a
Environmental Results
Through Tribal/EPA Partnerships
Fiscal Year 2010 Accomplishments
Region 9/The Pacific Southwest
EPA 909-R-10-004
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Table of Contents
Building Tribal Capacity to Achieve Results
Clean Air
Protecting Tribal Lands
Healthy Tribal Communities 12
Clean & Safe Water 17
U.S. EPA Region 9 Web Pages with Tribal Resources and Information 20
EPA Region 9 works to protect public health and
the environment in the southwestern United States
with the 147federally recognized tribes and the
states of Arizona, California, Nevada and Hawaii.
Cover photos: Top left down: Big Valley Band of Porno Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria, Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of
the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Owens Valley Indian Water Commission, Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indian of California
Basket Design: Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation
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Building Tribal Capacity to Achieve Results
In 2010 we have seen increased EPA support of tribal programs, with greater resources available for tribes
to address environmental issues in Indian country. Soon after taking office in 2009, EPA Administrator Lisa
Jackson announced "Building Strong State and Tribal Partnerships" as one of her top priorities. In January,
2010, she directed Agency staff on this important partnership:
States and tribal nations bear important responsibilities for the day-to-day mission of environmental
protection, but declining tax revenues and fiscal challenges are pressuring state agencies and tribal
governments to do more with fewer resources. Strong partnerships and accountability are more
important than ever. EPA must do its part to support state and tribal capacity and, through strengthened
oversight, ensure that programs are consistently delivered nationwide. Where appropriate, we will use
our own expertise and capacity to bolster state and tribal efforts.
This support has brought increased funding to tribal programs. The Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 budget
increased Indian Environmental General Assistance Program (GAP) funding by 3.4% nationally. Funds available
through EPA's tribal set-asides for water infrastructure projects reached an all-time high in FY 2010, thanks
to a 33% increase in tribal set-aside funds and a doubling of State Revolving Funds (which went from $1.5
billion in 2009 to $3.5 billion in 2010). In the Pacific Southwest Region, tribal water infrastructure funds
tripled, from $7.4 million available in FY 2009 to $22.9 million in FY2010.
Tribal Funding for FY2010, by Program (millions)
• Air
• GAP
Lead
Pesticides
1 Superfund
u Waste
• Water
Sl.SMillio
S1.9
Million S300 Thousand
S200 Thousand
Capacity Building in Action
The Kaibab Paiute Tribe began its envi-
ronmental program 13 years ago. The tribe
used EPA funding to improve administration,
management and decision-making regarding
reservation resources; to increase coordi-
nation with tribal, federal, state and local
governments; to implement a solid waste
management program, and build capacity to
assume responsibilities for managing its envi-
ronment. The tribe credits EPA grants with
helping build a viable Tribal Environmental
Program that is recognized by environmental
organizations throughout the Southwestern
U.S. for its ability to collect scientifically
defensible data.
This year the Kaibab Paiute Tribe collaborated with the Paiute Indian Tribes of Utah, Moapa Band
of Paiute Indians, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service to fund and organize the
first-ever Southern Paiute Youth Camp in Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. The focus of the
camp was to teach tribal youth about the connections between environmental science and the Southern
Paiute way of living. The event gave both youth and tribal elders an opportunity to visit areas of Southern
Paiute territory they seldom see, to share knowledge, and to encourage young people to experience the ties
between their Southern Paiute traditions and culture alongside environmental preservation.
Efforts to protect the health and environment of more than 315,000 residents in Indian country in the
Pacific Southwest, consisting of over 27 million acres, have improved significantly through the collaboration
between tribal environmental programs and EPA. However, there are still significant environmental and
human health issues that need to be addressed in Indian country. We are continuing to put our resources
to work addressing these challenges. Nineteen percent of homes lack complete plumbing, more than
1,300 open dumps can still be found on tribal lands in the region, and more than one-third of tribal lands
in the region are in areas that do not meet federal air quality standards.
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Clean Air
Tribes and EPA share the goal of cleaner, healthier air quality. As tribal air programs mature, tribes are using
their knowledge to monitor air quality on reservations, deploy technology that harnesses wind and solar
energy, educate their communities, and participate in regional air quality groups.
Tribal Air Funding for FY10
To improve air quality in Indian Country, EPA provides funding for tribes to assess and address air pollution
problems. In 2010, EPA awarded 31 tribal air grants for a total of more than $3 million.
Tribal Collaboration
EPA continues to encourage collaboration between tribes, and many are sharing air quality information and
consultants. The Bishop Paiute Tribe sponsored a specialized training for Owens Valley tribal air programs
conducting audits of air quality and meteorological instruments. Participating tribes included the Bishop
Paiute Tribe, the Big Pine Paiute Tribe, the Fort Independence Reservation, and the Lone Pine
Paiute Shoshone Tribe. Each tribe received individual training on the instruments at their site, as well as
an audit report for each tribe.
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Justin Raglin from Lone Pine conducting audit.
Tribal Air Monitoring
With EPA funding, 26 tribes are currently monitoring for
either particulate matter, ozone, or air toxics. Tribes are
also working to enter their monitoring data into EPA's
national Air Quality System database. Twenty tribes are
now successfully submitting data - two more than in 2009.
Because these tribes are submitting data, EPA has a better
understanding of air quality in Indian Country. EPA uses
this data in setting national air standards, and to determine
whether areas are meeting those standards.
Tribal Diesel Emission Reduction Act
(DERA) Grants
2010 was the first year EPA awarded Clean Diesel grants
to tribes under DERA. Two of the selected tribal grantees
are in the Pacific Southwest Region - both in Southern California. The Morongo Band of Mission
Indians received $250,000 to replace two diesel school buses with compressed natural gas buses, and to
retrofit five buses and two pieces of construction equipment with diesel particulate filters. These retrofits
and replacements will reduce particulate matter emissions from these vehicles by 85-95%. The Soboba
Band of Luiseno Indians received $78,000 to retrofit six diesel school buses with diesel particulate
filters or low nitrogen oxide filters. These retrofits will reduce particulate matter emissions from the tribal
school bus fleet by 85 percent.
Sylvia Nez and Karmen Billey, Navajo Nation, at the
Nazlini monitoring site.
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Gila River Tribal Implementation Plan
As tribal air programs mature, some tribes are working on regulatory development. In October 2009, EPA
approved the Gila River Indian Community's treatment as a state eligibility for many parts of the Clean
Air Act. This determination paved the way for EPA to act on the tribe's previously submitted Tribal
Implementation Plan (TIP) which delegates parts of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to the tribe and makes the
tribe's air quality regulations federally enforceable. EPA proposed to approve the TIP in July, 2010.
Fort McDowell Solar Project
In May 2010 the Fort McDowell Yavapai
Nation completed installation of their 12-kilowatt
photovoltaic power plant. It is composed of 54
solar panels on the roof of the buildingthat houses
the tribe's environmental program. Annually, the
system is expected to generate more than 25
megawatt-hours of electricity, provide 15-20% of
the building's power, and offset more than 60,000
pounds of carbon dioxide emissions. This project
was funded with CAA Section 103 money and a
rebate from the Salt River Project.
McDowell demonstration solar plant on roof of environmental
office.
Salton Sea Air Quality Monitoring Network
The Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians
Environmental Department has collaborated with
several state agencies to build and maintain a
monitoring network to measure airborne particulates resulting from a drying lake. They will collect baseline
data from six stations on the tribe's land at the north end of the Salton Sea. The tribe is a large stakeholder
in this project, since some of its reservation was submerged under the Salton Sea in the early 1900s.
Salt River Air Quality Outreach
The Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community has installed flagpoles and signs that visually display
the reservations air quality data on a daily basis. The flagpoles have been installed at a senior center,
community center, government offices, and a school to ensure that sensitive groups in the community will
know about current air quality conditions, and take precautions if necessary.
Rainbow over the lands of the La Jolla Band of Mission Indians.
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Protecting Tribal Lands
POLLUTION PREVENTION AND SOLID WASTE
Improper disposal of both household trash
and hazardous waste threaten tribal lands
in the Pacific Southwest Region. In 2010,
tribes tackled these hazards by developing
household hazardous waste, composting,
and recycling programs; improving solid
waste infrastructure by building transfer
stations; conducting outreach and commu-
nity cleanup events; and developing green
building strategies. Additionally, in 2010,
tribes in the region had closed 91 open
dumps, significantly improving the health
and well-being of their communities.
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DUMP USED OIL
AND WE ALL
GET SOAKED.
Recycle your
used motor oil
and used oil filters
Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe Used Oil Recycling
Last year the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe's (FPST) Environmental Pro-
tection Department (EPD) started a Used Oil and Oil Filter Recycling program
with funds from EPA's Hazardous Waste Management grant program. This
recycling program was developed to accept used oil and oil filters from tribal
"do-it-yourself" oil changers and to dispose of the used oil by burning it in a
used oil furnace, which now provides heat for the tribal auto shop. This
year EPD has worked to develop partnerships with neighboring tribes in
Nevada to recycle their used oil. These partnerships could help reduce the
cost of hazardous waste disposal for the other tribes, and further reduce
heating costs for the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.
Hualapai Tribe Collaborates with Federal Agencies
on Remediation
In early 2007, staff from the Hualapai Tribe's Department of Natural
Resources discovered an abandoned cistern containing a creosote-like
substance near one of their drinking water wells. Given the cistern's proximity
to a railway line, the tribe initially contacted the railway company to determine
ownership of the cistern. Upon learning that the cistern did not belong to the railway, the tribe contacted
U.S. EPA for assistance in determining responsibility and assessing clean up options. Over the next two
years, through a series of investigations and collaborative efforts between the Hualapai Tribe, U.S. EPA,
Indian Health Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, BIA agreedto
assume responsibility for the abandoned cistern and clean up the site. In March 2010, with oversight by
the tribe, BIA completed the cistern removal and site remediation. They removed more than 10 tons of
contaminants and contaminated soil from the site.
Fallon Pitutc-Sho^orifc Tribe
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North Central Project Wins National Achievement Award
EPA's project team for the joint Gila River Indian Community and U.S. EPA Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater investigation and cleanup project won a National Achievement Award
for their highly innovative and flexible approach to Corrective
Action on tribal lands. At Gila River Indian Community's re-
quest, EPA assisted in addressing groundwater contamination
beneath a community-owned industrial park. EPA has facil-
itated source removal at two locations in the industrial park,
including Romic Southwest. Romic is a closed hazardous
waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility (TSDF).
Starting from a firm commitment to tribal sovereignty and
federal trust responsibility to the tribe, the team took a highly
collaborative approach that maximizes tribal participation and
decision-making in all areas of the project. EPA continues to
work closely with the community, potentially responsible
parties, and other stakeholders to better characterize the
nature and extent of the contamination.
Pressure washing distillation column area. Photo
courtesy of Romic Southwest March 2009.
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Green Building Partnership
In early 2008, the Pinoleville Porno Nation devel-
oped a partnership with the University of California at
Berkeley (UCB) to create culturally-inspired and envi-
ronmentally-sustainable designs fortheirtribal housing.
Through this partnership the tribe guided the housing
design process to plan for construction of sustainable
buildings on their lands. This partnership also laid the
foundation to establish the new Native American
Community Assessment of Renewable Energy and
Sustainability Center, or NAtive CARES, at UCB in 2010.
This center focuses on many aspects of Sustainability
that tribes in the Pacific Southwest Region are pur-
suing: green building, renewable power generation, indoor air quality, water conservation, and economic
business models.
EPA and Tribes Partner with BioCycle
EPA assisted in developing a Tribal and Rural Communities track for the 25th Annual BioCycle West Coast
Conference held in April 2010. Tribal and rural communities often have an intense interest in adopting
smaller scale sustainable waste management practices, but are limited in their access to financial resources,
end markets, and information on how to start. The new track focused on food scrap and yard waste
composting and included seven tribal presentations, including one by Brian Adkins of the Bishop Paiute
Tribe on their innovative food waste composting project.
Model of prototype home. Graphic courtesy Pinoleville
Porno Nation, 2009.
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The goal of the Bishop Paiute Tribe's project was to demonstrate a simple way to transport food waste
from the tribe's commercial and institutional kitchens (casino, daycare, education center, and elders' center)
by bicycle trailer to the tribal gardening projects and then use composting and vermicomposting to convert
the food waste into soil-building compost. This project provides after-school employment to the community's
high school students. By using bicycles this program is sustainable, non-polluting, low cost, and promotes
a heart-healthy lifestyle. To see presentations by other tribal speakers at the Biocycle Conference, go to:
http://www.jgpress.com/bcwc25/index.html.
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Bishop Paiute high school student with bicycle
trailer preparing to pick up food waste at the tribal
venues. Photo courtesy of the Environmental
Management Office, Bishop Paiute Tribe 2010.
Bishop Paiute high school student preparing
compost bins for food waste at the tribal
gardens. Photo courtesy of the Environmental
Management Office, Bishop Paiute Tribe 2010.
Underground Storage Tanks Program Office (USTPO)
EPA's Underground Storage Tank program had a very successful year, raising the bar for compliance levels
at operating LIST facilities. EPA and the tribes conducted 55 joint compliance and leak detection inspections
in 2010; the two Navajo Nation LIST EPA-Credentialed Inspectors conducted 40 additional inspections.
These inspections resulted in a total of 10 field citations issued to non-compliant facilities. LIST field
citations are issued on the spot at the end of the inspection - like a traffic ticket. The owner or operator
obtains immediate feedback on the violations, and the actions needed to correct the problems. The typical
field citation ranges from $600 to $1,000 per site. EPA also had a very successful year closing a total of
38 disused or abandoned LIST facilities, usingfederal fundingfor some of them, and in other cases overseeing
cleanup actions funded by private parties.
Tribal LUST Cleanup in Pacific Southwest Received
$3.1 Million in "Stimulus" Funding
In 2010, EPA's Pacific Southwest Region received $3.1 million in
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding through
EPA's Indian lands cleanup contract to address eligible Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) sites. In June, EPA initiated
work at 25 LUST sites on tribal lands. Project tasks using ARRA
funding are required by law to be completed in September 2011.
EPA is responsible for managing each project assigned to the
National contract, and works in cooperation and partnership with
the tribes on all project tasks. With the addition of ARRA funding,
EPA greatly expanded its efforts to address more sites and speed
up remediation efforts at some of the most contaminated sites.
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EPA-funded tribal environmental contractors
working at a tank site on Hop/ tribal land.
Photo provided by Bristol Environmental,
EPA's prime contractor - June 2010.
EPA Funding Eligible Cleanups on
Tribal Lands for Leaking Under-
ground Storage Tanks
In Fiscal Year 2010, EPA completed two
federal-funded LUST site cleanups and over-
saw cleanups at 13 additional sites. Since
2005, EPA's Pacific Southwest Regional Office
has provided direct federal funding to over
60 LUST sites on tribal lands and has com-
pleted cleanup work at 20 of these sites.
Others are still underway. The chart (right)
highlights the various phases of each project
currently receiving direct federal funding for site assessment and cleanup.
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Award Winning Navajo Nation UST Inspection Team
In 2010, three EPA employees and two inspectors from the
Navajo Nation were awarded a National Notable
Achievement Award from EPA's Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Warren J. Roan and Henry Haven, Jr.
of the Navajo Nation were recognized for their successful
implementation of the Navajo Nation Field Citation Pilot
Program. This program was a precedent-setting effort that
resulted in the first issuance of EPA UST field citations by
federally-credentialed tribal inspectors in the U.S. Over the
past two years, the Navajo Nation UST inspection team has
conducted 82 inspections and written 16 field citations.
Federal UST credentials have greatly enhanced the credibility
and effectiveness of the Navajo Nation's UST compliance
program.
Henry Haven, Jr. inspecting the underground tanks
at the Navajo Nation Fleet Management vehicle
yard in Window Rock, Arizona.
Leaking Tank Prevention Grant to Washoe Tribe's Federal Credential Program
In September 2009, EPA issued a two-year grant for
$170,000 to the Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California,
funding two tribal staff and the formation of a tribal UST
coalition program. Ultimately, these inspectors will be issued
federal UST Inspector Credentials. The inspectors will provide
more compliance assistance, education, and trainingto under-
ground fuel tank owners and operators for 10 tribes. The
federally-credentialed UST inspectors will greatly decrease
EPA's carbon footprint by having the inspections done by tribal
inspectors rather than by EPA inspectors traveling thousands
of miles from the San Francisco office and back. In addition,
tribal inspectors can provide more frequent compliance
assistance to owners and operators. The Washoe Tribe's
inspectors are scheduled to receive their federal UST
Credentials in 2011.
William Berquist, Inspector with the Washoe Tribe
of Nevada and California, conducting a field
training session and checking for leaks under the
fuel dispensers at a gas station.
Superfund
Northeast Church Rock Site, New Mexico
The Navajo Nation EPA and U.S. EPA conducted oversight of a large, complex, and highly effective interim
cleanup for the residential area of the mine site at the Northeast Church Rock Site (NECR). The action
required effective coordination between Navajo Nation EPA and U.S. EPA, negotiations with General Electric,
and attention to concerns of local residents. As a result, over 100,000 cubic yards of contaminated
material were removed over several months at a cost of over $5 million, and complex issues related to
cleanup levels, historic preservation, and legal jurisdiction were resolved. This action significantly reduced
the health risk to residents and was a huge step forward in the long-term cleanup of the site.
Sulfur Bank Mercury Mine Site, California
U.S. EPA has spent $1 million in American Reinvestment and Recovery Act ("Stimulus") funds to initiate a
removal action to address mercury, arsenic and antimony-contaminated mine wastes that were used in
1970 to construct Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Road 120, the primary access road to the Elem Indian
Colony in Lake County, California. EPA plans to spend an additional $4.5 million by January 2011 to complete
the cleanup. The agency will cap the mine wastes with clean soil, rebuild the asphalt roadway, and install
segments of the water and sewer utility pipelines in the clean soil cover to facilitate future maintenance.
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Cumulative Removal Actions Started on Or Near Tribes
70
60
50
40
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Leaders of the Elem Porno Tribe
have been consulted throughout the
planningand initiation of this important
removal action. The tribe has had many
concerns regarding the historical pre-
servation of their land and has worked
diligently with EPA to resolve those
issues. The agency has signed a
Memorandum of Agreement with the
Elem Porno Tribe and the State Historic
Preservation Officer to assure the
protection of Elem Porno cultural
resources.
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Tuba City Open Dump, Arizona
In June 2009, the BIA provided approximately $1.7 million to EPA to investigate suspected dumping of
uranium-rich waste that may be contaminating groundwater in the area of the Tuba City Open Dump (TCOD).
EPA did not identify uranium in the waste materials, but did further define the extent of groundwater con-
tamination. The Agency completed this work in December 2009.
EPA and BIA are now negotiating an Administrative Order on Consent for oversight of a Remedial Investigation
and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) to develop a full range of cleanup options for the site. Under the order, BIA will
perform the RI/FS with EPA oversight. BIA will start the RI/FS field work in late 2010. Following completion
of the RI/FS, a final remedy will be selected for the site with input from the Navajo Nation, Hopi Tribe,
and the public.
Leviathan Mine Superfund Site, California
The major cleanup effort to prevent acid drainage from
Leviathan Mine Superfund Site has progressed to a stage
involving critical coordination between EPA and the Washoe
Tribe of California and Nevada. Temporary treatment
systems capturing the metal-laden acidic drainage from
the abandoned sulfur mine have substantially improved
water quality, benefiting fish and wildlife along nine miles
of streams in the Sierra Nevada. These creeks flow from
the 7,000-foot-elevation mine in California, through the
Toiyabe National Forest and Washoe Tribe lands, into the
Carson River upstream of the tribe's office in Dresslerville,
Nevada. Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) operated a
biological treatment system throughout the winter on one
portion of the mine. For a second consecutive year, they
treated another major acid source before the end of the
snow melt. This maintained good water quality from early spring, as biological activity increases, and through
the entire summer. This state-of-the-science High Density Sludge treatment system is shut down in the
autumn when heavy snowfall prevents safe access to the power supply at the remote site.
As EPA develops detailed plans for the long-term cleanup, the Washoe Tribe has a major role in assessing
risks faced by tribe members in their cultural uses of resources that may be contaminated by decades of
acid mine drainage releases. EPA and the tribe are also arranging community meetings this year to report
on the project and discuss the next steps.
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Leviathan Creek merging with a clean tributary three
miles downstream of the mine at the start of full treat-
ment in 2010.
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Yerington Paiute Tribe Superfund Support Agency Cooperative Agreementa
Through a Superfund Support Agency Cooperative Agreement with EPA, the Yerington Paiute Tribe has
been providing technical input on the investigation and cleanup of the former Anaconda Copper Mine in
Yerington, Nevada.
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This past year the tribe has been involved in commenting on groundwater issues and on a proposed interim
cleanup action for the former evaporation ponds at the north end of the site.
The tribe has contracted with technical experts to review work plans for investigation and cleanup produced
by the potentially responsible party (PRP), Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), a British Petroleum (BP) affiliated
company.
Cyprus Tohono Corp. Mine Alternative Superfund Site, Arizona
After cleanup operations that involved moving approximately one million cubic yards of mine waste into a
new lined repository at a cost of $50 million were completed in 2008. Tohono O'odham Nation and EPA
have turned their focus to groundwater. Earlier, they found that uranium-contaminated fluids had migrated
to groundwater. The community of North Komelik is located approximately two miles down gradient from
the groundwater flow from the mine. In 2002, the North Komelik drinking water supply wells were replaced
by Cyprus Tohono Corp. (CTC) because sampling indicated uranium and sulfate contamination significantly
above background groundwater levels.
EPA entered into an Administrative Order on Consent with CTC, now owned by Freeport McMoRan, on
September 30, 2009 to investigate groundwater coming from the mine. CTC has been very cooperative,
and in 2010 started the remedial investigation, as well as installing additional monitoring wells in the Plant
Study Area.
Navajo Nation EPA and U.S. EPA Employees Receive
OSWER Environmental Justice Team Award
U.S. EPA and Navajo Nation EPA staff led the development and implementation of the first coordinated
plan to address uranium contamination on the Navajo Nation. This five-year plan was developed in
conjunction with the U.S. House Committee on Government Oversight and Reform, the BIA, Indian Health
Service, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Energy, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the
Navajo Nation.
A key element of the plan is to identify and clean up
contaminated structures, including homes, hogans (tra-
ditional Navajo structures) and storage buildings made
of materials from nearby uranium mines. Building mate-
rial sources include rocks, gravel, and aggregate from
mine spoils which were used in concrete mixing. Struc-
tures were also contaminated by the presence of radio-
logical materials in outdoor soils and by dust brought into
the homes on shoes and clothing.
The U.S. EPA-Navajo Nation EPA team worked closely with
Navajo families, local Navajo Chapter officials, and the
Navajo government to identify, demolish, and rebuild
homes built during Cold-War-Era uranium mining. Since
the project began in 2008, the team has screened nearly
200 structures for potential contamination, and completed demolition and excavation of 27 contaminated
structures and 10 residential yards. The team completed the construction of 14 new homes, and provided
compensation to families wishing to rebuild structures themselves.
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Northeast Church Rock Mine contaminated soil
excavation.
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Contaminated structure being taken down.
New home to replace a contaminated structure.
BROWNFIELDS
Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Assessment Completion, Arizona
Under a Brownfields Assessment Grant, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community completed
the investigation of a 160-acre former feedlot, and will begin cleanup this year using funds from a Brownfields
Cleanup Grant. The site, which has been sitting dormant for more than 17 years, will eventually be redevel-
oped for housing, recreation and gardens.
Targeted Brownfield Assessment (TBA) at Hopland Band of
Porno Indians Reservation California
EPA awarded the Hopland Band of Porno Indians funds
to conduct an assessment of a 460-foot deep drinking
water well. Because of naturally occurring arsenic, other
metals, and high Total Dissolved Solids levels, the water is
not safe for drinking without treatment. Therefore, the
tribe needed to know if the well could be salvaged or if
there were other options for using the water. When the
tribe found that they did not have sufficient funds under
their existing Brownfields Assessment Grant to complete
the work, they requested a TBA (performed by an EPA con-
tractor) to supplement the initial assessment. Due to the
corrosiveness of the water, the artesian flow of the well
and the associated high treatment costs under any reuse
scenario, the Targeted Brownfield Assessment Report
recommended that the well be abandoned by plugging it. The well was safely abandoned by the tribe, using
a Brownfields Cleanup Grant. This well is no longer needed for drinking water.
Top of well head encased in sludge precipitated from
high TDS discharge.
Targeted Brownfields Assessment at Gila River
Indian Community, Arizona
The Gila River Indian Community requested an
assessment at a former ordnance and munitions factory.
The tribe is interested in siting a solar power array in that
area and needed to know if the location was suitable.
The assessment found that the site is suitable for renew-
able energy, including the proposed solar farm, without
doing any cleanup work. The solar generating station could
even be expanded if some old buildings and earthen
mounds were removed. The assessment report also
provided a comparative cost data analysis, to show the
feasibility of developing this land as a renewable energy
site.
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Former ordnance and munitions buildings.
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Healthy Tribal Communities
INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL GENERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (GAP)
FY2010 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Congress provides funding through the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program (GAP) to support
tribes as they increase capacity to plan, develop, and establish environmental programs. Tribes are creating
innovative environmental education programs, developing environmental programs, working collaboratively
with other tribes to solve problems that face multiple tribes nearby, and striving to improve the health of
tribal members and Indian lands. In 2010, 126 of the 147 tribes in the Pacific Southwest, and four inter-
tribal consortia in the region, received GAP funding.
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Number of Tribes and Tribal Consortia
Developing Environmental Programs with
GAP Grants in the Pacific Southwest
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120
100
80
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jfftTfffl
FY93
FY10
Navajo Nation EPA Public Information Officer
From 1944 to 1986, nearly 4,000,000 tons of uranium
ore was extracted from Navajo lands. Although these
mines are currently closed, the legacy of uranium contam-
ination from more than 500 abandoned mines remains.
In 2008, EPA worked with the Navajo Nation and multiple
federal agencies to develop an aggressive Five Year Plan
to address the ongoing environmental and health impacts
of uranium mining. Lillie Lane, a Public Information Officer
with the Navajo Nation Environmental Protection Agency
(NNEPA), has been a vital partner in carrying out this plan.
Lillie meets with families at their homes, translates tech-
nical information to Navajo-speaking residents, and
provides assistance to U.S. EPA's field teams. In order to
reach affected residents, she drives to distant areas of
the Navajo Nation, which encompasses three states and
is roughly the size of West Virginia, to conduct door-to-
door outreach in extremely remote, nearly inaccessible
places to ensure that Navajo families are not drinking
water contaminated with radionuclides. Lillie has built
strong relationships based on trust with many Navajo Nation community members. This has been critical to
minimizing health impacts associated with abandoned uranium mines and helping EPA meet the Five Year
Plan's ambitious goals.
Closing Open Dumps
In October 2009, the Yurok Tribe met the many chal-
lenges posed by a remote and inaccessible illegal dump
site when the tribe closed the Johnsons Road dump. Due
to its large size and position on an extremely steep slope,
closing the dump was a major effort. Tribal staff joined
forces with a contract crew and members of the California
Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (Cal-
Recycle) to construct a rail track on the site. Excavators
were cabled to winches and lowered down the slope to
load waste into rail cars, which were winched up and down
on the rails. Hand crews, sometimes roped and harnessed
for safety, rappelled down the slope to collect debris that
could not be reached by excavators. The project took
more than six weeks to complete, but was finished under budget and removed approximately 138 tons of
waste.
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Joint Tribal-State-Federal dump cleanup on steep slope
at Yurok Reservation
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Using Digital Mapping as an Educational Tool
The environmental office of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria combined native plant
identification and mapping to teach youth how to use GPS and identify native plants. Prior to holding an
environmental youth camp, staff created a pamphlet of native plants found at the camp site. Tribal youth
used the pamphlet to identify the plants and recorded data points with GPS units. Environmental staff
created a map with the information the young tribal members had collected. On the last day of the event,
each participant was given a copy of the map they helped to create. The students learned about six native
coastal plant species, how to identify them in the field, and surveying techniques using maps and GPS
technology.
Environmental Education
During August 2009, the Yomba Shoshone Tribe Office
of Environmental Protection hosted "Yomba Nature Days,"
a youth outdoor education campout. Participants camped
in the Columbine Campground in the Toiyabe Range for
three days. During the camp they learned the history of
the Reese River Valley, wildfire safety, identification of birds
and plants, plant and range health, explored the Reese
River watershed's wetlands, water quality, and aquatic
insects, and had a special visit from Smokey Bear. This
hands-on approach increased the young people's know-
ledge of their surrounding environment and raised aware-
ness regarding safety and hazards in the area.
Yomba Shoshone youth and Smokey Bear at Yomba
Nature Days.
Building Consortia - Maximizing Resources
Six tribes in Lake County, California formed the Hinthil
Environmental Resources Consortium (HERC) in 2001.
Environmental directors from Big Valley Rancheria Band
of Porno Indians, Elem Indian Colony, Habematolel
Porno of Upper Lake, Scotts Valley Band of Porno
Indians, Middletown Rancheria, and Robinson
Rancheria meet monthly to discuss environmental issues
and collaborate on projects. HERC is currently implementing
a tribal water quality monitoring program for Clear Lake,
which has been used by tribes for thousands of years and
has been severely affected by pesticide runoff and con-
tamination from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (a Super-
fund site). HERC members collect monitoring data on a
quarterly basis on Clear Lake and are using the data to
develop a Tribal State of the Waters Report by 2011. This
report will be used to provide data that can be evaluated
and used for decision making by the HERC member tribes.
HERC is a model for tribal collaboration on issues that affect
tribes on a regional basis.
Redwood Valley
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Stewarts Point
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Middletown
Inter-Tribal Efforts in the Clear Lake area.
Emergency Planning
In 2010, several Nevada Tribal Emergency Managers, along with the Tribal State
Environmental Liaison, Indian Health Board of Nevada and Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada,
formed the Nevada Inter-Tribal Emergency Response Commission (ITERC). The purpose of
the ITERC is to perform duties specified in the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986 (SARA), and to increase Tribal Emergency Management capacity through an all-hazards approach.
ITERC's biggest accomplishment has been to provide a single avenue for State/Tribal collaboration, giving a
unified voice for all Nevada Tribal Emergency Management programs. This has meant that all tribes are
included in the planning, regardless of whether they have the funding to have a fully functioning emergency
management program.
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Energy Efficiency Outreach
The Gila River Indian Community's Department of Environmental
Quality (DEQ) Waste Team developed a pamphlet with energy efficiency
tips as part of a climate change outreach effort. The pamphlet has been
distributed among tribal members. As part of the outreach effort, DEQ
staff gave several presentations and conferences to low-income commu-
nity residents on reducing the tribe's dependence on fossil fuels and
lowering the community's carbon footprint.
U.S.-MEXICO BORDER 2012 PROGRAM
San Francisquito O'odham Community Celebrates
Completion of Drinking Water Project
This EPA Border 2012-funded project includes a new solar-powered well
pump, refurbished water storage tank, and distribution system to deliver
safe drinking water to the San Franciscquito Community, on the south
side of the U.S.-Mexico Border. The binational project was built in part-
nership with the Tohono O'odham Nation, the Border Environment
Cooperation Commission, and Mexican Government agencies.
I So The Sulutii.il
'^iitiiiv GOIM'IM,
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Gila River Indian Community energy
efficiency pamphlet
Gu Vo Regional Water System
The Tohono O'odham Nation, Tohono O'odham Utility Authority, EPA, and the Tucson Area IMS cooperated
to complete the $1.1 million Gu Vo Regional Water System intertying two independent community water
systems into one larger system serving 91 homes in the Tohono O'odham communities of Gu Vo and Pia Oik.
The system also has sufficient capacity to support the neighboring Meneger Dam community.
EPA and the Tucson Area IMS jointly funded the project under the Border Infrastructure Tribal Set-aside
Program. It upgraded seven miles of existing water main and was completed in January 2010. As a result,
the communities have a safe water supply. Arsenic and fluoride levels comply with the Safe Drinking Water
Act.
Tribal Feedback on Future Border Program
EPA, in collaboration with the Native American Environmental Protection Coalition (NAEPC), organized a
meeting with Arizona and California border tribes to discuss the next generation of the Border 2012 Pro-
gram. Suggestions included protecting aboriginal territory; conducting assessments in preparation for cli-
mate change adaptation and mitigation; engaging the Department of Interior in natural resources protec-
tion; Department of Homeland Security assistance with undocumented migrant waste issues; more focus
on alternative energy and energy efficiency programs; addressing water quality and water quantity issues;
and working with SEMARNAT (EPA's Mexican counterpart agency) to conduct a needs assessment of indig-
enous Mexican communities and coordination with stakeholders on cross-border public health issues.
PESTICIDE AND HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION EVENTS
On May 5 and 6, 2010, the Shoshone Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation held a pesticide
and hazardous waste collection and disposal pilot project for residents, the local school, and tribal depart-
ments. The Duck Valley Tribal Environmental Protection Office worked with the Tribal Council to inform the
community about the event and encourage participation through meetings and postings. EPA's Superfund
Program took the lead on arranging for the collection and disposal of the waste. As a result of the project,
1,575 pounds of pesticides (including DDT and strychnine), and more than 31,000 pounds of hazardous
and nonhazardous waste were removed from the reservation. This project was a collaborative effort that
included Shoshone Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, the Inter Tribal Council of Nevada, and
EPA's Superfund, Tribal, Solid Waste and Pesticide Programs.
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DANGER POISON
3&
Hazardous Waste at Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian
Community
Strychnine Removed from the Duck Valley Indian
Reservation
At the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community, the Senior Environmental Specialist for Pesticides
and Hazardous Substances organized a hazardous waste collection for tribal government departments.
Approximately 400 pounds and 100 gallons of various pesticides, including four full canisters of deadly
phosphine gas, were removed from the reservation.
The Pesticide Inspector at Colorado River Indian Tribes (GRIT) organized a pesticide container recycling
event held on December 12, 2009. The effort removed a total of 7,125 pounds of pesticide containers
from the reservation. Since the program started in 2007, about 35 tons of pesticide containers have been
recycled.
Collaborative Effort Results in Federal Pesticide Enforcement
Based on investigations conducted by the Fort Mojave Indian Tribe, the Navajo Nation, U.S. EPA, and
the states of Arizona and Idaho, EPA took a $99,600 penalty action against Wilbur-Ellis Corp. for 21 alleged
violations of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Evidence collected by tribal,
state and federal pesticide inspectors indicated that applicators working for Wilbur-Ellis did not wear per-
sonal protective equipment required by pesticide labels, and that the company distributed a restricted use
pesticide to a non-certified applicator, and distributed and sold a misbranded pesticide. Through the coop-
eration of tribal and state pesticide inspectors on this enforcement action, EPA was able to bring some
serious problems to the attention of this large corporation.
The Navajo Nation Pesticide Program conducted an inspection that resulted in an EPA penalty action against
Dollar Store, a California company, for sale and distribution of two unregistered pesticides.
Tribal Pesticide Enforcement Actions
Tribal pesticide programs continue to take enforcement actions against violators of tribal pesticides codes
and ordinances. In FY10, Gila River Indian Community, Colorado River Indian Tribes, Shoshone
Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
all issued enforcement actions, some of which included penalties, against violators of tribal pesticide ordi-
nances.
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Inspection of an Aircraft Used for Pesticide
Applications.
Tribal Inspection of a Pesticide Storage Area
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Worker Protection Standard Inspector Training at
Colorado River Indian Tribes
Worker Safety
In February, 2010, the Colorado River Indian Tribes
(GRIT) held a 3-day training on the federal Worker Protec-
tion Standards for tribal pesticide inspectors from the Rocky
Mountain and South Central Regions. The agenda, devel-
oped by the GRIT pesticide inspector, included inspection
planning, inspection procedures and report writing. As part
of the training, EPA staff provided real-time feedback on
draft inspection reports written by trainees.
The Gila River Indian Community developed an annual
Worker Safety Newsletter in English and Spanish that cov-
ers pesticide safety and the dangers of heat stress to field
workers. The tribe's pesticide program staff distributes
the newsletter to agricultural workers and handlers in the field, growers, and the Community, creating a
positive image for the tribe's pesticide program.
TRIBAL LEAD ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Tribes in the Pacific Southwest Region achieved significant progress in meeting the national strategic goal of
eliminating childhood lead poisoning as a major health threat. Among the accomplishments:
Four tribes completed EPA-approved training to assess lead hazards at pre-1978 tribal housing and child-
occupied buildings, enabling tribal staff to become EPA-certified to conduct lead hazard evaluations.
Three tribes assessed and remediated lead hazards at tribal housing and child-occupied facilities, including
removal of lead-contaminated soil at tribal homes and remediating lead hazards at child-occupied facilities.
Tribes conducted outreach to tribal members, building maintenance workers, school and nursing staff, and
daycare workers on lead's health risks, and how to avoid exposure to lead hazards.
Tribes shared technical expertise on lead's hazards and applicable requirements with other tribes, and
conducted lead hazard outreach with non-tribal neighbors at county health forums and local Earth Day
events.
Lead-related work was conducted by Big Valley
Rancheria, Buena Vista Rancheria, Colorado River
Indian Tribes, Fallen Paiute-Shoshone Tribe, Fort
Bidwell Indian Community, Graton Rancheria,
Hoopa Valley Tribe, Hopi Tribe, North Fork
Rancheria, Soboba Band, South Fork Band, Torres
Martinez Tribe, and the Inter-Tribal Council of Ari-
zona.
For more details: www.epa.gov/region9/toxic/lead/lead-
child-indiancountry/index.html
Tribal staff taking dust wipe sample at homes to deter-
mine potential lead hazards. Samples are sent for lab
analysis. In pre-1978 housing, abrasion generates lead-
contaminated dust from painted walls, floors, and
window frames.
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Clean and Safe Water
EPA and tribes have worked together for more than two decades to achieve clean and safe water by
building water infrastructure projects, protecting underground sources of drinking water, and implementing
water quality monitoring and restoration projects.
Building Water Infrastructure
EPA Funding for Tribal Wastewater and Drinking Water
Infrastructure in the Pacific Southwest
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$45
$40
$35
$30
$25
$20
$15
$10
$5
$0
DWTSA
ARRA
CWTSA
ARRA
DWTSA
Border
LO co r~ co o>
r~co
EPA Region 9 Tribal Wastewater and Drinking Water Infrastructure Funding History.
In 2009, the Clean Water Act Indian Set-Aside Program awarded
$3.8 million and through the American Reinvestment and Recovery
Act (ARRA), EPA awarded an additional $22.3 million for multiple
wastewater projects that serve 19,741 homes. The Drinking Water
Tribal Set-Aside program awarded $3.5 million and an additional
$8.4 million was awarded through the ARRA for multiple drinking
water infrastructure projects to address high priority public health
needs for 8,490 homes. Several projects were successfully com-
pleted in 2010, including projects at the Hopi Reservation and
Tohono O'odham Nation.
The Hopi Water Resources Department and Village of Shungopavi
on the Hopi Reservation received Drinking Water Tribal Set-Aside
grants in 2000 and 2001 totaling $1.91 million to develop a new
well water source, elevated water storage tank, and upgrades of
water distribution facilities in the Village of Shungopavi. The cost
of the water storage tank exceeded original estimates and an ARRA
Drinking Water Tribal Set-Aside grant provided Hopi an additional
$276,400 to complete the tank. The water storage tank went on-
line in spring 2010 and provides additional water storage for 225
homes.
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New water storage tank for the Village of
Shungopavi on the Hopi Reservation.
The Tohono O'odham Nation received Drinking Water Tribal Set-Aside grants in 2004 and 2005 for a
project that serves 20 homes in Gunsight, a small community on the western edge of the Nation. The
grants were to fund a new water storage tank and 4-inch water pipes to replace deteriorated and under-
sized pipelines. However, after further analysis, 6-inch water pipes were determined to be the preferred
size to reduce friction losses. Due to this change as well as inflation and rapid increases in fuel costs,
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Workers James Johnson and Gary Wilson, Jr. install
a valve to connect the Gunsight community wells
to the upgraded water distribution system.
funding was insufficient to complete the original project. In
2009, an ARRA Drinking Water Tribal Set-Aside grant provided
Tohono O'odham Nation supplemental funds to upgrade
the water main and connect the new tank to the community.
The project was completed in summer 2010.
Assessing Water Quality
In 2010, 99 tribes were eligible to develop and carry out water
quality monitoring programs under the Clean Water Act Section
106 Water Pollution Control Program. EPA provided more than
$8.5 million in grant funding to tribes to monitor, conduct
studies and assessments of surface and ground water quality
conditions and track water quality trends. More than 50
tribes are implementing their water quality monitoring strat-
egies and 40 tribes are providing water quality data to EPA
electronically.
In 2010, the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe began
monitoring and assessing their water quality for multiple
parameters at six sites on the reservation following their
EPA-approved Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP). The
tribe submitted their water quality data to EPA and shared
their findings with tribal members through outreach and
education activities, including articles in the tribe's
newsletter. They are also using the water quality data
findings to assist with the development of their man-
agement plan to address polluted runoff.
Throughout 2010, tribes have been training other tribes
on water quality monitoring and assessment activities on
Indian reservations, providing real hands-on practice. In
May, staff from the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Water
Quality Department held a training on biological monitor-
ing with the Pinoleville Porno Nation for tribes in the
Clear Lake area of Northern California. The training was
tailored to local conditions and allowed for hands-on learn-
ing in local waterways.
Improving Water Quality
Using results from water quality monitoring and
assessments conducted over the years, tribes have
addressed water quality issues of concern under the Clean
Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
Program. Tribes use CWA Section 319 funds to develop
and carry out polluted runoff control programs, addressing
critical water quality concerns and achieving positive
environmental results on the reservations and in the
watersheds. In 2010, 81 tribes were eligible to carry out
their nonpoint source programs.
Carmen Armitage, Water Quality Specialist at Timbisha
Shoshone Tribe, conducting water quality monitoring
at one of the tribe's monitoring sites.
Biological monitoring training atAckerman Creek at
Pinoleville Porno Nation. Shown are Robert James of
Pinoleville Porno Nation, Debbie McCubbin of Robinson
Rancheria of Porno Indians, Shi Martinez of Coyote
Valley Porno Indians, Dan Mosley of Pyramid Lake
Paiute Tribe, and David Edmunds of Pinoleville Porno
Nation.
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In 2009, the Bishop Paiute Tribe Water Quality Control Program installed 1230 feet of fencing along the
south fork of Bishop Creek in the Owens Valley to restrict livestock access to the creek, in an effort to
stabilize the streambank, and improve downstream water quality. CWA Section 319 funds were used to
purchase materials and install the fence. The project is expected to lessen sedimentation and turbidity
downstream of the site, which will benefit aquatic invertebrates and fish by providing healthy streambed
habitat and a clearer water column, making it easier for fish to see their food.
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Before project implementation on
South Fork of Bishop Creek at
Bishop Paiute Indian Reservation.
Completed exclusion fencing project at same site.
In 2010, the Quechan Indian Tribe implemented a
habitat conservation and riparian restoration project with
a CWA Section 319 grant supplemented with funds from
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Natural Resource Conser-
vation Services, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. A four-
man crew cleared sixty acres which consisted mainly of
invasive tamarisk (salt cedar) by hand at the Bee Wash
area next to a trailer park. The crew restored the site
with native species including cotton-wood, sandbar willow,
and honey mesquite to provide a riparian habitat for
endangered birds such as the Southwestern willow fly-
catcher and Yuma clapper rail.
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Reggie Antone, Quechan Indian Tribe Environmental
Department employee and tribal member, planting
bundles of sandbar (coyote) willow poles for bank
stabilization along the Colorado River.
Protecting Sources of Drinking Water on
Tribal Lands
In 2008, the Tribal Source Water Assessment and
Protection Program provided more than $300,000 to
seven tribes for projects to be carried out through 2010. The funding is used to assess human health risks
to drinking water supplies and develop methods to protect, prevent, or reduce contamination of drinking
water sources.
EPA issued a Direct Implementation Tribal Cooperative Agreement (DITCA) grant to Santa Rosa Rancheria
in Central California to carry out a four-step assessment of the tribe's drinking water supply. The project
included mapping source water protection areas, a potential contaminant source inventory, a susceptibility
analysis, and a public education campaign. Santa Rosa Rancheria also worked to educate tribal members
about the importance of protecting water sources.
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