ETV Source Water Protection Wastewater Treatment Technologies
VERIFICATION TEST PLAN
FOR
Big Fish Environmental, LLC
Big Fish Environmental Septage Processing System
Prepared for
NSF International
Ann Arbor, Michigan
And
The Environmental Technology Verification Program
Of the
US Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey
By
Scherger Associates
Ann Arbor, Michigan
July 2008
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VERIFICATION TEST PLAN
BIG FISH ENVIRONEMNTAL, LLC
For
EPA/NSF Environmental Technology Verification Program
Water Quality Protection Center
John Campbell
Big Fish Environmental, LLC
12640 Taylor Road
Charlevoix, Michigan 49720
Phone:231-547-4429
Dale Scherger
Scherger Associates
3017 Rumsey Drive
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Phone: 734-213-8150
Thomas Stevens
NSF International
Project Manager, Source Water Protection
789 N. Dixboro Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
Phone: 734-769-5347
Raymond Frederick
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Project Officer, Source Water Protection
NRMRL
2890 Woodbridge Ave. (MS-104)
Edison, New Jersey 08837
Phone: 732-321-6627
Carolyn Esposito
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Quality Assurance Officer, UWMB,WSWRD
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
2890 Woodbridge Ave. (MS-104)
Edison, New Jersey 08837
Phone: (732) 906-6895
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS Ill
LIST OF FIGURES VI
LIST OF TABLES VI
APPENDICES VI
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS VII
GLOSSARY OF TERMS VIM
1.0 INTRODUCTION 10
2.0 OBJECTIVES AND DESCRIPTION OF VERIFICATION TESTING 11
2.1 Objectives 11
2.2 Test Site Description 12
2.3 Summary of Installation, Startup and Schedule 14
3.0 VERIFICATION TESTING RESPONSIBILITIES 15
3.1 NSF International - Verification Organization (VO) 16
3.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 16
3.3 Testing Organization (TO) 17
3.4 Technology Vendor 18
3.5 ETV Test Site 19
3.6 Technology Panel 20
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4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BIG FISH ENVIRONMENTAL SEPTAGE
PROCESSING SYSTEM 20
4.1 Technology Overview 20
4.1.1 Truck Unloading, Screens, and Equalization 24
4.1.2 Lime Treatment and Solids Separation - Biosolids Production 24
4.1.3 Aerobic Treatment, Settling and Discharge 25
4.2 Big Fish Claims and Criteria 26
5.0 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 26
5.1 Introduction 26
5.2 Influent Wastewater Characterization 27
5.3 Startup 27
5.4 Verification Testing 29
5.4.1 Introduction 29
5.4.2 Objectives 29
5.4.3 Verification Test Period 29
5.4.4 Flow Monitoring 29
5.4.5 Sampling and Analysis 30
5.4.6 Operations and Maintenance 33
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN - PROCEDURES 34
6.1 Sampling Locations and Procedures 34
6.2 Sampling Frequency and Schedule 35
6.3 Sample Preservation and Storage 36
6.4 Chain of Custody 37
6.5 Analytical Methods 37
6.6 Flow Meter Calibration 38
7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL - PROJECT PLAN 38
7.1 Verification Test Data - Data Quality Indicators (DQI) 39
7.1.1 Precision 39
7.1.2 Accuracy 40
7.1.3 Comparability 40
7.1.4 Representativeness 41
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7.1.5 Completeness 41
7.2 Project Management 41
7.2.1 Management Team 41
7.2.2 Project Description and Objectives 42
7.2.3 Project Schedule 42
7.3 Measurements and Data Acquisition 42
7.3.1 Sample Collection and Chain of Custody 42
7.3.2 Analytical Methods 43
7.3.3 Analytical Quality Control 43
7.3.4 Data Reduction, Handling, and Reporting 46
7.3.4.1 Reporting Units Requirements 46
7.3.4.2 Documentation 46
7.3.4.3 Document Handling 46
7.3.4.4 Data Reduction and Validation 47
7.4 Assessments 47
7.5 Corrective Action 47
8.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS 48
8.1 Data Management 48
8.1.1 Manual Data Collection 49
8.1.2 Electronic Data Collection 49
8.2 Data Analysis and Presentation 50
8.2.1 Flow Data 50
8.2.2 Treatment Performance Quality Data 50
8.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Parameters 50
8.2.4 Equations 51
8.3 Verification Report 52
9.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN 53
10.0 REFERENCES 53
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1. Verification test site location map 13
Figure 4-1. Overview of processing steps - Big Fish Septage Processing System 21
Figure 4-2. Big Fish process flow diagram 22
Figure 4-3. Big Fish biosolids process description 23
List of Tables
Table 2-1. Discharge Permit Limits for the Big Fish Facility 13
Table 2-2. Summary Flow Rate and Water Quality Data For Test Site 14
Table 4-1. Big Fish Aerobic Septage Treatment Claims 26
Table 5-1. Startup Monitoring 28
Table 5-2. Summary of Sampling Collection and Analysis 32
Table 6-1. Preservation, Bottle Type, and Sample Size By Analysis 36
Table 6-2. Analytical Methods 37
Table 7-1. Summary of Calibration Frequency and Criteria 44
Table 7-2. Summary of Analytical Accuracy and Precision Limits 45
Appendices
Appendix A - Flow and Effluent Water Quality Data
Appendix B - Operations Manual
Appendix C - Photos
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
ASTM
Big Fish
BOD5
ฐC
COD
DO
DQI
ETV
FOG
ft2
gal
gpd
gpm
GP
Kg
L
Lbs
MDL
NH3
N02
N03
NRMRL
mg/L
mL
NSF
NIST
O&M
PM
ppb
QA
QC
RPD
SD
SOP
T
TKN
TO
TP
TSS
USEPA
VO
VTP
WWTP
American Society for Testing and Materials
Big Fish Environmental, LLC
5 -day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Celsius degrees
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Dissolved Oxygen
Data Quality Indicators
Environmental Technology Verification
Fats, Oil, and Grease
Square foot (feet)
Gallons
Gallons per day
Gallon(s) per minute
Generic Protocol
Kilogram(s)
Liters
Pounds
Minimum Detection Level
Ammonia Nitrogen
Nitrite
Nitrate
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Microgram(s) per liter (ppb)
Milligram(s) per liter
Milliliter(s)
NSF International
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Operations and Maintenance
Project Manager for the Testing Organization (TO)
Parts per billion (ng/L)
Quality assurance
Quality control
Relative Percent Difference
Standard Deviation
Standard Operating Procedure
Temperature
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Testing Organization
Total Phosphorus
Total Suspended Solids
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Verification Organization (NSF)
Verification Test Plan
Wastewater treatment plant
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Glossary of Terms
Accuracy - a measure of the closeness of an individual measurement or the average of a number
of measurements to the true value and includes random error and systematic error.
Bias - the systematic or persistent distortion of a measurement process that causes errors in one
direction
Comparability - a qualitative term that expresses confidence that two data sets can contribute to
a common analysis and interpolation.
Completeness - a qualitative term that expresses confidence that all necessary data have been
included
Precision - a measure of the agreement between replicate measurements of the same property
made under similar conditions.
Protocol - a written document that clearly states the objectives, goals, scope and procedures for
the study. A protocol shall be used for reference during Vendor participation in the verification
testing program
Quality Assurance Project Plan - a written document that describes the implementation of
quality assurance and quality control activities during the life cycle of the project.
Residuals - the waste streams, excluding final effluent, which are retained by or discharged
from the technology.
Representativeness - a measure of the degree to which data accurately and precisely represent a
characteristic of a population parameter at a sampling point, a process condition, or
environmental condition
Source Water Protection Stakeholder Advisory Group - a group of individuals consisting of
any or all of the following: buyers and users of in drain removal and other technologies,
developers and vendors, consulting engineers, the finance and export communities, and permit
writers and regulators.
Standard Operating Procedure - a written document containing specific procedures and
protocols to ensure that quality assurance requirements are maintained
Technology Panel - a group of individuals with expertise and knowledge of decentralized
wastewater treatment technologies
Testing Organization - an independent organization qualified by the Verification Organization
to conduct studies and testing of technologies in accordance with protocols and test plans
Vendor - a business that assembles or sells decentralized wastewater treatment equipment.
Verification - to establish evidence on the performance of in drain treatment technologies under
specific conditions, following a predetermined study protocol(s) and test plan(s).
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Verification Organization - an organization qualified by USEPA to verify environmental
technologies and to issue Verification Statements and Verification Reports.
Verification Report - a written document containing all raw and analyzed data, all QA/QC data
sheets, descriptions of all collected data, a detailed description of all procedures and methods
used in the verification testing, and all QA/QC results. The Test Plan(s) shall be included as part
of this document.
Verification Statement - a document that summarizes the Verification Report reviewed and
approved by USEPA.
Verification Test Plan - A written document prepared to describe the procedures for conducting
a test or study according to the verification protocol requirements for the application of treatment
technology. At a minimum, the Test Plan shall include detailed instructions for sample and data
collection, sample handling and preservation, precision, accuracy, goals, and quality assurance
and quality control requirements relevant to the technology and application.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This document contains the technology specific Verification Test Plan (VTP) to be used for the
verification testing of the Big Fish Environmental Septage Processing System. Big Fish
Environmental, LLC (Big Fish) has developed an aerobic biological treatment system to
manage/treat septage wastes, which produces an effluent that can be discharged to a municipal
sewer system. The processing system includes a bar screen, grit removal, blending tanks, lime
treatment tank and screw press to dewater solids, producing a Class A biosolids. The filtrate
from the screw press is processed through a series of aeration tanks where aerobic treatment of
the organics occurs, followed by a settling tank, and final discharge tanks. The aerobic
processing tanks use White Knight Microbial Generators to supply microorganisms and the
system includes a "hatchery" to grow and maintain a supply of organisms. The entire processing
system including the unloading/receiving area is enclosed in a building with exhaust air treated
by a biofilter to control odors. An existing system operating in Charlevoix, Michigan will be
evaluated.
This VTP has been prepared in accordance with the Protocol for the Verification of Wastewater
Treatment Technologies (April 2001) developed under the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) Environmental Technologies Verification (ETV) Program's Source
Water Protection area of the Water Quality Protection Center.
The USEPA ETV Program is intended to:
Evaluate the performance of innovative and commercially available environmental
technologies;
Provide permit writers, buyers and users, among others, with objective information about
technology performance; and
Facilitate "real world" implementation of promising technologies.
The ETV program has developed verification testing protocols that serve as templates for
conducting verification tests for various technologies. The Protocol for the Verification of
Wastewater Treatment Technologies (April 2001) (GP) was published as the guidance document
for test plan development for verification testing of decentralized wastewater treatment systems
for all non-residential wastewater (commercial and industrial) and for residential wastewater
treatment systems with flow rates greater than 1,500 gallons per day (gpd). This VTP was
developed in accordance with the GP. The goal of the verification testing process is to generate
high quality data for verification of equipment performance.
The ETV Program is made up of six Centers, one of which is the Water Quality Protection
Center. This Center focuses on technologies addressing wet weather flows and source water
protection, and includes the verification testing of decentralized wastewater treatment systems
that are installed at locations without access to wastewater collection treatment systems and that
provide protection for groundwater and surface water sources.
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NSF International (NSF) oversees the verification testing center project for decentralized
wastewater treatment technologies under the sponsorship of the USEPA Urban Watershed
Branch, Water Supply and Resources Division. The role of NSF is to provide technical and
administrative leadership in conducting the testing.
It is important to note that verification of the equipment does not mean or imply that the
equipment is "certified" or "approved" by NSF or USEPA. Instead, verification testing is a
formal mechanism by which the performance of equipment can be determined, resulting in the
issuance of a Verification Statement by NSF and USEPA.
2.0 OBJECTIVES AND DESCRIPTION OF VERIFICATION TESTING
2.1 Objectives
Big Fish Septage Processing Systems (system) are designed to treat septage, Porta John waste,
wastewater treatment plant biosolids, and fat, oil, and grease wastes to meet the regulatory
requirements for discharge of treated effluent to a municipal wastewater treatment system, while
producing a Class A biosolids, which can be used for agricultural or home garden use. Actual
numerical standards for discharge to municipal treatment systems will vary by location. The Big
Fish is designed to meet pretreatment standards for discharge to most secondary wastewater
treatment systems (typically 250-300 mg/L BOD5; 300-350 mg/L TSS; 50-70 mg/L NH3; and
locally determined restrictions on T-P). The lime treatment and heated screw press are designed
to meet Class A biosolids requirements. The system that will be tested in this verification is a full
scale, commercially available unit installed and operated by Big Fish in Charlevoix, Michigan.
The discharge from the system is to the City of Charlevoix Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WWTP).
Verification testing of decentralized wastewater treatment systems under the ETV Water Quality
Protection Center is designed to verify a technology's contaminant removal performance, and the
operation and maintenance performance of the commercial-ready technology, following
technically sound protocols and appropriate quality assurance and control. A primary objective
of the ETV is to measure the performance of these technologies through a well-defined test plan
that includes measurement of contaminants present in residential and non-residential
wastewaters, before and after application of the treatment technology.
The objective of this VTP is to determine the performance attained by Big Fish when used to
treat a mixture of wastewaters. These wastes contain organic, solids, and nutrient constituents
that can impact groundwater and surface water if discharged or disposed of untreated. Reduction
in contaminant loads will be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the system to remove
suspended solids, BOD, and nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen). The production of Class A
biosolids will also be evaluated and verified during the test. The objective will be achieved by
implementing testing and monitoring procedures presented in this Verification Test Plan.
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The treatment system will receive septage from residential and commercial septic tanks, Porta
John waste, municipal WWTP secondary sludge, and commercial wastes with fats, oils, and
grease (FOG), containing solids, organics, nutrients, and other constituents typically present in
residential and commercial septage and related wastes. The treatment system will be challenged
under a variety of hydraulic loading conditions and contaminant loads during the one-year test
period. Waste generation and demand for treatment varies seasonally, so the one-year test period
will cover high and low demand periods. The influent and effluent to/from the system will be
sampled and the samples will be analyzed for various contaminants or contaminant indicators,
including five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total
suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen compounds (TKN, NH3, NO2+NO3), total phosphorus (TP) and
FOG. The results will be used to calculate removal efficiencies and system capacities, and to
determine the system treatment effectiveness. These parameters and other operating parameters
(flow, pH, alkalinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, per cent solids, biosolids production) will
be monitored to meet the ETV objective of providing an overall assessment of the technology
that can be used by permit writers, buyers, and users of the technology.
The treatment system will also be monitored for operation and maintenance characteristics,
including the performance and reliability of the equipment, the amount of personnel time
required to operate the process, the level of operator skill required, and the maintenance required
to maintain process operation. Data will also be collected on the generation of residues.
2.2 Test Site Description
The verification test will be performed at the Big Fish facility in Charlevoix, Michigan, as shown
in Figure 2-1.
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Central Lake
&YahooUOO&, DataC N AVTEQ2GOS
Figure 2-1. Verification test site location map.
Big Fish has built a full-scale treatment system in Charlevoix to serve the surrounding area. The
system receives septage waste from several septic tank cleanout companies, secondary sludge
from the City of Charlevoix WWTP, commercial grease interceptor waste containing FOG from
local businesses, and Porta John waste. The current treatment system has been in operation for
over two years. Treated effluent is discharged to the City of Charlevoix municipal WWTP.
Operating reports required under the State of Michigan permit system and by the City of
Charlevoix show that the effluent has achieved the required standards for the past year. Table 2-1
shows the permit limits set for the Big Fish facility.
Table 2-1. Discharge Permit Limits for the Big Fish Facility
Parameter
Flow
BOD
TSS
Ammonia (NH3-N)
Total Phosphorus
Sample Frequency
Every discharge period
Every discharge period
Every discharge period
Every discharge period
Every discharge period
Sample Type
Meter
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Permit Limit
Report
300 mg/L maximum.
350 mg/L maximum
65 mg/L (as N) maximum
XX Ibs/day
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Big Fish owns, operates, and maintains the system as a private business under a permit issued by
the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and in accordance with the
requirements of the City of Charlevoix.
The volume of wastewater received and treated at the facility has been collected as part of
normal facility operation and for reporting to the MDEQ. The system operates in a batch/semi
continuous mode. Under normal operation, when the aerated equalization/receiving tanks are
full, wastewater is transferred to the completely mixed lime reaction/holding tank, where lime is
added to the wastewater to bring the tank contents to a pH of 12. The contents are mixed for 24
hours to meet the hold time for Class A biosolids, and are then processed through the screw press
in an 8-12 hour period (typical process time). The filtrate from the screw press is discharged to
the aerobic treatment tanks; while the dewatered solids are collected in a bin prior for subsequent
transport of the Class A biosolids to a storage area. The filtrate displaces treated water in the
aerobic system and settling tanks that had been in a recycle mode following the previous
treatment period. The number of discharges per month can vary from 2 or 3 up to 10-15 during
busy months. A summary of the average monthly flow rates for the period January 2007 through
January 2008 is shown in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2. Summary Flow Rate and Water Quality Data For Test Site
Period
January
2007 thru
January
2008
Average
Maximum
Minimum
Average
Monthly
Flow Data
Eff.
Gallons
per month
74,587
177,720
12,985
BOD5
Inf.
mg/L
3,300
4,380
1,980
Eff.
mg/L
105
210
27
TSS
Inf.
mg/L
10,900
14,060
6,930
Eff.
mg/L
123
266
15
NH3
Inf.
mg/L
111
407
26
Eff.
mg/L
23
53
1.0
TP
Inf.
mg/L
310
652
32
Eff.
mg/L
10
25
1.3
Influent and effluent water quality data is available from the monthly reports prepared for the
MDEQ. The monthly data is presented in Appendix A. Influent and effluent data will be
collected throughout the verification test.
2.3 Summary of Installation, Startup and Schedule
The Big Fish system is operational at the test site, so all of the needed electrical, mechanical, and
support systems are in place for the verification test. Automatic sampling and flow monitoring
equipment are in place to monitor the effluent location. The automatic sampler collects
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composite samples for effluent over the duration of each discharge. Influent waste samples are
collected as grab samples from the receiving equalization tank, which is aerated and mixed. This
tank is pumped to the lime treatment/holding tank when a treatment cycle is started. Therefore
the sample of the equalization tank represents a composite of the entire influent batch that is
processed through the system.
All of the wastewater generated at the site will be treated through the system during the
verification test. This is a full-scale verification test, using the standard Big Fish commercial
system.
The GP calls for evaluation of the start up of the system, as well as one year of sampling as part
of the verification testing. The verification test is expected to begin in July or August 2008, and
will begin using the operating system without cleanout. Big Fish has agreed to demonstrate
startup of the system during low demand months in either January or February. At this time,
typically a low demand period, Big Fish will empty the aerobic treatment tanks, the settling
tanks, and the discharge tank. These tanks will be cleaned and then placed back into service. The
cleanout is expected to take less than one week. Once the system is clean, the system will be
restarted using normal startup procedures. The startup is expected to take approximately 1-2
weeks during which time the organisms will establish themselves in the aerobic treatment tanks
and the system will reach a steady state operation. Wastewater from the equalization tanks is
processed through the lime treatment and screw press systems with the effluent entering the
aerobic treatment tanks. Fresh microorganisms will be placed in the aerobic tanks and the system
recycled for several days. The system will be monitored for routine parameters such as
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Big Fish indicates that the startup usually takes about 1-
2 weeks and the system will be ready to process additional wastewater.
The overall verification test and report preparation is expected to span a period of fifteen months.
The actual verification test will run for twelve months. If the startup extends beyond the expected
two weeks, then an additional month may be required to obtain 12 months of verification data.
Final data at the end of the operation will be complete within one month and the draft final report
is should be completed within two month of receipt of the final data. The fifteen months
schedule is as follows:
Verification Test Month 1-12
Cleaning and Startup Month 7-8 (assumes a July start date)
Final Lab Data Month 13
Draft Report Month 15
3.0 VERIFICATION TESTING RESPONSIBILITIES
EPA sponsors the ETV Program, which is implemented through contracted Verification
Organizations (VO). NSF International is the VO for the ETV Water Quality Protection Center.
The VO is responsible for selection of the Testing Organization (TO) for each technology to be
verified, and to provide oversight for the testing program. NSF reviews all test plans and
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oversees all of the participants in the testing program to ensure there is no bias or conflict of
interest that could influence the test results. Scherger Associates will act as the TO.
3.1 NSF International - Verification Organization (VO)
The ETV Water Quality Protection Center (WQPC) is administered through a cooperative
agreement between USEPA and NSF, the verification partner organization for the Center. NSF
administers the WQPC, which includes development and implementation of the Verification Test
Plan (VTP).
NSF's responsibilities as the VO include:
Review and comment on the site specific VTP;
Coordinate with peer-reviewers to review and comment on the VTP;
Coordinate with the EPA Center Manager and the technology vendor to approve the
VTP prior to the initiation of verification testing;
Review the quality systems of all parties involved with the TO and subsequently,
qualify the TO;
Oversee the technology evaluation and associated laboratory testing;
Carry out an on-site audit of test procedures;
Oversee the development of a verification report and verification statement;
Coordinate with USEPA to approve the verification report and verification statement;
Provide QA/QC review and support for the TO; and
Prepare and disseminate the Verification Report and Verification Statement.
Key contacts at NSF for the Verification Test Plan and Program are:
Mr. Thomas Stevens, ETV WQPC Manager
(734) 769-5347 email: stevenst@nsf.org
Mr. Craig Morr, NSF Manager of Corporate QA and Safety
(734)769-5143 email: cmorr@nsf.org
NSF International
789 North Dixboro Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
3.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
The USEPA Office of Research and Development through the Urban Watershed Management
Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), provides administrative,
technical, and quality assurance guidance and oversight on all ETV Water Quality Protection
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Center activities. The USEPA will review and approve each phase of the verification project.
The USEPA's responsibilities will include:
VTP technical and QA review and approval;
Verification Report technical and QA review and approval; and
Verification Statement review and approval.
The key USEPA contact for this program is:
Mr. Ray Frederick, Project Officer, ETV Water Quality Protection Center
(732) 321-6627 email: Frederick.ray@epa.gov
USEPA, NRMRL
Urban Watershed Management Research Laboratory
2890 Woodbridge Ave. (MS-104)
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
3.3 Testing Organization (TO)
The TO for the verification testing is Scherger Associates. Scherger Associates has experience in
wastewater treatment operations and will oversee all test site operations. A local experienced
wastewater operator, Mr. Randy Holecheck, will collect all samples and send the samples to the
laboratory, and will also monitor the test site during the testing. Scherger Associates has
experience in test plan development, system audits, and verification report writing. The
laboratory performing the analytical work will be RTI Laboratories, Inc. The laboratory has
many years of experience in water and wastewater testing.
Mr. Dale A. Scherger will be the Project Manager (PM) for the TO and will be responsible for
the successful completion of the field portion of the verification project. Mr. Scherger will be
responsible for obtaining all of the information from the field activities during the test,
overseeing the sample collection activities, and directing Mr. Holecheck in monitoring the site
activities. Scherger Associates prepared this VTP and will prepare the draft Verification Report.
RTI Laboratories Inc. will provide the laboratory services for the testing program. The
laboratory will be responsible for laboratory quality assurance for the VTP through its QA group.
NSF will audit the laboratory. NSF will provide administrative and technical support for review
and production of the VTP and the Final Report.
The responsibilities of the TO include:
Preparation of the site specific VTP;
Conducting verification testing, according to the VTP;
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Oversight of the startup, operation, and maintenance of the Big Fish system in
accordance with the Vendor's O&M manual(s);
Maintaining safe conditions at the test site for the health and safety of all personnel
involved with verification testing;
Scheduling and coordinating the activities of all verification testing participants,
including establishing a communication network and providing logistical and technical
support;
Resolving any quality concerns that may be encountered and report all findings to the
VO;
Managing, evaluating, interpreting and reporting on data generated by verification
testing;
Evaluation and reporting on the performance of the technology; and
If necessary, document changes in plans for testing and analysis, and notify the VO of
any and all such changes before changes are executed.
The key personnel and contacts for the TO are:
Scherger Associates - Project Manager
Mr. Dale A. Scherger
Environmental Consultant
(734)213-8150 email: daleres@aol.com
Scherger Associates
3017 Rumsey Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Analytical Laboratory
Brian Hall
Account Manager email: bhall@rtilab.com
734-422-8000 ext 301
RTI Laboratories, Inc.
31628 Glendale Street
Livonia, MI 48150
3.4 Technology Vendor
The Wastewater Treatment Technology being evaluated is the Big Fish Septage Processing
System designed, assembled, and installed by Big Fish Environmental, LLC. The vendor will be
responsible for supplying the equipment needed for the VTP and will support the TO in ensuring
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that the equipment is properly operated during the verification test period. Specific
responsibilities of the vendor will include:
Initiate application for ETV testing;
Provide input to the verification testing objectives to be incorporated into the VTP;
Select the test site (Charlevoix site already in place);
Provide complete ready to operate equipment, and the operations and maintenance
(O&M) manual(s) typically provided with the technology (including instructions on
installation, start-up, operation and maintenance) for verification testing;
Provide additional equipment, piping, pumps, valves, flowmeters, tanks, etc. needed to
setup the test;
Provide any existing relevant performance data for the technology if it has been
tested/operated at other locations;
Provide logistical and technical support;
Provide assistance to the TO on the operation and monitoring of the Technology during
the verification testing;
Review and approve the site-specific VTP;
Arrange for shipments of septage and other wastewaters or residuals to the facility during
the verification test.
Review and comment on the Verification Report; and
Provide funding for verification testing.
The key contact for Big Fish Environmental, LLC will be:
Mr. John Campbell
(231)547-4429 Email: info@bigfishenvironmental.com
Big Fish Environmental, LLC
12640 Taylor Road
Charlevoix, MI 49720
3.5 ETV Test Site
As described in Section 2.2, the verification test will be performed at the Big Fish facility in
Charlevoix Michigan. Big Fish owns, operates, and maintains the septage processing system at
this location. As the owner Big Fish will:
Provide space and utilities for the verification test; and
Provide access to the existing equipment, piping, pumps, valves, flowmeters, tanks, etc.
needed to setup the test.
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3.6 Technology Panel
Representatives from the Technology Panel will provide technical and professional support if
needed by the TO during all phases of the verification test period. The Panel will support the VO
as needed during the preparation and review of the Verification Report.
4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BIG FISH ENVIRONMENTAL SEPTAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
4.1 Technology Overview
The treatment of concentrated wastewaters, such as septage, presents a challenge due to the
intermittent and highly variable volume of wastewater being delivered to the treatment system.
The Big Fish Environmental Septage Processing System has combined processes to treat these
high strength wastes, producing Class A biosolids and municipal strength wastewater, which can
be discharged for final treatment at a municipal wastewater treatment system. The system
combines solids treatment and handling with aerobic wastewater treatment to achieve the
objectives of the process. An overview of the process steps is shown in Figure 4-1, Figure 4-2
provides a process flow diagram for the entire process and Figure 4-3 shows the biosolids
processing diagram. Each of the processes is discussed in detail in the following sections.
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Receiving
i
Screening
Aerobic Introduction
i
Homogination
I
Vector Attraction Reduction and Pathogen
I
^
H
J
ii
PH
PQ
Screw Press Process
I
Microbial Aerobic Process -
I
Quiescence
->. Discharge <
Recirculate
Waste Water Treatment Plant
- Future Possibility -
New Plants Discharge
to Ground Water
ฉ Copyright Big Fish Environmental, LLC 2007
All rights reserved. Nothing in these documents shall be construed as
conferring any license under any of Big Fish Environmental's or any third
party's intellectual, or patent rights whether by estoppels, implication, or
otherwise. Reproduction or duplication of any kind is strictly prohibited
unless authorized in advance by writing from Big Fish Environmental, LLC.
Big Fish Environmentalฎ
Figure 4-1. Overview of processing steps - Big Fish Septage Processing System.
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STOP - Retest Ok - To screen
Not ok - To industrial waste facility
ฉ Copyright Big Fish Environmental, LLC
All rights reserved. Nothing in these documents shall be construed as conferring
any license under any of Big Fish Environmental's or any third party's intellectual,
or patent rights whether by estoppels, implication, or otherwise. Reproduction or
duplication of any kind is strictly prohibited unless authorized in advance by
writing from Big Fish Environmental, LLC.
Process Flow 5/21/07
Big Fish Environmental ฎ
Figure 4-2. Big Fish process flow diagram.
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Aeration &
Blending
Aeration and Lime Mix
Lime Mix 'A'
Lime Mix 'B'
Flocculation
Rotary Screen
Thickener
Screw
Press
Neutralize
pH 7.5-8.0
1
r
Big Fish
Process
Class A
Bio Solids
ฉ Copyright Big Fish Environmental, LLC
All rights reserved. Nothing in these documents shall be construed as
conferring any license under any of Big Fish Environmental's or any third
party's intellectual, or patent rights whether by estoppels, implication, or
otherwise. Reproduction or duplication of any kind is strictly prohibited
Screw Press Flow 5/21/07
Big Fish Environmentalฎ
Figure 4-3. Big Fish biosolids process description.
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4.1.1 Truck Unloading, Screens, and Equalization
The Big Fish truck unloading is inside the main building adjacent to the aerobic treatment tanks
and other processing equipment. Trucks enter the unloading area and close the large roll-up door
to control odors. Trucks are unloaded by pressurizing the truck tank. A JWC Muffin Monster Vi"
screen is in line to remove inorganics. A flow meter records the amount of wastewater unloaded
from the truck, and an in-line pH meter monitors the wastewater to confirm the pH is greater
than 4. The screened wastewater then passes through a de-grit chamber and flows into the first
11,000 gallon receiving/equalization tank. This tank is aerated, which provides mixing of the
various wastewater received and provides oxygen to maintain dissolved oxygen levels so that the
stored wastewater remains aerobic. The first receiving/equalization tank is connected to a second
aerated 15,000-gallon equalization tank. Large volume equalization is used to mix the variety of
wastewater being received and to provide sufficient volume for the batch treatment in the vector
attraction and pathogen reduction treatment step (lime treatment and subsequent screw press
operation for solids separation).
Once 15,000 gallons or more of wastewater is accumulated in the equalization system, the
wastewater is ready for transfer to the lime treatment system. A pump in the second equalization
tank is activated to transfer the wastewater to one of the lime treatment tanks.
4.1.2 Lime Treatment and Solids Separation - Biosolids Production
Figure 4-3 shows a process flow description of the biosolids treatment part of the Big Fish
system. When a batch of wastewater is ready for treatment, the lime feed system is activated and
the equalization tank pump is started. Lime is added directly to the flowing wastewater as it is
transferred to a lime treatment tank. The lime feed system uses a standard lime feeder to
introduce hydrated lime directly into the flowing wastewater. The lime dosage can be adjusted
by changing the lime feed rate and dosing time.
There are two 20,000-gallon lime treatment tanks. Each tank mixes the material to ensure that all
of the wastewater and solids are in contact with the elevated pH. Lime is added to the influent
waste mixture (septage, FOG, secondary biosolids, etc) to achieve pH 12 for a minimum of 2
hours, and then is held at minimum pH of 11.5 for a minimum of 22 hours. pH is monitored and
recorded in the operation log to document that a pH of 12 or greater is maintained for at least two
hours. Once these first pH criteria are met, the wastewater continues to be treated in the lime
tank for a minimum of 22 additional hours. pH is monitored and recorded to document that a pH
>11.5 is maintained for this additional 22 hour period.
After lime treatment is complete, the wastewater is pumped from the lime treatment tank through
a flocculation tank and a rotary screen thickener to build solids particle size and thicken the
solids prior to entering the screw press. The pH of the wastewater from the lime treatment tank is
adjusted to approximately 7.5 - 8.0 with citric acid and polymer is added prior the wastewater
entering the flocculation tank. Typically, the solids content after flocculation and thickening is
17-18%. Water extracted in the rotary screen thickener is discharged to a blending tank.
The thickened sludge is processed in a FKC screw press that also heats the solids to a minimum
of 72ฐ C for a minimum of 20 minutes. The screw press is a hollow core design that has proven
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very effective in increasing the solids content to 40-50%. The combination of the lime treatment
and the elevated temperature in the screw press meets the Class A biosolids requirements
established by the USEPA. A boiler supplies steam that is circulated through the screw press to
provide the heat to raise the solids temperature. The temperature of the solids exiting the screw
press is measured and recorded to document the operating conditions. Solids are collected in a
hopper and the transferred to an outside covered storage area. The filtrate from the screw press is
discharged to the first aerobic treatment tank for treatment.
4.1.3 Aerobic Treatment, Settling and Discharge
The aerobic treatment system consists of a series of aerated tanks followed by a quiescent
settling tank, a re-aeration tank, and two discharge tanks. The aerobic treatment tanks have a
combined volume of 27,000 gallons. There is one 15,000-gallon tank and six (6) 2,000-gallon
tanks. Each tank is aerated and has one or more White Knight microbial generators installed in
the tank. These White Knight systems are suspended in the aerated and well-mixed treatment
tanks to provide a source of microorganisms in addition to the naturally occurring organism in
the suspended growth aerobic system. The large capacity of the aeration tanks provides time for
biological treatment to reduce the very high organic and solids loadings that are normally present
in septage type wastes.
Treated water from the aerobic system enters a 2,000-gallon settling tank. This tank is a standard
tank, with no special settling enhancements such as weirs or sludge collecting rakes. The
quiescent settling tank provides sufficient time for the solids to separate. The clarified
wastewater then enters the 2,000-gallon re-aeration tank where the dissolved oxygen is increased
prior to discharge. The aerated water then flows into two 2,000-gallon discharge tanks. Solids
that accumulate in the settling tank are periodically removed and placed back into the receiving
tank for processing through the lime treatment and screw press processes.
When water is discharged from the screw press and thickener, the balance of water within the
system demands that water be discharged from the system. The discharge pump is activated to
pump the treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system. The effluent passes through a flow
meter to record the volume of the discharge and a sampler on the discharge line collects a
composite sample over the period of discharge.
As shown in the summary flow data (Table 2-2), the volume of wastewater delivered/treated can
vary from 13,000 to 178,000 gallons per month. This means that the system operation can vary
from as few as two batches in a month to as many as 10-15 batches (2- 15 operating days). Big
Fish has stabilized the operation of the aerobic system by using a combination of internal
recycle, organism augmentation, and food addition during periods of low demand and between
actual production/discharge days. When water is not being processed through the screw press,
the discharge pump is not used and the water is recycled back to the first aerobic treatment tank.
Thus, water is always moving through the aerobic, settling, re-aeration, and discharge tanks in
the treatment system. Big Fish monitors the system on a periodic basis to determine if additional
organisms or food need to be added to the system. The White Knight microbial generators are
the primary approach to maintaining healthy microorganism pollution during extended recycle
periods. In addition, an onsite hatchery (aerated tank with organism from the main system) is
maintained and fed with molasses or other food sources to grow and maintain an adapted culture
of mixed organism. These microorganisms can be added to the treatment system if prolonged
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recycling periods are encountered or if upset conditions were to occur. This also is the reason
that a restart from a clean empty tank condition can usually be accomplished in a few days,
rather the weeks that many aerobic systems require. Further, if the organic content of the main
aerobic treatment system gets very low due to lack of demand in the market, food can be added
to the system to maintain a healthy population of microorganisms. These additions of organism
and food generally are only needed in the winter months when incoming wastewater volumes are
very low.
4.2 Big Fish Claims and Criteria
Big Fish claims that their Septage Processing System treat septage, Porta John waste, municipal
secondary sludge, and FOG wastes to produce Class A biosolids and a wastewater that meets
criteria for discharge to municipal wastewater treatment systems. Effluent criteria stated by Big
Fish for the system include:
Table 4-1. Big Fish Aerobic Septage Treatment Claims
Parameter Effluent Characteristics after Treatment
BOD5 < 300 mg/L
TSS < 350 mg/L
NH3-N < 65 mg/L (as N)
Total Phosphorus 5-15 mg/L (as P)
5.0 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
5.1 Introduction
The experimental design described in this Test Plan will obtain quantitative and qualitative data
on the performance capabilities of the Big Fish Septage Processing System, and will serve as the
basis for determining the effectiveness of the treatment unit to reduce constituent loads in the
influent wastewater and to produce Class A biosolids. The data, collected in accordance with the
experimental design and sampling analysis plan, will be presented in the Verification Report and
serve as the basis for the Verification Statement for this technology.
The experimental design follows the methods and procedures defined in the GP Protocol for the
Verification of Wastewater Treatment Technologies, April 2001. The design incorporates the
elements described in the protocol and includes a startup period and a 12-month testing program.
The following sections describe the influent wastewater characterization (flow data), the startup
procedures, and the actual verification test. Sampling and analysis procedures are presented in
Section 6.0 Sampling and Analysis Procedures.
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5.2 Influent Wastewater Characterization
As described in Section 2.2, the test site is located in Charlevoix Michigan. The facility receives
various wastewaters by trucks, which are unloaded inside the facility to the receiving
equalization tanks. Wastewater and sludges received include septage from residential and
commercial septic tanks, Porta John cleanout wastes, municipal secondary sludge from the City
of Charlevoix, and commercial wastewaters high in fats, oil, and grease. Flow data for the
system has been collected as part of the normal operation of the system and for reporting to the
State of Michigan. A summary of the average monthly flow rates for the period January 2007
through January 2008 is shown in Table 2-2 of Section 2.2. Individual monthly flow data is
presented in Appendix A.
The flow data shows that there is a large variation in the monthly flow (e.g. from 13,000 to
178,000 gallons per month). The highest demand for treatment is in the summer (July -
September) and the lowest demand is in the winter (January - March). The system will be tested
for a 12-month period, so any changes in performance due to seasonal effects will be monitored.
Instantaneous flow data is not recorded. However, the treatment system has a large equalization
capacity and operates in a batch/semi-continuous flow mode. Therefore, instantaneous flow rate
is not important or applicable for this treatment system. The aerobic treatment system receives
flow from the screw press on operating days at a fairly steady rate and the discharge is also
steady as it is pumped to the city sewer city based on incoming flow to the aerobic system The
Big Fish is a complete treatment system. There will be no pre treatment or post treatment
requirements for the verification test. The existing unit has been achieving the permit limits since
shortly after the initial startup.
Influent data will be collected to characterize the mixed equalized wastewater received at the
facility and treated during the treatment cycles. In addition records are maintained of each waste
received at the facility, including a description of the type of waste, the source, and the volume
received. Each load is monitored for pH. These records will be used to describe the type of waste
material in each batch treated during the verification test sampling and analysis periods.
5.3 Startup
As stated previously, the Big Fish system has been installed and operating at the test site for two
years. The unit has been treating the various wastewaters and meeting the State of Michigan
discharge permit limits. The existing system is in use on a regular basis to treatment customer
wastes. Big Fish has agreed to demonstrate startup of the system during low demand months in
either January or February. The verification test is expected to begin in July - August and will
start by using the operating system without cleanout. In the winter, typically a low demand
period, Big Fish will empty the aerobic treatment tanks, the settling tanks, and the discharge
tank. These tanks will be cleaned and placed back into service. Once the system is clean, the
system will be restarted using normal startup procedures.
The tank cleaning procedure will include pumping all of the wastewater out of the aerobic
treatment tanks, the settling tank, re-aeration tank, and final discharge tank. This wastewater will
be sent to the municipal treatment system. It is expected that this work will take 1-2 days to
complete. The tanks will then be rinsed and cleaned as needed to remove any significant solids
buildup in the tanks. Once the tanks are clean, they will be filled with a combination of
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processed wastewater from the screw process and/or equalization tank and clean water.
Microorganism will be seeded to the aerated tanks and White Knight microbial generators will
be hung in place in accordance with standard operating practice.
There is no requirement in the protocol for sampling and analysis during the startup period,
unless the startup period exceeds thirty days. However, there are daily field tests (pH, dissolved
oxygen and temperature) that will be made by the operating staff of Big Fish with review by the
TO. Settleable solids will monitored three times per week during the startup. All field test data
collected during startup will be recorded in the logbook. Visual observations and any changes
made to the system will also be recorded in the logbook to track the startup process. In addition
to these tests, some sampling and analysis may be performed at the request of Big Fish. If this
work is requested, it will be performed using grab samples or the installed composite sampling
equipment to be used during the verification test. If for some reason the startup extends beyond
four (4) weeks then a monthly sampling program will be started to monitor the critical
parameters of biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, TKN, and total coliform.
Table 5-2 shows the normal startup parameter list and the monitoring that will occur if startup
extends beyond four weeks.
Scherger Associates, in consultation with Big Fish management and onsite operators will
determine when the startup is complete and the verification test can resume. This decision will be
based on reviewing the operating conditions and the effluent quality to determine that the system
is stable and operating in accordance with the Big Fish specifications. When the system is ready
for the re-start of the verification test, Scherger Associates will contact NSF and inform them
that the Verification Test is ready to restart, and with NSF concurrence, the Verification Test will
resume.
Table 5-1. Startup Monitoring
Sample Schedule
Parameter
Flow Rate, gpd
PH
Temperature
Settleable Solids
Dissolved Oxygen
BOD5 in, mg/L
BOD5 out, mg/L
TSS in, mg/L
TSS out, mg/L
Ammonia Nitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Frequency
Daily
Daily
Daily
3 / week
Daily
1 / month
1 / month
1 / month
1 / month
1 / month
1 / month
Sample Type
Meter
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Record Keeping
Recorded by time and date
Recorded by time and date
Recorded by time and date
Recorded daily during startup
Recorded daily during startup
Chain of custody and lab reports
Chain of custody and lab reports
Chain of custody and lab reports
Chain of custody and lab reports
Chain of custody and lab reports
Chain of custody and lab reports
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5.4 Verification Testing
5.4.1 Introduction
The Big Fish Septage Processing System is designed to treat septage and similar wastewater to
meet typical discharge standards to municipal treatment systems as established by state and local
government. This Verification Test will establish the effluent quality achieved by Big Fish in
typical wastewater applications. The system will be tested to determine the effectiveness of the
system to reduce TSS, BOD5, NH3, and TP to meet municipal pretreatment standards. This will
be achieved by collecting and analyzing samples of the treated effluent discharged from the
aerobic treatment system. Operating parameters will also be evaluated to show that Class A
biosolids criteria are met for all dewatered biosolids produced.
5.4.2 Objectives
The objectives for the Experimental Design for this Verification Test are:
Determine the treatment performance of the Big Fish System to remove the key target
constituents, including TSS, BOD, NH3, and TP;
Determine the Operation and Maintenance requirements for the system;
Determine the biosolids residuals meet the criteria for Class A biosolids; and
Determine the labor time, chemical use and energy consumption of the system.
5.4.3 Verification Test Period
In accordance with the GP, one verification test period will be performed for the Big Fish
system. The test period will continue for twelve (12) consecutive months. No more than 36 days
of upset conditions or downtime will be allowed during the verification test period. The test will
include a full range of flow conditions and influent characteristics. The test site flow data
presented in Section 5.2 and general information available about the test site indicate that with
reasonable spacing of sampling through the year, all types of conditions should be monitored
over the one-year period.
If, for any reason, the downtime or upset conditions exceed 36 days (about 10% of the operating
time), the verification test period will be extended based on consultation and agreement with the
Verification Organization. If an extension is needed, the additional time will be designed to
insure that all seasons and flow conditions are included in the verification test. Full
documentation of the reasons for any down time or upsets will be made by the TO and provided
in the final verification report.
5.4.4 Flow Monitoring
The volume of each received truckload of waste is recorded and will be available to describe the
type and volume of waste in the receiving tanks when monitoring is scheduled. When the system
is ready for treatment of a batch of wastewater, the volume of water placed in the lime treatment
tank will be recorded, based on the time the pump is operated and the wastewater level in the
lime treatment tank after the transfer is complete.
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The water discharged to the municipal collection system from the Big Fish system is monitored
by a flow meter on the discharge line to the municipal system. The discharge volume is recorded
as required by the permit for the Big Fish facility. This discharge volume will be recorded and
will provide the flow record for the verification test.
All flow data will be provided in the final report
5.4.5 Sampling and Analysis
Basis for Sample Schedule Deviation from the General Protocol
The sampling requirements in the GP are designed for a continuous flow system operating 365
days per year. The GP specifies twelve (12) sampling periods (four days of sampling with daily
or four-day composites) and four (4) special sampling periods targeted to special flow or loading
conditions. The Big Fish system, however, operates only a few days per month, with fewer
operational days in the winter and more in the summer. Even in the summer period the unit does
not typically operate for four days in a row. During high flow/demand months, typical operation
will be for two or three days followed by several days with no discharge (unit in recycle mode).
In the winter only two or three operating days may occur an entire month. Therefore, a special
revised sampling schedule has been devised for this verification test. The sampling program will
cover a 12-month test period and will include a minimum of one sampling period per month.
The GP sampling events each include four days of TSS, BOD5, and COD sampling and analysis,
and four day periods where the individual nutrient samples are composited together into one
sample. Overall, the GP specifies 64 samples for BOD5, TSS, COD, and 16 sample results for
nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). On a percentage basis, 17.5% of the operating days will
have BOD5, TSS, COD (64/365) sampling and 4.4% of operating days will have nutrient
samples (16/365). The nutrients are four-day composites, so the nutrient data actually represent
the same 17.5% of operating days as the BOD5, TSS, and COD sample schedule.
Using a similar approach for the Big Fish system to obtain samples on a cross section of
operating days, and based on Big Fish having an average of 108 - 135 operating days per year
(averaging 9-111 month), this test plan sampling schedule is designed to have 24 sampling days
(two per month), which is 17.5% of operating days based on 135 days/yr, and 22% of operating
days based on 108 days/year. During six high flow months (typically June to November), the two
days of sampling will be consecutive treatment days, with a minimum batch size of 5-10,000
gallons. For those sampling periods with consecutive days, nutrients will be composite
samples for the two-day period. For the other six months, two sampling days will be performed
each month, but they will not be consecutive days (i.e., the sampling days could be in different
weeks). These composite samples (for the duration of the discharge - typically 8-12 hours) will
include all the analyses, BODs, TSS, COD, FOG, and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus).
This revised sampling approach yields a minimum of 24 daily composite samples for BOD5,
TSS, COD and FOG, and a minimum of 18 nutrient samples (one two-day composite per month
in the six high flow months, and two samples per month in the low flow months). Overall, this
sampling and analysis schedule will yield the equivalent number of representative samples for
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BOD5, TSS, COD, and FOG on a percentage of operating/discharge day basis compared to the to
the general protocol, and more nutrient data than required in the protocol.
The sampling program does not include any special extra periods, as there is no need to target
special periods for this system. The system uses large equalization tanks and thus any given day
or weekend period is averaged out when the incoming truckloads are mixed together in the
receiving tanks. The special sampling periods were included in the 64 and 16 sample base
numbers used for the percentages of operating/discharge days. All data sets for this system will
start with the routine startup of the unit from the recycle mode, so the issue of a resuming
discharge after a holding period will be addressed in every data set. The two consecutive day
requirements for six months provides six sets of data with resumption of discharge followed by
an additional day of operation. The other six months will provide data for one-day resumption of
discharge after an extended recycle period, which is the typical operating mode for this system.
Normally, sampling the first day of operation after a recycle period for an aerobic system would
be considered a worst case, but for the Big Fish system with the recycling and possibly adding
food, the first discharge day might be better than the next operating day. While the past operating
data of the Big Fish system does not indicate this pattern, the potential concern is addressed by
sampling for two consecutive days for at least six months of the test period
Sample Locations, Type, and Analysis
Sampling locations will include the untreated wastewater influent (mixed wastewater in the
equalization tank) and the final treated effluent discharged to the municipal treatment system.
The untreated wastewater will be collected as grab samples from the equalization tank prior to
the transfer of a batch of wastewater to the lime treatment tank. This mixed wastewater will
represent the entire mixture of wastewater being treated for that batch, and will be matched with
the discharged wastewater that will occur when the lime treated wastewater is processed through
the screw press and the resultant liquid processed through the aerobic treatment system. The
treated effluent will be collected using the existing composite sampler located on the discharge
line just prior to the effluent entering the municipal wastewater collection system. This location
is the official sampling location for the facility operating permit. Composite samples will be
collected for the duration of the discharge, which is typically 8-12 hours, but can extend longer
depending on batch size and discharge rate. The composite sampler collects equal aliquots on a
time basis. This is equivalent to a flow weighted composite sample for this system as the
discharge is pumped to the municipal system at a constant flow rate.
In addition to the influent and effluent sampling locations, the individual truckloads of
wastewater are monitored for volume and pH. These data will be collected as part of the normal
plant operation and will be available along with a description of the type wastewater being
received. Samples are also collected for pH from the lime treatment tank to document the pH and
time of treatment of the tank contents to confirm the requirements for Class A biosolids are met.
After lime treatment, the wastewater pH is adjusted to 7.5 - 8.0 using citric acid, and the adjusted
pH is recorded. Temperature is monitored at the screw press to document that the biosolids have
been heated to the required greater than 72 ฐC for a minimum of 20 minutes.
Both grab and composite samples will be collected during all sampling events. The type of
sample will depend on the requirements and the holding time for each analysis. Grab samples at
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both the influent and effluent sample locations will be collected each day for pH, temperature,
dissolved oxygen, and FOG. Grab samples of the influent mixed wastewater will also be
collected for TSS, BOD5, COD, Alkalinity, TKN, NH3-N, NO2+NO3, and TP. Composite
samples of the discharge (minimum of two liter volume) will be collected each sampling day for
TSS, BOD5, COD, Alkalinity, TKN, NH3-N, NO2+NO3, TP, chloride and sodium. For the six
monthly sample periods where two consecutive days of discharge and sampling occur, an aliquot
of the daily composite sample will be taken each day and a two-day composite sample made for
TKN, NH3-N, NO2+NO3, TP, chloride and sodium. Table 5-2 shows a summary of the sample
collection and analysis program.
Table 5-2. Summary of Sampling Collection and Analysis
Parameter
pH
Temperature
TSS
BOD5
COD
FOG
Alkalinity
Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen (TKN)
Ammonia-
Nitrogen
Nitrate/nitrite
Total Phosphorus
Chloride
Sodium
Sample Type
Grab
Grab
Daily composite
for duration of
discharge
Daily composite
for duration of
discharge
Daily composite
for duration of
discharge
Grab
Daily composite
for duration of
discharge
Composite(1)
Composite(1)
Composite(1)
Composite(1)
Composite(1)
Composite(1)
Number of
Frequency Sampling
Days
Daily- 2 days per month
Daily- 2 days per month
Daily- 2 days per month
Daily- 2 days per month
Daily- 2 days per month
Daily- 2 days per month
Daily- 2 days per month
One per 2 day event; 1 for
all other events
One per 2 day event; 1 for
all other events
One per 2 day event; 1 for
all other events
One per 2 day event; 1 for
all other events
One per 2 day event; 1 for
all other events
One per 2 day event; 1 for
all other events
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
18
18
18
18
18
18
Estimated
Number of
Samples (2)
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
36
36
36
36
36
36
(1) For high flow months, a two-day composite is made by taking the daily composite, preserving it, and then
combining at the end of the 2-day event the two daily samples into one event composite.
(2) Number of samples is based on two (2) sampling locations, untreated influent, and the final treated effluent
discharged to the municipal sewer system after biosolids processing and aerobic treatment.
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Dewatered biosolids are produced from the screw press. Treatment conditions are designed to
produce Class A biosolids, based on Federal requirements. While routine analyses are not
required of the biosolids, the verification test will include analysis for heavy metals and
moisture/solids content. Grab samples of the biosolids will be collected twice during the
verification, once during the summer high demand period and once in the winter low demand
period. Analysis will include percent solids and metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni, Se, Zn). The
volume or weight of biosolids produced by the screw press will be recorded for each sampling
event.
5.4.6 Operations and Maintenance
The Big Fish will be operated during the verification test by Big Fish personnel in accordance
with the Operating Manual. The TO will monitor the system during the test, including review of
operating conditions, maintenance performed and keep records of all site visits and site
conditions. The TO will also collect all samples for analysis and send them to the laboratory.
The Operating Manual provides detailed information on each unit operation. These detailed
instructions include descriptions of the operating data (pH, times, temperature, flows, etc.) that
are recorded in the facility operating log. A field logbook will be maintained by the TO that will
provide written notes for each visit to the site. This logbook will also become part of the
permanent record on the operation of the unit.
Maintenance performed by Big Fish personnel will be logged in an on-site maintenance log and
will be reviewed and initialed by the TO on a monthly basis. If any extraordinary maintenance is
required, Big Fish will inform the TO and document the maintenance performed.
Periodically the polymer and citric acid solutions need to be replenished. The Big Fish operators
will record the level in each chemical solution tank at the end of each treatment period and will
also record when a new tank of solution is prepared or placed in use. These records will be
reviewed by the TO on a monthly basis. Chemical use will be reported in the final report based
on these records.
Power consumption will be monitored on a monthly basis. A standard electrical power meter is
already installed at the site. Meter readings will be taken at least once per month throughout the
test. These reading will be recorded in the logbook. The natural gas used to heat the boiler that
feeds the screw press will also be monitored from the gas meter at the site, and the readings will
be recorded in the logbook.
Any other observations of the operating condition of the unit, or the test system as a whole, will
be recorded in the logbook for future reference. Observations of changes in effluent quality
based visual observations, such as color change, oil sheen, obvious sediment load, etc., will be
recorded for use during the Verification Report preparation.
Odor, if any, will be observed on each visit to the site (minimum of three to four days per month
while processing). Also, any citizen complaints will be part of the operating record and will be
included in the verification test record.
The plant operating and maintenance logbook(s) and the TO site logbook will be important
records for use during the Verification Report preparation. These logs will provide the
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information to validate the flow and operating conditions during the test periods. Further, they
will serve as the basis for making qualitative performance determinations regarding the unit's
operability and the level/degree of maintenance required. These plant operating and maintenance
logs will be maintained by Big Fish personnel and reviewed by the TO throughout the
verification test.
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN - PROCEDURES
6.1 Sampling Locations and Procedures
There are two primary sampling locations in system. The influent sampling location is the
equalization tank containing the mixed wastewaters received from the truck unloading station. A
minimum if four liters of influent sample will be collected using a sludge judge so that a well-
mixed grab sample is collected from each batch of wastewater to be treated. The effluent
sampling location for the treated water has an automatic sampler that collects aliquots on a time
basis for the duration of discharge. This is the equivalent to a flow weighted composite sample as
the discharge is a constant flow pumped discharge. The automatic sampler will take a preset
volume of sample (e.g., 250 mL of sample every 15 minutes, which equal 250 gallons of
discharged effluent), by pumping at a set rate for a set period. A minimum of three liters of water
sample will be collected for each discharge period. The quantity of sample collected for each
sampling period will be recorded. The total sample volume collected will checked against the
amount anticipated to be collected based on the total flow data for the period as a check that the
sampler is working properly and collecting the appropriate amount of sample.
All of the sample containers used for the composite samples will be cooled during the sampling
period by placing ice around the sample container.
In addition to the grab and composite samples, there will also be composite samples collected
representing a two-day sampling periods. These samples will be collected by taking an aliquot of
each of the daily grab or composite sample, and combining the two sub-samples to create a two-
day composite. The procedure for TKN, ammonia, nitrite plus nitrate, and TP will be to take a
one-liter aliquot of the daily grab or composite sample and preserve the sample with sulfuric
acid. For sodium, a 100 mL bottle preserved with nitric acid will be prepared each day. A 100
mL unpreserved bottle will be prepared each day for chloride. The sample bottles will then be
refrigerated and held at or below 4 ฐC until the two-day sampling period is complete. The two
daily samples (two for the influent and two for the effluent) will then be combined on a flow
proportional basis to make an influent and an effluent two-day composite.
The automatic sampling equipment will be cleaned before each use and after each sampling
event. Automatic samplers will be inspected to determine that tubing is in excellent condition
and timers will be checked as part the preparation for a sampling event. Clean sample containers
will be used each sampling day.
Grab samples will be collected at the influent and effluent locations for pH, temperature,
dissolved oxygen, and FOG.
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In addition to the influent and effluent samples, samples will also be collected of the biosolids
twice during the 12 month verification test. These samples will be manual grab samples collected
from the biosolids holding hopper that collects the dewatered solids from the screw press. The
biosolids sample will be obtained by collecting individual 500 mL aliquots of biosolids at two
locations in the hopper. These aliquots will be combined in a two-L container. The container will
be thoroughly mixed, cooled, and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The volume of biosolids
will be estimated and recorded by the site operators and confirmed by the TO during sampling
events.
6.2 Sampling Frequency and Schedule
Sampling type, frequency and the analytical list discussed in the experimental design section are
summarized in Table 5-2. There will be twenty-four (24) sampling days over the 12-month test
period. During high flow months (six months during the test), the two days of sampling for the
month will occur on consecutive processing days with batch sizes of a minimum of 5,000 gallons
treated and discharged per day. During the remaining six months (lower flow demand periods),
the two sampling days will occur when the system is treating wastewater and discharge occurs.
The estimated testing schedule is shown below, but may require adjustment based on actual
incoming waste loads to the faculty.
Estimated Test Schedule:
July 2008
August 2008
September 2008
October 2008
November 2008
December 2008
January 2009
January 2009
February 2009
March 2009
April 2009
May 2009
June 2009
(2 sampling days on consecutive days)
(2 sampling days on consecutive days)
(2 sampling days on consecutive days)
(2 sampling days on consecutive days)
(2 sampling days on consecutive days)
(2 sampling days, when discharging; non consecutive)
(empty and clean the aerobic system, restart the system)
(2 sampling days, when discharging; non consecutive)
(2 sampling days, when discharging; non consecutive)
(2 sampling days, when discharging; non consecutive)
(2 sampling days, when discharging; non consecutive)
(2 sampling days, when discharging; non consecutive)
(2 sampling days on consecutive days)
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6.3 Sample Preservation and Storage
The grab and composite samples for BOD5, TSS, COD, FOG, and alkalinity, and the aliquot for
TKN, ammonia, nitrite plus nitrate, TP, chloride and sodium will be well mixed and poured into
individual sample containers containing appropriate preservatives. Table 6-1 shows the bottle
types, sample size, and preservation required for each parameter.
The sample bottles required for the various analyses will be provided by RTI Laboratories, Inc.,
the outside subcontracted laboratory for this work. The bottles will come with preservative in the
bottles and will be labeled by analysis type.
Sample labels will include:
Project Name: Big Fish ETV
Sample location: influent; final effluent; biosolids
Date:
List of analyses:
Notation of preservative type
Lab number: assigned by lab
The samples will be logged in the field notebook (same information as label above plus samplers
name), placed in coolers with ice to maintain temperature, and sent to the laboratory the same
day.
Table 6-1. Preservation, Bottle Type, and Sample Size By Analysis
Sample Matrix Analyses
WASTEWATER pH
Temperature
Dissolved oxygen
Fats, Oil, and Grease (FOG)
TSS
BOD5
Chloride
COD
Alkalinity
TKN
UUIUC IJJJC,
recommended size
Plastic 250 mL
Plastic 250 mL
Glass, special BOD
bottle
Glass, 750 mL
Plastic, 200 mL
Plastic 500 mL
Plastic 100 mL
Plastic 100 mL
Plastic 250 mL
Plastic 500 mL
Preservation, Holding Time
None, analyze immediately
None, analyze immediately
None, analyze immediately
Cool to 4 degrees C,
pH < 2 H2SO4, 28 days
Cool to 4 degrees C, 7 days
Cool to 4 degrees C,
24 hours
Cool to 4 degrees C,
28 days
Cool to 4 degrees C,
pH < 2 H2SO4, 28 days
Cool to 4 degrees C,
7 days
Cool to 4 degrees C,
pH < 2 H2SO4, 28 days
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XTTT XT
NH3-N
XTV v i v ^
Nitnte plus nitrate
rr. i i
Total Phosphorus
,.
Sodium
+ -^ T
Piastre 250 mL
^ i T
Plastic 100 mL
^ i T
Plastic 100 mL
^ i T
Plastic 100 mL
Cool to 4 degrees C,
pH < 2 H2SO4 28 days
Cool to 4 degrees C,
?H < 2 H2SQ| 2g ^
Cool to 4 degrees C,
?H < 2 H2SQ| 2g ^
Cool to 4 degrees C,
TT TTXT~~ , ,
pH < 2 HNO3, 180 days
BIOSOLIDS
Metals
Plastic or Glass 250
mL or larger
^ . , c ,., , . . . .. , cnn ,
Total Solids/percent moisture Plastic or glass, 500 ml
Cool to 4 degrees C,
6 months
Cool to 4 degrees C,
,
6.4 Chain of Custody
Chain of Custody will be maintained for all samples collected during the verification test. The
TO operators responsible for sample collection will fill out a chain of custody form for each set
of samples. The form will be signed and dated for each set of samples delivered to the
laboratory. The receiving technician will acknowledge receipt of the samples by signing the
chain of custody form and providing a copy of the form to the sample delivery person. All copies
of the chain of custody records will be maintained by the TO and by the chemical laboratory for
all samples. Copies of the completed chain of custody forms will be included with all laboratory
reports transmitting final analytical results.
6.5 Analytical Methods
All analytical methods used during the verification test will be USEPA approved methods or
methods from Standard Methods for the Examination of Waster and Wastewater, 20th Edition.
Table 6-2 shows the analytical methods that will be for the verification test and the typical
detection limits that are achieved by these methods.
Table 6-2. Analytical Methods
Sample Matrix Analyses
Reference Methods
Reporting Detection Limit for
matrix (1)
LIQUID PH
Temperature
Dissolved oxygen
FOG
TSS
BOD5
Chloride
COD
Alkalinity
SM 4500-H B
SM2550B
SM 4500-O G
EPA 1664 A
SM 2540 D
SM5210B
EPA 300.0
EPA 4 10.4
SM 2320 B
N/A (range 1-13
N/A
0.5 mg/L
3.0 mg/L
1 mg/L
2.0 mg/L
1.0 mg/L
20 mg/L
10 mg/L
S.U.)
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TKN
NH3-N
Nitrite and Nitrate
TP
Sodium
EPA 35 1.2
SM 4500-NH3 D
SM 4500-NO3 H
SM 4500-P F
EPA 200.8
0.5 mg/L
0.05 mg/L
0.05 mg/L
0.01 mg/L
0.5 mg/L
SOLID Metal EPA 200.8/245.1 Varies by metal and solids content
Total Solids SM 2540 B IQmg/kg
(1) PQL or normal reporting limit.
(2) Samples will be preserved with acid. Results will be a combined concentration for nitrite
plus nitrate
Three parameters will be measured in the field, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The
contract laboratory will conduct all other analyses. Both the field and laboratory will report all
results with all associated QC data. The results will include all volume and weight measurements
for the samples, field blank results, method blanks, spike and spike duplicate results, results of
standard check samples and special QC samples, and appropriate calibration results. All work
will be performed within the established QA/QC protocol as described in the Quality Assurance
Project Plan (Section 7), and as outlined in the analytical SOPs. The TO will be immediately
notified by field and analytical laboratories of any deviations from the standard test procedures
or difficulties encountered during the analyses. These deviations and difficulties will be
documented and reported with the data.
6.6 Flow Meter Calibration
The flow meter on the discharge line is a standard wastewater flow meter used to record flow for
reporting purposes for both State and City operating permits. This meter will be checked for
accuracy by using the "fill and draw" technique. The discharge holding tank will be filled with a
known volume of water (by measuring the height in the tank) and the water will be pumped
through the flow meter to the sewer. At the end of the pumping cycle the level in the discharge
tank will be measured again, and the difference in height will be used to calculate the actual
water volume discharged. This measured volume will be compared to the actual flow meter
reading of the volume discharged to verify accuracy of the meter. This calibration check will be
done once at the beginning of the verification test and once at the end.
7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL - PROJECT PLAN
The purpose of this section is to describe the quality assurance/quality control program that will
be used during the verification test to ensure that data and procedures are of measurable quality
and support the quality objectives and test plan objectives for this verification test. The quality
assurance activities and scope are based the guidance provided in the Protocol for the
Verification of Wastewater Treatment Technologies. The plan has been developed with guidance
from the USEPA's Guidance for Quality Assurance Project Plans and Guidance for the Data
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Quality Objectives Process. The QA/QC plan is tailored to this specific test plan and
requirements for verification of the Big Fish Septage Processing System in this application. The
QA/QC plan is written as part of the VTP and should be read and used with the VTP as a
reference. The VTP contains descriptions of various requirements of the QA/QC Plan and they
are incorporated by reference at several locations.
7.1 Verification Test Data - Data Quality Indicators (DQI)
Several Data Quality Indicators (DQIs) have been identified as key factors in assessing the
quality of the data and in supporting the verification process. These indicators are:
Precision
Accuracy
Repre sentati vene ss
Comparability
Completeness
Each DQI is described below and the goals for each DQI are specified. Performance
measurements will be verified using statistical analysis of the data for the quantitative DQFs of
precision and accuracy. If any QA objective is not met during the tests, an investigation of the
causes will be initiated. Corrective Action will be taken as needed to resolve the difficulties.
Data failing to meet any of the QA objectives will be flagged in the Verification Report, and a
full discussion of the issues impacting the QA objectives will be presented.
7.1.1 Precision
Precision refers to the degree of mutual agreement among individual measurement and provides
an estimate of random error. Analytical precision is a measurement of how far an individual
measurement may deviate from a mean of replicate measurements. Precision is evaluated from
analysis of field and laboratory duplicates and spiked duplicates. The standard deviation (SD),
relative standard deviation (RSD) and/or relative percent difference (RPD) recorded from sample
analyses are methods used to quantify precision. Relative percent difference is calculated by the
following formula:
RPD = [(abs [Ci - C2]) / (Ci + C2) / 2] x 100%
Where:
Ci = Concentration of the compound or element in the sample
C2 = Concentration of the compound or element in the duplicate
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Field duplicates will be collected of both influent and effluent samples. The field duplicates will
be collected at a frequency of one duplicate for every ten samples collected of influent and
effluent. The laboratory will run duplicate samples as part of the laboratory QA program.
Duplicates are analyzed on a frequency of one duplicate for every ten sample analyzed. The data
quality objective for precision is based on the type of analysis performed. Table 7-2 shows the
laboratory precision that has been established for each analytical method. The data quality
objective varies from a relative percent difference of + 10% to ฑ_30%.
7.1.2 Accuracy
Accuracy is defined for water quality analyses as the difference between the measured value or
calculated sample value and the true value of the sample. Spiking a sample matrix with a known
amount of a constituent and measuring the recovery obtained in the analysis is a method of
determining accuracy. Using laboratory performance samples with a known concentration in a
specific matrix can also monitor the accuracy of an analytical method for measuring a constituent
in a given matrix. Accuracy is usually expressed as the percent recovery of a compound from a
sample. The following equation will be used to calculate Percent Recovery:
Percent Recovery = [( AT - A; ) / As ] x 100%
Where:
AT = Total amount measured in the spiked sample
A; = Amount measured in the un-spiked sample
As = Spiked amount added to the sample
During the VTP, the laboratory will run matrix spike samples at frequency of one spiked sample
for every 10 samples analyzed. The laboratory will also analyze liquid samples of known
concentration as lab control samples. The accuracy objectives by parameter or method are
shown in Table 7-2.
7.1.3 Comparability
Comparability will be achieved by using consistent and standardized sampling and analytical
methods. All analyses will be performed using USEPA or other published methods as listed in
the analytical section (Table 6-2). Any deviations from these methods will be fully described and
reported as part of the QA report for the data. Comparability will also be achieved by using
National Institute of Standards (NIST) traceable standards including the use of traceable
measuring devices for volume and weight. All standards used in the analytical testing will be
traceable to verified standards through the purchase of verifiable standards, and maintaining a
standards logbook for all dilutions and preparation of working standards.
Comparability will be monitored through QA/QC audits and review of the test procedures used
and the traceability of all reference materials used in the laboratory.
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7.1.4 Representativeness
Representativeness is the degree to which data accurately and precisely represent a characteristic
population, parameter at a sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition.
The test plan design calls for grab and composite samples of influent and effluent to be collected
and then analyzed individually or as composites. The sampling locations for the samples are
designed for easy access. The influent samples are taken directly from a well-mixed equalization
tank and the effluent samples are being collected directly from the discharge pipe. This design
will help ensure that a representative sample of the wastewater is obtained in each grab or
composite sample bottle. The sample handling procedure includes a thorough mixing of the
composite container prior to pouring the samples into the individual containers. The laboratory
will follow set procedures (in accordance with good laboratory practice) for thorough mixing of
any samples prior to sub-sampling in order to ensure that samples are homogenous and
representative of the whole sample. The Big Fish unit will be operated in a manner consistent
with the operating manual, so that the operating conditions will be representative of a normal
installation and operation for this equipment.
Representativeness will be monitored through QA/QC audits (both field and laboratory),
including review of the laboratory procedures for sample handling and storage, review and
observation of the sample collection, and review of the operating logs maintained at the test site.
The Verification Organization or their representative will perform field and lab audits as needed.
7.1.5 Completeness
Completeness is a measure of the number of valid samples and measurements that are obtained
during a test period. Completeness will be measured by tracking the number of valid data results
against the specified requirements in the test plan.
Completeness will be calculated by the following equation:
Percent Completeness = (V7T)xioo%
Where:
V = number of measurements that are valid
T = total number of measurements planned in the test
The goal for this data quality objective will be to achieve minimum 80% completeness for
samples scheduled in the test plan.
7.2 Project Management
7.2.1 Management Team
The Test Organization is responsible for management of the VTP including meeting the VTP
objectives and the Data Quality Objectives as measured by the DQI's. Section 3 of the VTP
describes the key personnel involved in this ETV program and the persons responsible to
implement the test plan, including a Quality Control Officer from NSF who will be responsible
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for audits, assessment, and review of procedures and quality data. The phone number, email
address, and mailing address for each person named are given in Section 3.
7.2.2 Project Description and Objectives
A full description of the Big Fish system being verified and the objectives for the verification test
has been presented in Sections 1 through 4 of the VTP. Sections 5 and 6 describe the
experimental design and the sampling and analysis plan for the verification test. The reader is
referred to the VTP for more details.
The primary objective of the VTP is to measure the performance of this technology through a
well-defined test plan that includes measurement of key parameters in the wastewater before and
after application of the treatment technology. This objective will be accomplished by
implementing the sampling and analysis program described in Sections 5 and 6, and by meeting
the data quality objectives described in this Quality Assurance and Quality Control - Project
Plan. The test plan includes operating the Big Fish system, and measuring the influent to and
effluent from the unit, and removed residual (biosolids). The primary parameters being measured
are TSS, BOD5, FOG, TKN, NHs-N, TP, chloride and sodium. Other parameters will include
COD, alkalinity, nitrite plus nitrate, temperature, and pH. The solids and metals content of the
biosolids produced will be measured twice during the verification.
7.2.3 Project Schedule
The verification test will cover a 12-month period with a cleaning and startup of the system
performed sometime during the verification test. Sampling and analysis will be performed each
month (two days per month). An estimated sampling schedule by month has been set. The
schedule will be confirmed or adjusted as necessary during the test.
7.3 Measurements and Data Acquisition
7.3.1 Sample Collection and Chain of Custody
There are two basic types of samples being collected for this verification test, grab samples and
composite samples. Samples will be collected only when the unit is actively transferring
wastewater from the equalization tank or when discharging wastewater. Sections 5 and 6
describe the sampling approach in detail.
The contract laboratory will provide the sample bottles required for the various analyses. The
bottles will come with preservative in the bottles and labeled by analysis type. Samples will be
placed in coolers with ice to maintain temperature, and will be sent to the laboratory the day of
sample collection. More details on the sample collection procedures are given in Sections 5 and 6
Chain of Custody will be maintained for all samples collected during the verification test. The
unit operators who are responsible for sample collection will fill out a chain of custody form.
The form will be signed and dated for each set of samples sent to the laboratory. The receiving
technician will acknowledge receipt of the samples by signing the chain of custody and
providing a copy of the form to the TO. Copies of the completed chain of custody forms will be
included with all laboratory reports transmitting final analytical results.
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7.3.2 Analytical Methods
All of the analytical methods used during the verification test will be USEPA approved methods
or methods from Standards Methods for the Examination of Waster and Wastewater, 20th
Edition. Table 6-2 shows the analytical methods that will be for the verification test and the
typical detection limits that are achieved by these methods.
7.3.3 Analytical Quality Control
The quality control procedures for blanks, spikes, duplicates, calibration of equipment, standards,
reference check samples and other quality control measurements will follow the guidance in the
USEPA methods, the contract laboratory's SOPs and Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Manual. Table 7-1 shows the frequency of analysis of various quality control checks. Table 7-2
shows the quality control limits that will be used by the laboratory for these analyses and to
ensure compliance with the DQFs for accuracy and precision. Field and laboratory duplicates
will be performed at a frequency of one duplicate per ten samples collected. Samples will be
spiked for accuracy determination at a frequency of one sample per ten samples analyzed by the
laboratory. Accuracy and precision will be calculated for all data using the equations presented
in earlier in this section.
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Table 7-1. Summary of Calibration Frequency and Criteria
Analysis
Calibration Frequency
Calibration Points Acceptance Criteria
pH
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
FOG
Initial Calibration daily Initial Calibration:
Check calibration after every 10 non-calibration Two buffers 4-7 or 7-10
analyses Independent buffer at 7
(ICV)
Continuing Calibration
Check:
pH 4, 7 or 10 (CCV)
Depending on initial
calibration range
NIST traceable
Initial:
ICV + O.ls.u.
Continuing:
CCV + O.ls.u.
Once per quarter
Air calibrate each use; additional calibration
once every three months per manufactures
recommendation
Calibrate balance daily
NIST traceable weights
Total Suspended Solids Calibrate balance daily
NIST traceable weights
Oxygen saturated water;
zero set point; redline
QC standard each run
Blank each set
QC standard each run
Blank each set
+ 0.2 degrees
N.A.
BOD5
Chloride
Calibrate DO Probe with Winkler titration;
monthly or when new membrane installed
COD
Alkalinity
Total - PO4-P
TKN
NH3-N
Nitrite plus Nitrate
QC check sample each
set
Blank each set
Calibrate at start of each run Initial Calibration:
Check calibration after every 10 non-calibration Five point standard
analyses curve, blank, ICV check
Continuing Calibration
Check:
CCV standards every 10
samples
Calibrate at start of each run Initial Calibration:
Check calibration after every 10 non-calibrationFour point standard
analyses curve, blank
Continuing Calibration
Check:
mid-range standard
(CCV) every ten
samples
Calibrate at pH 7, run
check at pH 10, ICV
check
Calibrate at start of each run; Initial Calibration:
Check calibration after every 10 non-calibration Five point standard
analyses curve, blank, ICV check
Continuing Calibration
Check:
CCV standards every 10
samples
Same as PO4-P Same as PO4-P
Calibrate pH meter every run -see above
Same as PO4-P
Same as PO4-P
Same as PO4-P
Same as PO4-P
QCstd within+ 20%
of true value
Blank < MDL
QC std within supplier
specifications
Blank < MDL
QC + 10%
Initial:
Correl. Coeff. >0.995
Blank 0.995
Blank
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Sodium
Calibrate at start of
each run
Check calibration after
every 10 non-calibration
analyses
Initial Calibration: Initial:
Three point standard Correl. Coeff. >0.995
curve, blank, ICV check Blank
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Balances will be calibrated each day with NIST traceable weights. A calibration logbook is
maintained to demonstrate the balances are accurate. Temperature of all refrigerators, ovens, and
incubators will be monitored and recorded in logbooks at the laboratory.
Field blanks will be prepared at the test site and sent to the laboratory with the samples for two
sampling events.
7.3.4 Data Reduction, Handling, and Reporting
7.3.4.1 Reporting Units Requirements
All analytical results will be reported in standard units of mg/L, ug/L, mg, grams, etc. Flow rates
and volumes will be reported as gallons per minute, gallons per day and gallons. Analysis of
solids will clearly indicate if the concentration is on a dry weight or wet weight basis. Table 7-2
shows a summary of the reporting units.
7.3.4.2 Documentation
All of the field and laboratory activities will be thoroughly documented by the use of field
logbooks, chain of custody sheets, laboratory notebooks and bench sheets, and instrument
records.
A field logbook will be maintained at the test site by the TO. Big Fish will maintain the normal
operating log for the facility. Daily activity entries will be made in the logbook documenting
operating conditions, observations, and maintenance activities, if any are needed. Each sample
collected will be noted in the TO logbook and any other pertinent information will be recorded.
Completed pages in the logbook will be signed and dated.
Original chain of custody forms will be sent with all sample(s) sent to the chemical laboratory.
The laboratory will produce a final data report that includes all chemical test results, physical
measurements; QA/QC data for blanks, accuracy (recovery), and precision (percent difference),
and lab control or matrix check samples. Any deviations from the standard protocols will be
discussed in a narrative, any data that does not meet the QA/QC requirements will be flagged,
and a narrative will be prepared discussing the findings of any corrective action.
The laboratory will maintain all logbooks, bench sheets, instrument printouts etc. in accordance
with the laboratory QA/QC Manual. The QA/QC or Laboratory Coordinator will make these
records available for inspection upon request.
7.3.4.3 Document Handling
During the test period, the original field logbook will be kept at the test site. At the end of the test
period, the original logbook will be sent to the NSF VO manager for storage in a secure central
project file. Original laboratory data reports with the original chain of custody will be placed in
the central project file at NSF. Copies of these reports and any electronic data will be sent to the
Project Manager (TO) and QA/QC officer for review. Other copies of the data or logbooks may
be distributed to other project team members.
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7.3.4.4 Data Reduction and Validation
All measurements and analytical results will be reported in units that are consistent with the
methods used, and as shown in Table 7-2. The laboratory analysts will record raw data in
laboratory notebooks or bench sheets using standard formats. Each analytical method will
contain instructions for recording and calculating the results. The laboratory analyst will have
primary responsibility to verify the results recorded are accurate. Data review and QA/QC
review will be the responsibility of the laboratory staff following the standard data review and
verification procedures for the laboratory. Data transcribed for entry to a computerized database
will be checked against the lab bench sheets or instrument printouts. The final data report will be
signed by an authorized laboratory manager/supervisor in accordance with laboratory policy.
The final data reports and any electronic data received by the project team from the laboratory
will be 100% checked. The Project Manager (TO) or designee will cross check 100% of the data
in the final reports from the laboratory with a printout of spreadsheets developed to summarize
the data. The QA/QC officer for the VO (NSF ETV Program), or their designee, will review the
final data reports and all QA/QC information. The QA/QC officer will issue a QA/QC review
report discussing the quality of the data, how it compares to the DQI's, and any data that should
be flagged as invalid or questionable. The VO Project Coordinator will back check 100 % of the
draft verification report data tables and calculations with the laboratory data and spreadsheets
provided by the TO.
7.4 Assessments
At least one field audit will be conducted by the VO (NSF WQPC Manager, NSF QA/QC staff
or designee) during the test. The audit(s) will be to review the sample collection procedures
being used, to observe operation of the unit, condition of the test site, and to review the field
logbook(s). A written report will be prepared by the auditor and submitted to the NSF QA/QC
Officer and the WQPC Manager. At least one lab audit will be performed by the VO (NSF
WQPC Manager, NSF QA/QC staff or designee) during the test to observe sample receipt,
handling, storage, and to confirm proper analytical methods, QA/QC procedures and calibrations
are being used. The on site lab audit may be waived if the laboratory has already been audited by
the NSF QA/QC department for other ETV or related NSF programs.
The contract lab will have an assessment program that includes internal and external audits,
quality reports to management, and other internal checks are part of the system used to ensure
that the QA/QC procedures are being implemented and maintained. The assessment procedures
will be part of the QA/QC program and will be followed during the time the analytical work is
being performed for the verification test.
7.5 Corrective Action
Field related activities that could require corrective action include problems with sample
collection, labeling, and improper entries or missed entries in logbooks, or operational problems
with the unit. The primary person responsible for monitoring these activities will be Dale
Scherger, with external audits by NSF designated staff. If a problem occurs, the problem will be
noted in the field logbook and Mr. Scherger will notify the VO and Big Fish, in the case of unit
operating issues. The problem, once identified, will be corrected. If a change in field protocol
related to sample collection or handling is needed, the change will be approved by the NSF
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Manager. All corrective action will be thoroughly documented and discussed in the Verification
Report.
Laboratory corrective action will be taken whenever:
There is a non-conformance with sample receiving or handling procedures
The QA/QC data indicates any analysis is out of the established control limits
Audit findings indicate a problem has occurred
Data reporting or calculations are determined to be incorrect.
The contract laboratory will have a corrective action plan as part of the laboratory QA/QC
Manual. These procedures will be followed, including notifying the laboratory QA/QC Manager
and the Test Organization. All corrective action will be thoroughly documented and reported to
the Test Organization. All data impacted by a correction will be so noted and a discussion of the
problem and corrective action will be included with the data report.
All corrective actions, either in the field or in the laboratory, will be reported to the Verification
Organization (VO) Project Coordinator. The VO will review the cause of the problem and the
corrective action taken by the TO. The review will include consideration of the impact of the
problem on the integrity of the test, and a determination will be made if the test can continue or if
additional action is needed. Additional action could include adding additional days to the test
period, re-starting the test at day one, or other appropriate action as determined by the VO. The
VO will respond to any notification of corrective action within twenty-four hours of being
notified of the problem. This response can be to continue the testing, cease testing until further
notice, or other appropriate communication regarding the problem. The response by the VO will
be in writing by email, fax, or letter.
8.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
Several types of data will be collected or generated during the testing periods of this VTP.
Quantitative data, including flow data, influent and effluent water quality data, type and amount
of residuals generated, etc., will be measured and reported by the TO and/or the laboratory.
Qualitative data describing the setup, operation, and maintenance of the Big Fish system will be
collected in the field throughout the test period. All of this information will be managed during
the verification using methods outlined in this section. The test results will be analyzed and
presented in the verification report using a standardized approach, which is described in Section
7.3.
8.1 Data Management
The data being collected during this verification will include both manual and electronic data
collection and storage methods. Field and laboratory notebooks will be maintained to document
all activities related to the sampling, operation, and maintenance activities at the site, and to
document sample handling, equipment calibrations, and other related activities in the laboratory.
Laboratory results will be reported in paper reports showing all results and QA findings for each
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set of data. These results will then be entered into Excel spreadsheets for ease of analysis and
storage.
All samples collected in the field or prepared in the laboratory will be assigned a specific
identification number that will be used to track and record the data throughout the collection
analysis, and data reporting steps. The samples collected in the field will have a clear label
supplied by the laboratory. The label will show client name, source of sample or sample name,
date and time of collection, and analyses requested. The chain of custody sheet accompanying
the sample(s) to the laboratory will also show this information. The laboratory data reports will
show the sample identification number assigned by the laboratory, a cross reference to the field
sample associated with the lab ID, and will include copies of the chain of custody forms that
clearly track the sample names from their assignment in the field through the analysis in the
laboratory.
8.1.1 Manual Data Collection
All data collection, observations, and sample records will be written in a field logbook
maintained at the site by field personnel. Copies of these records will then be reviewed by the
Project Manager (TO) or a designee to ensure the records are being properly maintained. At the
end of the verification test, the field log will be sent to the VO to become part of the permanent
record for this verification test.
The laboratory will use laboratory notebooks to record all manual data and related information in
accordance with good laboratory practice and the laboratory QA/QC and SOP documents. The
laboratory logbooks will be available for review by the VO at any time. The laboratory will be
responsible for maintaining and archiving the notebooks and manual records that support the
data reported by the laboratory. The original chain of custody records and any appropriate
supporting documents will be provided to the VO with the data reports. The data reports will
include a discussion of any problems that occurred during the analysis, corrective action taken,
and any other factors that could impact the data. The laboratory reports will include all QA/QC
results, including blanks, spikes, duplicates, check samples, etc., such that the VO can validate
the data and make an independent opinion as to the quality and acceptability of the data.
8.1.2 Electronic Data Collection
The laboratory will provide the analytical results in hard copy reports The data will be entered
into an Excel spreadsheet by the TO. The TO will verify the data in the spreadsheet by
comparing a print out of the spreadsheet with the hard copy results and their supporting
documents prior to release of the data.
Upon receipt of the laboratory reports and spreadsheets, the Project Manager (TO), QA Officer
or their designee will verify the accuracy of the data. A direct comparison of the hard copy data
and the electronic spreadsheet will be made. Any corrections required will be written on the print
out of the spreadsheet and the corrections made to the spreadsheet.
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8.2 Data Analysis and Presentation
All results, including statistical analysis, will be provided in the Verification Report. Any data
that was excluded in statistical analysis will be reported with an explanation as to why it was not
included in the analysis. The data obtained during verification testing will be statistically
analyzed, reduced, and presented in tables, graphs and charts. All raw data will be included as an
appendix to the Verification Report. The statistical methods and any statistical programs used
will be described in the Verification Report. A detailed discussion of the results will accompany
the tables, graphs and/or charts and will be presented in the Verification Report. Conclusions
drawn from the analysis of the test results will be presented in the Verification Report.
8.2.1 Flow Data
Flow data will be collected during the entire verification test period. The total discharge flow for
each day will be summarized in a spreadsheet. The results will be presented in the final report as
a table showing average, maximum and minimum daily flow. The 95% confidence limits will be
calculated. Flow data will also be presented in a graphical format showing total daily flow
plotted against time.
8.2.2 Treatment Performance Quality Data
Valid wastewater quality data obtained during the verification test will be analyzed and
presented as follows:
Tables showing the average, maximum and minimum influent concentration for each
sampling events for the target contaminate list;
Tables showing the average, maximum and minimum effluent concentration for each
sampling event and the removal efficiency for the target contaminate list;
Graphical formats will be used to present influent and effluent water quality results as a
function of time;
Table(s) showing the mass of the residual stream and any water quality data (solids
content and metals); and
Confidence limits (95%) will be presented in the Tables.
8.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Parameters
Results of monitoring operation and maintenance parameters during verification testing shall be
presented in a discussion format. The Verification Report will include a thorough discussion of
any difficulties encountered in operating or maintaining the unit during the verification test.
Discussion will include observations regarding the ease/difficulty of installation, and factors,
such as operator training, presentation clarity in the O&M manual, etc. The TO staff assigned to
monitor the system will prepare a summary report on the operation and maintenance
observations made during the 12-month test. This report will be from an "operators" point of
view and reflect the degree of complexity and difficulty of operating the Big Fish system.
Specific operating parameter presented in the final report will include, but not be limited to:
Time required for startup of the treatment system;
Average monthly personnel time required for maintenance;
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Average monthly lime, polymer, citric acid used; and
Average monthly power consumption.
8.2.4 Equations
The data analysis will include the calculations of removal efficiency and various statistics. The
equations to be used in the data analysis are provided below.
Removal Efficiency
(as percent)
(mg/L influent - mg/L effluent) X 100
(mg/L in the influent)
Sample Mean (Average)
ybar = Iv/n
Where:
ybar is the sample mean
Zv is the sum of the sample values
n is the number of samples
Standard Deviation
= (Z(y-ybar}2 /nf'
Where:
s is the sample standard deviation
y is an individual sample value
ybar is the sample mean
95% Confidence Interval
Where:
ybar
s
n
to/2
and
is the sample mean
is the sample standard deviation
is the number of samples
is the Student's t-distribution with n-1
degrees of freedom, with a/2=0.025
to/2 = 2.068 for n=25
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8.3 Verification Report
The Verification Report will be a document containing all raw and analyzed data, all QA/QC
data sheets, a description of all types of data collected, a detailed description of the testing
procedure and methods, results and QA/QC results. The Report will thoroughly present and
discuss the findings of the verification test, conclusions regarding the performance of the Big
Fish System and make a comparison with the performance goals for the verification test.
It is expected that the Verification Report will contain the following main sections. There may be
some deviation from the order given below in order to present the findings in a clear and precise
manner. Additional sections will added as needed to properly present all of the findings.
Verification Statement
Preface
Glossary
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
Introduction and Background
Description of Technology and Test Site
Experimental Design
Procedures and Methods Used In Testing (summarizing essential information from the
Test Plan)
Results and Discussion
Influent characteristics
Startup
Verification Test Period Results
Limitations
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Appendices
Raw Data
Special Laboratory Procedures - Standard Operating Procedures
QA/QC Manual/Procedures
Vendor O&M Manual
Field logs and supporting documentation as appropriate
Test Plan
Lab reports with QA/QC and Chain of Custody forms
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9.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
Big Fish and the TO will follow the site Health and Safety procedures while operating the
system. In addition, all operators have been trained in proper health and safety procedures for
working at wastewater treatment facilities. The MSDS information for citric acid, lime, and
polymer, the major chemicals used at the facility are available at the Big Fish facility.
The contract laboratory will have a health and safety program in place at the laboratory. The
laboratory will follow the established procedures during all analyses.
10.0 REFERENCES
(1) NSF International, Protocol for the Verification of Wastewater Treatment Technologies,
April 2001, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
(2) United States Environmental Protection Agency: Environmental Technology Verification
Program - Quality and Management Plan for the Pilot Period (1995 - 2000), USEPA/600/R-
98/064, 1998. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(3) NSF International, Environmental Technology Verification - Source Water Protection
Technologies Pilot Quality Management Plan, 2000. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
(4) United States Environmental Protection Agency: Methods and Guidance for Analysis of
Water, EPA 821-C-99-008, 1999. Office of Water, Washington, DC.
(5) United States Environmental Protection Agency: Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water
and Wastes, Revised March 1983, EPA 600/4-79-020
(6) United States Environmental Protection Agency: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste:
Physical/Chemical Methods 3rded- 4 vols., November 1986, Final Update IIB and Proposed
Update III, January 1995.
(7) APHA, AWWA, and WEF: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998. Washington, DC.
(8) United States Environmental Protection Agency: USEPA Guidance for Quality Assurance
Project Plans, USEPA QA/G-5, USEPA/600/R-98-018, 1998. Office of Research and
Development, Washington, DC
(9) United States Environmental Protection Agency, Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives
Process, USEPA QA/G-4, USEPA/600/R-96-055, 1996. Office of Research and
Development, Washington
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Appendix A - Flow and Effluent Water Quality Data
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BIG FISH
OPERATING DATA SUMMARY
pH D.O. Temp BOD TSS P NH3 NO2 NO3 Flow
S.U. ppm Deg F mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 Gal/Month
February 9, 2008
JANUARY 2008
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
7.25 0.4
60
8.1 8.0 61
2557 11000 285.0 72.0 32.0 2.0
26.5 28.0 1.25 1.0 25.0 16.0
98.0 99.75 99.6 86.2
28,942
DECEMBER 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
7.25
7.5
0.4
7.6
60
67
2557
79
97.7
11000
30
98.3
285.0
2.42
99.2
72.0 32.0
53.2 24.0
57.1
2.0
1.8
NOVEMBER 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
7.73
7.83
5.4
7.9
67
67
3600*
84
97.6
11000*330.0*
25
99.8
2.54
99.2
124.0* 23.0
53.2 21.0
57.1
2.0
1.8
OCTOBER 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
7.34
7.67
3.2
5.9
*NOTE - used historical
75.
76.
BOD,
5
6
3600*
89
97.5
TSS, P &
11000*330.0*
15
99.9
2.5
99.2
124.0* 29.4
43.0 26.3
65.3
4.6
7.3
NH3 Influent averages
SEPTEMBER 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
7.42
7.61
0.9
4.9
*NOTE - used historical
81.
81.
BOD,
1
2
3598
150
95.8
TSS, P &
11021
37
99.7
332
2.9
99.1
124.0 26.0
38.5 42.6
70.0
4.0
9.2
NH3 Influent averages
AUGUST 2007
JULY
JUNE
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
7.71
7.74
7.69
7.43
7.11
7.28
1.0
4.9
1.0
4.7
0.0
5.3
81.
81.
81.
78.
73.
74.
7
9
7
9
2
5
3598
108
97.0
3106
210
93.2
3695
148
96.0
11021
99
99.1
6932
266
96.2
9657
228
97.6
332
4.5
98.6
253.0
21.1
91.7
285.2
23.5
91.8
124.0 61.0
51.0 50.0
58.9
101.0
36.5
63.9
25.6
2.7
89.5
6.0
4.0
102,257
89,936
105,864
160,029
153,412
177,720
88,901
MAY 2007
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Influent
Effluent
% Removal
APRIL 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
MARCH 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
FEBRUARY 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
JANUARY 2007
Influent
Effluent
% Removal
6.83
7.62
7.44
7.99
7.36
7.79
7.36
7.78
7.32
7.45
0.0
6.0
1.0
7.3
1.7
8.1
2.3
7.7
1.9
8.2
69.8
67.0
67.1
71.6
64.3
65.2
67.3
65.3
67.9
74.6
3682
81
97.8
3052
111
96.3
4380
96
97.8
3675
73
98.0
1981
112
94.3
9478
228
97.6
14063
207
98.5
13521
115
99.1
12475
132
98.9
9770
195
98.0
260.0
24.7
90.5
507.00
20.2
96.0
652.0
11.4
98.3
32.0
5.8
81.9
143
11.6
91.9
29.0
5.3
81.7
121.0
3.1
97.4
63.0
6.7
89.3
407.0
3.3
99.2
58.0
6.6
88.6
36,464
42,410
25,055
12,985
33,674
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Appendix B - Operating Manual
See separate pdf file
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Appendix C - Photo
See separate photo file
BigFish-Final Test Plan
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