United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Prevention,
Pesticide and Toxic
Substance (7501P)
r/EPA
Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical:
Reason for Issuance:
Date Issued:
Description of Chemical
Generic Name:
Common Name:
Trade Names:
EPA Chemical Code:
Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) Number:
Year of initial registration:
Registration Status:
Pesticide Type:
U.S. Producer:
Furfural
New Chemical
September 2006
2-Furancarboxaldehyde
Furfural
MULTIGUARD™ PROTECT
Furfural Technical
043301
98-01-01
2006
Conditionally registered
Fumigant - Nematicide/Fungicide
Agriguard Company LLC
P.O. Box 630
186 North Avenue East
Cranford, NJ. 07016
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Use Pattern and Formulations
Furfural is a new pesticidal active ingredient intended for use as a fumigant to control root-
infesting plant parasitic nematodes and fungal plant diseases in greenhouse soil used for growing
ornamentals and other non-food commodities. The technical formulation (Furfural Technical)
contains 99.7% furfural and is for use in formulating end-use products. The end-use product
contains 90% furfural in a liquid formulation (Multiguard Protect) and is applied to growing
media and/or soils in greenhouses for cut flowers, cut greens, transplants, propagative materials,
ornamentals and other non-food/ non-feed commodities.
Table 1: Summary of Directions for Use of Multiguard Protect
Trade Name
Formulation
[EPA Reg.
Number]
MULTIGUARD™
PROTECT
[75753-1]
Application
Type/Timing
and
Equipment
via broadcast
surface spray
(handgun),
through
overhead
irrigation,
through drip
irrigation, or
back-pack
sprayer/
treatment
interval of 14
to 28 days
Application
Rate
Ob ai/A)
45
Maximum
Number of
Applications
per Season
8
Maximum
Seasonal
Application
Rate (Ib ai/A)
360
PHI
(Days)
N/A
Use Directions and
Limitations
The treatment
should be watered
in after application
with 125 gallons of
water per 1000 ft2
Science Findings
Available product chemistry data supporting the use of furfural are summarized below.
Physical/Chemical Structure:
H CH — CH
\ // \\
C —C CH
// \ /
O O FURFURAL
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TABLE 2
Physicochemical Properties of the Technical Grade Compound (Furfural).
Parameter
Value
Molecular Weight:
Boiling point:
Density:
Water solubility (20°C):
Solvent solubility (mg/L at 20°C):
Vapor pressure:
Dissociation constant (pKa):
OctanoI/water partition coefficient Log(K0\y):
UV/Visible absorption:
96.1 g/mol
161.7°C
1.16g/mlat20°C
7.81 g/lOOml
alcohol (infinite)
ether (infinite)
miscible in octanol, acetone, xylene, ethyl acetate,
methylene chloride and methanol
2.6mmHg(at20°C)
Does not demonstrate a dissociation constant between
pKa2andpKalO.
0.35at20°C
14591.3cm2/mole(pH7)
15324.2 cm2/mole (pH 1.94)
14584.8 cm2/mole (pH 10.12)
Tables 3a, 3b, and 3c include toxicity data and summaries published in the open literature.
Tables 3a and 3b include the usual acute studies for technical furfural and the end-use product
Multiguard Protect. Table 3c summarizes subchronic oral, dermal and inhalation studies as well
as chronic, carcinogenicity, developmental and mutagenicity studies.
Table 3a. Acute Toxicity Profile - Multiguard Protect
Guideline No.
870.1100
870.1200
870.1300
870.2400
870.2500
Study Type
Acute oral in rats
(Mukherjee, 2003)
Acute dermal in rats
(Joseph, 2003)
(Moore, 2004)
(Moore, 2004)
Acute inhalation in rats.
(Merkel, 2003)
Acute eye irritation in rabbits.
(Mukherjee, 2003)
Acute dermal irritation in
rabbits. (Mukherjee, 2003)
Skin sensitization in Guinea
MRID(s)
46028101
46028102
46406102
46406103
46106302
46028103
46028104
Results
LD50 = >175 mg/kg
LD50 = 192 mg/kg
LD50 = 2000 mg/kg
LD50 = 2000 mg/kg
LC50 = 0.54-1.63
mg/L
Severe Irritant.
Mild Irritant.
Toxicity Category
II
I
III
III
Average: II
III
II
III
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1 870.2600
pigs.
(Mukherjee,
2003)
46028105
Non sensitizer.
Neg. 1
Table 3 b. Acute Toxicity Profile - Furfural Technical
Guideline No.
870.1100
870.1200
870.1300
870.2400
870.2500
870.2600
Study Type
Acute oral in rats
(Rana, 2002)
Acute dermal in rats
(Joseph, 2003)
Acute inhalation in rats.
(Merkel, 2003)
Acute eye irritation in rabbits.
(Joseph, 2003)
Acute dermal irritation in
rabbits. (Joseph, 2003)
Skin sensitization in Guinea
pigs. (Joseph, 2003)
MRID(s)
46011009
46011010
46106302
46011012
46011013
46011014
Results
LD50 = >102 mg/kg
LD50 = 192 mg/kg
LC50 = 0.54-1.63
mg/L
Severe. Irritant.
Slight. Irritant.
Non sensitizer.
Toxicity Category
II
I
III
II
IV
Neg.
Table 3 c. Subchronic, Chronic and Other Toxicity Profile for Furfural
Guideline No./
Study Type
870.3100
90-Day oral toxicity
rats
870.3100
90-Day oral toxicity
mice.
870.3100
90-Day oral toxicity
rats.
870.3150
90-Day oral toxicity
dog
870.3200
28-Day dermal
MRID No. (year)/
Classification /Doses
46011015, 1990
Acceptable/Non-guideline
0, 11,22,45,90, 180
mg/kg/day
46011015, 1990
Acceptable/ Non-guideline
0, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200
mg/kg/day
46011015,2001
Summary /Non-guideline
(WHO published review
article)
0, 30, 60, 90, 180 mg/kg/day
(microencapsulated)
46465501
Unacceptable/Guideline
Results
NTP 1990 Study (publication).
NOAEL = 45 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 90 mg/kg/day based on liver pathology -
cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes.
NTP 1990 Study (publication).
NOAEL < 75 mg/kg/day
LOAEL <= 75 mg/kg/day based on relative liver
weights.
WHO (published review article), Food Additive
Series 46 (2001)
NOAEL = 60 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 90 mg/kg/day based on liver effects.
No study submitted.
NOAEL =>100 mg/kg/day (HOT). LOAEL => 100
mg/kg/day. Transient effects included drowsiness,
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Table 3 c. Subchronic, Chronic and Other Toxicity Profile for Furfural
Guideline No./
Study Type
MRID No. (year)/
Classification /Doses
Results
toxicity in rats.
0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg
dyspnea, clonic convulsion, hyperactivity, tremor,
vocalization, generalized effects from exposure to
furfural
870.3465
28-Day inhalation
toxicity in rats
46426504, -05
Acceptable/Guideline
0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640,
1280 mg/cu.m.
NTO (Netherlands) 2001 (study publication).
LOAEL = < 20 mg/cu.m. (LDT) causing nasal
epithelium pathology. NOAEL < 20 mg/cu.m.
870.3700a
Prenatal
developmental in
rats
46147601,1997
primary study: 0, 50, 100, 150
mg/kg/day
Acceptable/Guideline
w/rangefinder
46629401, 1996 rangefinder: 0,
10, 50, 100,150, 250, 500,
1000 mg/kg/day
Maternal NOAEL =10 mg/kg/day (from rangefinder)
LOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day (from primary) based on
clinical signs.
Developmental NOAEL => 150 mg/kg/day
LOAEL > 150 mg/kg/day , no treatment related effects
noted in the primary study, no relevant observations in
the rangefinding study.
870.3700b
Prenatal
developmental in
rabbits
46207303, 2004
0, 25, 75, 225 mg/kg/day
46207302, 2003 (rangefinder)
0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 300
mg/kg/day
Maternal NOAEL = 225 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 300 mg/kg/day based on decreased bw, bwg
- primary study combined with rangefinder study data
Developmental NOAEL = 225 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 300 mg/kg/day based on decreased fetal bw
- primary study combined with rangefinder study data
870.3800
Reproduction and
fertility effects
No study available.
870.4100a
Chronic toxicity
Rats
46011016, 1990
Acceptable/Non-guideline.
0, 30, or 60 mg/kg/day
NTP 1990 Study (publication).
NOAEL = 30 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 60 mg/kg/day based on liver effects.
870.4100a
Chronic toxicity -
mice
46011016, 1990
Acceptable/Non-guideline.
0, 50, 100, or 175 mg/kg/day
NTP 1990 Study (publication)
NOAEL => 175 mg/kg/day
LOAEL > 175 mg/kg/day
870.4100b
Chronic toxicity
dog
No study submitted.
870.4200
Carcinogenicity
rat.
46011016, 1990
Acceptable/Non-guideline
0, 30, 60 mg/kg/day
NTP 1990 Study (publication).
NOAEL = 30 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 60 mg/kg/day based on liver effects.
no evidence of carcinogenicity at dose levels tested
870.4300
Carcinogenicity
46011016, 1990
Acceptable/Non-guideline
NTP 1990 Study (publication)
NOAEL => 175 mg/kg/day
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Table 3 c. Subchronic, Chronic and Other Toxicity Profile for Furfural
Guideline No./
Study Type
mouse.
Gene Mutation
870.5100
Gene Mutation
870.5100
CA/SCE
870.5375, 870.5385,
870.5900, 870.5915
UDS
870.5500, 870..5560
870.7485
Metabolism and
pharmacokinetics
870.7600
Dermal penetration
MRID No. (year)/
Classification /Doses
0, 50, 100, 175 mg/kg/day
46011017; 1999
Acceptable/Guideline
4601 1018; 2003
Acceptable/Non-guideline
46011019; 2003 (compilation
of 7 reports)
46011020; 2003 (compilation
of 9 reports)
Results
LOAEL > 175 mg/kg/day
no evidence of carcinogenicity at dose levels tested
Negative for bacterial reverse mutation assay
Negative for in vivo gene mutation
bacterial gene incorporation into genome of transgenic
mice
Negative and Acceptable/Guideline:
Reverse Gene Mutation, In vitro mammalian gene
mutation and chromosomal aberrations , In vivo
Chromosomal Aberrations, SCE, Gene Mutation -
Drosophilia
Unacceptable/Guideline - Expert Panel Report, SCE in
human Lymphocytes, in vitro cytogenetic assays
Negative for DNA damage/repair, rec-assay, UDS in
rat hepatocytes - Acceptable/Guideline
DNA damage, summary reports - Unacceptable
No study submitted.
No study submitted.
Non-guideline = studies either from the open literature, studies not meeting guideline requirements, but
contain useful information or range-finding studies
Hazard Considerations
The acute toxicity profile for furfural ranges from highly toxic to relatively non-toxic (from
Toxicity Category of I to IV). Technical furfural has a pungent odor smelling like almonds. It is
irritating to skin, mucous membranes and the respiratory system. Single- and repeated dose
animal toxicity studies in the open literature, using various routes and animal species, give
evidence of adverse effects involving most physiological systems including respiratory system,
liver and kidney, blood and bone marrow as well as adverse effects to the nervous system.
Studies in humans and animals show that furfural is readily absorbed and is excreted in the urine.
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist's (ACGIH) occupational
standard for furfural, or Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is 2 ppm with a "Skin" notation for
concerns for vapor irritation of skin and mucous membranes. The human data referred to above
(dermal absorption studies) fall outside the scope of the prohibition on use of human data. The
Agency has not classified the carcinogenic potential of furfural at this time, however, a National
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Toxicity Program (NTP) carcinogenicity study in rats and mice does not indicate a potential for
carcinogenicity.
The toxicology dataset includes acute toxicity studies and studies published in the open literature
including a subchronic oral toxicity study in rats and mice, a chronic oral toxicity study in rats
and mice, two oral developmental studies, one in rats and the other in rabbits, a 28-day dermal
study in rats, 28-day inhalation study in rats, as well as a number of review articles from
regulatory (primarily European) agencies. Based on the indoor (greenhouse), non-food use
pattern, the dermal and inhalation routes appear to be the major routes of exposure.
Consequently, the current data base review focuses on these routes to assess potential hazards for
worker and bystander exposures.
Food Quality Protection Act Considerations
Furfural is a new active ingredient for use in production of greenhouse ornamentals which is
considered to be a 'non-food use' and is not subject to the amendments to the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) promulgated under the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996,
and an aggregate risk assessment is not required.
Hazard Identification and Toxicity Endpoint Selection
Based on the proposed use patterns (greenhouse), the primary exposure pathways for furfural are
the inhalation and dermal routes. Since furfural is considered a non-food use active ingredient
and there are no residential uses, oral risk assessments (dietary and incidental oral) have not been
conducted at this time. However, should use patterns change in the future to include food uses
and/or residential uses, the Agency may conduct these risk assessments.
Toxicological Endpoints
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Table 4: Summary of inhalation Toxicological Doses and Endpoints Selected
Using the RfC Methodology
Relevant Study
LOAEL
(mg/m3)
NOAEL
(mg/m3)
Da
Dh
Wa
Wh
RGDR
ft
HEC
(mg/m3
• )-.
inter
Intra
UF1
HEC Array for Non-Occupational Risk Assessment
Acute Exposure
28-Day Inhalation
Study - RATS
Extrathoracic
region (6hr exp.)
Extrathoracic
region (3hr exp.)
20
160
N.A.
N.A.
6
3
24
24
1
1
1
1
0.115
0.115
0.58
2.30
3
3
10
10
10
10
Short-, Intermediate-, and Long-term Exposure
28-Day Inhalation
Study - RATS
Extrathoracic
region (6hr exp.)
Extrathoracic
region (3hr exp.)
20
160
N.A.
N.A.
6
3
24
24
5
5
7
7
0.115
0.115
0.41
1.64
3
3
10
10
10
10
HEC Array for Occupational Risk Assessment
Acute Exposure
28-Day Inhalation
Study - RATS
Extrathoracic
region (6hr exp.)
Extrathoracic
region (3hr exp.)
20
160
N.A.
N.A.
6
3
8
8
1
1
1
1
0.115
0.115
1.73
6.90
3
3
10
10
10
10
Short-, Intermediate-, and Long-term Exposure
28-Day Inhalation
Study - RATS
Extrathoracic
region (6hr exp.)
Extrathoracic
region (3hr exp.)
20
160
N.A.
N.A.
6
3
8
8
5
5
5
5
0.115
0.115
1.73
6.90
3
3
10
10
10
10
§ 10X UF retained for LOAEL to NOAEL extrapolation.
• Input parameters for the derivation of Regional Gas Dose Ratios (RGDR) were obtained from "Methods for Derivation
of Inhalation Reference Concentrations and Application of Inhalation Dosimetry" (US EPA, 1994) Tables 4-4, 4-5, and
4-6.
Table 5. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Chemical for Use in
Human Risk Assessments
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Exposure
Scenario
Dermal
Short-Term
(1-30 days)
Dermal
Intermediate-
Term
(1-6 months)
Dermal
Long-Term
(> 6 months)
Inhalation
All Durations
Dose Used in Risk
Assessment, UF
NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day, UF 100
NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day, UF 100
NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day, UF 1000
(extra 10X for
extrapolation for
duration)
Refer to Table 4 for
the HEC Array for
Bystander and
Occupational
Exposure
FQPA SF* and
Level of Concern
for Risk
Assessment
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Study and Toxicological
Effects
Prenatal developmental in rats;
Maternal LOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
based on clinical signs.
Prenatal developmental in rats;
Maternal LOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
based on clinical signs.
Prenatal developmental in rats;
Maternal LOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
based on clinical signs.
28-day inhalation toxicity in rats;
LOAEL = 20 mg/ cu.m. nasal
epithelial pathology seen throughout
all of the treated animal groups, no
NOAEL was identified
UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = FQPA safety factor, NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level, LOAEL =
lowest observed adverse effect level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic) RfD = reference dose,
MOE = margin of exposure, LOG = level of concern, NA = Not Applicable
Exposure Assessment
Residential/Bystander Exposure Estimates
Furfural is not registered for residential uses. However, residential/bystander exposure is possible
from drift of furfural vapors associated with the greenhouse use. A screening level bystander
exposure assessment was conducted using the only available data, a laboratory soil volatility
study, which raise many uncertainties when used for the purpose of assessing bystander exposure.
These laboratory data were used as inputs to EPA's Industrial Source Complex: Short-Term
Model (ISCST3) to estimate furfural concentrations outside the greenhouse after a furfural
application. The inhalation LOG for bystanders is an MOE of 300 or greater, below which
indicate risks of concern. The modeling results indicate that, for bystanders, a distance of 30
meters downwind may be necessary to achieve an MOE of 300 for small greenhouses, and a
distance of 100 meters may be required for large greenhouses. Please note that there is low
confidence in these estimates because they are based on data that, in addition to other significant
limitations, were not generated under field conditions.
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Dietary Exposure Estimates
Furfural is registered for use on greenhouse ornamentals only. Therefore, a dietary assessment is
not necessary. Additionally this use pattern is considered to have minimal potential for causing
drinking water contamination A dietary exposure assessment for drinking water was not
conducted.
Aggregate Exposure Scenarios and Risk Conclusions
Furfural use in greenhouses on ornamentals is considered a non-food use and therefore an
aggregate risk assessment is not required under the FQPA.
Occupational Exposure Estimates
Dermal occupational handler exposures were estimated using the Pesticide Handlers Exposure
Database (PHED) Surrogate Exposure Guide (revised August, 1998). For some of the
occupational handler scenarios that reflect baseline clothing, dermal occupational handler risks
are of concern (i.e., the MOEs do not reach 100). However, when gloves are added, all handler
scenarios have MOEs of 100 or greater, and therefore, are not of concern.
A non-guideline dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) study was used to assess potential dermal
exposure to postapplication workers. The postapplication exposure assessment indicates that
dermal occupational risks are of concern (i.e., the MOEs are less than 100) on day 0, and up to 9
days following application, depending on the scenario. Acceptable MOEs (<100) are achieved
using restricted entry intervals (REIs) of 12 hours for containerized ornamentals, and 9 days for
cut flowers.
Inhalation handler risks for furfural were not assessed using PHED because furfural is much more
volatile (2 mm Hg at 20 °C) than the pesticides that are incorporated into PHED. As a result,
inhalation risks would be underestimated if PHED data were used to assess inhalation handler
exposures. The inhalation postapplication exposures and risks can be considered a surrogate to
represent inhalation handler exposures and risks.
To assess potential inhalation exposure to postapplication workers, the agency utilized EPA's
Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM) to estimate furfural concentrations
inside the greenhouse after a furfural application. For all greenhouse postapplication exposure
scenarios, inhalation postapplication occupational risks are of concern (i.e., the MOEs are less
than 300) on day 0 using worst-case air exchange rates. Postapplication inhalation MOEs do not
reach 300 until the air exchange rates are increased to 65 per hour (based on 8-hour average) or 90
per hour (based on 1-hour average).
Environmental Fate and Ecological Effects
10
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Environmental Fate Data Requirements:
A hydrolysis study (Guideline 161-1) was reviewed and classified as Acceptable. In this study,
furfural appeared to be stable in buffered solutions of pHs 5, 7 and 9.
An aerobic soil metabolism study (Guideline 162-1) and additional data were submitted by the
registrant. The study is classified as supplemental. The available data are sufficient to support
the indoor and greenhouse uses. Furfural appears to degrade rapidly in four sandy loams with
observed half-lives of <1 day. Studies performed with archived samples (stored for a period of 15
months at 20° C) indicate that the major transformation product is 2-furoic acid.
A batch equilibrium - adsorption/desorption study (Guideline 163-1) and additional data was
classified as supplemental. The data available are sufficient to support the indoor and greenhouse
use. It appears that furfural residues are highly mobile in three sandy loam soils (KF.oc range
52.2-56.9) and has low mobility in a Bog sand with a very low organic carbon content (KF.oc =
607.3 :OC = 0.06%).
Ecological Effects Data Requirements:
Since greenhouse use is strictly an indoor use, an ecological risk assessment was not performed..
However, avian acute oral toxicity, freshwater fish acute toxicity, and freshwater aquatic
invertebrate acute toxicity studies were submitted to support the manufacturing use product.
These data are intended to support labeling in the event of spills.
The registrant has submitted a variety of acute toxicity data, in part to also support future outdoor
use. Those data relevant to indoor use are summarized below.
Avian acute oral toxicity (Guideline 850.2100). Mallard ducks and Japanese quail acute oral
toxicity studies indicate that furfural is considered moderately toxic to mallard, with an LD50 of
360.5 mg/kg in an Acceptable study and that furfural is considered moderately toxic to the
Japanese quail with an LD50 of 278.5 mg/kg in a Supplemental study.
Acute fish toxicity (Guideline 850-1075). Bluegill sunfish and rainbow trout studies indicate that
furfural is considered moderately toxic to the rainbow trout with an LC50 of 3.06 ppm in a
Supplemental study and that furfural is considered moderately toxic to the bluegill sunfish with an
LC50 of 5.8 ppm in an Acceptable study.
Acute aquatic invertebrate toxicity (Guideline 850-1010). A Daphnia magna study indicates that
furfural is considered slightly toxic to D. magna with an LC/EC50 of 20.4 ppm in an Acceptable
study.
Data Gaps
An acceptable 28-day dermal toxicity study
11
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A guideline 28- or 90-day inhalation study
A field/greenhouse volatility study for each major application method (i.e., groundboom,
overhead spray, overhead irrigation, and drip irrigation) that measures the flux inside the
greenhouse, as well as the outside perimeter. (A protocol for this study has recently been
submitted and reviewed; several changes are necessary for the protocol to be acceptable.)
A dislodgeable foliar residue study (or soil residue transfer data, if more applicable) to assess
postapplication exposure for tasks associated with greenhouse ornamentals. (A protocol
for this study has recently been submitted and reviewed; it was found to be acceptable,
with recommendations for minor changes.)
Risk Mitigation Measures
The end use product label for Multiguard Protect was revised to contain the following labeling:
1. The greenhouse air exchange rate was increased from 12 air changes per hour (ACH) to
90 ACH during mixing/loading and application, and for at least 48 hours following
application.
2. Buffer zones were added (90 ft. buffer zones for greenhouses < 5,000 sq. ft, and 300 ft.
buffer zones for greenhouses > 50,000 sq. ft).
3. Labeling requirement that owner/operator of greenhouses own/have control over all land
which falls within the buffer zones.
4. In addition to posting of greenhouses as required by the Worker Protection Standard, a
labeling requirement that buffer zones must be posted at all points of entry into the buffer
zone area.
5. A restricted entry interval (REI) of 12 hours is required for entry into areas of
containerized ornamentals and an REI of 9 days for areas containing cut flowers.
Contact Person at USEPA
Mary L. Waller
Product Manager
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs
Registration Division (7505P)
Fungicide Branch
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, D.C. 20460
Office Location and telephone number:
7319, Potomac Yard South
12
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2777 South Crystal Dr.
Arlington V. A. 22202
703-308-9354
DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this Pesticide Fact Sheet is for informational
purposes only and may not be used to fulfill data requirements for pesticide registration and
reregi strati on.
APPENDIX I:
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ADNT Acute delayed neurotoxicity
13
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a.i.
aPAD
ARI
BCF
CAS
ChE
ChEI
cPAD
%CT
DAT
DEEM-FCID
DNA
DNT
DIT
DWLOC
EC
EEC
EPA
FQPA
GLC
GLN
LCso
LD50
LOAEL
LOAEC
LOC
LOD
LOQ
mg/kg/day
mg/L
MOE
MRID
MTD
NA
NOEC
NOEL
Active Ingredient
Acute Population Adjusted Dose
Aggregate Risk Index
Bioconcentration Factor
Chemical Abstracts Service
Cholinesterase
Cholinesterase inhibition
Chronic Population Adjusted Dose
Percent crop treated
Days after treatment
Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model - Food Consumption Intake
Database
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Developmental neurotoxicity
Developmental immunotoxicity
Drinking Water Level of Comparison.
Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulation
Estimated Environmental Concentration. The estimated pesticide
concentration in an environment, such as a terrestrial ecosystem.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Food Quality Protection Act
Gas Liquid Chromatography
Guideline Number
Median Lethal Concentration. A statistically derived concentration of
a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of test animals.
It is usually expressed as the weight of substance per weight or volume
of water, air or feed, e.g., mg/1, mg/kg or ppm.
Median Lethal Dose. A statistically derived single dose that can be
expected to cause death in 50% of the test animals when administered
by the route indicated (oral, dermal, inhalation). It is expressed as a
weight of substance per unit weight of animal, e.g., mg/kg.
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration
Level of Concern
Limit of Detection
Limit of quantitation
Milligram Per Kilogram Per Day
Milligrams Per Liter
Margin of Exposure
Master Record Identification (number), EPA's system of
recording and tracking studies submitted
Maximum tolerated dose
Not Applicable
No Observable Effect Concentration
No Observed Effect Level
14
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NOAEL
NOAEC
NPDES
OP
OPP
OPPTS
PAD
PAG
PAM
PHED
PHI
ppb
PPE
ppm
PRZM/
EXAMS
RAC
RBC
RED
REI
RfD
SCI-GROW
SF
TGAI
UF
"g
ug/L
uL/g
USDA
WPS
No Observed Adverse Effect Level
No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Organophosphate
EPA Office of Pesticide Programs
EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Population Adjusted Dose
Pesticide Assessment Guideline
Pesticide Analytical Method
Pesticide Handler's Exposure Data
Preharvest Interval
Parts Per Billion
Personal Protective Equipment
Parts Per Million
Tier II Surface Water Computer Model
Raw Agriculture Commodity
Red Blood Cell
Reregistration Eligibility Decision
Restricted Entry Interval
Reference Dose
Tier I Ground Water Computer Model
Safety Factor
Technical Grade Active Ingredient
Uncertainty Factor
micrograms
Micrograms Per Liter
Microliter per gram
United States Department of Agriculture
Worker Protection Standard
Appendix II
Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting the Registration of
Furfural
MRID: 38152
15
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Citation: McMahon, R.E.; Cline, J.C.; Thompson, C.Z. (1979) Assay of 855 test
chemicals in ten tester strains using a new modification of the Ames test for bacterial
mutagens. Cancer Research 39 (?/Mar):682-692. (Also-In-unpublished submission
received on unknown date under 1471-96; submitted by Blanco Products Co., Div. of Eli
Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Ind.; CDL:242442-E)
MRID: 63152
Citation: Sanderson, D.M. (1968?) Toxicology of the Acaricide NC 5016: Potentiation
Studies on NC 5016: Report No. 7. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1970 under
OF0897; prepared by Fisons, Ltd., England, submitted by Fisons Corp., Agricultural
Chemicals Div., Bedford, Mass.; CDL:091548-D)
MRID: 85292
Citation: Quaker Oats Company (1957) Physiological Data on QO Furfural.
(Unpublished study received Oct 5, 1967 under unknown admin, no.; CDL:110733-A)
MRID: 40701200
Citation: Great Lakes Chemical Corp. (1988) Submission of Data To Support
Registration of CN-1291: Product Chemistry and Toxicology Data. Transmittal of 4
studies.
MRID: 40701201
Citation: Handy, R. (1988) CN 1291: Product Chemistry Data: Product Identity and
Composition. Unpublished study prepared by Great Lakes Chemical Corp. 4 p.
MRID: 40701202
Citation: Handy, R. (1988?) CN-1291: Product Chemistry Data: Analysis and
Certification of Product Ingredients. Unpublished study prepared by Great Lakes
Chemical Corp. 15 p.
MRID: 40701203
Citation: Handy, R. (1988?) CN-1291 Product Chemistry Data: Physical and Chemical
Characteristics. Unpublished study prepared by Great Lakes Chemical Corp. 4 p.
MRID: 40701204
Citation: Jagannath, D. (1988) Mutagenicity Test on CN-1291 in the Ames
Salmonella/Microsome Reverse Mutation Assay: Project ID: 10292-0-401. Unpublished
study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 31 p.
MRID: 46009300
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2003) Submission of Product Chemistry,
Environmental Fate, Exposure and Toxicity Data in Support of the Application for
Registration of Multiguard Protect. Transmittal of 6 Studies.
MRID: 46009301
16
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Citation: Eickhoff, J. (2003) Multiguard Protect - Product Identity, Composition, and
Analysis. Project Number: MG/PROTECT/2003/NFG/, 13256, P803. Unpublished study
prepared by Toxcel LLC and Product Safety Labs. 95 p.
MRID: 46009302
Citation: Eickhoff, J. (2003) Multiguard Protect - Physical and Chemical
Characteristics. Project Number: MG/PROTECT/2003/NFG/, /PROTECT/2003/NFG/03,
13258. Unpublished study prepared by: Toxcel LLC and Product Safety Labs. 78 p.
MRID: 46009303
Citation: Eickhoff, J. (2003) Multiguard Protect - Chemical Identity and Directions for
Use. Project Number: MG/PROTECT/2003/NFG/04. Unpublished study prepared by
Toxcel LLC. lip.
MRID: 46009304
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2003) Multiguard Protect - Laboratory Volatility. Project
Number: MG/PROTECT/2003/NFG/05. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 16
P-
MRID: 46009307
Citation: Katz, A. (2003) Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Multiguard Protect in Rats.
Project Number: MG/PROTECT/2003/NFG/8, P330/ILL2. Unpublished study prepared
by Toxcel LLC and Product Safety Labs. 38 p.
MRID: 46009311
Citation: Johnston, J. (2003) Occupational Exposure Assessment for Application of
Multiguard Protect to Non-Food Crops in Greenhouses. Project Number:
FURFURAL/03/01, WD004/000/AOTO/0503/. Unpublished study prepared by Exponent.
23 p.
MRID: 46011000
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2003) Submission of Product Chemistry,
Environmental Fate, and Toxicity Data in Support of the Application for Registration of
Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 20 Studies.
MRID: 46011001
Citation: Eickhoff, J. (2003) Furfural Technical - Product Identity, Composition, and
Analysis. Project Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/02. Unpublished study prepared by
Toxcel LLC. 207 p.
MRID: 46011002
Citation: Eickhoff, J. (2003) Furfural Technical - Physical and Chemical Characteristics.
Project Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/03, 12336. Unpublished study prepared by
Toxcel LLC. 182 p.
MRID: 46011003
17
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Citation: Eickhoff, J. (2003) Furfural Technical - Chemical Identity and Directions for
Use. Project Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/04. Unpublished study prepared by
Toxcel LLC. lip.
MRID: 46011004
Citation: McLaughlin, S. (2003) (Carbon 14) Furfural-Determination of pH Dependent
Hydrolysis. Project Number: 13782.6101. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn
Smithers Laboratories. 80 p.
MRID: 46011005
Citation: McLaughlin, S. (2003) (Carbon 14)Furfural - Determination of
Photodegradation in an Aqueous Solution: Interim Report. Project Number: 13782/6103.
Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 116 p.
MRID: 46011006
Citation: McLaughlin, S. (2003) (Carbon 14)Furfural - Determination of Batch
Equilibrium Adsorption and Desorption Coefficients. Project Number: 13782/6102.
Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 119 p.
MRID: 46011007
Citation: Gledhill, W. (2003) (Carbon 14)Furfural - Aerobic Soil Metabolism Study.
Project Number: 13782/6100. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers
Laboratories. 112 p.
MRID: 46011008
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2003) Furfural Technical - Laboratory Volatility. Project
Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/09. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 16 p.
MRID: 46011009
Citation: Rana, M. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Furfural in Rats. Project
Number: 3884. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 65 p.
MRID: 46011010
Citation: Joseph, S. (2003) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study of Furfural in Rats. Project
Number: 3950. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 43 p.
MRID: 46011011
Citation: Katz, A. (2003) Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Furfural in Rats. Project Number:
FURFURAL/2003/NFG/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 38 p.
MRID: 46011012
Citation: Joseph, S. (2003) Acute Eye Irritation Study of Furfural in Rabbits. Project
Number: 3952. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 38 p.
MRID: 46011013
Citation: Joseph, S. (2003) Acute Dermal Irritation Study of Furfural in Rabbits. Project
18
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Number: 3951. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 35 p.
MRID: 46011014
Citation: Joseph, S. (2003) Skin Sensitisation Study of Furfural in Guinea Pigs (Guinea
Pig Maximization Test). Project Number: 3953. Unpublished study prepared by Jai
Research Foundation. 51 p.
MRID: 46011015
Citation: Kelley, J.; Eickhoff, J.; Katz, A. (2003) Furfural Technical - 90-Day Oral
Toxicity in Rodents. Project Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/16. Unpublished study
prepared by Toxcel LLC. 32 p.
MRID: 46011016
Citation: Katz, A. (2003) Oncogenicity Studies of Furfural in Rodents. Project Number:
FURFURAL/2003/NFG/17. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 235 p.
MRID: 46011017
Citation: Haddouk, H. (1999) Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test: Furfural. Project
Number: 18384/MMO. Unpublished study prepared by Centre International de
Toxicologie. 37 p.
MRID: 46011018
Citation: Katz, A.; Eickhoff, J. (2003) In vivo Gene Mutation Study by Use of
LambdalacZ-transgenic Mice with Furfural: (Final Study). Project Number: 010/44074,
3934, V3934. Unpublished study prepared by TNO Voeding. 47 p.
MRID: 46011019
Citation: Katz, A.; Eickhoff, J. (2003) Furfural - Structural Chromosomal Aberrations.
Project Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/20. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel
LLC. 91 p.
MRID: 46011020
Citation: Eickhoff, J.; Katz, A. (2003) Furfural - DNA Damage and Repair. Project
Number: FURFURAL/2003/NFG/21. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 91
P-
MRID: 46028100
Citation: Agriguard Company, LLC (2003) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of
the Application for Registration of Multiguard Protect. Transmittal of 5 Studies.
MRID: 46028101
Citation: Mukherjee, A. (2003) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Multiguard Protect in
Rats. Project Number: 4227. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 39
P-
MRID: 46028102
19
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Citation: Mukherjee, A. (2003) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study of Multiguard Protect in
Rats. Project Number: 4228. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 43
P-
MRID: 46028103
Citation: Mukherjee, A. (2003) Acute Eye Irritation Study of Multi guard Protect in
Rabbits. Project Number: 4230. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation.
39 p.
MRID: 46028104
Citation: Mukherjee, A. (2003) Acute Dermal Irritation Study of Multiguard Protect in
Rabbits. Project Number: 4229. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation.
34 p.
MRID: 46028105
Citation: Mukherjee, A. (2003) Skin Sensitization Study of Multiguard Protect in
Guinea Pigs [Guinea Pig Maximization Test]. Project Number: 4231. Unpublished study
prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 50 p.
MRID: 46106300
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2003) Submission of Environmental Fate and
Toxicity Data in Support of the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical.
Transmittal of 2 Studies.
MRID: 46106301
Citation: Gledhill, W. (2003) (Carbon 14) Multiguard Protect - Volatility from Soil
Under Laboratory Conditions. Project Number: 13782/6109. Unpublished study
prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 82 p.
MRID: 46106302
Citation: Merkel, D. (2003) Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats: Furfural Technical.
Project Number: 13613, P330/ILL. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs,
Food Products Laboratory and Silliker Laboratories of New Jersey, Inc. 44 p.
MRID: 46109500
Citation: Agriguard Company, LLC (2003) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of
the Application for Registration of Multiguard Protect. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46109501
Citation: Merkel, D. (2003) Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats: Multiguard Protect.
Project Number: 13686, P330/ILL2. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety
Labs, Food Products Laboratory and Silliker Laboratories of New Jersey, Inc. 38 p.
MRID: 46147600
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2003) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of
the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
20
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MRID: 46147601
Citation: Nemec, M. (1997) A Developmental Toxicity Study of Furfural in Rats: Final
Report. Project Number: WIL/12378. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research
Laboratories, Inc. 346 p.
MRID: 46207300
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2004) Submission of Toxicity and Risk Data in
Support of the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 4
Studies.
MRID: 46207301
Citation: Palmer, S.; Kendall, T.; Krueger, H. (2004) Furfural: A 96-Hour Flow-Through
Acute Toxicity Test with the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Final Report. Project
Number: 566A/101, 566/1002/BLU/96H2/OECD/OPPTS/1 OOP/604. Unpublished study
prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd. 54 p.
MRID: 46207302
Citation: Knapp, J. (2004) A Dose Range-Finding Developmental Toxicity Study of
Technical Grade Furfural in Rabbits: Final Report. Project Number: WTL/477001.
Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Laboratories, Inc. 354 p.
MRID: 46207303
Citation: Knapp, J. (2004) A Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study of Furfural in
Rabbits: Final Report. Project Number: WIL/477002. Unpublished study prepared by
WIL Research Laboratories, Inc. 485 p.
MRID: 46207304
Citation: Katz, A.; Eickhoff, J. (2004) WHO Safety Evaluations of Furfural. Project
Number: FURFURAL/2004/1. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 108 p.
MRID: 46331500
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2004) Submission of Toxicity, Exposure and Risk
Data in Support of the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of
3 Studies.
MRID: 46331505
Citation: Marvania, T. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) of Furfural to the Honeybee,
Apis Mellifera L.. Project Number: 3880. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research
Foundation. 28 p.
MRID: 46331506
Citation: Desai, N. (2002) Acute Toxicity Study of Furfural To Earthworm. Project
Number: 3879. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 21 p.
MRID: 46331507
21
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Citation: Whitmyre, G. (2004) Exposure and Risk Assessment for Indoor Non-
Residential Use of Multiguard Protect on Non-Food Crops: (Furfural). Project Number:
04/RS59, NTP/TR/382. Unpublished study prepared by Risksciences.Com, L.L.C. and
ToxcelLLC. 344 p.
MRID: 46343000
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2004) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of
the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 4 Studies.
MRID: 46343001
Citation: Desai, Y. (2004) Acute Immobilisation Study of Furfural in Daphnia magna.
Project Number: 4601. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 49 p.
MRID: 46343002
Citation: Desai, Y. (2004) Acute Toxicity Study of Furfural In Rainbow Trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss. Project Number: 4600. Unpublished study prepared by Jai
Research Foundation. 44 p.
MRID: 46343003
Citation: Kumar, A. (2004) Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Study of Furfural in Japanese
Quail. Project Number: 4604. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation.
48 p.
MRID: 46343004
Citation: Kumar, A. (2004) Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Study of Furfural in Mallard
Ducks. Project Number: 4605. Unpublished study prepared by Jai Research Foundation.
46 p.
MRID: 46406100
Citation: Agriguard Company, LLC (2004) Submission of Product Chemistry and
Toxicity Data in Support of the Application for Registration of Multiguard Protect.
Transmittal of 3 Studies.
MRID: 46406101
Citation: Wo, C. (2004) Two Year Storage Stability and Corrosion Characteristics - 12
Month Interim Report: Multiguard Protect. Project Number: 13257, P814. Unpublished
study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 43 p.
MRID: 46406102
Citation: Moore, G. (2004) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats: Furfural. Project
Number: P322/TOX, 15621. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 28 p.
MRID: 46406103
Citation: Moore, G. (2004) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats - Defined LD50: MP-
12. Project Number: P322/KATZ, 15139. Unpublished study prepared by Product
Safety Labs. 31 p.
22
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MRID: 46424100
Citation: Agriguard Company, LLC. (2004) Submission of Product Chemistry and
Toxicity Data in Support of the Application for Registration of Multiguard Protect.
Transmittal of 2 Studies.
MRID: 46424101
Citation: Moore, G. (2004) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats - Defined LD50:
Multiguard Protect. Project Number: P322/TOX, 16080. Unpublished study prepared by
Product Safety Labs. 37 p.
MRID: 46424102
Citation: Wo, C. (2004) Characterization of Active: Multiguard Protect. Project
Number: P803, 16079. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 21 p.
MRID: 46426500
Citation: Ariguard Company LLC (2004) Submission of Product Chemistry,
Environmental Fate, and Toxicity Data in Support of the Application for Registration of
Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 12 Studies.
MRID: 46426501
Citation: McLaughlin, S. (2004) [14-C]Furfural - Determination of Photodegradation in
an Aqueous Solution and Separation, Isolation and Identification of Photoproducts
Present at Less Than or Equal to 10% of Applied Dose. Project Number: 13782/6103.
Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 198 p.
MRID: 46426502
Citation: Gledhill, W. (2004) [14-C] Furfural - Anaerobic Soil Metabolism Study.
Proj ect Number: 13782/6110. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers
Laboratories. 161 p.
MRID: 46426503
Citation: Gledhill, W. (2004) [14-C]Furfural - Plant Uptake and Translocation Test.
Proj ect Number: 13782/6111. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers
Laboratories. 119 p.
MRID: 46426504
Citation: Muijser, J. (2004) A Sub-Acute (28-Day) Inhalation Toxicity Study with
Furfural in Rats. Proj ect Number: 010/40657, 2874, V2874. Unpublished study prepared
by TNO Netherlands Org. for Sci. Res. 202 p.
MRID: 46426505
Citation: Arts, J.; Muijser, H.; Appel, M.; et. al. (2004) Subacute (28-Day) Toxicity of
Furfural in Fischer 344 Rats: a Comparison of the Oral and Inhalation Route. Food and
Chemical Toxicology (42): 1389-1399.
23
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MRID: 46426506
Citation: Anton, R.; Barlow, S.; Boskou, D.; et. al. (2004) Furfural and Furfural
Diethylacetal: Opinion of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings,
Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food. The EFSA Journal 67(2004): 1-27.
MRID: 46426507
Citation: Blankinship, A.; Kendall, T.; Krueger, H. (2004) Furfural: A 96-Hour Shell
Deposition Test with the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica): Final Report. Project
Number: 566A/104. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd. 54 p.
MRID: 46426508
Citation: Blankinship, A.; Kendall, T.; Krueger, H. (2004) Furfural: A 96-Hour Flow
Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Saltwater Mysid (Americamysis bahia): Final
Report. Project Number: 566A/102. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife
International, Ltd. 52 p.
MRID: 46426509
Citation: Blankinship, A.; Kendall, T.; Krueger, H. (2004) Furfural: A 96 Hour Flow-
Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus):
Final Report. Project Number: 566A/103A. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife
International, Ltd. 53 p.
MRID: 46426511
Citation: Whitmyre, G. (2004) Assessment of Worker and Residential Exposures to
Furfural Associated with Use of Multiguard Protect on Turf. Project Number:
TC/04/RS64. Unpublished study prepared by Risksciences L.L.C. 59 p.
MRID: 46426512
Citation: Hlinka, D. (2004) Air Dispersion Modeling Analysis for Furfural Emissions
from Golf Courses, Turf Farms and Residential Turf Treatments of Multi guard Protect.
Unpublished study prepared by Sullivan Environmental Consulting. 12 p.
MRID: 46465500
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2005) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of
the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46465501
Citation: Bhoite, P. (2004) Repeated Dose 28-Day Dermal Toxicity Study of Furfural in
Rats Followed by a 4-Week Recovery Period. Project Number: 4700. Unpublished
study prepared by Jai Research Foundation. 325 p.
MRID: 46510600
Citation: Agriguard Company, LLC (2005) Submission of Environmental Fate Data in
Support of the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1
Study.
24
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MRID: 46510602
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2005) Supporting Data from "Aerobic Soil Metabolism Study of
Furfural" (MRID# 46011007) Referenced as Attachments A through I in Volume 1:
Response to EFED/ERD #4 in July 14, 2004 Comments in DER (DP Barcode D295312),
Completed March 29, 2005. Project Number: 13782/6100. Unpublished study prepared
byToxcelLLC. 105 p.
MRID: 46523600
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2005) Submission of Fate Data in Support of the
Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46523601
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2005) Response to EFED/ERB#4 6/8/2004 Comments in DER
(DP Barcode D295312) on the Phototransformation in Water of Furfural. Unpublished
study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 6 p.
MRID: 46523700
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC Submission of Fate Data in Support of the
Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46523701
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2005) Response to EFED/ERB #4 July 14, 2004 Comments in
DER (DP Barcode D295312) on the Aerobic Biotranformation of Furfural in Soil.
Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 19 p.
MRID: 46523800
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2005) Submission of Product Chemistry Data in
Support of the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 2
Studies.
MRID: 46523801
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2005) Response to EFED/ERB#4 7/18/2004 Comments in DER
(DP Barcode D295312) on the Adsorption/Desorption (Batch Equilibrium) Study
(MRID# 46011006) of Furfural. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 59 p.
MRID: 46523802
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2005) Data Waiver Request - Soil Column Leaching Study.
Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 9 p.
MRID: 46523900
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2005) Submission of Fate Data in Support of the
Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46523901
Citation: Kovacs, M. (2005) Response to EFED/ERB#4 6/15/2004 Comments in DER
(DP Barcode D298145) on the Laboratory Volatility of Furfural from Soil. Unpublished
25
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study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 3 p.
MRID: 46531400
Citation: Agriguard Co., LLC. (2005) Submission of Product Chemistry Data in Support
of the Application for Registration of Multi guard Project. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46531401
Citation: Wo, C. (2005) Two Year Storage Stability and Corrosion Characteristics:
Multiguard Protect. Project Number: P814, 13257. Unpublished study prepared by
Product Safety Laboratories. 48 p.
MRID: 46629400
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2005) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of
the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46629401
Citation: Nemec, M. (1997) A Dose Range-Finding Developmental Toxicity Study of
Furfural in Rats. Project Number: WIL/12377. Unpublished study prepared by WIL
Research Laboratories, Inc. 416 p.
MRID: 46701000
Citation: Agriguard Co., LLC (2005) Submission of Toxicity Data in Support of the
Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46701001
Citation: Merkel, D. (2005) Furfural Technical: 14-Day Repeat Dose Range Finding:
Rats Dermal. Proj ect Number: 16817, P204/R14. Unpublished study prepared by
Product Safety Laboratories. 72 p.
MRID: 46752300
Citation: Agriguard, LLC (2006) Submission of Toxicity, Exposure and Risk Data in
Support of the Application for Registration of Furfural Technical. Transmittal of 1
Study.
MRID: 46752301
Citation: Kovacs, M.; Katz, A.; Whitmyre, G. (2006) Response to HED/EFED Risk
Assessment Attached to EPA Letter (M. Waller) Dated November 4, 2005: (Furfural
Technical). Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel, LLC. 43 p.
MRID: 46758400
Citation: Agriguard Co., LLC (2006) Submission of Environmental Fate Data in Support
of the Application for Registration of Fufural Technical. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46758401
Citation: Gledhill, W. (2006) Raw Data Supplement to (Carbon 14)Multiguard Protect -
Volatility from Soil Under Laboratory Conditions (MRID #46106301) Original Report
26
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Submitted on October 27, 2003 in Support of Fufural Technical. Project Number:
13782/6109. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 20 p.
MRID: 46761400
Citation: Agriguard Company LLC (2006) Submission of Product Chemistry, Risk and
Exposure Data in Support of the Application for Registration of Fufural Technical.
Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46761401
Citation: Katz, A. (2006) Compilation of Information from the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists on Furfural. Project Number: 318090. Unpublished
study prepared by Toxcel, LLC. 28 p.
MRID: 46764800
Citation: Agriguard Co. LLC (2006) Submission of Residue Data in Support of the
Registration of Furfural Technical and Multiguard Protect. Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46764801
Citation: Somera, S. (2006) Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Study: Multiguard Protect.
Unpublished study prepared by Illovo Sugar Ltd. 44 p.
MRID: 46809700
Citation: Agriguard Company, LLC (2006) Submission of Residue Data in Support of
the Application for Registrations of Furfural Technical and Multiguard Protect.
Transmittal of 1 Study.
MRID: 46809701
Citation: Burger, G. (2006) Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Study for MultiGuard Protect.
Unpublished study prepared by Illovo Sugar Ltd. 49 p.
27
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