ENERGYSTAR
ENERGY STAR® and Other Voluntary Programs
2003 Annual Report
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION (CPPD)
2003 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Letter from the Assistant Administrator
Executive Summary
Introduction
ENERGY STAR Program
Climate Leaders Program
Clean Energy Programs
Combined Heat and Power Partnership
Green Power Partnership
Methane Programs
Landfill Methane Outreach
Natural Gas STAR
Coalbed Methane Outreach
Agriculture-Based Programs
High GWP Environmental Stewardship Programs
International Climate Protection Award Winners .
Benefits of Voluntary Programs
References
List of Figures and Tables
Companies and Organizations Mentioned in This Report
For additional information, please visit our Web sites at www.epa.gov/cppd
and www.energystar.gov or call the toll-free ENERGY STAR Hotline at
1-888-STAR-YES (1-888-782-7937).
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LETTER FROM THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
September 2004
EPA applauds its partners for their leadership and exemplary efforts to save energy and
ensure a cleaner, healthier environment for all Americans. We congratulate the dedicated
partners working with EPA on climate protection. Together, we are on track to meet
President Bush's goal of an 18-percent reduction in greenhouse gas intensity from the
U.S. economy by 2012.
Americans benefit from EPA's voluntary partnerships in the form of economic savings
and emissions reductions. In 2003, with the help of ENERGY STAR, Americans saved
over $8 billion on their energy bills while preventing greenhouse gas emissions equivalent
to the emissions from 18 million vehicles. These same partnerships helped develop a
national market for energy-efficient products, with more than one billion ENERGY STAR
products sold and billions of square feet of building space improved. In addition, EPA's
national outreach campaign has delivered the energy efficiency message to millions of
households and has helped them make informed choices as consumers.
Great progress has been achieved by partners in other EPA programs as well. The Climate
Leaders Program has added 16 new partners, bringing the total to 52 companies. The
successful Methane Programs have reduced emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas,
to 5 percent below 1990 levels, and we expect the reductions to remain below 1990 levels
through 2020, even with future economic growth. In addition, Environmental Stewardship
Programs that engage specific industries, such as aluminum, electric power, and semi-
conductors, are cost-effectively reducing U.S. emissions of the most harmful greenhouse
gases and encouraging similar voluntary initiatives abroad.
EPA appreciates the commitment of its partners, and we look forward to continued
collaboration as we work to find solutions to the pressing environmental challenges
of our time.
Jeffrey R. Holmstead
Assistant Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
"EPA appreciates
the commitment
of its partners,
and we look
forward to
continued
collaboration as
we work to find
solutions to
the pressing
environmental
challenges
of our time."
—Jeffrey R. Holmstead,
Assistant Administrator,
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
Global climate change is a complex, long-term challenge that will require a sustained effort over
many generations. As President Bush has said, "The policy challenge is to act in a serious and sensible
way, given the limits of our knowledge. While scientific uncertainties remain, we can begin now to
address the factors that contribute to climate change." Wise action now is an insurance policy against
future risks of global climate change. This includes the adoption of leading technologies and practices
that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as enhance the comfort and quality of our homes,
increase the productivity of business, reduce emissions of criteria air pollutants, and improve the
reliability of the nation's power sector.
For more than a decade, businesses and organizations have partnered with EPA through voluntary
climate protection programs to pursue common sense approaches. Each year the environmental and
economic benefits grow, and 2003 was another excellent year.
Highlights of 2003:
• Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, avoided greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those
from 18 million automobiles—up from 15 million in 2002—while saving $8 billion on their
energy bills.
• U.S. methane emissions remained below 1990 levels, as did emissions of the most potent
greenhouse gases—perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofiuorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6)—for the sectors with which EPA partners.
• EPAs new Clean Energy and Climate Leaders programs attracted many new partners and made
great progress in promoting clean energy and comprehensive climate change strategies.
• EPAs climate protection programs remain on track to provide 40 percent of the greenhouse gas
reductions required to meet the President's 18 percent greenhouse gas intensity improvement goal
by 2012. EPAs programs again exceeded their goals for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
in 2003.
Figure ES-1.
Division greenhouse gas emissions avoided
compared to program goals
48
42
I I I
I I I I
I I I I I
I I I I I I
ri i • •11
Additional major environmental and economic
achievements of EPAs climate partnerships as of
2003 are summarized below.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• The partnerships prevented 48 million
metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions
(in MMTCE3) in 2003 alone, equivalent
to the annual emissions from 32 million
automobiles (see Figure ES-1).
• 165,000 tons of nitrogen oxides (NOX) were
prevented in 2003.
• More than 41 MMTCE per year in
greenhouse gas emissions will be avoided
during the next decade due to actions already
taken by partners in these voluntary programs.
'95 '96 '97
YEAR
•98
•99
•00
•01 '02 '03
TARGET ACTUAL
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent
data available.
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
1 Each ofEPA's climate protection partnerships is designed to achieve long-term greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals, which were set through an interagency process in 2001 and
communicated to the Secretariat of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in the U.S. Climate Action Report 2002.
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
• Consumers and business have locked in investments in
energy-efficient technologies exceeding $16 billion.
• Net of their investment in energy-efficient technologies,
consumers and businesses are saving about $89 billion
cumulatively over the next 10 years; they saved in excess of
$8 billion in 2003 alone.
PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS
Every federal dollar spent on these partnership programs
through 2003 means:
• Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 1.0 metric ton of
carbon equivalent (3.7 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2)).
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Savings for partners and consumers of more than $75 on
their energy bills.
• The creation of more than $ 15 in private sector investment.
• The addition of more than $60 into the economy.
The environmental and economic benefits for the key EPA
partnership program areas—ENERGY STAR, Clean Energy
Programs, Methane Programs, and the Environmental
Stewardship Programs for the high global warming potential
(GWP) gases—are summarized in Table ES-1.
Table ES-1.
Summary of the benefits for 2003 and cumulative benefits through 2013 from the actions taken by partners
through 2003 (in billions of 2003 dollars)
BENEFITS FOR 2003
Program
ENERGY STAR
Qualified Products
Buildings
Industry
Net
Savings
$4.5
$3.5
MMTCE
11.7
11.3
4.0
NPVof
Bill Savings
$47.6
$51.6
CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993-2013
NPVof
Technology NPV of Net
Expenditures Savings
$3.1
$9.6
$44.5
$42.0
MMTCE
122
209
na
Clean Energy Programs
0.5
Methane Programs
$0.2
11.5
$6.3
$3.4
$3.0
171
Environmental Stewardship
Programs
TOTAL
$8.2
9.2
48.2
$105.5
$16.1
$89.4
144
651
NPV: Net Present Value
NOTES: Technology Expenditures include O&M expenses for Methane Programs.
Bill Savings and Net Savings include revenue from sales of methane and electricity.
ENERGY STAR qualified homes are included in the Qualified Products totals.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
For details on cumulative benefits, see pages 43-44.
: Not applicable
na: Not available
Program). It does not include emissions reductions attributable to WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the
remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be more than
80 MMTCE in 2003.
3 Reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions for EPA's climate programs, including non-C02 gases, are based on "carbon equivalents," which are determined by weighting the
reductions in emissions of a gas by its global warming potential for a 100-year time period.
4 Based on data from The Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID2002) Version 2.01, released May 2003.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
"Food Lion is an
example of how
a company can
protect the
environment and
meet its business
objectives. As an
ENERGY STAR
partner, Food Lion
is demonstrating
a long-term
commitment to the
environment and to
its bottom line."
—Glenn Dixon,
Senior Vice President of
Corporate Development,
Food Lion
KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR 2003
Climate Leaders
• Since Climate Leaders was launched in early 2002, 52 companies have become partners. Ten of
the partners have already completed corporate-wide greenhouse gas emissions inventories and
20 announced aggressive greenhouse gas reduction goals.
ENERGY STAR
• Americans with the help of ENERGY STAR saved a significant amount of energy in 2003, about
110 billion kilowatt hours (kWh) and 20,000 megawatts (MW) of peak power, the amount of
energy required to power about 20 million homes (See Figure ES-2). They also prevented
greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 18 million automobiles.
* The ENERGY STAR label has become the national symbol for energy efficiency, recognized by
56 percent of the American public.
* To earn the label on products,
manufacturers must meet strict energy
efficiency guidelines set by the federal
government. More than 1,400
manufacturers use the ENERGY STAR
across a total of 28,000 individual product
models in over 40 product categories. To
date, Americans have bought more than
one billion ENERGY STAR qualified
products.
* More than 2,000 builders have constructed
over 200,000 ENERGY STAR qualified
new homes, locking in financial savings
for homeowners that exceed $60 million
annually.
* Close to 5,000 homes have been improved
through Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR, which continues to
grow with the addition of U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE) sponsored pilot programs
in Atlanta, Atlantic City, Austin, Boise,
and Kansas City. This is a whole-house
retrofit program in which certified contractors
recommend, through diagnostic testing,
the most cost-effective, energy-efficient
home improvements for homeowners.
EPAs national energy performance rating system has been used to evaluate almost 19,000 buildings;
17 percent of office buildings, 11 percent of schools, 17 percent of supermarkets, 28 percent of
hospitals, and 6 percent of hotels have been benchmarked. Nearly 1,400 buildings have earned
the ENERGY STAR.
ENERGY STAR for the industrial sector helped improve energy efficiency in four major U.S.
manufacturing industries by publishing final energy guidelines for the corn refining, cement, auto
assembly, and brewing industries. Energy guides provide a review of opportunities for improving
energy efficiency in focus industries.
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Clean Energy
• An additional 143 partners joined EPA's Green Power
Partnership for a total of more than 230 partners committed
to purchasing more than 1 billion kWh of green power
(roughly the annual output of a 425 MW wind farm). EPA
recognized the environmental achievements of Green Power
partners at events in California, Georgia, Illinois, Oregon,
Washington, DC, and Wisconsin.
• The number of partners in the Combined Heat and Power
(CHP) Partnership more than doubled to a total of 116.
EPA facilitated 40 projects in the Midwest and the Northeast,
bringing the capacity of projects assisted to over 850 MWe.
Methane and High Global Warming Potential (GWP)
Environmental Stewardship
• Partnership programs achieved reductions of non-carbon
dioxide (CO2) gases—methane, PFCs, HFCs, and SF6—
totaling an estimated 20.7 MMTCE in 2003 alone.
Through the continuation of these efforts, U.S. methane
emissions are expected to stay below 1990 levels through
2012. In addition, industry commitments, such as the
recently announced magnesium partnership commitment to
eliminate SF6 emissions by 2010, are significantly reducing
emissions of the most potent and persistent gases.
Figure ES-2.
Annual savings in energy use as a
result of CPPD's partnership programs
111
96
63
46
29
10
Er 5
m
5
•95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03
YEAR
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent
data available.
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
EXPECTATIONS FOR 2004 AND BEYOND
The future for EPA's voluntary partnerships is promising, and
EPA has ambitious plans to expand program activities. Proven
strategies and thriving partnerships will promote greater
benefits for businesses, organizations, consumers, and the
environment. In the coming years, EPA plans to:
Climate Leaders
• Welcome 25 additional businesses into Climate Leaders and
have an additional 20 organizations announce corporate
greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals.
ENERGY STAR
• Enhance the value of the ENERGY STAR label for
consumers by adding product specifications for new product
categories such as refrigerated beverage vending machines,
air cleaners, and external power supplies.
• Maintain the integrity of the ENERGY STAR label by
revising specifications where appropriate for products such
as water coolers, telephony, dehumidifiers, and furnaces.
Continue to identify additional product categories for new
specification development or specification review.
• As in the past, continue to build public awareness of
ENERGY STAR and strengthen the ENERGY STAR
brand nationwide.
• Continue to educate consumers and homeowners to be
aware that ENERGY STAR can reduce their home energy
bills by about 30 percent or about $400 annually through
a variety of means, while making a difference for
the environment.
• Increase the market penetration of ENERGY STAR
qualified homes and expand the partner base. Support
new and existing sponsors of the existing home
improvement programs, which include Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR. In addition, build the contractor
infrastructure and explore financing options among
national lenders.
• Offer energy performance ratings and label eligibility for
more building types, including medical office buildings,
bank branches, financial centers, courthouses, warehouse/
storage areas, and residence halls. Continue to promote
superior energy management by providing focused energy
performance rating tools to offices, K-12 schools, hospitals,
hotels, and supermarkets.
• Continue the ENERGY STAR Industrial Sector Focuses
in the automobile manufacturing, brewery, cement
manufacturing, corn refining, glass manufacturing, and
petroleum refining sectors. Add new sector focuses
for the petrochemical, pulp and paper, fruit and vegetable
canning, and sugar processing industries.
5
Measured at the generator terminals.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
To date,
U.S. consumers
have purchased
more than
one billion
ENERGY STAR
qualified products.
Clean Energy
* Welcome 50 new CHP partners and assist 30 new CHP projects representing at least 800 MWe of
CHP capacity.
* Add 170 new Green Power partners, raising total green power purchasing commitments to
1.5 billion kWh of electricity.
Non-C02 Programs
• Maintain methane, PFC, HFC, and SF6 emissions below 1990 levels through effective partnerships
and outreach to the aluminum, magnesium, semiconductor, electric power, landfill, coal mining,
and natural gas industries.
• Assist the aluminum, magnesium, and semiconductor industries with new sector-wide greenhouse
gas emissions reduction goals as part of the President's Climate VISION (Voluntary Innovative
Sector Initiatives: Opportunities Now) initiative.
In implementing these plans, EPA expects to more than double the greenhouse gas emissions
reductions resulting from these voluntary programs to about 120 MMTCE in 2012 (see Figure
ES-3). These programs represent 64 percent of the estimated 185 MMTCE to be avoided by all EPA
climate change programs in 2012.
Figure ES-3.
Annual greenhouse gas emissions avoided can be more
than doubled by 2012
140
'96 '98
YEARS 1995-2013
'02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent data available.
Source: EPA Climate Pn. tnenhips Division
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
EPA CLIMATE PROGRAMS EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE 40% OF ADMINISTRATION'S CLIMATE GOAL
In February 2002, President Bush announced an
aggressive strategy to reduce greenhouse gas intensity
by 18 percent by 2012. By significantly slowing the
growth in greenhouse gas emissions, this policy will
put America on a path toward stabilizing concentrations of
greenhouse gases for the long term, while sustaining
the economic growth needed to finance investments in
a new, cleaner energy structure.
The Bush Administration is strengthening and
expanding EPA's voluntary programs as a key strategy
for achieving the intensity reduction goal. Many
industries have already responded to the new
challenge to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
voluntarily wherever possible.
EPA's voluntary climate protection programs will
contribute a reduction of 45 million metric tons of
carbon equivalent (MMTCE) annually to the President's
18 percent intensity reduction goal by 2012, in addition
to contributing 75 MMTCE to the Administration's
baseline projection. In total, EPA's programs will contribute
120 MMTCE by 2012, as illustrated in Figure 4. These
avoided emissions are in addition to the 65 MMTCE
avoided annually as of 2003 (not shown in Figure 4).
This annual report provides a summary, update, and
outlook for many of the EPA programs that are
expected to deliver these results. The other EPA
programs that contribute to these results primarily
address transportation issues, such as Smart Way,
and can be found at www.epa.gov/air/transport.
"To achieve this goal, our nation must move forward on many fronts, looking at every sector of our economy.
We will challenge American businesses to further reduce emissions.... We will build on these
successes with new agreements and greater reductions."
—President George W. Bush, February 14, 2002
Figure 4.
Projected reductions in greenhouse gas emissions due to Administration Climate Policy
2,400
2,100
•120 MMTCE
180%
Intensity
provement
Goal
Without EPA Programs, post 2002
Administration s Baseline
With EPA Programs
18% Intensity Improvement Goal
02 03 04 05 06 07
YEAR
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
09 10 11 12
Greenhouse gas intensity is the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to economic output (measured by the gross domestic product). For more information on the Administration's
goal, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/cliniatechange.html.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
INTRODUCTION
Global climate change is a complex, long-
term challenge that will require a sustained
effort over many generations. As President
Bush has said, "The policy challenge is to
act in a serious and sensible way, given the
limits of our knowledge. While scientific
uncertainties remain, we can begin now to
address the factors that contribute to climate
change." Wise action now is an insurance
policy against future risks.
A common sense approach for addressing the
risks of global climate change is to promote
the more rapid adoption of existing, improved
energy efficiency and renewable resources
that provide cost-effective opportunities to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition
to reducing emissions, such efforts enhance
the comfort and quality of our homes, increase the productivity of business, reduce emissions of
criteria air pollutants, and improve the reliability of the nation's power sector.
EPA's climate protection programs employ this common sense approach. They promote a broad set of
technologies and practices that significantly reduce emissions of the major greenhouse gases—carbon
dioxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride—from key sources.
The programs provide information, technical assistance, and recognition for environmental leadership
to large and small organizations as they develop strategies and take advantage of proven opportunities
to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The programs also identify opportunities and technologies
appropriate for each of the economic sectors to address the 30 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions
from industry, 27 percent from transportation, 18 percent from commercial buildings, 17 percent
from residential buildings, and 8 percent
from agriculture (see Figure 5).
For more than a decade, businesses and
organizations have partnered with EPA to
pursue these approaches. Each year
the environmental and economic results
grow, and 2003 was another excellent year.
Figure 5.
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector
and by gas
AGRICULTURE
8.4%
In addition, EPA's climate programs
are on target to provide 40 percent of the
greenhouse gas reductions required to meet
the President's 18 percent greenhouse gas
intensity improvement goal by 2012
(see Figure 4).
COMMERCIAL
17.8%
TRANSPORTATION
26.9%
I CO2 83.5% OF TOTAL
Methane/Nitrous Oxide 14.8% OF TOTAL
Ci HFCs, PFCs, Mid SF6 1.B% OF TOTAL
NOTE: Totals may not add to 100% due to independent rounding.
Source: EPA GHG Inventory 2004
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
INTRODUCTION
EPA's public-private partnerships focus on the following
opportunities to take action:
Corporate Commitments. With the introduction of Climate
Leaders two years ago, businesses can now partner with EPA
to reduce their impact on the environment. The Climate
Leaders partners are conducting inventories of their
greenhouse gas emissions and then setting aggressive long-
term reduction goals. They report their progress to EPA
and are recognized for their achievements. The voluntary
greenhouse gas reductions by Climate Leaders partners play an
important part in helping the country reach its greenhouse gas
intensity reduction goal of 18 percent by 2012.
Energy Efficiency. Energy efficiency is an important strategy
for addressing the growing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)
from energy generation and use. More than 85 percent of the
energy consumed in the United States is from the combustion
of fossil fuels, which produces CO2, the dominant greenhouse
gas, as well as criteria air pollutants (see Figure 5).
Energy efficiency—obtaining the identical services or output
such as heating, cooling and lighting for less energy input—
offers significant cost savings to businesses and consumers.
Commercialized technologies and practices are available in the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to improve
efficiency and reduce costs by 20 to 30 percent. The
ENERGY STAR program enables businesses, homeowners,
and others to realize the economic and environmental benefits
of these technologies. Energy efficiency also improves the
reliability of the U.S. power generation system while
enhancing the comfort and affordability of housing and
increasing the profitability of business.
Table 2.
Global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric
lifetimes of greenhouse gases
Greenhouse
Gas
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Source: IPCC1996
Global Warming
Potential
for 100 Years
1
21
310
140- 11,700
6,500 - 9,200
23,900
Atmospheric
Lifetime (years)
50 - 200
12 ±3
120
1.5-264
3,200 - 50,000
3,200
Clean Energy. In addition to using energy more efficiently,
there are ways to make the energy we use cleaner—effectively
breaking the link between increased energy use and harmful
air emissions. Combined heat and power as well as renewable
sources of energy can play larger roles in the U.S. energy mix.
EPA is collaborating with its partners to expand the use of
these technologies.
Methane Programs. Although it is a potent greenhouse gas,
methane is also the major component of natural gas—a much
sought-after clean fuel. When methane emissions are reduced
in a cost-effective manner, the recovered methane represents a
valuable energy source that can be used or sold. The natural
gas, coal, and landfill gas development industries are working
with EPA through partnership and outreach programs to
capture and use methane wherever cost effective.
High GWP Environmental Stewardship. Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs), perfiuorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6) are potent greenhouse gases, and some persist in the
environment for thousands of years. While emitted in smaller
quantities than CO2, these gases are important to address due
to the greater ability of each molecule to trap heat in the
Earth's atmosphere and, in the case of PFCs and SF6, their
long atmospheric lifetimes (see Table 2). Various U.S. industries
are working aggressively with EPA to avoid significant
accumulation of these long-lived chemicals in the atmosphere.
These voluntary programs accelerate the development and
implementation of low-emitting technologies and help
companies use alternative chemicals where technically feasible
and cost effective.
The following sections of this 2003 Annual Report contain
more detailed information about the Climate Protection
Partnerships Division's programs and achievements. Included
are program descriptions, environmental and economic benefits,
and goals for the future. 2003 was another strong year for the
division, and this report reflects the power of voluntary
partnerships to make a difference.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"Lowe's is proud to
offer products that
have earned the
ENERGY STAR.
These are products
that denote the
highest quality and
value, helping our
customers save
money and protect
the environment.
Lowe's shares the
responsibility in
conserving our
valuable natural
resources. We're
proud to promote
the ENERGY STAR
message to our
customers and
employees."
—Bruce Ballard,
Merchandising
Vice President,
Appliances, Lowe's
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS A SMART INVESTMENT
Energy efficiency is well recognized for
providing many benefits. These include:
Cost Savings. American families and
businesses spend $700 billion each year
on energy bills—about the same as is spent
on education. Energy efficiency offers great
potential for reducing these energy costs.
Many homeowners and businesses could use
20 to 30 percent less energy, without sacrificing
features or comfort, through attractive
investments in products and services.
Greenhouse gas reductions. More than
50 percent of the projected national energy
use and CO2 emissions 10 years from now
will come from the use of equipment
purchased between now and then (see Figure
6). Promoting more efficient options could
reduce greenhouse gas emissions substantially
as equipment is naturally retired or replaced.
Energy reliability. By reducing demand,
energy efficiency is a low-cost (2-4 cents/kWh) contributor to system adequacy—the ability of the
electric system to supply the aggregate energy demand at all times—because it reduces the base load
as well as the peak power demand. This reduction in peak power demand can also contribute to system
security—the ability of the system to withstand sudden disturbances—by reducing the load and stress
at various points in the power distribution system, thereby decreasing the likelihood of failures.
Lower natural gas prices. While overall
demand for natural gas in the United
States is rising, the demand for natural
gas is growing the fastest in the electric
power sector, and natural gas prices
continue to increase. Energy efficiency
can be an effective instrument for
slowing electricity consumption and
restraining today's increasing natural gas
prices. It can promote greater stability
and reduce economic risks in the short
and long term (see sidebar on page 11).
Energy security. Between 1973 and
2002, U.S. dependence on foreign oil
rose from about 35 percent to nearly
53 percent of U.S. consumption. During
the same period, the import share of
natural gas rose from less than 5 percent
to more than 15 percent and continues
to rise. Energy efficiency and the use of
renewable energy are environmentally
sound ways to reduce foreign oil and gas
imports and to moderate the effects of
energy price spikes.
Figure B.
More than 50% of projected energy use 10 years
from now will come from equipment purchased
between now and then
COMMERCIAL/ TRANSPORTATION
RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRY
I NEW STOCK PURCHASES
I EXISTING EQUIPMENT STOCK
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ENERGY EFFICIENCY CAN ALLEVIATE THE PRESSURE ON NATURAL GAS MARKETS
Rapidly growing natural gas
demand in the United States and
historically high natural gas prices
are affecting all economic sectors
and causing electric utilities,
regulators, and consumers to
examine the consequences of
these trends on themselves and
on the economy as a whole. They
are posing critical questions about
natural gas markets, policies, and
potential risks. There is interest in
minimizing volatility, keeping
costs from rising even higher, and
avoiding a regional or national
gas crisis in the near future. Many
organizations and policymakers
have already analyzed the current
natural gas market and developed
recommendations for a more
secure, balanced energy future.
According to a recent report by
the National Petroleum Council,
a balanced energy future requires
greater energy efficiency, among
other things.
The National Petroleum Council
reported on the subject of natural
gas markets in the United States
in 1992, 1999, and again in 2003 in
response to a request from the
Secretary of Energy to update the
previous reports. The latest multi-
volume report. Balancing Natural
Gas Policy—Fueling the Demands
of a Growing Economy1 provides
analysis of market dynamics and
makes recommendations for
actions that industry and
government can take to ensure
adequate, reliable energy supplies
for customers in all sectors. The
report identifies conservation and
energy efficiency as important
tools for addressing natural gas
demand concerns. Key findings
related to energy efficiency are
summarized below.
• Between now and 2025, natural
gas demand in the United States
is expected to rise. Much of the
increase will be in the U.S.
power sector, reflecting future
use of recent additions to gas-
fired generation.
• Increased energy efficiency and
energy conservation are
essential short- and long-term
mechanisms for stabilizing
prices and reducing volatility.
Without efficiency gains,
demand in the future will be
significantly higher.
1 Promoting a balanced future
that includes energy efficiency,
development of new sources,
and fuel choice flexibility could
save $1 trillion in natural gas
costs over the next two decades.
Public policy should be made
with the goal of a balanced
energy future in mind.
' Efficiency and flexibility should
be promoted through the use of
market-oriented initiatives and
through consumer education.
In addition, the capability to
generate power from alternate
fuels should be increased.
' Specific measures to encourage
energy efficiency include using
market price signals, reviewing
and upgrading efficiency
standards, identifying best
practices and promoting
their adoption nationwide,
and removing market
inefficiencies in wholesale
markets and in regulatory
structures.
Balancing Natural Gas Policy - Fueling the Demands of a Growing Economy (2003). http://npc. org/
1 1
-------
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
The potential of energy efficiency is not being fully realized nationwide for a variety of reasons. With
relatively low energy prices in the United States, many organizations have focused much less on
energy efficiency improvements and much more on improvements in labor or capital productivity.
While many businesses and homeowners express interest in making energy efficiency investments for
their own buildings and homes, they do not know which products or services to ask for, who supplies
them in their areas, and whether the real energy savings will live up to the claims.
ENERGY STAR
The lack of answers to important questions about energy efficiency shows a large information gap.
The ENERGY STAR program seeks to fill this gap and enable businesses, organizations, and
consumers to realize the cost savings and environmental benefits of energy efficiency investments
through a straightforward, market-based approach:
• Use the ENERGY STAR label to clearly identify which products, practices, new homes, and
buildings are energy efficient—offering lower energy bills and environmental benefits.
Empower decisionmakers by making
them aware of the benefits of
products, homes, and buildings that
qualify as ENERGY STAR and by
providing energy performance
assessment tools and project guidelines
for efficiency improvements.
• Work with retail and service
companies in the delivery chain so
they can easily offer energy-efficient
products and services.
• Partner with regional, state, and local
organizations running energy efficiency
programs to leverage the national
energy efficiency specifications and
public awareness of ENERGY STAR
and achieve more with combined
resources.
'36 fH
Introduced by EPA in 1992 for energy-
efficient computers, the ENERGY
STAR label has been expanded to more
than 40 product categories. Since the mid-1990s, EPA has collaborated with
DOE, which now has responsibility for certain product categories. Efficient
new homes became eligible for the label in 1995. Efficient buildings became
eligible for the label in 1999, when EPA unveiled a new standardized approach
for measuring the efficiency (or energy performance) of an entire building.
The economic and environmental benefits of ENERGY STAR through the
year 2003 are already substantial. More than one billion ENERGY STAR
qualified products have been purchased and billions of square feet of building
space improved. The results across the ENERGY STAR program in terms of
energy saved and greenhouse gas emissions avoided in 2003 are provided in
Table 3. Additional program achievements within the residential, commercial,
and industrial sectors are presented in the sections beginning on page 14.
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
Table 3.
ENERGY STAR Program: Annual Goals and Achievements
Energy
Saved
(Billion kWh)
Emissions
Prevented
(MMTCE)
Energy Saved
(Billion kWh)
Emissions Prevented
(MMTCE)
PROGRAM TOTAL FOR ENERGY STAR
mercial/Residential Buildings
Qualified Products Subtotal
Computers
Monitors
Printers
Copiers
Other Office Equipment
Lighting
Home Electronics
Building Improvements Subtota
4
Industrial Imnrnvpmpnts Total
Results for qualified products from Webber et si, 2004.
1
The kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 20 gigawatts (GWI, based on conservation load factors developed by LBNL (Koomey et al., 19901.
Results for building improvements from Horowitz, 2001.
4
Results for industrial improvements from ICF Consulting, 2004.
NOTE: ENERGY STAR qualified homes are included in the Other category.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
: Not applicable
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
IdMJritfldfeW
LOWE'S COMPANIES, INC.
Mooresville, North Carolina
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2003
For the second year in a row, Lowe's Companies, Inc., won Retail Partner of the Year. Lowe's
determination to integrate ENERGY STAR into all marketing practices paid off in a 31-percent
increase in sales of ENERGY STAR qualified products in 2003. These sales will save Lowe's
customers nearly $500 million in energy costs over the life of the products, while eliminating one million tons of air emissions
from the environment. Lowe's spread the ENERGY STAR message far and wide through national broadcast TV ads that
achieved nearly 156 million impressions in over 90 markets; an in-store signage initiative across all 925 home improvement
stores and 45 states that reached more than 9 million customers per week; and a variety of other marketing efforts such as
circulars, direct mail, and Internet—including a newsletter dedicated to ENERGY STAR sent to 1.2 million registered Lowe's.com
users. Together, these activities have contributed to an unparalleled level of ENERGY STAR outreach, awareness, and national
benefits. (For a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2003, see page 22.)
-------
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"When Pardee
Homes embraced
energy-efficient
building, we
wholeheartedly
embraced the
ENERGY STAR
program. Not only
does it deliver a
solid, energy-smart
house, but
ENERGY STAR
has a name and
reputation that
we 're extremely
proud to be
associated with."
—Joyce Mason,
Vice President
of Marketing,
Pardee Homes
ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
ENERGY STAR continues to flourish as a powerful platform for delivering energy efficiency to
homeowners across the country. Major highlights of 2003 include:
Building and expanding partnerships with manufacturers to add new products that can earn
the ENERGY STAR label. EPA is committed to updating performance specifications for products in
cases where technology has advanced and updates are necessary to maintain the value of ENERGY
STAR. In 2003, EPA updated the specifications for ceiling fans, roof products, and ventilating fans.
By the end of 2003, more than 1,400 manufacturers were ENERGY STAR partners, using the label
on more than 28,000 product models.
Building consumer awareness of the ENERGY STAR label as the national government-backed
Symbol for energy efficiency. Recent surveys, including a 2003 household survey fielded by the
Consortium for Energy Efficiency, show that 56 percent of consumers nationwide recognize the
ENERGY STAR, a jump from 40 percent in previous years. In addition, a majority of consumers
report that the label influenced their
purchasing decisions, and more than
60 percent would recommend
ENERGY STAR to a friend. Some
of the growth in awareness is the result
of EPAs recent national public awareness
campaign. The "Change" campaign,
which ended in 2003, garnered more
than $17 million in equivalent ad
value through print, radio, and
television placements that reached
more than one billion consumers.
Expanding the number of ENERGY
STAR qualified homes nationwide.
Homes that earn the ENERGY STAR
label provide comfort, value, and
savings to homeowners and increased
profits for homebuilders, while
protecting the environment. By the
end of 2003, more than 200,000
homes had earned the ENERGY
STAR, saving Americans more than
$60 million in energy costs annually.
CHANGE FORTHE
ENERGY STAR
SEA GULL LIGHTING PRODUCTS, INC.
Riverside, New Jersey
In 1919, Sea Gull Lighting Products, Inc., started as a small Philadelphia lighting specialty
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2003 store with a single workbench. In 2003, Sea Gull Lighting embraced technology that will light
the homes of future generations. In 2003, Sea Gull Lighting distinguished itself through
product design, innovation, and the number of qualified products, as well as through its participation in national promotions,
new construction marketing, and retail showroom promotions. The company's dedication to ENERGY STAR was clear when it
launched a full line of products—from chandeliers to wall sconces to ceiling fans—thus allowing builders and homeowners to
choose fixtures from a single source for the entire home. Sea Gull's 2003 marketing efforts included producing a dedicated
600-square-foot display of ENERGY STAR qualified products for the industry's largest trade show and distributing a dedicated
ENERGY STAR qualified products catalog. The company also marketed to consumers using point-of-sale materials, direct mail,
and an ENERGY STAR training session at its national sales meeting. Sea Gull Lighting Products has been a true industry leader.
(For a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2003, see page 22.)
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM A HOME CAN EXCEED THOSE FROM A PASSENGER VEHICLE
Most people know that their
vehicle—whether it is a car, truck,
SUV, or minivan—emits gases
into the air. They can see the
exhaust from tailpipes when they
drive, and in many states, owners
are required to have vehicles
tested periodically to ensure they
meet emissions standards. In
contrast, most people do not
realize that their home also
causes air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions. They
do not see these emissions
because the majority arise from
fossil fuel combustion at the
power generation source, not at
the home itself. The fact is that the
average single-family house in the
United States can cause twice as
many greenhouse gas emissions
as the average passenger vehicle.
Figure 7.
Greenhouse gas emissions
AVERAGE HOME
AVERAGE VEHICLE
A recent analysis showed that
while the average vehicle emits
around 3,000 Ibs. of carbon9 per
year, the typical single-family
house can cause 6,200 Ibs. or
more of carbon per year to be
released into the air.
EPA believes that if Americans
become more aware of the
magnitude of the emissions
caused by their homes and the
impact on the environment, they
will take a more active role in
managing their household energy
use. Because power generation
for homes is a large source of
carbon emissions, every energy-
saving measure at home helps
prevent greenhouse gas
emissions and air pollution.
EPA seeks ways to improve the
efficiency of homes, as well as the
efficiency of vehicle use.
FIVE STEPS THAT EVERYONE CAN TAKE AT HOME TO REDUCE AIR EMISSIONS:
1. CHANGE FIVE LIGHTS. Replace the five most frequently used lights, or the bulbs in them, with ones
that have earned the ENERGY STAR to save energy and lower emissions.
2. LOOK FOR PRODUCTS THAT HAVE EARNED THE ENERGY STAR. When shopping for lighting, home
electronics, heating and cooling equipment, and appliances, ask about ENERGY STAR qualified
products.
3. HEAT AND COOL SMARTLY. Improve your home's performance by servicing equipment annually, using
programmable thermostats, and replacing old equipment with ENERGY STAR qualified models.
4. SEAL UP THE HOUSE. Seal air leaks around drafty windows and doors, add insulation to attics, and buy
ENERGY STAR qualified windows when replacing older ones to improve comfort in your home and
save energy.
5. TELL FAMILY AND FRIENDS. Help spread the word that energy efficiency is important—it benefits your
home, lowers your utility bills, and makes a difference in your environment.
Together, these energy-saving measures at home can add up to sizeable benefits for everyone in the form of lower
energy bills and fewer air emissions. Consider this: If one room in every U.S. household were brightened by
ENERGY STAR qualified lighting, the annual greenhouse gas savings would be equivalent to preventing the
emissions from more than 8 million cars. For more information, visit www.energystar.gov
Memo from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to U.S. EPA, April 2004.
C02 is the predominant greenhouse gas, accounting for 83.5percent of total emissions (see Figure 5).
-------
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
Program growth has been exceptional with over 100-percent growth during each of the past 3 years
and more than 20 percent market penetration in key markets such as Phoenix, Las Vegas, Southern
California, and parts of Texas. New Jersey, New England, and the Midwest also have large
concentrations of ENERGY STAR qualified homes. Some 2,000 builder partners have joined
ENERGY STAR, recognizing its market value. The nation's 10 largest homebuilders are now
ENERGY STAR partners, and 23 of the top 25 builders offer ENERGY STAR qualified homes.
Reaching more consumers with ENERGY STAR Home Improvement. EPA continued to expand its
work in residential energy efficiency improvements, promoting its whole-house retrofit program
called Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. This whole-house improvement program
emphasizes home diagnostics and evaluation, improvements made by a trained technician, and a
strong quality assurance program. This year DOE provided more than $500,000 in seed money to
establish Home Performance with ENERGY STAR in five pilot areas: Atlantic City (New Jersey),
Kansas City (Missouri), Austin (Texas), Atlanta (Georgia), and Boise (Idaho).
In addition, existing Home Performance with ENERGY STAR projects continued to flourish in
2003. Under the leadership of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
(NYSERDA), more than 4,000 Home Performance with ENERGY STAR jobs were completed in
2003, achieving an average savings of 350 therms and 600 kWh per job per year. The state of
Wisconsin, under its Focus on Energy Program, has completed work in more than 800 homes.
Similar programs in California and Kansas City continue to grow. Working with the Building
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGYSTAR
NEVADA ENERGY STAR PARTNERS
Las Vegas, Nevada
The Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners—a unique group of more than 35 home builders, home
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2003 energy raters, utilities, and other organizations—were recognized for their outstanding
commitment to promoting ENERGY STAR in the fast-growing Las Vegas housing market.
The Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners' 2003 effort was designed to promote consumer awareness of ENERGY STAR and increase
the number of ENERGY STAR qualified homes sold in Las Vegas. The 13-week multimedia campaign, including an ENERGY
STAR month for the State of Nevada, resulted in a 16-percent increase in consumer awareness and a 16-percent increase in
sales of ENERGY STAR qualified homes in the Las Vegas Valley. Consumer awareness of ENERGY STAR qualified homes
reached 76 percent, and the number of ENERGY STAR qualified homes jumped to 46 percent of the estimated 24,000 new
homes built in Las Vegas. More than one-third of all new home communities in the Las Vegas Valley now feature ENERGY
STAR qualified homes; and Summerlin, the largest master-planned community in the United States, is now committed to
building only ENERGY STAR qualified homes. (Fora complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2003, see page 22.)
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
Performance Institute (BPI) as well as the National
Association for Technician Excellence (NATE), EPA
supported the growing number of professionals trained to
understand how parts of the home work together to maintain
comfort while reducing energy use and energy bills.
Through ENERGY STAR Home Sealing, contractors and
homeowners are learning about the need to seal air openings
to the outside while properly insulating walls and attics. When
combined with ENERGY STAR qualified windows, this
sealed "home envelope" keeps conditioned air within the
living space. EPAs seasonal ENERGY STAR Cool Change
Campaign promotes this "systems" approach for heating and
cooling systems.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Update performance specifications for programmable
thermostats. EPA will also add residential air cleaners and
external power supplies (cordless phone or cell phone
charger, for example) to the ENERGY STAR suite of
qualifying residential products.
• Continue to build consumer awareness of ENERGY STAR,
particularly through focused national campaigns for lighting
products, home electronics, and cooling equipment, with
the goal of raising awareness of the label to more than
70 percent over the next several years.
• Launch a new public service campaign directing consumers
to five simple steps they can take to help reduce energy use
at home and prevent greenhouse gas emissions.
• Work with retail partners, utilities, and states in broad
consumer promotions of ENERGY STAR qualified
products and new homes.
Collaborate with homebuilders and champions to build,
test, and label 165,000 additional new homes as ENERGY
STAR. To help achieve this goal, EPA will expand its new
homes-related outreach to 18 markets and distribute its new
CD-based sales tool kit for builders to help sell ENERGY
STAR qualified homes.
Promote ENERGY STAR lighting fixtures to ENERGY
STAR builder partners. Examine whether an indoor air
quality label on an ENERGY STAR qualified home will
help builders further differentiate themselves in the market.
Support Home Performance with ENERGY STAR in
Atlanta, Atlantic City, Austin, Boise, Kansas City, and
St. Louis by developing a national sales training course and
marketing strategies tailored to these metropolitan areas. In
collaboration with DOE and the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD), EPA will
establish a $ 1 million grant with a technician certification
and contractor accreditation organization to help develop
the national technician infrastructure for Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR. EPA will target five
more metropolitan areas in which to establish and develop
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR.
Expand home improvement programs to promote in-home
services such as ENERGY STAR home sealing, duct sealing,
and proper installation and maintenance of heating and
cooling equipment. One key component involves increasing
the number of trained contractors to perform these services.
ENERGY STAR will continue to work closely with NATE
to expand the number of qualified HVAC technicians who
understand energy efficiency and the advantages of proper
installation and maintenance of ENERGY STAR qualified
HVAC equipment.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGY STAR
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2003
THE CALIFORNIA INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES
Pacific Gas and Electric Company- San Francisco
San Diego Gas and Electric - San Diego
Southern California Edison - Rosemead
Southern California Gas Company - Los Angeles
The California ENERGY STAR New Homes Program is a statewide initiative, jointly implemented by California's Investor-Owned
Utilities (lOUs), that committed an impressive 17 percent market share for ENERGY STAR qualified homes across the state, or
32,000 qualified homes in 2003. The program offers technical training and incentives to encourage builders to construct both
single-family and low-rise multifamily homes that earn the ENERGY STAR. Its effectiveness can be attributed to a smart
marketing and implementation strategy tailored to a large, highly diverse state. For consistency, the lOUs use one builder
brochure and application and advertise jointly statewide. In 2003, they reached 50,000 building professionals. To connect with
consumers individually, each utility creates specialized point-of-sale materials (brochures, direct mail pieces, etc.) for customers
in their respective service territories. The California lOUs are also helping to increase demand for ENERGY STAR qualified
major appliances. Through the second quarter of 2003, California achieved 55 percent market share for ENERGY STAR qualified
dishwashers, 34 percent market share for qualified residential air conditioners, 28 percent for qualified refrigerators, and
27 percent for qualified clothes washers. (Fora complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2003, see page 22.)
-------
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"The University of
Michigan is
committed to
a policy of
environmental
stewardship.
ENERGY STAR is
a key example of
how the University
accomplishes its
goal of excellent
stewardship of the
environment
through energy
efficiency."
—Richard W. Robben, P.E.
Director of Plant
Operations,
University of Michigan
ENERGY STAR IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
To promote improved energy performance in 2003, EPA continued to offer businesses and other
organizations a strategy for superior energy management, as well as standardized measurement tools
to assist in this effort. According to research conducted by Innovest, organizations that improve
energy performance outperform their competitors by as much as 10 percent on net operating income.
Regardless of age and technology, top-performing buildings use four times less energy than those that
are at the bottom of the performance scale.
In 2003, ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector continued:
Expanding commitments to successful energy management. In 2003, many new businesses and
organizations committed to implementing a strategy for superior energy management. For example,
the number of new partners in the education and health care sectors doubled and tripled, respectively.
• About 13,000 organizations, including small businesses, now work with EPA to improve their
energy management practices.
ENERGY STAR partners represent more than 12 billion square feet, which accounts for
approximately 18 percent of the commercial building market.
Encouraging continuous
improvement. EPA has developed a
proven energy management strategy for
its ENERGY STAR partners. Based on
building science, this strategy assists
organizations in achieving twice the
savings for a given level of investment
as traditional methods would achieve.
It includes a 5-stage approach to
building upgrades, which encompasses
recommendations for building tune-up,
product procurement, and capital-
intensive projects.
• These efforts have saved 55.7 billion
kWh to date, according to EPA
estimates.
Promoting the use of standardized
measurement tools. EPA's national
energy performance rating system has
been used to evaluate almost 19,000
buildings; 17 percent of office buildings,
11 percent of schools, 17 percent of
supermarkets, 28 percent of hospitals,
and 6 percent of hotels have been
benchmarked. This performance rating
for buildings, launched in 1999,
measures how well the systems of a
building are integrated and how well
the building is operated and maintained. By comparing the energy use of an individual building
against the national stock of similar buildings using an objective 1 to 100 point rating system, the
rating fills an important measurement gap. No consistent or comparable metric existed prior
to EPA's system.
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
• Almost 19,000 buildings representing more than 3.2 billion
square feet (or 15 percent of the total eligible market) have
had their energy performance rated.
• EPA now provides the commercial market with the
capability to rate buildings representing more than
40 percent of the sector's carbon emissions.
• In 2003, the number of K-12 schools using the energy
performance rating continued to grow; this sector now
has the highest number of buildings with ratings.
• Also in 2003, EPA expanded ENERGY STAR to include
commercial new construction. Encouraging the design of
energy-efficient buildings will further reduce the air
pollution and greenhouse gas emissions caused by
commercial building energy use. Using EPA's performance
rating tool and other guidance, architecture firms can now
set an energy use target for whole-building performance
and design buildings to be among the most efficient in
the country.
Providing recognition for top performing buildings.
EPA offers the ENERGY STAR label as a way to distinguish
buildings that are top energy performers—those that score
in the top 25 percent on the rating system while meeting
industry standards for indoor air quality.
• Almost 1,400 buildings, representing about 325 million
square feet, have been labeled to date.
• More buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in 2003—
almost 500—than any previous year. The percentage of
repeat labeled buildings increased as well.
• The supermarket/grocery store sector doubled the number
of labeled buildings in 2003.
Building partnerships with interested third-party
organizations. In 2003, EPA continued to reach out to
interested organizations to provide clear, accurate information
to energy end-users about opportunities for improved energy
performance. These organizations include energy service
providers, utilities, state energy groups, and public benefits
funds administrators. By the end of 2003, almost 30 energy
efficiency program sponsors across the United States were
partnering with EPA to offer resources to end-user customers,
enabling them to be more energy efficient.
Some highlights from third-party collaborations include:
• NSTAR, a major New England utility, launched an
initiative to its large commercial customers that integrates
EPA's energy performance rating system with the utility's
ongoing energy efficiency programs.
• The State of New York began using ENERGY STAR to
market energy efficiency in K-12 schools and the
commercial real estate market.
• The Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) began
using EPA's energy performance rating in the screening
process for its new Building Performance Services pilot
program.
• The Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE), a national
member organization composed of public energy efficiency
program administrators, launched a new working group
devoted to linking ENERGY STAR with commercial energy
efficiency programs throughout the country.
• Service and Product Providers (SPPs) increased their
activities. In 2003, SPPs helped benchmark more than
1,100 buildings. They also assisted in labeling 250 buildings,
slightly more than half of the buildings labeled for the year.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGYSTAR
GIANT EAGLE, INC.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Giant Eagle, Inc., has grown to be the number one supermarket retailer in the region, with
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2003 131 corporate and 84 independently owned and operated stores in western Pennsylvania
and parts of Ohio, West Virginia, and Maryland. The company has demonstrated its
commitment to energy management throughout the organization, up to the highest levels. Its Conservation Department,
responsible for addressing all energy and environmental concerns for the company, reports directly to the President of Giant
Eagle. Approved by senior management, its strategic energy management program is comprehensive and quantifiable. It
focuses on energy-saving technologies, benchmarking energy performance, and monitoring facility energy use. Giant Eagle has
set an energy goal to achieve and maintain the ENERGY STAR status for 80 percent of its corporate stores by FY 2005. The
company is well on the way to achieving this goal, having benchmarked close to 100 stores and earned the ENERGY STAR on
17 of them. Giant Eagle also demonstrates its commitment to improving energy performance company wide by purchasing
wind power, designing stores that incorporate skylights for daylighting, installing remote-communicating energy management
system controls in nearly every store, and proactively upgrading stores with white roofing, occupancy sensors, and variable
frequency drives on HVAC units. (For a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2003, see page 22.)
-------
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"3M is committed to
achieving business
success within the
framework of our
environmental,
social, and
economic values.
ENERGY STAR'S
strategic approach
to energy
management helps
us address our
values, meet
customer
expectations, and
achieve our energy
and environmental
goals."
—James T. Mahan,
Senior Vice President
of Engineering,
Manufacturing and
Logistics Operations, 3M
Reaching out to strategic businesses/organizations.
• Educated more than 5,000 leading institutional investors focusing on socially responsible investing
to establish the link between good environmental performance and long-term financial success.
• Relationships with 12 major Wall Street financial institutions, including Dreyfus, Neuberger
Herman, The Calvert Group, and many others resulted in more than $4 billion in assets-under-
management that include ENERGY STAR performance in the evaluation criteria used to determine
institutional investment options.
• In collaboration with The Conference Board, hosted the first-ever senior-level strategic energy
management conference in New York City, drawing over 150 senior managers.
Adding new products for the commercial sector that can earn the ENERGY STAR label.
In 2003, EPA added commercial fryers, steam cookers, and hot food holding cabinets to the growing
list of qualifying commercial products.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Promote continuous improvement and recognition opportunities tied to that improvement by
launching a new initiative, ENERGY STAR Leaders, to honor partners that set a baseline for their
organization-wide energy use and achieve 10-, 20-, and 30-point reductions in energy use
(compared to the baseline) across their portfolios.
• Offer energy performance ratings and label eligibility for more building types, including medical
office buildings, bank branches, financial centers, courthouses, warehouse/storage areas, and
residence halls. With this expansion, the rating system will apply to more than 50 percent of the
building space across the country.
• Facilitate hosting of EPAs energy performance rating system by third parties, with the goal of
making it easier for companies to benchmark their customers' facilities using their own energy
tracking software.
• Distinguish new construction projects whose estimated energy performance for their design meets
EPA criteria as "Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR." Once constructed, these buildings would
be eligible for ENERGY STAR after maintaining superior performance for one year.
• Collaborate with developers of international corporate sustainability indices to include
improvement against a facility's energy performance baseline as a major energy performance
criterion. Among these indices are the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) and the FTSE4Good
Index series developed by the Financial Times/London Stock Exchange (FTSE).
• Update performance specifications for exit signs. EPA will also add vending machines and external
power supplies to the ENERGY STAR suite of qualifying commercial products.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGYSTAR
PROVIDENCE HEALTH SYSTEM
Seattle, Washington
Providence Health System, sponsored by the Sisters of Providence religious community and
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2003 the Little Company of Mary Sisters, provides a comprehensive array of non-profit healthcare
services across Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Southern California. Upon joining the
partnership in 1999, the President and CEO challenged energy managers to uphold Providence's core value of environmental
stewardship by using ENERGY STAR to save energy and reduce air emissions. Providence hospitals began using the ENERGY
STAR Buildings Manual and EPA's energy performance rating system as the backbone of its energy management efforts.
Providence engineers regularly track and manage facility energy performance, set goals, and rank facilities by their energy
intensity to prioritize improvement plans. Senior executives highlight energy savings and provide incentives for achievements.
Providence's combined savings in energy is equivalent to more than $28 million in new business. (For a complete list of
ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2003, see page 22.)
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Through ENERGY STAR, EPA is helping manufacturers
identify the best in energy performance for their organizations
and is assisting them in developing strategic approaches to
energy management. These strategies are built on the principles
of organizational commitment and continuous improvement.
A strong corporate energy management program with
sustained progress and decisionmaking leads to a better
environment and improved financial health for a company.
Integral to this support, EPA convenes Industry Focuses. An
Industry Focus is a targeted effort to improve energy efficiency
within a specific manufacturing sector. Industry Focuses
create momentum for continuous improvement in energy
performance, provide the tools needed to achieve greater
success in corporate energy management, and create a
supportive environment where ideas and opportunities are
shared. In 2003, EPA initiated several Industry Focuses,
enhanced the networking opportunities for partners from all
sectors, and supported all industries in their efforts to manage
energy strategically.
In 2003, ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector:
* Strengthened existing Industry Focuses in the automobile,
corn refining, brewing, and cement industries.
• At the request of the auto manufacturers, held the second
annual Energy Efficiency Focus to exchange energy-efficient
practices for auto plants, discuss new methods for reducing
energy use in paint booths, and review use of the Energy
Performance Indicator (EPI) for automotive assembly plants.
Representatives from more than 75 percent of U.S. assembly
production participated.
• Published final energy guides for the auto assembly, brewing,
cement, and corn refining industries. Energy guides describe
opportunities for improving energy efficiency in Focus industries.
* Collaborated with the corn refining industry to create an
initial EPI—a tool that enables company managers to
measure and assess the energy performance of corn
refineries, compare results against those of their peers, track
improvement over time, and prioritize efforts and resources.
s Conducted an energy efficiency Focus with the wet corn
milling industry. Participating companies represented more
than 90 percent of the production capacity in this sector.
• Introduced the Industry Focus concept to the
pharmaceutical and petroleum industries and obtained
agreement to proceed.
* Initiated an energy management guide for the new
petroleum refining Industry Focus. Worked with technology
specialists, industry experts, and partners to gather resource
material.
• Created opportunities for partners from all industry sectors
to share effective energy management strategies and to
improve energy efficiency by hosting one in-person and 10
Web conferences.
* Finalized and published Guidelines for Energy Management
and disseminated the document to partners from all sectors
to enable them to build world-class, strategic, corporate
energy management programs that sustain energy reductions
and produce positive results for the environment.
• Coordinated with the Portland Cement Association and the
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers to identify pathways
for achieving these industries' Climate VISION commitments.
In 2004, EPA will:
* Convene energy efficiency Industry Focuses with the
pharmaceutical and petroleum industries.
* Conduct the third annual ENERGY STAR Energy
Efficiency in Automobile Manufacturing Industry Focus
meeting in Georgetown, Kentucky. Organize a half-day
meeting with the paint suppliers to develop a plan for
reducing energy use in auto painting.
• Hold the second annual ENERGY STAR Energy Efficiency
in Corn Refining Industry Focus in Indiana.
• Develop an initial EPI tool for the pharmaceutical industry
to test.
Increase partner networking opportunities and participation
by raising the frequency of Web conferences and expanding
the discussion topics.
• Plan a senior executive corporate energy management
leadership summit in spring 2005.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
ENERGY STAR AWARD WINNERS FOR 2003
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
RETAILER
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
Mooresville, North Carolina
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS
GE Consumer Products
Fairfield, Connecticut
Good Earth Lighting, Inc.
Wheeling, Illinois
Gorell Enterprises, Inc.
Indiana, Pennsylvania
Lennox Industries Inc.
Richardson, Texas
Sea Gull Lighting Products, Inc.
Riverside, New Jersey
SYLVANIA
Danvers, Massachusetts
Whirlpool Corporation
Benton Harbor, Michigan
EXCELLENCE IN APPLIANCE
RETAILING
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Hoffman Estates, Illinois
NATIONAL PRODUCT
CAMPAIGN AWARD
Ace Hardware Corporation
Oak Brook, Illinois
Efficiency Vermont and
Partners Green Mountain
College, the Village of
Poultney, Vermont, and
Williams Hardware
Burlington, Vermont
The Home Depot
Atlanta, Georgia
Maytag Corporation
Newton, Iowa
Panasonic
Secaucus, New Jersey
Southern Minnesota Municipal
Power Agency
Rochester, Minnesota
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE IN
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Food Lion, LLC
Salisbury, North Carolina
General Motors Corporation
Detroit, Michigan
Mines
Houston, Texas
Servidyne Systems, LLC
Atlanta, Georgia
LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
3M
St. Paul, Minnesota
Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, New York
Fremont Unified School District
Fremont, California
Giant Eagle, Inc.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Providence Health System
Seattle, Washington
Transwestern Commercial
Services
Houston, Texas
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, Texas
EXCELLENCE IN SERVICE
PROVIDER PERFORMANCE
ei3 Corporation
Montvale, New Jersey
EXCELLENCE IN BUSINESS
OUTREACH
American Hotel & Lodging
Association
Washington, DC
EXCELLENCE IN
EFFICIENT HOMES
David Powers Homes
Houston, Texas
D.R. Wastchak, LLC
Tempe, Arizona
Ence Homes
St. George, Utah
Energy Services Group
Wilmington, Delaware
Engle Homes Colorado,
a division of TOUSA Homes, Inc.
Englewood, Colorado
MaGrann Associates
Moorestown, New Jersey
Nevada ENERGY STAR
Partners
Las Vegas, Nevada
Pardee Homes
Los Angeles, California
Pulte Homes Nevada
Operations
Las Vegas, Nevada
Veridian Homes
Madison, Wisconsin
EXCELLENCE IN ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
The California Investor-Owned
Utilities
Pacific Gas and Electric
Company
San Francisco, California
San Diego Gas and Electric
San Diego, California
Southern California Edison
Rosemead, California
Southern California Gas
Company
Los Angeles, California
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, Texas
The Institute for Sustainable
Energy at Eastern
Connecticut State University
Willimantic, Connecticut
Minnesota Power, an ALLETE
Company
Duluth, Minnesota
Nevada Power Company &
Sierra Pacific Power
Company
Las Vegas and Reno, Nevada
New England Joint
Management Committee
New York State Energy
Research and Development
Authority (NYSERDA)
Albany, New York
Northeast Energy Efficiency
Partnerships, Inc. (NEEP)
Lexington, Massachusetts
Northwest Energy Efficiency
Alliance
Portland, Oregon
Oncor Electric Delivery Company
Dallas, Texas
Sacramento Municipal Utility
District
Sacramento, California
Vermont ENERGY STAR
Homes Service, Vermont
Energy Investment
Corporation
Burlington, Vermont
Vermont Gas Systems
South Burlington, Vermont
Wisconsin's Focus on Energy
Program
Madison, Wisconsin
SPECIAL RECOGNITION-
TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE
Architectural Energy Corporation
Boulder, Colorado
SPECIAL RECOGNITION-
ADVANCEMENT OF PC ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Dell, Inc.
Round Rock, Texas
Intel Corporation
Santa Clara, California
SPECIAL RECOGNITION-
ENERGY STAR MILLION
MONITOR DRIVE
Fairfax County Public Schools
Fairfax, Virginia
Indoor Environmental Services
Sacramento, California
The Procter and Gamble
Company
Cincinnati, Ohio
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
VP Buildings, Inc.
Memphis, Tennessee
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Bentonville, Arkansas
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
CLIMATE LEADERS PROGRAM
CLIMATE LEADERS
EPA launched the Climate Leaders program in February 2002
as part of the Presidents Climate Change Strategy to challenge
individual companies to demonstrate leadership by setting
aggressive greenhouse gas reduction goals for their sector.
Companies that join the partnership enjoy a number of
benefits from understanding and managing their greenhouse
gas emissions, including increased identification of cost-
effective reduction opportunities and strategic preparation for
the future as the climate change policy debate evolves. Last
year, the program continued to grow, expanding from the
original 12 Charter Partners to include a number of leading
companies across industrial sectors. Climate Leaders partners
set corporate-wide greenhouse gas reduction goals and conduct
annual inventories of their emissions to measure progress.
In 2003, Climate Leaders:
• Welcomed 16 new companies as partners for a total of
52 partners.
• Had 13 companies announce greenhouse gas reduction
goals, joining the seven companies that announced goals in
2002 for a total of 20 Climate Leaders partners with
publicly stated goals.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Recruit 25 additional businesses.
• Announce 20 additional corporate greenhouse gas emissions
reduction goals.
"Staples has a long-standing commitment to
environmental excellence, and we're pleased
to participate in EPA's Climate Leaders
Program. Climate Leaders will afford us the
opportunity to assess all of our current
operations with respect to greenhouse gas
emissions—both the emissions we release
directly into the environment and the
secondary emissions associated with our
power procurement. We will then develop
short- and long-range goals to reduce
these emissions."
—Mark F. Buckley, Vice President
Environmental Affairs, Staples
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GOALS
The targets announced to date will prevent a
total of 7.5 MMTCE per year. These reductions
are equivalent to the annual emissions from
5 million cars.
Partner Goals Announced in 2003:
• 3M pledged to reduce total U.S. greenhouse gas
emissions by 30 percent from 2002 to 2007.
• Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., pledged to reduce
global greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent
per Manufacturing Index from 2002 to 2007.
• American Electric Power pledged to reduce total
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 4 percent
below an average 1998-2001 base year by 2006.
• Cinergy Corp. pledged to reduce total U.S. greenhouse
gas emissions by 5 percent from 2000 to 2010.
• Eastman Kodak Company pledged to reduce total
global greenhouse gas emissions by 10 percent
from 2002 to 2008.
• FPL Group pledged to reduce U.S. greenhouse
gas emissions by 18 percent per kWh from 2001
to 2008.
• Interface, Inc., pledged to reduce U.S. greenhouse
gas emissions by 15 percent per unit of production
from 2001 to 2010.
• International Paper pledged to reduce total
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 15 percent
from 2000 to 2010.
• Johnson & Johnson pledged to reduce total
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 14 percent
from 2001 to 2010.
• Pfizer, Inc., pledged to reduce global greenhouse
gas emissions by 35 percent per dollar of revenue
from 2000 to 2007.
• PSEG pledged to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas
emissions by 18 percent per kWh from 2000 to 2008.
• St. Lawrence Cement pledged to reduce global
greenhouse gas emissions by 15 percent per ton
of cementitious product from 2000 to 2010.
• United Technologies Corporation pledged to reduce
global greenhouse gas emissions by 16 percent
per dollar of revenue from 2001 to 2006.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMS
2003 ENERGY STAR
CHP AWARD AND
CHP PARTNERSHIP
CERTIFICATES OF
RECOGNITION
ENERGY STAR
CHP AWARD WINNERS
University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill North Carolina
BP Solvay Polyethylene North America
Deer Park, Texas
Calpine Corporation Deer Park
Energy Center
Deer Park, Texas
CHP PARTNERSHIP CERTIFICATES
OF RECOGNITION
Austin Energy Domain Project
North Austin, Texas
Harrah's Entertainment, Inc.
Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino
Las Vegas, Nevada
BP Global Power/Cinergy Solutions, Inc.
South Houston Green Power 2
"EPA's recognition has highlighted our
company and the work we do to a
variety of key stakeholders, including
the general public. This in turn
allows us to continue to market the
environmental benefits of CHP to our
customers and the communities we do
business in, leading to additional
environmental benefits in the future
from new project development."
—Chris Shugart, Director-Industrial Services,
Calpine Corporation
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP
In October 2001, EPA introduced the Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Partnership as part of the Presidents National Energy Policy. CHP projects offer
tremendous potential for pollution prevention by recycling the waste heat that is
produced in many industrial processes and as a by-product of electricity
generation. CHP systems also offer many benefits, including cost savings,
enhanced reliability of the electric system, and local economic development.
Compared with conventional separate heat and power, CHP projects are highly
efficient—often times reaching 75 percent efficiencies and higher—and can be
installed in a variety of settings, including large industrial plants, college
campuses, hospitals, hotels, and commercial buildings. EPA recognizes the most
efficient CHP projects each year through the ENERGY STAR CHP Award.
To maximize the use of cost-effective, efficient CHP, the CHP Partnership
works with industry, state and local governments, universities, and other
organizations to facilitate the development of CHP projects. EPA provides
technical assistance, networking, and public recognition. EPA also partners with
regional CHP initiatives, state agencies, and key industry sectors to organize
CHP workshops and outreach events.
In 2003, the CHP Partnership:
• Grew to 116 partners and facilitated 40 new CHP projects that are currently
operational or under development, totaling 400 MW of new CHP capacity.
• Co-sponsored CHP workshops in Washington, DC, California, Pennsylvania,
Texas, and Massachusetts.
• Provided public recognition to projects that won the ENERGY STAR CHP
Award or CHP Partnership Certificates.
• Offered new services to partners, including the calculation of environmental
benefits for specific CHP projects, an expanded Web site, and project
feasibility analyses.
• Initiated niche market development efforts in the ethanol industry, and
continued project development efforts in the college and university sector.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Add 50 new partners and assist partners with more than 30 new projects,
facilitating the development of over 800 MWe of new CHP capacity.
• Release a Best Practices Guide to Output-Based Air Emissions Regulations and
educate air regulators on innovative ways to recognize the efficiency of CHP.
• Co-sponsor CHP outreach events in multiple states.
• Continue niche market development activities with the ethanol and
college and university sectors, and explore new niche markets such as
wastewater treatment plants.
• Expand project facilitation services for CHP partners to cover each step in the
CHP project development cycle.
• Continue to recognize superior projects through the ENERGY STAR CHP
Awards and CHP Partnership Certificates.
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMS
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA launched the Green
Power Partnership in
2001 in response to a
recommendation in the
President's National
Energy Policy. The
partnership's goal is to
lower the cost of
renewable energy by
enlisting large electricity
purchasers to purchase a
percentage of their power as green power. EPA also works to
increase green power's value by offering public recognition to
leading green power purchasers. As increasing numbers of
large electricity customers demand green power, electricity
providers will respond by investing in new renewable energy
capacity to meet this growing demand. EPA supports the
development of green power markets in several ways,
including providing emissions benefits information,
recognizing leading purchasers through annual green power
awards, and supporting the development of third-party
certification so consumers can be confident that they are
getting what they pay for.
In 2003, renewable energy purchasing became increasingly
common among major companies, universities, government
agencies, and other organizations as a strategy for demonstrating
environmental leadership. The Green Power Partnership
welcomed 143 new partners in 2003, and provided technical
assistance, including comparison of various green power
products and information on strategies for maximizing the
benefit of a green power purchase. EPA also publicly
recognized exceptional partners through its participation in
local events, press releases, speaking engagements, the Green
Power Leadership Club, and national Green Power Awards.
In 2003, the Green Power Partnership:
• Recruited an additional 143 partners for a total of
236 organizations that have made a combined commitment
to purchase more than 1.2 million megawatt-hours (MWh)
of green power annually, including 700,000 MWh from
new renewable energy resources.
• Created more technical resources, including a comprehensive
"Communications Guide for Green Power Partners" and
the Green Power Locator, a Web-based tool that helps
consumers locate green power providers in their area.
• Released the Power Profiler, a Web-based tool that allows
electricity users to understand the air emissions impacts
associated with their purchases of conventional electricity.
• Provided recognition to leading green power purchasers
through local press events and the national Green Power
Leadership Awards.
2003 GREEN POWER LEADERSHIP AWARDS
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
City of Portland
Portland, OR
Dyess Air Force Base
DyessAFB, TX
Johnson & Johnson
New Brunswick, NJ
University of
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
GREEN POWER
PURCHASING
Austin Grill
Bethesda, MD
City of Moab
Moab, UT
Clif Bar
Berkeley, CA
Kinko's, Inc.
Ventura, CA
State of New
Jersey-NJCESP
Trenton, NJ
The Tower Companies
Bethesda, MD
White Wave
Boulder, CO
ON-SITE GENERATION
BMW
Spartanburg, SC
City of San Diego
San Diego, CA
Domaine Carneros
Winery
Napa, CA
Fala Direct Marketing
Group
Melville, NY
Hayward Lumber
Monterey, CA
Loyola Marymount
University
Los Angeles, CA
Solano County
FairfieU, CA
Toyota Motor Sales,
USA, Inc.
Torrance, CA
In 2004, EPA will:
• Recruit 400 additional partners to make commitments to
purchase green power, bringing the total to more than 600.
• Create new resources for partner recognition and
technical assistance, including a Web-based listing of
the top 25 green power purchasers.
• Expand public recognition of outstanding partners by
working with power providers on joint recognition events
for their largest green power purchasers.
• Continue to provide recognition through the national Green
Power Leadership Awards.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
METHANE PROGRAMS
METHANE PROGRAMS
Methane's contribution to total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions is second only to that of carbon
dioxide. Each ton of methane emitted is, however, more than 20 times more effective at trapping heat
in the atmosphere than one ton of CO2. At the same time, methane is also a valuable source of
energy, being the major component of natural gas.
U.S. industries along with state and local governments collaborate with EPA in several voluntary
partnerships to encourage the profitable collection and use of methane that would otherwise be
released to the atmosphere. These methane partnerships include the Landfill Methane Outreach
Program, Natural Gas STAR Program, and Coalbed Methane Outreach Program. All follow a
common approach, which is to provide sound technical, economic, and regulatory information on
emissions reduction technologies and practices, as well as tools to facilitate implementation of
methane reduction opportunities. Partners profit from their involvement in these programs by
making their operations more efficient and their businesses more competitive. EPA also provides
information and tools to the agricultural community to encourage methane reductions.
In 2003, these voluntary partnerships, in conjunction with a regulatory program to limit air
emissions from the nation's largest landfills, reduced national methane emissions to well below 1990
levels, and they are projected to maintain emissions below 1990 levels through 2012 (see Figure 8).
Figure 8.
Partner actions are projected to maintain methane emissions
below 1990 levels through 2012
180
170
_ 160
CO 150
o
«
§ 140
EMISSIONS WITHOUT PARTNER ACTIONS
EMISSIONS WITH PARTNER ACTIONS
'90 '95
YEARS 1990-2012
'00
'05
'10 '12
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
METHANE PROGRAMS
LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Landfills are the largest source of U.S.
human-related (anthropogenic)
methane emissions. Capture and use of
landfill gas not only reduces methane
emissions directly, but also reduces
CO2 emissions indirectly by displacing
the use of fossil fuels. The Landfill
Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)
encourages landfills across the nation
and internationally to capture and use their landfill gas
emissions as a renewable energy source. Working with landfill
owners, state energy and environmental agencies, energy
suppliers, industry, communities, and other stakeholders,
LMOP lowers the barriers to landfill gas energy (LFGE)
project development.
Since the program's launch in December 1994, LMOP has
reduced methane emissions from landfills by approximately
19 MMTCE. In addition, the number of landfill gas energy
projects has grown to nearly 370. In 2003 alone, LMOP
assisted all 33 LFGE projects that became operational,
resulting in a reduction of 4.1 MMTCE.
LMOP focuses its outreach efforts on the smaller landfills
not regulated by EPA's New Source Performance Standards
and Emission Guidelines. The program's varied tools help
landfill owners and operators overcome barriers to project
development. These tools include feasibility analyses, software
for evaluating project economics, profiles of hundreds of
candidate landfills across the country, a project development
handbook, and energy end-user analyses.
In 2003, LMOP:
* Assisted in the development of 33 new landfill gas energy
projects, with more than 25 additional projects under
construction and expected online soon.
• Welcomed 32 new partners, increasing participation by
9 percent and bringing the total number of LMOP partners
to 379.
* Released two new LFGE project development tools,
LFGcost and the LMOP Locator, designed to provide
project developers and other parties with comprehensive
financial and end-user data. Both tools have led to the
identification of dozens of new project opportunities.
• Collaborated with DOE's Federal Energy Management
Program (FEMP) to implement the first landfill gas to
energy project at a federal facility under the Biomass and
Alternative Methane Fuels Program.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Implement a corporate and federal end-user market strategy
to provide energy and financial tools and services to spur
LFGE project development.
• Host the 8th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo
and seven state and regional workshops to present the
benefits of landfill gas energy, discuss project development
activity and opportunities, and address issues affecting
landfill gas projects.
• Conduct three international training workshops to provide
government officials and technical experts with the
information and tools necessary to evaluate the potential for
LFGE project development; tools include a newly adapted
country-specific EPA model to evaluate LFG potential.
• Assist in the development of 25 new landfill gas energy
projects.
"Landfill gas is a clean-burning fuel and makes a
perfect power source for the plant's boilers."
—Dave Shenefield, Site Utilities Manager,
General Motors Assembly Plant, Fort Wayne, IN
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
LMOP 2003 AWARD WINNERS
PROJECT OF THE YEAR (TIE): ANTIOCH COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL LFG-TO-ENERGY PROJECT
Antioch, Illinois
Antioch Community High School is the first school in
the United States to get electricity and heat from
landfill gas. Through the combined efforts of the
Antioch Community High School, Waste
Management, the State of Illinois, and RMT (an
environmental and engineering firm), a liability has
become an asset. Not only has this project turned a
former Superfund landfill into a source of renewable
energy, it also serves as a great learning tool for
students and the community. In 2001, RMT
approached the school district about using LFG, and in
2002 signed an agreement to make it happen. Waste
Management then agreed to make the gas available
to the school at no charge, and the Illinois Department
of Commerce and Economic Opportunity provided a
needed boost with a $550,000 grant to the project.
After years of planning and construction, the school
district now captures gas from the HOD Landfill to
produce electricity and heat from 12 Capstone
microturbines. The microturbines produce 360 kW of
electricity, enough to power the school, with excess
sold to Commonwealth Edison. Waste heat from the
microturbines will be used to heat the school. Along
with the environmental benefits of the project,
Antioch Community High School estimates that the
energy savings will be in excess of $100,000 per year.
The project is part of the 2004 science curriculum, and
is a great example of collaboration between industry,
a utility, and local, state, and federal agencies.
"We 're going to be able to recycle, save money for the taxpayers,
and help with the environment."
—Bill Ahlers, Business Manager, Antioch Community High School
District 117, Antioch, IL
"l/l/e are very excited to support BMW in meeting its energy and
environmental goals through this renewable energy project. This
project means cleaner air, a healthier environment and a better
community for all."
—George Sakellaris, President and CEO, Ameresco, Framingham, MA
PROJECT OF THE YEAR (TIE): BMW MANUFACTURING LFG-TO-ENERGY PROJECT
Greer, South Carolina
BMW and its partners have created a project that will
have positive environmental and economic benefits
for at least the next 25 years. In January 2003, BMW's
Greer, South Carolina plant began purchasing LFG
from Waste Management's Palmetto Landfill, located
9.5 miles away. The gas now fires four 1.25 megawatt
turbines that typically sat idle at BMW's plant. The
electricity from the turbines provides about 25 percent
of the Greer plant's electricity needs, while the waste
heat from the turbines provides almost 100 percent of
the plant's cooling/thermal and hot water needs.
BMW will reduce methane emissions equivalent to
driving 105 million miles per year or more than
4,000 times around the earth. To achieve this success,
BMW worked closely with project partners Ameresco,
Waste Management, and the South Carolina Energy
Office to resolve the many project permitting,
educational, and technology obstacles. Pleased with
the results, BMW is investigating other uses for the
additional gas from the landfill.
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ENERGY PARTNER OF THE YEAR: GENERAL MOTORS
Detroit, Michigan
General Motors (GM), as the single largest direct user
of landfill gas in the United States, has demonstrated
that environmental protection and economic benefits
can go hand in hand. With four landfill gas energy
projects online in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and
Louisiana, and a fifth under construction. General
Motors is truly a leader in advancing landfill gas as a
renewable energy source. The four projects use a total
of 6,200 cubic feet/minute (cfm) of LFG, and GM
purchases 8 million kWh of electricity from a LFG
electricity project in Michigan. When the fifth direct-
use project comes online in Oklahoma, it will bring
INDUSTRY PARTNER OF THE YEAR: AMERESCO
Framingham, Massachusetts
Ameresco, a relative newcomer to the landfill gas
energy field, has shown that innovation and creativity
in project structure and technology can create viable
projects. Ameresco got involved in LFG energy project
development in January 2001, when tax credits and
other incentives were non-existent or declining. Since
that time, Ameresco has proven that projects can be
financially successful in the absence of tax credits. The
company currently has three operational LFG energy
projects, including the well-known, highly successful
BMW project in South Carolina. It also has three
diverse projects under construction—one with an
GM's gas usage to 7,500 cfm. In addition to its own
LFG projects. General Motors has been instrumental
in reaching out to other potential corporate LFG users
and has helped the World Resources Institute develop
a guidance document on LFG usage for corporate
members. All of GM's projects save money while
reducing emissions, with average savings of more
than $500,000 per project per year. GM estimates
that cumulatively more than 170,000 tons of carbon
dioxide emissions have been prevented due to its
operating projects.
electric cooperative, one with a large electric utility,
and a direct-use project with Gold Kist, the nation's
second largest chicken processing cooperative.
Recently, Ameresco was awarded four more projects,
all with expected online dates in 2004. The environmental
benefits of the operational projects under Ameresco's
care, which generate 17.5 MWs of power, equate to
removing the emissions from more than 150,000 cars
per year. Ameresco estimates that in the next two to
three years it will have the equivalent of 54 MWs of
power online.
COMMUNITY PARTNER OF THE YEAR: PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND
Largo, Maryland
Prince George's County (PG
County) had one of the first LFG
electricity projects on the East
Coast in the late 1980s and
remains a leader in the field. PG
County, which owns the Brown
Station Road Landfill, began plans
for a LFG energy project in 1985
to supply the electric power needs
of the county's Correctional
Center, 2.5 miles away.
Commissioned in 1987, the
project sends gas to three LFG-
fired Waukesha engines at the
Correctional Center and supplies
hot water to the facility. Due to
increasing gas supply, the County
began to look at expanding its
LFG energy project in 1999. The
Gas Expansion Project was
completed on April 4, 2003,
adding four Waukesha engines on
site. During construction, the
County worked with PJM
Interconnection and PEPCO on
Interconnection Service
Agreements (ISA). The ISA was
filed with the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (FERC)
and is one of the first such filings
under FERC's newly adopted
standard ISA. The project's output
also meets the criteria for Green
Power; it is estimated that at least
$750,000 will result from power
sales. Prince George's County
sets a good example for other
communities wishing to pursue
LFG energy projects.
29
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
METHANE PROGRAMS
"Our participation
in Natural Gas
STAR has
heightened
environmental
awareness
throughout the
company.
Emissions
reductions and
operational
efficiency go
together and are
not only good for
business but also
for the
environment."
—Don Anderson,
Compliance Manager,
Western Gas Resources
NaturalGasA
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER\TT
NATURAL GAS STAR PROGRAM
Natural Gas STAR is a voluntary partnership between EPA and the U.S. natural
gas industry designed to overcome barriers to the adoption of cost-effective
technologies and practices that reduce emissions of methane. Natural
Gas STAR was launched in 1993 with the transmission and
distribution sectors, and has since expanded twice—to the production
sector in 1995 and the processing sector in 2000. The program has
achieved significant reductions through 2003, reducing methane
emissions from natural gas systems by 5.7 MMTCE in 2003 alone.
Natural Gas STAR has developed a range of tools and resources designed to help corporate partners
implement best management practices to reduce gas loss. These include an implementation guide, a
series of "Lessons Learned" studies, technology transfer workshops, partner-to-partner information
exchanges, and more. Extensive partner support for and continued expansion of the program,
combined with ongoing positive feedback from partners, demonstrates the effectiveness of these tools
in promoting methane reduction activities.
In 2003, Natural Gas STAR:
• Achieved 64 percent industry participation across all major sectors (production, processing,
transmission, and distribution).
* Partnered with 13 new companies, bringing the total number of partners to 111.
• For the first time, conducted technology transfer workshops for all industry sectors.
* Continued a 2-year study to identify additional cost-effective methane emissions reduction
opportunities from the gas production and processing sectors.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Expand Natural Gas STAR in all sectors to attain 65 percent industry participation.
• Conduct six technology transfer workshops, including the first workshop for offshore producers.
• Continue to work with the American Petroleum Institute to implement its voluntary
commitment of 100 percent participation in the Natural Gas STAR Program under the President's
Climate VISION initiative.
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
NATURAL GAS STAR AWARD WINNERS
PRODUCTION PARTNER OF THE YEAR: BP
bp
o
BP joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in 1998 and has been a leader in reducing methane
emissions, first earning the Production Partner of the Year Award in 2001 and the Continuing
Excellence Award a year later. BP reported 1.9 billion cubic feet (Bcf) in methane emissions
reductions, the most among natural gas production companies for 2002. The company
maintains a high profile in the program and provides leadership not only in reducing
emissions but also in supporting outreach and technology transfer goals. BP managers deliver
presentations at the Natural Gas STAR Annual Implementation Workshops, contribute to
journal articles and technical documents, and participate in an EPA-sponsored study of
emissions reduction opportunities at gas processing plants. BP's Implementation Manager,
Reid Smith, was honored with the Implementation Manager of the Year Award in 2003.
TRANSMISSION PARTNER OF THE YEAR: EL PASO PIPELINE GROUP
epaso
El Paso Pipeline Group joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in 1993 and has been
one of Natural Gas STAR'S most active participants. For 2002, El Paso reported the
largest volume of new emissions reductions—more than 2.4 Bcf. To date, the
company has achieved the highest cumulative reductions of all transmission partners,
totaling 32 Bcf. El Paso Pipeline Group takes advantage of dramatic emissions
reduction opportunities by comparing and learning from the experiences of its five
subsidiary pipelines. El Paso Pipeline Group has also helped the Natural Gas STAR
Program by recently hosting a pair of technology transfer workshops.
DISTRIBUTION PARTNER OF THE YEAR: COLUMBIA GAS OF OHIO (A NISOURCE COMPANY)
^*v_
CblumBfa.Gas9
of Ohio
A NiSource Company
Columbia Gas of Ohio, one of the 10 energy distribution companies within
NiSource Inc., joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in 1993. For 2002, the
company reported reductions of 2.3 Bcf—more than any other distribution
company. Columbia Gas of Ohio achieved this by performing meticulous leak
detection surveys of more than 4,000 gate stations and surface facilities.
PROCESSING PARTNER OF THE YEAR: WESTERN GAS RESOURCES
Western Gas Resources, Inc
Western Gas Resources (WGR) joined the Natural Gas STAR
Program in late 2001 and achieved the largest emissions reductions
of any processing partner in 2002. To date, WGR has reported
cumulative methane emissions reductions of more than 2 Bcf. WGR has also demonstrated commitment to
communicating the importance of Natural Gas STAR, both internally and externally, by conducting Natural Gas
STAR briefings and training sessions for operations supervisors and managers, and by sharing their experiences
with other companies through presentations at Natural Gas STAR workshops.
-------
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
NATURAL GAS STAR AWARD WINNERS
CONTINUING EXCELLENCE: KERR-MCGEE OIL & GAS CORPORATION
tf£f?f? !W:GEE OtL & GAS CORPORATION
Kerr-McGee joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in
1996 and was awarded Production Partner of the Year
in 2000. The company has continued to be one of the
program's most active partners. In 2002, Kerr-McGee reported emissions reductions totaling 750 million cubic
feet (MMcf)—the second highest volume reported by a gas producer. The company continued to extend its
participation by providing data on many new gas production sites and emissions reduction activities—almost
doubling the number of facilities reporting emissions reductions. Kerr McGee also contributes to program
technology transfer and outreach efforts by developing implementation case studies and presentations
for workshops.
CONTINUING EXCELLENCE: CHEVRONTEXACO
ChevronTexaco
ChevronTexaco joined the Natural Gas STAR Program separately in 1995 as
Chevron and in 1996 as Texaco. Chevron was recognized as the Production
Partner of the Year in 1999. As ChevronTexaco, the company has strengthened
its commitment to the Natural Gas STAR Program. For 2002, it reported reductions of 700 MMcf, the third highest
among production partners. Cumulatively, ChevronTexaco has reduced methane emissions by 18 Bcf since 1990.
ChevronTexaco continues to demonstrate leadership by actively contributing to program technology transfer
efforts, including the development of case studies and workshop presentations.
CONTINUING EXCELLENCE: COLUMBIA GAS TRANSMISSION AND COLUMBIA GULF TRANSMISSION
(NISOURCE COMPANIES)
Columbia Gas
Transmission
Columbia GuU
Transmission
Columbia Gas and Columbia Gulf Transmission have been leaders since joining the
Natural Gas STAR Program. In 2000 and 2001, they were recognized as the
Transmission Partners of the Year. For 2002, Columbia Gas Transmission reported
the largest emissions reductions (almost 4 Bcf), while Columbia Gulf Transmission
reported the 3rd highest (more than 1 Bcf). These two NiSource companies
continue to identify and implement a large number of new emissions reduction
opportunities, directly contributing to technology transfer efforts. Working with
other business units, they are also helping educate all NiSource companies on the
value of greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
ROOKIE OF THE YEAR: NORTHERN NATURAL GAS
Northern
Natural Gas
Northern Natural Gas operates an interstate natural gas pipeline extending from
the Permian Basin in Texas to the upper Midwest. Although the company is new to
the Program, Northern Natural Gas has already successfully reduced methane
emissions by 200 MMcf. This was accomplished through the aggressive
implementation of several emissions reduction technologies and management
practices, such as a survey and leak repair program at its compressor stations and
remote facilities, altering emergency shut down procedures, and replacing high-
emission controllers.
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
METHANE PROGRAMS
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) reduces
methane emissions from underground coal mines by
collaborating with large coal companies and small
businesses—primarily independent natural gas project
developers and equipment supply companies—to develop
environmentally beneficial and economically successful coal
mine methane (CMM) projects. Outreach efforts focus on
providing high-quality, project-specific information. CMOP
has achieved significant results through 2003.
EPA began working with the coal mining industry in 1990,
when coal mines captured and used only 25 percent of the
methane produced from their mine degasification systems.
As a result of this collaboration, the percentage of methane
recovery grew to about 85 percent by 2003. To eliminate the
remaining methane emitted from degasification systems,
CMOP is working with industry to use CMM in small- and
large-scale power generation, for mine heating and coal
drying, and for upgrading low-quality gas to pipeline
specifications. Favorable economics also increase the viability
of other end-use options for CMM such as vehicle fuel
(liquified natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas
(CNG)), manufacturing feedstocks, and use in fuel cells.
In addition, CMOP supports efforts to demonstrate the use of
flare technology, which has yet to be employed at an active
U.S. mine. Following the programs success in reducing
methane emissions from degasification systems, CMOP has
expanded its focus to the methane emitted from coal mine
ventilation systems. Ventilation air from coal mines typically
contains methane at concentrations below one percent, yet
accounts for 90 percent of the remaining methane emissions
from underground coal mines—about 80 Bcf of methane
annually. CMOP is collaborating with industry and other
federal agencies to demonstrate and deploy newly developed
technologies that can reduce these emissions substantially over
the next few years.
Abandoned mines are also a source of methane emissions,
accounting for about 5 to 10 percent of U.S. CMM emissions
from underground mines. CMOP is now actively engaged in
promoting reductions from this source. In the United States
alone, 20 projects in 2003 captured and used methane from
30 abandoned mines.
CMOP has developed a range of tools designed to overcome
the barriers to recovery and combustion of coal mine
methane. These include numerous technical and economic
analyses of technologies and potential projects, mine-specific
project feasibility assessments, state-specific analyses of project
potential, market evaluations, and guides to state, local, and
federal assistance programs. CMOP has collaborated with
operators of virtually every major U.S. underground coal mine
that has gassy conditions or that emits gases to apply these
tools and facilitate projects, which in 2003 alone achieved a
reduction of 1.7 MMTCE.
In 2003, CMOP:
* Reduced methane emissions at 14 of the gassiest mines in
the country, including the first recovery projects in the
western United States, by providing high-quality, project-
specific information to mine operators, project developers,
and other stakeholders.
* Published an analysis of domestic and international
emerging markets for ventilation air methane projects,
identifying new technologies and assessing project costs and
benefits.
• Calculated and included methane emissions from
abandoned mines in the U.S. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks, marking the first time this source of
emissions was included in any country's national inventory.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
METHANE PROGRAMS
PROGRAM EVALUATION:
MEASURING RESULTS IN
METHANE PROGRAMS
™
Tracking and recording the methane
reductions achieved by EPA's partnership
programs is a straightforward process.
EPA gathers project-specific data on
all the methane reduction activities
implemented in coordination with
the partnerships.
NATURAL GAS STAR
Industry partners report their
reduction activities to EPA on a
detailed online reporting form, and
EPA works with partners to verify
these data.
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH
EPA works with all stakeholders to
compile up-to-date annual project
information. The program reports
reductions from only those projects
that EPA directly assisted.
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH
EPA gathers state gas sales data for
each mine to determine the total
amount of coal mine methane used
from degasification systems.
Although EPA works with every
project, the program reports only
40 percent of the total reductions
achieved, attributing 60 percent to
the impact of the Energy Policy Act <
1992. In the future, the program will
also report emissions reductions
from ventilation air methane
reduction projects.
.
In 2004, EPA will:
• Finalize and publish the report Methane Emissions from Abandoned Coal
Mines in the United States, Emissions Inventory Methodology, and initiate
additional efforts to support development of projects at abandoned mines.
Work with CONSOL Energy and DOE to install and operate the first
commercial-scale demonstration of ventilation air oxidation technology in
the United States.
• Encourage greater CMM reductions in the western United States by
working with DOE and the National Mining Association to implement
their voluntary commitments to reduce CMM emissions under the
President's Climate VISION initiative.
Table 4.
Methane Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements
2003 Goal
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE) 10.6
LMOP
Number of Projects
Annual Methane
Reductions (MMTCE)
Natural Gas STAR
Industry Participation
(% in program)
Annual Gas
Savings (MMTCE)
CMOP
Annual Methane
Reductions (MMTCE)
249
4.1
62%
4.8
1.7
2003
Achievement
11.5
253
4.1
64%
5.7
1.7
2004 Goal
11.1
269
4.3
65%
5.0
1.8
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
METHANE PROGRAMS
AGRICULTURE-BASED PROGRAMS
Through outreach to agriculture-based organizations and
farmers, EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) work together to promote practices that reduce
greenhouse gas emissions at U.S. farms. The programs
collaborate with the nation's swine and dairy producers to
encourage development of waste management systems that
generate farm revenues while reducing water and air pollution.
EPA provides technical information and tools to aid in the
assessment and implementation of these projects.
In 2003, EPA and USDA:
• Coordinated development and implementation of anaerobic
digestion funding mechanisms under the 2002 Farm Bill.
• Developed National Standards for Anaerobic Digestion
technologies.
* Assisted swine and cattle producers in implementing
projects that produced nearly 60 million kWh/year of
renewable energy from farms capturing methane—energy
then used by the farm and local community.
• Assisted states, including California and New York, in
developing programs and policies for the broader
deployment of methane-capturing technologies.
In 2004, EPA and USDA will:
9 Continue the expansion of methane-reducing technologies
in the livestock sector to help ensure clean water and air
through implementation of the second year of Farm Bill
funding under Section 9006 and hold extension events to
market this opportunity.
* Conduct a national conference to provide state-of-the-art
technical, environmental, program, market, and funding
information on anaerobic digestion systems.
* Collaborate with state energy programs in the west,
northeast, southeast, and midwest to facilitate the
development of anaerobic digesters as renewable energy
resources.
* Update the AgSTAR Handbook and develop the second
version of FarmWare to provide farmers with the necessary
guidance and tools to evaluate and successfully implement
proven anaerobic digestion technology.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
HIGH GWP ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Public-private industry partnerships are substantially reducing U.S. emissions of the high global
warming potential (GWP) gases that are released as byproducts of industrial operations. These
partnerships involve various industries that are developing cost-effective improvements in their
industrial processes to reduce emissions of perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofiuorocarbons (HFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—all particularly potent greenhouse gases. When compared ton-for-ton with
CO2, they trap much more heat in the atmosphere. PFCs and SF6 also have very long atmospheric
lifetimes (see Table 2). Despite the potential for sizable growth in high GWP greenhouse gas
emissions, these partner industries are expected to maintain their emissions substantially below 1990
levels through the year 2012 (see Figure 9).
THE VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
The primary aluminum producers are collaborating with EPA to reduce emissions of PFCs, which
are a byproduct of the smelting process. The goal is to reduce perfiuoromethane (CF^) and
perfluoroethane (C2F6) where technically feasible and cost effective. Since the partnership began in
1995, participating industries have had notable success in characterizing the emissions from their
smelter operations and reducing overall emissions.
The Aluminum Association, representing 98 percent of primary aluminum production in the United
States, has agreed to a direct carbon intensity reduction target of 53 percent from 1990 levels by
2010. The goal includes reductions in emissions of PFCs and CO2 from the consumption of the
carbon anode. As large energy consumers, the primary producers also agreed to continue their efforts
to reduce indirect CO2 emissions through continued energy efficiency improvements. The aluminum
industry has been working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for more than a decade, and this new
commitment equates to an additional direct carbon intensity reduction of 25 percent beyond the
2000 achievement.
Figure 9.
Partner actions can maintain voluntary program sector
emissions of high global warming potential gases at or
below 1990 levels through 2012
The new commitment builds on the
efforts of EPAs Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership (VAIP). VAIP
reduced PFC emissions by more than
45 percent in 2000 and by more than
60 percent in 2003, compared to the
industry's 1990 baseline. The
Aluminum Association will measure
progress for the President's Climate
VISION initiative based on data
collected from its members and
pledges to support climate protection
through efforts to increase aluminum
recycling and develop lightweight
vehicles.
'90 '95
YEARS 1990-2012
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
-------
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
HIGH GWP ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
In 2003, the Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership:
• Conducted smelter measurements at three partner facilities
to complete the U.S. smelter-type data set and to validate
past process-type measurements.
• Supported the International Aluminum Institute's efforts to
develop a PFC smelter-specific measurement and training
module that now serves as an industry-wide, self-supporting
measurement program. It helps smelter managers around
the world develop PFC emissions reduction strategies and
improve the consistency and comparability of global
emissions data.
* Completed a survey and evaluation of global smelter
emissions measurement data. This evaluation expanded the
database used to develop smelter-specific default emission
factors needed by national governments and others to
estimate PFC emissions from primary aluminum
production.
HFC-23 EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM
Industry is working with EPA to reduce emissions of the
potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, which is generated as a
byproduct in the manufacture of the refrigerant HCFC-22.
Through this program, EPA encourages all U.S. producers of
HCFC-22 to develop and implement technically feasible,
cost-effective processing practices or technologies to reduce
HFC-23 emissions.
Partners have reduced emissions of HFC-23 through process
optimization and thermal destruction. Their efforts have
helped significantly reduce the intensity of HFC-23 emissions
(the amount of HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22
manufactured). Due to these efforts, emissions in 2003 were
more than 5 MMTCE lower than they would have been at
the 1990 emission intensity. In 2003, EPA partnered with
100 percent of the U.S. HCFC-22 producers to use process
optimization and abatement to reduce production byproduct
emissions of HFC-23—the most potent and persistent of the
hydrofluorocarbons.
"In addition to efforts to reduce direct emissions of
greenhouse gases, aluminum is also making key
contributions to climate protection because it
enables lower weight, fuel-efficient engines and
parts to be built for cars and trucks as well as for
highspeed rail and sea travel."
—Industry Genius: Inventions and People Protecting the Climate, 2003
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
HIGH GWP ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
THE PFC REDUCTION/CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP
FOR THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
Since its inception in 1996, this partnership has been a catalyst for semiconductor companies in
Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the United States to jointly set the first global target for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. Collaborating with EPA, these companies have identified and implemented
process changes and manufacturing tool improvements in the production of
integrated circuits to reduce emissions of PFCs.
While the partnership's initial focus was on reducing PFC emissions from
U.S. semiconductor fabrication plants, EPA and its industry partners quickly
recognized the advantage of addressing this global environmental challenge
through international cooperation. Seeking to maintain a "level playing field"
for the many multinational partner companies, the partnership encouraged
other nations' governments to develop similar voluntary initiatives. Japan was the
second country to establish a voluntary partnership following a meeting organized by Japan's Ministry
of International Trade and Industry and EPA in 1996. With the United States and Japan gaining
momentum in coordinating PFC emissions reduction activities, the remaining major semiconductor
producers including Europe, Korea, and Taiwan joined the effort soon thereafter.
In April 1999, the World Semiconductor Council (WSC), whose members include the national
semiconductor industry associations of Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the United States,
announced a technically challenging goal to reduce PFC emissions by at least 10 percent below the
1995 baseline level by year-end 2010. The WSC's goal represents the first greenhouse gas emissions
reduction target for an entire global industry. This type of aggressive goal setting reassures
international governments, industry suppliers, and the public of the industry's commitment to
protect the climate.
In 2003, the PFC Reduction / Climate Partnership for the Semiconductor Industry:
• Reduced absolute PFC emissions by 12 percent below 2002 levels. When accounting for the
industry's new capacity and recovering production levels in 2003, the U.S. partners reduced their
emissions intensity by roughly 20 percent.
• Continued seeking opportunities for the closely related technical fields of semiconductor and liquid
crystal display (LCD) (i.e., flat panel display) manufacturing to exchange information and expedite
PFC emissions reductions. EPA met with production equipment suppliers and the Plasma Etch
User's Group to discuss technology transfer opportunities and encourage information sharing. In
January 2003, the World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee, representing the leading LCD
manufacturers from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, announced the industry's goal to reduce PFC
emissions to 0.82 MMTCE by 2010.
• Updated the semiconductor PFC emissions projection "vintage" model to reflect current
production levels and manufacturing technologies. This model helps track the partnership's
accomplishments, inform future planning, and support EPA's annual greenhouse gas inventory
development and economic analyses.
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
HIGH GWP ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
SF6 EMISSIONS REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP
FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
Initiated in 1999, this partnership
provides a forum for the electric
power industry to work with the
U.S. government on reducing sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6) emissions to levels
that are technically and economically
feasible by identifying and encouraging the adoption of best
technologies and management practices.
SF6 is used in the transmission of high-voltage electricity.
Fugitive emissions from aging high-voltage equipment or
improper service and maintenance practices contribute to
greenhouse gas emissions. SF6 Emissions Reduction partners
are industry leaders, providing reliable power to customers in
an environmentally responsible manner. The average emissions
rate for partner companies dropped from 17 percent in 1999
to 10 percent in 2003.
In 2003, the SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership for
Electric Power Systems:
• Developed an SF6 reduction case study with partner
company Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) highlighting
PG&E's program strategy, activities, and the financial
benefits of reducing SF6 emissions.
• Collected and reviewed partner data on the most effective
emissions reduction activities. This analysis contributed
to the program's annual report and other information
sharing activities.
• Expanded communications and recruiting materials with a
new program information kit and an enhanced Web site.
SF6 EMISSION REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR
THE MAGNESIUM INDUSTRY
• The U.S. magnesium industry is working
with EPA to identify and encourage the
adoption of best management practices for
p,,™hi,t,d,«i,,.ni..i,d^ reducing emissions of sulfur hexafluoride
(SFg), a long-lived and potent greenhouse
gas. Launched in 1999, this partnership to reduce emissions
from magnesium production and casting operations represents
approximately 80 percent of the U.S. magnesium industry.
In 2003, the SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for the
Magnesium Industry:
• Supported the President's Climate VISION initiative by
announcing the partnership's climate protection goal of
eliminating SF6 emissions by the end of 2010.
• Expanded to 17 partner companies, representing 100
percent of primary magnesium production and 80 percent
of domestic casting and recycling capacity.
• Collected the fourth set of annual SF6 emissions reports
from magnesium partners. Emissions estimates are reported
using software designed by EPA with input from the partners.
Partners have reduced their SF6 emissions intensity by more
than 5 percent since EPA launched the program in 1999.
• With support from partner company Intermet, 3M™, and
Australia's CAST Research Centre, EPA completed the first
independent measurement campaign to study emissions
from SFg-based cover gas and promising new alternative
cover gas technologies used in a full-scale production
setting. Both alternative cover gases, AM-Cover™ (HFC-
134a) and Novec™ 612 (a fluorinated ketone) reduced
greenhouse gas emissions by more than 99 percent
compared to the traditional SFg-based protection system.
The results from this study were presented at the Metals,
Minerals, and Materials Society's (TMS) annual meeting
and the Earth Technologies Forum.
"With a global warming potential of 22,200, the elimination
of a small amount of SF6 can make a major difference
in a company's greenhouse gas emissions. That is why
the companies of the IMA decided to work together to
reduce these emissions. With the coordination of IMA
and the expertise of EPA, this partnership of competitive
companies will work together to eliminate SF6 emissions
by the end of 2010."
—Helmut Brandt, President, International Magnesium Association
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
HIGH GWP ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
"The Mobile AC
Climate Protection
Partnership is
proving that
voluntary
programs can
gain the support
of the automotive
industry when
they involve the
best technical
experts and
pursue
performance-
based solutions
that reduce
greenhouse gas
emissions while
maintaining or
improving cooling
performance,
safety, and
reliability."
—Ward Atkinson, Chair
of the SAE Interior
Climate Control
Standards Committee and
Co-Chair of the MAC
Partnership
MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP
Under the Montreal Protocol for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, new vehicles worldwide have
been redesigned to use HFC-134a refrigerants in air-conditioning systems rather than CFC-12.
The production of CFC-12 refrigerants for use in developed countries was halted in 1996 and will be
phased out globally by 2006. HFC-134a was the universal choice because it has no ozone depleting
potential, has six times less global warming potential than CFC-12, is non-flammable, has low
toxicity, and has cooling capacity and energy efficiency that can be made comparable to those of
CFC-12 through engineering. Although HFC-134a has far less impact on the climate than the
CFC-12 it replaced, it is still part of "the basket" of greenhouse gases whose emissions need to be reduced.
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide, and
EPA have organized a global voluntary partnership to promote improved air-conditioning systems
and service. This partnership includes environmental authorities from Australia, Canada, Europe, and
Japan; environmental and industry non-government organizations (NGOs); and global vehicle
manufacturers and their suppliers. Measures to improve the environmental performance of vehicle
air-conditioning systems consider (1) both refrigerant and fuel consumption over the life of the
vehicle, (2) consumer demand for reliable and affordable transportation, and (3) requirements for
special safety systems and technician training.
The partnership has four goals:
• To promote cost-effective designs and improved service procedures to minimize emissions from
HFC-134a systems.
• To cooperate on developing and testing the next generation of mobile air-conditioning systems that
satisfy customer requirements and environmental, safety, cost, and reliability concerns.
• To communicate technical progress to policymakers and the public.
• To document the current and near-term opportunities for improving the environmental
performance of mobile air-conditioning system design, operation, and maintenance.
In 2003, the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership:
• Confirmed in laboratory testing that air-conditioning systems using CO2, HFC-152a, and
hydrocarbons can be designed to significantly reduce direct emissions of greenhouse gas refrigerant.
• Held meetings in Europe and North America, discussed the upcoming industry announcement,
and helped organize the "2004 MAC Summit" in Washington, D.C. to provide the latest technical
information to policymakers.
• Instituted the "Automotive Alternative Refrigerant Symposium" as an annual event to showcase
technical presentations and road tests of prototype motor vehicles using the new alternative
refrigerants HC, HFC-152a, and CO2.
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
HIGH GWP ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
In 2004, the High GWP Environmental Stewardship
Programs will:
• Participate in the preparation of the IPCC National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines for Industrial
Processes and Product Use.
• Begin "rolling changes" in the design of mobile air-
conditioning systems to reduce greenhouse gas refrigerants
by 50 percent and improve fuel efficiency by at least
30 percent, based on an expected announcement at the
April 2004 MAC Summit.
• Attend the 2004 MAC Summit at which vehicle
manufacturers intend to announce that they will work
cooperatively to improve HFC-134a systems to reduce
refrigerant greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50 percent
and reduce fuel use for air-conditioning by up to 30 percent
or more. It is estimated that these improvements will add
$35 to $50 to the cost of producing new vehicles with
payback in fuel savings within one or two years, and lifetime
savings of over $400. By 2025, this technology will save
3.7 billion gallons of fuel in the United States and a
comparable amount in the rest of the world. The Mobile Air
Conditioning Partnership is developing a new strategy to
promote these environmental and product improvements.
• Host the 3rd International Conference on SF6 and the
Environment in Scottsdale, Arizona, in December 2004.
Conduct an SF6 circuit breaker leak rate field study to
evaluate the performance of new equipment.
Continue implementing agreements to reduce greenhouse
gas intensity for the aluminum, magnesium, and
semiconductor sectors through the President's Climate
VISION initiative.
Maintain an effective partnership with HCFC-22 chemical
manufacturers to reduce emissions of HFC-23.
Continue to explore and document the performance of new
vehicle air-conditioning designs.
Carry out a follow-up study to characterize greenhouse gas
emissions as well as workplace health and safety concerns
associated with alternative cover gas technologies as applied
to primary and/or secondary magnesium production.
Prepare a report on practical emissions reduction strategies
for small- and medium-sized semiconductor producers.
Assess the impact of semiconductor production migration
on Asian "foundry" operations and encourage countries with
rapidly growing production such as China, Singapore, and
Malaysia to join the World Semiconductor Council and
establish PFC emissions reduction goals.
Expand the stewardship programs to reduce high GWP
emissions from other key sources, such as the ozone-
depleting substance replacement industries.
TABLE 5.
Stewardship Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL
PARTNERSHIP
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)
HFC-23 PARTNERSHIP
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)1
OTHER STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)
2003 Goal
8.6
96%
2.1
100%
4.9
50%-100%
1.6
2003
Achievement
9.2
98%
2.1
100%
5.6
45%-100%
1.5
2004 Goal
12.7
98%
2.2
100%
7.6
50%-100%
2.9
These goals have been adjusted downward to reflect lower than expected HCFC-22 production and the closure of one of the four
U.S. HCFC-22 plants. The industry average HFC-23 emission factor actually declined more than expected.
Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE PROTECTION AWARD WINNERS
In 1998, EPA established the Climate Protection Awards to recognize exceptional
leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements in protecting the Earth's
climate. Since then, EPA has presented 93 awards to individuals and organizations from
16 countries, including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, France, India, Italy,
Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the
United States. This year, 12 individuals and organizations earned the award by crafting
international, national, state, and local policies; by reducing energy consumption; and by
inventing technologies that protect the climate.
CORPORATE AND GOVERNMENT AWARDS
Interface, Inc.
Kennesaw, GA
Turbocor
Dorval, Canada
China Certification Center for Energy Conservation Products (CECP)
Beijing, China
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)
Albany, NY
City of San Diego
San Diego, CA
City and County of San Francisco
San Francisco, CA
European Commission Fluorinated Gas Team
Brussels, Belgium
ASSOCIATION AND TEAM AWARDS
Electrical Inverter Air Conditioning System Team
Kariya, Japan
SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for the Magnesium Industry and The
International Magnesium Association
Wauconda, IL
INDIVIDUAL AWARDS
Mayor David B. Cohen
Newton, MA
Harry Kauffman, HK Energy Consulting Inc.
Lambertville, NJ
Julia Martinez, Institute Nacional de Ecologfa
Mexico City, Mexico
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
ENERGY STAR and other voluntary programs have been
very successful during their first decade. They have
dramatically increased the use of energy-efficient products
and practices and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, as
well as methane and other greenhouse gases with very high
global warming potentials.
For the year 2003, these partnerships prevented 48.2 million
metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions (in MMTCE)—
equivalent to the annual emissions from 32 million vehicles—
while helping Americans save more than $8.2 billion.
And the benefits from these programs extend well beyond the
emissions reductions and dollar savings in the year 2003
alone. As the partnership programs spur investment in climate
friendly technologies and the purchase of energy-efficient
products, they create a stream of benefits that accrue over the
lifetime of the investment or product. Overall, the benefits
from the investments and product purchases of program
partners and consumers through the year 2003 can be
summarized as follows:
* More than 650 million metric tons of greenhouse gas
emissions are being avoided through 2013.
Consumers and businesses have locked in investments in
energy-efficient technologies exceeding $16 billion.
Net of the investments in energy-efficient technologies,
consumers and businesses are saving more than $89 billion
cumulatively through 2013.
BENEFITS OF VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
The benefits (see Table ES-1 on page 3) and how they are
derived are described below for three key climate partnership
program areas: ENERGY STAR, Methane Programs, and
Environmental Stewardship Programs for the High GWP Gases.
ENERGY STAR. The estimated benefits from the ENERGY
STAR program reflect the stream of energy savings that will
persist through 2013 due to technology investments and
product purchases made through the year 2003 by ENERGY
STAR partners and due to the effects of markets already
transformed. The persistence is calculated by maintaining the
energy savings achieved in 2003 through the year 2013. The
underlying assumption is that the lifetime of most building
improvements and product purchases is at least 10 years. For
products with shorter lifetimes, such as computers, fax
machines, and audio equipment, it means that once
consumers buy ENERGY STAR qualified products, they are
expected to replace them with ENERGY STAR qualified
products. The benefits that can be attributed to pre-existing
trends are subtracted out of the estimated ENERGY STAR
benefits presented in this 2003 annual report. From these
expected energy savings, benefits are determined in the
following manner:
» Emissions prevented are calculated as the product of the
energy savings (e.g., kWh of electricity) and an annual
emission factor (e.g., MMTCE prevented per kWh).
* The energy bill savings are determined as the product of the
energy saved and the cost of electricity for the affected
market segment, residential or commercial.
• The net present value (NPV) of these savings are calculated
using a 4-percent discount rate and a 2003 perspective.
10/Vef economic benefits are calculated by estimating the savings in energy expenditures by partners and customers of ENERGY STAR qualified products and subtracting any additional
capital expenditures necessary to purchase qualified products, upgrade to ENERGY STAR specifications, or change from general operating procedures.
11
provided by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for ENERGY STAR Qualified Products.
12,
13
Outlook 2004 for prospective prices.
The 4-percent discount rate used was taken from the Office of Management and Budget Circular 94.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
BENEFITS OF VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
In addition, EPA estimates the NPV of expenditures on energy-efficient technologies based on the
partners' or customers' cost of the energy-efficient equipment, including the cost of financing. For
ENERGY STAR qualified products, expenditures were taken as the incremental increase in cost, if
any, of purchasing these products. For ENERGY STAR Building and Industrial Improvements,
expenditures include the capital costs of upgrading a building to ENERGY STAR specifications.
Finally, the NPV of the net savings is the difference between the NPV of energy bill savings and the
NPV of expenditures. It represents the net value to partners and ENERGY STAR product consumers
of participating in the program.
The estimated benefits for the ENERGY STAR Program from 1993 to 2013 are as follows:
Qualified Products
• Preventing 122 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Catalyzing investment of $3.1 billion in climate friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of $44.5 billion.
Building and Industrial Improvements
• Preventing 209 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Catalyzing investment of $9.6 billion in climate friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of $42 billion.
Methane Programs. The benefits for programs with a small number of partners, such as Natural Gas
STAR and Landfill Methane, are calculated on a project-by-project basis from the list of projects that
the programs are known to have affected. Energy bill savings include the revenue from the sale of
methane and/or the sale of electricity made from the captured methane. The expenditures include the
capital costs agreed to by partners to bring projects into compliance with the Methane Programs'
specifications and any additional operating costs engendered by program participation. Both energy
bill savings and technology expenditures have been placed in net present value terms. These programs
are estimated to have the following benefits from 1993 through 2013:
• Preventing 171 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Catalyzing $3.4 billion in investment in climate friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of $3.0 billion.
Environmental Stewardship Programs for the High GWP Gases. The benefits for these programs
are derived from direct partner reports of the greenhouse gas emissions the partners have avoided.
Program partners are expected to maintain their investments in technologies and practices through
2013. Expenditures and financial savings in the Environmental Stewardship Programs are proprietary
and are not included in the summary of economic benefits and expenditures. The programs are
estimated to have the following benefits from 1993 through 2013:
• Preventing 144 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
^The NPV of these expenditures was calculated using a 4-percent real discount rate and a 2003 perspective.
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
REFERENCES
Andersen, S.O. and D. Zaelke. 2003. Industry Genius: Inventions and People Protecting the Climate and Fragile Ozone Layer.
Greenleaf Publishing. July.
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Partner and emissions data for 2003 provided by
individual programs and partnerships in the Division.
Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2003. Annual Energy Review 2003- Office of Markets and End Use. Available online at
www.eia.doe.gov/aer/contents.html.
EIA. 2004. Annual Energy Outlook 2004 with Projections to 2025. Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. January. (DOE/EIA-0383(2004)).
Horowitz, M.J. 2001. "Economic Indicators of Market Transformation: Energy Efficient Lighting and EPAs Green Lights."
The Energy Journal 2(4):95-l22.
ICF Consulting Inc. 2004. An Estimate of Emissions Reductions Accomplished by ENERGY STAR Industrial Partners. EPA Climate
Protection Partnerships Division.
Innovest Strategic Value Advisors. 2002. Energy Management and Investor Returns: The Real Estate Sector. October.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. J.T. Houghton,
L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, eds. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
Koomey, J., A. Rosenfeld, and A. Gadgil. 1990. Conservation Screening Curves to Compare Efficiency Investments at Power Plants.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. October. (LBNL-27286).
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2004. Memorandum to U.S. EPA. April.
National Petroleum Council. 2003. Balancing Natural Gas Policy — Fueling the Demands of a Growing Economy. Available at http://npc.org/
U.S. Department of State. 2002. U.S. Climate Action Report 2002. Washington, D.C. May. Available online at
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsUSClimateActionReport.html
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2002. Office of Atmospheric
Programs. April. (EPA 430-R-04-003). Available online at
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmissions.html
Webber, C.A., R.E. Brown, M. McWhinney, and J.G. Koomey. 2004. 2003 Status Report: Savings Estimates for the ENERGY STAR
Voluntary Labeling Program (DRAFT). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. July. (LBNL-51319).
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure ES-1. Division greenhouse gas emissions avoided compared to program goals 2
Figure ES-2. Annual savings in energy use as a result of CPPD's partnership programs 5
Figure ES-3. Annual greenhouse gas emissions avoided can be more than doubled by 2012 6
Figure 4. Projected reductions in greenhouse gas emissions due to Administration Climate Policy 7
Figure 5. U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector and by gas 8
Figure 6. More than 50% of projected energy use 10 years from now will come from
equipment purchased between now and then 10
Figure 7. Greenhouse gas emissions (of the average home and the average vehicle) 15
Figure 8. Partner actions are projected to maintain methane emissions below
1990 levels through 2012 26
Figure 9. Partner actions can maintain voluntary program sector emissions of high
global warming potential gases at or below 1990 levels through 2012 36
Table ES-1. Summary of the benefits for 2003 and cumulative benefits through 2013 from the
actions taken by partners through 2003 3
Table 2. Global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric lifetimes of greenhouse gases 9
Table 3. ENERGY STAR Program: Annual Goals and Achievements 13
Table 4. Methane Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements 34
Table 5. Stewardship Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements 41
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION 2003 ANNUAL REPORT
COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
3M 20, 22, 23, 39
Ace Hardware Corporation 22
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc 23
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 21
Ameresco 28, 29
American Electric Power 23
American Hotel & Lodging Association 22
American Petroleum Institute 30
Antioch Community High School 28
Architectural Energy Corporation 22
Austin Energy Domain Project 24
Austin Grill 25
BMW 25, 28, 29
BP
31
BP Global Power/Cinergy Solutions, Inc.
South Houston Green Power 2 24
BP Solvay Polyethylene North America 24
Building Performance Institute 16, 17
Calpine Corporation Deer Park Energy Center 24
CAST Research Centre 39
CenterPoint Energy 22
ChevronTexaco 32
China Certification Center for
Energy Conservation Products 42
Cinergy Corp 23
City and County of San Francisco 42
City of Moab 25
City of Portland 25
City of San Diego 25, 42
ClifBar 25
Columbia Gas of Ohio (A NiSource Company) 31
Columbia Gas Transmission (A NiSource Company) 32
Columbia Gulf Transmission (A NiSource Company) 32
Commonwealth Edison 28
CONSOL Energy 34
Consortium for Energy Efficiency 19
D.R. Wastchak, LLC 22
David Powers Homes 22
Dell, Inc 22
Domaine Carneros Winery 25
Dow Jones 20
Dreyfus 20
Dyess Air Force Base 25
Eastman Kodak Company 22, 23
ei3 Corporation 22
Efficiency Vermont 22
El Paso Pipeline Group 31
Electrical Inverter Air Conditioning System Team 42
Ence Homes 22
Energy Services Group 22
Engle Homes Colorado, a division of TO USA Homes, Inc. . 22
European Commission Flourinated Gas Team 42
Fairfax County Public Schools 22
Fala Direct Marketing Group 25
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 29
Financial Times/London Stock Exchange 20
Food Lion, LLC 4, 22
FPL Group 23
Fremont Unified School District 22
GE Consumer Products 22
General Motors Corporation 22, 27, 29
Giant Eagle, Inc 19, 22
Good Earth Lighting, Inc 22
Gold Kist 29
Gorell Enterprises, Inc 22
Green Mountain College 22
Harrah's Entertainment, Inc.
Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino 24
Hayward Lumber 25
Hines 22
HK Energy Consulting Inc 42
Illinois Department of Commerce
and Economic Opportunity 28
Indoor Environmental Services 22
Innovest 18
Institute Nacional de Ecologfa 42
Intel Corporation 22
Interface, Inc 23, 42
Intermet 39
International Aluminum Institute 37
International Paper 23
Japans Ministry of International Trade and Industry 38
Johnson & Johnson 23, 25
Kerr-McGee Oil & Gas Corporation 32
Kinko's, Inc 25
Lennox Industries Inc 22
Little Company of Mary Sisters 20
Lowe's Companies, Inc 10, 13, 22
Loyola Marymount University 25
MaGrann Associates 22
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PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT — TOGETHER
COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
Maytag Corporation 22
Metals, Minerals, and Materials Society 39
Minnesota Power, an ALLETE Company 22
Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide 40, 41
National Association for Technician Excellence 17
National Mining Association 34
National Petroleum Council 11
Neuberger Berman 20
Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners 16, 22
Nevada Power Company 22
New England Joint Management Committee 22
New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority 16, 22, 42
Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships, Inc 22
Northern Natural Gas 32
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance 19, 22
NSTAR 19
Oncor Electric Delivery Company 22
Pacific Gas and Electric Company 17, 22, 39
Panasonic 22
Pardee Homes 14, 22
PEPCO 29
Pfizer, Inc 23
PJM Interconnection 29
Plasma Etch User's Group 38
Portland Cement Association 21
Prince Georges County, Maryland 29
Prince George's County Correctional Center 29
Providence Health System 20, 22
PSEG 23
Pulte Homes Nevada Operations 22
RMT 28
Sacramento Municipal Utility District 22
San Diego Gas and Electric 17, 22
Sea Gull Lighting Products, Inc 14, 22
Sears, Roebuck and Co 22
Servidyne Systems, LLC 22
Sierra Pacific Power Company 22
Sisters of Providence 20
Society of Automotive Engineers 40
Solano County 25
South Carolina Energy Office 28
Southern California Edison 17, 22
Southern California Gas Company 17, 22
Southern Minnesota Municipal Power Agency 22
St. Lawrence Cement 23
Staples 23
State of Illinois 28
State of New Jersey- NJCESP 25
State of New York 19
SYLVANIA 22
The Aluminum Association 36
The California Investor-Owned Utilities 17, 22
The Calvert Group 20
The Conference Board 20
The Home Depot 22
The Institute for Sustainable Energy at Eastern
Connecticut State University 22
The International Magnesium Association 39, 42
The Procter and Gamble Company 22
The Tower Companies 25
Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc 25
Transwestern Commercial Services 22
Turbocor 42
U.S. Department of Agriculture 35
U.S. Department of Energy 4, 12, 16, 17, 27, 34
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 17
United Technologies Corporation 23
University of Michigan 22
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 24
University of Pennsylvania 25
University of Pittsburgh 22
USAA Real Estate Company 22
Veridian Homes 22
Vermont Energy Investment Corporation 22
Vermont ENERGY STAR Homes Service 22
Vermont Gas Systems 22
Village of Poultney, Vermont 22
VP Buildings, Inc 22
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc 22
Waste Management 28
Western Gas Resources, Inc 30, 31
Whirlpool Corporation 22
White Wave 25
Williams Hardware 22
Wisconsin ENERGY STAR Homes/Focus on Energy 16, 22
World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee 38
World Resources Institute 29
World Semiconductor Council 38, 41
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United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA430-R-04-011
www.epa.gov
September 2004
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