ENERGY STAR® and Other
Climate Protection Partnerships
ENERGYSTARl 2009 Annual Report
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS
2009 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Letter from the Administrator 1
Executive Summary 2
Highlights of 2009 4
ENERGY STAR Overview 8
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products 13
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector 18
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector 22
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector 26
Climate Leaders 29
Clean Energy Supply Programs 31
Green Power Partnership 31
Combined Heat and Power Partnership 33
State and Local Programs and Initiatives 35
State Climate and Energy Program 36
Local Climate and Energy Program 36
Clean Energy and Utility Policy Programs 37
Methane Programs 38
Natural Gas STAR Program 39
AgSTAR Program 41
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program 42
Landfill Methane Outreach Program 43
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs 46
Demonstrating Progress 51
List of Figures 57
List of Tables 58
References 59
For additional information, please visit our websites at www.epa.gov/cppd, www.energystar.gov, www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal/index.htm, www.epa.gov/methane, and
www.epa.gov/highgwp.
NOTE: The data source for all figures and tables in this 2009 Annual Report is EPA's Climate Protection Partnership Programs unless otherwise noted. Historical totals have been updated based on the
most recent available data.
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LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
December 2010
Our global community faces numerous challenges that demand innovative solutions. Foremost among those
challenges is climate change, and leading the way in innovative solutions are EPA's climate protection partners.
The 2009 accomplishments of EPA's voluntary climate protection programs mark significant progress and help
set us on a path of continued success. Highlights include:
• With the help of ENERGY STAR Americans saved $17 billion in 2009 on their utility bills and prevented
the equivalent of greenhouse gas emissions from 31 million vehicles.
• More than 1,200 partners have committed to purchase more than 17 billion kilowatt-hours of green
power annually since the launch of the Green Power Partnership in 2002.
• Since the inception of the Combined Heat and Power Partnership in 2002, more than 350 partners
have installed more than 4,800 megawatts of new combined heat and power.
• In 2009, members of EPA's methane and fluorinated greenhouse gas partnership programs used EPA
tools and resources to avoid the equivalent of emissions from more than 20 million vehicles.
After 17 years and the work of thousands of partners, we can see that fighting climate change is not only good
for our environment, it is also good for our economy and our health. EPA's ENERGY STAR and other climate
protection programs are saving businesses and consumers money, while improving our health and the health
of our environment. As we continue to address climate change and other global challenges, EPA will build upon
the partnerships and successes of these programs in ways that make sense for the health and prosperity of our
nation and the world.
Sincerely,
Lisa P.Jackson
Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Combating global climate change continues to be one of the nation's most pressing environmental issues.
Practical, proven, cost-effective solutions for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions already exist,
but pervasive market barriers still hinder the adoption of and investment in energy efficiency, clean
energy supply options, and other climate-friendly technologies and practices. For the past 17 years, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) climate protection partnership programs have worked to
dismantle these barriers, yielding remarkable environmental and financial benefits (see Table 1).
EPA's partnerships offer a combination of voluntary standards, objective information, technical
assistance, facilitated peer exchanges, and public recognition. These efforts have helped countless
households, businesses, and organizations join the fight against global climate change. EPA's partners—
along with American consumers—avoided GHG emissions across the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors and realized significant financial and environmental benefits (see Table 2, p. 5).
2009 was another banner year for EPA's climate protection partnerships.1 More than 19,500 organizations
across the country have partnered with EPA and achieved outstanding results:
• Preventing 83 million metric tons (in MMTCE2) of GHGs—equivalentto the emissions from 56 million
vehicles (see Figure 4, p. 6)—and net savings to consumers and businesses of about $18 billion in
2009 alone.
• Preventing more than 1,200 MMTCE of GHGs cumulatively and providing net savings to consumers and
businesses of more than $250 billion over the lifetime of their investments.
• Investing about $80 billion in energy-efficient, climate-friendly technologies.
' This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions attributable to
WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates that the
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be about 120 million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCEI in 2009.
'Million metric tons of carbon equivalent IMMTCE). Reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions for EPA's climate programs are based on "carbon equivalents," which are determined by weighting
the reductions in emissions of a gas by its global warming potential for a 100-year period.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
AUDIENCE OR
TARGET MARKET MARKET BARRIERS ADDRESSED
Energy
Consumers
Utilities
Industries with
Byproduct GHG
Emissions*
State and Local
Policy and
Decisionmakers
Lack of information about energy efficiency
and renewable energy options
Competing claims in the marketplace
Lack of objective measurement tools
High transaction costs
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Split incentives
Perceptions of organizational risks
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
Lack of objective measurement tools
Lack of information about energy efficency
program costs and benefits
Disincentives for energy efficiency in
existing regulations and energy
planning processes
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
Lack of information about clean
energy policies
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
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includes utilities.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
Highlights of 2009
Promoting Energy Efficiency Through
ENERGY STAR®
Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for
reducing GHGs. Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR program has
served as a trusted source of information to help consumers
and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-
efficient products and practices. Through ENERGY STAR,
EPA continued to promote energy efficiency across the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to help reduce
GHG emissions, the primary cause of global climate change
(see Figure 2, p. 5). In 2009, EPA's ENERGY STAR efforts
helped Americans:
• Save more than 200 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)—about
5 percent of U.S. electricity demand.
• Preventthe emissions of 46 MMTCE of GHGs—equivalent
to the annual emissions from 31 million vehicles.
• Save $17 billion on their energy bills.
These benefits are more than three times those in 2000 (see
Figure 1). Additional ENERGY STAR program highlights, with
notable achievements for 2009 and cumulatively, include:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products
• More than 40,000 individual product models, produced
by nearly 3,000 manufacturers, have earned the ENERGY
STAR across more than 60 product categories.
• Americans purchased more than 300 million ENERGY
STAR qualified products in 2009, bringing the total to about
3 billion since 2000.3
New Home Construction
• More than 1 million ENERGY STAR qualified homes have
been built in the United States, surpassing a significant
milestone. Over 100,000 were constructed in 2009 alone—
representing more than 20 percent of housing starts.
Home Improvement
• Over 23,000 existing homes were retrofitted through Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR in 2009—for a total of
more than 75,000 retrofits—with the help of more than
30 program sponsors across 28 states.
Commercial Buildings
• Nearly 3,900 buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in
2009 for a cumulative total of almost 9,000 buildings—
representing nearly 1.6 billion square feet of U.S.
building space.
• More than 130,000 buildings, representing nearly
17 billion square feet—or 23 percent—of U.S. building
space, were assessed for energy efficiency using EPA's
Portfolio Manager.
Industrial Sector
• EPA benchmarked the energy performance of U.S.
automotive plants for the second time, which indicated
that fuel use has improved by 12 percent with energy
savings translating to nearly 1.5 billion pounds of
C02emissions avoided.
FIGURE 1. ENERGY STAR Benefits Continue To Grow
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Energy Saved (Billion kWh)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Emissions Saved in Vehicle Equivalents (Millions)
3 Does not include purchases of compact fluorescent bulbs.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Promoting Corporate Environmental Leadership
Partners in EPA's Climate Leaders program are Fortune
500 and other leading corporations that have committed to
aggressively reducing their GHG emissions. At least
55 percent of participating companies have publicly
announced and are working to meet their aggressive GHG
reduction goals. Of those, 29 partners have achieved their
emissions reduction goals and 19 of them are pursuing new
goals. EPA estimates that the GHG emissions reduction
goals set by Climate Leaders partners will reduce GHG
emissions by 47.5 MMTCE between 2005 and 2012,
equivalent to preventing the annual GHG emissions from
33 million vehicles.
Transforming the Clean Energy Marketplace
EPA's Clean Energy Supply programs—the Green Power
Partnership and the Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Partnership—are designed to increase the nation's supply
of clean energy and accelerate the adoption of clean energy
supply technologies throughout the United States (see
Figure 3, p. 6). Since 2001, these programs have provided
technical assistance and recognized significant purchasers
of renewable energy. By engaging more than 1,200 partners
in the purchase of more than 17 billion kWh of green power
and more than 350 partners in the installation of over
FIGURE 2. U.S. C02 Emissions by Sector and Non-C02 Gases
by Percent of Total GHGs
Other
Methane
Emissions
8.7%
Non-C02 Gases
6.8%
Agriculture
1.2% -
Commercial
15.2%
Transportation
26%
Residential
17.2%
Industry
24.9%
Source: EPA, 20Wb
TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2009 (in Billions of 2009 Dollars and MMTCE)
PROGRAM
BENEFITS FOR 2009
NET SAVINGS
(BILLION $)
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993-2019
PV OF BILL PV OF TECHNOLOGY PVOFNET
SAVINGS EXPENDITURES SAVINGS
(BILLIONS) (BILLIONS) (BILLIONS)
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
ENERGY STAR Total
Qualified Products
and Homes
Buildings
Industry
Clean Energy Programs
Methane Programs
FGHG Programs
TOTAL
$17.1
$9.8
$5.6
$1.7
—
$0.7
—
$17.8
46.3
20.2
18.9
7.2
6.5
17.9
12.3
83.0
$316.2
$151.7
$129.9
$34.5
—
$13.9
—
$330.1
$73.9
$24.4
$41.7
$7.8
N/A
$5.4
N/A
$79.3
$242.3
$127.4
$88.2
$26.7
—
$8.5
—
$250.8
649
276
263
109
93
259
254
1,255
PV: Present Value
NOTES: Technology Expenditures include O&M expenses for Methane Programs. Bill Savings and Net Savings include revenue from sales of methane and electricity. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. For details on cumulative benefits, see page 51.
—: Not applicable
N/A: Not available
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
295 megawatts (MW) of new CHP capacity, the Clean Energy
Supply programs reduced GHG emissions by 6.5 MMTCE in
2009 alone.
Sharing Best Practices Across State and
Local Governments
Significant informational and institutional barriers can
prevent state and local entities from implementing policies
and making investments that spur development in energy
efficiency and clean energy. EPA made important progress
assisting state and local governments in exploring and
implementing a broad range of energy efficiency, clean
energy, and climate change policies and programs.
• EPA launched the new State Climate and Energy Partner
Network, which enables states to learn from each other
about climate change and clean energy initiatives by
sharing policy news and exchanging information
and ideas.
• The EPA- and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-facilitated
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency released five
issue papers that share policy and program options for
removing key barriers to energy efficiency.
FIGURE 3. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type
Petroleum
Hydroelectric
Conventional
6%
Other
Renewable*
3.1%
other
0.6%
Nuclear
19.6%
Coal
48.2%
Natural Gas
21.4%
"Includes wind, photovoltaic energy, solar thermal, geothermal, landfill gas, agricultural
byproducts, wood, and other renewable sources.
Source: EIA, 2010c
FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 83 MMTCE—Equivalent to Emissions From 56 Million Vehicles
100
I Total FGHG Savings
| Total CH4 Savings
| Total C02 Savings
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Reducing Methane Emissions and Recovering an
Energy Resource
Methane is both a potent GHG and a highly desirable clean
fuel. EPA's methane programs continued to reduce the
emissions of this GHG from landfills, agriculture (manure
management), oil and natural gas systems, and coal mines and
to develop projects to recover and use the methane whenever
feasible. In 2009, these programs avoided GHG emissions of
17.9 MMTCE, exceeding their emissions reduction goals and
maintaining national methane emissions from these target
sources 14 percent below 1990 levels.
Reducing Fluorinated GHG Emissions
Manyofthefluorinated gases—including hydrofluoro-
carbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6)—are extremely powerful and persistent
GHGs. Together, these programs avoided 12.3 MMTCE of GHG
emissions in 2009.
Recognizing Partner Accomplishments
EPA recognized the accomplishments of many outstanding
partners in its climate protection partnership programs with
the following awards:
• ENERGY STAR Award Winners (see Table 6, p. 12)
• Green Power Leadership Awards (see Table 12, p. 32)
• ENERGY STAR CHP Awards (see Table 14, p. 34)
• Natural Gas STAR Awards (see Table 16, p. 40)
• Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards (see
Table 17, p. 44)
The 2009 Annual Report
EPA's programs continue to advance GHG reduction goals
and deliver greater benefits each year. These benefits can
only grow as more organizations, households, and others
adopt the practices promoted by the climate protection
partnerships (see Table 3). This annual report presents
detailed information on EPA's 2009 efforts within each of
the partnerships mentioned in this section. Each individual
program section includes:
• Program overview and accomplishments.
• Environmental and economic benefits achieved
in 2009.
• Goals for the future.
• Summaries of the major tools and resources offered by
the program.
EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program
results and using well-established methods to estimate
the benefits of its climate partnership programs. Specific
approaches vary by program strategy, sector, availability
of data, and market characteristics (these methods are
reviewed in the Demonstrating Progress section of the
report, p. 51). For each program, EPA addresses common
issues that arise when estimating program benefits, such
as data quality, double counting, free-ridership, external
promotion by third parties, and market effects, among
others. The information presented in this annual report is
similar to much of the information used in the U.S. Office
of Management and Budget(OMB) Program Assessment
Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA programs to be
achieving their goals.
TABLE 3. Long-term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCE)
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
GOALS
PROGRAM 2009 2012
ENERGY STAR*
Clean Energy Supply Programs
Methane Programs
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs
TOTAL
46.3
6.5
17.9
12.3
83
52
8
18
19
97
2015
64
12
20
22
118
*Does not include ENERGY STAR products managed by DOE.
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ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
ENERGYSTAR
Despite the recent economic downturn, consumers, businesses, and organizations continue to fight global
climate change by investing in energy-efficient technologies and practices. Improving the efficiency of
the nation's buildings, homes, and industries is the fastest, most cost-effective solution to reducing GHG
emissions in the near term and combating global climate change in the long term. The more we invest
in energy efficiency, the greater the down payment we make on a sustainable environment for future
generations. Not only do these investments reduce costs and protect the environment, they also help
address volatile energy prices, strengthen energy security, create new jobs, and spur economic growth.
The ENERGY STAR program advances the adoption of energy efficiency across the residential, commercial,
and industrial sectors of the U.S. economy. By using unbiased information, market-based partnerships,
technical assistance, objective measurement tools, and consumer/business outreach, the program
dismantles market barriers and catalyzes action.
Since EPA launched ENERGY STAR in 1992, this innovative voluntary program has transformed the
marketplace by providing trustworthy, objective information to homeowners, businesses, and consumers
on the reliable, cost-effective, efficient products, practices, and services that reduce energy use and GHG
emissions. In 1996, DOE joined with EPA and assumed specific ENERGY STAR program responsibilities.
In 2009, EPA and DOE signed a new agreement designed to enhance and strengthen the trusted ENERGY
STAR program. Benefits have grown steadily since the program's inception and will continue to grow as
consumers and businesses leverage ENERGY STAR and take action to:
Select efficient products in over
60 product categories.
Invest in home improvement retrofits.
Purchase efficient new homes.
Enhance the efficiency of public and private
commercial buildings.
Design efficient buildings.
Improve the efficiency of industrial facilities.
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Achievements in 2009
National Benefits
The combined achievements across all facets of the
ENERGY STAR program are impressive (see Table 4):
• Financial Savings. Americans saved $17 billion on
their utility bills across the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors.
TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2009
ENERGY STAR: OVERVIEW
Energy Savings. Americans avoided the need for more
than 200 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity or about
5 percent of the total 2009 U.S. electricity demand.
GHG Emissions Prevented. Americans avoided 46 million
metric tons of GHG emissions, equivalent to the GHG
emissions from 31 million vehicles.
All Qualified Products1
New Homes2
Commercial Building
Improvements3
Industrial
Improvements4
PROGRAM TOTAL for
ENERGY STAR
2009
ENERGY SAVED
(BILLION KWH)
GOAL ACHIEVED
— 101.0
— 2.1
— 82.7
— 18.4
190 204.25
2009
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
GOAL
20.5
1.3
14.5
4.5
40.8
ACHIEVED
19.6
0.6
18.9
7.2
46.3
2010
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED (MMTCE)
GOAL
22.5
1.5
15.5
4.9
44.4
'Results for qualified products from Woman et al., 2009. 'Results for qualified homes from CPPD, 2009. 'Results from building improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2009.
"Electricity results from industrial improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2009. sThe kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 35 gigawats IGW), based on
conservation load factors developed by LBNL IKoomeyetal., 1990).
—: Not applicable
Key Achievements by Program Focus
About 40 percent of the program benefits realized in 2009
can be attributed to the purchase and use of products and
new homes that earned the ENERGY STAR. Promoting energy
management strategies for organizations in the commercial
and industrial sectors accounted for the remaining
60 percent. Other key achievements in 2009 included (see
Table 5, p.11):
• ENERGY STAR Awareness. Public awareness of the
ENERGY STAR label was greater than 75 percent.
Additionally, more than 80 percent of households had a
high or general understanding of the label.
• Products. In 2009, American consumers purchased more
than 300 million products that had earned the ENERGY
STAR—despite the economic downturn—for a cumulative
total of about 3 billion products purchased since 2000.4
• Residential Buildings. EPA announced that 1 million
ENERGY STAR qualified homes were built in the United
States between 1995, when EPA established the label for
homes, and late 2009. More than 100,000 new homes
were constructed to meet ENERGY STAR guidelines in
2009 alone, representing over 20 percent of new home
starts nationwide.5
• Commercial Buildings. Through 2009, more than
2,400 organizations joined the Challenge to reduce
energy use in their buildings by 10 percent or more, and
nearly 25 percent of the nation's building space was
assessed for energy performance. To date, nearly 9,000
buildings have earned the ENERGY STAR, while 230 new
building design projects have achieved Designed to Earn
the ENERGY STAR.
• Industrial Facilities. EPA's ENERGY STAR Industrial
Focuses expanded to include 18 sectors with the launch
of a new Metalcasting Focus. Thirty plants earned the
ENERGY STAR—including eight for the first time in the
pharmaceutical manufacturing and frozen fried potato
food processing sectors—bringing the total to 54.
'Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
'Single family site-built new homes.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
Partnership-Driven Change
More than 17,000 organizations across the United States
have partnered with ENERGY STAR to realize significant
environmental and economic benefits. These partners
include:
• Manufacturers. Nearly 3,000 manufacturers using the
ENERGY STAR label to differentiate over 40,000 individual
product models across more than 60 product categories.
• Retailers. More than 1,500 retail partners bringing
products that have earned the ENERGY STAR and
educational information to their customers.
• Builders. Over 8,500 builder partners constructing new
homes that qualify for the ENERGY STAR in every state
and the District of Columbia—saving homeowners money
while maintaining high levels of comfort.
• Service and Product Providers. Hundreds of service and
product providers actively working with clients to adopt
a whole-building approach to energy management and
helping some 4,500 client buildings improve efficiency by
at least 10 percent through 2009.
Building and Facility Owners. More than 3,600 private
businesses, public sector organizations, and industrial
facilities investing in energy efficiency and reducing
energy use in their buildings and facilities.
Energy Efficiency Program Sponsors. More than 45 states,
700 utilities, and many other energy efficiency program
sponsors leveraging ENERGY STAR resources to improve
the efficiency of commercial buildings, industrial facilities,
and homes.
Industrial Partners. More than 600 industrial program
partners (a record number) working within their industry
to identify ways to manage energy strategically, minimize
energy risks, and reduce emissions.
Other Partners. Thousands of energy raters, financial
institutions, architects, and building engineers making
energy efficiency more widely available through ENERGY
STAR, thus providing additional value to their customers.
Environmental Leaders. EPA and DOE recognizing the
outstanding commitments of 110 partners at the 2010
Partner of the Year Awards (see Table 6, p. 12).
10
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ENERGY STAR: OVERVIEW
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2009
ENERGY STAR
PROGRAM STRATEGY
Efficient Products
(for more information, see p. 13)
KEY INDICATOR
Product Categories Eligible for ENERGY STAR
Individual Product Models Qualifying
Products Sold1-2
Public Awareness
Manufacturing Partners
Retail Partners
EE Program Administrator Partners
YEAR OF RESULTS
33
11,000
600 million
40%
1,600
550
100
>60
> 40,000
~ 3 billion3
> 75%
~ 3,000
> 1,500
>700
Home Improvement
(for more information, see p. 20)
Homes Improved through Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR1
EE Program Administrator Partners
Homes Benchmarked using Yardstick1
> 75,000
>30
310,000
New Homes
(for more information, see p. 18)
Number of New Homes Built1
Percent of National New Home Starts
Markets with over 20% Market Share
Builder Partners
25,000
<1%
0
1,600
> 1,000,000
> 20%
>20
> 8,500
Existing Commercial Buildings
(for more information, see p. 22)
Number of Buildings Rated1
Building Square Footage Rated1
Percent of Commercial Square Footage Rated
Building Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR Label
Numberof Buildings Labeled1
Building Square Footage Labeled1
4,200
800 million
1%
2
545
128 million
> 130,000
-17 billion
~ 25%
12
~ 9,000
~ 1.6 billion
New Commercial Buildings
(for more information, see p. 23)
Numberof Buildings Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR1
230
Industrial Improvements
(for more information, see p. 26)
Industrial Partners
Industrial Sectors (and subsectors)
Facility Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR Label
Number of Facilities Labeled1
>600
18
8
54
Annual Results
(for more information, see p. 51)
Energy Saved (kWh)
Emissions Avoided (MMTCE)
Net Savings (USD)
62 billion
15.8
$5 billion
204 billion
46.3
$17 billion
' Results are cumulative.
2 The cumulative total of product sales across the entire ENERGY STAR program from 1992-2009, including those from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy. The results for energy saved and the
resulting environmental and economic benefits represent EPA efforts alone.
3 Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
— :Not applicable
~: About
11
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners
To learn more about these award winners and their great accomplishments, see Profiles in Leadership: 2010 ENERGY STAR
Award Winners.*
ComEd
Chicago, II
Community Housing Partners
Christiansburg, VA
Continental Refrigerator
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
3M
St. Paul, UN
Advantage IQ, Inc.
Spokane, WA
APS (Arizona Public Service)
Phoenix, AZ
ArcelorMittal
Chicago, IL
Austin Energy
Austin, TX
Building Owners and Managers
Association (BOMA)
International
Washington, DC
CalPortland Company
Plnnlinrfi PA
oienuora, LA
CB Richard Ellis
Los Angeles, CA
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
Council Rock School District
Newtown, PA
Energy Inspectors
Las Vegas, NV
Energy Trust of Oregon
Portland, OR
Food Lion, LLC
Salisbury, NC
Ford Motor Company
Dearborn, Ml
GE Appliances & Lighting
Louisville, KY
Giant Eagle Incorporated
Pittsburgh, PA
Gorell Enterprises, Inc.
Indiana, PA
Gresham-Barlow School District
Gresham, OR
Mines
Houston, TX
ITW Food Equipment Group -
North America
Troy, OH
Ivey Residential, LLC
Evans, GA
J. C. Penney Company, Inc.
Piano, TX
The Joint Management Committee
representing Massachusetts
New Homes with ENERGY STAR
L6x//iffto/jf MA
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
MM - •Jf_ •//!
Merck & Co., Inc.
fflhitehouse Station, NJ
Nashville Area Habitat
for Humanity
Nashville, TN
National Grid
Waltham, MA
New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority
(NYSERDA)
Albany, NY
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Northeast Energy Efficiency
Partnerships (NEEP)
Lexington, MA
Oncor
Dallas, TX
OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc.
Darners, MA
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
inn n CV
(PG&E)
San Francisco, CA
Pella Corporation
Pp/la It
rtilltl. In
PepsiCo, Inc.
Pnrrhaip NY
rulLllalul, Hi
ProVia Door
Sugarcreek, OH
Raytheon Company
Waltham, MA
Rocky Mountain Power, Inc.
Salt Lake City, UT
SENERCON
El Paso, TX
Servidyne
Atlanta, GA
Southern California Edison
Company
RnvpmpaH (*A
nUdciiicoU, tfft
Southern Energy Management
Morrisville, NC
Sponsors of Northwest Energy
Efficiency Alliance (NEEA)
Portland, OR
TIAA-CREF
New York, NY
Toyota Motor Engineering &
Manufacturing North America,
Inc.
Erlanger, KY
TRANSWESTERN
Houston, TX
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
Whirlpool Corporation
Benton Harbor, Ml
Winton/Flair Custom Homes
El Paso, TX
Wisconsin Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Advanced Energy
Dn/»/«A Hlf
naleigh, NC
Andersen Corporation
Bayport, MN
Bosch Home Appliances
Huntington Beach, CA
Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Lake Success, NY
CEMEX USA
Houston, TX
Colorado Governor's Energy
Office
Denver, CO
Energy Diagnostics Inc.
Valparaiso, IN
Energy Education
Dallas, TX
EnergyLogic
Berthoud, CO
Environments For Living/Masco
Home Services
Daytona Beach, FL
Evergreen Public Schools
Vancouver, WA
FetterGroup
Louisville, KY
Frostbusters & Coolth Co.
Grand Junction, CO
Gainesville Regional Utilities
(GRU)
Gainesville, FL
Georgia Power
Atlanta, GA
Good Earth Lighting, Inc.
Wheeling, IL
Hanesbrands Inc.
Winston-Salem, NC
HEI Hotels & Resorts
Norwalk, CT
Home Energy Defense
Lincoln, HE
JELD-WEN, inc.
Klamath Falls, OR
Johnson Controls, Inc.
Milwaukee, Wl
Jones Lang LaSalle
Chicago, IL
Kennedy Associates
Seattle, WA
Kimberly-Clark Corporation
Dallas, TX
Kohl's Department Stores
Menomonee Falls, Wl
Long Island Power Authority
(LI PA)
Uniondale, NY
Loudoun County Public Schools
Ashburn, VA
Louisville-Jefferson County
Metro Government
Louisville, KY
Manitowoc Foodservice
New Port Richey, FL
New Mexico Gas Company
Albuquerque, NM
Nissan North America, Inc.
Franklin TIU
ilttllnlitl, I ill
Panasonic Home & Environment
Company
Secaucus, NJ
Public Service Company of New
Mexico (PNM)
Albuquerque, NM
Public Service Company of
Oklahoma (PSO)
Tulsa, OK
Puget Sound Energy
Bellevue, WA
Questar Gas Company
Salt Lake City, UT
Saint-Gobain
Valley Forge, PA
Sears Holdings Corporation
Hoffman Estates, IL
Sunoco, Inc.
Philadelphia, PA
Technical Consumer Products,
Inc.
Aurora, OH
AWARDS FOR
EXCELLENCE
Actus Lend Lease, LLC
Nashville, TN
City of Topeka Department
of Housing & Neighborhood
Development
Topeka, KS
DIRECTV, Inc.
ElSegundo, CA
HearthStone Homes, Inc.
Omaha, NE
Houston Habitat for Humanity
Houston, TX
KB Home
M/l Homes
Columbus, OH
Menards
Eau Claire, Wl
Metro Lighting
St. Louis, MO
Nationwide Marketing Group
Winston-Salem, NC
On Top of the World
Communities, Inc.
Ocala, FL
PK Management, LLC
Richmond Heights, OH
Richmond American Homes
Denver, CO
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Suwon, South Korea
Sharp Electronics Corporation
Mahwah,NJ
Southern California Gas
Company
Los Angeles, CA
Southern Minnesota Municipal
Power Agency (SMMPA)
Rochester, MN
*For more information, visit http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2010_profiles_injeadership.p(lf.
12
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ENERGY STAR QUALIFIED PRODUCTS
The American public relies on ENERGY STAR as the national symbol for energy efficiency to guide their
purchasing decisions, save them money, and protect the environment. In 2009, Americans purchased over
300 million products that have earned the ENERGY STAR—across more than 60 product categories—for
a cumulative total of about 3 billion products6
purchased since 2000 (see Figure 5). ENERGY
STAR qualified products offer consumer savings
of as much as 75 percent relative to standard
models. Key activities in 2009 included:
• Adding four new product categories and
updating specifications for eight product
categories (see Table 7, p.14).
• Maintaining the value of ENERGY STAR by
monitoring and protecting the use of the label.
FIGURE 5. About 3 Billion ENERGY STAR Qualified Products
Purchased Since 2000
3.0 -
-S> 2.5
£ 2.0
1.5
.3 1.0
0.5
1 1 I
Signing a new agreement with DOE designed
to enhance and strengthen the trusted
ENERGY STAR program.
0.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
• HVAC and Other • Lighting* • Home Office Equipment
• Appliances • Home Electronics • Office Equipment
"Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified
products purchased.
Achievements in 2009
Empowering and Activating Consumers
EPA engages in public outreach that encourages Americans
to make energy-efficient changes at home, at work, and in
their communities. The ENERGY STAR program's approach
highlights both the financial and environmental benefits of
energy efficiency and provides a forum to drive behavior
change through a variety of elements—reaching millions
of people through print and broadcast media, events
nationwide, and grassroots-to-national partnerships.
'Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
The ENERGY STAR Pledge continued to serve as the
cornerstone of the national Change the World, Start with
ENERGY STAR campaign in 2009. Through the Pledge, EPA
encourages individuals to take simple actions that can
make a big difference in saving energy, such as:
• Choosing ENERGY STAR qualified appliances
and electronics.
• Maintaining home heating and cooling systems to
improve efficiency.
13
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
Table 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress
PRODUCT CATEGORY
2009 NEW SPECIFICATIONS
Commercial Griddles
Commercial Ovens
Integral LED Lamps
Servers
2009 REVISIONS COMPLETED
Audio/Video
Commercial Refrigerator/
Freezer
Geothermal Heat Pump
Light Commercial HVAC
Monitors/Displays
Televisions
Ventilation Fans
Windows, Doors, and
Skylights
YEAR
INTRODUCED ENERGY
(AND REVISED) SAVINGS STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
1999(2003,2009)
2001 (2009)
1995(2001,2009)
2002 (2004,2009)
1992(1995,1998,
1999,2005,2006,
2009)
1998(2002,2004,
2005, 2008, 2009)
2001 (2003, 2009)
1998(2003,2005,
2009)
2009 REVISIONS IN PROGRESS
Commercial Fryers 2003
Hot Food Holding Cabinets 2003
Servers 2009
Set-top Boxes 2001 (2005, 2008)
Water Coolers 2000(2004)
NEW SPECIFICATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Climate Controls
Commercial Audio
Data Center Storage
Lab-grade Refrigerator/
Freezer
Small Network Equipment
Solid State Lighting
Outdoor Luminaires
10-20% New specification took effect May 8, 2009.
10-20% New specification took effect May 16,2009.
75% New specification to take effect August 31, 2010.
30% New specification took effect May 15,2009.
60% Revised specification to take effect July 30, 2010 and March 30,2012.
„-.„, Revised specification for glass door took effect April 1, 2009. Revised
specification for solid door to take effect January 1, 2010.
45% Revised specification took effect December 1, 2009.
7-10% Revised specification to take effect May 1,2010.
Revised specification took effect October 30, 2009 for displays under 30 inches.
20% Revised specification to take effect January 30, 2010 for displays between 30
and 60 inches.
40% Revised specification to take effect May 1, 2010 and May 1,2012.
60-70% Revised specification took effect January 15,2009.
7-15% Revised specification to take effect January 4,2010.
25% In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.
25-65% In progress, expected to be complete in 2010.
TBD In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.
30% In progress, expected to be complete in 2010.
45% In progress, expected to be complete in 2010.
TBD New specification to be completed in 2011.
TBD New specification to be completed in 2010.
TBD New specification to be completed in 2011.
TBD New specification to be completed in 2011.
TBD New specification to be completed in 2011.
TBD New specification to be completed in 2011.
14
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ENERGY STAR: QUALIFIED PRODUCTS
• Ensuring homes are well sealed and insulated.
• Enabling power management features on home
computers and monitors.
More than 330,000 individuals took the ENERGY STAR
Pledge, representing an estimated potential 1.6 billion
GHG emissions prevented and almost 1 billion kWh
potentially saved. Additionally, the campaign generated
nearly 10 million media impressions from national and
local media covering the overall campaign, events and
the Exhibit House tour, and other product-related program
developments.
Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR pledge
drivers continued to be integral to the campaign's
success. These companies and organizations encourage
their employees, members, constituents, and others to
take the ENERGY STAR Pledge to make energy-saving
changes at home. The 2009 campaign included more than
800 pledge drivers, up from 743 the previous campaign
year. Since Earth Day 2009, the organizations leading
the way include Georgia Power Company, Jones Lang
LaSalle, ComEd, Kentucky National Energy Education
Development (NEED) Project, One Change's Project
Porchlight campaign, and the U.S. Department of Defense.
EPA activated more than 350,000 American youth and
their families in 2009 by supporting energy efficiency
projects in their communities, schools, and homes
through campaign partnerships with Boys & Girls Clubs of
America (BGCA) and Parent-Teacher Organizations (PTO)
Today (see below).
• More than 18,000 visitors in five cities toured the ENERGY
STAR Exhibit House during the 2009 campaign. Featuring
new interactive displays, the Exhibit House gave visitors
the opportunity to learn about energy efficiency room
by room.
FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
2000
2001
2002*
2003*
2004*
2005
2006*
2007*
2008
2009
| Unaided Awareness | Aided Awareness
*Unaided annual result is statistically different from the result of the prior year.
**Aided and unaided annual results are statistically different from the results of the prior year.
Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR Campaign
In 2009, EPA kicked off the second year of its Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR campaign by opening the Exhibit House
at the Earth Day 2009 event on the National Mall in Washington, DC. EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson announced new youth
partnerships with BGCA and PTO Today as part of the event. She was joined by members of a local Boys & Girls Club who toured
the ENERGY STAR Exhibit House and pledged to carry out specific energy efficiency actions to fight climate change.
For example:
• BGCA Clubs across the country conducted community service projects related
to energy efficiency—ranging from home energy check-ups to community
energy fairs—using ideas developed in conjunction with EPA.
• K-8 schools nationwide hosted "Go Green Nights" to teach and empower
kids and their families about energy efficiency, based on event-planning kits
developed by PTO Today and EPA.
The 2009 campaign built on the success of previous years and incorporated new
elements to engage youth and connect personally with consumers. The combined efforts of the national campaigns since 2006
have generated more than 2.5 million pledges of individual actions that could prevent over 6 billion pounds of GHG emissions.
15
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
The ENERGY STAR website experienced impressive
growth; visitor sessions reached 16 million in 2009, a
45-percent increase over 2008.
More than 75 percent of American households recognized
the ENERGY STAR label (see Figure 6, p.15).7 Additionally,
more than 80 percent of households had a high or general
understanding of the label.
One-third of American households knowingly purchased
an ENERGY STAR qualified product, and about 80 percent
of those households reported being favorably influenced
by the ENERGY STAR label and/or likely to recommend
ENERGY STAR products to their friends.8
Maintaining the Integrity of ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR for products has grown to encompass more
than 60 categories and is used by millions of Americans to
make energy-efficient choices that help them save money
and protect the environment. The ENERGY STAR brand is a
valuable asset, and like any asset with appreciable value,
it must be properly used and protected to deliver on our
promise to consumers. EPA and DOE undertake a broad range
of efforts to ensure that:
• The ENERGY STAR name and marks are applied properly
and consistently in the marketplace.
• ENERGY STAR delivers on its promise to designate
products and services that protect the environment
through superior energy efficiency without trade-offs in
performance or functionality.
• The ENERGY STAR program is positioned to enjoy broad
consumer confidence and deliver growing energy savings
and related environmental benefits for years to come.
Monitoring the ENERGY STAR Brand
Product manufacturers and retailers enter into formal
partnership agreements with the government and agree
to adhere to the ENERGY STAR Identity Guidelines, which
describe how the ENERGY STAR name and mark may be
used. EPA continuously monitors the use of the brand in trade
media, advertisements, the Internet, and stores. The Agency
also conducts biannual onsite store-level assessments of
ENERGY STAR qualified products on store shelves to ensure
the products are presented properly to consumers. In
addition, EPA evaluates the presence and quality of display
materials that showcase the ENERGY STAR name and/or
logo and assess retail staff knowledge and use of program
information when assisting customers.
Enhancing Qualification and Verification Requirements
To ensure that ENERGY STAR remains a trusted symbol for
environmental protection through superior efficiency, EPA and
DOE are pursuing comprehensive enhancements for product
qualification and verification. These new requirements will be
effective for products seeking qualification by the end of 2010.
• All ENERGY STAR qualified products will be certified as
meeting program requirements by an accredited third-
party certification body for every product. Certification will
include qualification testing before product labeling as
well as post-market verification testing for a percentage
of products to confirm that products continue to meet
program requirements.
• All product testing will be conducted in EPA-recognized
laboratories that provide evidence of technical
competence, strong quality management processes, and
impartiality toward test results.
• EPA will accept applications from accreditation
bodies, laboratories, and certification bodies that wish
to participate in the program. Requirements for EPA
recognition of these organizations build upon international
standards, including provisions that they demonstrate
impartiality.
These improvements will ensure that customers get the
energy and financial savings they expect when purchasing
products that have earned the ENERGY STAR.
Enforcement
Taking action to enforce the proper use of the ENERGY STAR
mark is essential to maintaining the integrity of the program.
When logo use monitoring or verification testing confirms
an ENERGY STAR labeled product model does not perform
as specified, EPA disqualifies the model from the program,
removes it from the list of qualified products, and requires the
manufacturer to take corrective actions.
'For more information, see U.S. EPA, 20Wc.
"For more information, see U.S. EPA, 20Wc.
16
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ENERGY STAR: QUALIFIED PRODUCTS
About ENERGY STAR Product Specification Revisions
When the ENERGY STAR program was established in 1992,
EPA offered the label for two products—computers and
monitors. Since then, the program has grown to include
more than 60 product categories. Through the ENERGY
STAR program, EPA provides value to consumers by
enabling them to easily identify energy-efficient products.
To achieve this, EPA sets specifications reflective of the
performance of the most efficient products on the market.
For a product to qualify for the ENERGY STAR label, it must
meet a strict set of specifications designed to ensure that
the product:
• Is energy-efficient
• Is cost-effective to the purchaser
• Maintains product performance or features
Revising ENERGY STAR Specifications
While EPA continues to expand its suite of labeled
products, it also revises specifications on an ongoing basis
to ensure that the ENERGY STAR label remains meaningful
to consumers. Over the years, specifications for the
majority of the product categories have been revised to
achieve additional energy savings (see Table 8). Each year,
EPA reviews current product specifications and carefully
considers the following questions to assess whether a
specification revision is appropriate:
• Can significant additional energy savings be realized
nationally?
• Can energy consumption and performance be measured
and verified with testing?
• Can product or service performance be maintained or
enhanced with increased energy efficiency?
• Will purchasers be able to recover an additional
investment in increased energy efficiency within a brief
period of time?
• Can additional energy efficiency be achieved without
unjustly favoring one technology?
• Will ENERGY STAR labeling effectively differentiate
products and services and be visible to purchasers?
EPA carefully weighs these questions to decide which
products warrant specification revisions.
TABLE 8. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With More Than 135 Product Specifications and Revisions
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS
NUMBER OF PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS UPDATES IN THE THAT WENT INTO
PRODUCTTYPE CATEGORIES (NEW AND REVISED) LASTS YEARS EFFECT IN 2009
Consumer Electronics
Office Equipment
HVAC
Commercial Food Service
Equipment
Lighting
Building Envelope
Appliances
Other
11
10
9
g
6
3
2
3
32
36
24
10
19
10
5
7
9
11
4
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
—
—
—
—
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Expand the list of products that can earn the ENERGY
STAR by adding commercial audio.
Raise the bar on qualifying products by revising
specifications to make them more stringent and efficient.
EPA will finalize revisions for hot food holding cabinets,
light commercial HVAC, set-top boxes, and water coolers.
Work with DOE on further program enhancements,
including broader product coverage, more frequent
specification updates, and enhanced product testing
and verification.
17
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ENERGY STAR IN HE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
In a June 2009 press release, President Barack Obama noted that "one of the fastest, easiest, and cheapest
ways to make our economy stronger and cleaner is to make our economy more energy efficient."9 With
energy use in the residential sector accounting for nearly 17 percent of all U.S. GHG emissions, helping
Americans make energy-efficient choices at home can help protect our environment as well. Through
ENERGY STAR, EPA offers homeowners, renters, and home builders useful tools and resources to help them
increase the energy efficiency of the nation's housing stock. Program highlights for 2009 included:
• Passing the milestone of 1 million ENERGY STAR qualified homes built.
• Increasing the number of participating ENERGY STAR builder partners to more than 8,500. These builders
constructed over 100,000 ENERGY STAR qualified homes, representing more than 20 percent of new
home starts (see Figure 7).
• Retrofitting more than 23,000 homes through Home Performance with ENERGY STAR.
• Expanding the Home Performance with ENERGY STAR programs to include more than 1,000
participating contractors.
Achievements in 2009
ENERGY STAR for New Homes
Celebrating 1 Million ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes. In
2009, EPA celebrated the milestone of 1 million ENERGY STAR
qualified homes built (see Figure 8). Since EPA began labeling
new homes in 1995, American homeowners have saved
$1.2 billion on their energy bills and reduced GHG emissions
by 22 billion pounds. In 2009 alone, families living in
ENERGY STAR qualified homes saved more than $270 million
on their utility bills, while avoiding GHG emissions equivalent
to those from about 370,000 vehicles.
' For more information, see The White House, 2009.
Offering Attractive Energy Efficiency Financing. EPA
continued its collaboration with the Energy Programs
Consortium, as well as with state energy offices and housing
finance agencies (HFAs),to develop and launch the ENERGY
STAR Mortgage Program. This program offers homeowners,
including low-income homeowners, a way to purchase
energy-efficient homes or finance efficiency improvements
to their existing homes while receiving a financial benefit
from the lender—usually in the form of a closing cost
discount or reduced interest rate. Following a successful
18
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ENERGY STAR: RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 7. ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes Gaining Market Share
DELAWARE
MARYLAND
Increasing Market Percentage
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
3-12%
12-20%
> 20%
pilot in 2008, the ENERGY STAR Mortgage Program is off to a
great start; in 2009, Maine and Colorado collectively provided
more than 150 ENERGY STAR Mortgages to borrowers.
Making Affordable Housing More Energy Efficient. EPA
continues to provide outreach and analytical support to state
HFAs, helping them incorporate ENERGY STAR measures as
part of the evaluation criteria for applications that request
public funds to develop affordable rental housing for low-
income families. Atthe end of 2009, over 40 state HFAs were
giving preference to projects that included ENERGY STAR
qualified products and/or residential new construction
practices, while at least eight state HFAs required all new
homes funded with low-income housing tax credits to
be ENERGY STAR qualified. Based on data from the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development(HUD),
more than 5,000 ENERGY STAR qualified homes were built in
FY09 using public funding from HUD, other federal agencies,
state/local agencies, or tax-exempt bond proceeds. EPA has
also partnered with Habitat for Humanity's U.S. affiliates to
promote the construction of ENERGY STAR qualified homes.
To date, over 400 Habitat affiliates have built more than
6,000 ENERGY STAR qualified homes. In addition, as a result
of EPA's outreach to the manufactured homes industry (also
part of the affordable housing market), more than 37,000
ENERGY STAR qualified manufactured homes have been built
in the United States.
FIGURE 8. More than 1 Million Homes Nationwide Bear the
ENERGY STAR Label
1,200,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
| 700,000 /
°
£ 600,000
I 500,000
^ 400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
z
z
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008* 2009*
• Cumulative Homes Built • Annual Homes Built
"Reflects transition to more stringent specification and slow down in U.S. housing starts.
19
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
ENERGY STAR Home Improvement
Expanding Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES) offers
homeowners a comprehensive, whole-house approach
to energy efficiency improvements through a network
of contractors trained to perform energy assessments
and retrofits. Through regional HPwES sponsors, a third
party conducts quality reviews of the contractors' work.
Over the past 8 years, EPA has worked with sponsoring
partners such as state and local governments, utilities, and
nonprofit organizations to implement HPwES in more than
30 markets (see Figure 9). As a result of their efforts, by the
end of 2009, over 75,000 homes had been retrofitted through
HPwES programs. In 2009, EPA recognized 36 participating
contractors with the ENERGY STAR Century Club Award
for improving more than 100 homes each—up from
22 contractors in 2008.
Continuing Growth for ENERGY STAR HVAC Quality
Installation Guidelines. EPA partnered with five utilities
around the country to offer the ENERGY STAR HVAC Quality
Installation (Ql) program, which helps utility partners go
beyond product incentives to deliver additional KW and kWh
savings by improving installation procedures. The HVAC Ql
program blends an American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)-recognized, industry-accepted set of installation
guidelines with the endorsement of EPA's ENERGY STAR
program to help consumers obtain high-quality installations.
Working with its partners, the HVAC Ql program trained
more than 100 contractors and saved homeowners over
100,000 kWh in 2009.
Offering Home Energy Online Assessment Tools. EPA
updated the ENERGY STAR Home Energy Yardstick, a key
home energy assessment tool, to allow users to set an
energy reduction goal. By doing so, users can determine how
their homes will compare to similar homes if they reduce
their energy use by a certain percentage. The Home Energy
Yardstick is just one of several tools, including the Home
Energy Advisor, the ENERGY STAR Heating & Cooling Quiz,
the Guide to Energy Efficient Heating and Cooling, and the
Do-lt-Yourself Guide to Sealing and Insulating, offered by
EPA's ENERGY STAR program to help Americans improve
their homes' energy efficiency.
FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WEST
VIRGINIA
DELAWARE
MARYLAND
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
I States with Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR Programs
Metro Areas with Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR Programs
20
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ENERGY STAR: RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
New Homes
• Finalize new, more rigorous technical guidelines for homes
to earn the ENERGY STAR. The new requirements will
go into effect in 2011 and become fully implemented in
2012. EPA forecasts that market share for ENERGY STAR
qualified homes will exceed 25 percent in 2010.
• Unveil the next generation of guidelines for cutting-edge
builders through the ENERGY STAR Concept Home. A
home constructed to these guidelines will be over
50 percent more efficient than the 2009 International
Energy Conservation Code (IECC), making it compatible
with renewable power systems that can result in net-zero
energy consumption. The Concept Home is intended to
road-test a bundle of advanced technologies likely
to be considered in future ENERGY STAR new home
specifications (2013 and beyond).
• Work with stakeholders to expand the ENERGY STAR
Mortgage program to more states in 2010.
Existing Homes
• Expand HPwES retrofits. EPA forecasts that more than
30,000 additional homes will be improved through HPwES
in 2010, bringing the total number of retrofitted homes
nationwide to over 100,000.
• Launch more than 10 new HPwES programs in California,
Delaware, Iowa, Nevada, Utah, Maryland, Illinois,
and Kentucky.
• Recruit at least three new sponsors for the HVAC Ql
program in 2010.
21
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ENERGY STAR IN HE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
As users of nearly 20 percent of the total energy consumed in the United States, commercial buildings play
a vital role in the nation's effort to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions.
EPA celebrated a decade of ENERGY STAR labeled buildings in 2009, signaling an important milestone
in the Agency's efforts to use the ENERGY STAR program to drive efficiency in the nation's commercial
buildings. This innovative program has helped bring thousands of organizations in the commercial buildings
marketplace to the forefront of energy efficiency and climate stewardship.
From the first building that earned the ENERGY STAR in 1999, the number of ENERGY STAR labeled buildings
grew to nearly 9,000 buildings by the end of 2009—representing nearly 1.6 billion square feet of space (see
Figure 11, p. 24). The rapidly expanding use of the broad range of ENERGY STAR resources led to a banner
year for ENERGY STAR—demonstrating that adoption of strategic energy management is good for business
ancfthe environment.
Achievements in 2009
Reaching Key Program Milestones
In 2009, with the help of ENERGY STAR, partners in the
commercial sector made great strides in improving energy
efficiency (see Figure 10). Major milestones involved:
Tracking Energy Performance. By the end of 2009, the
energy performance of more than 130,000 buildings
had been assessed using EPA's Portfolio Manager. This
cumulative total represents nearly 17 billion square feet, or
nearly 25 percent of the total market, and signifies a strong
commitment to energy management (see Figure 12, p. 24).10
Buildings Earning the ENERGY STAR. Almost 3,900 buildings
earned the ENERGY STAR in 2009—more than any other
" Calculated using CBECS 2003, see EIA, 2006.
year—bringing the cumulative total to nearly 9,000 (see
Figure 13, p. 25). In 2009,35 percent of the buildings earning
the ENERGY STAR had earned one or more labels in past
years. Also in 2009, the first houses of worship to earn the
ENERGY STAR label were welcomed into this select group of
top performers.
Leading the Way in Saving Energy. Since 2004, more than
100 partners have been recognized as ENERGY STAR Leaders
for reducing energy use in their buildings by as much as
40 percent or achieving top-performing portfolios. In 2009,
almost 60 organizations—including the first two to qualify
for a 40-percent reduction across their entire portfolio of
buildings—earned recognition, the most ever in a single year.
22
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ENERGY STAR: COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 10. Amount of Rated Floor Space by State
WASHINGTON
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
f * RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
Increasing Amount of Floor Space Rated
<35
35-99 100-399
(In Millions of Square Feet)
>400
More Buildings Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR. Even
with the downturn in the economy, nearly 100 commercial
building design projects achieved Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR in 2009, bringing the total number of buildings
intended to operate at ENERGY STAR performance levels
when they are built to 230.
Strategizing for Success
Implementing comprehensive energy retrofits in buildings
and ensuring newly constructed buildings deliver on
their high-performance intent requires organizations to
commit to a superior energy management strategy at the
top levels of management. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA
packages actionable guidance for organizations to gauge
the performance of all of their buildings easily and to
prioritize cost-effective investment opportunities, learn best
practices from industry leaders, and verify the savings from
their actions. Adopting this strategy has proven to be a key
ingredient to continuous improvement. In 2009, EPA focused
on the following strategies to penetrate the commercial
market on a greater scale and achieve new successes.
Supporting Innovative Energy Efficiency Initiatives. In 2009,
strategic partnerships with state and local governments and
industry associations resulted in the launch of several new
initiatives that are quickly becoming nationwide models.
Building on each organization's strengths—with EPA bringing
objective energy metrics and a platform to educate and train
energy users through the ENERGY STAR program—these
partnerships resulted in a bold ramp-up of energy efficiency
activity. For example:
• The Kilowatt Crackdown contest model has proven to be
effective in motivating energy efficiency improvements
using ENERGY STAR resources. The City of Louisville
launched its second annual competition in 2009, and
other local governments kicked off their own campaigns,
including Chicago's Green Office Challenge, San
Francisco's 24x7 Energy Challenge, and Portland's Office
Energy Showdown.
• The State of Washington and New York City enacted
legislation in 2009 requiring certain public and privately
owned commercial buildings to be benchmarked using
Portfolio Manager, joining Washington, DC; Austin, TX;
West Chester, PA; and the State of California.
23
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
Linking to Experts. Service and product providers, architects,
engineers, state energy offices, and utilities offer valuable
energy efficiency services and programs to help identify,
prioritize, and implement quality projects. In 2009, these
organizations expanded their services to include more
ENERGY STAR resources. This led to a 60-percent increase in
energy benchmarking through automated benchmarking
services for clients and assistance with labeling more than
1,500 buildings as ENERGY STAR.
To help building owners find experts with a successful
track record of providing assistance to organizations in
meeting their strategic energy management goals, EPA
added requirements for service and product providers
interested in becoming ENERGY STAR partners. Starting in
2009, a company had to demonstrate that it had experience
benchmarking or labeling buildings to become an ENERGY
STAR service and product provider partner.
Expanding Portfolio Manager. EPA continues to expand
Portfolio Manager's capabilities to facilitate its continued
use for tracking, understanding, and reducing the energy use
of buildings, and to meet changing market needs for energy
use information. Key improvements and expansions in 2009
involved:
• Adding reporting features that enable users to access and
customize reports on the information they are tracking in
the tool.
• Incorporating onsite renewable energy generation into
emissions and rating calculations.
• Developing and supporting automated utility data transfer
projects with utilities and other information service
providers.
FIGURE 11. Steady Growth in Building Space Benchmarked
and Labeled
18 -
FIGURE 12. Increase in Benchmarked Space by Building Type
o
o
cr
00
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Sq. Ft. Benchmarked
Sq. Ft. Labeled
*2001-200B includes only buildings eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR performance
score. 2009 includes those buildings as well as buildings eligible to receive an EUI /Energy
Use Intensity).
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009*
I Offices
K-12 Schools
Retail
Hospitals
Hotels
Supermarkets/
Grocery Stores
Other**
*2001-2008 includes only buildings eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR energy performance
score. 2009 includes those buildings as well as buildings eligible to receive an EUI (Energy
Use Intensity!.
**lncludes Bank-Financial Institutions, Warehouses/Storage, Courthouses, Medical Offices,
Residence Halls, Clinic/Other Outpatient Health, College/University Convenience Stores,
Distribution/Shipping Centers, Education, Entertainment/Culture, Fast Food, Fire Station/
Police Station, Food Sales, Food Service, Health Care: Inpatient, Health Care: Long Term Care,
Health Care: Outpatient, Library, Lodging, Mall, Multifamily Housing, Other, Public Assembly,
Public Order and Safety, Recreation, Restaurant/Cafeteria, Retail (Misc.I, Self-Storage,
Service (Vehicle Repair/Service, Postal Service!, Social/Meeting, Storage/Shipping/Non-
Refrigerated Warehouse.
24
-------
ENERGY STAR: COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 13. Nearly 9,000 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR
VERMONT «IAINE
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
Increasing Number of Qualified Buildings
<35
35-99 100-299
(Number of Buildings)
>300
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Extend the ENERGY STAR label to data centers, providing
an important assessment and recognition tool for a critical
and growing source of energy consumption in the nation.
Launch the first-ever National Building Competition, a
coast-to-coast contest among commercial buildings to
save energy and fight climate change. The competition
will feature 14 commercial buildings from across
the country that will "work off the waste" through
improvements in energy efficiency with support from
EPA's ENERGY STAR program.
Launch a Building Performance with ENERGY STAR
pilot with the help of utilities and state energy
efficiency programs. The pilot program aims to help
business customers further improve commercial building
energy efficiency and achieve increased energy
savings by strategically pursuing whole-building energy
improvements.
Collaborate with DOE to bring the resources of
ENERGY STAR to state and local governments receiving
funding under the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act of 2009 (ARRA) to improve energy efficiency in
their communities.
25
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ENERGY STAR IN HL INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
The industrial sector is currently responsible for 29 percent of the nation's annual GHG emissions. Through
ENERGY STAR, EPA empowers industry to improve energy efficiency and prevent GHG emissions by
eliminating barriers to energy management. EPA provides tools to manage and measure real improvement,
including a plant energy performance indicator (EPI) for gauging plant energy efficiency on a national
basis within an industry sector. Measuring improvement is the cornerstone of the ENERGY STAR program.
The success of the ENERGY STAR Focus Industries in improving energy performance validates that EPA's
strategic energy management approach—particularly the importance of measuring performance and
recognizing top performance—is achieving results for the environment.
Sharing information within an industry has helped remove communication barriers related to energy
efficiency and proven to be a highly successful approach. For example, EPA began work with the first
ENERGY STAR Focus industry, motor vehicle manufacturing, in 2001. Industry partners applied ENERGY
STAR resources and regularly measured energy efficiency of their auto assembly plants using the EPI. EPA
conducted a second benchmarking of energy performance of U.S. auto assembly plants using data from 2005
as part of the regular update process for the EPI. This second
benchmarking revealed a dramatic improvement in energy
efficiency across the industry.
• While the energy performance of the industry's top plants
has improved, the range of energy performance for all
assembly plants has also narrowed, so that both high and
low performing plants gained efficiency (see Figure 14).
• Fuel use has improved by 12 percent.
• Energy savings over 5 years translate into a reduction in
C02 emissions of nearly 1.5 billion pounds annually.
The motor vehicle industry serves as an example of how
industry-specific energy management strategies can help
reduce emissions that contribute to climate change.
FIGURE 14. Improvement in U.S. Auto Assembly
Plant Energy Performance, 2000 - 2005
2000 Distribution of U.S. Auto
Assembly Plant Efficiency
2005 Distribution of U.S. Auto
Assembly Plant Efficiency
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Million Btu Source Energy per Vehicle
26
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ENERGY STAR: INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Achievements in 2009
Informing and Empowering Energy Performance
EPA works closely with specific sectors to institute robust
energy programs, provide sector-wide energy management
tools, and implement best practices (see Table 9).
New plant EPIs issued. With the goal of enabling industry to
overcome the lack of objective measurement methods, EPA
released final EPIs for frozen fried potato plants and juice
manufacturing plants. Draft EPIs were issued for industry
testing for pulp and paper mills, steel plants with electric arc
furnaces, and biscuit and cracker bakeries in 2009. At the
same time, a revision of the baseline data for the existing
cement plant EPI was released for industry testing.
New energy guides released. EPA issued an energy guide
that identifies energy efficiency opportunities for pulp and
paper plants, while a draft guide was released for the steel
industry to review.
Building Capacity
Key alliances and tools help EPA and its partners build
capacity in a cost-effective manner.
Number of industrial sector focuses grows to 18. EPA
signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the American
Foundry Society to enable more than 800 U.S. metalcasting
companies to develop strategic energy management
programs using ENERGY STAR resources.
Table 9. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy
ENERGY
PEER EXCHANGE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE
FOCUS INDUSTRY NETWORK ENERGY GUIDE INDICATOR
Cement Manufacturing
Corn Refining
Food Processing
• Cookies & Crackers
•Juice
• Potato Products
•Tomato Products
Glass Manufacturing
• Fiberglass
• Flat Glass Products
• Container Glass Products
Metal Casting
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Industry
Pharmaceuticals
Pulp & Paper
• Integrated
•Pulp
Steel
• Mini-mills
Water/Wastewaster
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Published
Published
Published
Published
UnderStudy
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
In process
In process
2nd Version in Draft
Released
Draft
Released
Released
Draft
Draft
Released
Released
Exploring Options
2nd Version Released
Draft
Private system
recognized by EPA
Released
Draft
Draft
Draft
Released
27
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
TABLE 10. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants
SECTOR FACILITY
Cement Manufacturing Plants
Auto Assembly Plants
Petroleum Refineries
Wet Corn Mills
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants
Frozen Fried Potato Processing Plants
Total Plants Labeled
Total Estimated Energy Savings
(Compared with Average Plants)
LABELS EARNED IN 2009
10
9
3
0
5
3
30
38,700,000 mniBtu
TOTAL PLANTS EARNING LABELS
20
15
8
3
5
3
54
156,400,000 mmBtu*
"Represents cumulative savings for labels earned since 2006.
More tools available to help small- and medium-sized
manufacturers. EPA released a new Energy Tracking Tool
that enables small- and medium-sized manufacturers to
monitor energy use and intensity, set goals, and track
energy performance.
Energy management best practice networking among
partner companies increases. Networking among ENERGY
STAR partner organizations increased by 30 percent over
2008 participation.
More Plants Earning the ENERGY STAR
EPA awarded the ENERGY STAR to 30 plants in 2009—
including five pharmaceutical plants and three frozen fried
potato plants that earned the ENERGY STAR for the first
time—bringing the total to 54 (see Table 10). Since 2006,
EPA has awarded the ENERGY STAR to plants meeting strict
energy and environmental performance guidelines.
Expanding Sustainable Strategies
EPA is reaching beyond its ENERGY STAR partners by
promoting energy efficiency as part of the partners' broad
sustainability initiatives.
Supply chain engagement reaches beyond partners. EPA
continued collaborating with the growing Supply Chain
Working Group to promote the use of energy efficiency
among the suppliers to ENERGY STAR partners. As a result,
suppliers from several levels upstream are now engaged in
ENERGY STAR.
Downstream industries. In 2009, the Cement Focus expanded
to engage rock product industries downstream of the
cement industry. Many U.S. cement producers that work
with rock product industries, such as ready-mixed concrete,
asphalt paving, and aggregates, are actively engaging these
companies and regional associations in a broader ENERGY
STAR focus on energy efficiency in rock product industries.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Formalize agreements with more U.S. industrial sectors,
including the dairy industry and concrete producers.
Finalize EPIs for cement plants and biscuit and
cracker bakeries.
Complete an energy guide for steel plants and draft a
guide for foundries.
Analyze and measure the impact of energy management
in the U.S. cement industry over a 10-year period through
a rebenchmarking of cement plants.
Collaborate with DOE on the development of an ISO
standard for energy management and support the joint
DOE-EPA State Energy Efficiency Action Network
for industry.
Engage small- and medium-sized manufacturing plants in
setting and achieving energy performance goals through
the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry.
28
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CLIMATE LEADERS
CLIMATE
LEADERS
Launched in 2002, EPA's Climate Leaders program is an industry-government
partnership that works with companies to develop comprehensive climate change
strategies. Through Climate Leaders, EPA deploys standardized GHG emissions
management practices for use among companies within an industry and provides guidance and recognition
to encourage companies to take corporate-level action to reduce emissions. Climate Leaders partners
represent a variety of industries and sectors, from manufacturers and utilities to financial institutions
and retailers—with operations in all 50 states (see Figures 15 and 16, p. 30). When companies partner
with Climate Leaders, they fight climate change by submitting a corporate-wide inventory of their GHG
emissions and setting and achieving aggressive, public, emissions reduction goals.
Leveraging EPA's expertise and broad array of tools and resources, partners make informed decisions
about cost-effective strategies, investments, and clean energy options to reduce their GHG emissions. EPA
continually tracks partners' progress toward meeting their emissions goals and ensures the credibility of
reported data by performing detailed reviews and making site visits. By participating in Climate Leaders,
partners create a credible record of their accomplishments and receive EPA recognition as corporate
environmental leaders.
Since its inception, Climate Leaders has reached a number of important milestones and is positioned to
continue this success in the future (see Table 11, p. 30). EPA estimates thatthe GHG emissions reduction
goals set by Climate Leaders partners will reduce GHG emissions by 47.5 MMTCE between 2005 and 2012,
equivalent to preventing the annual GHG emissions from 33 million vehicles.
Achievements in 2009
Eleven additional partners achieved Climate Leaders GHG
reduction goals: Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.; Bank
of America Corp.; Coors Brewing Company; Eastman
Kodak Company; Exelon Corp.; First Environment, Inc.; Gap
Inc.; Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG); Raytheon
Co.; Roche Group U.S.; and Shaklee Corp.
Of the 29 companies that met their initial goals in the
program, 19thus far have committed to a second round of
reduction goals.
Thirty-eight partners announced initial corporate GHG
reduction goals in 2009, bringing the total number of
corporate GHG goals set by Climate Leaders partners to 154.
29
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
FIGURE 15. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners
FIGURE 16. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members
Transportation Federal
Government
Utilities
Retail
Health Care
13
Financial
Services
14
Commercial
Enterprise 14
j
Agriculture &
Industrial
Manufacturing
70
Consumer Goods
Food and Beverage ^ . \"™ ™
14 Information v Manufacturing
Consumer
Goods
Manufacturing
3
Agriculture &
Food and
Beverage
Industrial
Manufacturing
16
Financial
Services
Utilities
1
Transportation
25
J
Commercial
/ Enterprise
36
15
19
TABLE 11. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators for 2004 - 2009 (Cumulative)
CLIMATE LEADERS INDICATOR 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Partners
Small Business Network Members
(forthcoming)
Total Partners and Members
Initial Inventories Submitted
Site Visits
Goals Announced
Goals Achieved
64
—
—
42
9
20
0
78
—
—
58
29
31
5
107
—
—
78
46
55
8
155
—
—
115
77
88
11
251
—
—
161
109
115
18
183*
87*
270
201
144
154
29
*\n late 2009, EPA approved development of the Climate Leaders Small Business Network to provide support to smaller companies. In previous years, the program numbers reflect participation from
both small and large companies. These 2009 numbers differentiate between the small and large companies participating in Climate Leaders.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Refine program requirements, whereby participating
companies must set absolute GHG reduction goals instead
of electing to set only intensity-based targets.
Make Climate Leaders partners' aggregate corporate-
wide GHG inventories publicly available.
Release emissions guidance for production of
aluminum, cement, and pulp and paper, as well as
updated versions of EPA sector-specific guidance on
iron and steel production, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and
perfluorocarbon (RFC) emissions from manufacturing
refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, and
municipal solid waste landfills. Guidance for optional
sources, such as emissions associated with corporate
meetings and conferences, will also be released.
• Launch the Climate Leaders Small Business Network
to provide smaller companies with tools, resources,
technical assistance, and public recognition for setting
and achieving public GHG reduction goals.
30
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CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Since the debut of EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs in 2001—which include the Green Power
Partnership and the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership—remarkable progress has been made
in facilitating the growth of green electricity generation and environmentally beneficial CHP across the
nation. For the past 8 years, both programs
have dismantled market barriers by helping
hundreds of partners find cost-effective
solutions to meettheir energy needs through
technical resources, nationally accepted
standards, access to expertise, and recognition
for environmental leadership.
FIGURE 17. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy
Supply Programs
6
Partner investments in clean energy yield
significant environmental benefits by reducing
GHG emissions and other air pollutants; their
investments also transform the marketplace
by increasing demand for clean energy supply
technologies. The programs' achievements
have been impressive; in 2009 alone, EPA's
Clean Energy Supply programs reduced GHG
emissions by 6.5 MMTCE (see Figure 17).
LU
CJp
5
4 -
13-
CD
X
CD
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's Green Power
Partnership is a voluntary
program that encourages
organizations to buy green
power as a way to reduce the
environmental impacts associated with purchased electricity
use while demonstrating environmental leadership. EPA's
&EPA
GREEN
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
Green Power partners include a wide variety of leading
organizations, such as Fortune 500 companies; small-
and medium-sized businesses; local, state, and federal
government agencies; and colleges and universities. Once
again, the commitments of these partners made 2009 an
exceptional year for EPA's Green Power Partnership.
31
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
Achievements in 2009
Added over 300 new partners, bringing the total to more
than 1,200. These organizations have committed to
buying more than 17 billion kWh of green power annually,
which is enough energy to run nearly 1.5 million average
American homes for one year (see Figure 18).
Expanded EPA's Fortune 500 Green Power Challenge,
an initiative focused on expanding the collective green
power purchases of eligible Fortune 500 corporations.
By the end of 2009,60 Fortune 500 companies had taken
the Challenge and stepped up their commitment to
environmental stewardship by collectively purchasing
more than 9 billion kWh.
Acknowledged 44 participating partners in EPA's College
& University 2008 - 2009 Green Power Challenge. EPA
ranked the green power purchases of individual schools
against others within their athletic conference, and then
calculated cumulative purchases among competing
athletic conferences.
Presented 17 Green Power Leadership Awards to top
purchasers of green power and onsite renewable power
systems (see Table 12).
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Expand community-level green power purchasing by
designing and launching a specific initiative to double the
number of Green Power Communities nationwide.
Explore innovative solutions that address the market
barriers potentially impeding the deployment of onsite
renewable energy systems by piloting at least one multi-
stakeholder collaborative procurement.
Continue to support and recognize partners' green
power purchases while working with green power
suppliers to increase the market supply of attractive
green power products.
Increase the number of partners by 15 percent in 2010.
TABLE 12. EPA Recognizes 17 Leading Green Power Partners in 2009
Green Power Purchasing
Beaulieu Commercial
Bloomberg LP
EarthColor, Inc.
Foulger-Pratt Management, Inc.
Motorola, Inc.
Neenah Paper, Inc.
Shaklee Corporation
Steelcase USA
The Joinery
Western Pennsylvania
Energy Consortium
Adairsville, GA
New York, NY
West Orange, NJ
Rockville, MD
Schaumburg, IL
Neenah, Wl
Pleasanton, CA
Grand Rapids, Ml
Portland, OR
Pittsburgh, PA
Onsite Generation
Applied Materials, Inc.
Butte College
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc./
California and
Texas Facilities
Santa Clara, CA
Oroville, CA
Bentonville, AR
Green Power Partner of the Year
Deutsche BankAG
Intel Corporation
Kohl's Department Stores
Mohawk Fine Papers, Inc.
New York, NY
Santa Clara, CA
Menomonee Falls, Wl
Cohoes, NY
32
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FIGURE 18. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions
20 -,
CD
Z
CD
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Green Power—Energizing Communities Across the Country
Leading municipalities across the nation are partnering
with EPA to become Green Power Communities
(GPCs). GPCs are towns, villages, cities, counties, or
Native American tribes in which the local government,
businesses, and residents collectively buy green power
in amounts that meet or exceed EPA's Green Power
Partnership community purchase requirements. Since
2004, nearly 30 communities have mobilized to reduce
their carbon footprint by buying and using green power.
These purchases helped avoid the annual C02 emissions
equivalent to those from the electricity use of nearly
58,000 average American homes.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP
Through the CHP Partnership,
EPA encourages the use of high-
CHP
•8-EPA COMBMCD HE*T *NT
POWER MHTWEHlMP
efficiency CHP technologies,
which are cleanerthan
separately produced electrical and thermal energy. CHP
projects are up to 30 percent more efficient than traditional
separate heat and power generation,11 and can also reduce
reliance on grid-supplied electricity, increase reliability of
existing electricity supply systems, and help delay the need
to build new capacity.
To promote increased utilization of CHP, EPA works closely
with energy users, the CHP industry, state and local
governments, and other stakeholders to develop new CHP
projects and to promote their environmental, economic,
and other benefits. Since the program's inception, the CHP
Partnership has made an important impact on U.S. CHP
capacity, annually assisting up to 71 percent of the new CHP
capacity additions over the past 5 years (see Table 13).
Achievements in 2009
Welcomed 89 new partners, bringing the total to 353.
Provided technical assistance to 16 candidate sites
across the country, including those in the municipal,
utility, biofuels, industrial, and commercial sectors.
Assisted in the deployment of more than 295 MW of new
CHP nationwide (out of total new nationwide capacity of
more than 450 MW), bringing the cumulative impact of the
program to over 4,800 MW of new CHP.
Recognized seven highly efficient CHP projects with
the ENERGY STAR CHP Award. These systems range from
a 0.2 MW dairy farm system to a 449 MW facility
that supports a large plastics manufacturing plant
(see Table 14, p. 34).
Released the final proposed Waste Energy Recovery Rule
on July 23,2009, and solicited public comments.
TABLE 13. CHP Capacity Market Share
TOTAL NEW CHP
YEAR CAPACITY (MW)
NEW CHP CAPACITY
CREDITABLE TO THE CHP
PARTNERSHIP (MW)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total
5,214
3,576
3,340
1,600
353
478
259
452
15,272
620 (12%)
516 (14%)
1,963 (59%)
821 (51%)
139 (39%)
340 (71%)
154 (59%)
298 (66%)
4,851
" For more information, see www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.html.
33
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Focus on key end-use sectors such as wastewater
treatment facilities with the goal of achieving a
50-percent penetration rate over the next 3 years.
Advance CHP's role in energy performance measurement
and rating systems, such as EPA's Portfolio Manager.
Publish the final Waste Energy Recovery Rule in the
Federal Register, as required under Title IV, Subtitle D,
Part E of EISA, to establish the criteria by which sources
or sites will be listed in the Registry.
TABLE 14. 2009 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards
Bridgewater Correctional Complex
Cogeneration Plant
Commonwealth of Bridgewater, MA
Massachusetts Department
of Correction
Carville Energy Center
Calpine Corporation
St. Gabriel, LA
Patterson Farms CHP System
Patterson Farms Auburn, NY
717 5th Avenue Cogeneration Plant
Equity Office Properties New York, NY
Consolidated Edison East River
Repowering Project
Consolidated Edison Company New York, NY
of New York
Duquesne University Energy Center
Duquesne University Pittsburgh, PA
Missouri Joint Municipal Electric Utility
Commission (MJMEUC) Cogeneration System
Missouri Joint Municipal Laddonia, MO
Electric Utility Commission
(MJMEUC)
34
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STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES
EPA supports state and local governments as they develop and deploy climate change and clean energy
actions by providing technical assistance, analytical tools, and peer exchange opportunities. EPA helps
state and local governments reduce air pollutants, GHG emissions, and energy costs through greater end-
use efficiency in residential and commercial buildings and public facilities.
In 2009, state and local governments faced a different kind of opportunity in advancing clean energy—
accessing and using clean energy funding made available on an unprecedented scale through ARRA. To
assist, EPA:
• Designed a comprehensive website for state and local governments to access information about
ARRA funding opportunities, browse implementation ideas, and learn about other government clean
energy projects.
• Developed the State and Local Guide to U.S. EPA Climate and Energy Program Resources—providing
"at-a-glance" information about EPA programs and associated resources that can be leveraged to
expand or develop clean energy initiatives.
• Developed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: A Guide to Renewable Energy and
Energy Efficiency Opportunities for Local and Tribal Governments to assist in identifying funding sources
available under ARRA.
35
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
STATE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
mm
Sltla Cllmito anil Energy Proguir
Achievements in 2009
• Launched the new State
Climate and Energy Partner
Network, which helps states
learn from each other about
climate change and clean
energy initiatives by sharing policy news and exchanging
information and ideas. More than 125 state staff joined
between September and December 2009.
• Released the Clean Energy Lead by Example Guide:
Strategies, Resources, and Action Steps for State
Programs. The guide identifies best practices and
examples of state-led clean energy activities; highlights
the benefits and costs of taking action; and identifies
issues, strategies, and resources for implementing key
steps in the development of a comprehensive lead by
example program.
Released the State Bioenergy Primer: Information and
Resources for States on Issues, Opportunities, and
Options for Advancing Bioenergy, which provides an
overview of biomass feedstocks, basic information about
biomass conversion technologies, and a discussion of
benefits and challenges of bioenergy options.
LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
Achievements in 2009
Opened the first application
period for the Climate
Showcase Communities'
$10 million grant program
and received more than
400 applications. The goal of this program is to create
replicable models of sustainable community action that
generate cost-effective and sustained GHG reductions
while improving the environmental, economic, public
health, or social conditions in a community.
Local Climite and Energy Prnyram
Provided support for urban heat island efforts through
webcast training sessions on topics such as program
implementation, climate and air quality impacts, and
scientific modeling tools.
Issued three new Local Climate and Energy Strategy
Guides on energy efficiency in local government
operations, K-12 schools, and affordable housing.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Introduce a comprehensive new website for states and
communities that will provide efficient access to current
climate and energy information, tools, reporting, and
peer exchange.
Announce the first round of funding for 25 Climate
Showcase Communities grant recipients and launch the
2010 round of funding applications for local and tribal
government climate change initiatives.
Release a new guide to Assessing the Multiple Benefits of
Clean Energy.
36
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STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES
CLEAN ENERGY AND UTILITY POLICY PROGRAMS
Despite the proven economic and environmental benefits
of energy efficiency, a variety of barriers have deterred
utilities and state and local governments from making
greater investments in these cost-effective measures. EPA
provides tools and resources to support state public utility
commissions, state policy makers, and others that are
exploring and implementing policies and programs to lower
the barriers to adopting comprehensive energy efficiency,
renewable energy, and CHP programs.
Achievements in 2009
• Continued co-facilitation of
the National Action Plan for
Energy Efficiency (Action
Plan) with DOE. In 2009, the
Action Plan released five issue
papers that share policy and
program options for removing
key barriers to energy efficiency. The Action Plan also
continued to measure state progress toward establishing
a long-term framework for achieving all cost-effective
energy efficiency by 2025.
• Released the Rapid Deployment Energy Efficiency (RDEE)
Toolkit—in collaboration with the Leadership Group of the
Action Plan—to help state and local governments choose
and implement proven efficiency programs to provide
measurable and predictable energy savings and jobs.
The Toolkit was developed under the guidance of and
with input from the Leadership Group to assist those who
received ARRA funding.
• Co-facilitated the Smart Grid Stakeholder Roundtable
effort to help promote an open dialogue among various
stakeholders and smart grid project developers.
Perspectives for Utilities and Others Implementing Smart
Grids summarizes the discussions among this group
of state agencies, consumers, utilities, environmental
groups, and others.
• Provided policy assistance to New York and California to
help them accelerate the deployment of customer-sited
clean distributed generation.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Transition to the next phase of the Action Plan through
the creation of the State Energy Efficiency (SEE) Action
Network. SEE Action will help the nation achieve all cost-
effective energy efficiency by 2020—5 years earlier than
originally envisioned—by focusing on the assistance
states and local governments need to advance policies
and practices that bring energy efficiency to scale.
37
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METHANE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane
Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2012
185
Methane (CH4) is a potent GHG that is 23 times more effective than C02 at trapping heat in the earth's
atmosphere. It also has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime, ranging from 9 to 15 years. Together,
these characteristics make methane an excellent candidate to mitigate climate change in the near term.
Methane offers a unique opportunity for cost-effective GHG emissions reductions because when
recovered and used properly, it is a valuable
energy resource.
EPA has established partnership programs
with industry to reduce methane emissions
from some of the largest sources by
encouraging methane capture and use
as energy. EPA's programs—Natural Gas
STAR, AgSTAR, the Coalbed Methane
Outreach Program, and the Landfill
Methane Outreach Program—strive to
remove market barriers and increase
investment in cost-effective emissions
reduction technologies and practices.
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
• In 2009, the combined efforts of EPA's methane programs resulted in GHG emissions reductions of
17.9 MMTCE, which is 90 percent more than the total for 2000 (see Table 15).
• Combined with a regulatory program to limit air emissions from the nation's largest landfills, these
partnerships have reduced emissions from targeted sources to 14 percent below 1990 levels. They are
projected to remain below 1990 levels through at least 2012 (see Figure 19).
EPA is also leveraging its experience, expertise, and success in the United States to achieve economic and
environmental results on a global scale. The Methane to Markets (M2M) Partnership works with 38 partner
governments and more than 1,000 public and private sector organizations around the world to accelerate
the recovery and use of methane as a clean energy source (see Figure 23, p. 45).
38
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METHANE PROGRAMS
TABLE 15. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals
PROGRAM
2009 GOAL
2009 ACHIEVEMENT
2010 GOAL
NATURAL GAS STAR
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Gas Savings (MMTCE)
62%
7.2
62%
9.5
62%
7.5
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCE)
2.4
2.4
2.7
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Number of Projects
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCE)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
369
5.9
15.5
418
6.0
17.9
389
6.2
16.4
NATURAL GAS STAR PROGRAM
A collaborative partnership between
EPA and the U.S. oil and natural
gas industry, Natural Gas STAR is
designed to spur the adoption of
cost-effective technologies and
practices that reduce methane
emissions. By working with companies from the oil
production sector and all sectors of the natural gas supply
chain, Natural Gas STAR helps reduce methane losses,
improve system efficiency, and ensure that more gas gets
to market. Many useful program tools and resources—
including technology transfer workshops, technical
assistance, and peer networking forums—assist partners
in implementing a wide range of cost-effective methane
reduction best management practices and technologies.
Achievements in 2009
Reduced U.S. methane emissions by 9.5 MMTCE,
achieving cumulative reductions of more than
99.3 MMTCE since 1990 (see Figure 20).
Maintained 60 percent industry participation
across all major sectors—production, processing,
transmission, and distribution.
Welcomed six new partner companies, bringing the
total to more than 130.
Recognized 24 partner companies at the 16th Annual
Implementation Workshop in San Antonio, TX, for
their significant corporate achievements in reducing
methane emissions from oil and gas systems (see
Table 16, p. 40).
FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions
Reductions and Gas Savings
1000
10
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
39
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Update existing materials and develop new tools
and resources that highlight the environmental and
economic benefits of methane reductions to facilitate
and accelerate company implementation of emissions
reduction projects.
Conduct one targeted study tour and two onsite
technology transfer workshops.
Integrate the Annual Implementation Workshop and the
M2M Oil & Gas Subcommittee Meeting to reach a broader
international audience.
Perform measurement studies, provide training in leak
detection and quantification methods, and conduct
technology transfer workshops at oil and gas operations
globally to assess key emissions sources and identify
potential mitigation measures.
Work with other federal agencies to encourage methane
emissions reductions from production operations on
federal lands, particularly in the western United States.
TABLE 16. 2009 Natural Gas STAR Awards
Production Partner of the Year
Chesapeake Energy
Gathering and Processing Partner
Western Gas Resources
Transmission Partner of the Year
Spectra Energy Transmission
Distribution Partner of the Year
Southwest Gas Corporation
Continuing Excellence - 5 Years
Alliant Energy
Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P.
Energen Resources
Enogex LLC
Gulf South Pipeline
Kinder Morgan
Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation
Williams Production RMT Company
Oklahoma City, OK
of the Year
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
Henderson, A/I/
Madison, Wl
Houston, TX
Midland, TX
Oklahoma City, OK
Houston, TX
Lakewood, CO
Houston, TX
Denver, CO
Continuing Excellence - 7 Years
DTE Energy- MichCon
ExxonMobil Production Company
Northern Natural Gas
Western Gas Resources
Continuing Excellence -10 Years
CenterPoint Energy Minnesota Gas
ConocoPhillips Petroleum Company
Continuing Excellence -12 Years
Consumers Energy
Southwest Gas Corporation
Continuing Excellence -15 Years
AGL Resources
Detroit, Ml
Houston, TX
Omaha, NE
Houston, TX
Minneapolis, MN
Houston, TX
Jackson, Ml
Henderson, A/I/
Atlanta, GA
Oklahoma City, OK
Implementation Manager of the Year
Andrew McCalmont,
Chesapeake Energy
Rookie of the Year
Comgas Sao Paulo, Brazil
International Partner of the Year
Enbridge, Inc. North York, Ontario
40
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METHANE PROGRAMS
AGSTAR PROGRAM
Through the AgSTAR Program,
EPA—along with its partner the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA)—
collaborates with the nation's
agriculture industry to reduce methane
emissions by promoting the use of
anaerobic (without oxygen) digesters and biogas recovery
systems to manage animal wastes. EPA offers an array of
tools and information designed to assist livestock producers
in evaluating and implementing methane recovery systems.
The technologies and practices encouraged through AgSTAR
help avoid GHG emissions, as well as reduce local water and
air pollution. These methane recovery systems also become
a source of renewable energy and generate other value-
added products that improve farm revenues. Currently, there
are more than 250 manure digester systems operating, under
construction, or planned in the United States.
Achievements in 2009
Provided technical support to USDA in selecting seven
anaerobic digester projects for grant and loan funding
through the Farm Bill, bringing the total disbursement of
funds to digester projects through the Farm Bill to more
than $38 million since 2003.
Supported digester-to-energy projects that produced
more than 350 million kWh of renewable energy from
farms capturing methane.
Assisted in the formation and development of the
American Biogas Council, a nationwide nonprofit
organization aimed at advancing adoption of livestock
manure digester systems.
Welcomed eight states as AgSTAR partners to more
effectively leverage expertise and resources within state
energy and environmental organizations and accelerate
the adoption of digester systems.
Updated and expanded the AgSTAR national digester
database to include 151 operating digesters and
130 digester projects that are planned, under
construction, or shut down.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Provide technical expertise to enable the distribution
of state and federal grant and loan funds to anaerobic
digester projects through USDA and other funding
sources.
Expand outreach and education to livestock producers
and other stakeholders through extension events, industry
meetings, and renewable energy conferences.
Evaluate emerging digester and biogas use technologies.
Revise and expand the AgSTAR program website to
provide enhanced tools and resources targeted to
livestock producers, project developers, and policy
makers.
Plan the Sixth AgSTAR National Conference, as well
as regional events, to provide environmental, program,
market, technical, and funding information on anaerobic
digestion systems.
Continue to expand the AgSTAR national digester
database to house the latest information on the
deployment of anaerobic digestion systems in the
United States.
41
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
US FPA
Coalbed Methane
The Coalbed Methane Outreach
Program (CMOP) strives to reduce
methane emissions from coal mining
activities. CMOP collaborates with
coal companies and related industries
to reduce methane emissions through
the development of environmentally
beneficial, cost-effective coal mine
methane (CMM) recovery and utilization projects.
The program primarily focuses on mitigating emissions
from underground coal mines, both from degasification
systems and from mine ventilation systems, as well as
from abandoned (closed) underground mines and active
surface mines. CMOP provides high-quality, project-
specific information and technical assistance to the
coal mining industry and project developers, including
project site identification, analyses of technologies,
technology demonstrations, mine-specific project feasibility
assessments, market evaluations, and analyses of financial
incentives and regulatory hurdles.
Achievements in 2009
• Increased the percentage of drained CMM that is
recovered and used to more than 80 percent—up from
25 percent in the early 1990s.
• Reduced emissions of methane by an estimated
2.4 MMTCE. These results include reductions from
15 active underground coal mines and reductions from
about 20 projects that captured and used methane from
approximately 30 closed underground U.S. coal mines.
• Welcomed the first ventilation air methane (VAM)
mitigation project at an active U.S. coal mine. This project
was made possible by CMOP's efforts over the years,
including the recent completion of a VAM technology
demonstration project co-sponsored with DOE.
• Hosted the 2009 U.S. Coal Mine Methane Annual
Conference, the only forum of its kind, to address
the opportunities and challenges of CMM project
development in the United States, which attracted a
record number of attendees and exhibitors.
• Refined tools to assist potential CMM project developers,
including an online cash flow model to assess project
finance and economics, a CMM degasification "primer,"
and support for an international "Best Practice Guidance
for Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines."
• Developed a methodology for monitoring and reporting
methane emissions from underground coal mines.
• Participated in the development of an offsets methodology
for CMM VAM mitigation projects and CMM drainage
projects to convert methane to electricity.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Update technical reports and analytical tools to provide
the latest information on how to recover CMM and use
it effectively.
Directly engage project developers, investors, technology
vendors, and the mining community through tailored
outreach events, including the 2010 U.S. Coal Mine
Methane Annual Conference.
Evaluate opportunities for new CMM recovery and
utilization projects.
Work with other federal agencies to address unique
challenges and barriers to CMM recovery projects on
federal lands, particularly in the western United States.
42
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METHANE PROGRAMS
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
EPA established the Landfill Methane
Outreach Program (LMOP) to provide
technical assistance to the smaller
landfills not covered by EPA regulations,
as well as the larger, regulated operations
that are combusting their gas but not yet
using it as a clean energy source.
Through LMOP, EPA provides landfill owners and operators
a suite of tools and technical resources to help them
overcome the obstacles to landfill gas energy (LFGE) project
development. The dual benefits of LFGE projects are
(1) preventing direct methane emissions from landfills
and (2) reducing indirect C02 emissions by displacing
the electricity generated from the burning of fossil fuels
(see Figure 21).
Over the past 15 years, LMOP has celebrated assisting
460 LFGE projects and surpassing 500 operational projects
nationally (see Figure 22, p. 44) that collectively reduced
methane emissions from landfills and avoided emissions
FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects
250 i
200
co 150-
1,400
1,200
100-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
totaling about 49.8 MMTCE. These efforts are partially
responsible for the approximately 15-percent decrease in
methane emissions from landfills since 1990.
Achievements in 2009
• Reduced methane emissions by 6.0 MMTCE as a result
of helping to develop 48 new LFGE projects and expand
15 existing projects.
• Welcomed 118 new partners, increasing participation
by 15 percent and bringing the total to over 885 LMOP
partners.
• Provided stakeholders technical assistance that included
performing more than 65 cost analyses, conducting
40 locator searches to match end-users with landfills,
running models for 37 LFGE projects, and placing an
article in Waste Age magazine on the increasing quantity
of pipeline-quality LFG projects and new technologies
employed to create high-Btu gas from LFG.
Garnered public attention for LMOP partners and LFGE
projects, which were featured by numerous media outlets,
including West Virginia Public Radio, The Wall Street
Journal, and The New York Times. In addition, LFGE end-
user SC Johnson and LMOP partner Waste Management
produced their own television commercials highlighting
their LFGE projects.
Recognized the outstanding accomplishments of two
landfill methane partners and six exemplary projects
at the 13th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo,
including the first LMOP award for a LFG-to-LNG (liquefied
natural gas) project (see Table 17, p. 44).
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas Energy (LFGE) Projects Across the Country
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
RHODE ISLAND
HAWAII
Increasing Operational LFGE Projects
<5 5-15 16-2C
(Number of Projects)
>2C
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond
Assist in the development of more than 40 new
LFGE projects.
Expand efforts to promote the benefits of LFGE to state
and local economic development offices, emphasizing job
creation and tax revenue opportunities.
Host the 14th Annual LMOP Conference, Project Expo, and
Awards Ceremony to showcase the top LMOP Partners
and projects and discuss the latest industry trends.
Continue to provide current information on incentives for
LFGE through fact sheets and listserve announcements.
TABLE 17. 2009 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
Projects of the Year
University of New Hampshire
EcoLine™ Project
Jefferson City Renewable
Energy Project
Altamont Landfill Resource and
Recovery Facility
Ox Mountain 11.4 MW Landfill
Gas Energy Project
Rochester, NH
Jefferson City, MO
Livermore, CA
Ha If Moon Bay, CA
Sioux Falls Landfill and POET Ethanol
Direct Use Project
Oak Grove Landfill Renewable
Methane Project
State Partner of the Year
Kansas Department of Health and
Environment (KDHE)
Community Partner of the Year
South Kent Generating Station
Sioux Falls, SD
Winder, GA
Topeka, KS
Byron Center, Ml
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METHANE PROGRAMS
Launched in
2004, Methane to
Markets (M2M) is an
Methane to Markets international initiative
that is accelerating
the development of projects to reduce global methane
emissions from four major sources: agricultural and food
processing waste, landfills, underground coal mines,
and natural gas and oil systems. There are currently
over 300 U.S.- supported projects around the world. In
2009 they reduced emissions by about 2.5 MMTCE and
when fully implemented they are expected to achieve
annual reductions of about 16.4 MMTCE (see Figure 23).
U.S. contributions have leveraged nearly $280 million in
investment from other partner countries, development
banks, and the private and public sectors.
EPA is leading other federal agencies in working with
M2M partners—38 national governments, including
the European Union, and more than 1,000 private and
public sector organizations (the Project Network). The
Partnership is demonstrating that countries and the
private sector can work cooperatively to reduce GHG
emissions, stimulate economic growth, develop new
sources of energy, and improve local environmental
quality. In 2010, EPA and its M2M partners will focus on:
• Developing new projects and achieving greater
reductions.
• Renewing and expanding the Partnership by finalizing
a new Terms of Reference that adds new methane
sources and focuses on the development and
implementation of country methane action plans.
• Holding a Ministerial meeting in October 2010 in
Mexico City to launch a new Global Methane
Initiative that builds on the success of M2M and
accelerates international cooperation to reduce
methane emissions.
FIGURE 23. GHG Reduction Potential of U.S.-Supported Projects
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
45
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
EPA continues to make progress in reducing potent GHGs through its fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG)
partnerships. These programs help manage and limit the fluorinated gas emissions that are byproducts
of U.S. industrial operations—including perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs), nitrogen
trifluoride (NF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Although FGHGs account for a small portion of total U.S. GHG
emissions, they possess very high global warming potentials (GWPs). FGHGs trap substantially more heat in
the atmosphere than does C02 on a per-mass basis, and some can have much longer atmospheric lifetimes
than C02 (see Table 18).
Not only have EPA's partnership programs helped partners maintain their emissions substantially below
1990 levels, they have also helped reduce emissions year to year. In 2009, the combined efforts of the FGHG
partnerships resulted in reductions of 12.3 MMTCE (see Table 19). Emissions are expected to stay atthese
levels through the year 2012, despite potentially sizable growth in some of the participating industries (see
Figure 24). EPA's suite of partnership programs has helped keep emissions down by working with partners
to implement cost-effective operational improvements to the industrial process, as well as other emissions
reduction strategies.
TABLE 18. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and
Atmospheric Lifetimes of GHGs
FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions
of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012
GREENHOUSE GAS
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
HFC-134a
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur Hexafluoride
GLOBAL WARMING
POTENTIAL FOR 100
YEARS
1
21
310
140-11,700
1,300
6,500-9,200
23,900
ATMOSPHERIC
LIFETIME (YEARS)
50-200
12±3
120
1.5-264
14
3,200-50,000
3,200
30
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
Source: IPCC 1996
46
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
TABLE 19. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs
PROGRAM 2009 GOAL 2009 ACHIEVEMENT 2010 GOAL
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)
99%
2.2
99%
2.2
99%
2.2
HFC-23
Industry Participation (% in program)*
Reductions (MMTCE)**
100%
6.1
100%
5.0
100%
6.3
OTHER STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)**
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
50-100%
6.0
14.3
50-100%
5.1
12.3
50-100%
6.9
15.4
^Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.
**Due to the global recession, lower production resulted in lower than forecast reductions.
THE VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
EPA and the U.S. primary
aluminum industry have
worked together through
the Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership (VAIP)
since 1995 to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions from
aluminum production. Emissions of perfluoromethane (CF4)
and perfluoroethane (C2F6) are inadvertent byproducts of
the smelting process, and emissions of C02 are caused
by the consumption of the carbon anode. EPA supports
partners by providing technical assistance to evaluate the
factors that influence PFC emissions, sharing best practices,
and recognizing partners fortheir commitment to cutting
emissions. Having agreed to reduce direct carbon intensity
by 53 percent from 1990 levels by 2010, VAIP continues to
make progress toward that goal by optimizing the production
process through technical and managerial improvements.
Achievements in 2009
• Reduced direct GHG emissions by 2.2 MMTCE, which
represents reduced PFC emissions of more than
60 percent, and reduced direct carbon emissions of more
than 52 percent on a per-ton basis compared with the
industry's 1990 baseline.
• Continued work with Australia, Canada, and China to
implement PFC reduction strategies through training
and a pilot project to demonstrate automated anode
effect termination.
Completed measurements of PFC emissions at six
Chinese smelters and initiated evaluation of non-anode
effect PFC emissions.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
HFC-23 EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM
HFC-23 is a byproduct in the production of HCFC-22, a
common commercial and residential air conditioning
refrigerant. Through its partnership with 100 percent of the
U.S. HCFC-22 industry, EPA encourages the development
and implementation of feasible, cost-effective processing
practices and technologies that reduce HFC-23 emissions.
Since the partnership began in 1993, U.S. HCFC-22
manufacturers have made significant progress in lowering
emissions of HFC-23 through process optimization and
thermal destruction. As a result, HFC-23 emissions intensity
has dropped dramatically.12
Achievements in 2009
Reduced emissions by 5.0 MMTCE below what they would
have been had production continued at 1990 emissions
intensity levels.
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION/CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP FOR THE
SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
Since its inception in 1996, EPA's
FGHG Reduction/Climate Partnership
for the Semiconductor Industry has
collaborated with semiconductor
manufacturers to identify and implement *-%*
FGHG reducing process changes and
manufacturing tool improvements for the
production of integrated circuits. The industry has developed
technological improvements in four key areas: process
improvements/source reductions, alternative chemicals,
capture and beneficial reuse, and destruction technologies.
Thanks to their persistent efforts, EPA's partners are on track
to meet the 2010 global FGHG emissions reduction target set
by the World Semiconductor Council (WSC) to reduce FGHG
emissions by at least 10 percent below the 1995 baseline
level by the end of 2010.
The aggressive goal set by WSC is the world's first
industry-wide, global GHG emissions reduction target and
demonstrates the semiconductor industry's comprehensive
commitment to climate protection. The present challenges
for WSC and EPA include maintaining flexibility and dynamic
leadership that takes into account emerging production
centers in China, Malaysia, and Singapore, as well as
expanding cooperation with related high-tech electronics
manufacturing sectors.
Achievements in 2009
Reduced absolute FGHG emissions by 2.5 MMTCE, or
more than 85 percent below business-as-usual (BAU)
levels, while U.S. manufacturing continued to expand.
Finalized EPA's first standard protocol for characterizing
the destruction or removal efficiency (ORE) of
FGHG abatement technologies used by electronics
manufacturers.13 The ORE protocol was developed and
tested during an international collaborative process over
a 2-year period, which included a peer review by the
Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries
Association, U.S. experts, and the Taiwan Industrial
Technology Research Institute.
Introduced a new cooperative global electronics industry
framework for comprehensively addressing climate
change. This expanded model of cooperation will facilitate
information sharing among the major related electronics
manufacturing sectors—such as semiconductors, liquid
crystal displays (LCDs), microelectrical mechanical
systems (MEMs), and photovoltaics—all of which are
pursuing comparable climate protection goals.
11 HFC-23 emissions intensity is the amount of HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22 manufa ctured.
"For more information, see: http://www.epa.gov/semiconductor-pl'c/documents/dre_protocol.pdf.
48
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) EMISSIONS REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP
FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
SF6 is the most potent and
persistent GHG—it is 23,900 times
more effective at trapping infrared
radiation than an equivalent
amount of C02 (see Table 18, p 46).
Used primarily by electric utilities,
SF6 is a gaseous dielectric for high-voltage circuit breakers
and gas-insulated substations. As such, utilities nationwide
have the opportunity to make a big difference in the nation's
emissions of SFC.
EPA partners with 83 electric power companies through the
voluntary SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership for Electric
Power Systems. EPA works with the industry to share
information about best management practices and cost-
effective operational improvements, such as leak detection
and repair, use of recycling equipment, and employee
education and training. In addition to providing a means to
actively address climate change, this program has helped
partner companies reap financial savings through reduced
SF6 gas purchases. Members of the partnership represent
47 percent of the total U.S. transmission system.
Achievements in 2009
Reduced emissions by 2.4 MMTCE, bringing average SF6
emissions rates down to 4.5 percent of the total equipment
nameplate capacity.
Welcomed three new partner companies: California
Department of Water Resources, Salt River Project, and
San Diego Gas and Electric.
Conducted a partners meeting on reducing SF6 emissions
in Chicago, IL. Guest speakers reviewed the evolving
national and state legislative and regulatory programs
related to climate protection and GHG reductions. The
2-day event, hosted by ComEd, included a site visit to
the state-of-the-art West Loop GIS substation where SF6
reduction techniques were demonstrated.
Continued to work with partners to update their SF6
reduction goals.
SF, EMISSION REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR THE MAGNESIUM INDUSTRY
The SF6 Emission Reduction
Partnership for the Magnesium
Industry brings EPA tog ether with
U.S. magnesium industry partners
and the International Magnesium
Association (IMA) to identify and adopt best management
practices for reducing and eliminating emissions of
SF Launched in 1999, this partnership works to reduce
SFt Emission Induction
Partnership EOT the Magnesium Industry
SF6 emissions from magnesium production and casting
operations; more than 80 percent of the U.S. magnesium
industry participates. The industry has made great progress
in reducing emissions by optimizing equipment design and
improving SF6 gas management practices. Partners and
IMA are working toward an ambitious goal, set in 2003, to
completely eliminate their firms' SF6 emissions by the end
of 2010.
Achievements in 2009
Organized and led a technical workshop with
50 participants from Chinese magnesium producing
and casting companies in Shanxi Province.
Reduced SF6 emissions equivalent to 0.2 MMTCE. 2009
was the tenth year in which EPA collected annual SF6
emissions reports from magnesium industry partners.
Maintained U.S. industry participation in the partnership,
representing 100 percent of primary magnesium
production and 80 percent of domestic casting and
recycling capacity.
Partner Meridian Magnesium Die Casting reported its
complete transition to alternative cover gases in all of
49
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
its North American manufacturing facilities. Several
other partner companies also reported transitioning to
alternative cover gas technologies.
Hosted the 5th Annual Global Magnesium Industry Climate
Protection Workshop in conjunction with the International
Magnesium Association's 2009 Annual World Magnesium
Conference in San Francisco, CA. EPA's workshop focused
on sector-specific climate protection strategies including
the challenges and benefits of switching to alternative
melt protection technologies.
MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP
Motor vehicle air conditioners contribute significantly to
global GHG emissions through vehicle gasoline consumption
and direct refrigerant emissions. In the United States alone,
vehicle air conditioners use 7 billion gallons of gasoline
every year, equivalent to about 17 MMTCE.14 Additionally,
refrigerant leakage adds 30,000 to 40,000 kilograms of
HFC-134to the atmosphere each year, equal to about 12to
16 MMTCE.15
In 1998, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
International, the Mobile Air Conditioning Society
Worldwide, and EPA formed the Mobile Air Conditioning
(MAC) Climate Protection Partnership—a global voluntary
partnership to reduce the climate impacts of MAC systems.
Membership has grown to include most of the world's vehicle
manufacturers and their suppliers, as well as environmental
and industry NGOs.
Achievements in 2009
Introduced the Climate Protection Pledge, which aims to
reduce HFC-134a emissions by promoting best practices
in the service sector through improved technician training
and recognition for shops that buy and use the best
available tools and equipment.
Completed a 5-year project to remove barriers to low-
GWP refrigerants, successfully working with international,
national, state, and local partners. That completion will
allow the introduction of innovative new automobile air
conditioning systems in 2010 and 2011.
What To Expect in 2010 and Beyond for the FGHG Programs
The FGHG partnership programs for the industrial sector will
continue to work closely with their partners and implement
strategies to keep emissions below 1990 levels. EPA plans to:
• Benchmark current emissions reduction options and costs
across high FGHG industries to support partnership and
policy-making activities.
• Facilitate partner efforts to transition from voluntary to
mandatory emissions reporting, if required.
• Continue recruiting companies to participate in the SF6
Emissions Reduction Partnership for Electric Power
Systems and training partners to ensure the collection and
reporting of high-quality data by electric power partners.
Evaluate the technical feasibility and cost of continuous
emissions monitoring (CEM) of FGHG from the
electronics industry.
Support efforts of magnesium partners to eliminate
emissions of SF6 by demonstrating alternative melt
protection technologies for primary producers and
secondary ingot casters.
Maintain active partnerships with HCFC-22 chemical
manufacturers to continue to reduce emissions of HFC-23.
"For more information, see Andersen, S., etal., 2004. Carbon dioxide equivalent calculated with EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/
energy-resources/refs.html
15 These figures are based on sales and official U.S. EPA estimates. According to industry sources, approximately 30,000 kilograms ofHFC-134a were sold into the U.S. mobile air conditioning
aftermarket in 2008. The U. S. GHG Inventory estimates that in 2007 approximately 40,000 kilograms of HFC- 134a were released from mobile air conditioning. The G WP of HFC- 134a is 1,430.
50
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
• V
HliiiHIi'
Demonstrating Progress: Measuring Results of the EPA Climate Protection Partnership Programs
EPA's climate protection programs are an important component of the U.S. government's strategy to
address climate change. EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-
established methods to estimate the benefits of its programs. For each program, EPA has a robust process
in place to regularly review and improve the program evaluation approaches.
The approaches used for each specific program are summarized in the sections below. They vary by
program strategy, sector, availability of data, and market characteristics. To present the most realistic
estimates of program benefits, EPA employs a common analytical framework across all of the individual
program approaches:
• The benefits discussed represent the results attributable to EPA efforts above pre-existing trends or
business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios.
• Program methods address data quality, potential double counting with other EPA programs, free
ridership, the efforts of third-party actors, and other program-specific market effects.
• Where marginal uncertainty exists, EPA uses the best available information and best practices that yield
conservative benefit estimates.
• Cumulative estimated benefits reflect the stream of energy savings that will persist through 2018 due
to investments made through 2009. For this analysis, EPA assumes no new investments will be made
through its programs in 2010 or beyond.
• Financial benefits are placed in presentvalue terms.
Environmental and financial benefits for 2000 to 2009 are summarized in Table 2 on page 5. The historical
environmental benefits and cost effectiveness of these programs are summarized on pages 52 and 53 (see
Table 20). The information presented in this report is similar to much of the information used in the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA
programs to be achieving their goals.
51
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
EPA Programs Are Highly Cost-Effective Mechanisms for Reducing GHG Emissions
EPA's climate protection programs are a very cost-effective approach for reducing U.S. GHG emissions. Moreover, it is
clear from sources such as the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report and McKinsey's study, "Reducing Greenhouse Gas
Emissions: How Much at What Cost?" that there are still great untapped opportunities for these programs to capture—
meaning they will continue to be cost-effective far into the future. Every federal dollar spent on these partnership programs
through 2009 means:
• Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 1.0 metric ton of carbon equivalent.
• Savings for partners and consumers of more than $75 on their energy bills.
• Private sector investment of more than $15.
• A net savings of more than $60.
ENERGY STAR
Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA helps U.S.
businesses and consumers save money and reduce GHG
emissions by labeling energy-efficient products, raising
the bar of energy efficiency in new home construction,
and encouraging superior energy management practices
in the commercial and industrial sectors. The methods
for estimating the benefits of each of these strategies are
described below.
Products
• Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program are
determined as those above and beyond established BAU
purchases of these products.16 These sales are
estimated by:
• Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR
qualifying products from participating product
manufacturers as a condition of partnership and
supplementing these data with industry reports on
total annual product sales, as necessary. These data
are screened and issues resolved.
• Using established BAU baselines for annual product
sales for each product category. These baselines use
historic data and expert judgment, and they typically
reflect increasing market shares for efficient products
and increasing product efficiencies overtime.
• Applying a conservative estimate of the effect of
market transformation to account for EPA efforts
when product specifications are revised and qualified
product shipments fall as manufacturers transition to
the new specification.
Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the difference in annual energy use between a
single ENERGY STAR product and a typically purchased
product. For these values, EPA:
• Assumes that ENERGY STAR qualified products just
meet the ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there
are some products that exceed this level.
• Assumes the typically purchased product meets
minimum efficiency standards where standards
exist or uses the average energy use for the product
category where there are no standards.
• Supports primary data collection, such as product
metering to collect power use information, where
additional information is necessary to estimate
energy savings.
• Uses product-specific lifetimes that vary from 4 to
20 years. While those who purchase an ENERGY
STAR qualified product are likely to replace it with
one, EPA includes only a fraction of replacement
purchases and investments in the program benefits.
Peak power savings are estimated using product-specific
factors that reflect the contribution of the annual energy
savings from a product to peak load savings.
"For more details on many aspects of this method, see Woman et al., 20W and Weber et al., 2000.
52
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
TABLE 20. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions Since 2000
PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR
Climate Leaders
State Climate and
Energy Program
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY1
GHGS
ADDRESSED KEY SECTOR(S)
Residential,
C02 Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
State
Government
All
CO,
Green Power
Partnership
Combined
Heat & Power
Partnership
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas
STAR
Coalbed Methane
Outreach
Program (CMOP)
Landfill Methane
Outreach
Program (LMOP)
FGHG PROGRAMS
Voluntary
Aluminum
Industrial
Partnership
HFC-23
Partnership
CO,
CO,
CH,
CH,
CH,
PFCs
HFCs
SCOPE OF
PARTNERS AS
OF 2009
Stewardship
Programs
Mobile Air
Conditioning
(MAC)
Partnership
SF, PFCs
C02HFCs
State & Local
Government,
Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
Natural Gas
Coal Mining
Waste
Management
Aluminum
Smelting
Chemical
Industry
Magnesium
Production,
Semiconductor
Manufacturing,
Electric Power
Systems
MAC Industry
270
1,200
350
62% of
industry
GHG REDUCTIONS* (MMTCE)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
17,000 14.6 17.7 21.3 25.0 28.3 31.5 35.0 39.5 42.6 46.3
Climate Leaders' reductions are reflected in the data shown for other
programs.
885
99% of
industry
100% of
industry
50%-100%
of industry
— — 0.6 1.0 2.0 3.2 3.7 4.8 6.1 6.5
4.1 4.8 5.7 6.0 7.9 10.1 9.4 10.2 12.6 9.5
2.1 2.3 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4
3.2 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.5 6.0
2.0 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2
4.7 5.1 4.5 6.1 6.4 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.3 5.0
0.8 0.8 1.3 1.8 3.1 3.0 3.9 4.3 5.0 5.1
Working toward technology improvement goals
' GHG reductions are for both the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership.
*These reductions reflect the most up-to-date data collected from EPA partners and may differ from reductions reported in previous annual reports.
—: Not applicable
53
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
• Net energy bill savings is the present value (PV) of energy
bill savings minus the PV of any incremental cost of
purchasing an ENERGY STAR qualified product above
a standard model over the product lifetimes discussed
above.17 All energy bill calculations use national sector-
specific fuel prices.
• Avoided emissions of GHGs for 2009 are determined using
marginal emissions factors for C02 based on factors
established as part of the U.S. government's reporting
process to the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change, as well as historical emissions data from EPA's
eGRID database.18 For future years, EPA uses factors
derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of the
integrated utility dispatch model, Integrated Planning
Model (IPM®).19
New Homes
• EPA receives data quarterly from third-party verifiers
(home energy raters) on the number of homes they
verified to be ENERGY STAR, as a condition of program
partnership. These raters abide by a set of quality
assurance practices to ensure data quality. In addition,
EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves any
data irregularities.
• EPA recognizes that some new homes that qualify for
ENERGY STAR are not a direct result of the program and
that many homes built to ENERGY STAR levels due to
the program are not labeled or reported to the program.
Currently, EPA estimates the former number of homes to
be lower than the latter.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the energy savings from a home that meets the
ENERGY STAR specification relative to a home built to
code. Energy bill savings are calculated using a similar
approach as for products and average national energy
prices for the residential sector. The average lifetime of a
home for both energy and bill savings is 30 years.
• Peak power savings and avoided emissions of GHGs are
determined using approaches similar to those described
for products.
"Calculated using a 7% discount rats and 2009 perspective.
"'For more details on eGRID, see U.S. EPA, 2008.
"For more details on IPM, see U.S. EPA, 2010a.
"For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J., 2010 and 2007.
21 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J., 2010.
22 For more details on many aspects of the previous methods, see Horowitz, M.J., 2004 and 2001.
Commercial Buildings
• Annual electricity and natural gas savings are determined
based on a peer-reviewed methodology developed for the
commercial building sector.20 The methodology involves
a counterfactual econometric analysis that forecasts
state level electricity use in the absence of commercial
building energy efficiency programs. Key determinants
of electricity demand that are controlled for in the
analysis include state energy prices, weather conditions,
economic conditions, other federal programs—such
as DOE's Rebuild and Federal Energy Management
Program (FEMP)—and the long-term U.S. trend in
commercial sector electronic technologies. Once the
net national change in electricity use due to publicly
funded energy efficiency programs is calculated, ENERGY
STAR accomplishments are differentiated from other
national and regional demand-side management (DSM)
and market transformation programs. The methodology
used for 2009 is an update of two former peer-reviewed
methodologies used by EPA; nevertheless, the results
of all three methodologies yield consistent estimates of
ENERGY STAR accomplishments.21
• The peak power savings are estimated using system-
specific factors that reflect the contribution of the energy
savings from lighting and other building improvements to
peak load savings.
• As with products, net energy bill savings reflectthe
incremental investment necessary to upgrade the building
to ENERGY STAR specifications determined by using
simple payback period decision criteria. EPA assumes
most building and industrial facility improvements last at
least 10 years and uses national commercial sector
fuel prices.
• Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using
marginal emissions factors for C02 as with products.
Industry
Annual industrial electricity and natural gas savings are
determined using a peer-reviewed methodology similar to
that used for the commercial sector.22 The methodology
distinguishes savings due to ENERGY STAR from those due
to utility-run DSM programs and other market transformation
programs such as DOE's Industrial Technology Program (ITP).
GHG emissions are calculated using marginal C02 emissions
as with products.
54
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
THE CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership
The CHP Partnership dismantles the market barriers
stifling investment in environmentally beneficial CHP
projects. Program partners such as project owners
voluntarily provide project-specific information on newly
operational CHP projects to EPA. These data are screened
and any issues resolved.
Energy savings are determined on a project-by-project
basis, based on fuel type, system capacity, and operational
profile. Estimates of the use of fossil and renewable fuels are
developed, as well as the efficiency of thermal and electrical
use or generation, as appropriate.
Emissions reductions are calculated on a project-by-
project basis to reflect the greater efficiency of onsite CHP.
Avoided emissions of GHGs from more efficient energy
generation are determined using marginal emissions factors
derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of IPM, and
displaced emissions from boiler-produced thermal energy
are developed through engineering estimates. In addition,
emissions reductions may include avoided transmission and
distribution losses, as appropriate.
Only the emissions reductions from projects that meet
the assistance criteria for the program are included in
the program benefit estimates. EPA also addresses the
potential for double counting benefits between this and other
partnerships by having program staff meet annually
to identify and resolve any overlap issues.
Green Power Partnership
The Green Power Partnership boosts supply of clean
energy by helping U.S. businesses purchase electricity from
green generation sources. As a condition of partnership,
program partners submit data annually on their purchases of
qualifying green power products. These data are screened
and any issues resolved.
Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using marginal
emissions factors for C02 derived from scenario runs of IPM.
The potential for double counting, such as counting
green power purchases that may be required as part of a
renewable portfolio standard or may rely on resources that
are already part of the system mix, is addressed through a
partnership requirement that green power purchases be
incremental to what may already be required.
EPA estimates that the vast majority of the green power
purchases made by program partners are due to the
partnership, as partners comply with aggressive green
power procurement requirements (usually at incremental
cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates that
its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green power market
have likely led to additional voluntary green power purchases
that have not been reported through the program.
THE METHANE PROGRAMS
EPA's methane programs facilitate recovering methane from
landfills, natural gas extraction systems, agriculture, and coal
mines as well as using methane as a clean energy resource.
The expenditures used in the program analyses include the
capital costs agreed to by partners to bring projects into
compliance with program specifications and any additional
operating costs engendered by program participation.
Natural Gas STAR Program
As a condition of partnership, program partners submit
implementation plans to EPA describing the emissions
reduction practices they plan to implement and evaluate.
In addition, partners submit progress reports detailing
specific emissions reduction activities and accomplishments
each year.
EPA does not attribute all reported emissions reductions
to Natural Gas STAR. Partners may only include actions
that were undertaken voluntarily, not those reductions
attributable to compliance with existing regulations.
Emissions reductions are estimated by the partners either
from direct before-and-after measurements or by applying
peer-reviewed emissions reduction factors.
55
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2009 Annual Report
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
EPA maintains a comprehensive database of the operational
data on landfills and landfill gas energy projects in the United
States. The data are updated frequently based on information
submitted by industry, the Landfill Methane Outreach
Program's (LMOP's) outreach efforts, and other sources.
Reductions of methane that are the result of compliance
with EPA's air regulations are not included in the program
estimates. In addition, only the emissions reductions from
projects that meet the LMOP assistance criteria are included
in the program benefit estimates.
EPA uses emissions factors that are appropriate to the
project. The factors are based on research, discussions with
experts in the landfill gas industry, and published references.
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
Through cooperation with the U.S. Mine Safety & Health
Administration, state oil and gas commissions, and the
mining companies themselves, EPA collects mine-specific
data annually and estimates the total methane emitted from
the mines and the quantity of gas recovered and used.
There are no regulatory requirements for recovering
and using CMM; such efforts are entirely voluntary. EPA
estimates CMM recovery attributable to its program activities
on a mine-specific basis, based on the program's interaction
with each mine.
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Due to the small pool of potential partners for the FGHG
programs, financial expenditures and savings are proprietary
information of program partners and not included in the
summary of economic benefits.
Voluntary Aluminum Industry Partnership
VAIP partners agree to report aluminum production and
anode effect frequency and duration in order to estimate
annual FGHG emissions.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to
a BAU baseline that uses the industry's 1990 emissions rate.
Changes in the emissions rate (per ton production) are used
to estimate the annual GHG emissions and reductions that
are a result of the program.
The aluminum industry began making significant efforts to
reduce FGHG emissions as a direct result of EPA's climate
partnership program. Therefore, all reductions achieved by
partners are assumed to be the result of the program.
HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program
Program partners report HCFC-22 production and HFC-23
emissions to a third party that aggregates the estimates and
submits the total estimates for the previous year to EPA.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions
to a BAU baseline that uses the industry's 1990 emissions
rate. Changes in the emissions rate are used to estimate
the annual GHG emissions and reductions that are a
consequence of the program.
Subsequent to a series of meetings with EPA, industry began
making significant efforts to reduce HFC-23 emissions. All
U.S. producers participate in the program; therefore, all
reductions achieved by manufacturers are assumed to be the
result of the program.
Environmental Stewardship Programs
EPA's Environmental Stewardship Programs include the PFC
and SF6 Electric and Magnesium Reduction Partnerships.
Partners report emissions and emissions reductions based
on jointly developed estimation methods and reporting
protocols. Data collection methods are sector specific,
and data are submitted to EPA either directly or through a
designated third party.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions
to a BAU baseline, using industry-wide or company-specific
emissions rates in a base year. The reductions in emissions
rates are used to calculate the overall GHG emissions
reductions from the program.
The share of the reductions attributable to EPA's programs
is identified based on a detailed review of program activities
and industry-specific information.
56
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List of Figures
FIGURE 1. ENERGY STAR Benefits Continue To Grow 4
FIGURE 2. U.S. C02 Emissions by Sector and Non-C02 Gases by Percent of Total GHGs 5
FIGURES. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type 6
FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 83 MMTCE—Equivalent to Emissions from 56 Million Vehicles 6
FIGURES. About 3 Billion ENERGY STAR Qualified Products Purchased Since 2000 13
FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States 15
FIGURE 7. ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes Gaining Market Share 19
FIGURES. More Than 1 Million Homes Nationwide Bearthe ENERGY STAR Label 19
FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country 20
FIGURE 10. Amount of Rated Floor Space by State 23
FIGURE 11. Steady Growth in Building Space Benchmarked and Labeled 24
FIGURE 12. Increase in Benchmarked Space by Building Type 24
FIGURE 13. Nearly 9,000 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR 25
FIGURE 14. Improvement in U.S. Auto Assembly Plant Energy Performance, 2000-2005 26
FIGURE 15. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners 30
FIGURE 16. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members 30
FIGURE 17. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs 31
FIGURE 18. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions 33
FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected to Maintain Methane Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2012 38
FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions Reductions and Gas Savings 39
FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects 43
FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas Energy (LFGE) Projects Across the Country 44
FIGURE 23. GHG Reduction Potential of U.S.-Supported Projects 45
FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012 46
57
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List of Tables
TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs 3
TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2009 (in Billions of 2009 Dollars and MMTCE) 5
TABLE 3. Long-term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCE) 7
TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2009 9
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2009 11
TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners 12
TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress 14
TABLE 8. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards with More Than 135 Product Specifications and Revisions 17
TABLE 9. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy 27
TABLE 10. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants 28
TABLE 11. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators for 2004-2009 (Cumulative) 30
TABLE 12. EPA Recognizes 17 Leading Green Power Partners in 2009 32
TABLETS. CHP Capacity Market Share 33
TABLE 14. 2009 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards 34
TABLE 15. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals 39
TABLE 16. 2009 Natural Gas STAR Awards 40
TABLE 17. 2009 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards 44
TABLE 18. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric Lifetime of GHGs 46
TABLE 19. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs 47
TABLE 20. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This
Annual Report with GHG Reductions Since 2000 53
58
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References
Andersen, S., V. Hovland, and J. Rugh. 2004. "Significant Fuel Savings
and Emission Reductions by Improving Vehicle Air Conditioning: A
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Laboratory." Presented at the 15th Annual Earth Technologies Forum
and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit, April 15, 2004: Washington, D.C.
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, U.S. Environmental
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by individual programs within the Climate Protection Partnerships
Division, Office of Atmospheric Programs.
Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2010a. Annual Energy Outlook
2010 with Projections to 2035. Office of Integrated Analysis and
Forecasting. May. Available online at www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.
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EIA. 2010b. Annual Energy Review 2009. Office of Energy Markets and
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tables_2003.html
Homan, G.K., M. Sanchez, R.E. Brown, and C.A.Webber. 2010. Savings
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Commercial Buildings and Industrial Sectors in 2009." Memorandum to
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Horowitz, M.J. 2004. "Electricity Intensity in the Commercial Sector:
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United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA 430-R-11-002
www.epa.gov
December 2010
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