-------
Performance assessment of the aging
infrastructure is indispensable
The renewal of the drinking water infrastructure
has stagnated due to:
-A severe financial strain caused by declining
water demand/income and a weak economy
Considering these factors, we have to:
- Implement a we 11-structured program to
improve the infrastructure
- Invest capital efficiently to improve the
infrastructure
- Understand clearly the current infrastructure
performance levels
-------
The Japan Water Research
Center (JWRC) has
developed methods to:
• Assess the performance
of the drinking water
infrastructure
•Determine the framework
for improvements
The guidance manual was
published in 2005, and
distributed to the water
utilities by the Ministry of
Health, Labour and Welfare.
10
-------
Required Functions
Required functions
Main scope of function(s)
Basic functions
Water quality, pressure, quantity, etc.
Structural functions
Construction, material quality, performance
efficiency methods
Operative functions
Control, operation
Maintenance functions
Maintenance activities
Safety functions
Safety policies
Environmental
functions
Environmental protection, conservation
11
-------
05
E
I
0
0.
Declining Performance
and Improvements
Performance levels
at installation
Perrowjiance
decline
Required performance
desirable levels
y Improved
performance levels
o
«
Performance
assessment and
improvements
E
t 2
m o.
E
Installation
Present
Future
12
-------
Procedure to Assess Performance
and Improvements
Overall Plant Performance
Assessment
Individual Facility
Performance Assessment
Results of performance
assessment
Judge improvement
needs
Are
fequired performance
Bevels being
No
Select optimal measure(s) to
improve performance
Implement improvement
measures
Yes
13
-------
Overall Plant Performance Assessment
Prepare
data sheet
Calculate
assessment indices
Calculate
assessment scores
Obtain data from daily
operation and management
Judge earthquake resistance
using check sheets
Convert to scores
based on indices
Identify weak functions and
areas of poor performance
i
Benchmark scores
14
-------
Detail of the Overall Plant
Performance Assessment
Enter the necessary data in the data-sheet.
e.g. Average amount of purified water per day (A)
= 138,000 m3/d
Maximum amount of purified water per day (B)
= 180,000 m3/d
Calculate various evaluation indices based
on the data
e.g. Loading rate of Purification Plant
= (A)/(B)X100%
= 138,000/180,000X100 = 76.7
-------
Apply these indices to the standard tables
below to obtain a score for each item.
Evaluation index
coring criteria
1
0
Loading rate (%
80 - 100
60-69
Outside these ranges
Effective Operating
Rate %
70-89
90 - 100
60-69
Outside these ranges
Available Operating
Rate %
120 - 129
110- 119
100-109
130-149
Outside these ranges
•Lower scores indicate poor performance.
•The sum of all scores provides an overall
score for a particular purification plant.
•These scores allow different plants to be
compared. 1
-------
Example of Overall Plant Performance
Assessment Results
if if if if
^ fl£ Hi ^
if if tig if
if if
V V
if if
Indices
M /p Wi
Loading rate of the purification plant
Score = 2
CO
CM
17
-------
Individual Facility
Performance Assessment
Answer several prepared questions
about performance for each of
the facilities and/or equipment
Calculate
evaluative scores
Identify facilities/equipment
with poor performance
18
-------
Example of Facilities to be Assessed
Cate-
gory
Facility/equipment
Cate-
gory
Facility/equipment
Cate-
gory
Facility/equipment
(0
o
ts
o
Intake weir,
intake tower ,
intake gate,
intake culvert, crib
Submerged
catchment pipes,
shallow well,
deep well
Grit chamber
Receiving well
Chemical feeder
Coagulation basin
Sedimentation basin
Rapid sand filter
Slow sand filter
Membrane filtration
facility
c
o
ts
o
Clear water reservoir
Disinfecting facility
iE 2
V-s
Q_ O
Sludge drying bed
Dehydration facility
Aeration facility
Powdered activated
carbon facility
Granular activated
carbon facility
Ozonation facility
Biological treatment
facility
Iron and manganese
removal facility
Drained water basin,
sludge basin
Thickener
£i I
co .22 ~
Regulating reservoir
Distribution
reservoir
CO
4-»
C
CD
CO
C
CD
Q.
~3
CJ
LU
_0
"l_
4-1
O
ED
Pump
Voltage transforming
equipment
Emergency power
generator
Power control
equipment
Instrumentation
equipment
Monitoring & control
equipment
-------
Detail of the Individual Facility
Performance Assessment
There are predetermined questions (about
20 questions for each facility), which cover
four areas of performance. The score for
each question depends on the answer.
Questions
Answers
Scores
Is the amount of chlorine injection
adjusted appropriately for the
amount and quality of water?
Noproblem
__ _^ (100)
be sufficient, but generajT£goSr3> (50)
Sometimes causes problems. _ (0)
5 0
Are there any problems in injection,
such as leaks and scale buildup?
Noproblem (100)
Maynot be sufficient, but generally good (50)
Sometimes causes problems. " ^> (0)
0
20
-------
The scores for the questions in each
performance area are summed, and used
as the overall score for the performance
area. The score of the lowest performance
area provides a representative value for
the performance evaluation score of the
facility. Facilities with lower scores mean
that the performance of the facility has
deteriorated.
This method allows different types of
facilities to be directly compared.
21
-------
Example of Individual Facility
Performance Assessment Results (1)
100
80
60
CD
O
O40
CO
20
Average score
m B
^ f$
SB
II >H
m
SB
Disinfection
facility
Equipment
and/or facility
ifr
pull pull
to to
SB
PAC adsorption
facility
-------
Example of Individual Facility
Performance Assessment Results (2)
Disinfection facility
PAC adsorption facility
Overall score
100
Technical
level
Aging
Overall score
100 ^
80
Basic
performance
Technical
level
Basic
performance
Management
conditions
Aging
Management
conditions
23
-------
Determining the Improvement Needs
and Framework
Identify the reasons for declining performance
\7
Impact of functional breakdown =
(Affected peoplexperiodxfrequency)
Judge improvement needs
Select optimal
improvement strategies
Formulate a framework
for improvements
Efficiency, rationality,
and financial impact of
proposed strategies
24
-------
Conclusions
The current performance assessment method
is not adaptable to assess pipeline
performance.
A comparable method to assess pipeline
performance is greatly needed.
Since 2008 JWRC has been developing a
performance assessment method specifically
for the pipeline, as part of research
subsidized by the Ministry of Health, Labour
and Welfare.
JWRC is also improving the current
performance assessment method using
several case-study analyses. 25
-------
Thank you very much
for your attention
Japan Water Research Center
http://www.jwrc-net. or.jp/
26
-------
Additional Slides
27
-------
How did two peaks
in the investment chart occur?
The first peak was due to facility
construction in response to combining
and integrating the existing water
supply areas. This was triggered by the
national subsidy program.
The second peak was due to active
facility construction funded by the
national subsidy program again for
Advanced Treatment Facilities.
28
-------
Serviceable lifetime of
purification plants and pipelines
Local Public Enterprise Law specifies:
40 years for pipelines
60 years for reinforced concrete
structures
20 years for electrical facilities
15 years for pumping facilities and
chemical injection facilities
10 years for disinfection facilities
29
-------
The major improvements in the existing
performance assessment manual
• Clear definitions of the terminology
used in the manual
• Detailed explanations on the
implementation of assessment
• Examples of data entries and
calculations in the forms
30
-------
Required number of data and
evaluation items to evaluate
different types of facilities
Type of facility
Required data
(number of data to be
entered in data sheet)
Number of
evaluation items
Intake station
65
17
Water conveyance
pumping station
16
10
Water purification
plant
79
22
Water transmission
station
16
10
Water distribution
pumping station
47
26
31
-------
Determining the improvement
needs and framework
First, possible causes for performance
degradation are considered.
e.g. Broken or deteriorated components,
out- of-date technology, etc.
The magnitude of the impact is estimated in
the case of breakdown.
- Number of affected people
- Duration of the event
- Frequency of the event
32
-------
• Improvement strategies and methods are
proposed.
e.g. Updating facilities, replacement of
component parts, consolidating with
similar facilities, etc.
• Then to determine the final improvement
measure, the following is evaluated for each
strategy/method:
- Efficiency
- Rationality
- Financial impact
• It is also necessary to determine beforehand
which evaluation criteria is the most important.
33
-------
Sustainability of Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and
Wastewater / Storm Water Treatments
Sustainability: The Las Vegas Approach
Mr. Richard B. Holmes
Director of Environmental Resources
Southern Nevada Water Authority
-------
SOUTHERN NEVADA WATER AUTHORITY
Sustainability:
The Las Vegas Approach
Richard B. Holmes,
Director of Environmental Resources
March, 2009
-------
Mission, Vision and Values
Mission
- Partner to provide reliable, quality water, ensuring the sustainability
of our desert community and serving our customers responsibly.
Vision: "People Leading the Way"
- Partnering with our diverse community in sustaining water resources
- Partnering to provide quality service that exceeds expectations
- Partnering to be stewards of resources for future generations
Values
- Respect for People
- Integrity
- Service
- Excellence
- Sustainability
-------
Sustainability Strategic Plan
Water
Energy
Public education, outreach and
partnerships
Organizational and individual behavior
-------
Southern Nevada
Desert Environment
1 Average rainfall of 4.5"
• Peak temps of 110+
1 13 rain events annually
1 250 new residents daily
1 40 million visitors yearly
-------
Metered Water Consumption
2006 SNWA Service Area Municipal Metered Water Consumption
2006 Municipal Metered Water Consumption
Use By Customer Type
Common Areas
4.9%
Other
4.1%
Schools/Govt/Rarks
4.8%
Golf Courses
7.4%
Resorts
6.8%
Commercial / Industrial
13.5%
Residential (MF)
14.7%
Residential (SF)
43.8%
-------
Single Family Household Water Use
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
69.2%
Consumptive Use
Non- Consumptive Uses
8-2% 6.7% 51% 4 oo/ .yj
*j. i /u t.u/o *t.£/n
i 1 n 7% n 5% 0 4%
i
-------
Water Conservation
The SNWA's aggressive mix of incentives, regulations,
education and pricing has created one of the most
recognized conservation programs in the nation.
Conservation Toolbox
-------
Water Conservation
Key Policies
• Seasonally-restricted watering schedules
Turf conversion & restrictions
Golf course water budgets
Incentive programs
Water waste enforcement
Rates to encourage conservation
-------
Water Conservation
The Water Smart Landscape Program provides a cash
incentive to commercial and residential customers to
convert grass to water efficient landscaping.
-------
Water Conservation
From inception of SNWA Water Smart Landscape program in 1999:
• More than 11 million square meters of turf has been removed
• More than 25 billion litres of water saved annually
-------
Water Conservation
The SNWA's conservation programs
have demonstrated real results.
There has been a cultural change
in the way Southern Nevadans use water.
-------
Conservation Achievements
400,000
300,000
2
o
V)
co
200,000 -
100,000 -
0
325,000
•
270,000 265,000 265,000 265,000
279,000
1
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Southern Nevada's consumptive water use declined approximately
15 percent between 2002 and 2007, despite the fact that there were
nearly 400,000 new residents and nearly 40 million annual visitors.
-------
Conservation Achievements
1990 - 2008 Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD)
Water Usage
400
329 327 329
347 344 339 337
322 317 315 315 318 314
GOAL 250 GPCD BY 2010
GOAL 199 GPCD BY 2035
294
274 269 264
^Mr-^—I 255
Tnnn
249
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Est.
Calendar Year
-------
WaterSmart Innovations Conference
First-of-its-kind event held annually
World's largest conference on urban water management
and efficiency
More than 1,300 participants
Attendees from 17 different nations
More than 160 professional sessions
More than 140 exhibits
4
waters mart 08
I N N OVATI ONS
-------
Energy - Fleet
Goal: 100 percent alternative-fueled vehicle fleet by 2015
• Currently, 79 percent alternative-fueled fleet
- Biodiesel
- Compressed natural gas
- Hybrid
2008 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Institute
(AFVI) Green Ribbon Award
Named the seventh best "green" fleet in
North America by Government Fleet
Magazine
In 2007, completed construction of a solar-
driven hydrogen refueling station
-------
Energy - Power Supply
Silverhawk Power Generation Facility
SNWA holds 25 percent interest
570-megawatt power plant
"Dry cooled" power plant that produces
electricity using one-tenth of the water
consumed by traditional "wet-cooled"
power plants
-------
Energy - Power Supply
LVVWD Distributed Solar Array project
- Solar panels at six LVVWD storage and
distribution sites
- 3.1 megawatt sites will collectively produce
about 5.3 million kWh (kilowatt hours) per
year
SNWA designing 450 kW of solar photovoltaic
systems to power two water treatment facilities
- Combined, will generate approximately
920,000 kWh (kilowatt hours) per year
- Equivalent energy usage of more than 60
Las Vegas households
-------
Energy - Power Supply
Approximately 10 percent of SNWA's annual
power supply comes from Hoover Dam
hydro power
SNWA has developed hydropower projects at
three Rate of Flow Control Stations (ROFCS)
- Generate more than 2 megawatts combined
Ground water Project
- Potential for half of power requirements to be
generated by in-line turbines (more than 30
megawatts)
- Remainder of power requirements to be
provided from renewable energy sources
(solar, wind, geothermal)
-------
Environmental Stewardship
Development of new resources can not come at the
expense of the surrounding environment.
The SNWA is proactively engaged in a
number of efforts to safeguard Nevada
and protect the environment.
Examples:
- Las Vegas Wash
- Development of in-state groundwater resources
-------
Las Vegas Wash
Primary discharge point for treated wastewater flows
Critical in protecting the region's primary water supply
$165 million effort among local, state and federal
agencies
Revegetated nearly 80 hectares of wetlands habitat
Constructed 11 erosion control structures
Stabilized more than 8.8 km of embankment
Removed more than 225,000 Kg of trash
50 percent decrease in total suspended solids
Significant reductions in other contaminants
Increased habitat for bird, fish, mammal and reptilian
species
-------
Groundwater Development Project
'
i , L
•
X.
Spring Valley
Snake Valley
Cave Valley
Dry Lake Valley
Delamar Valley
Coyote Spring Valley
-------
Groundwater Development Project
When granting applications, the State Engineer
considers:
- Is there water available from the proposed source
(perennial yield of groundwater basin)?
- Will the application conflict with existing rights?
- Will granting the applications be in the public interest?
- Will it interfere with domestic wells?
-------
Groundwater Development Project
Hydrological Monitoring
Developing highly
sophisticated ground and
surface water monitoring
network
Installed real-time data
collection at various sites
Installed evapotranspiration
stations
-------
Groundwater Development Project
Hydrological Monitoring
Partnered with USGS and Desert
Research Institute
Developing comprehensive
groundwater model characterizing
aquifer
SNWA will have more than 180 groundwater
and surface water monitoring locations,
providing an early warning system to avoid
adverse impacts.
-------
Groundwater Development Project
Biological Monitoring
Conducted pedestrian surveys of
400 miles of proposed alignment
and alternatives
Logged each sensitive plant species
within the proposed alignment
(GPS)
Documented all flora and fauna
within the proposed alignment
Conducted regional studies of areas
outside the alignment to better
understand the characteristics of
the basins
-------
Groundwater Development Project
Biological Monitoring
Conducted extensive bird, reptile and
small mammal surveys
Conducted a comprehensive invasive
weed survey of 23,000 acres
Partnered with the Smithsonian
Institute to study spring snails
Characterized ecological conditions of
over 100 springs in project area
The SNWA hired expert botanists in the
region to assist with the gathering of
sensitive plant species information
-------
Sustainability - The Las Vegas Approach
Water
- Conservation
Energy
- Fleet
- Power Supply
Environmental Stewardship
"Las Vegas Wash
- Ground water Development Project
-------
SOUTHERN NEVADA WATER AUTHORITY
-------
Sustainability of Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and
Wastewater / Storm Water Treatments
Sewer Management in Japan - an Overview
Mr. Takashi Sakakibara
Head, Wastewater and Sludge Management System Division
Water Quality Control Department
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Tourism
-------
Sewer Management in Japan
-an overview
I L I
Takashi SAKAKIBARA, Yosuke MATSUMIYA,
Yasuo FUKUDA
Wastewater System Division, NILIM, MLIT
-------
Introduction of NILIM - Wastewater System Div.
I L I
i
Wastewater Planning
Asset Management, Quick-construction project
Technical strategy for wastewater engineering
Sewer System Maintenance
Road cave-in problem v storage pit problem
Stormwater Control
CSO control, rainfall infiltration enhancement
Communication method in heavy rainfall
I Watershed Management
Northwest Pacific Sea Marine Env. Protection
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Presentation Outline
I L I
1. Sewers in Japan
- statistical overview
2. Sewers Asset Management
-current status in Japan
3. Research Topics
- for better Sewer
Asset Management Plan
1 180,000
! 160,000
: _ 140,000
! -6,120,000
| | 100,000
I | 80,000
I g 60,000
! 40,000
!
• 20,000
0
i
!
Annual c ave-in case
P
• .•i.i.n.n.n.n. .,v
1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 197
rfl ''
i El =
t:;;: !
0 1990
— HI Annual Cave-in case _•_ Total sewer
M\\\\IMC\\
nil j'j)'
(Inn,
— Ji
& <#• # <#> ^ ^ ^ ^
year
length T 420 :
J "0 '
XL li
n li
1|
|i
fe •
u :
ift :
3 :
^ ^
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastraure Management
-------
Presentation Outline
N I L I M
1. Sewers in Japan
- statistical overview
2. Sewers Asset Management
-current status in Japan
3. Research Topics
"for better Sewer Asset Management Plan
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Closing Gap on SPR, JP-US
so
0s-
^
&
C
0
« i-H
^— >
J3
3
dn
O
PLH
-G
00
100
80
60
40
20
0
J
-£©
^ Tar\ar| T 7
JdLJClll
• us • • o*
^
•
84% of
sanitary
treatment
;rat(
1960
1970 1980
1990 2000
2010
Source; US data: Needs Survey, JP data: Budget Request Outline 2008
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
A
I L I M
14,000
12,000
10,000
£8,000
* 6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Declining Capital Expenditure, JP
Sewerage Capital Expenditure
60000
50000
40000
30000
g;
o
20000
10000
0
n;
Source; US data: A retrospective Assessment of the Costs of the Clean Water Act 1972 to 1997,
JP data: Sewerage Budget Request Outline 2008 MLIT
March 3,2009 6
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
I L I
180,000
160,000
_ 140,000
^120,000
I 100,000
° 80,000
tb
g 60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1870
Sewer of JP is younger
n ,n ,n ,n
1890
1910
1930
1950
1970
1990
Histogram of Sewer Installation Length per decade
Source; US data: Gap Analysis, JP data: New Info by Our Research
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Presentation Outline
M 1 L I M
1. Sewers in Japan
- statistical overview
2. Sewers Asset Management
-current status in Japan
3. Research Topics
"for better Sewer Asset Management Plan
March 3,2009
8
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
A
Current Sewer O&M
Experience based approach by big cities
Baby boomers retirement & downsizing
Neglected O&M by Small/Medium Cities, due
to insufficient resource; human & finance
Need for AM approach for all cities
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
I I I M
7000
6000
GO 5000
eg
S 4000
u
^ 3000
2000
1000
0
March 3,2009
Increasing Road Cave-Ins,
as Consequence of Failure
Annual Cave-in case
\
Total sewer length
420
360^
E
_^
300 ^
cd
240 o
180
W)
120 ft
£
60 13
-(—>
o
-<—>
0
year
Source: Sewerage Budget Request Outline 2008
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
10
-------
Source: Sewerage Budget Request
Outline 2008 (left) & Tokyo
Metropolitan Gov website (right)
March 3,2009
• I L I M
11
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Where do thev ha
public sewer g.] = [©public sewer] + [©joint between PS. & M.] + [©Joint between^
PS.&Lat]
[lateral g.] = [©lateral] + [©Joint between PS. & Lat] + [©joint between Lat. &
M.]
+ [©joint between Lat. & CO.]
[manhole g.] = [©manhole] + [© joint between PS. & M.] + [©joint between Lat.
[cleanputg.]
out] + [g^jgint between Ljal
March 3,2009
12
National Ingfltut^forXand and Infrastructure Management
-------
25
0)
w
£ 20
Laterals Blamed Most,
ExDonential Increase
Source: Proceedings of Research
Conference 2008, JSWA
* Public Sewer related
• Lateral related
A Manhole related
x Cleanout related
0.09C3x
y = 0.0497e
_R?__=_QjB6Q3.
y = 0.0751000607^
R^O.8671
"y = 0.0144eao78
F^ = 0.8275
= 0.0334e° °51
R2 = 0.7121
3x
0 10
March 3,2009
80 90 100
20 30 40 50 60 70
age
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
13
-------
A
Flat or Downward O&M Expenditure
2,000
1600
CD
>^
a
o
o
o
C/3
o
u
1,200
800
400
0
Sewer Length -A- Expenditure on Sewer O&M
Sour
Pr
>ceeding
sofR
search Con fen nc
e2
ILIM
500
400
o
o
o
300
60
200^
o5
CD
100^
0
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
14
-------
A
^^•^
N I L I I
mno
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
^7
&>
What are Major Cities doing for AM?
March 3,2009
v
4?
D Not Planed
D Considering
• Underway
D Completed
Source: New Info by Our Research
15
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
A
Presentation Outline
1. Sewers in Japan
- statistical overview
2. Sewers Asset Management
-current status in Japan
3. Research Topics
"for better Sewer Asset Management Plan
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
16
-------
Our research goal for Sewer AM
Average Survival Curve (ASC)
=>Long term budget planning for financial sustainability
• How many kilometers of failed sewers that need rehabilitation
exist now?
• How fast do those sewers increase in future?
• How many kilometers of sewers need survey every year?
Risk Evaluation Tool on Failed Sewers for Prioritization of
Necessary Actions
=>Long term work program for sewer service sustainability
• Which sewers should be surveyed & rehabilitated first?
• Which sewers are likely to be failing ?
• How big are the consequences of failed sewers? How much is
a sewer collapse damage?
March 3,2009
17
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
How to draw ASC ?
I L t
3) ASC by integration of SCS&SCR
=>Shows ASC with no rehab
Survival Curve using Survey data (SCS) ^^^^^^^
^Collect CCTV & Eye Inspection data from 2,700 km
Sewers. Death defined by deterioration level. ||||||||
Survival Curve using Rehab incl. Repair &
Replacement
=> Use rehab length data for 400,000km of entire |1||1
nationwide sewers in 2006. Death defined by Rehab &
Replacement
18
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Grading Criteria for Sewer Span
I L t
Emergency category Criteria of Assessment
Timing of Necessary Action
critical A doimnant
bad few A & B dominant
immediate
Wthin 5 years after makeshift repair
not well No A, few B & C dominant [njafrears or later after makBshift
Definition of 'Dead' sewers for SCS
Dead: Emergency 1+2, most municipalities rehabilitate EM
1 +2 sewers
Alive: Emergency 3 & No Problem
Underestimate for physical decay
March 3,2009
2008/10/7
19
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
• I L I M
CCTV Survey of Sewer Span
Criteria of Sewer Condition Assessment,
Example
Mode by Span Basis
B
corrosion
sag
exposed metal bar
Diameter or over
exposed gravel
Half Diameter or over
rough wall
below half diameter
Mode by Pipe Basis
a
fracture
crack circumferential
joint
leak
lateral projection
root intrusion
grease slime
Mortar,
Marr.h 3 ?009
partially missing or
longitudal crack of 5mm or
5mm or over 2mm or over
longitudal crack of 2mm or over
displaced
splashing
Half Diameter or over
Half Diameter or over
blocked
30% diameter or over
blocked
70mm open or over
runnig
1/10 Diameter or over
below Half Diameter blocked
10% diameter or over blocked
longitudal crack of below 2mm
below 2mm
below 70mm open
surface stain
below 1/10 Diameter
na
below 10% diameter blocked
20.
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Survival Curve bv Survev data: SCS
I L t
100
90
« 80
(S 70
£ 60
= 50
40
S 30
X 20
« 10
Source: Proceedings of Research Conference 2008, JS WA
Age
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
• • *••--
.V, fV
^^^ HH IJ
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
21
-------
Survival Curve bv Rehab: SCR
0
March 3,2009
• I L I M
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age
Source: Proceedings of Research Conference 2008, JSWA
22
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
100
90
70
>> 60
t 50
S 40
-
. 20
10
0
Actual Survival Curve
13 yrs
Age
N I L I M
82 yrs
March 3,2009
Source: Proceedings of Research Conference 2008, JSWA
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
23
-------
Conclusion & Necessary Research
• ILI
3) Average Survival Curve for the estimate of work
volume of Survey & Rehabilitation was gained.
1.44 % of sewers over age 13 added each year to the
work volume.
Necessary to draw ASC by sewer material type as it is
influential
March 3,2009
24
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Risk evaluation based on sewer cave-in events
L I
Sewer cave-ins are increasing, especially in major cities, totaling
more than 4000 cases each year. Prevention of the cave-ins is
requested socially.
MLIT HQs & NILIM conduct national survey on sewer cave-ins
every year. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Using the data, cave-in frequency prediction formula was
developed as part of risk evaluation tool, gill 11111
© Currently, working on prediction model of damage magnitude by
failed sewers to develop prioritization method for survey & |1111
rehabilitation
March 3,2009
25
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Future necessary research
[Valuated Risk ] = [Cave-in damage cost] x [frequecy] x [sewer
lengthl
1.56(WlOOkm
0
2008/10/7
^ Risk Valuation N\
By span or Area
Prioritization of
action; survey &
V mhah J
Damage cost
prediction
Possible parameters;
time & cost for repair
work, traffic density,
depth of sewers
Under Research
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
26
-------
Thank you for your attention
March 3,2009
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Image of Budget Annuity
• I L I M
March 3,200
28
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
-------
Sustainability of Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and
Wastewater / Storm Water Treatments
st
Sustainable Water Infrastructure for the 21 Century
Dr. James A. Goodrich
Senior Environmental Scientist
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Sustainable Water
Infrastructure for the
21st Century (Total
Water Management)
James A. Goodrich, Ph.D.
Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Ph.D.
\\'M n in i > . !
Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
March 3, 2009
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Developed Countries with Decaying
Infrastructure and Developing Regions
Appear to be on Unsustainable Pathways
•Systems are aging
•Populations are increasing and shifting
geographically
•Current treatment may not be sufficient
•Research investment has declined
•Central vs. decentralized approaches
•Climate change
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Water Infrastructure Sustainability and
Adaptation in the 21st Century Requires a
Paradigm Shift towards:
Integration of water, energy and transport services
Technological and institutional changes to orient the
systems towards more sustainable water services
Flexible and feasible tools that are able to
holistically consider water quality, water quantity,
management and reuse of separated 'waste'
including wastewater streams, and the energy
utilization efficiencies
-------
vvEPA
Likely trends / Implications
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
•Aging Infrastructure/Climate Change/Population
Shifts:
-Flood, drought, more intense storms, sewer overflows, power
outages
-Aging population, more prone to respiratory diseases
(Legionellosis etc.)
• Need to reduce greenhouse gases:
-Move less water over shorter distances/recycle, particularly reuse
of grey water with in homes
-Water footprint vs. Carbon footprint
• Renewable energy/recovery:
-Utilize energy within 'wastes' / energy recovery
-Urban agriculture / recycle of local nutrients
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Urban Water Cycle is no longer
Sustainable
1. Big-Pipe-In/Big-Pipe-Out approach of
the last 150 years not adequate to
address future needs
2. Need for nutrient recycling to
agriculture
3. Water-energy nexus
-------
vvEPA
The Formidable Challenges
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Do we know enough to adapt?
What is the uncertainty in predictions? And how
to deal with it?
What methods and techniques are available?
What science and engineering can do?
Success of our efforts in meeting the challenge
hinges on two essential elements:
- Our ability to identify the natural variation
components for adaptation;
- Our ability to determine the anthropogenic
causes of climate change for mitigation
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
vvEPA
Research Questions
and Topics
1. Downscaling, and how to use it in local
applications
2. Predictions of impacts on hydrology and
water quality in watershed scales
3. Engineering information and tools
4. Planning and engineering of water
infrastructure for sustainability
-------
Cone of Relative Uncertainty
Potential
Scenarios
Future Horizon
Increasing Uncertainty
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
The nation's demographic pattern
35
g-c
O o
°- =
•SE
0> r-
£
o
20
15
0
&
<& .o
NJ v
f «.' «.^ «.^ ^.X «.X ^.^ «.^ x^'' «.^ «.^
$>
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Water Use Trends in the U.S.
300
Public supply
Rural domestic and livestock
Irrigation
Thermoelectric power
Other industrial use
Total withdrawals
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Source: USGS Circular 1268
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Population shifts
Mean Center of Population for Ihe United States 1790 to 2000
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
I960
liurr j t- (SecevintaJ ccttiui. of
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Changing patterns in land use density
Average
opukition f
square mile
10,000
- r-Q nnn
Snnn
7nnn
6nnn
5 iT) /in
4nnn
3nnn
2 Ann
Innn
n -
Fhe average density of the urban population
started a dramatic decline after 1 950
(The 1OO largest cities)
— -~ ' N.
X
x^^^
^^""^^.^^^
;
1910 1920 1930 1940 195O 196O
Years
1970 1980 1990
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
A particular situation is a reflection of the
demographic patterns of the specific region
Seven Metropolitan Regions That Currently Have Similar Service
Populations
O
TJ
CB
O
o
O
1000
Q.
O
0.
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2.0%
15%
0 1,0%
o>
0.5%
0.0%
1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990
Year Installed
IU: .•!• ioj Current]ni.
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency I
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
More pipe in lower condition levels
will impact costs and performance
Excellent
Good
Fair
1980
2000
Poor
| | Very Poor
Life Elapsed
2020
Approximately 2 - 2.5 Million Miles Water /
Wastewater: Public / Private
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Water / wastewater systems are capital intensive
Net Plant /
Revenue
Water Divers. Local Gas Gas
Tel, Exch. Tel, Pipelines Distrib,
Electric
Purvenas, T.J., "Infrastrurfi.ire Replacement -Credit Quality Concerns" Water, Spring 1998,
Motional Association of Water Companies, Washington, D.O
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Water, sewerage and drainage (30 to 35%)
of All Capital Investment in an urban lot
Education
Transport
Rec --'onnrnunity Health
Water Supply
T el ecommuni ca tio
ne and Postal
Electricity and Gas
An Australian study on the relative capital
costs of all forms of infrastructure investment
to serve a typical lot in Melbourne.
Drainage
Roads
Sewerage
Water Resource
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
The projected growth alone, could produce
BODj loadings similar to the mid-1970s
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
Source: USEPA, Progress in Water
Quality: An Evaluation of the
Notional Investment in Municipal
Wastewater Treatment, June 2000.
1968 1972 1778 1996 2016
BODu (Metric Tons Per Day)
2O25
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Water Resource Integrity
Source Water Quality Integrity
• Treatment and maintenance of finished water quality
Hydraulic Integrity
• Refers to the maintenance of a desirable water flow, water
pressure and water age while providing potable drinking water
and fire flow
Physical Integrity
• Maintenance of physical barrier between the distribution,
collection, and wastewater treatment system and the external
environment
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Water resources are vulnerable to
contamination through:
• Contaminated source water
• Backflow
• Intrusion
• Tanks,
• Cross-connections
• Deliberate injection
• Treatment by-pass
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Climate Change DBF Precursor Impacts
• NOM • THMs Increased
• Algae • DHANs Increased
• Bromide • Brominated
Increased/TTHM shift
• Variable by DBP class
and pH
Temperature *lncrease most in h'9h
temperature sources
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Unregulated (Emerging) DBFs
More than 600 DBFs have been identified
Little known about occurrence and toxicity of
unregulated DBFs
Mostly in vitrocyto-and genotoxicitytests in current
thrust of health effects research
Still considerable need to link these tests to
carcinogenicity and human health effects
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Health Effects Data for Emerging DBFs
Brominated DBFs are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than the
chlorinated analogues
Indication that the iodo-substituted DBFs (iodoacids) are of
health concern (cytotoxic and genotoxic) (in-vitro studies)
Nitrogenous DBFs (N-DBPs) may be of greater health concern
than the carbonaceous DBFs
Iodo-substituted DBFs and N-DBPs occur at significantly lower
concentrations ,but some toxicity indices suggest orders of
magnitude greater potency
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
CERAMET 2 - Net3.inp
File .Edit View Project Report Window JH
IZ1
1 Net work Map
RIVER
Day 1, 12:00 AM
LAKE
TRACE LAKE
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
percent
Flow Units: GPM
Zoom: 1 00
Run Status:
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
-------
The Distribution System as Reactor
PIPE SURFACE
Red ox
Reactions
Detachment
Heterotppns Coliforms
Biofilm/regrowth
(g) 1996 CENTER FOR BIOFILM ENGINEERING, MSU-BOZEMAN
14/B96CS
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Need for water / nutrient
recycling
Urban waters: resource or risk?
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
We need a paradigm shift
Current: use water once & disposal
http://www.ecosanservices.org
\
Resource recycle instead of disposal
-------
&EPA
United States
Fnuirrvnmontfll Pmtortirtn
Drinking water
Household wat
Rain water
Options for households
Water fit-for-purpose
Source separation
Irrigation
Yellow water
treatment
Energy
recovery
www.urbanwater.org
Ashbolt et a/. (2006) In: 2nd IWA Leading-Edge on Sustainability in
Water-Limited Environments. WEMS vol 10, IWA Publishing, London,
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Aspect
Human waste
Stormwater / used
water
Demand & Supply
Quality
Cycle
Treatment
infrastructure
Scale
Diversity
Integration (physical)
Integration
(institutional)
Old Paradigm
Nuisance (odorous, pathogens)
Nuisance (flooding, should be removed quickly)
Build supply capacity to meet growing demand
Treat all to drinking quality
Once through
'Grey' - i.e., unnatural, engineered systems
Centralized: bigger is better (economies of scale)
Standardize: limit complexity
Water, stormwater, sewage separated physically
Water, stormwater and sewage managed by
different authorities / departments, under
different budgets
New Paradigm
Resource (nutrients back to agriculture)
Resource (alternate water source, should be
retained, reused or allowed to infiltrate where
possible)
Manage demand in line with resource (supply)
limits.
Supply water Tit-for-purpose'
Reuse, reclaim, recycle
Mimic or include use of natural ecosystem
services to purify water
Decentralized is an option (diseconomies of
scale); avoidance of inter-basin transfers
Allow diverse solutions, determined by local
needs and situations
Separation of water cycle is reduced because
'waste' water is reused not discharged
All phases of urban water cycle managed in
coordination, allowing physical integration
and reuse
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Aging Water Infrastructure Research
Program
National Infrastructure Assessments
Economics and Life Cycle Cost Condition
Assessment
Technology Demonstration and
Verification
Outreach
Advanced
Concepts
Rehabilitation
Innovative Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Integrated Management and Decision
Support Systems
-------
Major Accomplishments
State of the Technology reviews and Technology
forums for CA-DW, CA-WW, Rehab
State of the Technology review report for nutrient
control technologies
Cooperative agreement RFA and eleven proposals
STAR Grant RFP for $6M leveraged with $1.5M
National infrastructure assess and adaptation report
and national experts/stakeholder workshop with OW
(Jan. 09)
Asset management workshop with OW
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
National and Regional Infrastructure Assessment
•Multi-scale infrastructure assessment
- Focus on future infrastructure planning and management
considering future climates, land use and socioeconomic
developments
- National and Regional assessment and adaptation reports
(FY09-12)
- Water availability forecasting platform, methods and
technologies in water reuse, water conservation and
sustainable energy productions
- Climate prediction uncertainty management in infrastructure
and water resources management
- Five tool boxes for end users: engineering analysis, water
availability forecasting, water reuse, water conservation, and
sustainable energy
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
CONCLUSIONS
Asset Management Key to Sustainability
-Must consider:
•Aging infrastructure
•Climate Change
•Population Change
•Institutional Impacts
•Water and Energy Footprints
-------
^m
I
thoug
Ill
. .
I
III
"STTIT
i
il
^ -
The sewer is the conscience of the city
Victor Hugo, Les Miserables
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
THANK YOU
Jim Goodrich
(513)569-7605
Goodrich.iames@epa.gov
-------
Sustainability of Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and
Wastewater / Storm Water Treatments
Outline of Strategic Planning of Asset Management
for Public Wastewater Treatment Plants in Japan
Mr. Hiroki Matsui
Assistant Manager, Project Promotion Division
Project Management Department
Japan Sewage Works Agency (JS)
-------
Outline of Strategic Planning of
Asset Management for Public
Wastewater Treatment Plants in
Japan
Hiroki MATSUI
Project Promotion Division,
Project Management Department
Japan Sewage Works Agency (JS)
Mar.2009
-------
Outline of Contents
Needs of Sewage Systems in Japan
JS's Contribution to development of the
standard method of AM for WWTPs
Advantages of AM for WWTPs
Future plans of AM for WWTPs
-------
Water Pollution of Tokyo
in 1960's
Tokyo Bay in I960's A river of Tokyo
in 1960's
A river of Tokyo
in 1960's
*Rapid urbanization and economic growth occurred in 1960's.
* Wastewater was discharged into rivers and sea without
Optimal treatment.
- .
Photo CreditEnvironmental Bureau of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government
-------
Needs of Sewage Systems in Japan
Needs of Sewage systems in urban area in
Japan
But, lack of engineers in local governments
(especially, middle and small cities)
Establishment of Japan Sewage
Works Agency (JS) based on a
special law in 1972, sponsored by
central & local governments
(a kind of public company)
-------
Increase of the number of Wastewater
Treatment Plants Supported by JS
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Number of WWTP Supported by JS
• Total Number of WWTP in Japan
Over 60% of All public WWTPs in
Japan were constructed by JS.
Replacement / improvement of old
facilities are needed for ensuring their
reliability and safety
oo
oo
r-*
oo
oo
r-
(N
(N
-------
Contribution to a Method of AM for
Public WWTPs by JS (1)
JS has a lot of experience and essential
knowledge about sewage planning, design,
construction management, and maintenance.
JS has developed a method of AM for Publl
WWTPs in Japan, including a practical manual
for checking and predicting facilities' condition
at WWTPs.
-------
Contribution to a Method of AM for
Public WWTPs by JS (2)
Developement this AM method for WWTPs
(2005-2007)
Actually used for 9 WWTPs. (2007-2008)
the 1st edition of technical recommendation for
AM (2008)
* At the moment, target facilities are WWTPs and
Pumping stations.
-------
PDCA Cycle in the AM
Predict future
condition of the
facilities
ACT
PLAN
DB
Check present condition
of all facilities
CHECK
Make/Revise a plan for
replacement/ improvement of
target facilities.
DO
Perform the plan
replacing / improving
target facilities
"Repeated PDCA cycle" is useful and important
-------
How we check facilities.
(Example of parts of sludge collector(l))
Main shaft (in water)
Checkpoints
Factor of evaluation
bration, etc.
'lass of Condition is Class 3.5
Class of condition
5 (good)
-------
How we check facilities.
(Example of parts of sludge collector(2))
Reduction gear
Class of
Condition
is Class 4.2
1 (bad)
Class of condition
5 (good)
-------
Importance of PDCA Cycle (1)
start
U
A deterioration curve
Actually evaluated data
Legal
durable period
0 5 10 15 20
Operating duration
1) Current situation
25
0
change a deterioration
5 10 15 20 25
Operating duration
2) Syears passed
-------
Importance of PDCA Cycle (2)
u
0
Actually evaluated data
5 10 15 20
Operating duration
25
3) 10 and 15 years passed
o
A deterioration curve
5 10 15 20
Operating duration
25
3) 20 and 23 years passed
As the number of the plots increase, we can
make more reliable curve.
-------
Importance of "Micro" and "Macro"
Management of WWTP
Both Micro and Macro management are very important to
make a strategic future plan with AM.
Micro Management
Macro Management
-------
Advantages of AM for WWTPs
Reduce asset ownership costs.
Decision making tool for O&M chief officers
Ex. Possible to know easily when to replace or
improve old facilities.
Enhancing accountability.
-------
Future Plans of AM for WWTPs
Collection and Analysis of effective Data
for improving the deterioration curves
for all facilities in typical WWTPs.
• Make the 2nd edition of technical
recommendation
-------
Conclusions
Advantages of AM for WWTPs :
1. Reduce asset ownership costs.
2. Decision making tool for O&M chief officers.
S.Enh
•..
ancing accountability.
Repeated PDCA cycle is important
and efficient
-------
Thank you for your attention
for more information
Hiroki-Matsui@j swa.go. j
-------
Sustainability of Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and
Wastewater / Storm Water Treatments
One Utility's Approach to Wastewater Sustainability
Ms. Karen Pallansch
General Manager
Alexandria Sanitation Authority
-------
One Utility's Approach to
Wastewater Sustainability
Karen Pallansch, General Manager, Alexandria Sanitation Authority
Japan-US Joint Conference on Drinking Water Quality Management and
Wastewater Control
March 3, 2009
-------
asa
Who We Are at ASA...
What does Sustainability Mean?
Our Approach to the Triple Bottom Line
What About the Future?
-------
oes it M
54 MGD Advanced
Wastewater Treatment
Facility
Located on 30 acres in
Alexandria, Virginia
Five Member Citizen
Board
Staff of 128
Discharge to
Chesapeake Bay
Facing stricter nutrient
discharge limits
HI
-------
Global warm!
EMS
It can be many different
things -
A Motto
An Ideal
A Way to do Business
A Way to Live Your Life
A Call to Action
-------
Sustainability - Wha
The term "SUSTAINABILITY" is often misunderstood and
misused...
Not everyone agrees on a definition -
In 1 997, there were an estimated 350 plus definitions of
'sustainability' and 'sustainable development'
The most popular recent definition is traced from the
Brundtland Commission, 1987:
"meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs."
-------
we
*\&
-------
jYp
For ASA...
Living and working like we plan to
stay here for generations!
asa
-------
5 Our Purpose:
To produce
clean, safe
waiter & Our 9°a'
exceptional
quality
.. ' .
biosohds
To provide
services to a
jig rowing
,i population Sustainability
decreasing
natural
resources.
asa
-------
-------
Our Approach to the
People
Product
or Service
aterials^^ Business
Process
$
Energy
Waste
Products
Inputs = Outputs
Sustainable?
asa
-------
Our Approach to the
ASA Board anc
Leadership Team [
Environment & People
The best of both!
asa
-------
Our Approach to the
Tech Services
asa
sen FJelds
trategic Resource
I location
Four Integrated Functional Divisions
who...
Implement Strategic Plan
Set Objectives
Monitor Performance Metrics
-------
Define Business Elements
o
Engineering
Operations
Maintenance
Environmental
Compliance
Management
Legal
Administration
Real Property
Audit
Human Resources
Public Outreach
Finance
IT
Purchasing
Board
-------
Our Approach to the
Examples of Susta
Hybrid vehicles
Low flush toilets
Energy efficient lighting
Teleconference instead of travel
Workforce succession planning
Meet & exceed regulatory
requirements
> Asset management
> Strategic Planning
-------
Our Approach to t
Why:
• Speak the same language
• Consistent understanding
• Have some fun - neuroscien
proves that you retain more..
• Motivates & involves everyor
• Everyone has an idea - who
knows what successful idea is
out there?
-------
Our Appr
What should
ASA
KEEP doing
to be more
sustainable?"
"What should
ASA
START doing
to be more
sustainable?
"What should
ASA
STOP doing
to be more
sustainable?"
Carousel Bnainstor
-------
Teed Ser
Green
Fields
Economic (PROFIT) Concepts:
lie
turce
location
o Financial Advisor
o New Revenue Sources
> Asset Management
o Green Fleet
o Green Purchasing
O environmentally preferable products
o Reduce & Reuse First
o Life Cycle Costing
-------
Clea
Teed Ser
Green
Fields
lie
turce
location
Social (PEOPLE) Concepts:
o Succession Planning
) Learning Culture
. Wellness Programs
o Strategic Planning
o Engagement Programs
o Community Programs
o Regional Training
o"100 Year Leadership"
o "Green Team" started
asa
-------
Our Approach to the
Services
Green
Fields
Environmental (PLANET) Concepts:
o Environmental Management Systems
o Net Zero Energy Use
Net Zero Chemical Use
> No Impact Construction
o Water Reuse
o Methane Capture and Reuse
o Deammonification Research
o Design for the Environment
-------
Our Approach to the
ASA Criteria for Project & 'rogram Planning
Weigh
People
Ease of
Operation
Weight: 11
Staff
Engagement
Weight:
Environmental
Leadership
Current
Permit
Compliance
Weight: 5
Flexibility to
Adapt to
Changing
Regulations
Manage
Environment
al Footprint
Efficiency
Reliability of
System
Weight: 4
Site Open
Space
Embed
Sustainable
practices
Weight: 3
Community Fiscal
Awareness Responsibility
Neighborhood/
City Relations
Capital Cost
Management
Weight: 3 Weight: 10 Weight: 11
Partnering
Weight: 6
Weight: 11
-------
Our Approach to the
Use Your Performance Metric System to Track
Progress:
Waste Reduction
Renewable Energy
Carbon Emissions
Water Usage and Reuse
Energy Use
Percent of Recycled Materials in products
Safety
Training, Development & Volunteer Hours
Hiring Practices/Employee Support
asa
-------
Our Approach t
Has Led to Succes
• No net increase in O&M budget for last 3 years
• 28% reduction in natural gas usage
• 33% reduction in use of process chemicals in 3 years
• 5 years of being accident free
• Joint venture with City of Alexandria for Water
Reclamation Program
• 100% Preventive Maintenance completion record
-------
out the Future?
-------
Imt Abou
rrbe Future?
At ASA, '
e begi
Developing a long term commitment to
sustainability that focuses on a 'systems'
based perspective
Why?
Every employee impacts our environmental
footprint and every employee contributes to
minimizing that same footprint
asa
-------
not just a plan or a project...
"" Guides Executive
Leadership Decisions
Affects Maintenance &
Repair/Replace
Activities
Influences Our Relationships
with Our Board & Customers
Guides Every Employee's
Day to Day Decisions
•' 'V*
• .- •'
L -. Touches Operations
and Compliance
• •
Influences Our Relationships
with Our Vendors, Suppliers
& Consultants
-------
bout the future?
The Journey Forward...for ASA:
• Hire a Sustainability Coordinator
•Continue to build sustainable
thinking into day to day through
the small sustainability steps take
to date
•Develop and monitor sound
performance metrics
•Be a sustainable utility leader
-------
t the future?
The Journey fo
because we car
Revamp how we train our engineering
students; focus on systems approaches
rather than current silos of thinking
Vendors & consultants must rethink how
they do business and focus on
environmentally preferable products an«
projects
Fund research, not bail outs
The US must be advocates, not
adversaries, in sustaining our planet
-------
Karen Pallansch
General Manager
Alexandria Sanitation Authority
karen.pallansch@alexsan.com
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Sustainability of Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and
Wastewater / Storm Water Treatments
Current State and New Technologies for CSO
Control in Japan
Mr. Hideki Hay as hi
Senior Research Engineer
Japan Institute of Wastewater Engineering Technology (JIWET)
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Current state and new technologies
for CSO control in Japan
Japan Institute of Wastewater Engineering Technology
(JIWET)
Hideki Hayashi
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1. Introduction
191 cities all over Japan'.
the combined sewer syst*
About 20% of the area covered
by the sewer system ,v
About 30% of the population
served by the sewer system
-Before 1944
-Byl944
-Byl954
-Byl964
-Byl974
-Byl984
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Many oil balls washed ashore at Odaiba marine park
in September 2000.
Sunny day
Rainy day
Oil ball
• The incident made the headlines and became a public issue.
-> The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism set up
the Combined Sewer System Improvement Measures Review
Committee composed of experts, local governments and related
organizations.
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2. Current Status of CSO
800
700
600
- 500
a 40°
o
M 300
200
100
0
670
260
< 1 1-2
143
2-3
51
213
3-4 4 or more
Intercepted rainfall sewage (mm/hf)
•BOD
(maximum):
1,310 mg/1
• Coliform count
(maximum):
1,600,000/ml
• Natural outfalls: 2,420
• Pumping stations: 544
• Locations with less than 1 mm/hr
intercepted rainfall sewage: 670
Type of
facility
Sewage
plant
Pump
station
Storm
outfall
Water quality range
Primary
effluent
Untreated
sewage
Untreated
sewage
BOD 10 . 251 mg/1
SS 12 . 348 mg/1
COD 4.1 . 165 mg/1
BOD 3 . 330 mg/1
SS 3 . 160 mg/1
COD 11 . 8 10 mg/1
Coliform count 160 _ 500,000 /ml
BOD 5 . 1,3 10 mg/1
SS 7 . 445 mg/1
COD 11 . 1,440 mg/1
Coliform count 900 _ 1,600,000 /ml
Remark
Interception
rate: 3 times
ilntercepted
rainfall
sewage :0.7to4. 8
mm/hr
ilntercepted
rainfall
sewage:1.0to4.2
mm/hr
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3. Goals of the Combined Sewer System
Improvement
(1) Reduction in pollution loads
The pollution load of the combined sewer system should be
reduced to the same level as or lower than the pollution load
expected to occur if the combined sewer system was replaced
by the separate sewer system.
(2) Safety assurance of public sanitation
The number of releases of untreated sewage should be at
least halved for all outfalls.
(3) Removal of grit
Outflow of grit should be minimized for all outfalls.
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4. Tasks for Improvement
(1) Treatment of a large and varying amount of sewage is necessary.
(2) A large area is necessary for a stormwater reservoir for pollution
control.
(3) Existing treatment plants cannot handle sewage even if additional
intercepting sewers are installed.
• New techniques should be developed to address those tasks.
• Private corporations are commercializing new techniques.
• A framework for comprehensively evaluating techniques is necessary.
-> A new technological development project of experts, local
governments and relevant organizations was launched: SPIRIT 21.
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5 .Framework to new technological development
SPIRIT Committee
Private companies
Selection of technological development
Public solicitation for participating
researchers
Selection of participating researchers
Private companies replying to the
offer
Joint research
Examination of and advice on research
Examination and technical evaluation of
research results
Reflection in measures
Formulation of research plans
Execution of research
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6. Techniques Solicited from the Public and
Development Targets
(1) Removal of grit
The new technique should improve removal of grit by over 30%.
(2) Removal of pollutants
The new technique should remove >30% of pollution in terms of
BOD and SS.
(3) Disinfection
• Coliform count <3,000 per ml
• Reaction time and genetic toxicity equivalent to the existing
technique
• Affordable running cost
(4) Measurement and control
• The new technique should be able to accurately and continuously
measure water quality.
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T.List of CSO control technologies
Technology category
Debris Removal
(Screen)
High Rate Filtration
Coagulation /
Separation
Disinfection
Measurement /
Control
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Technology
Hydroclean Brush Screen
Rotamat RMK1 Screen
CSO Screen
Disc Screen
Storm Screen
Ultra Fine Screen using perforated panel with tapered holes
The Copa Raked Bar Screen
Rotary Screen
Wet-weather high-speed wastewater filtration system
High-Rate Filtration with a Synthetic Media
CDS Screen and the high-rate filtration method using specially-processed fibers of a material.
Super-High-Speed Fiber Filtration for Untreated Combined Sewage Water Overflow
on Rainy Days
High Rate Filtration Process
ACTIFLO PROCESS
High Rate Coagulation System using CDS Screen(FSS System)
Effective disinfection system with chlorine dioxide
CSO DISINFECTION SYSTEM BY MEDIUM-PRESSURE UV LAMPS
Rapid Disinfection of Combined Sewer Overflow using Chlorine Dioxide
Rapid Disinfection Technique Using High Concentration Ozone for Combined Sewer
Overflow
BCDMH Disinfection
The economical ozone disinfection system by using ozone adsorbing technology
Ultraviolet disinfection system
Organic pollutant monitor(UV meter)
Automatic coliform counter
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(1) Removal of impurities
\ Dry weather \
HWL
LWL
Overflow
weir
Inflow Pipe and
Interceptor side
Baffle Plate
Screw
Screen
Discharge Pipe side
Inflow Pipe and
Interceptor side
Discharge Pipe side
Rotamat RMK1 Screen
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100
^ 90
80
.« 70
£60
1 50
& 4°
^ 30 •
cd
g 20
1 10
0
(
Results of exreiment
^
i
) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0
amount of overflow m3/sec
4
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(2) Removal of pollutants
:High-speed filtering technique
Upper screen
Filter media
Existing public works structure
Special filter media
Wet-weather high-speed waste water
filtration system
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removal efficiency -BOD
80
-70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(
Results of exreiment
* + +
+** *
* +
*
+
i
) 500 1000 1500 2000
filteration rate m/day
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(3) Removal of pollutants
:Coagulation and separation technique
Polymer
Micro-sand collect
device sludge
Raw water
Sludge
discharge
coagulant
Screening
chamber
Rapid Injection
mixin chamber
chamber
Maturation
chamber
lamellar
settler
Raw water conveying pump
ACTIFLO PROCESS
Recirculation
pump
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removal efficiency 0/
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30 •
20
10
0
(
Results of exreiment
* SS • BOD
A COD X T-N
X T-P Targe(SS,BOD)
{**? *
.* :
A "^
= X
A
X
x x
II
) 10 20 30 40
rainfall , .
(mm)
50
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(4) Disinfection technique
C1O2 generator
Chemical storage facility
Special NaClO2
tank HC1 tank
r
T
Scrubber
Dilution water supply system
o
Strainer
Grit chamber
Effective disinfection system with chlorine dioxide
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RUN
Rainfall (mm)
Reaction time(min)
Coliform
group
Influent
after
disinfection
1
96.5
5
1,300-
310,000
25-
2,600
2
15
5
160,000-
370,000
460-
3,000
3
15
5
96,000-
260,000
75-
2,150
4
19.5
5
110,000-
240,000
185-
2,420
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(5) Measurement and control technique
air pump
converter
recorder
detector
Visible light signal
amplifier
i
L i
L
uv-s£
detector '
VIS-S
detector
nl N
UV signal amplif
[correction filte:
•\
Built-in cleaning
mechanism
/
s~
±
t
X.
J
-\
k
^VIS-R
1 detector
,|h
UV-R detectc
c
\
measurement sidey \ /^\jeference
.7 ^
air outlet
parallel cell windows
exterior
cleaning
mechanisn
Organic pollutant monitor (UV meter)
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COD
200
^ 150
(3D
J3 100
03
>—^ CA
50
0
y = 0.95x
R2 = 0.94
S*
..•T.
^ JMp^W
^
\
0 50 100 150 200
analysis value(mg/l)
500
400
4300
13
> 200
^O
HH
100
0
(
ss
y=1.06x ^^
R2 = 0.9 .X *
tXX
** >/*
* >»^
A^jflhA
V ^^^^
A
* * #
ii
) 100 200 300 400 500
analysis value(mg/l)
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8. Conclusion
New techniques for combined sewage systems have been
developed.
Improvement measurement programs are being reviewed
at many cities to incorporate the new techniques in
practice.
For details of each technique, please visit:
http ://www.j iwet. or .j p/
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"Water Safety Plan" Approach
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"Water Safety Plan" Approach
Recent Progress in WSP Application in Japan
Dr. Shoichi Kunikane
Professor, Institute for Environmental Sciences
University ofShizuoka
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Recent progress in
WSP application in Japan
US-Japan Governmental Conference
2-5 March 2009, Las Vegas
Shoichi Kunikane
Institute for Environmental Sciences
University of Shizuoka
Japan
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WSP application in the world
IWA website: WSPortal
"Bonn Charter" (IWA, 2004)
Incorporation in the regulatory framework
in New Zealand
>As Public Health Risk Management Plan
Under discussions in EL)
WSP development in UK companies
Application in many developing countries
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"Guidelines for
WSP development"
Issued by MHLW in May 2008
>Not as a regulation but as a recommendation
Drafted by a JWWA committee
Small/Medium water suppliers as main target
audience
Reference to New Zealand's approach
Hazard identification utilizing water quality
monitoring data
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Annexes of
"Guidelines for WSP development"
> Computer software with pull-down menus and
templates (in Japanese)
> A WSP format (Word file)
> A file for hazard analysis (Excel file)
» Examples of WSP development case studies for
small water supplies (in Japanese)
> Rapid sand filtration system
> Slow sand filtration system
> Disinfection only (two cases)
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Procedure of hazard analysis
Start
Prepare a risk level matrix
1
Select potential hazardous events along with
each step of water supply from source to tap
Prepare a hazard control sheet
A table on control measures, a monitoring method and
a control limit for each hazardous event
relating it with its risk level and water quality parameters
Rearrange the above table according to
each water quality parameter
End
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WSP application
in Tokyo Metropolitan Water Supply
In FY2006
• Development of a WSP for one water
treatment plant (Misato WTP)
In FY2007
• Practical application of a WSP to Misato WTP
• Development of WSPs for the whole system,
including 71 WTPs
In FY2008
• Practical application of WSPs to the whole
system
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"Tokyo High Quality
Water Management Program"
WSPs for the whole system
>incl. 71 water treatment plants/stations and
distribution network
ISO 9001
>for quality management at water treatment
plants
ISO/IEC 17025
>for analytical quality control at a water quality
examination laboratory
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Water Sources of
Tokyo Metropolitan Water Supply
Dam (completed) i
Dam (under construction)
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Purification plants and stations of
Tokyo Metropolitan Water Supply
Misato P.P.
n
P.P.
ashimurayama
71 purification
plants/stations
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Purification plants and stations of
Tokyo Metropolitan Water Supply
Source type
Surface water
Groundwater
with direct
influence of
surface water
Groundwater
Total
Treatment method
Rapid
sand
filtration
8
3
1
12
Slow
sand
filtration
1
3
-
4
Membrane
filtration
2
5
1
8
Disinfection
only
-
-
47
47
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Reference chart of risk levels
(Tokyo MWS1
Frequency of occurrence
Once a week or more
Degree of impact
f Control criteria Quality standard
Below
Above Below i Above
Not more than once a week
but once a month or more
1
Not more than once a month
but once a year or more
1
Not more than once a year
1
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Control measures according to
risk levels (Tokyo MWS)
Risk ~ , ,
. . Control response measures
level r
Water intake, transmission/distribution or supply
shall be suspended, in principle.
Control shall be stepped up. In addition, permanent
measures such as facilities improvements shall be
considered.
Control shall be stepped up.
Normal control shall be continued. In addition,
permanent measures such as facilities
improvements shall be considered.
1
Normal control shall be continued.
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A comprehensive water safety
management program in Osaka
City Water Supply
WSP
ISO 9001
>for quality management in water treatment
plants (already obtained) and water
distribution network (to be obtained)
ISO 22000
>for water safety management (to be obtained)
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WSP application
in Osaka City Water Supply
Documentation
Hazards
Control
measures
Management
plan
Supporting
programs
Verification
Source
Treatment Distribution
Emergency response manual, etc.
Water quality testing
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Public
relations
customers
Accountability
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WSP application in
Kobe City Water Supply
A WSP for the whole system
>Under development
A WSP for Sengari Water Treatment Plant
>Already developed, but being revised and
incorporated in the above
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Conclusions
WSP is essential for ensuring drinking
water safety.
Hazard identification is a key of WSP.
It is expected that WSP will be widely
applied in water supplies, especially small
ones.
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Acknowledgement
The author thanks Tokyo, Osaka and Kobe
Water Supplies for their kind offer of
information on their WSP application.
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