Ecological Soil Screening Levels
for
DDT and Metabolites
OSWER Directive 9285.7-57
^ PRO****
P*
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
April 2007
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR DDT (AND METABOLITES) 1
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS 4
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES 4
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE 7
5.1 Avian TRV 7
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL 7
6.0 ECO-SSL FORMAMMALIAN WILDLIFE 15
6.1 Mammalian TRV 15
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL 1_5
7.0 REFERENCES 22
7.1 General DDT (and metabolites) References 22
7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs 24
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
24
7.4 References Used in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs 3_7
7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV 47
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 DDT (and metabolites) Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) 3.
Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - DDT (and metabolites) 5.
Table 4.1 Soil Invertetbrate Toxicity Data - DDT (and metabolites) 6
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value ( TRV) -
DDT (and metabolites) 8
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for DDT (and metabolites) 14
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value
(TRV) - DDT (and metabolites) 16
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 2J_
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for DDT (and metabolites) 13
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for DDT (and metabolites) 20
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - DDT (and metabolites)
Appendix 6-1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - DDT (and metabolites)
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) are concentrations of contaminants in soil that are
protective of ecological receptors that commonly come into contact with and/or consume biota
that live in or on soil. Eco-SSLs are derived separately for four groups of ecological receptors:
plants, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals. As such, these values are presumed to provide
adequate protection of terrestrial ecosystems. Eco-SSLs are derived to be protective of the
conservative end of the exposure and effects species distribution, and are intended to be applied
at the screening stage of an ecological risk assessment. These screening levels should be used to
identify the contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) that require further evaluation in the
site-specific baseline ecological risk assessment that is completed according to specific guidance
(U.S. EPA, 1997, 1998, and 1999). The Eco-SSLs are not designed to be used as cleanup levels
and the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that it would
be inappropriate to adopt or modify the intended use of these Eco-SSLs as national cleanup
standards.
The detailed procedures used to derive Eco-SSL values are described in separate documentation
(U.S. EPA, 2003). The derivation procedures represent the group effort of a multi-stakeholder
group consisting of federal, state, consulting, industry, and academic participants led by the U.S.
EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
This document provides the Eco-SSL values for DDT (and metabolites) and the documentation
for their derivation. This document provides guidance and is designed to communicate national
policy on identifying DDT (and metabolites) concentrations in soil that may present an
unacceptable ecological risk to terrestrial receptors. The document does not, however, substitute
for EPA's statutes or regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose
legally-binding requirements on EPA, states, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a
particular situation based upon the circumstances of the site. EPA may change this guidance in
the future, as appropriate. EPA and state personnel may use and accept other technically sound
approaches, either on their own initiative, or at the suggestion of potentially responsible parties,
or other interested parties. Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions and objections
about the substance of this document and the appropriateness of the application of this document
to a particular situation. EPA welcomes public comments on this document at any time and may
consider such comments in future revisions of this document.
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR DDT (AND METABOLITES)
DDT (l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) was once produced and used as a broad
spectrum pesticide. The potent insecticidal properties of DDT act by opening sodium channels
in insect neurons, causing the neuron to fire spontaneously. This leads to uncontrolled spasming
and eventual death. DDT was responsible for eradicating malaria from Europe and North
America, and was also extensively used as an agricultural insecticide after 1945.
Technical-grade DDT is a mixture of three forms, p,p'-DDT (85%), o,p'-DDT (15%), and
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 1 April 2007
-------
o,o'-DDT (trace amounts) and may also contain DDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2- bis(p-chlorophenyl)
ethylene) and ODD (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) as contaminants. DDE and
DDD are breakdown products of DDT and have similar chemical and physical properties
(ATSDR, 2002). DDD was also used in the past to kill pests, but to a far lesser extent than DDT.
DDE is only found in the environment as a result of the degradation of DDT. In 1975, DDT was
banned for agricultural use in the U.S. but remains in use in some countries to control malaria.
U.S. law also allows EPA to authorize unregistered use for a limited time under emergency
conditions (USEPA, 2000; HSDB).
In soils, DDT is immobile under aerobic conditions with a mean half life ranging from 2 to 15
years (Racke et al., 1997; Lichtenstein and Schulz, 1959; Tu and Miles, 1976; Jury et al., 1983;
Stewart and Chisholm, 1971; HSDB). DDT is metabolized by microbial systems in soils and is
broken down into DDE and DDD. Significant degradation has been demonstrated in soils under
anaerobic conditions, while little or no degradation was observed under aerobic conditions
(Johnsen, 1976; Sanborn et al., 1977; Pan et al., 1970; HSDB). Biodegradation, however, is
highly variable and influenced by the populations of required microorganisms (Johnsen, 1976;
Sanborn et al., 1977; HSDB). Various amendments to soils such as energy and carbon sources,
were shown to increase degradation under anaerobic but not aerobic conditions (Johnsen, 1976;
Pan et al., 1970; Castro and Yoshida, 1974; HSDB). DDT has been shown to readily degrade in
certain flooded soils (Castro and Yoshida, 1971; HSDB). DDT is apparently co-metabolized by
microorganisms and is not used as a sole carbon source. Products of biodegradation include
DDD and DDE and occasionally DBF (4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone) (Johnsen, 1976; Sanborn et
al., 1977; HSDB).
DDT metabolism is through DDD, which can be subsequently degraded to
dichlorobenozphenone (DDCO) or bis(p-chlorophenyl) methane. DDD degrades in the
environment more rapidly than DDT itself or DDE. DDE is very stable to further degradation
and there is no evidence to indicate that DDE is reduced to DDD (Callahan et al., 1979; HSDB).
Biotransformation of DDT occurs more readily under anaerobic conditions than in aerobic
systems; transformation of DDT to DDE is favored in aerobic systems, whereas DDD is the
major metabolite in anaerobic environments. In some aerobic experiments both DDE and DDD
have been found as metabolites (Callahan et al., 1979; HSDB). The products formed as a result
of DDT metabolism are determined by the environment where metabolism or chemical
transformation occurs. Some studies suggest that the ultimate transformation of DDT to DDCO
by way of DDD requires cycling through anaerobic and aerobic systems, so that metabolism and
transport by way of sorption/desorption will be required for total DDT degradation (Callahan et
al., 1979; HSDB).
The 1972, the EPA decision to ban DDT for most uses in the U.S. was significantly influenced
by a large body of scientific information documenting adverse effects to wildlife (U.S. EPA,
1975). These observed effects were severe, including the lethality of DDT to birds and fish and
the DDE-induced reproductive effects in birds, particularly eggshell thinning (U.S. EPA, 1975).
Historically, observations of high mortality in local wild bird populations occurred
coincidentally with application of DDT for pest control (U.S. EPA, 1975). In particular, DDT
has been cited as a major reason for the decline of the bald eagle in the 1950s and 1960s.
The most important reproductive effect observed in birds concerns eggshell thinning.
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 2 April 2007
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Experimental studies established a scientific link between DDT/DDE/DDD exposure,
particularly DDE, and avian eggshell thinning, which weighed significantly in the decision to
ban most domestic crop uses of DDT in the 1970s (U.S. EPA, 1975). In general, raptors,
waterfowl, passerines, and nonpasserine ground birds were more susceptible to eggshell thinning
than domestic fowl and other gallinaceous birds, and DDE appears to have been a more potent
inducer of eggshell thinning than DDT (Cooke, 1973; U.S. EPA, 1975; Lundholm, 1997; WHO,
1989). Further, reproductive disturbances associated with DDT/DDE/DDD exposure continue to
be reported in North American populations of predatory birds and/or birds that migrate to
regions such as South America where DDT is still used (Lundholm, 1997).
Possible mechanisms of eggshell thinning in birds have been extensively studied and reviewed
(Cooke, 1973; U.S. EPA, 1975; Lundholm, 1997; Peakall et al., 1975; WHO, 1989). The leading
hypothesis for DDE-induced thinning involves an inhibition by p,p'-DDE (but not by o,p'-DDE
or DDT or DDD isomers) of prostaglandin synthesis in the shell gland mucosa (Lundholm,
1997). Overall, there is still some question as to the primary mechanism and reviewers have
suggested that these may differ between bird species or differ with environmental conditions or
physiological state for a given species.
Exposure to DDT/DDD/DDE is associated with reproductive toxicity in avian wildlife including
embryo lethality (Porter and Wiemeyer 1969; Heath et al., 1969; Longcore et al. 1971),
decreased egg size and weight (Wilson et al., 1973; Jefferies, 1969; Peakall 1970), delayed
oviposition after mating (Vangilder and Peterle 1980; Cecil et al. 1971; Jefferies 1967, 1969;
Richie and Peterle 1979; Peakall 1970), ovarian effects (Gish and Chura, 1970; Bitman et
al.,1968; Keith and Mitchell, 1993) and testicular effects (Gish and Chura, 1970; Burlington and
Lindeman, 1950; George and Sunararaj, 1995; Locke et al., 1966).
Table 2.1 DDT (and metabolites) Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil)
Plants
NA
Soil Invertebrates
NA
Wildlife
Avian
0.093
Mammalian
0.021
NA = Not Available. Data were insufficient to derive an Eco-SSL.
Eco-SSL values were derived for DDT (and metabolites) for avian and mammalian wildlife.
Eco-SSL values for DDT (and metabolites) could not be derived for plants or soil invertebrates.
For these receptor groups, data were insufficient to derive soil screening values. Eco-SSL values
calculated for avian and mammalian wildlife are equal to 0.093 mg/kg dry weight (dw) and
0.021 mg/kg dw, respectively.
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites)
April 2007
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3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 195 were selected for acquisition for
further review. Of those papers acquired, five met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S. EPA,
2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers were reviewed and the studies were scored
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). Five received an
Evaluation Score greater than ten. These studies are listed in Table 3.1.
There was only one study that was eligible to derive an Eco-SSL according to the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). A minimum of 3 results are required for
calculation of an Eco-SSL. The remaining studies that scored 10 or higher were unbounded No
Observed Adverse Effect Concentrations (NOAEC) that were not considered acceptable for use
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). An Eco-SSL could not
be derived for plants for DDT (and metabolites).
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 174 papers were acquired for further
review. Of those papers acquired, eight met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers were reviewed and the studies were scored according to
the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). Eleven received an Evaluation Score
greater than ten. These studies are listed in Table 4.1.
There were no studies that were eligible to derive an Eco-SSL according to the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). The available studies with a score higher than 10
are LC50 values (concentrations lethal to 50% of the test population) which are not considered
acceptable for derivation of an Eco-SSL (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). An Eco-SSL could
not be derived for soil invertebrates for DDT (and metabolites).
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 4 April 2007
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - DDT
Reference
Pareek and Gaur, 1970
Raj anna and De la Cruz, 1977
Raj anna and De la Cruz, 1977
Raj anna and De la Cruz, 1977
Raj anna and De la Cruz, 1977
IP
Number
17330
16370*
16370
16370
16370
Study
ID
a
a
b
c
d
Test Organism
Common bean
Cotton
Soybean
Corn
Wheat
Phaseolus aureus
Gossypium hirsutum
Gfycine max.
Zea mays
Triticum aestivum
Soil pH
7.8
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
OM%
0.9
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
Bio-
availability
Score
0
1
1
1
1
ERE
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Tox
Parameter
MATC
NOAEC
NOAEC
NOAEC
NOAEC
Tox Value-
Soil Cone.
(mg/kg dw)
7.1
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
Total
Evaluation
Score
12
15
15
15
15
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
N
N
N
N
Used for
Eco-SSL?
N
N
N
N
N
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
GRO = Growth
LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration
MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration. Geometric mean of NOAEC and LOAEC.
N=No
*In this paper results are presented for high, medium and low vigor seeds. High vigor seeds were untreated while medium vigor seeds were raised in moisture content to 16% stored for 15 days and
then heated to 40 degrees C for two days and the low vigor seeds were heated for five days instead of two. Only the untreated high vigor seed results were considered acceptable for use in deriving EC
SSLs.
NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration
OM = Organic matter content
Bioavailability Score described rnGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described inGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for DDT
April2007
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Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - DDT
Reference
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1964
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
Harris, 1966
IP
Number
9602
9602
9602
9602
7783
9602
9602
9602
9602
9602
9602
Study
ID
a
b
c
d
a
e
f
g
h
i
j
Test Organism
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Common cricket
Oryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Oryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Soil
pH
<7
<7
<7
<7
7.2
<7
<7
<7
<7
<7
<7
OM%
0.0
0.5
1.4
2.0
1.4
6.6
9.1
15.9
18.8
39.8
64.6
Bio-
availability
Score
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
ERE
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Tox
Parameter
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Tox Value
(Soil Cone at
mg/kg dw)
0.08
1.75
3.1
4.1
4.3
11.4
4.2
11.8
20.4
45.3
77.2
Total
Evaluation
Score
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Used for
Eco-SSL?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
LCso = Concentration lethal to 50% of test population
MOR = Mortality
N = No
OM = Organic matter content
Bioavailability Score described mGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S.EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for DDT
April 2007
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5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the toxicity
reference value (TRV) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of
three surrogate species based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003).
5.1 Avian TRV
The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) identified 1,149 papers with possible toxicity data for either avian or
mammalian species. Of these papers, 977 papers were rejected for use as described in Section
7.5. Of the remaining papers, 105 contained data for avian test species. These papers were
reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA,
2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are summarized in
Table 5.1. The complete results are included as Appendix 5-1.
Within the 105 papers there are 278 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH), physiology
(PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) endpoints
that meet the Data Evaluation Score of > 65 for use to derive the TRV. These data are plotted in
Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data presented in Table 5.1. The no-observed adverse
effect level (NOAEL) results for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a geometric mean
NOAEL. This mean NOAEL is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded lowest-observed
adverse effect level (LOAEL) for reproduction, growth, and survival to derive the TRV
according to procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction is calculated at 4.66 mg
DDT (and metabolites) /kg bw/day. However, this value is higher than the lowest bounded
LOAEL for either reproduction, growth, or survival results. Therefore, the TRV is equal to the
highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth, and
survival results and is equal to 0.227 mg DDT (and metabolites) /kg bw/day.
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for avian wildlife, one for each of three
surrogate species representing different trophic groups. The avian Eco-SSLs were calculated
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003) and are summarized in Table 5.2.
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 7 April 2007
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Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 1 of 5
Result #
Reference
RefNo.
Form
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
<
Age Units
Lifestage
1
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose*
^mg/kg bw/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Heinz etal, 1980
Greichus and Hannon 1973
Dieter, 1975
Bunyanetal., 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Bunyanetal., 1972
Cecil etal., 1971
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Cooke, 1970
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Dieter 1974
Peakall, 1970
Wiemeyer et al, 1986
Lundholm, 1985
Lundholm, 1985
Sell etal, 1971
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Westlake etal., 1979
Stanley et al., 1978
Stanley et al., 1978
Stanley et al., 1978
Stanley et al., 1978
Cecil etal., 1973
Cecil etal., 1971
Siftietal., 1975
Gillett and Aiscott, 1969
Siftietal., 1975
Britton, 1975
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Sell etal., 1972
Sell etal., 1972
Britton, 1975
Silver and Alpern, 1979
Ragland et al., 1971
Greichus and Hannon 1973
990
3332
3254
3209
71
71
3209
3218
71
71
3183
3183
14916
3183
77
14926
3662
3462
3462
1106
3208
3656
3601
3601
3601
3601
3187
3218
3591
975
3591
3203
3208
3583
3583
3203
3592
3563
11434
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDMU
DDMU
DDMU
DDT
DDE
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus*)
Starling (Sturnus vulgar is)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica *)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
American kestrel (palco sparverius)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus*)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
White pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
3
5
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
8
9
7
21
14
14
21
74
14
14
9
5
3
5
12
29
1
45
45
12
21
32
31
31
31
31
2
74
14
23
14
18
21
4
22
18
3
8
10
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
vr
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
d
w
NR
NR
NR
4
2
2
4
39
2
2
5
5
73
5
2
NR
NR
1
1
30
4
28
4
4
4
4
39
39
8
4
8
8
4
0
0
8
8
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
mo
NR
NR
yr
yr
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
mo
w
d
d
mo
d
NR
NR
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
SM
AD
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
F
M
B
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
M
B
F
F
F
B
F
NR
M
B
HRM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HRM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
HRM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
DOPA
VTMA
CEST
MCPR
CAAH
CAAH
MCPR
CALC
CAAH
CAAH
LIPD
LIPD
CALC
LIPD
CRKI
GENZ
LIPD
CALC
CALC
AHDX
AHDX
GOTR
G6PD
G6PD
G6PD
G6PD
VTMA
CALC
MCPR
AEPX
MCPR
ESDL
P450
AHDX
AHDX
ESDL
CALC
GENZ
PRTL
BR
LI
PI
LI
EG
EG
LI
EG
EG
EG
AR
AR
SR
AR
NR
LI
LI
RT
EG
LI
LI
PL
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
EG
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
PL
LI
BL
0.148
0.221
0.687
6.10
6.29
11.5
12.3
13.0
21.1
23.4
32.5
33.7
37.6
39.0
1.420
0.552
3.44
12.2
25.1
0.674
1.14
1.30
2.25
2.25
5.63
6.15
6.50
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.3
13.0
13.4
13.5
13.8
14.8
18.0
26.0
28.5
31.6
42.5
71.0
72.0
78
76
71
76
74
70
66
69
70
68
69
69
70
69
69
69
70
69
69
70
69
70
69
69
69
69
70
69
69
69
69
69
70
69
70
69
70
69
74
Behavior (BEH)
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Heinz etal., 1980
Davison and Sell, 1974
Mahoney 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Azevedoetal., 1965
Mahoney 1975
Siftietal., 1975
Siftietal., 1975
990
942
14896
71
3801
14896
3591
3591
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica*)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus*)
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis*)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
4
4
3
3
4
3
2
2
M
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
8
343
4
14
105
6
14
14
w
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
NR
2
NR
2
NR
NR
8
8
NR
yr
NR
w
NR
NR
d
d
AD
AD
NR
JV
AD
NR
JV
JV
B
F
NR
F
B
NR
B
B
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
FCNS
FCNS
NMVM
EQUL
FCNS
NMVM
INST
INST
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
0.148
0.754
1.0
6.29
1.42
7.54
5.2
25.1
0.411
1.04
13.4
13.8
78
70
72
77
73
68
72
72
Physiology (PHY)
48
49
50
Jefferies and French 1971
Jefferies et al, 1971
Jefferies et al, 1971
14921
14922
14922
DDT
DDT
DDT
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia )
Bengalese finch (Lonckura striata *)
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia )
3
2
6
u
u
u
OR
FD
OR
19
6
3
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AD
NR
AD
B
B
B
PHY
PHY
PHY
BTMP
HTRT
HTRT
WO
WO
WO
0.237
3.80
2.85
7.50
3.0
69
84
76
Pathology (PTH)
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
Heinz etal., 1980
Greichus and Hannon 1973
Chura and Stewart 1967
Dieter 1974
Chura and Stewart 1967
Cecil etal., 1978
Hurst etal., 1974
Sell etal, 1971
Stanley et al., 1978
Stanley et al., 1978
Stanley et al., 1978
Bunyanetal., 1972
Bunyanetal., 1972
Cecil etal., 1973
Gillett and Arscott, 1969
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Hill etal., 1971
Britton, 1975
990
3332
3766
77
3766
3220
3388
1106
3601
3601
3601
3209
3209
3187
975
3208
3377
3204
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
ODD
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus*)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus')
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica*)
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus*)
4
4
2
4
5
4
4
3
8
4
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
8
9
120
12
55
30
2
12
31
31
31
21
21
2
23
21
5
9
w
w
d
w
d
d
mo
w
d
d
d
d
d
mo
w
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
11
NR
30
4
4
4
4
4
39
4
4
NR
19
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
mo
NR
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
NR
mo
AD
JV
JV
SM
AD
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
B
B
B
M
B
M
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
F
M
F
ORW
ORW
ITX
ORW
ITX
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
GRS
ITX
ORWT
SMIX
GITX
SMIX
GITX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
BDWT
GITX
LI
LI
WO
LI
WO
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
WO
WO
0.148
0.552
0.576
0.674
0.713
2.29
5.16
11.3
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.2
12.3
12.3
13.5
18.0
20.2
29.0
1.420
1.10
3.37
11.41
22.9
51.6
40.5
58.1
78
79
74
76
76
73
77
73
68
70
68
73
73
73
70
71
75
74
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 2 of 5
Result #
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Reference
Cooke, 1970
Jefferies and French 1971
Ghosh etal, 1997
Wiemeyer et al, 1986
Lehman et al., 1974
Lillieetal., 1973
Kolaja and Hinton, 1978
Jefferies et al, 1971
Kolaja and Hinton, 1976
Genelly and Rudd, 1 955
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Jefferies and French, 1969
Stanley et al., 1978
Sifiietal., 1975
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Silver and Alpern, 1979
Greichus and Hannon 1973
Tarrant et al., 1983
RefNo.
14916
14921
3315
3662
3438
3440
3430
14922
3378
14919
3208
3400
3601
3591
3183
3183
3592
11434
3622
Form
DDT
DDT
ODD
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDMU
Test Organism
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Homing Pigeon (Columba Hvia )
Pigeon (Coumba Hvia )
American kestrel (palco sparverius)
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Homing Pigeon (Columba Hvia *)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Homing Pigeon (Columba Hvia *)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
White pelican (j*elecanus erythrorhynchos)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
# of Cone/ Doses
2
6
2
2
4
2
2
7
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
Route of Exposure
GV
OR
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
3
56
4
1
242
28
6
8
7
74
21
42
31
14
5
5
3
10
7
Duration Units
w
d
d
yr
d
w
mo
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
&
<
73
NR
NR
NR
28
72
NR
NR
NR
6
4
NR
4
8
5
5
8
NR
28
Age Units
d
NR
NR
NR
d
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
w
NR
w
d
w
w
d
NR
d
Lifestage
JV
AD
AD
AD
JV
SM
LB
AD
NR
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
1
M
B
B
M
F
F
F
B
F
B
F
B
F
B
M
F
NR
B
F
Effect Type
ORW
ORW
HIS
GRS
ORW
GRS
HIS
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
Effect Measure
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
ORWT
BDWT
GHIS
ORWT
EDMA
GHIS
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
CTYP
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
Response Site
LI
TY
TY
WO
BR
WO
SG
HE
RT
LI
LI
BR
LI
LI
AR
AR
LI
LI
LI
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
37.6
LOAEL Dose*
^mg/kg bw/day)
0.237
0.40
1.30
1.79
2.74
2.81
3.0
4.22
6.02
6.15
9.10
12.0
13.0
33.7
39.0
42.5
72.0
145
Data Evaluation Score
75
67
69
73
72
78
72
76
72
73
73
80
72
72
72
72
73
77
78
Reproduction (REP)
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
Lincer, 1975
Carlisle etal., 1986
Davison and Sell, 1974
Davison and Sell, 1974
Davison and Sell, 1974
Smith, etal. 1969
Heath etal, 1969
Vangilder and Peterle, 1981
Haseltine et al., 1974
Davison etal 1976
Lillieetal., 1973
Stephen etal, 1971
Carnio and McQueen, 1973
Lundholm, 1990
Cecil etal. 1972
Cecil etal. 1972
Cecil etal. 1972
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Kolaja, 1977
Kolaja, 1977
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Aiscottetal 1972
Azevedo etal., 1965
Scott, 1977
Scott etal., 1975
Davison etal 1976
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Simpson et al., 1972
Simpson et al., 1972
Grassle and Biessmann, 1982
Pepperell, 1972
Davison and Sell 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Scott etal., 1975
Scott, 1977
Waibel et al., 1972
Robsonetal., 1976
Britton, 1975
Robsonetal., 1976
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Cecil etal., 1978
George and Sundararaj 1995
Davison etal 1976
Smith etal., 1969
Cooke, 1970
MendenhaM et al., 1983
Vanglider and Peterle, 1983
Dasadhikari, et al, 1996
3443
3215
942
942
942
3805
3722
3638
3356
3239
3440
14929
3216
3459
3219
3219
3219
3440
3440
3440
3427
3427
3442
3442
3442
3166
3801
3579
3580
3239
71
3593
3593
3324
3548
944
71
3580
3579
3642
3575
3204
3575
71
3220
3313
3239
3595
14916
1042
3636
3157
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
Mixture
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
ODD
American kestrel (palco sparverius)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus*)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Barn owl (Tyto alba )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
pigeon (Coumba Hvia )
5
4
4
5
4
5
3
2
2
4
3
2
2
2
4
4
4
3
3
2
3
3
4
4
4
2
4
3
3
4
3
2
2
3
4
3
3
2
2
2
3
4
2
5
4
6
5
4
2
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
OR
6
22
22
3
343
2
1
66
11
16
40
18
50
45
28
28
28
40
40
28
7
14
28
28
28
32
105
10
10
12
14
15
15
70
6
12
14
10
10
30
168
28
168
14
30
47
13
40
3
1
61
5
mo
w
w
mo
d
mo
yr
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
d
w
yr
d
d
NR
NR
NR
1
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
9
26
18
60
55
NR
NR
NR
26
26
72
NR
NR
26
26
26
NR
NR
NR
NR
9
2
6
6
5
NR
30
2
NR
NR
9
1
19
1
2
11
30
14
8
73
1.5-6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
yr
yr
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
mo
d
w
NR
NR
NR
w
w
w
NR
NR
w
w
w
NR
NR
mo
NR
w
w
w
w
w
NR
w
w
NR
NR
mo
d
mo
d
w
mo
w
w
w
d
yr
NR
NR
LB
LB
SM
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
JV
JV
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
JV
LB
LB
JV
LB
LB
AD
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
Ff
F
F
F
F
M
M
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
F
F
M
F
F
M
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
ESTH
ESTH
ESWT
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
RSUC
EGWT
ESTH
TPRD
FERT
ESQU
FERT
ESWT
EGWT
EGWT
EGWT
FERT
FERT
TPRD
ESTH
ESTH
FERT
FERT
FERT
GREP
PROG
TPRD
PROG
EGWT
ESTH
RHIS
RHIS
CRAK
FTEG
NOPN
ESTH
PROG
TPRD
TPRD
CRAK
ESTH
TPRD
CRAK
TEWT
SPCV
EGWT
FTEG
TEWT
PROG
EGWT
TEDG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
EG
EG
WO
WO
EG
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
WO
WO
EG
EG
WO
WO
WO
SM
WO
WO
WO
EG
EG
TE
TE
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
WO
WO
EG
EG
WO
EG
TE
SM
EG
EG
TE
WO
WO
TE
0.0396
0.0563
0.0754
0.113
0.197
0.370
0.563
0.563
0.592
1.30
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.98
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.72
2.74
2.74
2.83
2.83
2.99
3.01
3.03
3.08
4.51
4.67
4.67
5.20
5.28
6.09
6.09
6.50
9.37
9.85
11.5
12.3
12.7
14.1
14.2
14.5
16.4
22.4
22.9
25.0
25.0
25.7
37.6
0.396
0.281
0.754
1.13
1.97
0.494
1.892
5.20
6.07
21.1
32.5
46.9
42.5
29.0
37.5
51.5
0.211
0.281
0.294
83
82
84
83
84
84
84
78
78
82
71
69
69
78
69
69
69
71
71
71
69
69
80
80
80
66
85
76
78
69
83
69
69
82
83
79
79
74
74
70
86
84
71
79
66
92
71
84
79
83
78
74
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 3 of 5
Result #
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
Reference
Peakall et al, 1973
Heath etal, 1969
Cecil etal., 1973
Cecil etal., 1973
Haseltine et al., 1974
Kolaja, 1977
Kolaja, 1977
Longcore etal., 1971
Longcore and Stendell, 1977
Vangilder and Peterle, 1980
Heath etal, 1969
Haegele and Hudson 1977
Peakall et al., 1973
Peakall, 1970
Richie and Peterle, 1979
Wiemeyer and Porter, 1970
Shellenberger, 1978
Pritchardetal., 1972
Risebrough and Anderson, 1975
Lundholm, 1993
Greenburg et al, 1979
Lundholm, 1980
Lundholm, 1980
Haegele and Hudson 1974
Haegele etal., 1974
Lundholm, 1985
Peakall et al., 1973
Jefferies 1971
Jefferies 1971
Kolaja and Hinton, 1979
McLane and Hall, 1972
Kolaja and Hinton, 1977
Kolaja and Hinton, 1976
Haseltine et al., 1974
Haegele and Hudson, 1973
Sauter and Steele, 1972
Locke etal, 1966
Genelly and Rudd, 1 956
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Balasubramaniam and Sundarara
Cecil etal., 1971
Cecil etal., 1971
DeWitt, 1955
Brittonet. al. 1974
Jones and Summers 1968
RefNo.
3545
3722
3217
3217
3356
3427
3427
3450
3451
3637
3722
3341
3545
14926
3570
3263
1111
3560
3571
3461
3330
3457
3457
178
2668
3462
3545
3399
3399
232
3483
3428
3378
3356
3384
3578
14923
14920
71
3169
3218
3218
14917
3205
3409
Form
DDE
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
Test Organism
American kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Black duck (Anas rubripes)
Black duck (Anas rubripes)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
American kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Bengalese Finch (^onchura striata )
Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Screech owl (Otus asio )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
# of Cone/ Doses
4
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
3
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
M
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
14
1
2
2
5
14
7
28
8
66
1
63
14
29
90
1
5
2
30
45
50
48
48
96
76
45
14
6
6
6
20
6
7
3
126
10
23
10
14
24
74
74
120
133
14
Duration Units
d
yr
mo
mo
mo
d
d
d
mo
d
yr
d
d
d
d
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
mo
mo
mo
w
w
d
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
&
<
NR
NR
2
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
5
NR
1
1
1
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
200-300
200-300
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
4
39
39
NR
12
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
yr
yr
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
yr
yr
yr
y
y
NR
NR
yr
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
d
d
NR
mo
NR
Lifestage
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
LB
LB
SM
NR
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
NR
LB
LB
JV
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
1
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
F
B
B
B
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
B
F
NR
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
F
Effect Type
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Measure
ESTH
RSUC
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
RSUC
COUR
ESTH
OEGP
GREP
ESTH
PROG
ESTH
ESTH
ESIN
GEGG
ESIN
ESIN
ESTH
ESTH
ESIN
ESTH
PROG
PROG
EGWT
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
PROG
TPRD
TEDG
DEYO
ESTH
TEDG
NSTI
NSTI
HTCH
PRWT
RSUC
Response Site
EG
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
NR
EG
WO
WO
EG
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
SL
EG
EG
WO
WO
NR
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
WO
TE
WO
EG
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose*
^mg/kg bw/day)
0.366
0.473
0.494
0.494
0.562
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.563
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.24
1.36
1.44
1.68
2.25
2.20
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.41
2.41
2.73
2.8
2.81
4.22
4.57
4.58
4.94
5.19
6.02
6.29
12.5
13.0
13.0
13.8
14.8
36.0
Data Evaluation Score
78
78
78
78
78
73
73
78
78
78
78
74
78
78
78
78
78
79
83
78
83
78
78
78
78
78
78
79
79
72
83
78
78
78
78
72
74
79
79
86
78
78
83
78
83
Growth (GRO)
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
Cecil etal., 1978
Lillieetal., 1973
Greichus and Harmon 1973
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Davison and Sell 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Bunyanetal., 1972
Bunyanetal., 1972
Sitrietal., 1975
Sifrietal., 1975
Waibel et al., 1972
Robsonetal., 1976
Robsonetal., 1976
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Sullivan and Scanlon, 1991
Davison etal 1976
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Sell etal., 1972
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Genelly and Rudd, 1 955
Cooke, 1970
3220
3440
3332
3442
3440
3442
3442
944
71
3209
3209
3591
3591
3642
3575
3575
3208
71
71
3615
3239
71
3583
3208
14919
14916
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDT
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
5
2
5
3
2
4
6
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
30
40
9
28
40
28
28
12
5
21
21
14
14
30
168
168
21
5
5
56
13
5
22
21
90
3
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
w
11
26
NR
26
26
26
26
30
2
4
4
8
8
9
1
1
4
2
F
NR
14
2
0
4
6
73
mo
w
NR
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
mo
d
d
w
w
C
NR
w
w
d
w
mo
d
SM
SM
JV
SM
SM
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.227
0.558
1.10
1.47
1.93
2.99
3.01
9.85
11.5
12.2
12.3
13.4
13.8
14.1
14.2
16.4
18.0
21.1
22.4
25.0
25.0
25.1
28.5
30.7
35.6
37.6
2.27
2 79
2.95
42.5
77
82
68
84
69
78
78
77
77
77
77
67
67
68
84
69
77
68
77
68
69
68
77
77
67
79
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 4 of 5
Result #
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
Reference
Greichus and Hannon 1973
Lfflieetal., 1973
Chura and Stewart 1967
Mahoney 1975
Aiscottetal 1972
Genelly and Rudd, 1 955
Genelly and Rudd, 1 956
Siftietal., 1975
DeWitt, 1955
Silver and Alpern, 1979
RefNo.
11434
3440
3766
14896
3166
14919
14920
3591
14917
3592
Form
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Test Organism
White pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
# of Cone/ Doses
2
3
5
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
10
40
55
6
32
74
10
14
3
3
Duration Units
w
w
d
w
w
d
w
d
w
w
&
<
NR
26
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
8
NR
8
Age Units
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
NR
d
Lifestage
JV
SM
JV
NR
SM
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
1
B
F
B
NR
M
F
F
B
NR
NR
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Measure
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
72.0
LOAEL Dose*
^mg/kg bw/day)
0.592
0.713
1.04
3.08
6.02
6.02
13.0
18.9
42.5
Data Evaluation Score
72
78
78
72
71
77
77
76
77
77
Survival (MOR)
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
27
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
Mendenhall et al., 1983
Locke etal, 1966
Davisonetal 1976
Azevedo etal., 1965
Chura and Stewart 1967
Davison and Sell, 1974
Mahoney 1975
Greichus and Hannon 1973
Jefferies and French 1971
Lfflieetal., 1972
Lfflieetal., 1973
Davison and Sell, 1974
Haegele etal., 1974
Cecil etal., 1978
Lfflieetal., 1973
Lfflieetal., 1973
Lfflieetal., 1973
Arscottetal 1972
Dieter, 1975
Haegele and Hudson, 1973
DeWitt, 1955
Locke etal, 1966
Davisonetal 1976
Genelly and Rudd, 1 955
Simpson et al., 1972
Simpson et al., 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Jefferies 1971
DeWitt, 1955
DeWitt, 1955
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Davison and Sell, 1974
Jefferies 1971
Gillett and Arscott, 1969
Dieter 1974
Kreitzer and Heinz, 1974
DeWitt, 1955
Robsonetal., 1976
Van Velzen etal., 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Genelly and Rudd, 1 955
Smith etal., 1969
Lehman etal., 1975
Britton, 1975
Jefferies and French, 1969
Friend and Trainer, 1974
DeWitt etal 1955
Lfflieetal., 1972
Dasadhikari, et al, 1996
Lfflieetal., 1972
Chura and Stewart 1967
Wiemeyer et al, 1986
DeWitt, 1955
Robsonetal., 1976
Sell etal., 1972
Friend and Trainer, 1974
Friend and Trainer, 1974
Stickel et. al., 1966
1042
14923
3239
3801
3766
942
14896
3332
14921
3442
3440
942
2668
3220
3440
3440
3440
3166
3254
3384
14917
14923
3239
14919
3593
3593
71
3399
14917
14917
71
942
3399
975
77
3362
14917
3575
3634
71
14919
3595
3438
3204
3400
3301
3763
3442
3157
3442
3766
3662
14917
3575
3583
3301
3301
3726
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Barn owl (Tyto alba )
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus*)
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Starling (Sturnus vulgar is)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus*)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata *)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica *)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Bengalese Finch (JLonchura striata )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus*)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Starling (Sturnus vulgar is)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
pigeon (Coumba livia )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
American kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus*)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos*)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
2
2
4
4
2
4
3
4
6
4
3
4
2
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
4
3
2
2
3
4
2
2
3
5
4
2
4
2
3
2
2
3
6
4
5
4
4
5
7
4
2
4
5
2
2
2
2
5
5
2
M
U
U
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
GV
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
1
120
16
103
120
343
11
9
56
28
40
167
85
30
40
28
40
32
7
126
120
23
12
74
15
15
14
6
120
10
5
3
6
23
12
8
45
168
13
5
90
10
242
84
42
10
5
28
5
28
77
1
18
168
22
10
10
8
yr
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
mo
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
yr
d
d
d
d
d
d
1.5-6
NR
9
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
26
26
2
NR
11
26
72
26
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
9
6
6
6
2
200-300
1
NR
2
1
250
4
2
0
NR
1
NR
2
6
8
29
19
NR
5
NR
26
NR
26
NR
NR
NR
1
0
30
NR
NR
yr
NR
w
NR
NR
yr
NR
NR
NR
w
w
yr
NR
mo
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
w
mo
w
w
w
d
d
NR
w
yr
d
w
mo
d
NR
d
NR
w
mo
w
d
mo
NR
d
NR
w
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
MA
NR
JV
AD
JV
AD
NR
JV
AD
SM
SM
AD
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
NR
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
AD
SM
JV
SM
JV
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
SM
AD
SM
AD
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
NR
B
NR
F
M
B
F
NR
F
B
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
B
NR
F
B
M
M
F
B
B
NR
F
F
B
M
M
NR
B
F
M
F
F
B
F
F
B
B
NR
F
NR
F
B
F
B
M
B
B
M
NR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.211
0.324
0.325
0.411
0.713
0.754
1.04
1.10
1.42
1.46
1.93
2.03
2.25
2.27
2.72
2.74
2.74
3.08
3.44
4.58
4.6
5.19
5.20
6.02
6.09
6.09
6.3
9.84
10.5
11.0
11.5
11.8
11.9
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.8
14.2
16.7
21.1
23.7
25.7
26.8
29.0
36.1
66.2
100
1.30
4.51
7.54
5.21
2.85
2.93
20.3
22 7
13.8
130
21.9
25.1
85.3
59.4
25.0
43.5
35.6
51.5
58.1
132
200
0.293
0.294
0.298
0.713
1.10
11.5
18.0
28.5
37.8
55.7
76.0
82
73
81
85
79
75
77
69
78
85
70
75
70
78
70
70
70
72
77
77
73
75
77
82
77
77
82
82
73
69
78
70
78
77
77
68
84
85
73
78
83
83
77
79
81
83
91
79
73
79
79
78
75
79
78
77
73
70
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 5 of 5
Result #
Reference
RefNo.
Form
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Dose
£
Method of Anal
£
Route of Exposi
§
Exposure Durat
Duration Units
&
<
Age Units
Lifestage
3
Effect Type
Effect Measure
S
t«
|
«
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose*
^mg/kg bw/day)
s
s
BO
Data Evaluation
AD = adult; AEPX =aldrin epoxidase; AHDX = aniline hydroxylase; AR = adrenal; B = both; BDWT = body weight; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BR = brain; BTMP = body temperature; CAAH = carbonic
anhydrase; CALC = calcium; CHM = chemical changes; CEST = cholinesterase; CRAK = eggshell cracking; CRKI = creatine kinase; CTYP = percent cell type; COUR = courtship behavior; d = days; DEYO = death
young; DOPA = dopamine; DR = drinking water; EDMA = edema; EG = egg; ENZ = enzyme changes; EQUL = balance and equilibrium; ESDL = ; ESIN = eggshell index; ESQU = eggshell quality; ESTH = eggshell
thinning; ESWT = eggshell weight; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; ED = food; FDB = feeding behavior; FERT = fertility; FTEG = fertile egg; GENZ = general enzyme; G6PD = glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase; GEGG = general egg effect; GHIS = general histology; GITX = general intoxication; GOTR = glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; GGRO = general growth changes; GREP = general reproduction;
GRO = growth; GRS = gross morphology; GV = gavage; HE = heart; HIS = histology; HRM = hormone changes; HIGH = hatch; HTRT = heart-ate; INST = induced sleeping time; ITX = intoxication; JV = juvenile;
LB = lavins bird: LI = liver: LIPD = limd content: LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level: M = measured: M = male: MCPR = mo = months: MOR = mortality. MORT = mortality: NMVM = number of move
NOAEL = no observed adverse effect lev el; NOPN = number of organisms per nest; NR = Not reported; NSTI = nest initiation; OEGP = onset of egg production; OR = oral; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT =
organ weight; PHY = physiology; PI = pituitary gland; PL = plasma; P450= cytochrome P450; PROG = progeny counts; PRTL = protein level; PRWT = progeny weight; REP = reproduction; RHIS = reproductive
histology; RSUC = reproductive success; RT = reproductive tract; SG = shell gland; SM = sexually mature; SMIX = in relation to body weight; SPCV = sperm counts; SR = serum; SURV = survival; TEDG = testes
degeneration; TEWT = testes weight; TPRD = total production; TE = testes; TY = ; U = unmeasured; UX = measured but results not reported; VTMA = Vitamin A; w = weeks; WO = whole organism; yr = years.
:NOAEL and LOAEL values that are equal and from the same reference represent different experimental designs.
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for DDT and Metabolites
1000.000
TRV = Highest Bounded NOAEL lower than
lowest bounded LOAEL for Growth,
Reproduction and Survival = 0.227 mg/kg bw/d
Result #185 Table 5.1
Growth (GRO)
lity (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL •BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL OPHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OORO-NOAEL ORO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEI
WUdUfe TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study when joined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 4.66 mg DDT/kg bw/d and is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival (MOR) effect groups.
4) The avian wildlife TRV for DDT is equal to 0.227 mg DDT/kg bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth or survival.
Eco-SSLforDDT
13
April 2007
-------
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for DDT (and metabolites)
Surrogate
Receptor
Group
Avian
herbivore
(dove)
Avian ground
insectivore
(woodcock)
Avian
carnivore
(hawk)
TRY for
DDT
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
0.227
0.227
0.227
Food
Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.190
0.214
0.0353
Soil
Ingestion as
Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.139
0.164
0.057
Concentration of
DDT in Biota Type
(i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
ln(Bi)= 0.7524 *
ln(Soilj)-2.5119
Bj=11.2*Soilj
where i = earthworms
Bs = 4.83*0^
where i = mammals
DDT in Diet of
Prey4
(Can)
NA
NA
0^=11.2*
Soilj
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)5
6.3
0.093
0.12
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 Cast = Concentration in the diet of small mammals consumed by predatory species (weasel).
5 HQ = FIR * (Soil, * Ps + Bj) / TRY solved for HQ=1 where Soil^ = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites)
14
April 2007
-------
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for mammalian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the
TRY was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three surrogate species
based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRY (U.S. EPA, 2003).
6.1 Mammalian TRV
The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) identified 1,149 papers with possible toxicity data for DDT (and metabolites)
for either avian or mammalian species. Of these papers, 977 were rejected for use as described
in Section 7.5. Of the remaining papers, 73 contained data for mammalian test species. These
papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance
(U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are
summarized in Table 6.1. The complete results are provided in Appendix 6-1.
Within the 77 papers there are 212 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH), physiology
(PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) endpoints
with a total Data Evaluation Score >65 that were used to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 6.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 6.1. The NOAEL results for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a
geometric mean NOAEL. This mean NOAEL is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded
LOAEL for reproduction, growth, and survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the
Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction was calculated at 7.65 mg
DDT (and metabolites) /kg bw/day. However, this value is higher than the lowest bounded
LOAEL for either reproduction, growth, or survival. Therefore, the TRV is equal to the highest
bounded NOAEL below the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth, or survival and is
equal to 0.147 mg DDT (and metabolites) /kg bw/day.
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for mammalian wildlife, one for each of three
surrogate species representing different trophic groups. The mammalian Eco-SSLs derived for
DDT (and metabolites) were calculated according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003)
and are summarized in Table 6.2.
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 15 April 2007
-------
Table 6.1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites (DDE, ODD, DDE, DDMU, DDA)
Page 1 of 4
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Form
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
<<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
<2
Effect Type
3
s
^
Response Site
NOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
3
o
H
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Martin etal., 1976
Hoffman etal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1970
Dinu etal 1974
Cecil etal., 1971
Thomas, 1974
Bunyanetal., 1972
Attia etal 1995
Clement and Okey 1972
Leavens et al, 2002
Tinsley, 1965
Dinu etal 1974
Dinu etal 1974
Banerjeeetal., 1983
Gillett, 1969
Cecil etal, 1975
Bunyanetal., 1972
Tinsley, 1965
Jonsson et al., 1976
Orberg and Lundberg, 1 974
All and Shakoon, 1996
Cecil etal, 1975
Cecil etal., 1973
Deichmann, 1974
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
All and Shakoon, 1996
Yagiet. al., 1979
Copeland and Cranmer 1974
Story and Freedland, 1979
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
Story and Freedland, 1979
Platt and Cocknll, 1969
You etal., 1999
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
3470
3380
3670
3670
3256
3349
1133
3209
3811
3226
20970
3630
3256
3256
3171
3320
3221
3209
3630
3410
3526
3163
3221
3187
947
3208
3208
3163
3672
3231
3610
3482
3610
3555
3674
3482
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDMU
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Dog (Canis familaris)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
5
15
2
3
2
6
4
2
2
5
6
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
UX
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
120
14
15
15
72
7
10
21
6
7
5
4
72
72
1
2
17
21
4
36
28
6
20
2
260
21
21
6
50
32
2
14
2
14
7
14
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
yr
w
w
d
w
w
d
mo
w
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
NR
NR
18
18
NR
22
NR
NR
NR
23
71
6
4
NR
NR
28
1
NR
5-6
NR
NR
3
60-90
21
4
NR
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
d
NR
NR
mo
d
d
w
w
NR
NR
d
yr
NR
w
NR
NR
mo
d
d
w
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
SM
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
B
M
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
B
M
F
M
M
F
M
B
F
M
NR
F
B
B
M
M
NR
M
M
M
NR
M
M
M
NR
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HRM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
HRM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
GENZ
PNAD
GLYC
GLYC
ALDO
GLYC
GHRM
MCPR
PORP
GLYC
TSTR
G6PD
GLRE
ALDO
ALPH
GENZ
AHDX
MCPR
G6PD
PRGS
P450
GLUC
APND
LIPD
LIPD
PRTL
P450
GLUC
THIA
PRTL
GENZ
NCCR
THRE
NCCR
GENZ
NCCR
LI
LI
UT
UT
LI
UT
PG
LI
HG
UT
SR
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
PL
LI
LI
LI
LI
LD
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
0.197
0.353
0.694
0.735
1.42
7.62
12.5
13.6
22.6
47.8
99.0
0.705
19.0
25.0
95.6
0.518
1.27
1.50
1.77
2.25
2.57
4.55
6.50
6.60
6.67
7.50
8.22
8.41
12.4
13.5
13.5
15.0
47.3
50.0
90.5
94.2
96.3
96.3
99.0
100
66
76
73
73
71
77
79
66
68
75
71
70
71
71
70
69
70
70
70
70
69
74
69
70
70
70
70
74
70
70
70
66
70
70
77
73
Behavior (BEH)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Dinu etal 1974
Dinu etal 1974
Dinu etal 1974
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1 973
Peterle and Peterle, 1971
Rao etal., 1978
Paulsenetal 1975
Kimbrough et al. 1971
3256
3256
3256
3510
3553
3564
3538
1020
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
72
72
72
8
80
8
14
8
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
w
4
NR
NR
7
12
NR
90-100
3-4
w
NR
NR
w
w
NR
d
mo
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
GE
JV
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
M
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GBHV
INST
GBEH
INST
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
1.27
1.42
1.50
2.0
0.889
1.0
2.0
12.9
74
74
74
68
72
75
74
77
Physiology (PHY)
45
46
47
48
49
50
Dinu etal 1974
Dinu etal 1974
Dinu etal 1974
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1973
BrahamandNeal, 1974
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
3256
3256
3256
3510
3202
14715
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Short tail shrew (Blarina brevicauda )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
2
2
2
2
2
3
u
u
u
u
M
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
72
72
72
8
1
6
d
d
d
w
w
mo
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
M
F
F
F
M
M
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
META
GPHY
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
LI
1.27
1.42
1.50
2.0
11.7
62.9
73
74
74
68
71
72
Pathology (PTH)
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Street and Sharma, 1975
Treonetal, 1951
Treonetal, 1951
Tinsley, 1965
Wrennetal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1970
Banerjee etal., 1983
Cecil etal, 1975
Wilson etal., 1946
Hoffman etal., 1970
Kornbrust et al, 1986
3612
14960
14960
3630
3670
3670
3171
3221
14719
3380
3431
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Sheep (Ovis aries}
Cattle (Bos taurus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
5
6
6
4
2
3
2
2
2
15
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
57
16
16
4
15
15
1
17
141
14
75
d
w
w
w
d
d
yr
w
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
6
18
18
NR
1
NR
NR
55
NR
NR
NR
w
d
d
NR
yr
NR
NR
d
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
GE
M
B
B
B
F
F
M
F
NR
M
F
HIS
HIS
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ITX
ORW
ORW
GHIS
GHIS
GHIS
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
GITX
ORWT
SMIX
VI
LI
LI
LI
AR
AR
LI
LI
WO
LI
LI
0.184
0.372
0.405
0.518
0.694
0.735
1.77
2.57
3.53
5.64
7.07
0.92
1.86
2.20
2.59
11.3
77
77
77
77
76
76
69
71
70
79
80
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 6.1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites (DDE, ODD, DDE, DDMU, DDA)
Page 2 of 4
Result #
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Reference
Cecil etal, 1975
Wassermann et al,
Leavens et al, 2002
Bunyanet al., 1972
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Ortega etal, 1957
Wasserman and Wasserman, 197
Clark and Stafford, 1981
Clement and Okey 1972
Thomas, 1974
Chowdhuryetal., 1990
Rao etal., 1978
Tinsley, 1965
Jonsson et al., 1981
Orberg and Lundberg, 1 974
All and Shakoon, 1996
All and Shakoon, 1996
Cecil etal., 1973
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Kimbrough et al. 1971
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Bunyanet al., 1972
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
All and Shakoon, 1996
All and Shakoon, 1996
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Wassermann et al,
Clark and Kroll 1977
Fonsecaetal 1986
Cannon and Holcomb, 1968
Yagiet. al., 1979
Copeland and Cranmer 1974
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
Platt and Cocknll, 1969
You etal., 1999
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
Ref
No.
3221
3652
20970
3209
961
961
3172
3527
3651
73
3226
1133
3224
3564
3630
3411
3526
3162
3163
3187
14714
1020
3208
3209
3208
3162
3163
14714
3172
3172
3172
3652
74
3286
3214
3672
3231
14715
3482
3555
3674
3482
Form
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
ODD
ODD
DDA
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
ODD
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus*)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Dog (Canisfamilaris)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
6
4
3
3
2
7
2
3
5
4
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
OR
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
Exposure Duration
20
6
5
21
42
42
6
2
6
8
7
10
120
8
4
36
28
6
6
2
24
8
21
21
21
6
6
18
6
6
6
5
40
2
55
50
32
6
14
14
7
14
Duration Units
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
mo
w
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
mo
mo
mo
mo
w
d
d
d
d
d
mo
w
w
w
w
d
mo
d
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
&
<<
60-90
NR
71
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
23
NR
NR
NR
5-6
NR
NR
3
3
21
21
3-4
NR
NR
NR
5
5
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
4-5
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
d
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
mo
mo
d
d
mo
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
x
<2
F
B
M
M
F
F
M
B
M
F
F
M
M
M
B
F
M
NR
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
NR
NR
B
M
M
M
B
F
F
M
M
M
M
NR
M
M
NR
Effect Type
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ITX
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
GRS
HIS
ITX
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
3
s
^
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
GHIS
GITX
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
NCRO
ORWT
CTYP
ORWT
ORWT
GLSN
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
CTYP
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
BDWT
USTR
GITX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
Response Site
LI
AR
LI
LI
AR
AR
LI
LI
AR
WO
UT
PG
AR
LI
WO
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
WO
BR
WO
LI
AR
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
NOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
8.22
12.1
12.4
13.7
17.5
17.6
19.6
20.7
22.9
25.4
47.8
50.0
LOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
24.8
41.4
81.2
95.6
0.20
1.0
6.50
6.59
6.67
7.50
7.50
8.41
8.71
12.9
13.5
13.6
14.9
15.0
15.0
15.3
19.4
19.4
19.5
23.4
31.9
37.2
39.8
47.3
50.0
62.9
94.2
96.3
99.0
100
3
o
H
70
68
89
73
73
73
73
79
68
78
78
69
80
75
73
73
72
77
77
73
72
77
73
73
73
77
77
72
73
73
73
68
71
73
74
73
73
72
73
73
80
76
Reproduction (REP)
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
Wrennetal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1971
Ware and Good, 1967
Wrennetal., 1971
Seller etal, 1994
Ottobom, 1972
Clement and Okey 1974
Treonetal, 1954
Wolfe etal., 1979
Cecil etal, 1975
Ledouxetal., 1977
Orberg and Lundberg, 1 974
Kornbrust et al, 1986
Cecil etal., 1971
You etal., 1999
Loeffler and Peterson, 1999
Deichmann, 1974
Clement and Okey 1974
Ottobom, 1969
Bernard and Gaertner, 1 964
3670
3670
3670
3669
3649
3668
3582
3530
3227
14965
3666
3221
3437
3526
3431
3349
3674
3448
947
3227
3529
3802
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Field mouse (Peromyscuspolionotus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
3
2
3
2
2
5
2
2
4
4
3
2
5
2
2
6
3
6
2
4
3
5
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
GV
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
168
15
15
9
120
17
116
23
8
120
15
17
84
28
75
7
5
5
260
8
117
50
d
d
d
mo
d
w
d
mo
mo
d
mo
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
1
18
18
18-19
6
21
NR
21
80-100
28
60
1
7
NR
55
22
NR
NR
4
80-100
21
4
d
d
d
mo
w
d
NR
d
d
d
d
yr
w
NR
d
d
NR
NR
w
d
d
mo
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
GE
SM
GE
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
B
F
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
B
F
B
F
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
ORWT
GREP
GREP
GREP
FERT
GREP
PROG
PROG
PRWT
FERT
PROG
GREP
PRWT
TEWT
GSTT
GREP
OTHR
ODVP
PRWT
PRWT
RSUC
RSUC
OV
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
UT
WO
TE
WO
UT
PY
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
0.110
0.139
0.147
0.371
0.731
0.894
1.30
1.65
1.71
2.28
2.40
2.57
5.1
6.7
7.07
7.62
9.90
10.0
12.4
17.1
17.2
25.8
0.274
0.694
0.735
1.79
17.1
19.0
99.0
50.0
85.3
38.8
85
86
86
74
78
85
77
70
82
69
74
75
78
78
86
86
90
90
79
82
74
84
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 6.1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites (DDE, ODD, DDE, DDMU, DDA)
Page 3 of 4
Result #
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
Reference
Hayes, 1976
Clement and Okey 1972
Thomas, 1974
Cannon and Holcomb, 1968
Leavens et al, 2002
Palanzaetal., 1999
Naishtein and Leibovich, 1970
Palanzaetal., 1999
Ledouxetal., 1977
Tarjan andKemeny, 1969
Ware and Good, 1967
Raoetal., 1978
Paulsenetal 1975
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1 973
Lindenau et al, 1994
Ledouxetal., 1977
Wilson etal., 1946
Jonsson et al., 1976
Ottobom etal 1977
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Craig and Ogilvie, 1974
Krauseetal., 1975
Ref
No.
3865
3226
1133
3214
20970
3533
3496
3533
3437
3621
3649
3564
3538
3510
3447
3437
14719
3410
3531
14714
3233
3433
Form
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Dog (Canis familiaris^)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
# of Cone/ Doses
2
5
4
3
6
6
2
3
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
4
2
3
4
5
2
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
GV
Exposure Duration
116
7
10
55
5
7
4
7
15
6
120
8
14
8
12
15
175
36
3
89
6
14
Duration Units
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
mo
d
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
If
w
w
d
&
<<
21
23
NR
4-5
71
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
90-100
7
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
4
Age Units
d
d
NR
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
w
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
Lifestage
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
GE
SM
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
SM
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
x
<2
F
F
M
M
M
B
F
B
B
F
B
M
F
F
F
B
F
F
B
F
F
M
Effect Type
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
3
s
^
DEYO
PVOP
TEWT
TEWT
RHIS
PBEH
GREP
PBEH
PRWT
PRWT
FERT
TEWT
RBEH
FERT
OVRT
PROG
PRWT
PROG
FERT
ABNM
PROG
TEWT
Response Site
WO
WO
TE
TE
PG
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
OV
NR
TE
NOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
32.2
47.8
50.0
60.7
99
100
LOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
95.6
0.020
0.020
0.636
0.70
0.731
1.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.82
4.22
6.60
9.90
16.2
25.3
200
3
o
H
74
84
78
71
80
74
86
83
78
88
78
81
80
83
79
78
80
79
86
78
78
86
Growth (GRO)
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
Wrennetal., 1970
Wrennetal., 1970
Dinu etal 1974
Dinu etal 1974
Wilson etal., 1946
Dinu etal 1974
Banerjeeetal., 1983
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1 973
Treonetal, 1953
Street and Sriarma, 1975
Kornbrust et al, 1986
Deichmann, 1974
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Bunyan etal., 1972
Bunyan etal., 1972
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Treonetal, 1951
Kimbrough et al. 1971
Rossi etal., 1983
Cannon and Holcomb, 1968
Cecil etal., 1971
Hoffman etal., 1970
Platt and Cockrill, 1969
Rossi etal., 1983
Krauseetal., 1975
Chowdhuryetal., 1990
Wilson etal., 1946
All and Shakoon, 1996
All and Shakoon, 1996
Yagiet. al., 1979
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
3670
3670
3256
3256
14719
3256
3171
3510
14964
3612
3431
947
3208
3208
3209
3209
14714
961
961
3172
3172
3172
3172
14960
1020
3804
3214
3349
3380
3555
3804
3433
3224
14719
3163
3163
3672
14715
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDMU
DDT
DDE
DDT
ODD
DDT
ODD
DDT
DDE
DDA
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus*)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
3
3
2
2
2
2
6
3
3
3
6
15
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
15
15
72
72
6
72
1
5
28
57
75
260
21
21
21
21
12
43
42
6
6
6
6
20
8
72
55
7
14
14
72
14
120
94
18
9
50
6
d
d
d
d
w
d
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
mo
d
d
mo
18
18
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
7
27
NR
55
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3-4
8
4-5
22
NR
NR
8
4
NR
NR
3
5
NR
21
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
d
NR
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
w
mo
d
NR
NR
w
d
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
F
M
F
B
F
M
F
B
M
F
B
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
M
B
M
F
M
M
B
M
M
NR
NR
NR
M
M
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.694
0.735
1.27
1.42
1.43
1.50
1.77
2.00
2.04
6.54
7.07
12.4
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.7
16.9
17.5
17.6
19.4
19.4
19.5
19.6
22.6
26.5
48.3
60.7
76.2
90.3
96.3
98.8
200
4.19
33.7
96.5
137
0.20
1.75
7.5
15.0
47.3
62.9
80
80
78
78
83
78
77
72
68
68
84
77
77
77
77
77
82
77
77
77
77
77
77
68
77
88
69
69
83
68
73
75
84
78
81
81
77
76
Survival (MOR)
186
187
188
Ware and Good, 1967
Ware and Good, 1967
Ortega etal, 1957
3649
3649
3527
DDT
DDT
DDT
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
2
2
7
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
120
120
6
d
d
mo
6
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
GE
GE
JV
B
B
B
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
0.863
0.989
1.55
5.18
68
77
82
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Table 6.1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites (DDE, ODD, DDE, DDMU, DDA)
Page 4 of 4
Result #
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
Reference
Treonetal, 1953
Wolfeetal., 1979
Cecil etal, 1975
Treonetal, 1951
Cecil etal, 1975
Banerjeeetal., 1995
Bernard and Gaertner, 1 964
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Treonetal, 1951
Craig and Ogilvie, 1974
Clark and Stafford, 1981
Clark and Kroll 1977
Hayes, 1976
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Hoffman etal., 1970
Rossi etal., 1983
Rossi etal., 1983
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Cannon and Holcomb, 1968
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
Ref
No.
14964
3666
3221
14960
3221
3173
3802
961
961
3172
3172
3172
14960
3233
73
74
3865
14714
3380
3804
3804
14714
3214
14715
Form
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
ODD
DDT
ODD
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus')
Field mouse (Peromyscuspolionotus)
Sheep (Ovis aries}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)
Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
# of Cone/ Doses
4
3
2
6
2
4
5
3
3
2
2
2
6
2
3
2
2
5
15
3
2
5
3
3
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
M
U
U
U
UX
UX
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
28
15
17
27
20
4
73
42
42
6
6
6
27
6
8
40
116
12
14
52
120
12
55
6
Duration Units
w
mo
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
mo
d
w
w
mo
d
mo
&
<<
27
60
1
NR
60-90
NR
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
21
NR
8
8
21
4-5
21
Age Units
d
d
yr
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
w
w
d
mo
d
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
AD
AD
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
x
<2
B
B
F
B
F
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
B
F
F
F
F
M
M
F
B
F
B
M
Effect Type
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
3
s
^
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
2.04
2.40
2.57
6.10
8.22
9.95
12.7
17.5
17.6
19.4
19.4
19.5
22.6
25.3
25.4
31.9
32.2
34.9
90.3
96.5
119
LOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
24.39
25.4
81.2
69.7
137
15.3
39.8
62.9
3
o
H
69
82
78
82
77
78
83
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
83
76
73
83
84
74
74
77
79
77
ACHE = acetylcholinesterase; ACTP = accuracy of learned behavior; ACTV = activity, general; AD = adult; AR = adrenal; ASAT = aspartate aminotransf erase; B = both; BDWT = body weight
changes; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BLPR = blood pressure; BR = brain; bw = body weight; CHM = chemical changes; CHOL = cholesterol; d - day; DOPA = dopamine; DR = Drinking
water; ENZ = enyzme level changes; EXCR = excretion; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FDB = feeding behavior; GBCM = general biochemical changes; GE = gestation;
GENZ = general enzyme changes; GHIS = general histo ogy; GLPX = glutathione peroxidase; GPHY = general pysiology changes; GRO = growth; GRS = gross body weight changes; GV =
gavage; HA = hair; HE = heart; HIS = histological changes;HMGL = hemoglobin; HRM = hormone changes; JV = juvenile; kg = kilograms; KI = kidney; L = liter; LI = liver; LOAEL = lowest
observed adverse effect level; mo = months; M = male; M = measured; MOR = effects on mortality and survival; MORT = mortality; NOAEL = No Observed Advese Effect Level; NR = Not
reported; OR = other oral; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight changes; PHY = physiology; PL = plasma; PORP = porphyrin; PROG = progeny numbers/counts;
PRWT = progeny weight; PTH = pathology; RBCE = red blood cell count; REP = reproduction; RPRT = respiratory rate; RSEM = resorbed embryo; SM = sexually mature; SMTX = weight
relative to body weight; SP = spleen; SR = serum; SURV = survival; TE = testes; TEWT = testes weight; TRII = tridothyronine; TRYP = tryptophan; U = unmeasured; UR = urine; USTR =
ultrastructural changes; UX = measured but values not reported; w = weeks; WCON = water consumption; WO = whole organism; yr = year.
*NOAEL and LOAEL values that are equal and from the same reference represent different experimental designs.
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
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1000.000
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for DDT and Metabolites
TRY = Highest Bounded NOAEL lower
than lowest bounded LOAEL for
Growth, Reproduction and Survival =
0.147mg/kgbw/d
Result #106 Table 6.1
Biochemical (BIO)
Behavior (BEH)
Pathology (PTH)
Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Mortality (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL •BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL PHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OORO-NOAEL ORO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEL
WUdUfe TRV Derivation Process
Data Evaluation Score
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study when joined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 7.65 mg DDT/kg bw/d and is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival (MOR) effect groups.
4) The mammalian wildlife TRV for DDT is equal to 0.147 mg DDT/kg bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL value for reproduction, growth or survival.
DRAFT - Eco-SSLfor DDT
20
April 2007
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Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites)
Surrogate
Receptor Group
Mammalian
herbivore (vole)
Mammalian
ground insectivore
(shrew)
Mammalian
carnivore (weasel)
TRY for
DDT
(mg
dw/kg
bw/d) 1
0.147
0.147
0.147
Food
Ingestion
Rate (Fffi)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.0875
0.209
0.130
Soil
Ingestion as
Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.032
0.030
0.043
Concentration of
DDT in Biota Type
(i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
ln(Bi)= 0.7524 *
ln(Soilj)-2.5119
Bj = 11.2* Soil,
where i = earthworms
Bs = 4.83*0^
where i = mammals
DDT in Diet of
Prey4
(Cdlet>
NA
NA
0^=11.2*
Soilj
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg
dw)5
24
0.063
0.021
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 Cast = Concentration in the diet of small mammals consumed by predatory species (weasel).
5 HQ = FIR * (Soil, * Ps + Bj) / TRY solved for HQ=1 where Soil^ = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites)
21
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7.0 REFERENCES
7.1 General DDT (and metabolites) References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2002. Toxicological Profile for DDT, DDE, and
ODD. September 2002
Bitman J, H. C. Cecil, and S. J. Harris. 1968. Estrogenic activity of o,p'-DDT in the mammalian uterus and avian
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Burlington H, Lindeman VF. 1950. Effect of DDT on testes and secondary sex characters of white leghorn
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Callahan, M.A., M.W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants. Volume I.
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Castro, T.F. and T. Yoshida. 1974. Effect of organic matter on the biodegradation of some organochlorine
insecticides in submerged soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 20: 363-70.
Cecil, H.C., J. Bitman, and S. J. Harris. 1971. Effects of dietary p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on egg production and egg
shell characteristics of Japanese quail receiving an adequate calcium diet. Poult Sci. 50(2):657-659.
Cooke, A.S. 1973. Shell thinning in avian eggs by environmental pollutants. Environ Pollut. 4: 85-152.
Gish, C. C. and N. J. Chura. 1970. Toxicity of DDT to Japanese quail as influenced by body weight, breeding
condition, and sex. ToxicolAppl Pharmacol. 17: 740-751.
George, V.T. and A. Sundararaj. 1995. Effect of DDT on reproductive performance of white leghorn cockerels.
Indian VetJ. 72: 694-697.
Heath, R.G., J. W. Spann, and J. F Kreitzer. 1969. Marked DDE impairment of mallard reproduction in controlled
studies. Nature. 224: 47-48.
Jefferies, D.J. 1967. The delay in ovulation produced by pp'-DDT and its possible significance in the field. Ibis.
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Jury, W.A., W. F. Spencer, and W. J. Farmer. 1983. Use of models for assessing relative volatility, mobility, and
persistence of pesticides and other trace organics in soil systems. Hazard Assessment of Chemicals. 2 : 1-43
Keith JO, Mitchell CA. 1993. Effects of DDE and food stress on reproduction and body condition of ringed turtle
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Lichtenstein, E.P. and K. R. Schulz, 1959. Persistence of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides influenced by
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Locke, L. N., N. J. Chura, and P. A. Stewart. 1966. Spermatogenesis in bald eagles experimentally fed a diet
containing DDT. The Condor. 68: 497-502.
Longcore, J.R., F. B. Samson, and T. W. Whittendale. 1971. DDE thins eggshells and lowers reproductive success
of captive black ducks. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 6(6): 485-490.
Lundholm, C.E. 1997. DDE-induced eggshell thinning in birds: Effects of p,p'-DDE on the calcium and
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prostaglandin metabolism of the eggshell gland. Comp Biochem Physiol. 118C(2): 113-128.
Pan, IF. 1970. Soil Sci. 110: 306-12.
Peakall, D.B. 1970. p,p'-DDT: Effect on calcium metabolism and concentration of estriol in the blood. Science
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Peakall, D.B., D. S. Miller, and W. B. Kinter. 1975. Blood calcium levels and the mechanism of DDE-induced
eggshell thinning. Environ Pollut. 9:289-294.
Porter, R.D. and S. N. Wiemeyer. 1969. Dieldrin and DDT: Effects on sparrow hawk eggshells and reproduction.
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Racke, K.D., M. W. Skidmore, D. J. Hamilton, J. B. Unsworth, J. MiyamotoJ, and S. Z. Cohen. 1997. Pesticide
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Richie, PJ. and T. J. Peterle. 1979. Effect of DDE on circulating luteinizing hormone levels in ring doves during
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criteria 83: DDT and its derivatives - environmental aspects. Lyon, France: World Health Organization.
7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
Harris, C. R. and U. Mazurek 1964. Comparison of the Toxicity to Insects of Certain Insecticides Applied by
Contact and in the Soil. JEcon Entomol. 57(5): 698-7025.
Harris, C. R. 1966. Influence of Soil Type on the Activity of Insecticides in Soil. J Econ Entomol. 59:1221-1225.
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Rajanna, B. and De la Cruz, A. A. 1977. Stand Establishment and Early Growth of Field Crops as Influenced by
Seed Vigour and Pesticide Residues. SeedSci. Technol. 5:71-85.
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition
of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections.
Om, pH Abraham, E. V., Padmanaban, M. D., and Mohandoss, A. 1972. Control of Potato Cutworms. Indian
J. Agric. Sci. 42(5): 418-420.
Om, pH Agarwal, H. C., Yadav, D. V., and Pillai, M. K. K. 1978. Metabolism of 14C-DDT mPheretima
posthuma and Effect of Pretreatment with DDT, Lindane, and Dieldrin. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 19(3): 295-299.
ERE Ahrens, J. F. and Kring, J. B. 1968. Reduction of Residues of Heptachlor and Chlordane in Carrots
with Soil Applications of Activated Carbon. J'. Econ. Entomol. 61(6): 1540-1543.
Om, pH Akbar, S. and Rogers, L. J. 1985. Effects of DDT on Photosynthetic Electron Flow in Secale
Species. Phytochemistry. 24(12):2785-2789.
Om, pH Anderson, J. P. E., Lichtenstein, E. P., and Whittingham, W. F. 1970. Effect of Mucor alternans on
the Persistence of DDT and Dieldrin in Culture and in Soil. J. Econ. Entomol. Pp. 631595-1599.
Mix Archer, T. E. 1970. Toxaphene and DDT Residues in Ladino Clover Seed Screenings. Pestic.
Monit. J. 4(2): 27-30.
Media Atallah, Y. H. and Nettles, W. C. 1966. DDT-Metabolism and Excretion in Coleomegilla maculata
DeGreer. J. Econ. Entomol. 59(3): 560-564.
Om, pH Ayoade, K. A. 1974. Evaluation of DDT Schedules for the Control of Pod Borer, Maruca testulalis
Gey, Infestation of Cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) var. 'Mala'. Niger. J. Entomol. 1(1): 9-12.
Om, pH Baig, M. M. H., Khan, M. S., Khan, N., Ferhat, S., Hossain, A., Osmani, M. J. A., and Lord, K. A.
1972. Gas Chromatographic and Radiometric Study of the Behavior of Carbon-14 DDT on Mustard
Plants Under Tropical Conditions. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 15(3): 220-226.
ERE Baker, W. L. 1946. DDT and Earthworm Populations. J. Econ. Entomol. 39(3): 404-405.
ERE Bandy, L. W. 1972. The Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Ring-Labeled Chlorine-36 DDT in
an Old-Field Ecosystem. PhD Thesis, Ohio State University. 252 pp.
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ERE Barrentine, B. F. and Cain, J. D. 1969. ResiduesofEndrin and DDT in Soybeans Grown on Soil
Treated with These Compounds. Pestic. Monit. J. 3(2): 77-79.
ERE Beall, J. and Nash, R. G. J. 1971. Organochlorine Insecticide Residues in Soybean Plant Tops: Roots
vs. Vapor Sorption. Agron. J. 63(3): 460-464.
ERE Beall, M. L., Jr. and Nash, R. G. 1972. Insecticide Depth In Soil-Effect on Soybean Uptake in the
Greenhouse. J. Environ. Qual. 1(3): 283-288.
ERE Beall, M. L. Jr. and Nash, R. G. 1969. Crop Seedling Uptake of DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, and
Heptachlor from Soils. Agron. J. 91(4): 571-575.
Rev Belfroid, A. C., Sijm, D. T. H., and Van, Gestel C. A. 1996. Bioavailability and Toxicokinetics of
Hydrophobic Aromatic Compounds InBenthic and Terrestrial Invertebrates. Environmental Reviews.
4(4): 276-299.
Control Beyer, W. N. and Gish, C. D. 1980. Persistence in Earthworms and Potential Hazards to Birds of
Soil Applied DDT, Dieldrin and Heptachlor. J. Appl. Ecol. 17(2): 295-307.
OM, pH Beyer, W. N. and Krynitskky, J. 1989. Long-Term Persistence of Dieldrin, DDT and Heptachlor
Epoxide in Earthworms. Ambio. 18(5): 270-273.
No Cone Boswell, V. R., Clore, W. J., Pepper, B. B., Taylor, C. B., Gilmer, P. M., and Carter, R. L. 1995.
Effects of Certain Insecticides in Soil on Crop Plants. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. No. 1121,
Washington, D.C. 59 p.
Rev Caro, J. H. 1969. Accumulation by Plants of Organochlorine Insecticides from the Soil.
Phytopathology. Pp. 591191-1197.
Media Carroll, K. A., Harris, C. R., and Morrison, P. E. 1983. Resistance shown by a parathion resistant
onion maggot (Diptera : Anthomyiidae) strain to some other insecticides. Can. Entomol. 115(11):
1519-1522.
Media Champ, B. R. 1968. A Test Method for Detecting Insecticide Resistance in Sitophilus oryzae. J.
Stored Prod. Res. 4(2): 175-178.
Om, pH Chaudhari, S. and Ramakrishnan, N. 1980. Field Efficacy of Baculovirus and its Combination with
Sub-Lethal Dose of DDT and Endosulfan on Cauliflower Against Tobacco Caterpillar Spodoptera
litura (Fabricius). Indian J. Entomol. 42(4): 592-596.
Om, pH Chaudhary, J. P. and Bindra, O. S. 1970. The Nature and Extent of Damage Caused by the Paddy
Leaf-Folder Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee (Pyralididae : Lepidoptera) and Studies on Its Control.
J. Res. Punjab Agr. Univ. 7(3): 328-332.
Om, pH Chisholm, D. and MacPhee, A. W. 1972. Persistence and Effects of Some Pesticides in Soil. J.
Econ. Entomol. 65(4): 1010-1013.
OM, pH Cole, H., MacKenzie, D., Smith, C. B., and Bergman, E. L. 1968. Influence of Various Persistent
Chlorinated Insecticides on the Macro and Micro Element Contituents of Zea mays and Phaseolus
vulgaris Growing in Soil containing Various Amounts of These Materials. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 3(3): 141-154.
CONCS Cole, L. K., Metcalf, R. L., and Sanborn, J. R. 1976. Environmental Fate of Insecticides in
Terrestrial Model Ecosystems. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 10(1): 7-14.
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25
April 2007
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OM, pH Cook, A. G., Critchley, B. R., Critchley, U., Pefect, T. J., and Yeadon, R. 1980. Effects of
Cultivation and DDT on Earthworm Activity in a Forest Soil in the Sub-Humid Tropics. J. Appl.
Ecol. 17: 21-29.
Om pH Cook, A. G., Critchley, B. R., Critchley, U., Perfect, T. J., Russel-Smith, A., and Yeadon, R. 1979.
The Effects of Soil Treatment with DDT on the Biology of a Cultivated Forest Soil in the Sub-Humid
Tropics. Pedobiologia. 19(4): 279-292.
Om pH Critchley, B. R., Cook, A. G., Critchley, U., Perfect, T. J., and Russel-Smith, A. 1980. The Effects of
Crop Protection with DDT on Some Subterranean and Surface-Activity Arthropod Fauna of a
Cultivated Forest Soil in the Humid Tropics. Pedobiologia. Pp. 2031-38.
Om pH Davis, B. N. K. and French, M. C. 1969. The Accumulation and Loss of Organochlorine Insecticide
Residues by Beetles, Worms, and Slugs in Sprayed Fields. Soil Biol. Biochem. Pp. 145-55.
ERE Davis, B. N. K. 1971. Laboratory Studies on the Uptake of Dieldrin and DDT by Earthworms. Soil
Biol. Biochem. Pp. 3221-233.
Species Deboo, R. F. and Hildahl, V. 1967. Aerial Spraying for Control of the Jack Pine Budworm in
Manitoba Canada. Manitoba. Entomol. Pp. 121-26.
Om, pH Dempster, J. P. 1967. A Study of the Effects of DDT Applications Against Pierisrapae on the Crop
Fauna. Proc. 4th Brit. Insectic. Fungic. Conf. Pp. 119-25.
OM, pH Dempster, J. P. 1968. The Control of Pieris rapae with DDT III. Some Changes in the Crop Fauna.
J. Appl. Ecol. Pp. 5463-475.
Om,pH Dempster, J. P. 1968. The Sublethal Effect of DDT on the Rate of Feeding by the Ground-Beetle
Harpalus rufipes. Entomol. Exp. Appl. Pp. 1151-54.
ERE Deshmukh, S. N., Bhalla, J. S., and Saramma, P. U. 1972. Studies on Carbaryl, DDT and Endosulfan
Residues on Tomato Fruits. Indian J. Entomol. 34(1): 31-34.
OM, pH Dewan, R. S., Beri, Y. P., and Gulati, K. C. 1964. DDT, BHC and Aldrin Deposits and Residues on
Tomatoes. In: Majunder, S. K. (Ed.), Symposium on Pesticides, Academy of Pest Control Sciences,
Mysore, India. Pp. 301-305.
No Cone Dindal, D. L., Folts, D., and Norton, R. A. 1975. Effects of DDT on Community Structure of Soil
Microarthropods in an Old Field. In: J. Vanek (Ed.), Progress in Soil Zoology, Proc.5th
Intl.Colloquium on Soil Zoology Held in Prague, Sept. 17-22, 1973, Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague,
Netherlands, 505-513
OM, pH Doane, C. C. 1962. Effects of Certain Insecticides on Earthworms. J. Econ. Entomol. 55(3):
416-418.
Om, pH Don-Pedro, K. N. 1980. A Population Explosion of Aphis craccivora Koch Following DDT
Application in a Cowpea, Plot (Vigna unguiculata) Cultivar (Prima) in Nigeria. J. Nat. Hist. 14(5):
617-620.
Om, pH Dorough, H. W. and Randolph, N. M. 1967. Uptake of DDT and Endrin from the Soil by Peanuts
and Soybeans Growth in Soil Containing These Pesticides. Prog. Rep. No. MP-854, Texas Agric.
Exp. Stn. 3(2): 90-93.
ERE Dorough, H. W. and Randolph, N. M. 1969. Residues of DDT and Endrin in Peanuts and Soybeans
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 26 April 2007
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Grown in Soil Containing These Pesticides. Pestic. Monit. J. 3(2): 90-93.
Media Douthwaite, R. J. and Tingle, C. C. D. 1992. Effects of DDT Treatments Applied for Tsetse Fly
Control on White-Headed Black Chat (Thamnolaea arnoti) Populations in Zimbabwe. Part II. Cause
ofDecline. Ecotoxicology. Pp. 1101-115.
Om, pH Dupree, M. and Beckham, C. M. 1968. Residues of DDT and Endrin in Soil and on Vegetables
Grown on Land Following Insecticide Treated Cotton. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 3(4): 141-146.
FL Ebing, W. and Haque, A. 1984. The Earthworm as the Key Organism in the Monitoring of Soil
Pollution Induced by Foreign Chemicals (Der Regenwurm als Schlusselorganismus zur Messung der
Bodenbelastung mit Organischen Fremdchemikalien) Ber. Landwirtsch. 62(2): 222-255. (GER)
(ENGABS)
Om, pH Eden, W. G. and Arthur, B. W. 1965. Translocation of DDT and Heptachlor in Soybeans. J. Econ.
Entomol. Pp. 58161-162.
Score Edwards, C. A., Dennis, E. B., and Empson, D. W. 1967. Pesticides and the Soil Fauna: Effects of
Aldrin and DDT in an Arable Field. Ann. Appl. Biol. 60: 11-22.
Om, pH Edwards, C. A. and Dennis, E. B. 1960. Some Effects of Aldrin and DDT on the Soil Fauna of
Arable Land. Nature. 188(4572): 767.
pH, Om Edwards, C. A. and Jeffs, K. 1974. The Rate of Uptake of DDT from Soils by Earthworms. Nature.
Pp. 247157-158.
ERE Eidmann, H., Bergman, O., Henningsson, B., and Moller, C. 1979. Residues of DDT and Lindane on
Treated Conifer Seedlings and in Forest Soil. Stud. For. Suec. (151): 1-21.
ERE Eidmann, H. H., Bergman, O., Henningsson, B., and Moller, C. 1979. DDT and Lindane Residues
on Treated Conifer Seedlings and in Soil. Ambio. 8(5): 214-217.
Om, pH El Nahal, A. K. M., Zazou, H. M., and Bishara, M. A. 1971. Chemical Control of the Rice Leaf
Miner, Hydrellia Sp. (Diptera: Ephydridae) (with 2 Tables) Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt Econ. Ser.
5(1): 19-22.
OM, pH Eno, C. F. and Everett, P. H. 1958. Effects of Soil Applications of 10 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
Insecticides on Soil Microorganisms and the Growth of Stringless Black Valentine Beans. Soil Sci.
Soc.Am.Proc. Pp. 22235-238.
Om, pH Fahey, J. E., Rodriguez, J. G., Rusk, H. W., and Chaplin, C. E. 1962. Chemical Evaluation of
Pesticide Residues on Strawberries. J. Econ. Entomol. 55(2): 179-184.
Om, pH Fjelddalen, J. and Renvall, S. 1974. Pesticide Residues in Field Crops in the rdic Countries
Investigations on Insecticides 1968-70. ActaAgric. Scand. 24(1): 17-32.
Om, pH Fleming, W. E. and Hadley, C. H. 1945. DDT Ineffective for Control of an Exotic Earthworm. J.
Econ. Entomol. 38(3): 411.
Om, pH Fleming, W. E. and Hawley, I. M. 1950. A Large-Scale Test with DDT to Control the Japanese
Beetle. J. Econ. Entomol. Pp. 43586-590.
Cone Fuhremann, T. W. 1979. Environmental Behavior of Insecticides. Ph.D. Thesis, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI125.
Eco-SSLfor DDT (and metabolites)
27
April 2007
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Control Fuhremann, T. W. and Lichtenstein, E. P. 1980. A Comparative Study of the Persistence, Movement,
and Metabolism of Six Carbon-14 Insecticides in Soils and Plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 28(2):
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ERE Talekar, N. S., Sun, L. T., Lee, E. M., and Chen, J. S. 1977. Persistence of Some Insecticides in
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7.4 References Used in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs
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Kolaja, G. J. and Hinton, D. E. 1977. Effects of DDT on Eggshell Quality and Calcium Adenosine Triphosphatase.
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Peterle, A. F. and Peterle, T. J. 1971. The Effect of DDT on Aggression in Laboratory Mice. Bull. Environ. Contain.
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Platt, D. S. and Cockrill, B. L. 1969. Biochemical Changes in Rat Liver in Response to Treatment with Drugs and
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Pritchard, J. B., Peakall, D. B., Risebrough, R. W., and Kinter, W. B. 1972. DDE Induced Eggshell Thinning in
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Richie, P. J. and Peterle, T. J. 1979. Effect of DDE on Circulating Luteinizing Hormone Levels in Ring Doves
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Sauter, E. A. and Steele, E. E. 1972. The Effect of Low Level Pesticide Feeding on the Fertility and Hatchability of
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Scott, M. L., Zimmermann, J. R., Marinsky, S., Mullenhoff, P. A., Rumsey, G. L., and Rice, R. W. 1975. Effects of
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Tarjan, R. and Kemeny, T. 1969. Multigeneration Studies on DDT in Mice. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 7(3): 215-22.
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7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition
of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections.
Drug 1975. Annual Research Report of the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. IV+ 377 Pp.
Surv 1980. DDT Products Ravage Alabama Wildlife. New Sci. 87(1214): 523.
Rev 1972. DDT Revisited. Calif Health. 29(11): 2-17.
Surv 1995. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Criteria Documents for the Protection of Wildlife: DDT,
Mercury, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, PCBs. EPA/820/B-95/008//PB95-187324. 89 pp.
Surv 1995. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Technical Support Document for Wildlife Criteria.
EPA/820/B-95/009; PB95-187332. 60pp.
Diss Intracellular Calcium Pump Expression, Calcium Pool Function and Cell Growth (ATPase).
01501109 Order No.: AAD96-27119
Rev 1969. Organochlorine Pesticides Continued. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 7(5): 533-539.
Unrel 1975. Pesticides and Birds. Chemistry. 48(8): 20.
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Not Avail 1974. Report 1973. U.K., Long Ashton Research Station : 213 Pp.
FL 1980. [A Study on the Combined Toxicity of DDT, 666, As, Hg and Cr (Author's Transl)]. Chung-
hua Yu FanglHsueh Tsa Chih 14(2): 86-8.
Rev 1978. Sub-threshold Levels of Dietary Chemicals and Mixed Function Oxidase Induction. Nutr. Rev.
36(4): 116-118.
Rev 1998. Toxic Contaminants in the Environment: Persistent Organochlorines. MIC-98-07568/XAB. 8
Pp.
FL Adamec, O., Kosutzky, J., Fellegicya, M., Ledec, M., and Bokakova, E. 1974. Changes in the
Biological Activity of Estrogens Following Exposure of Chickens to Some Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
Insecticides. Vet. Med 19(6): 337-347.
No Oral Adkins-regan, E. and Hurvitz, E. D. 1982. O,p'-DDT Causes Growth of an Androgen-dependent
Gland in Coturnix Quail. Experientia. 38(9): 1082-1083.
Surv Aebischer, N. J. and Potts, G. R. 1990. Sample Size and Area Implications Based on Long-term
Monitoring of Partridges. In: Somerville, L. and C. H. Walker (Eds.). Pesticide Effects on
Terrestrial Wildlife. 257-270.
Rev Agarwal, S. P. and Ahmad, A. 1979. Effects of Pesticides on Reproduction in Mammals.
Pesticides. 12(4): 33-38.
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CP Willson, G. D. 1978. Reproductive Biology of American Robins Following a Dutch Elm Disease
Control Program. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. 85(3): 91-
96.
Surv Wilson, P. R. 1980. Effects on Birds of Spraying DDT and ODD in Orchards. N. Z. J. Ecol. 3:
117-124.
Acu Wiltrout, R. W., Ercegovich, C. D., and Ceglowski, W. S. 1978. Humoral Immunity in Mice
Following Oral Administration of Selected Pesticides. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20(3):
423-31.
Ecol Witkowski, J. 1989. Breeding Biology and Ecology of the Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in
the Barycz Valley, Poland. Acta Ornithol. 25(3): 223-320.
Acu Witter, R. F. and Farrior, W. L. 1964. Effects of Dieldrin or DDT In Vivo on Alpha-alanine,
Gamma-amino-butyrate, Glutamine, and Glutamate in Rat Brain. 4 Pp.
Surv Wood, P. B., Viverette, C., Goodrich, L., Pokras, M., and Tibbott, C. 1996. Environmental
Contaminant Levels in Sharp-shinned Hawks from the Eastern United States. Journal of Raptor
Research. 30(3): 136-144.
Abstract Woodward G and Ofner R. 1946. Federation Am. Soc. For Exptl. Biol. 5: 215.
NoDur Woodward G, Ofner R, and Montgomery C. 1945. Science. 102: 177.
CP Woolley,D.E. 1970. Effects of DDT on the Nervous System of the Rat. Biol. Impact Pestic.
Environ., Proc. Symp. Pp. 114-24.
Acu Woolley, D. E. and Runnelle A. L. 1967. Distribution of DDT in Brain and Spinal Cord of the Rat.
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 107 April 2007
-------
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 11: 389.
Rev World Health Organization (WHO) Working Group. 1989. Environmental Health Criteria 83:
DDT and its Derivatives - Environmental Aspects. 83. 98p.
CP Wurster, C. F. Jr. 1969. Cholorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides and Avian Reproduction : How
Are They Related? Chemical Fallout: Current Research on Persistent Pesticides. Rochester
Conference on Toxicity. Proceedings. (Held in Rochester, N. Y., 1968). Sponsored by University of
Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Dept. Of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, New
York. Pp. 368-389.
Surv Wyllie, I., Dale, L., and Newton, I. 1996. Unequal Sex-ratio, Mortality Causes and Pollutant
Residues in Long-eared Owls in Britain. British Birds. 89(10): 429-436.
FL Yagi, N. 1980. Histochemical Analysis of the Livers of PCB and DDT Poisoned Rat. Nippon
Eiseigaku Zasshi (Jpn. J. Hyg.). 35(2): 524-532.
No Dose You, L., Casanova, M, Archibeque-Engle, S., Sar, M, Fan, L. Q., and Heck, H. A. 1998.
Impaired Male Sexual Development in Perinatal Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans Hooded Rats
Exposed in Utero and Lactationally to p,p'-DDE. Toxicol. Sci. 45(2): 162-73.
Diss Yuhas, J. G. 1970. Effects of Chronic Dietary DDT Administration on Behavior of Laboratory
Rats. Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH. 84 pp.
No Dose Zendzian, R. P. and Teeters, W. R. 1971. Oral Administration of Ortho-para-DDD to Pregnant
Beagles. PB200 512/XAB. 150pp.
Surv Zicus, M. C., Briggs, M. A., and Pace, R. M. III. 1988. DDE, PCB, and Mercury Residues in
Minnesota Common GoIdeneye and Hooded Merganser Eggs 1981. Can.J.Zool. 66(8): 1871-
1876.
Eco-SSL for DDT (and metabolites) 108 April 2007
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-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ABSTRACT
(Abstract)
ACUTE STUDIES
(Acu)
AIR POLLUTION
(AirP)
ALTERED RECEPTOR
(Alt)
AQUATIC STUDIES
(Aquatic)
ANATOMICAL STUDIES
(Anat)
BACTERIA
(Bact)
BIOACCUMULATION
SURVEY
(Bio Ace)
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT
(BioP)
BIOMARKER
(Biom)
CARCINOGENICITY
STUDIES
(Carcin)
CHEMICAL METHODS
(Chem Meth)
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
(CP)
DEAD
(Dead)
DISSERTATIONS
(Diss)
DRUG
(Drug)
DUPLICATE DATA
(Dup)
Description
Abstracts of journal publications or conference
presentations.
Single oral dose or exposure duration of three days or less.
Studies describing the results for air pollution studies.
Studies that describe the effects of the contaminant on
surgically-altered or chemically -modified receptors (e.g.,
right nephrectomy, left renal artery ligature, hormone
implant, etc.).
Studies that investigate toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Studies of anatomy. Instance where the contaminant is
used in physical studies (e.g., silver nitrate staining for
histology).
Studies on bacteria or susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Studies reporting the measurement of the concentration of
the contaminant in tissues.
Studies of biological toxicants, including venoms, fungal
toxins, Bacillus thuringiensis, other plant, animal, or
microbial extracts or toxins.
Studies reporting results for a biomarker having no
reported association with an adverse effect and an
exposure dose (or concentration).
Studies that report data only for carcinogenic endpoints
such as tumor induction. Papers that report systemic
toxicity data are retained for coding of appropriate
endpoints.
Studies reporting methods for determination of
contaminants, purification of chemicals, etc. Studies
describing the preparation and analysis of the contaminant
in the tissues of the receptor.
Studies reported in conference and symposium
proceedings.
Studies reporting results for dead organisms. Studies
reporting field mortalities with necropsy data where it is
not possible to establish the dose to the organism.
Dissertations are excluded. However, dissertations are
flagged for possible future use.
Studies reporting results for testing of drug and therapeutic
effects and side-effects. Therapeutic drugs include
vitamins and minerals. Studies of some minerals may be
included if there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies reporting results that are duplicated in a separate
publication. The publication with the earlier year is used.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
(Ecol)
EFFLUENT
(Effl)
ECOLOGICALLY
RELEVANT ENDPOINT
(ERE)
CONTAMINANT
FATE/METABOLISM
(Fate)
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(FL)
FOOD STUDIES
(Food)
FUNGUS
(Fungus)
GENE
(Gene)
HUMAN HEALTH
(HHE)
IMMUNOLOGY
(IMM)
INVERTEBRATE
(Invert)
IN VITRO
(In Vit)
LEAD SHOT
(Lead shot)
MEDIA
(Media)
METHODS
(Meth)
MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
(Mineral)
MIXTURE
(Mix)
Description
Studies of ecological processes that do not investigate
effects of contaminant exposure (e.g., studies of "silver"
fox natural history; studies on ferrets identified in iron
search).
Studies reporting effects of effluent, sewage, or polluted
runoff.
Studies reporting a result for endpoints considered as
ecologically relevant but is not used for deriving Eco-SSLs
(e.g., behavior, mortality).
Studies reporting what happens to the contaminant, rather
than what happens to the organism. Studies describing the
intermediary metabolism of the contaminant (e.g.,
radioactive tracer studies) without description of adverse
effects.
Studies in languages other than English.
Food science studies conducted to improve production of
food for human consumption.
Studies on fungus.
Studies of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and
mutagenicity).
Studies with human subjects.
Studies on the effects of contaminants on immuno logical
endpoints.
Studies that investigate the effects of contaminants on
terrestrial invertebrates are excluded.
In vitro studies, including exposure of cell cultures,
excised tissues and/or excised organs.
Studies administering lead shot as the exposure form.
These studies are labeled separately for possible later
retrieval and review.
Authors must report that the study was conducted using
natural or artificial soil. Studies conducted in pore water or
any other aqueous phase (e.g., hydroponic solution), filter
paper, petri dishes, manure, organic or histosoils (e.g., peat
muck, humus), are not considered suitable for use in
defining soil screening levels.
Studies reporting methods or methods development
without usable toxicity test results for specific endpoints.
Studies examining the minerals required for better
production of animals for human consumption, unless
there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies that report data for combinations of single
toxicants (e.g. cadmium and copper) are excluded.
Exposure in a field setting from contaminated natural soils
or waste application to soil may be coded as Field Survey.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
MODELING
(Model)
NO CONTAMINANT OF
CONCERN
(No COC)
NO CONTROL
(No Control)
NO DATA
(No Data)
NO DOSE or CONC
(No Dose)
NO DURATION
(No Dur)
NO EFFECT
(No Efct)
NO ORAL
(No Oral)
NO ORGANISM
(No Org) or NO SPECIES
NOT AVAILABLE
(Not Avail)
NOT PRIMARY
(Not Prim)
NO TOXICANT
(No Tox)
NO TOX DATA
(No Tox Data)
NUTRIENT
(Nutrient)
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
(Nut def)
NUTRITION
(Nut)
OTHER AMBIENT
CONDITIONS
(OAC)
Description
Studies reporting the use of existing data for modeling,
i.e., no new organism toxicity data are reported. Studies
which extrapolate effects based on known relationships
between parameters and adverse effects.
Studies that do not examine the toxicity of Eco-SSL
contaminants of concern.
Studies which lack a control or which have a control that is
classified as invalid for derivation of TRVs.
Studies for which results are stated in text but no data is
provided. Also refers to studies with insufficient data
where results are reported for only one organism per
exposure concentration or dose (wildlife).
Studies with no usable dose or concentration reported, or
an insufficient number of doses/concentrations are used
based on Eco-SSL SOPs. These are usually identified
after examination of full paper. This includes studies
which examine effects after exposure to contaminant
ceases. This also includes studies where offspring are
exposed in utero and/or lactation by doses to parents and
then after weaning to similar concentrations as their
parents. Dose cannot be determined.
Studies with no exposure duration. These are usually
identified after examination of full paper.
Studies with no relevant effect evaluated in a biological
test species or data not reported for effect discussed.
Studies using non-oral routes of contaminant
administration including intraperitoneal injection, other
injection, inhalation, and dermal exposures.
Studies that do not examine or test a viable organism (also
see in vitro rejection category).
Papers that could not be located. Citation from electronic
searches may be incorrect or the source is not readily
available.
Papers that are not the original compilation and/or
publication of the experimental data.
No toxicant used. Publications often report responses to
changes in water or soil chemistry variables, e.g., pH or
temperature. Such publications are not included.
Studies where toxicant used but no results reported that
had a negative impact (plants and soil invertebrates).
Nutrition studies reporting no concentration related
negative impact.
Studies of the effects of nutrient deficiencies. Nutritional
deficient diet is identified by the author. If reviewer is
uncertain then the administrator should be consulted.
Effects associated with added nutrients are coded.
Studies examining the best or minimum level of a
chemical in the diet for improvement of health or
maintenance of animals in captivity.
Studies which examine other ambient conditions: pH,
salinity, DO, UV, radiation, etc.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
OIL
(Oil)
OM,pH
(OM, pH)
ORGANIC METAL
(Org Met)
LEAD BEHAVIOR OR HIGH
DOSE MODELS
(Pb Behav)
PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
(Phys)
PLANT
(Plant)
PRIMATE
(Prim)
PUBLAS
(Publ as)
QSAR
(QSAR)
REGULATIONS
(Reg)
REVIEW
(Rev)
Description
Studies which examine the effects of oil and petroleum
products.
Organic matter content of the test soil must be reported by
the authors, but may be presented in one of the following
ways; total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic
carbon (POC), organic carbon (OC), coarse particulate
organic matter (CPOM), particulate organic matter (POM),
ash free dry weight of soil, ash free dry mass of soil,
percent organic matter, percent peat, loss on ignition
(LOI), organic matter content (OMC).
With the exception of studies on non-ionizing substances,
the study must report the pH of the soil, and the soil pH
should be within the range of >4 and <8.5. Studies that
do not report pH or report pH outside this range are
rejected.
Studies which examine the effects of organic metals. This
includes tetraethyl lead, triethyl lead, chromium
picolinate, phenylarsonic acid, roxarsone, 3-nitro-4-
phenylarsonic acid,, zinc phosphide, monomethylarsonic
acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO), or arsenobetaine (AsBe) and other organo
metallic fungicides. Metal acetates and methionines are
not rejected and are evaluated.
There are a high number of studies in the literature that
expose rats or mice to high concentrations of lead in
drinking water (0.1, 1 to 2% solutions) and then observe
behavior in offspring, and/or pathology changes in the
brain of the exposed dam and/or the progeny. Only a
representative subset of these studies were coded.
Behavior studies examining complex behavior (learned
tasks) were also not coded.
Physiology studies where adverse effects are not
associated with exposure to contaminants of concern.
Studies of terrestrial plants are excluded.
Primate studies are excluded.
The author states that the information in this report has
been published in another source. Data are recorded from
only one source. The secondary citation is noted as Publ
As.
Derivation of Quantitative Structure- Activity
Relationships (QSAR) is a form of modeling. QSAR
publications are rejected if raw toxicity data are not
reported or if the toxicity data are published elsewhere as
original data.
Regulations and related publications that are not a primary
source of data.
Studies in which the data reported in the article are not
primary data from research conducted by the author. The
publication is a compilation of data published elsewhere.
These publications are reviewed manually to identify other
relevant literature.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SCORE
(Score)
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SLUDGE
SOIL CONC
(Soil)
SPECIES
STRESSOR
(QAC)
SURVEY
(Surv)
REPTILE OR AMPHIBIAN
(Herp)
UNRELATED
(Unrel)
WATER QUALITY STUDY
(Wqual)
YEAST
(Yeast)
Description
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Papers in which all studies had data evaluation scores at or
lower then the acceptable cut-off (_s 10 of 18) for plants
and soil invertebrates).
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Studies on the effects of ingestion of soils amended with
sewage sludge.
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in soil.
Studies in which the species of concern was not a
terrestrial invertebrate or plant or mammal or bird.
Studies examining the interaction of a stressor (e.g.,
radiation, heat, etc.) and the contaminant, where the effect
of the contaminant alone cannot be isolated.
Studies reporting the toxicity of a contaminant in the field
over a period of time. Often neither a duration nor an
exposure concentration is reported.
Studies on reptiles and amphibians. These papers flagged
for possible later review.
Studies that are unrelated to contaminant exposure and
response and/or the receptor groups of interest.
Studies of water quality.
Studies of yeast.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
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-------
Soil Seroonlnq
Appendix 5-1
Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRY) - DDT and Metabolites
April 2007
-------
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-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiicty Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 1 of 6
Ref
Result #
RefNo.
i
£
1
Exposure
Chemical Form
5S
I
«
1
H
# of Cone/ Doses
0
O
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
1
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
[ngestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
3
o
H
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
990
3332
3254
3209
71
71
3209
3218
71
71
3183
3183
14916
3183
77
14926
3662
3462
3462
1106
3208
3656
3601
3601
3601
3601
3187
3218
3591
975
3591
3203
3208
3583
3583
3203
3592
3563
11434
Heinz etal., 1980
Greichus and Harmon 1973
Dieter, 1975
Bunyanet al., 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Bunyanet al., 1972
Cecil etal., 1971
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Cooke, 1970
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Dieter 1974
Peakall, 1970
Wiemeyer et al, 1986
Lundholm, 1985
Lundholm, 1985
Sell etal, 1971
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Westlake etal., 1979
Stanley etal., 1978
Stanley etal., 1978
Stanley etal., 1978
Stanley etal., 1978
Cecil etal., 1973
Cecil etal., 1971
Sifnetal., 1975
Gillett and Arscott, 1969
Sifnetal., 1975
Bntton, 1975
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Sell etal., 1972
Sell etal., 1972
Bntton, 1975
Silver and Alpern, 1979
Raglandetal., 1971
Greichus et al, 1975
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDMU
DDMU
DDMU
DDT
DDE
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT and metabolites
DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDE
DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDMU
DDMU
DDMU
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Mixture
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Starling (Stumus vulgaris )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
American kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
White pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos~)
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
3
5
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/2.08/20.0/170
0/5/12.5/25
0/5/25/100
0/10/50/100
0/50/200
0/25/100
0/100
0/100
0/50/200
0/25/50/100/200
0/50/250
0/250
0/37.6
0/300
0/5/25/100
0/10
0/10
0/40
0/40
0/100/200
0/50/150/250
0/50/100/150
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/300/600/1200
0/150
0/200
0/200
0/500
0/400
0/900
0/72
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
X per w
ADL
DLY
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
8
9
7
21
14
14
21
74
14
14
9
5
3
5
12
29
1
45
45
12
21
32
31
31
31
31
2
74
14
23
14
21
21
4
22
18
3
8
10
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
yr
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
d
w
NR
NR
NR
4
2
2
4
39
2
2
5
5
73
5
2
NR
NR
1
1
30
4
28
4
4
4
4
39
39
8
4
8
8
4
0
0
8
8
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
mo
NR
NR
yr
yr
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
mo
w
d
d
mo
d
NR
NR
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
SM
AD
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
F
M
B
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
M
B
F
F
F
B
F
NR
M
B
V
M
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
V
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
FieldA
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
HRM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HRM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
HRM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
DOPA
VTMA
CEST
MCPR
CAAH
CAAH
MCPR
CALC
CAAH
CAAH
LIPD
LIPD
CALC
LIPD
CRKI
GENZ
LIPD
CALC
CALC
AHDX
AHDX
GOTR
G6PD
G6PD
G6PD
G6PD
VTMA
CALC
MCPR
AEPX
MCPR
ESDL
P450
AHDX
AHDX
ESDL
CALC
GENZ
PRTL
BR
LI
PI
LI
EG
EG
LI
EG
EG
EG
AR
AR
SR
AR
NR
LI
LI
RT
EG
LI
LI
PL
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
EG
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
PL
LI
BL
2.08
5.0
5.0
50
50.0
100
100
100
200
200
250
250
37.6
300
20
12.5
25.0
100
200
5.0
10.0
10.0
40.0
40.0
100
50.0
50.0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
300
150
200
200
500
400
900
72
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
0.149
2.2
0.0847
0.12
0.11
0.1416
0.117
0.1
0.181
0.1345
0.1
0.09
0.114
0.1
0.09
0.146
0.101
1.1
1.1
1.6
0.117
0.1
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.116
0.1
0.092
0.09
0.084
1.6
0.126
0.100
0.0769
1.6
0.173
0.46
4.81
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
0.01058
0.09723893
0.01166743
0.0146376
0.01383151
0.01630291
0.01439833
0.0130
0.0191281
0.01576599
0.01299939
0.01213766
0.0141569
0.01299939
0.01213766
0.01663094
0.01308387
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.090
0.01439833
0.01299939
0.01503181
0.01503181
0.01503181
0.01503181
0.01431809
0.0130
0.012312
0.012137
0.0116
0.07903238
0.01510999
0.01300
0.0109562
0.10109819
0.01857338
0.03628638
0.695
0.148
0.221
0.687
6.10
6.29
11.5
12.3
13.0
21.1
23.4
32.5
33.7
37.6
39.0
1.420
0.552
3.44
12.2
25.1
0.674
1.14
1.30
2.25
2.25
5.63
6.15
6.50
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.3
13.0
13.4
13.5
13.8
14.8
18.0
26.0
28.5
31.6
42.5
71.0
72.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
5
5
10
5
5
5
6
5
5
6
5
6
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
10
10
10
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
8
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
78
76
71
76
74
70
66
69
70
68
69
69
70
69
69
69
70
69
69
70
69
70
69
69
69
69
70
69
69
69
69
69
70
69
70
69
70
69
74
Behavior
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
990
942
14896
71
3801
14896
3591
3591
Heinz etal., 1980
Davison and Sell, 1974
Mahoney 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Azevedo etal., 1965
Mahoney 1975
Sifnetal., 1975
Sifnetal., 1975
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
DDE
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
100
90
100
100
88.5
100
100
100
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis~)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis~)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
4
4
3
3
4
3
2
2
0/2.08/20.0/170
0/2/20/200
0/5/25
0/50/200
0/0.464/5.10/6.86
0/5/25
0/100
0/100
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
M
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
8
343
4
14
105
6
14
14
w
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
NR
2
NR
2
NR
NR
8
8
NR
yr
NR
w
NR
NR
d
d
AD
AD
NR
JV
AD
NR
JV
JV
B
F
NR
F
B
NR
B
B
V
V
M
C
C
M
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
FCNS
FCNS
NMVM
EQUL
FCNS
NMVM
INST
INST
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
2.08
20.0
5.0
50.0
20
200
25.0
200
0.464
5.0
100
100
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
0.149
1.48
0.0259
0.11
1.3
0.0259
0.092
0.084
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.01058
0.062
0.00539487
0.01383151
0.0690399
0.00539487
0.01231
0.0116
0.148
0.754
1.04
6.29
1.420
7.54
5.21
25.1
0.411
1.04
13.4
13.8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
5
6
10
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
10
6
6
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
78
70
72
77
73
68
72
72
Physiology
48
49
50
14921
14922
14922
Jeffenes and French 1971
Jeff enes etal, 1971
Jeff enes etal, 1971
DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
100
100
100
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia )
Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata )
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia )
3
2
6
0/3/36
0/3.8/7.5/8.7/11.7
0/3/6/9/18/36
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
na
na
na
DLY
DLY
DLY
u
u
u
OR
FD
OR
19
6
3
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AD
NR
AD
B
B
B
V
V
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
BTMP
HTRT
HTRT
WO
WO
WO
3.0
3.80
36.0
7.50
3.0
Y
Y
Y
0.415
0.01381
0.417
N
N
N
0.03283011
0.00358252
0.03293302
0.237
3.80
2.85
7.50
3.0
10
10
10
8
10
8
5
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
4
4
4
6
10
4
10
10
10
6
6
6
4
4
4
69
84
76
Pathology
51
52
53
54
55
990
3332
3766
77
3766
Heinz etal., 1980
Greichus and Harmon 1973
Chura and Stewart 1967
Dieter 1974
Chura and Stewart 1967
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT and metabolites
p,p' - DDT - Technical
DDE
p,p' - DDT - Technical
100
100
100
100
100
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
4
4
2
4
5
0/2.08/20.0/170
0/5/12.5/25
0/10
0/5/25/100
0/10/160/800/4000
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
M
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
8
9
120
12
55
w
w
d
w
d
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
AD
JV
JV
SM
JV
B
B
B
M
B
V
M
V
V
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
ORW
ORW
ITX
ORW
ITX
ORWT
SMIX
GITX
SMIX
GITX
LI
LI
WO
LI
WO
2.08
12.5
10.0
5.0
10.0
20
25.0
25.0
160
N
Y
Y
N
Y
0.149
2.2
5.625
0.09
5.625
Y
N
Y
N
Y
0.01058
0.09723893
0.324
0.01213766
0.401
0.148
0.552
0.576
0.674
0.713
1.420
1.10
3.37
11.4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
7
5
7
4
4
4
4
4
8
10
4
8
6
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
78
79
74
76
76
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiicty Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 2 of 6
Ref
Result #
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Ref No.
3220
3388
1106
3601
3601
3601
3209
3209
3187
975
3208
3377
3204
14916
14921
3315
3662
3438
3440
3430
14922
3378
14919
3208
3400
3601
3591
3183
3183
3592
11434
3622
i
£
1
Cecil etal., 1978
Hurst etal., 1974
Sell etal, 1971
Stanley etal., 1978
Stanley etal., 1978
Stanley etal., 1978
Bunyanetal., 1972
Bunyanet al., 1972
Cecil etal., 1973
Gillett and Arscott, 1969
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Hill etal., 1971
Bntton, 1975
Cooke, 1970
Jeffenes and French 1971
Ghosh etal., 1997
Wiemeyer et al, 1986
Lehman etal., 1974
Lillieetal., 1973
KolajaandHinton, 1978
Jefferies etal, 1971
KolajaandHinton, 1976
Genelly and Rudd, 1955
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Jeffenes and French, 1969
Stanley etal., 1978
Sifnetal., 1975
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Silver and Alpern, 1979
Greichus et al, 1975
Tarrant et al., 1983
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
ODD
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
ODD
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDMU
Exposure
Chemical Form
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDMU
p,p' - DDT
DDMU
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
DDT - Mixture
DDMU
5S
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
I
«
1
H
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia }
Pigeon (Coumba livia }
American kestrel (Falco sparverius}
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
White pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
# of Cone/ Doses
4
4
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
8
4
2
6
2
2
4
2
2
7
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
O
0/5/50/500
0/5/50/500
0/100/200
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/10/50/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/150
0/25/50/100/200/400/800/1600
0/300/600/1200
0/37.6
0/3/6/9/18/36
0/0.1
0/10
0/10/50/150
0/50
0/50
0/3/6/9/18/36/54
0/75
0/5.72/20.84
0/50/150/250
0/9.1/18.2/36.1
0/100
0/100
0/250
0/300
0/400
0/72
0/100
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
X per w
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
OR
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
30
2
12
31
31
31
21
21
2
23
21
5
9
3
56
4
1
242
28
6
8
7
74
21
42
31
14
5
5
3
10
7
Duration Units
d
mo
w
d
d
d
d
d
mo
w
d
d
w
w
d
d
yr
d
w
mo
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
1
u
NR
30
4
4
4
4
4
39
4
4
NR
19
73
NR
NR
NR
28
72
NR
NR
NR
6
4
NR
4
8
5
5
8
NR
28
Age Units
mo
NR
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
NR
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
d
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
w
NR
w
d
w
w
d
NR
d
Lifestage
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
AD
AD
AD
JV
SM
LB
AD
NR
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
x
»
M
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
F
M
F
M
B
B
M
B
F
F
B
F
B
F
B
F
B
M
F
NR
B
F
Control Type
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
V
V
C
V
C
V
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
Test Location
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
Effect Type
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
GRS
ITX
ORW
ORW
HIS
GRS
ORW
GRS
HIS
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
Effect Measure
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMLX
SMTX
SMLX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMLX
BDWT
GITX
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
ORWT
BDWT
GHIS
ORWT
EDMA
GHIS
SMLX
ORWT
SMLX
SMLX
CTYP
SMLX
SMLX
SMLX
SMLX
Response Site
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
WO
WO
LI
TY
TY
WO
BR
WO
SG
HE
RT
LI
LI
BR
LI
LI
AR
AR
LI
LI
LI
Study NOAEL
50.0
50.0
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
150
200
600
37.6
Study LOAEL
500
500
400
1200
3.0
0.100
10.0
10
50.0
50.0
3.0
75.0
5.72
50
9.1
100
100
250
300
400
72.0
100
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
1.98
0.194
1.6
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.12
0.117
0.116
0.09
0.126
0.205
1.6
0.114
0.415
0.25
0.101
0.04
2.153
1.1
0.418
1.1
0.95
0.117
0.3966
0.125
0.100
0.09
0.1
0.173
4.81
0.00010
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
[ngestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.09079293
0.020116
0.090
0.01503181
0.01503181
0.01503181
0.0146376
0.01439833
0.01431809
0.012137
0.01510999
0.02074315
0.07903238
0.0141569
0.03283011
0.0236038
0.01308387
0.00715919
0.118
0.06192552
0.03298441
0.06192552
5.72E-05
0.01439833
0.031875
0.01503181
0.02999
0.01213766
0.01299939
0.01857338
0.695
0.00014485
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
2.29
5.16
11.3
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.2
12.3
12.3
13.5
18.0
20.2
29.0
37.6
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
22.9
51.6
40.5
58.1
0.237
0.40
1.30
1.79
2.74
2.81
3.0
4.22
6.02
6.15
9.10
12.0
13.0
33.7
39.0
42.5
72.0
145
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
5
10
6
6
6
5
7
5
10
5
6
6
10
5
5
5
5
6
10
6
Endpoint
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dose Range
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
6
8
6
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
6
3
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
73
77
73
68
70
68
73
73
73
70
71
75
74
75
67
69
73
72
78
72
76
72
73
73
80
72
72
72
72
73
77
78
Reproduction
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
3443
3215
942
942
942
3805
3722
3638
3356
3239
3440
14929
3216
3459
3219
3219
3219
3440
3440
3440
3427
3427
3442
3442
3442
3166
Lincer, 1975
Carlisle etal., 1986
Davison and Sell, 1974
Davison and Sell, 1974
Davison and Sell, 1974
Smith, etal. 1969
Heath etal, 1969
VangilderandPeterle, 1981
Haseltmeetal., 1974
Davison etal 1976
Lillieetal., 1973
Stephen etal, 1971
Carnio and McQueen, 1973
Lundholm, 1990
Cecil etal. 1972
Cecil etal. 1972
Cecil etal. 1972
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Kolaja, 1977
Kolaja, 1977
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Arscott etal 1972
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
Mixture
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT and DDE Mixture
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Pure isomers
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDE SO4
DDT SO4
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
100
100
90
99
99
100
100
100
99.9
100
71
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
American kestrel (Falco sparverius}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
5
4
4
5
4
5
4
2
2
4
3
2
2
2
4
4
4
3
3
2
3
3
4
4
4
2
0/0.3/3/6/10
0/1/5/20
0/2/20/200
0/2/20/40/200
0/2/20/200
0/1.0/2.5/5.0/7.5/10.0
0/2.5/10/40
0/10
0/10
0/2.5/10/40
0/10/50
0/40
0/15
0/40
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/50
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/100
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
6
22
343
3
343
2
1
66
11
16
40
18
50
45
28
28
28
40
40
28
7
14
28
28
28
32
mo
w
d
mo
d
mo
yr
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
2
1
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
9
26
18
60
1
NR
NR
NR
26
26
72
NR
NR
26
26
26
NR
NR
NR
yr
yr
yr
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
mo
d
yr
NR
NR
NR
w
w
w
NR
NR
w
w
w
NR
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
V
C
V
V
V
C
C
C
V
V
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
V
V
V
C
C
V
V
V
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
ESTH
ESTH
ESWT
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
RSUC
EGWT
ESTH
TPRD
FERT
ESQU
FERT
ESWT
EGWT
EGWT
EGWT
FERT
FERT
TPRD
ESTH
ESTH
FERT
FERT
FERT
GREP
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
EG
EG
WO
WO
EG
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
WO
WO
EG
EG
WO
WO
WO
SM
0.300
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
7.50
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
50.0
40.0
15.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
100
3.0
5.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
10
40
40.0
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.111
1.1
1.48
1.05
1.32
1.6
1.1
1.1
0.95
0.1
2.204
1.6
0.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.121
2.078
2.153
1.1
1.1
1.893
1.8839999
1.790
2.21
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.01391324
0.06192552
0.062
0.05551437
0.131
0.07903238
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.05628868
0.01299939
0.120
0.07903238
0.01299939
0.079032
0.07903238
0.07903238
0.07903238
0.119
0.114
0.118
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.1133
0.1135
0.1084
0.068
0.0396
0.0563
0.0754
0.113
0.197
0.370
0.563
0.563
0.592
.30
.93
.94
.95
.98
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.72
2.74
2.74
2.83
2.83
2.99
3.01
3.03
3.08
0.396
0.281
0.754
1.13
1.965
0.494
1.892
5.20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
5
7
6
7
5
5
5
5
5
7
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
7
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
8
8
10
10
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
83
82
84
83
84
84
84
78
78
82
71
69
69
78
69
69
69
71
71
71
69
69
80
80
80
66
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiicty Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 3 of 6
Ref
Result #
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
Ref No.
3801
3579
3580
3239
71
3593
3593
3324
3548
944
71
3580
3579
3642
3575
3204
3575
71
3220
3313
3239
3595
14916
1042
3636
3157
3545
3722
3217
3217
3356
3427
3427
3450
3451
3637
3722
3341
3545
14926
3570
3263
1111
3560
3571
3461
3330
3457
3457
178
2668
3462
3545
3399
3399
232
3483
3428
3378
i
£
1
Azevedoetal., 1965
Scott, 1977
Scott etal., 1975
Davisonetal 1976
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Simpson etal., 1972
Simpson etal., 1972
Grassle and Biessmann, 1982
Pepperell, 1972
Davison and Sell 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Scott etal., 1975
Scott, 1977
Waibeletal., 1972
Robsonetal., 1976
Button, 1975
Robsonetal., 1976
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Cecil etal., 1978
George and Sundararaj 1995
Davisonetal 1976
Smith etal., 1969
Cooke, 1970
Mendenhall etal., 1983
VangliderandPeterle, 1983
Dasadhrkari, et al, 1996
Peakall et al., 1973
Heath etal, 1969
Cecil etal., 1973
Cecil etal., 1973
Haseltmeetal., 1974
Kolaja, 1977
Kolaja, 1977
Longcore et al., 1971
Longcore and Stendell, 1977
VangilderandPeterle, 1980
Heath etal, 1969
Haegele and Hudson 1 977
Peakall et al., 1973
Peakall, 1970
Richie and Peterle, 1979
Wiemeyer and Porter, 1970
Shellenberger, 1978
Pritchardetal., 1972
Risebrough and Anderson, 1 975
Lundholm, 1993
Greenburg et al, 1979
Lundholm, 1980
Lundholm, 1980
Haegele and Hudson 1 974
Haegele et al., 1974
Lundholm, 1985
Peakall et al., 1973
Jeffenes 1971
Jeffenes 1971
Kolaja and Hinton, 1979
McLane and Hall, 1972
Kolaja and Hinton, 1977
Kolaja and Hinton, 1976
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
ODD
DDE
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
Exposure
Chemical Form
DDT - Technical
DDT - Commercial
DDT - Commercial
p,p' - DDT
DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT - Commercial
DDT - Commercial
DDT
DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
DDE
DDE
o,p' - ODD
DDE
ODD - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
o,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
5S
88.5
94.5
94.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
94.5
94.5
100
100
98
99
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
84
100
100
99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.9
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
I
«
1
H
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo }
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix cotumix)
Barn owl (Tyto alba )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Pigeon (Coumba livia }
American kestrel (Falco sparverius}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Black duck (Anas rubripes}
Black duck (Anas rubripes}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
American kestrel (Falco sparverius}
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata }
Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Screech owl (Otus asio }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
# of Cone/ Doses
4
3
3
4
3
2
2
3
4
3
3
2
2
2
3
4
2
5
4
6
5
4
2
2
2
2
4
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
0
O
0/0.464/5.10/6.86
0/20/100
0/20/100
0/2.5/10/40
0/50/200
0/264.6
0/264.6
0/50/250
0/1.5/15/75
0/100/200
0/25/100
0/100
0/100
0/300
0/100/300
0/300/600/1200
0/100
0/25/50/100/200
0/5/50/500
0/6.25/12.5/25/37.5/50
0/2/10/40/200
0/100/200/400
0/37.6
0/2.83
0/5
0/0.1
0/3/6/10
0/10/40
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/10
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/10/30
0/10
0/10
0/10/40
0/10/50
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/5/50
0/40
0/34
0/40
0/39
0/40.0
0/40.0
0/40
0/40
0/40
0/40
0/34/139/1205
0/18/168/840
0/50
0/2.8
0/50
0/75
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
X per w
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
UX
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
105
10
10
12
14
15
15
70
6
12
14
10
10
30
168
28
168
14
30
47
13
40
3
1
61
5
14
1
2
2
5
14
7
28
8
66
1
63
14
29
90
1
5
2
30
45
50
48
48
96
76
45
14
6
6
6
20
6
7
Duration Units
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
d
w
yr
d
d
d
yr
mo
mo
mo
d
d
d
mo
d
yr
d
d
d
d
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
mo
mo
mo
w
1
NR
NR
NR
9
2
6
6
5
NR
30
2
NR
NR
9
1
19
1
2
11
30
14
8
73
1.5-6
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
200-300
200-300
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
mo
NR
w
w
w
w
w
NR
w
w
NR
NR
mo
d
mo
d
w
mo
w
w
w
d
yr
NR
NR
NR
NR
yr
yr
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
yr
yr
yr
y
y
NR
NR
yr
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
JV
JV
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
JV
LB
LB
JV
LB
LB
AD
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
LB
LB
SM
NR
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
x
»
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
F
F
M
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
F
B
B
B
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
F
Control Type
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
V
C
C
C
C
V
C
V
C
C
M
V
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
V
C
V
u
u
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
Test Location
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
FieldU
FieldU
FieldU
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Type
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
Effect Measure
PROG
TPRD
PROG
EGWT
ESTH
RHIS
RHIS
CRAK
FTEG
NOPN
ESTH
PROG
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
ESTH
TPRD
CRAK
TEWT
SPCV
EGWT
FTEG
TEWT
PROG
EGWT
TEDG
ESTH
RSUC
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
RSUC
COUR
ESTH
OEGP
GREP
ESTH
PROG
ESTH
ESTH
ESIN
GEGG
ESIN
ESIN
ESTH
ESTH
ESIN
ESTH
PROG
PROG
EGWT
ESTH
ESTH
ESTH
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
EG
EG
TE
TE
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
WO
WO
WO
EG
WO
EG
TE
SM
EG
EG
TE
WO
WO
TE
EG
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
WO
EG
WO
WO
EG
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
SL
EG
EG
WO
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
Study NOAEL
5.10
100
100
40.0
50.0
265
265
50.0
15.0
200
100
100
100
300
100
300
100
200
500
25.0
200
200
37.6
Study LOAEL
6.86
200
250
75.0
300
600
37.5
400
2.83
5.0
0.100
3.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5
40.0
34.0
40.0
39.0
40
40
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
34.0
34.0
50.0
2.80
50.0
75.0
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Body Weight in kg
1.3
1.6
1.6
0.1
0.181
14.3
14.3
0.1
1.6
1.569
0.1416
0.1
0.09
1.8380001
0.134
1.6
0.121
0.154
1.98
1.3
0.112
0.1
0.114
0.568
1.1
0.34
0.12
.1
.6
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
0.152
0.149
0.146
0.144
0.111
0.012
4
1.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.01413
0.01413
1.2
0.194
1.1
1.1
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.0690399
0.07903238
0.07903238
0.01299939
0.0191281
0.328887
0.328887
0.01299939
0.07903238
0.07803214
0.01630291
0.01299939
0.01213766
0.08649916
0.019
0.07903238
0.020
0.01721865
0.09079293
0.0690399
0.014
0.01299939
0.0141569
0.04027205
0.06192552
0.02883472
0.0146376
0.06192552
0.07903238
0.07903238
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.01707274
0.01685261
0.01663094
0.01648
0.01391324
0.00326941
0.14350401
0.07903
0.0619255
0.06192552
0.06192
0.06192
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.06192552
0.00363635
0.00363635
0.06553449
0.0200116
0.06192552
0.06192552
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
4.51
4.67
4.67
5.20
5.28
6.09
6.09
6.50
9.37
9.85
11.5
12.3
12.7
14.1
14.2
14.5
16.4
22.4
22.9
25.0
25.0
25.7
37.6
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
6.07
21.1
32.5
46.9
42.5
29.0
37.5
51.5
0.211
0.281
0.294
0.366
0.473
0.494
0.494
0.562
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.563
.12
.13
.14
.14
.24
.36
.44
.68
2.25
2.20
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.41
2.41
2.73
2.8
2.81
4.22
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
8
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
6
7
5
7
6
6
10
7
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
10
5
5
Endpoint
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Range
10
4
4
4
8
4
4
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
10
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
8
10
1
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
6
6
1
10
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
85
76
78
69
83
69
69
82
83
79
79
74
74
70
86
84
71
79
66
92
71
84
79
83
78
74
78
78
78
78
78
73
73
78
78
78
78
74
78
78
78
78
78
79
83
78
83
78
78
78
78
78
78
79
79
72
83
78
78
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiicty Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 4 of 6
Ref
Result #
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
Ref No.
3356
3384
3578
14923
14920
71
3169
3218
3218
14917
3205
3409
i
£
1
Haseltmeetal., 1974
Haegele and Hudson, 1 973
Sauter and Steele, 1972
Locke etal, 1966
Genelly and Rudd, 1956
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Balasubramaniam and Sundararaj 1
Cecil etal., 1971
Cecil etal., 1971
DeWitt, 1955
Button et. al. 1974
Jones and Summers 1968
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
Exposure
Chemical Form
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDT
p,p' - DDT - Technical
DDT
DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
5S
99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
I
«
1
H
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus}
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
4
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
3
2
0
O
0/40
0/40
0/0.1/1/10
0/160/4000
0/5.72/20.84
0/50/200
0/12.5/25/37.5
0/100
0/100
0/13.8
0/300/600
0/3.6
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
NR
DLY
NR
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
3
126
10
23
10
14
24
74
74
120
133
14
Duration Units
w
d
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
4
39
39
NR
12
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
d
d
NR
mo
NR
Lifestage
LB
LB
LB
NR
LB
LB
JV
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
x
»
F
B
F
NR
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
F
Control Type
V
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Effects
General Effect Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Type
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGG
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Measure
ESTH
PROG
TPRD
TEDG
DEYO
ESTH
TEDG
NSTI
NSTI
HTCH
PRWT
RSUC
Response Site
EG
WO
WO
TE
WO
EG
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
40.0
40.0
0.100
160
5.72
50.0
12.5
100
100
13.8
300
3.60
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Body Weight in kg
0.144
0.144
1.6
5.3499999
0.95
0.11
1.3
0.1
0.1
0.100
1.6
0.100
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.01648227
0.01648227
0.07903238
0.17341286
0.0572
0.01383151
0.0690399
0.0130
0.0130
0.01299939
0.07903238
0.01299939
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
4.57
4.58
4.94
5.19
6.02
6.29
12.5
13.0
13.0
13.8
14.8
36.0
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
5
5
5
5
6
6
10
5
5
10
5
10
Endpoint
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
78
78
72
74
79
79
86
78
78
83
78
83
Growth
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
3220
3440
3332
3442
3440
3442
3442
944
71
3209
3209
3591
3591
3642
3575
3575
3208
71
71
3615
3239
71
3583
3208
14919
14916
11434
3440
3766
14896
3166
14919
14920
3591
14917
3592
Cecil etal., 1978
Lillieetal., 1973
Greichus and Harmon 1973
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Davison and Sell 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Bunyanetal., 1972
Bunyanet al., 1972
Sifnetal., 1975
Sifnetal., 1975
Waibeletal., 1972
Robsonetal., 1976
Robsonetal., 1976
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Sullivan and Scanlon, 1991
Davison etal 1976
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Sell etal., 1972
Bunyan and Page, 1 973
Genelly and Rudd, 1955
Cooke, 1970
Greichus et al, 1975
Lillieetal., 1973
Chura and Stewart 1967
Mahoney 1975
Arscott etal 1972
Genelly and Rudd, 1955
Genelly and Rudd, 1956
Sifnetal., 1975
DeWitt, 1955
Silver and Alpern, 1979
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDMU
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Pure isomers
DDT and metabolites
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDMU
DDT
o,p' - DDT
DDT - Mixture
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
100
100
100
100
71
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix cotumix)
White pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus}
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis}
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus}
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
5
2
5
3
2
4
6
2
2
3
5
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
0/5/50/500
0/10/50
0/5/12.5/25
0/5/25/50
0/10/50
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/100/200
0/25/100
0/10/50/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/300
0/100/300
0/100
0/150
0/50/200
0/25/50/100/200
0/25
0/2/10/40/200
0/50/200
0/200
0/50/150/250
0/50/100/200/400/600
0/37.6
0/72
0/10/50
0/10/160/800/4000
0/5/25
0/100
0/5.72/20.84
0/5.72/20.84
0/100
0/0.01
0/400
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/org/d
ug/g diet
% in diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
X per w
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
30
40
9
28
40
28
28
12
5
21
21
14
14
30
168
168
21
5
5
56
13
5
22
21
90
3
10
40
55
6
32
74
10
14
3
3
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
w
d
w
w
11
26
NR
26
26
26
26
30
2
4
4
8
8
9
1
1
4
2
F
NR
14
2
0
4
6
73
NR
26
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
8
NR
8
mo
w
NR
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
mo
d
d
w
w
C
NR
w
w
d
w
mo
d
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
NR
d
SM
SM
JV
SM
SM
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
NR
SM
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
M
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
B
F
B
NR
M
F
F
B
NR
NR
C
V
M
V
C
V
V
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
V
V
V
V
M
V
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
5.0
10.0
25.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
200
100
100
100
100
100
300
100
100
150
200
200
25.0
200
200
200
250
600
37.6
72.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
300
10.0
10.0
5.0
100
5.72
5.72
100
0.010
400
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
2.0369999
2.187
2.2
1.911
2.204
1.893
1.884
1.569
0.1416
0.12
0.117
0.092
0.084
1.8380001
0.134
0.121
0.126
0.181
0.154
0.193
0.112
0.11
0.0769
0.118
0.95
0.114
4.81
1.976
5.625
0.0259
2.21
0.95
0.95
0.100
0.034
0.173
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
0.09248603
0.122
0.09723893
0.1127
0.120
0.1133
0.1135
0.07803214
0.01630291
0.0146376
0.01439833
0.01231
0.0116
0.08649916
0.019
0.02
0.01510999
0.0191281
0.01721865
0.0135
0.014
0.01383151
0.0109562
0.01447832
0.05628868
0.0141569
0.695
0.117
0.401
0.00539487
0.068
0.000057
0.0572
0.02999
0.00644044
0.01857338
0.227
0.558
1.10
1.47
1.93
2.99
3.01
9.85
11.5
12.2
12.3
13.4
13.8
14.1
14.2
16.4
18.0
21.1
22.4
25.0
25.0
25.1
28.5
30.7
35.6
37.6
72.0
2.27
2.79
2.95
42.5
0.592
0.713
1.04
3.08
6.02
6.02
13.0
18.9
42.5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
7
7
6
6
6
10
7
6
6
6
5
10
10
7
7
5
7
6
6
5
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
1
10
1
10
1
1
1
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
3
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
77
82
68
84
69
78
78
77
77
77
77
67
67
68
84
69
77
68
77
68
69
68
77
77
67
79
72
78
78
72
71
77
77
76
77
77
Survival
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
1042
14923
3239
3801
3766
942
14896
3332
14921
Mendenhall et al., 1983
Locke etal, 1966
Davison etal 1976
Azevedo etal., 1965
Chura and Stewart 1967
Davison and Sell, 1974
Mahoney 1975
Greichus and Harmon 1973
Jeffenes and French 1971
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT and metabolites
p,p' - DDT
100
100
100
88.5
100
90
100
100
100
Barn owl (Tyto alba }
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus}
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis}
Double Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus}
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia }
2
2
4
4
2
4
3
4
6
0/2.83
0/10
0/2.5/10/40
0/0.464/5.10/6.86
0/10
0/2/20/200
0/5/25
0/5/12.5/25
0/3/6/9/18/36
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg/d
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
M
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
1
120
16
103
120
343
14
9
56
yr
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
d
1.5-6
NR
9
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
yr
NR
w
NR
NR
yr
NR
NR
NR
MA
NR
JV
AD
JV
AD
NR
JV
AD
B
NR
F
M
B
F
NR
F
B
V
V
V
C
V
V
M
M
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
2.83
10.0
2.50
0.464
10.0
20.0
5.0
25.0
18.0
10.0
5.10
200
25
36.0
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
0.568
5.3499999
0.1
1.3
5.625
1.48
0.0259
2.2
0.415
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
0.04027205
0.17341286
0.01299939
0.0690399
0.401
0.062
0.00539487
0.09723893
0.03283011
0.211
0.324
0.325
0.411
0.713
0.754
1.04
1.10
1.42
1.30
4.51
7.54
5.21
2.85
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
7
7
5
6
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
8
6
4
8
8
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
1
10
10
6
10
6
10
6
6
10
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
82
73
81
85
79
75
77
69
78
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiicty Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 5 of 6
Ref
Result #
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
Ref No.
3442
3440
942
2668
3220
3440
3440
3440
3166
3254
3384
14917
14923
3239
14919
3593
3593
71
3399
14917
14917
71
942
3399
975
77
3362
14917
3575
3634
71
14919
3595
3438
3204
3400
3301
3763
3442
3157
3442
3766
3662
14917
3575
3583
3301
3301
3726
i
£
1
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1973
Davison and Sell, 1974
Haegele et al., 1974
Cecil etal., 1978
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Arscott etal 1972
Dieter, 1975
Haegele and Hudson, 1 973
DeWitt, 1955
Locke etal, 1966
Davison etal 1976
Genelly and Rudd, 1955
Simpson etal., 1972
Simpson etal., 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Jeffenes 1971
DeWitt, 1955
DeWitt, 1955
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Davison and Sell, 1974
Jeffenes 1971
Gillett and Arscott, 1969
Dieter 1974
Kreitzer and Heinz, 1974
DeWitt, 1955
Robson et al., 1976
Van Velzen etal., 1972
Chang and Stokstad, 1975
Genelly and Rudd, 1955
Smith etal., 1969
Lehman etal., 1974
Bntton, 1975
Jeffenes and French, 1969
Friend and Trainer, 1 974
DeWitt etal 1955
Lillieetal., 1972
Dasadhikan, et al, 1996
Lillieetal., 1972
Chura and Stewart 1967
Wiemeyer et al, 1986
DeWitt, 1955
Robson etal., 1976
Sell etal., 1972
Friend and Trainer, 1 974
Friend and Trainer, 1 974
Stickelet. al., 1966
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Exposure
Chemical Form
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Pure isomers
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDT
p,p' - DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDE
o,p' - ODD
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
5S
100
71
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
98
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
99
99
100
I
«
1
H
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos')
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris }
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus }
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo }
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Cowbird (Molothrus ater}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus}
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Homing Pigeon (Columba livia }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos}
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Pigeon (Coumba livia }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus}
American kestrel (Falco sparverius}
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Cowbird (Molothrus ater}
# of Cone/ Doses
4
3
4
2
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
4
3
2
2
3
4
2
2
3
5
4
2
4
2
3
3
2
3
6
4
4
4
4
5
7
4
2
4
5
2
2
2
2
5
5
2
0
O
0/5/25/50
0/10/50
0/2/20/200
0/40
0/5/50/500
0/10/50
0/50
0/10/50
0/100
0/25/100
0/40
0/4.6
0/160/4000
0/2.5/10/40
0/5.72/20.84
0/264.6
0/264.6
0/50/200
0/34/139/1205
0/10.5
0/0.01
0/25/100
0/2/20/40/200
0/18/168/840
0/100
0/5/25/100
0/50
0/13.8/25.0
0/100/300
0/100
0/50/200
0/50/100/200/400/600
0/100/200/400
0/10/50/150
0/300/600/1200
0/9.1/18.2/36.1
0/500/1000/1500/2000
0/25/50/75/100/150/200
0/5/25/50
0/0.1
0/5/25/50
0/10/160/800/4000
0/10
0/11.5
0/100
0/200
0/500/1000/1500/2000
0/1000/1250/1500/2000
0/500
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
% in diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
GV
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
28
40
167
85
30
40
28
40
32
7
126
120
23
12
74
15
15
14
6
120
10
5
3
6
23
12
8
45
168
13
5
90
10
242
84
42
10
5
28
5
28
77
1
18
168
22
10
10
8
Duration Units
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
mo
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
yr
d
d
d
d
d
d
1
26
26
2
NR
11
26
72
26
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
9
6
6
6
2
200-300
1
NR
2
1
250
4
2
0
NR
1
NR
2
6
8
28
19
NR
5
NR
26
NR
26
NR
NR
NR
1
0
30
NR
NR
Age Units
w
w
yr
NR
mo
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
w
mo
w
w
w
d
d
NR
w
yr
d
w
mo
d
NR
d
NR
w
mo
w
d
mo
NR
d
NR
w
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
Lifestage
SM
SM
AD
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
NR
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
AD
SM
JV
SM
JV
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
SM
AD
SM
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
NR
x
»
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
B
NR
F
B
M
M
F
B
B
NR
F
F
B
M
M
NR
B
F
M
F
F
B
B
F
B
B
NR
F
NR
F
B
F
B
M
B
B
M
NR
Control Type
V
C
V
C
C
V
V
V
V
V
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
V
V
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
V
V
C
V
V
V
C
V
C
C
C
V
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect Type
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect Measure
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
Study NOAEL
25.0
50.0
20.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
100
25.0
40.0
4.60
160
40.0
5.72
265
265
50.0
139
10.5
0.010
100
200
100
100
50.0
13.8
100
100
200
400
200
250
600
36.1
500
100
Study LOAEL
50.0
200
500
100
4000
20.8
200
1205
840
25.0
300
600
400
1200
1000
200
5.0
0.100
5.0
10.0
10.0
11.5
100
200
500
1000
500
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Body Weight in kg
1918
2.204
1.12
1.1
1.98
2.121
2.153
2.078
2.21
0.0847
0.144
1.3
5.3499999
0.1
0.95
14.3
14.3
0.11
0.01413
0.1
0.16
0.1416
0.93
0.01413
0.09
0.09
0.01200
0.1
0.134
0.049
0.181
0.95
0.1
0.04
1.6
0.3966
0.092
0.0847
1.889
0.34
1.84
5.625
0.161
1.3
0.110
0.0769
0.46
1.1
0.064
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.1122
0.120
0.115
0.06192552
0.09079293
0.119
0.118
0.114
0.068
0.01166743
0.01648227
0.0690399
0.17341286
0.01299939
0.000057
0.328887
0.328887
0.01383151
0.00363635
0.01299939
0.01765245
0.01630291
0.05551437
0.00363635
0.01213
0.01213766
0.003269
0.01299939
0.019
0.00817035
0.0191281
0.05628868
0.01299939
0.00715919
0.07903238
0.031875
0.01231257
0.01166743
0.111
0.02883472
0.1095
0.401
0.0177242
0.0690399
0.020
0.0109562
0.03510576
0.0619255
0.00972179
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
1.46
1.93
2.03
2.25
2.27
2.72
2.74
2.74
3.08
3.44
4.58
4.60
5.19
5.20
6.02
6.09
6.09
6.3
9.84
10.5
11.0
11.5
11.8
11.9
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.8
14.2
16.7
21.1
23.7
25.7
26.8
29.0
36.1
66.2
100
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
2.93
20.3
22.7
13.8
130
21.9
25.1
85.3
59.4
25.0
43.5
35.6
51.5
58.1
132
200
0.293
0.294
0.298
0.713
1.10
11.5
18.0
28.5
37.8
55.7
76.0
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
7
7
7
5
6
7
7
7
7
5
5
10
5
5
6
5
5
6
6
10
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
10
7
5
6
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
7
5
7
7
6
10
7
6
5
5
5
Endpoint
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Dose Range
10
4
8
4
8
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
6
4
8
4
4
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
10
10
4
10
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
1
6
10
10
1
1
1
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
10
6
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
6
3
6
10
10
10
3
6
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
6
3
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
85
70
75
70
78
70
70
70
72
77
77
73
75
77
82
77
77
82
82
73
69
78
70
78
77
77
68
84
85
73
78
83
83
77
79
81
83
91
79
73
79
79
78
75
79
78
77
73
70
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
3157
14923
40
3570
3615
3615
942
3217
3217
Dasadhikan, et al, 1996
Locke etal, 1966
Davison and Sell, 1974
Richie and Peterle, 1979
Sullivan and Scanlon, 1991
Sullivan and Scanlon, 1991
Davison and Sell, 1974
Cecil etal., 1973
Cecil etal., 1973
ODD
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
o,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
100
100
99
99.9
100
100
99
100
100
Pigeon (Coumba livia }
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus}
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria}
Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus }
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
Chicken (Gallus domesticus }
2
2
3
2
2
2
4
3
3
0/0.1
0/10
0/2/20/200
0/10
0/25
0/25
0/2/20/200
0/10/50
0/10/50
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
5
120
343
90
56
56
343
28
28
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
2
2
2
NR
NR
yr
NR
NR
NR
yr
yr
yr
AD
NR
AD
SM
NR
NR
AD
SM
SM
NR
NR
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
C
V
C
C
V
V
V
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
NR
PTH
REP
BIO
BIO
BEH
GRO
BEH
BIO
BIO
HIS
REP
ENZ
HRM
FOB
GRO
FOB
CHM
CHM
GHIS
SPCL
APND
GHRM
FCNS
BDWT
FCNS
CALC
CALC
AR
TE
LI
BL
wo
wo
wo
EG
EG
0.100
10.0
20.0
10.00
25.0
25.0
20
50.0
50.0
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
0.34
5.3499999
1.1
0.1440
0.207
0.207
1.12
1.6
1.6
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
0.02883472
0.17341286
0.06192552
0.01648
0.0128
0.0128
0.105
0.07903238
0.07903238
0.294
0.324
.11
.14
.55
.55
.86
2.47
2.47
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
5
5
4
10
1
1
4
8
4
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
6
3
3
3
6
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
59
65
58
53
58
62
61
60
60
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiicty Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 6 of 6
Ref
Result #
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
215
216
217
218
219
Ref No.
3440
3440
3440
3440
3442
3442
3442
3166
3166
14896
3341
3593
3593
942
40
942
3601
3601
3591
3591
3591
3362
3591
3575
942
14919
14920
3220
3615
3583
3324
3183
3324
3575
3548
3563
3157
3356
3356
3341
3459
232
3428
3356
i
£
1
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1973
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Lillieetal., 1972
Arscottetall972
Arscottetall972
Mahoney 1975
Haegele and Hudson 1 977
Simpson etal., 1972
Simpson etal., 1972
Davison and Sell, 1974
Davison and Sell, 1974
Davison and Sell, 1974
Stanley etal., 1978
Stanley etal., 1978
Sifnetal., 1975
Sifnetal., 1975
Sifnetal., 1975
Kreitzer and Heinz, 1974
Sifnetal., 1975
Robsonetal., 1976
Davison and Sell, 1974
Genelly and Rudd, 1955
Genelly and Rudd, 1956
Cecil etal., 1978
Sullivan and Scanlon, 1991
Sell etal., 1972
Grassle and Biessmann, 1982
Biessmann and von Faber, 1981
Grassle and Biessmann, 1982
Robsonetal., 1976
Pepperell, 1972
Raglandetal., 1971
Dasadhikan, et al, 1996
Haseltmeetal., 1974
Haseltmeetal., 1974
Haegele and Hudson 1 977
Lundholm, 1990
KolajaandHinton, 1979
Kolaja andHinton, 1977
Haseltmeetal., 1974
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDE
DDT
DDT
ODD
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT
DDE
Exposure
Chemical Form
DDT - Pure isomers
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDE
5S
100
71
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
90
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.9
99.9
100
100
100
100
99.9
I
«
1
H
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
White Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus~)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonic a )
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Pigeon (Coumba livia )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus )
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)
# of Cone/ Doses
3
3
2
3
4
4
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
4
4
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
0
O
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/50
0/10/50
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/5/25/50
0/100
0/100
0/5/25
0/10/50
0/264.6
0/264.6
0/2/20/200
0/2/20/200
0/2/20/40/200
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/50
0/100
0/100
0/2/20/200
0/5.72/20.84
0/5.72/20.84
0/5/50/500
0/25
0/200
0/50/250
0/50/250
0/50/250
0/100/300
0/1.5/15/75
0/900
0/0.1
0/10
0/10
0/10/50
0/40
0/50
0/50
0/40
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
40
40
28
40
28
28
28
32
32
6
63
15
15
343
343
3
31
31
14
14
14
8
14
168
167
74
10
30
56
22
70
9
70
168
8
8
5
5
11
63
45
6
6
3
Duration Units
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
d
d
mo
w
d
d
mo
mo
w
1
26
26
72
26
26
26
26
NR
NR
NR
NR
6
6
2
2
1
4
4
8
8
8
0
8
1
2
6
NR
11
NR
0
5
5
5
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
yr
yr
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
yr
mo
NR
mo
NR
d
w
w
w
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
yr
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
NR
SM
JV
JV
AD
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
SM
SM
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
AD
AD
AD
SM
AD
SM
AD
AD
x
»
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
NR
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
B
B
B
NR
B
F
F
B
F
M
F
B
B
F
B
F
F
M
NR
F
F
M
F
B
F
F
Control Type
V
C
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
M
C
C
C
V
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
V
C
V
C
V
V
C
C
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
V
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BIO
BEH
GRO
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
BIO
PTH
PTH
BIO
BEH
BIO
PTH
BEH
PTH
BEH
PTH
BEH
BEH
BIO
BEH
PTH
BIO
PTH
PTH
BEH
MOR
PTH
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
Effect Type
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
CHM
FOB
GRO
GRS
HIS
HIS
GRS
ENZ
GRS
ORW
ENZ
BEH
CHM
ORW
BEH
ORW
FOB
GRS
FOB
FOB
ENZ
FOB
ORW
HRM
ORW
ORW
FOB
MOR
HIS
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
Effect Measure
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
PCLV
FCNS
BDWT
BDWT
GHIS
GHIS
BDWT
APND
BDWT
SMLX
G6PD
INST
MCPR
SMLX
RSPT
SMLX
FCNS
BDWT
FCNS
FCNS
AHDX
FCNS
ORWT
THYR
SMLX
ORWT
FCNS
MORT
NCRO
CORT
CALC
CALC
LIPD
GBCM
CALC
CALC
CALC
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
BL
WO
WO
WO
LI
LI
WO
LI
WO
LI
LI
WO
LI
LI
WO
LI
WO
WO
WO
WO
LI
WO
LI
SR
AR
TY
WO
WO
LI
AR
SR
SR
WO
SG
SG
RT
SR
Study NOAEL
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
100
100
25.0
50.0
265
265
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
50.0
100
100
200
20.8
20.8
500
25.0
200
250
250
250
300
75.0
900
Study LOAEL
0.100
10.0
10.0
10.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
40.0
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Body Weight in kg
2.121
2.204
2.153
2.078
1.893
1.884
1.790
2.21
2.21
0.0259
0.152
14.3
14.3
1.48
1.1
0.93
0.125
0.125
0.100
0.100
0.092
0.01200
0.084
0.121
1.12
0.95
0.95
1.98
0.193
0.0769
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.134
1.6
0.46
0.34
1.1
0.95
0.152
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.144
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.119
0.120
0.118
0.114
0.1133
0.1135
0.1084
0.068
0.068
0.00539487
0.01707274
0.328887
0.328887
0.062
0.06192552
0.05551437
0.01503181
0.01503181
0.02999
0.02999
0.01231
0.003269
0.0116
0.020
0.105
5.21E-05
0.0521
0.09079293
0.0135
0.0109562
0.01299939
0.01299939
0.01299939
0.019
0.07903238
0.03628638
0.02883472
0.06192552
0.05628868
0.01707274
0.06192552
0.06553449
0.06192552
0.01648227
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
2.72
1.99
2.74
2.74
2.99
3.01
3.03
3.08
3.08
5.21
5.62
6.09
6.09
7.54
10.1
11.8
12.0
12.0
13.0
13.0
13.4
13.6
13.8
16.4
18.6
21.9
21.9
22.9
25.0
28.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
42.5
46.9
71.0
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
0.294
0.562
0.592
1.12
2.25
2.73
2.81
4.57
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
5
7
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
6
6
6
10
6
5
5
5
7
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Endpoint
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
8
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
1
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
1
4
4
4
9
4
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
3
6
6
10
10
6
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
6
3
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
3
3
3
6
3
3
3
3
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
65
65
65
65
65
65
64
57
63
63
61
63
63
61
60
60
65
62
63
60
63
63
63
65
61
64
64
57
64
64
62
65
65
65
65
63
65
62
62
65
62
62
62
62
All abbreviations and definitions are used in coding studies are available from
*Duplicate values for NOAELs and LOAELs for the same reference represent
Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
results from different experimental designs and are identified by different Phase numbers.
Eco-SSL for DDT
April 2007
-------
Soil Seroonlnq
Appendix 6-1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife
Toxicity Reference Value (TRY) - DDT and Metabolites
April 2007
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 1 of 4
Ref
Result #
z;
B!
Exposure
Chemical Form
MW%
a.
yi
1
# of Cone/ Doses
1
I
5
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
I
Control Type
00
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
[ngestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
$
o
H
Biochemical
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3470
3380
3670
3670
3256
3349
1133
3209
3811
3226
20970
3630
3256
3256
3171
3320
3221
3209
3630
3410
3526
3163
3221
3187
947
3208
3208
3163
3672
3231
3610
3482
3610
3555
3674
3482
Martin et al., 1976
Hoffman et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1970
Dinuetal 1974
Cecil et al., 1971
Thomas, 1974
Bunyan et al., 1972
Attiaetal 1995
Clement and Okey 1972
Leavens et al, 2002
Tinsley, 1965
Mnuetal 1974
Mnuetal 1974
Banerjee et al., 1983
Oillett, 1969
Cecil et al, 1975
Bunyan et al., 1972
Tinsley, 1965
Jonssonetal., 1976
Qrberg and Lundberg, 1974
Ali and Shakoori, 1996
Cecil et al, 1975
Cecil et al., 1973
Deichmann, 1974
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Ali and Shakoori, 1996
Yagi et. al., 1979
Copeland and Cranmer 1974
Story and Freedland, 1979
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
Story and Freedland, 1979
Platt and Cockrill, 1969
You et al., 1999
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
o,p '- DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDMU
DDT
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
o,p '- DDT
DDT
o,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
100
88
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
90
100
100
100
100
75
90
100
99
100
100
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canisfamilaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
5
15
2
3
2
6
4
2
2
5
6
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/0.45/0.72/1.24/1.62
0/0.5/2/4/8/16/32/64/178/256/512/750/1024/1550/2048
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/20
0/50/100/250/500/1000
0/12.5/25/50
0/150
0/22.6
0/500/1000/2000/3000
0/5/12.5/25/50/100
0/5/25/200
0/20
0/20
0/20
0/25
0/0.2
0/50/100/150
0/50/100
0/75/150
0/0.25
0/10
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/150
0/150
0/20
0/583
0/50
0/1000
0/0.1
0/1000
0/0.10
0/100
0/100
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
g/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
% in diet
mg/kg diet
% in diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
NR
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
UX
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
OV
OV
FD
FD
OV
FD
OV
FD
OV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
OV
OV
120
14
15
15
72
7
10
21
6
7
5
4
72
72
1
2
17
21
4
36
28
6
20
2
260
21
21
6
50
32
2
14
2
14
7
14
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
yr
w
w
d
w
w
d
mo
w
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
NR
NR
18
18
NR
22
NR
NR
NR
23
71
6
4
NR
NR
28
i
NR
5-6
NR
NR
3
60-90
21
4
NR
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
d
NR
NR
mo
d
d
w
w
NR
NR
d
yr
NR
w
NR
NR
mo
d
d
w
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
OE
SM
JV
JV
JV
OE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
B
M
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
B
M
F
M
M
F
M
B
F
M
NR
F
B
B
M
M
NR
M
M
M
NR
M
M
M
NR
V
c
V
V
c
c
V
c
V
M
V
V
C
c
V
V
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
V
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HRM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
HRM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
OENZ
PNAD
OLYC
OLYC
ALDO
OLYC
OHRM
MCPR
PORP
OLYC
TSTR
O6PD
OLRE
ALDO
ALPH
OENZ
AHDX
MCPR
O6PD
PROS
P450
OLUC
APND
LIPD
LIPD
PRTL
P450
OLUC
THIA
PRTL
OENZ
NCCR
THRE
NCCR
OENZ
NCCR
LI
LI
UT
UT
LI
UT
PO
LI
HO
UT
SR
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
PL
LI
LI
LI
LI
LD
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
1.62
4.0
50
50
20
100
12.5
150
22.6
500
100
8.0
250
25
1000
5.0
20
20
20
25
0.2
50
50
75
0.25
10
100
100
100
150
150
20
583
50
1000
0.10
1000
0.10
100
100
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.04
0.12
0.072
0.06830
0.1905
0.0689
0.04
0.211
0.125
0.156
0.248
0.100
0.2602
0.1859
0.243
0.217
70
0.205
0.100
0.2500
0.0375
0.21895
0.2024
0.32
0.0346
0.218
0.216
0.16647
0.3918
14
0.2125
0.17
0.15
0.2
0.330
0.035
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.004874
0.012024
0.0079010
0.075384
0.01350
0.00530
0.0048736
0.019121
0.012434
0.014918
0.021837
0.010350
0.016500
0.01390
0.021475
0.019567
1.10
0.018673
0.012999
0.021980
0.0046218
0.0300
0.018478
0.026927
0.0043259
0.019641
0.019493
0.030
0.03180
0.60128
0.019233
0.016010
0.014445
0.018298
0.027616
0.004367
0.197
0.353
0.694
0.735
1.42
7.62
12.5
13.6
22.6
47.8
99.0
0.705
19.0
25.0
95.6
0.518
1.27
1.50
1.77
2.25
2.57
4.55
6.50
6.60
6.67
7.50
8.22
8.41
12.4
13.5
13.5
15.0
47.3
50.0
90.5
94.2
96.3
96.3
99.0
100
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
8
10
8
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
5
10
10
5
5
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
7
7
10
6
10
5
10
6
7
7
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
10
5
6
6
6
6
10
6
10
6
6
6
6
10
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
10
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
6
10
10
10
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
66
76
73
73
71
77
79
66
68
75
71
70
71
71
70
69
70
70
70
70
69
74
69
70
70
70
70
74
70
70
70
66
70
70
77
73
Behavior
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
3256
3256
3256
3510
3553
3564
3538
1020
Mnuetal 1974
Mnuetal 1974
Mnuetal 1974
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1973
Peterle and Peterle, 1971
Rao et al., 1978
Paulsen et al 1975
Kimbrough et al. 1971
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT - Commercial
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
0/20
0/20
0/20
0/2
0/7
0/2/6
0/50/100
0/12.93/26.5
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
72
72
72
8
80
8
14
8
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
w
4
NR
NR
7
12
NR
90-100
3-4
w
NR
NR
w
w
NR
d
mo
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
OE
JV
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
M
c
c
c
c
V
c
V
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
OBHV
INST
OBEH
INST
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
20
20
20
2.0
7.0
2.0
50.0
12.9
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
0.2602
0.1905
0.1859
0.204
0.0317
0.25
0.25000
0.597
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
0.01650
0.01350
0.01390
0.01860
0.0040256
0.021982
0.010
0.044958
1.27
1.42
1.50
2.0
0.889
1.0
2.0
12.9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
10
5
10
7
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
74
74
74
68
72
75
74
77
Physiology
46
47
48
49
50
51
3256
3256
3256
3510
3202
14715
Mnuetal 1974
Mnuetal 1974
Mnuetal 1974
Nickeison and Sniffen, 1973
Braham and Neal, 1974
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT - Commercial
DDT
DDT - Commercial
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Short tail shrew (Blarina brevicauda )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
2
2
2
2
2
3
0/20
0/20
0/20
0/2
0/16.55
0/800/1200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
u
u
u
u
M
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
72
72
72
8
1
6
d
d
d
w
w
mo
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
M
F
F
F
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
META
OPHY
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
LI
20
20
20
2.0
16.55
800
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
0.2602
0.1905
0.1859
0.204
0.017
0.4702
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
0.01650
0.01350
0.01390
0.01860
0.0120
0.036946
1.27
1.42
1.50
2.0
11.7
62.9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
7
10
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
73
74
74
68
71
72
Pathology
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
3612
14960
14960
3630
3670
3670
3171
3221
Street and Sharma, 1975
Treonetal, 1951
Treonetal, 1951
Tinsley, 1965
Wrenn et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1970
Baneriee et al., 1983
Cecil et al, 1975
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
100
92
100
100
100
100
100
90
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
5
6
6
4
2
3
2
2
0/0.184/0.92/2.10/6.54
0/2.5/5.0/25/75/300
0/2.5/5.0/25/75/300
0/5/25/200
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/20
0/0.2
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
g/org/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
OV
OV
FD
FD
57
16
16
4
15
15
1
17
d
w
w
w
d
d
yr
w
NR
NR
NR
6
18
18
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
w
d
d
NR
yr
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
B
B
B
F
F
M
F
V
c
c
V
V
V
V
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
HIS
HIS
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
OHIS
OHIS
OHIS
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
VI
LI
LI
LI
AR
AR
LI
LI
0.184
5.0
5.0
5.0
50
50
20
0.2
0.92
25.0
25.0
25
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
2.97
0.39787
0.39787
0.100
0.072
0.06830
0.243
70
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
0.16808
0.032207
0.032207
0.010350
0.0079010
0.075384
0.0214746
1.10
0.184
0.372
0.405
0.518
0.694
0.735
1.77
2.57
0.92
1.86
2.20
2.59
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
8
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
77
77
77
77
76
76
69
71
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 2 of 4
Ref
Result #
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
z;
Si
14719
3380
3431
3221
3652
20970
3209
961
961
3172
3527
3651
73
3226
1133
3224
3564
3630
3411
3526
3162
3163
3187
14714
1020
3208
3209
3208
3162
3163
14714
3172
3172
3172
3652
74
3286
3214
3672
3231
14715
3482
3555
3674
3482
Wilson etal., 1946
Hoffman et al., 1970
Kornbrust et al, 1986
Cecil et al, 1975
Wassermann et al,
Leavens et al, 2002
Bunyan et al., 1972
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Ortega etal, 1957
Wasserman and Wasserman, 1973
Clark and Stafford, 1981
Clement and Okey 1972
Thomas, 1974
Chowdhury et al., 1990
Rao et al., 1978
Tinsley, 1965
Jonssonetal., 1981
Qrberg and Lundberg, 1974
Ali and Shakoori, 1996
Ali and Shakoori, 1996
Cecil et al., 1973
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Kimbrough et al. 1971
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Bunyan et al., 1972
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Ali and Shakoori, 1996
Ali and Shakoori, 1996
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Baneriee and Pasha, 1996
Baneriee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Wassermann et al,
Clark and Kroll 1977
Fonsecaetal 1986
Cannon and Hoi comb, 1968
Yagi et. al., 1979
Copeland and Cranmer 1974
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
Platt and Cockrill, 1969
You et al., 1999
Mclntosh and Topham, 1972
Exposure
Chemical Form
DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
ODD
DDT - Technical
DDA
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDE
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDMU
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDE
p,p' - DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
DDT - Commercial
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT
MW%
100
88
99
90
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
a.
yi
1
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
15
2
2
2
6
4
3
3
2
7
2
3
5
4
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
I
5
0/1.60
0/0.5/2/4/8/16/32/64/178/256/512/750/1024/1550/2048
0/7.14
0/100
0/100
0/5/12.5/25/50/100
0/50/100/150
0/100/200
0/100/200
0/200
0/5/15/50/200/400/1000
0/200
0.1/150/480
0/500/1000/2000/3000
0/12.5/25/50
0/0.2
0/2/6
0/50/100
0/75/150
0/0.25
0/10
0/10
0/100
0/100/200/400/800
0/12.93/26.5
0/150
0/150
0/150
0/20
0/20
0/200/400/600/800
0/200
0/200
0/200
0/200
0/107
0/400
0/200/300
0/583
0/50
0/800/1200
0/0.1
0/0.10
0/100
0/100
Cone/Dose Units
g/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/1
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
% in diet
% in diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
DLY
ADL
5 perw
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
OV
FD
DR
OV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
OV
OV
OR
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
OV
OV
Exposure Duration
141
14
75
20
6
5
21
42
42
6
2
6
8
7
10
120
8
4
36
28
6
6
2
24
8
21
21
21
6
6
18
6
6
6
5
40
2
55
50
32
6
14
14
7
14
Duration Units
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
mo
w
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
mo
mo
mo
mo
w
d
d
d
d
d
mo
w
w
w
w
d
mo
d
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
&
•<
NR
NR
55
60-90
NR
71
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
23
NR
NR
NR
5-6
NR
NR
3
3
21
21
3-4
NR
NR
NR
5
5
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
4-5
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
d
d
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
mo
mo
d
d
mo
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
AD
JV
OE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
I
NR
M
F
F
B
M
M
F
F
M
B
M
F
F
M
M
M
B
F
M
NR
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
NR
NR
B
M
M
M
B
F
F
M
M
M
M
NR
M
M
NR
Control Type
C
C
V
C
V
V
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
M
V
V
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
00
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
Effect Type
ITX
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ITX
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORS
HIS
ITX
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
Effect Measure
OITX
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
OHIS
OITX
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
NCRO
ORWT
CTYP
ORWT
ORWT
OLSN
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
CTYP
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
BDWT
USTR
OITX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
SMIX
Response Site
WO
LI
LI
LI
AR
LI
LI
AR
AR
LI
LI
AR
WO
UT
PO
AR
LI
WO
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
WO
BR
WO
LI
AR
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
Study NOAEL
1.60
64.0
7.14
100
100
12.5
150
200
200
200
200
200
150
500
50
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
128
25
400
480
1000
0.20
2.0
50
75
0.25
10
10
100
100
12.9
150
150
150
20
20
200
200
200
200
200
107
400
200
583
50
800
0.10
0.1
100
100
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
532
0.12
0.320
0.2024
0.138
0.248
0.206
0.258
0.247
0.1345
0.1
0.235
0.00633
0.156
0.04
0.3243
0.25
0.100
0.25
0.0375
0.21895
0.21895
0.32
0.55
0.597
0.216
0.211
0.218
0.16745
0.16647
0.55
0.1427
0.142
0.13875
0.19
0.00931
0.15
0.0251
0.3918
14
0.4702
0.17
0.2
0.330
0.04
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg or L/day
18.0
0.012024
0.026920
0.018478
0.016654
0.021837
0.018748
0.022558
0.021765
0.013206
0.010350
0.026890
0.0010708
0.014918
0.0048736
0.027224
0.021982
0.012999
0.021982
0.0046218
0.019712
0.030
0.026927
0.042028
0.044958
0.019493
0.019121
0.021590
0.015812
0.030
0.042028
0.013864
0.013808
0.013548
0.022208
0.0027715
0.014445
0.0050
0.031802
0.60128
0.036946
0.016010
0.018298
0.027616
0.0048736
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
3.53
5.64
7.07
8.22
12.1
12.4
13.7
17.5
17.6
19.6
20.7
22.9
25.4
47.8
50.0
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
11.3
24.8
41.4
81.2
95.6
0.20
1.0
6.50
6.59
6.67
7.50
7.50
8.41
8.71
12.9
13.5
13.6
14.9
15.0
15.0
15.3
19.4
19.4
19.5
23.4
31.9
37.2
39.8
47.3
50.0
62.9
94.2
96.3
99.0
100
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
8
10
5
8
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
8
8
8
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
8
Test Concentrations
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
6
10
5
6
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
10
10
10
6
6
6
10
10
6
5
10
6
6
6
10
10
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
10
5
6
6
10
10
Endpoint
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dose Range
4
10
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
10
4
8
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
6
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
$
o
H
70
79
80
70
68
89
73
73
73
73
79
68
78
78
69
80
75
73
73
72
77
77
73
72
77
73
73
73
77
77
72
73
73
73
68
71
73
74
73
73
72
73
73
80
76
Reproduction
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
3670
3670
3670
3669
3649
3668
3582
3530
3227
14965
3666
3221
3437
3526
3431
3349
Wrenn et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1971
Ware and Good, 1967
Wrenn et al., 1971
Seller etal, 1994
Ottoboni, 1972
Clement and Okey 1974
Treonetal, 1954
Wolfe etal., 1979
Cecil et al, 1975
Ledouxetal., 1977
Qrberg and Lundberg, 1974
Kornbrust et al, 1986
Cecil et al., 1971
o,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
o,p '- DDT
100
100
100
100
77.2
100
100
99
100
100
100
90
98.5
100
99
99
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus)
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
2
3
2
2
5
2
2
4
4
3
2
5
2
2
6
0/1/2.5
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/10
0/7
0/1/10/20/40
0/1.3
0/20
0/20/200/500
0/2.5/12.5/25.0
0/0.24/2.4
0/0.2
0/5/10/20/40
0/0.25
0/7.14
0/50/100/250/500/1000
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
g/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
3 perw
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
5 perw
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
OV
OV
FD
FD
FD
OV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
OV
FD
168
15
15
9
120
17
116
23
8
120
15
17
84
28
75
7
d
d
d
mo
d
w
d
mo
mo
d
mo
w
d
d
d
d
1
18
18
18-19
6
21
NR
21
80-100
28
60
1
7
NR
55
22
d
d
d
mo
w
d
NR
d
d
d
d
yr
w
NR
d
d
JV
JV
JV
OE
OE
OE
OE
OE
OE
OE
JV
JV
OE
SM
OE
JV
B
F
F
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
F
F
V
V
V
C
V
C
V
C
V
C
V
C
V
V
V
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
ORWT
OREP
OREP
OREP
PERT
OREP
PROO
PROO
PRWT
PERT
PROO
OREP
PRWT
TEWT
OSTT
OREP
OV
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
UT
WO
TE
WO
UT
1.0
10
10
10
7.0
10
1.3
20
20
25
2.4
0.2
40.0
0.25
7.14
100
2.5
50
50
20
200
250
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
0.072
0.072
0.06830
32
0.02223
0.228
4.5
0.338
0.297
0.2024
0.0151
70
0.02875
0.0375
0.320
0.0689
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
0.0079010
0.0079010
0.075384
1.1863
0.0030148
0.020379
0.23654
0.028166
0.025326
0.018478
0.0020
1.10
0.0037150
0.0046218
0.026920
0.00530
0.110
0.139
0.147
0.371
0.731
0.894
1.30
1.65
1.71
2.28
2.40
2.57
5.09
6.67
7.07
7.62
0.274
0.694
0.735
1.79
17.1
19.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
5
5
6
10
6
5
5
10
6
5
6
10
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
4
4
10
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
1
1
10
1
1
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
85
86
86
74
78
85
77
70
82
69
74
75
78
78
86
86
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 3 of 4
Ref
Result #
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
z;
Si
3674
3448
947
3227
3529
3802
3865
3226
1133
3214
20970
3533
3496
3533
3437
3621
3649
3564
3538
3510
3447
3437
14719
3410
3531
14714
3233
3433
You et al., 1999
Loeffler and Peterson, 1999
Deichmann, 1974
Clement and Okey 1974
Ottoboni, 1969
Bernard and Gaertner, 1964
Hayes, 1976
Clement and Okey 1972
Thomas, 1974
Cannon and Hoi comb, 1968
Leavens et al, 2002
Palanza et al., 1999
Naishtein and Leibovich, 1970
Palanza et al., 1999
Ledouxetal., 1977
Tarjan and Kemeny, 1969
Ware and Good, 1967
Rao et al., 1978
Paulsen et al 1975
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1973
Lindenau et al, 1994
Ledouxetal., 1977
Wilson etal., 1946
Jonssonetal., 1976
Ottoboni et al 1977
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Craig and Ogilvie, 1974
Krause et al., 1975
Exposure
Chemical Form
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
o,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
p,p' - DDE
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Commercial
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Commercial
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT
MW%
99
100
99
100
99
100
99.5
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
98.5
100
77.2
50
100
100
100
98.5
100
100
99
100
100
100
a.
yi
1
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canisfamiliaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
3
6
2
4
3
5
2
5
4
3
6
6
2
3
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
4
2
3
4
5
2
2
1
I
5
0/10/100
0/1/10/50/100/200
0/100
0/20/200/1000
0/20/200
0/100/200/300/600
0/32.4
0/500/1000/2000/3000
0/12.5/25/50
0/200/300
0/5/12.5/25/50/100
0/20/200/2000/20000/100000
0/0.02
0/20/200
0/5/10/20
0/0.7
0/7
0/2/6
0/50/100
0/2
0/3
0/30/60/120
0/106
0/75/150
0/2/5/10
0/200/400/600/800
0/200
0/200
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
3 per w
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
GV
Exposure Duration
5
5
260
8
117
50
116
7
10
55
5
7
4
7
15
6
120
8
14
8
12
15
175
36
3
89
6
14
Duration Units
d
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
mo
d
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
If
w
w
d
&
•<
NR
NR
4
80-100
21
4
21
23
NR
4-5
71
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
90-100
7
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
4
Age Units
NR
NR
w
d
d
mo
d
d
NR
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
w
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
Lifestage
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
GE
SM
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
SM
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
I
F
F
B
F
B
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
F
B
F
B
M
F
F
F
B
F
F
B
F
F
M
Control Type
V
V
V
V
c
c
c
M
V
C
V
c
V
c
V
c
V
c
V
c
V
V
c
c
c
V
c
V
00
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Type
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Measure
OTHR
ODVP
PRWT
PRWT
RSUC
RSUC
DEYO
PVOP
TEWT
TEWT
RHIS
PBEH
GREP
PBEH
PRWT
PRWT
PERT
TEWT
RBEH
PERT
OVRT
PROG
PRWT
PROG
PERT
ABNM
PROG
TEWT
Response Site
PY
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
TE
TE
PG
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
ov
NR
TE
Study NOAEL
10
10
100
200
200
200
32.4
500
50
300
100
100000
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
100
50
1000
300
1000
0.02
20
5.0
0.7
7.0
2.0
50.0
2.0
3.0
30.0
106
75
10
200
200
200
Body Weight Reported?
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Body Weight in kg
0.350
0.4
0.0346
0.297
0.267
0.02875
0.2024
0.156
0.04
0.0247
0.248
0.029
0.3846
0.029
0.02875
0.0325
0.02223
0.25
0.25000
0.204
4.5
0.02875
68.56
0.2500
10.45
0.4
0.0325
0.032
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.027616
0.032348
0.0043259
0.025326
0.023260
0.0037150
0.0000133
0.014918
0.0048736
0.0050
0.021837
0.0037415
0.031321
0.0037415
0.0037150
0.0041089
0.0030148
0.021982
0.010
0.018598
0.23654
0.003715
2.730
0.021980
0.47279
0.032348
0.0041089
0.0040569
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
9.90
10.0
12.4
17.1
17.2
25.8
32.2
47.8
50.0
60.7
99.0
100
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
99.0
50.0
85.3
38.8
95.6
0.020
0.020
0.636
0.700
0.731
1.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.82
4.22
6.60
9.90
16.2
25.3
200
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
10
8
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
8
Test Concentrations
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
10
6
5
5
5
10
5
10
7
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
7
10
10
5
7
6
10
5
5
10
Endpoint
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Range
8
8
4
8
4
10
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
1
10
1
10
6
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
$
o
H
90
90
79
82
74
84
74
84
78
71
80
74
86
83
78
88
78
81
80
83
79
78
80
79
86
78
78
86
Growth
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
3670
3670
3256
3256
14719
3256
3171
3510
14964
3612
3431
947
3208
3208
3209
3209
14714
961
961
3172
3172
3172
3172
14960
1020
3804
3214
3349
3380
3555
3804
3433
3224
Wrenn et al., 1970
Wrenn et al., 1970
Dinuetal 1974
Dinuetal 1974
Wilson etal., 1946
Mnuetal 1974
Banerjee et al., 1983
Nickerson and Sniffen, 1973
Treonetal, 1953
Street and Sharma, 1975
Kornbrust et al, 1986
Deichmann, 1974
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Bunyan and Page, 1973
Bunyan et al., 1972
Bunyan et al., 1972
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Treonetal, 1951
Kimbrough et al. 1971
Rossi et al., 1983
Cannon and Hoi comb, 1968
Cecil et al., 1971
Hoffman et al., 1970
Platt and Cockrill, 1969
Rossi et al., 1983
Krause et al., 1975
Chowdhury et al., 1990
o,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT - Commercial
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
p,p' - DDMU
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
ODD
DDT - Technical
p,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDA
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
DDT
o,p '- DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT - Technical
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.7
100
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
92
100
99
100
99
88
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
3
3
2
2
2
2
6
3
3
3
6
15
2
2
2
2
0/10/50
0/10/50
0/20
0/20
0/15
0/20
0/20
0/2
0/2.5/12.5/25.0
0/0.184/0.92/2.10/6.54
0/7.14
0/100
0/150
0/150
0/150
0/50/100/150
0/200/400/600/800
0/100/200
0/100/200
0/200
0/200
0/200
0/200
0/2.5/5.0/25/75/300
0/12.93/26.5
0/500/1000
0/200/300
0/50/100/250/500/1000
0/0.5/2/4/8/16/32/64/178/256/512/750/1024/1550/2048
0/0.10
0/1000
0/200
0/0.2
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
% in diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
NR
DLY
DLY
ADL
5 perw
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
15
15
72
72
6
72
1
5
28
57
75
260
21
21
21
21
12
43
42
6
6
6
6
20
8
72
55
7
14
14
72
14
120
d
d
d
d
w
d
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
18
18
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
7
27
NR
55
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3-4
8
4-5
22
NR
NR
8
4
NR
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
d
NR
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
w
mo
d
NR
NR
w
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
F
M
F
B
F
M
F
B
M
F
B
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
M
B
M
F
M
M
B
M
M
V
V
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
V
V
V
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
V
V
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
50
50
20
20
15.0
20
20
2.0
25
6.54
7.14
100
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
26.5
500
300
1000
1024
0.1
1000
200
44.0
400
1000
1550
0.20
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.072
0.06830
0.2602
0.1905
0.160
0.1859
0.243
0.204
0.3738
3.07
0.320
0.0346
0.218
0.216
0.211
0.206
0.2037
0.258
0.247
0.1427
0.142
0.13875
0.1345
0.37512
0.578
0.140
0.0247
0.0689
0.12
0.2
0.130
0.032
0.3243
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
0.0079010
0.075384
0.01650
0.01350
0.015232
0.01390
0.021475
0.018598
0.030596
0.17274
0.026920
0.0043259
0.021590
0.019493
0.019121
0.018748
0.018576
0.022558
0.021765
0.013864
0.013808
0.013548
0.013206
0.030685
0.043779
0.013648
0.0050
0.00530
0.012024
0.018298
0.015421
0.0040569
0.027224
0.694
0.735
1.27
1.42
1.43
1.50
1.77
2.00
2.04
6.54
7.07
12.4
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.7
16.9
17.5
17.6
19.4
19.4
19.5
19.6
22.6
26.5
48.3
60.7
76.2
90.3
96.3
98.8
200
4.19
33.7
96.5
137
0.20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
7
7
6
7
6
10
6
10
10
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10
6
7
7
6
6
6
10
10
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
6
10
1
1
10
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
80
80
78
78
83
78
77
72
68
68
84
77
77
77
77
77
82
77
77
77
77
77
77
68
77
88
69
69
83
68
73
75
84
Eco-SSLforDDT
April 2007
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
DDT and Metabolites
Page 4 of 4
Ref
Result #
182
183
184
185
186
z;
Si
14719
3163
3163
3672
14715
Wilson etal., 1946
All and Shakoori, 1996
All and Shakoori, 1996
Yagi et. al., 1979
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
Exposure
Chemical Form
DDT
DDT
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Commercial
MW%
100
75
75
100
100
a.
yi
1
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
2
2
3
1
I
5
0/62
0/10
0/20
0/583
0/800/1200
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
94
18
9
50
6
Duration Units
d
mo
d
d
mo
&
•<
NR
3
5
NR
21
Age Units
NR
mo
mo
NR
d
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
I
NR
NR
NR
M
M
Control Type
C
C
C
C
C
00
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Measure
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
Study NOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
62.0
10
20
583
800
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Body Weight in kg
48.32
0.34187
0.1677
0.3918
0.4702
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
Y
N
N
[ngestion Rate in kg or L/day
1.360
0.030
0.030
0.031802
0.036946
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)*
1.75
7.50
15.0
47.3
62.9
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
7
10
10
6
5
Endpoint
8
8
8
8
8
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
$
o
H
78
81
81
77
76
Survival
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
3649
3649
3527
14964
3666
3221
14960
3221
3173
3802
961
961
3172
3172
3172
14960
3233
73
74
3865
14714
3380
3804
3804
14714
3214
14715
Ware and Good, 1967
Ware and Good, 1967
Ortega etal, 1957
Treonetal, 1953
Wolfe etal., 1979
Cecil et al, 1975
Treonetal, 1951
Cecil et al, 1975
Banerjee et al., 1995
Bernard and Gaertner, 1964
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Banerjee and Pasha, 1996
Treonetal, 1951
Craig and Ogilvie, 1974
Clark and Stafford, 1981
Clark and Kroll 1977
Hayes, 1976
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Hoffman et al., 1970
Rossi et al., 1983
Rossi et al., 1983
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Cannon and Hoi comb, 1968
Laug and Fitzhugh, 1946
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
ODD
DDT - Technical
p,p' - ODD
p,p' - DDT
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDE
DDE
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
p,p' - DDE
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
DDT
DDT - Commercial
77.2
77.2
100
99.7
100
90
100
90
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
92
100
100
100
99.5
100
88
99
100
100
100
100
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus)
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)
Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratuss)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
2
2
7
4
3
2
6
2
4
5
3
3
2
2
2
6
2
3
2
2
5
15
3
2
5
3
3
0/7
0/7
0/5/15/50/200/400/1000
0/2.5/12.5/25.0
0/0.24/2.4
0/0.2
0/2.5/5.0/25/75/300
0/100
0/20/50/100
0/100/200/300/600
0/100/200
0/100/200
0/200
0/200
0/200
0/2.5/5.0/25/75/300
0/200
0.1/150/480
0/107
0/32.4
0/100/200/400/800
0/0.5/2/4/8/16/32/64/178/256/512/750/1024/1550/2048
0/500/1000
0/1000
0/200/400/600/800
0/200/300
0/800/1200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
g/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
M
U
u
u
ux
ux
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
120
120
6
28
15
17
27
20
4
73
42
42
6
6
6
27
6
8
40
116
12
14
52
120
12
55
6
d
d
mo
w
mo
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
mo
d
w
w
mo
d
mo
6
NR
NR
27
60
1
NR
60-90
NR
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
21
NR
8
8
21
4-5
21
w
NR
NR
d
d
yr
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
w
w
d
mo
d
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
AD
AD
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
B
B
B
F
B
F
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
B
F
F
F
F
M
M
F
B
F
B
M
V
V
C
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
V
V
V
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
7.0
7.0
15
25
2.4
0.2
75
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
200
150
107
32.4
400
1024
1000
50
300
200
480
800
1550
500
200
200
800
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
0.02223
0.02223
0.1
0.3738
0.0151
70
0.388
0.2024
0.125
0.0317
0.258
0.247
0.1427
0.142
0.13875
0.37512
0.0325
0.00633
0.00931
0.2024
0.263
0.12
0.140
0.130
0.4
0.0251
0.4702
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
0.0030148
0.0030148
0.010350
0.030596
0.0020
1.10
0.031548
0.018478
0.012434
0.0040256
0.022558
0.021765
0.013864
0.013808
0.013548
0.030685
0.0041089
0.0010708
0.0027715
0.0000133
0.022917
0.012024
0.013648
0.015421
0.032348
0.0050
0.036946
0.863
0.989
1.55
2.04
2.40
2.57
6.10
8.22
9.95
12.7
17.5
17.6
19.4
19.4
19.5
22.6
25.3
25.4
31.9
32.2
34.9
90.3
96.5
119
5.18
24.4
25.4
81.2
69.7
137
15.3
39.8
62.9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
6
6
10
6
6
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
10
5
6
6
6
5
7
5
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
8
4
4
4
8
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
1
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
68
77
82
69
82
78
82
77
78
83
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
83
76
73
83
84
74
74
77
79
77
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
3
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
3669
14964
3447
14719
3173
3202
961
961
14714
3349
3652
Wrenn et al., 1971
Treonetal, 1953
Lindenau et al, 1994
Wilson etal., 1946
Banerjee et al., 1995
Braham and Neal, 1974
Foster, 1968
Foster, 1968
Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947
Cecil et al., 1971
Wassermann et al,
o,p '- DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT - Technical
DDT
p,p' - DDT
DDT
ODD
DDT - Technical
DDT - Technical
o,p '- DDT
p,p' - DDT
100
99.7
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Short tail shrew (Blarina brevicauda )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
2
4
2
2
4
2
1
2
5
6
2
0/10
0/2.5/12.5/25.0
0/3
0/1.60
0/20/50/100
0/16.55
0/100/200
0/100/200
0/200/400/600/800
0/50/100/250/500/1000
0/200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
g/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
3 perw
DLY
ADL
DLY
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
9
28
12
141
4
3
42
42
24
7
5
mo
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
mo
d
w
18-19
27
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
22
NR
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
GE
JV
SM
AD
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
B
F
NR
M
M
M
M
B
F
M
C
C
V
C
V
C
C
C
V
C
V
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
PTH
PTH
BIO
BIO
BEH
BEH
BIO
CHM
ORW
HRM
CHM
ITX
ORW
HRM
HRM
FOB
FOB
CHM
GLUC
SMIX
PROS
HMGL
GITX
ORWT
CRTS
CRTS
FCNS
FCNS
ALBM
LI
LI
SR
BL
wo
LI
AR
AR
WO
WO
SR
10
25
3.0
1.60
100
16.55
200
200
800
1000
200
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
38
0.3738
4.5
532
0.125
0.017
0.247
0.258
0.55
0.0689
0.000235
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
1.366
0.030596
0.23654
18.0
0.012434
0.0120
0.022558
0.021765
0.042028
0.00530
0.0000537
0.371
2.04
3.0
3.53
9.95
11.7
17.5
17.6
69.7
76.2
45.7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
6
10
10
6
6
6
6
5
7
5
1
4
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
10
10
10
3
3
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
65
64
61
58
64
62
63
63
63
65
64
All abbreviations and definitions are used in coding studies are available from Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U. S. EPA 2003).
""Duplicate values for NOAELs and LOAELs for the same reference represent results from different experimental designs and are identified by different Phase numbers.
Eco-SSL for DDT
April 2007
------- |