continue
its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing
its activities, helping EPA employees identify
areas sensitive to fraud, and developing new
fraud detection tools and methods.
Superfund
The Office of the Inspector General
provides a total of $16.4 million and 156
workyears for Superfund activities. This is
an increase of $ 1.5 million and 60 workyears,
to be derived from the Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund. In support of the Agency's
management and financial integrity
initiative, OIG will significantly increase
the amount of resources applied to audits
and investigations of the Superfund program,
particularly in the area of procurement and
contracts. To improve its ability to respond
to Agency needs, the OIG will redirect
extramural contract resources to expand its
in-house audit capacity. Also, the OIG will
establish a new division to broaden
procurement related investigations. The
OIG will also comply with the new audit
requirements of tile Chief Financial Officer
Act of 1990. The OIG will focus additional
resources on audits and investigations of the
management and integrity of scientific data
crucial to Agency regulatory decisions.
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks (LUST)
The Office of the Inspector General
provides a total of $636 thousand and 4
workyears for LUST activities, an increase
of $13 thousand, to be derived from the
LUST Trust Fund. These resources will
support continued contract and management
audits and provide for expansion of LUST
investigations.
50
-------
SUPERFUND
51
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
§2
-------
SUPERFUND
DOLLARS
+$133.8 M
$1,750.0 M
/
3,602
WORKTEARS
+2
3,604
1993
INCREASE
CUBKENT
ESTIMATE
IMS
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1992
CUHHENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, charges the
Agency with the responsibility for protecting
human health and the environment by
providing emergency response when
hazardous substances are released into the
environment and to cleanup, or remediate,
Superfund sites with uncontrolled hazardous
wastes. Superfund activities are financed by
taxes on petroleum and certain chemical
feedstocks, a corporate environmental tax,
fines, penalties, general revenues, and the
recovery of Superfund expenditures from
potentially responsible parties (PRPs).
The 1993 President's Budget provides
$1,750.0 million in budget authority
supported by 3,604 workyears, an increase
of $133.8 million and two workyears over
1992. For the fourth year in a row, the
Administration is requesting a substantial
increase in Superfund. Congress has
consistently reduced the Superfund budget,
decreasing program funding from requested
levels by $467 million in the past three
years. The increased request represents a
continued commitment to meet Agency
responsibilities to protect human health and
the environment. The Agency's strategy will
emphasize aggressive enforcement to compel
PRPs to pay for cleanups, balanced against
an increased investment of Trust Fund
dollars devoted to clean up sites. In addition,
the Agency will continue to support military
base closure activities and the oversight of
cleanups at Federal facilities.
HIGHLIGHTS
The "Enforcement-First" Initiative
The Superfund Enforcement program
continues to identify PRPs, compel them to
perform and/or finance cleanups, monitor
PRP activities for compliance with
agreements, take action against PRPs that
do not comply with their agreements, and
recover Government expenditures from
PRPs. The Agency is requesting $225.0
million and 1,629 workyears for 1993, an
increase of $8.4 million over 1992. Increased
emphasis will be placed on identifying PRPs
for de minim is settlements, compliance
monitoring, and taking enforcement actions
against non-complying PRPs. The
Department of Justice (DOJ) will receive
$32.3 million to continue supporting the
Superfund caseload.
53
-------
SUPERFUND
Balancing Aggressive Enforcement With An Increased Investment in Cleanup
(PBP Mttbunents indicate an CBtunate of private patty dollurs to be spent on future projects)
»I-3B
Trust Pond $ f of Fund-Knaneed
Invested in Cleanup RI/FS, RDand RA
14t
# of PRP RI/FS,
Note: Dollars shown for PRP settlements and Trust Fund include study (RI/FS), design (RD),
construction (RA) and emergency activities.
Program Will Emphasize Site
Cleanup Actions
The Agency will concentrate resources
on the completion of cleanups, financed by
both the Trust Fund and PRPs, as more sites
move to the construction stage. The Agency
is requesting $1,342.4 million supported by
1,325 workyears for site response, an increase
of $108.0 million. The Response program is
the core of the Superfund program and
includes the investigation of sites that may
require cleanup, selection of cleanup method
(remedial investigation/feasibility study or
RI/FS), design of the cleanupCremedial design
or RD), construction of the cleanup (remedial
action or RA) and emergency removal of
hazardous releases. Other activities include
laboratory analysis, community relations and
support from other Federal agencies, except
DOJ.
The Agency will dedicate $896.0 million
to direct site cleanup, an increase of $153.7
million over 1992. Direct site cleanup
includes RI/FS, RD, RA and Removals. Asa
part of this funding, $585 million is currently
estimated for RAs to support the Agency's
focus on completing site cleanups. The most
environmentally significant projects will
continue to receive higher priority, and the
Agency will implement recommendations to
significantly increase the number of cleanups
completed in 1993.
Emergency Response
Activities Continue
As part of its response activities, the
Agency will continue to focus on managing
"classical" emergencies or time critical
responses where there is no PRP and no
state or local response alternative. The
Agency is requesting $186.9 million and 259
workyears in 1993 for all Emergency
Response activities, an increase of $12.2
million and 18 workyears over 1992. This
increase wfll further support the Agency's
ability to provide quick response when
hazardous substances are released into the
environment.
Agency Oversight of Federal
Facility Cleanups
The Agency has a key role in the
environmental cleanup programs of other
Federal Agencies that include the
54
-------
SUPERFUND
Department of Defense (DOD) and the
Department of Energy. In addition to
overseeing cleanups conducted by other
Federal agencies, the Agency provides
technical support for Superfund cleanups at
Federal facilities on the National Priorities
ListCNPL). The Agency is requesting $30.1
million and 251 workyears in 1993, an
increase of $1.4 million over the 1992 level.
In 1993, the Agency will increase assistance
to DOD with military base closure activities.
EPA will also continue to oversee Superfund
cleanups at Federal facilities and provide
technical assistance.
The Agency Relies On The Special
The Agency will continue to use the
special expertise of other Federal agencies to
support the health authorities under
CERCLA. In addition to funding for the
Department of Justice, the Agency is
requesting $64,7 million for other Federal
agencies in support of Superfund. Congress
has consistently added approximately $50
million to the Agency's requested level for
other Federal agencies. The activities
supported are primarily conducted by the
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry and the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences of the
Department of Health and Human Services.
Research Increases to Support
Site Cleanups
The Superfund research program will
provide technical assistance and scientific
information necessary to cleanup Superfund
sites. EPA provides this type of assistance to
the Regions, states and local governments,
and private industry. A key element of the
Superfund research program includes
developing and assessinginnovative cleanup
technologies. The Agency is requesting
$68.6 million amd 137 workyears for the
Superfund research program. This
represents an increase of $2.1 million over
the 1992 level in three areas, The increase,
along with a shift of base resources, will
support increased research on
bioremediation. The Agency will emphasize
research on groundwater contamination
problems that exist at more than 70% of the
Superfund NPL sites. The Superfund
research program will continue to support
the development of innovative treatment
technologies for use in site-specific cleanup
actions under the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation Program.
The Agency Continues its Efforts to
Protect the Integrity of the Trust Fund
The Agency is requesting$113.9milHon
and 553.5 workyears for management and
support services for the Superfund program.
This represents an increase of $15.0 million
from the 1992 level. Approximately 60% of
this amount provides the Superfund
program's portion of Agency-wide support
costs such as: rent, postage, utilities, security,
mail, and telecommunications. The
remaining amount funds administrative and
financial management services for the
program.
A significant amount of the
management and support resources are being
redirected from Headquarters to address
needs in the Regional offices. In order to
address the increasing number of contracts
the program manages in the Regions, the
Agency is implementing a shift of 22
workyears and related dollars from the
Headquarters contracts activity. This
represents the Agency's commitment to
providing resources toward initiatives that
ensure the financial and management
integrity of the programs the Agency
administers.
55
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
56
-------
LEA
KING
UNDERGROUND
s
T
TORAGE
ANKS
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
LUST
DOLLARS
$75.0 M $0.0 M $75,0 M
WOEMYEAMS
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
90
1993
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Tanking Underground Storage
Tank (LUST) trust fund program protects
our health and the environment by providing
timely and effective response to leaking
underground storage tanks containing
petroleum and other hazardous materials.
The Agency's program is implemented under
the authority of the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984 and amended by
the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986. The LUST
Trust Fund was reauthorized by the Omnibus
Budget Act of 1990 and is financed by a 0.1
cent per gallon tax on motor fuels.
The 1993 President's Budget provides
$75.0 million and 95 workyears for the LUST
program, an increase of 5 workyears over the
1992 level. These additional workyears are
requested to support states efforts to
streamline and increase identified site
cleanups.
HIGHLIGHTS
Maintain Successful National
Direction
Building the state's capacity to meet
our environmental goals and respond to the
growing number of underground storage
tanks requiring response action is a key goal
of the Agency. The funding level for 1993
supports state and territory efforts to develop
and implement comprehensive LUST
programs by providing Federal assistance
through cooperative agreements. The Agency
is requesting $64.8 million for state
cooperative agreements in 1993.
The Agency's investment in
developing program capability will be
supported by other national LUST programs.
Within the LUST national program, EPA
will maintain efforts to improve site responses
and enforcement. Specific projects include
providing technical assistance and training,
developing and disseminating improved
management and enforcement methods and
1993 LOST Appropriation
$75.0 M
™~ I84.6M
President's
Budget
Total
State
Cooperative
Agreements
59
-------
LUST
assisting states in developing their own fund
assurance plans. In 1993, the Agency will be
emphasizing work on streamlining state
procedures for site closures, site assessments
and cleanup plan reviews.
States Are Responsible For
Program Implementation
The Agency emphasizes an
enforcement strategy which focuses on
achieving voluntary compliance and promotes
the use of innovative informal enforcement
techniques. With the assistance of EPA,
states have primary enforcement
responsibility and will target resources at
site investigations based on risk and will
encourage owners/operators to perform
corrective actions at their own sites. If
necessary, the states may use formal
enforcement actions to compel corrective
actions by recalcitrant owner/ operators. The
Agency will provide oversight and technical
assistance to owners/operators conducting
their own corrective actions.
Using LUST trust fund resources,
states direct response actions at abandoned
sites and sites where the owners/operators
are unwilling or unable to conduct response
actions. However, when LUST trust fund
monies are used for direct response actions,
the states will pursue cost recovery from the
responsible owners/operators. Recovered
funds may be used by the states to finance
other LUST trust fund eligible activities and
projects.
Research Initiatives Assist States
Research provides technical support
to EPA's Office of Underground Storage
Tanks, EPA Regional offices, state and local
agencies responsible for implementing the
LUST trrst fund program. Technical support
focuses on providing scientific expertise on
low cost approaches for assessing site
contamination and evaluating remedial
technologies. EPA will maintain emphasis
on disseminating technical information on
new and innovative methods for remedial
technologies and assisting states in
developing the capabilities to manage an
effective response program. The 1993 request
is $768 thousand and 2 workyears.
60
-------
CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
61
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
62
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
The Construction Grants program
continues to respond to the 1987 amendments
to the Clean Water Act. Those amendments
provided for the phased elimination of grants
to localities for sewage treatment plant
construction and the establishment of self-
supporting State Revolving Funds to finance
future construction needs. Overall, the
Administration requests $2.5 billion for 1993
which is $100 million more than the Congress
appropriated in 1992, and in combination
with previous appropriations, represents 95
percent of the $ 18 billion authorized through
1994 in the 1987 Water Quality Act.
Although most direct federal funding
for the construction of waste water facilities
ended in 1990, adequate State Revolving
Fund capitalization will protect the Federal
investment in a sewage treatment plant
system that is key to any pollution prevention
effort. Since 1973, EPA has obligated
approximately $59 billion for sewage plant
construction. The program has completed
about 8,300 construction projects and by the
end of 1992 will still be actively managing
over 4,800 construction grants to
communities and Indian tribes. Currently,
about 15,600 treatment facilities in the nation
serve some 176 million people. Protecting
this investment in infrastructure, to ensure
maximum water quality benefits, is the
continuing goal of the program.
The Agency's investment of
construction grant appropriations will also
be supported by other water programs.
Within the Water Quality program we will
continue to focus significant oversight efforts
on construction and the administrative
completion of wastewater treatment facilities
supported by federal funds.
SRF OWQ Coop. Agrmnts Ł3 Special Projects
$2.400.0 M
$2,50O.O M
9I&BM
816JSM
$48.0 M
Demo, Project
IMS
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
HIGHLIGHTS
Geographically Targeted
Sewage Treatment
The President's request includes $340
million in direct grant assistance to six major
coastal cities selected for special 55 percent
grants. This funding will aid our coastal
initiative and help to improve water quality
along the coast where an increasing portion
of the population is concentrated. The request
provides assistance to Boston ($100 million),
New York ($70 million), Los Angeles ($55
million), San Diego ($40 million), Seattle
($35 million) and Baltimore ($40 million).
The budget includes $130 million for
environmental projects along the Mexican
border. The United States and Mexico have
worked intensively throughout 1991 to
develop a joint United States/Mexican
Environmental Border Plan that will address
major environmental problems in the border
region, including air, water quality,
hazardous waste management, and
emergency planning. This detailed plan will
63
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
guide the activities carried out in response to
commitments made in connection with
negotiations on the North American Free
Trade Agreement. The United States and
Mexico will begin implementing the Border
Plan k; 1992 and maintain and substantially
enhance these efforts in 1993. The President's
budget includes $80 million to continue
construction of the new Tijuana sewage
treatment plant near San Diego, to expand
treatment capacity at the plant at Nogales,
Arizona, and to initiate work on
improvements which will clean up the New
River in California. These projects will
dramatically improve water quality along
the border with Mexico. The President's
budget also includes $50 million in state
grants to address wastewater treatment
needs in "colonies" (unincorporated sub-
divisions) along the border in Texas.
ualit Cooperative Agreements
Also included in our request is $16.5
million for water quality cooperative
agreements under section 104(b) of the Clean
Water Act. The level of funding requested
for section 104(b) is consistent with the
approach taken by Congress in recent years.
These funds will provide assistance to States
for special water permitting efforts and
enforcement activities such as municipal
water pollution prevention and combined
sewer and stormwater controls. States will
also use these funds to conduct special
demonstrations, training and studies.
Transition to State Revolving Funds
The transition from Construction
Grant funding of wastewater treatment
works to the State Revolving Loan program
begun in 1988 was essentially completed in
1990. Eighty percent of the Construction
Grant request for 1993 is for capitalization of
the State Revolving Fund program. At the
end of 1990, initial capitalization grants had
been awarded to 51 states and territories. In
1993, State Revolving Funds will be
strengthened by additional capitalization
grants. During 1993, the Agency will award
capitalization grants totalling $2,013 million.
This will bring the total federal investment
in the State Revolving Fund program to $8.2
billion.
These federal funds, the required 20
percent state match, and any additional state
or local resources dedicated to the fund will
provide financial support to communities in
the form of loans and other non-grant
assistance. In order to increase the amount
of assistance provided, some states continue
to develop aggressive leveraging programs
that may provide increased assistance for
their remaining facility needs.
Financially sound State Revolving
Funds will provide an ongoing source of
funding support for wastewater treatment
facility construction after federal
capitalization grants end. In addition, after
a state's most pressing municipal wastewater
treatment needs are satisfied, State
Revolving Funds may be used to support
implementation of nonpoint source
management plans and National Estuary
Program comprehensive conservation and
management plans.
64
-------
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
65
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
66
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
$497.0 M
DOLLARS
+$28.9 M $525.9 M
1993
INCREASE
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1.930
WQRKYEARS
+27
1,957
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1893
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
Research and development is
essential to understand and deal with
environmental issues because they usually
are complex in nature, broad in scale, and
involve synergistic effects which require a
systematic scientific approach. Scientific
information also provides the base line for
decision makers to understand the causes
and effects of pollution, the risks involved,
and the options available to reduce these
risks. EPA, along with other Federal
agencies, is responsible for helping to define
the nature of and options for solving
environmental problems.
EPA conducts research and
development for two primary purposes.
These are to:
1. support the Agency's statutory and
regulatory responsibilities of
protecting human health and the
environment and to
2. advance the level of knowledge in
environmental sciences to better
understand current and emerging
environmental issues to be able to
address them.
In 1993, EPA's Research and
Development Program will be a total of $525.9
million and 1,957 workyears. This represents
an increase of $28.9 million (+6%) and 27
workyears from 1992. In addition, $6.6
million is being shifted from within the
research and development funding base for
new research in 1993. Therefore, new
research and development initiatives in 1993
will total $35.5 mMon (+7%).
For 1993, EPA's Research and
Development Program was developed around
support of six Agency Themes. They are:
* Improving the Agency's Knowledge
Base;
* Implementing New Legislation;
» Geographic and Ecological Initiatives;
* Clusters;
« International Support; and
« Facility and Management.
Improving the Agency's
Knowledge Base
Environmental problems by their
nature are complicated and require a broad
scientific base of knowledge to fully
67
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
understand them and to assess effective
solutions. To improve the Agency's abilities
to address environmental issues, EPA will
expand its scientific knowledge base. With a
solid scientific knowledge base, better
decisions, allocation of scarce resources, and
the viability of desired changes will be made.
EPA's 1993 Budget includes a total of
$172.4 million and 806 workyears toimprove
the Agency's scientific knowledge base in
research and development. This reflects an
increase of $12.3 million and 8 workyears
from 1992. Major emphasis will be on
improving the ability to assess the status of
our nation's ecological systems such as
wetlands near coastal areas. It will improve
our knowledge on how our nation's
ecosystems are affected by human activities,
a growing concern of the American public.
Through the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP), initiated in
1991, pilot projects will be conducted in seven
ecosystems with special emphasis on some
regional ecosystems (e.g. Great Lakes region,
Southern U.S.).
Implementing New translation
Implementation of new environ-
mental laws such as the Clean Air Act
Amendments require some research and
development. Environmental mandates also
require new scientific information to provide
the basis for assuring the regulatory
programs required will be effective.
In 1993, EPA wiU identify a total of
$130.8 million and 640 workyears to conduct
research necessary to implement new
environmental laws. This represents an
increase of $8.3 million and 3 workyears
from 1992. A total of $101.9 million and 444
workyears is specifically oriented to
implement the new Clean Air Act (CAA).
CAA research will help monitor compliance
with new ozone standards in major
metropolitan areas, air pollution from motor
vehicles, and health concerns from air toxics.
In addition, $4.2 million and 23 workyears
will be dedicated to addressing health
concerns in our food chain. Specifically,
research will address neurotoxicological
effects associated with the use of pesticides
and toxic chemicals in commerce.
Geographic and Ecological Initiatives
Environmental issues today
frequently involve multiple pollutants over
broad regional and ecological areas such as
the Great Lakes area. To address issues
within this context requires broad scientific
approaches and data.
In 1993, EPA research will support a
number of Agency initiatives in this Theme.
The 1993 Budget for research support for
these initiatives will total $15.3 million and
49 workyears. This reflects an increase of
$4.4 million and 4 workyears from 1992.
Research will provide improved scientific
understanding of the condition and stress in
the Great Lakes area, the Chesapeake Bay
area, the Gulf ofMexico area, and in wetlands.
Clusters
Addressing environmental problems
sometimes requires a better understanding
of cross media (air, land, and water) impacts.
EPA is endeavoring to consider multimedia
aspects of environmental issues more. The
1993 Theme of "Clusters" is one approach of
focusing on environmental issues that are
best addressed in a multimedia manner.
In 1993, EPA will provide $31.5
million and 104 workyears for research on
"cluster* environmental problems. This is
an increase of $3.8 million and 2 workyears
from 1992. Research will focus on better
understanding how to monitor and reduce
indoor air pollution problems in support of
the Agency's indoor air pollution program.
68
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Research will also support development of
strategies to reduce exposure to Lead
contamination.
International Support
In 1993, EPA will continue to
participate in interagency efforts to bolster
the nation's scientific capabilities and
competitive position in the world economy.
EPA's 1993 Budget includes a total of $58.2
million and 157 workyears as EPA's part of
the federal government's efforts to improve
our nation's scientific knowledge base on:
1. global climate change,
2. high performance computing,
3. advanced materials, and
4. biotechnology
This represents an increase of $8.2 million
from the 1992 current estimate, primarily
for research in the areas of global climate
change, high performance computing,
advanced materials, and biotechnology.
Facility and Management
Finally, EPA will continue to rebuild
it's scientific infrastructure, begun in 1990.
A total of $43.0 million is planned in 1993
which is an increase of $1.0 million from
1992. Increases will enable EPA to meet
operating expenses at EPA's laboratories,
purchase new instrumentation to replace
aging scientific equipment on a more routine
and cost-effective basis, and provide
increased training and scientific exchange
opportunities for researchers.
1993 Research and Development Resources
Funding of EPA's research and development program in 1993 will be provided through four appropria-
tions. The following table identifies the 1993 President's Budget for EPA's research and development
program by each of these appropriations.
PRESIDENTS 1993 BUDGET
by Appropriation
(Dollars in Millions)
Total
Appropriation_Aj(fipjiiit
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Abatement, Control & Compliance
Superfund Trust Fund
LUST Trust Fund
Total Appropriations
$115.2
341.0
0.0
68.9
$525.9
Change
from 1992
+$9.7
+18.0
-1.0
+2.1
0.0
+$28.9
69
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
EPA's Research and Development budget also provides support to each of the ten (10) media programs
plus funds management and support activities as follows:
PRESIDENT'S 1993 BUDGET
by Media
(Dollars in Millions)
esearch Med
Air
Radiation
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Pesticides
Toxic Substances
Hazardous Waste
Multimedia
Superfund/LUST
Management & Support
Total Budget
Total
Dollars
$129.2
5.1
32.6
21.9
1S.8
26.8
42.9
176.6
69.7
$525.9
Change
from 1992
+ 2.5
+ 1.6
+ 2.1
-0,2
+ 1.3
+ 1.5
-19
+22.9
+2.1
PJ*
+$28.9
A summary of research and
development activities for each, of the
Agency's ten (10) media programs is described
below with major 1993 changes noted.
Mr Quality Research
The 1993 Air Quality research
program will have a total of $129.2 million
and 496 workyears, an increase of $2.5 million
and 5 workyears from 1992. Research will
increase in support the of Agency's Themes
of: "New Legislation" - implementation of
the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments;
"Clusters*1 - indoor air research program;
and International" - UJ3. Global Change
Research Program. Clean Air Act research
will focus on mobile sources and air toxics to
meet requirements of the new CAA. Increases
for indoor air quality research will address
concerns of indoor air quality and potential
health effects. Increases will support EPA's
involvement in the U.S Global Climate
Change Research Program, coordinated by
the Committee on Environmental Earth
Sciences under the Federal Coordinating
Council on Science Engineering and
Technology.
Radiation Research
Research will continue to provide
scientific data on exposure and risk from
radioactive materials. In 1993, Radiation
research will be a total of $5.1 million and 84
workyears, an increase of $1.6 million from
1992. Research on reducing risks from radon
as an indoor air pollutant in buildings will be
emphasized. Research will also consider
potential human health risks from
electromagnetic radiation.
70
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research
In 1993, the Water Quality research
program will be a total of $32.6 million and
237 workyears, an increase of $2,1 million
and a decrease of 18 workyears from 1992.
Research will primarily be increased in
support of the Agency's initiatives under the
"Geographic and Ecological" theme, such as
the Gulf ofMexico, Great lakes, Chesapeake
Bay, and wetlands initiatives. For example,
research will assess the impact of pollution
and stresses on ecosystems in the Gulf of
Mexico and the Great Lakes. To support the
"no-net-loss of wetlands" goal, research will
assess wetland functions and values and the
impact of cumulative wetland losses on water
quality and evaluate constructed wetlands
for use as a wastewater treatment alternative
and a way of mitigating wetlands loss and
degradation.
Drinkinp Water Research
In 1993, Drinking Water research
program will total $21.9 million and 171
workyears, a decrease of $0.2 million and 5
workyears from 1992. Drinking water
research will be refocused on understanding
the mechanisms of groundwater
contamination from uses of agricultural
pesticides and fertilizers. Research will also
emphasize developing risk assessments and
strategies to protect wellheads from
contamination.
Pesticides research in 1993 will be
15.8 million and 111 workyears which is a
slight increase (+$1.3 million) over 1992.
Increases will be directed to addressing
neurotoxicological health concerns from
exposure to pesticides. This research is
related to the Agency's "Food Safety"
initiative. It is also being conducted in
conjunction with research on neurotoxicity
concerns from toxics chemicals. Research
wiH also support EPA's pesticide registration
and reregistration decisions. Finally,
research on biological pesticides will continue
as more non-chemical pesticide agents are
submitted to EPA for registration.
Toxics Substaces
The Toxics Substances research
program will continue to focus on reducing
risks to human health and the environment
from exposure to toxic chemicals. In 1993,
total research funding for this program will
be $26.8 million and 186 workyears, an
increase of $1.5 million from 1992. Increases
will focus on addressing neurotoxicological
health concerns from exposure to toxic
chemicals in commerce. This research is in
conjunction with pesticides research on
neurotoxicological concerns from exposure
to pesticides. Research will continue to
support the Office of Toxic Substances by
helping to assess exposure and health and
environmental effects from chemicals in
commerce.
Waste Research
The Hazardous Waste research
program will be a total of $42.9 million and
237 workyears in 1993, a decrease of $4.9
million and an increase of 13 workyears from
1992. Funding for hazardous waste research
is being refocused to higher priority research
concerns dealing with the Agency's "New
Legislation* Theme. Research will continue
on determining safe and effective means for
disposing of and controlling hazardous
wastes. This includes research on municipal
solid waste treatment technologies,
engineering treatment technologies at RCRA
corrective action sites, bioremediation, and
innovative pollution prevention technologies
for disposing of municipal wastes.
71
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
ia Research
The Multimedia research program
will be a total of $176.6 million and 226
workyeara in 1992, an increase of $22.9
million and 31 workyears over 1992.
Increases are primarily related to the
Agency's Improving the Knowledge Base"
theme. Increases will expand the Agency's
capabilities to monitor and assess the
condition of our nation's ecosystems from
near-coastal areas to agricultural areas.
Increases are also planned to continue
rebuilding the Agency's aging scientific
infrastructure such as facility repairs and
equipment replacement. Finally, research
will expand support for interagency research
initiatives designed to increase the
capabilities of high performance computing
and assess environmental aspects of new
advanced materials as part of the Agency's
"International" Theme.
Supcrfund Research
The Superfund research program will
continue to provide technical assistance and
scientific information necessary to cleanup
Superfund sites. EPA provides this type of
assistance to the Regions, states, local
governments, and private industry. In 1993,
the total Superfund research program will
be $68.9 million and 137 workyears, an
increase of $2.1 million from the 1992 level.
Increases along with shifts of base resources
will fond increased research in three areas.
First, research will expand on
bioremediation, a promising cleanup
technology. Second, research will increase
on groundwater contamination problems that
exist at more than 70% of the Superfund
sites. Finally, research will continue to
emphasize the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation Program (SITE)
which helps develop innovative treatment
technologies for site-specific cleanup actions.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
(LUST) Research
Research will continue to provide
technical support to EPA's Office of
Underground Storage Tanks, Regional
Offices, states, and local agencies in
implementing the LUST Trust Fund
Program. Total funding in 1993 will be $0.8
million and 2 workyears. Technical support
will provide scientific expertise on low cost
approaches to assess contamination and
evaluate remedial technologies at LUST sites.
EPA will also disseminate technical
information on new and innovative remedial
technologies and will assist states in
developing their capabilities to manage an
effective response program.
72
-------
STATE AND
LOCAL GRANTS
73
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
74
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
$546M $532 M
$491 M
$376 M
$283 M .3302M $292 M
$315 M
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
The 1993 President's Budget allocates
$532 million to support State and local
environmental programs, an increase of $34
million over the 1992 President's Budget.
Although the 1993 funding level represents
a slight decrease from current 1992 funding
levels, the 1993 Budget recognizes and
maintains the commitment for essential state
grant programs, while satisfying fiscal
constraints necessary throughout the Federal
Government.
Addressing Critical Areas of Concern
The Agency recognizes that meeting
our statutory environmental goals without
the continued support of state and local
entities would be very difficult; state grants
serve as a key mechanism to implement
environmental laws. Increasing
environmental program and statutory
demands coupled with increasing fiscal
constraints in state and local government
have heightened the importance of State
Grant funding. To expand States'abilities to
address today's major environmental
problems, the President's Budget provides
additional resources in the following areas.
An increase in the Pollution
Prevention state grant program will provide
resources for the creation and
implementation of multimedia pollution
prevention programs which reduce
pollutants at the source and improve the
evaluation of source reduction alternatives
in the transportation, industrial and
agricultural sectors. The results are
expanded state and local programs which
target the communities* pollution problems
through various pollution reduction projects.
Additional resources are provided to
support States' efforts in carrying out the
Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 (CAA).
In 1993, the priority will be supporting state
implementation efforts. Each state is
required to develop plans to meet air quality
standards and strengthen inspection
programs to monitor the compliance with
new regulations. With current state
budgetary uncertainties, the additional
resources provided will be vital in helping
tile states attain their CAA objectives.
An increase in Hazardous Waste state
grants will support increased enforcement
and corrective actions in certain high-risk
geographic areas: Gulf of Mexico, the
Chesapeake Bay, Puget Sound, the
Caribbean, and the Great Lakes. The Agency
will target grants for increased enforcement
against facilities with the greatest potential
for pollution prevention.
75
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
Additional resources for Pesticides
Programs Implementation State grants will
be used to provide outreach to state and
Indian tribes through technical assistance
for the development and implementation of
ground water management plans. The state
grants will also promote farmworker
protection through the development and
distribution of guidance materials and
workshops that will target agricultural
communities at large.
Implementation of the Safe Drinking
Water Act will be supported by additional
resources in two grant programs in 1993. An
increase in Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS) grants will assist states in
implementing rules for surface water
tr ^atment, total coUform, microbiological and
chemical contaminant monitoring, and Lead/
Copper and inorganic/synthetic organic
contam-inants standards. States will use
their grants to expand the number of lab
certifications, sanitary surveys, and other
technical activities. The number of
compliance and monitoring activities will
grow. Such actions will include more
compliance measurement reviews, system
vulnerability assessments, formal
enforcement actions, and violation-related
inspections.
With regard to Clean Water Act
programs, additional resources for wetland
program grants will strengthen the
President's goal of "no net loss" of wetlands
by supporting efforts to identify valuable
wetlands and implement state wetlands
protection programs. The chart on the
following page shows state and local grants
by program area.
State Capacity
The 1993 President's Budget
recognizes that state and local entities play
an increasingly important role in the
implementation of the nation's
environmental laws. EPA is promoting state/
local leadership by investing in the
enhancement of state/local entities to
administer federal programs, and seeking
ways to enhance program efficiency through
improved intergovernmental relations and
quality management coordination. The
Agency is considering innovative federal
investment in state program infrastructure.
This includes investment in areas such as
training, information networks, laboratories,
monitoring and technical assistance.
Additionally, the Agency is exploring the
applicability of creative financing
mechanisms for states such as fee-based
revenues, public-private partnerships, and
privatization.
Federal investment in state capacity
building is exemplified in the capitalization
of State Revolving Funds (SRFs) in the
Construction Grants appropriation. The
State Revolving Fund program has proven
to be a very successful financing technique to
help meet the nation's large water pollution
control needs. Through State Revolving
Funds, loans are made to municipalities.
Loan repayments are recycled through SRFs
and are a source of funds for additional loans
to other communities well into the future.
SRFs are likely to be the States' primary
source of financing water pollution control
needs for years to come. With enactment of
the President's 1993 Budget, SRFs will have
been appropriated 94 percent of the $8.4
billion for capitalization grants authorized
through 1994.
76
-------
^^•1 STATE ,
AND LOCAL GRANTS ^HH|
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ATR
SECTION 105
WATf^. IJf JAf 11TĄ"
106
CLEAN" LAKES
NON-POINT SOURCE
104(b) WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT **
WETLANDS PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION
T1RTNK 1 NH WA'I'KR
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM
PROGRAM GRANTS
UNDERGROUND
CONTROL PROGRAM
SPECIAL STUDIES
HAZARDOUS WASTE
H.W. FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
ptsnonriigs
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
GRANTS
PESTICIDES PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION
RADIATION
RADON STATE GRANTS
MULUMEIHA
POLLUTION PREVENTION
TOXTO SUBSTANCES
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$164,774,9
7*000.0
52,500.0
16,500.0
8,500.0
49,950.0
10,500.0
6,300.0
90,274.7
9,000.0
15,800.8
14,497.8
9,000.0
5,000.0
1993
PRESIDENTS
BUDOET
$174,550.0
81,700.0
0,0
26,000.0
16,500.0
10,000.0
58,900.0
10,500.0
500.0
93,274.7
9,000.0
15,974.1
15,778.9
8,158.0
6,000.0
1993-1992
+$9,775.1
0.0
-7,000.0
-26,500.0
0.0
+1,500.0
+8,850.0
0.0
-5,800.0
+3,000.0
0.0
+173.3
+1,281.1
-842.0
+1,000.0
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
GRANTS
5,100.0
5,100.0
0.0
TOTAL
$546,398.2
$531^35.7
-$14,462.5
*' Does not include $46 million congressional add-on for the Rouge River Demonstration Project.
77
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
78
-------
APPENDIX:
BUDGET TABLES
79
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
MEDIA
Air
Water Quality
BrinMng Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Management & Support
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
OIG Superfund
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
OIG LUST
SUBTOTAL LUST
Construction Grants
GRAND TOTAL
1992
CUBBENT
EtH'IMATE
$517,107.9
462,749.1
141,306.4
332,008.0
116,441.4
38,761.5
220,473.2
156,826.6
550,750.9
25,623.0
$2,562,048.0
1,616,228.0
14,954.0
$1,631,182.0
75,000.0
623.0
$75,623.0
$2,400,000.0
$6,668,853.0
1993
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
$551,978.9
449,140.4
146,681.9
346,1515
128,834.4
41,085.6
259,235.5
126,904.2
602,851.2
28,294.0
$2,681,158.0
1,750,000.0
16,428.0
$1,766,428.0
75,000.0
636.0
$75,636.0
$2,500,000.0
$7,023,222,0
1993-1992
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOLLARS
+$34,871.0
-13,608.7
+5,375.5
+14,143.9
+12,393.0
+2,324.1
+38,762.3
-29,922.4
+52,100.3
+2,671.0
+$119,110.0
+133,772.0
+1,474.0
+$135,246.0
0.0
+13.0
+$13.0
+$100,000.0
+$354,369.0
80
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(WORKYEARS)
MEDIA
Mr
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Management & Support
Office of the Inspector General (DIG)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
2*282
2,325
804
1,661
1,194
313
934
3,161
266
13,829
1993
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
2,390
2J74
800
1,688
1,130
325
1.02S
903
3,122
300
14,057
1993-1992
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
WQRKYEARS
+108
+49
-4
+27
-64
+12
+91
+14
-39
+34
+228
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
OIG Superfund
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
3,602
96
3,698
3,604
156
3,760
+2
+60
+62
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Ftmd (LUST)
OIG LUST
SUBTOTAL LUST
90
6
95
95
5
100
+5
0
+5
GRAND TOTAL
17,622
17,917
+295
81
mt Printing office
- 312-91«/«09«4
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
DATE DUE
DEMCG 38-2SS
-------
------- |