Ecological Soil Screening Levels
for
Arsenic
Interim Final
OSWER Directive 9285.7-62
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
March 2005
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR ARSENIC 2
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS 3
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES 3
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE 5
5.1 Avian TRV 5
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL 5.
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE 8
6.1 Mammalian TRV 8
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL 1_3
7.0 REFERENCES 14
7.1 General Arsenic References 14
7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs 14
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
H
7.4 References Used for Derivation of Wildlife TRVs 27
7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs 3J_
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Arsenic Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) 2
Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Arsenic 4
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) -
Arsenic 6
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Arsenic £
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value
(TRV) - Arsenic 9
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Arsenic 13.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Typical Background Concentrations of Arsenic in U.S. Soils 3_
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Arsenic 7
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Arsenic 12
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Arsenic
Appendix 6-1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Arsenic
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) are concentrations of contaminants in soil that are
protective of ecological receptors that commonly come into contact with and/or consume biota
that live in or on soil. Eco-SSLs are derived separately for four groups of ecological receptors:
plants, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals. As such, these values are presumed to provide
adequate protection of terrestrial ecosystems. Eco-SSLs are derived to be protective of the
conservative end of the exposure and effects species distribution, and are intended to be applied
at the screening stage of an ecological risk assessment. These screening levels should be used to
identify the contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) that require further evaluation in the
site-specific baseline ecological risk assessment that is completed according to specific guidance
(U.S. EPA, 1997, 1998, and 1999). The Eco-SSLs are not designed to be used as cleanup levels
and the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that it would
be inappropriate to adopt or modify the intended use of these Eco-SSLs as national cleanup
standards.
The detailed procedures used to derive Eco-SSL values are described in separate documentation
(U.S. EPA, 2003). The derivation procedures represent the collaborative effort of a
multi-stakeholder group consisting of federal, state, consulting, industry, and academic
participants led by the U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
This document provides the Eco-SSL values for arsenic and the documentation for their
derivation. This document provides guidance and is designed to communicate national policy on
identifying arsenic concentrations in soil that may present an unacceptable ecological risk to
terrestrial receptors. The document does not, however, substitute for EPA's statutes or
regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally-binding requirements on
EPA, states, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon
the circumstances of the site. EPA may change this guidance in the future, as appropriate. EPA
and state personnel may use and accept other technically sound approaches, either on their own
initiative, or at the suggestion of potentially responsible parties, or other interested parties.
Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of this
document and the appropriateness of the application of this document to a particular situation.
EPA welcomes public comments on this document at any time and may consider such comments
in future revisions of this document.
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 1 March 2005
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2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR ARSENIC
Arsenic is naturally present in rock and soils with concentrations in soils reflecting the geology
of the region as well as anthropogenic inputs. Higher concentrations are associated with igneous
and sedimentary rocks, particularly with sulfidic ores (API, 1998). Extensive discussions of the
sources, concentrations, and chemical species are presented in API (1998) and Cullen and
Reimer(1989).
Arsenic is used in multiple manufacturing and industrial processes including the production of
wood treating chemicals, herbicides, pesticides, desiccants, metal alloys, glass, pharmaceuticals,
and semi-conductors. Elevated arsenic soil concentrations are often associated with mining
activities, smelters, pesticide/herbicide manufacturing facilities and agricultural lands (API,
1998).
Arsenic can exist in four oxidation states: +5, +3, 0 and -3. In soil, arsenic is a constituent of
numerous minerals and is found frequently associated with sulfur, most commonly as
arsenopyrite (FeAsS). Inorganic arsenate can also be bound to iron and aluminum cations, or
any other cation that may be present (e.g., calcium, zinc, magnesium, lead) as well as organic
matter in soils (API, 1998).
Arsenic occurs in contaminated soils primarily as the inorganic arsenic (V) and arsenic (III) but
soil microorganisms can produce organic forms (Cullen and Reimer, 1989; Huang, 1994;
CCME, 1996). Transformations among inorganic and organic forms are controlled by the
oxidation-reduction, precipitation/adsorption, and biomethylation processes in addition to the
biological production and volatilization of the arsines (API, 1998). The availability or solubility
of arsenic in soils depends on the source (natural vs. anthropogenic) and the soil's clay content,
redox potential, and pH. Generally, factors that tend to increase arsenic availability are
anthropogenic sources (e.g., pesticides), low clay content, low redox potential (reducing
conditions), and high pH (alkaline conditions) (Cullen and Reimer, 1989, API, 1998).
The Eco-SSL values derived to date for arsenic are summarized in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Arsenic Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil)
Plants
18
Soil Invertebrates
NA
Wildlife
Avian
43
Mammalian
46
NA = Not Available. Data were insufficient to derive an Eco-SSL.
Eco-SSL values for arsenic were derived for plants, avian wildlife, and mammalian wildlife. An
Eco-SSL value for arsenic for soil invertebrates could not be derived as data were insufficient.
The Eco-SSLs range from 18 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for plants to 46 mg/kg dw for avian
wildlife. These concentrations are higher than the reported range of background
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
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25 -
•a 20 -
Bf
a 15~
O 10 -
5 -
X
1
•
x «— MB™,
HE
U ^ 25th
X
T
•
l
1
East
West
Typical Background Concentrations of
Arsenic in U.S. Soils.
soil concentrations in eastern and
western U.S. soils (Figure 2.1).
Background concentrations of many
metals in U.S. soils are described in
Attachment 1-4 of the Eco-SSL guidance
(U.S. EPA, 2003).
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR
TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
Of the papers identified from the
literature search process, 171 were Figure 2.1
selected for acquisition for further
review. Of those papers acquired, 26
met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S. EPA 2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers
was reviewed and the studies were scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 3-2). Seventeen studies received an Evaluation Score greater than ten. These
studies are summarized in Table 3.1.
The data in Table 3.1 are sorted by bioavailability score. There are three study results with a
bioavailability score of two used to derive the plant Eco-SSL for arsenic according to the Eco-
SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). The Eco-SSL is the geometric mean of the
maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) values reported for each of three test
species under two separate test conditions (pH and % organic matter (OM)) and is equal to 18
mg/kg dw.
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 35 were acquired for further review.
Of those acquired, one met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-1).
There were no studies that received an Evaluation Score greater than 10. A soil invertebrate
Eco-SSL could not be derived for arsenic.
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Arsenic
Reference
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Schweizer, 1967
Schweizer, 1967
IP
Number
4441
9659
9659
Study
ID
a
a
b
Test Organism
Ryegrass
Cotton
Rice
Lolium perenne
Gossypium hirsutum stoneville 1A
Oryza saliva L. var. Nato
Soil
PH
5.6
7.9
7.9
OM%
0.7
1.1
1.1
Bio-
availability
Score
2
2
2
ERE
GRO
GRO
GRO
Tox
Parameter
MATC
MATC
MATC
Geometric Mean
Tox Value - Soil
Concentration
(mg/kg dw)
22
69
4
18
Total
Evaluation
Score
13
16
15
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
Y
Y
Used for Eco-
SSL?
Y
Y
Y
Data not Used to Derive Plant Eco-SSL
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Woolson and Isensee, 1981
Woolson and Isensee, 1981
Jacobs et al., 1970
Jacobs et al., 1970
Jacobs et al., 1970
Jacobs et al., 1970
Anastasia and Kender, 1973
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Jiang and Singh, 1994
Jiang and Singh, 1994
4441
4441
4441
56454
56454
5577
5577
5577
5577
11144
4441
4441
4441
4441
e
g
c
a
b
b
c
e
a
a
b
d
f
h
Barley
Barley
Ryegrass
Radish
Soybean
Corn
Snap Bean
Pea
Potato
Blueberry
Ryegrass
Ryegrass
Barley
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare
Lolium perenne
Raphanus sativus
Glycine Max (L.) Merr.
Zea mays
Phaseolus vulgaris
Pisum sativum
Solanum tuberosum
Vaccinium angustifolium
Lolium perenne
Lolium perenne
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.1
5.1
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.6
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.17-98.0
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
GRO
GRO
GRO
POP
POP
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
LOAEC
LOAEC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
2
2
22
6
6
40
22
40
97
55
22
22
22
22
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
13
11
11
11
11
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
GRO = Growth
LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration
MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration. Geometric mean of NOAEC and LOAEC.
N = No
NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration
OM = Organic matter
POP = Population
Y = Yes
Bioavailability Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
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5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the toxicity
reference value (TRV) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of
three surrogate species based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003).
5.1 Avian TRV
The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) identified 1,173 papers with possible toxicity data for either avian or
mammalian species. Of these papers, 1,110 were rejected for use as described in Section 7.5.
Of the remaining papers, five contained data for avian test species. These papers were reviewed
and data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are summarized in Table
5.1. The complete results are included as Appendix 5-1.
Within the five reviewed papers, there are 16 results for biochemical (BIO), behavioral (BEH),
pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) effects that meet the
Data Evaluation Score of >65 for use to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA 2003; Attachment 4-5).
These data are plotted in Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data presented in Table 5.1.
The no-observed adverse effect (NOAEL) values for growth and reproduction are used to
calculate a geometric mean NOAEL. This result is examined in relationship to the lowest
bounded lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for reproduction, growth and survival to
derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment
4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction could not be calculated as
only two values are available. The TRV is equal to 2.24 mg arsenic/kg bw/day which is the
lowest NOAEL value for reproduction, growth, or survival.
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for avian wildlife, one each for three surrogate
species representing different trophic groups. The avian Eco-SSLs for arsenic were calculated
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5) and are summarized in
Table 5.2.
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 5 March 2005
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Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiciry Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 1 of1
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
Q
£
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
Camardese et al, 1990
Hoffman et al, 1992
5747
1376
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
4
2
UX
UX
FD
FD
10
4
w
w
1
1
d
d
JV
JV
F
B
ENZ
ENZ
ACHE
GLPX
BR
PL
0.410
17.3
76
74
Behavior (BEH)
3
4
5
Camardese et al, 1990
Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
Whitworth et al 1991
5747
5305
5690
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
4
4
4
Patholog
6
7
Camardese et al, 1990
Hoffman et al, 1992
5747
1376
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
4
2
UX
u
u
FD
FD
FD
2
19
9
w
d
w
1
49
1
d
w
d
JV
SM
JV
F
F
NR
FDB
FDB
BEH
FCNS
FCNS
ACTV
WO
WO
wo
1.49
2.24
15.2
4.98
45.7
83
67
78
y(PTH)
UX
UX
FD
FD
10
4
w
w
1
1
d
d
JV
JV
B
B
ORW
ORW
ORWT
ORWT
LI
LI
3.72
17.3
70
77
Reproduction (REP)
8 |Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
5305 | Chicken (Callus domesticus)
4
u |FD
19
d
49
w
LB
F
REP
PROG
WO
2.24
72
Growth (GRO)
9
10
11
12
Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
Camardese et al, 1990
Howell and Hill, 1978
Hoffman et al, 1992
5305
5747
1387
1376
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
4
4
2
2
u
UX
u
UX
FD
FD
FD
FD
19
2
21
4
d
w
d
w
49
1
1
1
w
d
d
d
SM
JV
JV
JV
F
F
B
B
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
GGRO
BDWT
BDWT
WO
wo
wo
wo
2.24
1.49
3.55
17.3
66
83
76
82
Survival (MOR)
13
14
15
16
Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
Howell and Hill, 1978
Camardese et al, 1990
Hoffman et al, 1992
5305
1387
5747
1376
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
4
2
4
2
u
u
UX
UX
FD
FD
FD
FD
19
21
10
4
d
d
w
w
49
1
1
1
w
d
d
d
SM
JV
JV
JV
F
B
B
B
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
wo
wo
wo
wo
2.24
3.55
3.72
17.3
74
77
84
83
ACHE = acetylcholinesterase; ACTV = general activity levels; B = both; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BR = brain; d = days; ENZ = enzyme changes;
F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FDB = feeding behavior; GGRO = general growth changes; GRO = growth; GLPX = gluathione peroxidase; JV =
juvenile; LB = laying bird; LI = liver; LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; MOR = mortality, MORT = mortality; NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level;
NR = Not reported; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight; PL = plasma; PROG = progeny counts; REP = reproduction; SM = sexually mature; SURV =
survival; U = unmeasured; UX = measured but results not reported; w = weeks; WO = whole organism
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
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Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Arsenic
•§ 10.000
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Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Arsenic
Surrogate Receptor
Group
Avian herbivore
(dove)
Avian ground
insectivore
(woodcock)
Avian carnivore
(hawk)
TRY for
Arsenic
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
2.24
2.24
2.24
Food Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.190
0.214
0.0353
Soil Ingestion
as Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.139
0.164
0.057
Arsenic in Biota
Type (i)'2<3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
Bi = 0.03752 * Soilj
where i = plants
ln(Bj) = 0.706 *
In(Soilj)- 1.421
where i = earthworms
ln(Bi) = 0.8188*
ln(Soilj) - 4.8471
where i = mammals
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)4
67
43
1100
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 HQ = FIR * (Soil, * Ps + Bj) / TRY) solved for HQ=1 where Soil, = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for mammalian wildlife was completed as two parts. First the
TRV was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5). Second
the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three surrogate species based
on the wildlife exposure model and the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003).
6.1 Mammalian TRV
The literature search was completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) and identified 1,173 papers with possible toxicity data for arsenic for either
avian or mammalian test species. Of these studies, 1,110 were rejected for use as described in
Section 7.5. Of the remaining papers, 55 contained data for mammalian test species. These
papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance
(U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are
summarized in Table 6.1. The complete results are provided in Appendix 6.1.
Within the 55 papers there are 138 results for biochemical (BIO), behavioral (BEH), physiology
(PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) endpoints
with a total Data Evaluation Score >65 that were used to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA 2003;
Attachment 4-3). These data are plotted in Figure 6.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 6.1. The NOAEL values for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a
geometric mean NOAEL. This result is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded LOAEL
for reproduction, growth and survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-4).
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
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Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 1 of 3
*
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
a
<
Age Units
Lifestage
**
&
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
1
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Neiger and Osweiler, 1992
Wood and Fowler, 1978
Mahaffey et al., 1977
Ghosh et al 1999
Itoh et al., 1990
Schroeder, 1968
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Glattre et. al.,
Wood and Fowler, 1978
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Biswas, et al, 2000
Biswas et al, 1998
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Tripathi et al 1997
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
14583
15703
15387
14580
15011
14577
15506
15216
14546
14546
15216
11361
15387
15709
25916
15322
15530
14590
15530
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Goat (Ovis aries )
Goat (Capra hircus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
4
4
4
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
U
M
U
UX
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
DR
FD
GV
OR
DR
GV
FD
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
OR
DR
DR
DR
DR
8
58
6
10
28
14
781
20
90
18
90
4
6
2
3
6
6
16
6
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
8
8
NR
NR
35
4
21-23
2
90
2
90
NR
NR
21
12
1
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
d
mo
yr
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
F
M
M
F
M
B
B
NR
B
B
M
M
B
F
F
M
M
M
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
HRM
HRM
ENZ
HRM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
ASAT
GBCM
GENZ
RBCE
GENZ
TRYP
CHOL
ACHE
DOPA
DOPA
ACHE
TPJI
GENZ
GLPX
ASAT
HMGL
PORP
DOPA
PORP
SR
UR
LI
BL
AR
BR
SR
BR
BR
BR
BR
SR
LI
PL
BL
BL
UR
BR
UR
1.04
1.66
0.500
1.20
1.50
2.06
2.51
3.78
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
6.36
6.60
9.44
14.4
14.4
24.6
32.0
42.1
80
79
69
68
73
77
69
77
68
77
74
69
69
71
70
69
66
66
66
Behavior (BEH)
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Hunder et al, 1999
Bencko 1972
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Franke and Moxon 1937
Fowler and Woods 1979
Franke and Moxon 1937
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Hunder et al, 1999
Benese and Bencko, 1981
Coulson et al, 1935
Mahaffey et al., 1977
Itoh et al., 1990
Brown et al., 1976
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Cabe, et al., 1979
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
15007
15471
14583
14508
15358
14508
15709
15007
15288
14603
14580
14577
4
15216
15216
1244
15530
15530
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
4
3
4
2
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
UX
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
OR
DR
GV
FD
DR
DR
DR
3
64
1
100
6
100
6
3
32
52
10
14
6
21
90
18
6
6
w
d
w
d
w
d
w
w
d
w
w
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
NR
NR
8
28
NR
28
21
NR
NR
33-35
NR
4
NR
2
90
50
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
d
NR
d
d
NR
NR
d
NR
w
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
M
F
M
M
M
B
F
M
B
M
M
M
B
B
M
M
M
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
ACTV
WCON
FCNS
ACTP
WCON
WCON
WCON
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.844
0.880
1.04
1.88
2.84
3.22
3.59
3.85
6.43
2.53
6.00
1.66
5.69
7.69
32.4
0.472
1.50
2.51
4.70
5.00
5.00
5.81
24.6
42.1
79
73
83
68
74
68
74
79
73
79
71
80
68
80
73
68
69
69
Physiology (PHY)
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Bencko 1972
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1969
Carmignani et al, 1985
Carmignani et al, 1985
Carmignani et al, 1985
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Brown et al., 1976
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Carmignani et al 1983
Biswas et al, 1998
Biswas, et al, 2000
15471
15061
15174
15174
15174
15709
4
14546
15249
15322
25916
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Goat (Capra hircus )
Goat (Ovis aries )
3
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
GV
DR
DR
OR
32
18
18
10
18
6
6
18
320
6
9
d
mo
mo
mo
mo
w
w
d
d
w
w
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
2
NR
1
12
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
NR
yr
mo
JV
JV
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
M
B
M
F
M
B
M
B
M
F
F
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
GPHY
BLPR
GPHY
BLPR
BLPR
EXCR
RPRT
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
RPRT
LI
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
KI
HA
HA
BL
WO
0.880
6.00
0.569
2.55
2.61
3.22
3.59
4.70
5.0
5.65
14.4
14.4
73
67
67
67
67
74
68
80
67
72
73
Pathology (PTH)
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Hughes and Thompson, 1996
Coulson et al, 1935
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1969
Nemec et al, 1998
Bencko 1972
Obermeyer et al, 1971
Tice et al 1997
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Fowler et al., 1977
Fowler and Woods 1979
15160
14603
15061
15057
15471
12934
14589
14583
14569
15358
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
3
2
2
4
3
2
4
4
4
4
u
M
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
FD
DR
GV
DR
FD
GV
FD
DR
DR
28
52
42
7
64
4
4
8
6
6
d
w
mo
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
96
33-35
21
NR
NR
NR
12
8
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
w
mo
NR
NR
SM
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
B
B
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
ORW
HIS
HIS
GRS
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORWT
GfflS
GfflS
BDWT
ORWT
SMIX
USTR
SMIX
USTR
USTR
LI
LI
KI
WO
SP
LI
BL
LI
LI
LI
0.000859
0.447
0.569
0.750
0.880
0.913
1.44
1.66
2.22
2.84
0.0859
3.0
6.00
2.88
4.43
5.69
67
69
67
84
73
73
86
68
74
74
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 2 of 3
*
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Reference
Byron et al, 1967
Byron et al, 1967
Nemec et al, 1998
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Seidenberg et al 1986
Healy et al., 1998
Healy et al., 1998
Schroeder et al, 1968
Mahaffey et al., 1977
Ghosh et al 1999
Brown et al., 1976
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Carmignani et al 1983
Ref
No.
2
2
15057
15530
15530
113
14543
14543
7
14580
15011
4
15216
14546
14546
15216
15249
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
6
6
4
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
UX
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
GV
DR
DR
GV
DR
DR
DR
FD
GV
DR
GV
FD
GV
FD
DR
Exposure Duration
2
2
6
6
6
5
91
32
1575
10
28
6
20
90
18
90
320
Duration Units
yr
yr
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
a
<
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
76
76
21-23
NR
35
NR
2
90
2
90
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
d
NR
d
d
d
d
NR
Lifestage
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
**
&
B
B
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
M
B
NR
B
B
M
Effect Type
HIS
HIS
GRS
ORW
ORW
GRS
ORW
PTH
ORW
GRS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
Effect Measure
GfflS
GfflS
BDWT
SMIX
SMIX
BDWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
BDWT
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
GfflS
Response Site
LI
LI
WO
LI
LI
WO
LI
KI
HE
WO
AR
KI
BR
BR
BR
BR
KI
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
4.91
9.84
24.0
24.6
42.1
43.4
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
9.81
19.7
48.0
0.00650
0.00850
0.533
1.50
2.06
4.70
5.00
5.0
5.0
5.00
5.65
1
79
79
86
69
69
78
68
68
68
71
76
68
80
71
80
73
67
Reproduction (REP)
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
Savabieasfahani et al, 1998
Nemec et al, 1998
Morris et al, 1938
Nemec et al, 1998
Healy et al., 1998
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1971
Skalnaya et al, 1996
Seidenberg et al 1986
14556
15057
15125
15057
14543
66
15167
113
Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
3
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
u
M
U
M
U
U
U
U
DR
GV
FD
GV
DR
DR
OR
GV
6
12
340
9
91
6
30
5
w
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
NR
NR
26-27
NR
76
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
d
NR
NR
AD
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
GE
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
F
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
TEWT
RSEM
PRWT
PROG
TEWT
PROG
PRWT
PROG
TE
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
0.601
0.750
7.47
24.0
3.0
48.0
0.00650
0.548
5.66
43.4
70
90
71
92
74
67
81
86
Growth (GRO)
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Hughes and Thompson, 1996
Coulson et al, 1935
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1969
Schroeder et al, 1968
Obermeyer et al, 1971
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Palmer et al 1983
Palmer et al 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Byron et al, 1967
Schmolke et al 1992
Fowler and Woods 1979
Franke and Moxon 1937
Ghosh et al 1999
Fowler et al., 1977
Hunder et al, 1999
Bencko 1972
Benese and Bencko, 1981
Morris et al, 1938
Hunder et al, 1999
Brown et al., 1976
Byron et al, 1967
Byron et al, 1967
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1967
Schroeder and Balassa, 1967
Hunder et al, 1999
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Kiyono et al, 1974
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Glattre et. al.,
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Biswas et al, 1998
Biswas, et al, 2000
15160
14603
3701
7
12934
14583
15262
15262
14508
2
15264
15358
14508
15011
14569
15007
15471
15288
15125
15007
4
2
2
20979
3084
15007
15216
14546
14546
15427
15216
11361
15709
15322
25916
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Goat (Capra hircus )
Goat (Ovis aries )
3
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
5
3
4
2
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
6
6
2
2
4
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
GV
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
GV
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
FD
DR
OR
28
52
519
69
4
8
4
8
100
2
15
6
100
28
6
3
64
32
340
3
6
12
12
338
339
3
20
90
18
10
90
4
2
9
9
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
yr
w
w
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
96
33-35
21
21-23
NR
8
NR
NR
28
6
7
NR
28
35
NR
NR
NR
NR
26-27
NR
NR
NR
NR
20-22
21
NR
2
90
2
1
90
NR
21
1
12
d
d
d
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
d
mo
w
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
d
d
d
d
d
NR
d
yr
mo
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
F
B
B
B
NR
F
M
M
M
B
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
B
M
M
B
F
B
NR
B
M
B
M
B
F
F
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.0859
0.447
0.533
0.571
0.913
1.04
1.39
1.65
1.88
2.25
2.52
2.84
3.22
3.78
4.43
5.52
6.00
6.43
7.47
7.69
9.40
9.84
10.3
1.66
5.62
5.69
9.42
32.4
10.7
19.7
20.6
0.663
0.665
0.844
5.00
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.00
6.36
9.44
14.4
14.4
69
74
72
72
77
87
68
68
72
82
68
78
72
73
78
68
73
77
69
68
78
83
83
72
72
77
84
75
84
84
77
76
78
76
77
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 3 of 3
*
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
§i
<
Age Units
Lifestage
W
$
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
1
Survival (MOR)
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
Schroeder et al, 1968
Nemec et al, 1998
Palmer et al 1983
Palmer et al 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Byron et al, 1967
Byron et al, 1967
Nemec et al, 1998
Franke and Moxon 1937
Kiyono et al, 1974
Cabe, et al., 1979
Fowler et al., 1977
Byron et al, 1967
Byron et al, 1967
Nemec et al, 1998
Tripathi et al 1997
Schroeder and Balassa, 1967
Biswas et al, 1998
Biswas, et al, 2000
Seidenberg et al 1986
7
15057
15262
15262
14508
2
2
15057
14508
15427
1244
14569
2
2
15057
14590
3084
15322
25916
113
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Goat (Capra hircus )
Goat (Ovis aries )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
2
4
2
2
2
5
5
6
2
4
2
4
6
6
4
2
2
2
2
2
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
DR
DR
DR
OR
GV
1575
12
4
8
100
2
13.5
12
100
21
18
6
78
2
9
16
519
78
12
5
d
d
w
w
d
yr
mo
d
d
d
w
w
w
yr
d
w
d
d
w
d
21-23
NR
NR
NR
28
6
6
NR
28
1
50
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
1
12
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
mo
mo
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
yr
mo
NR
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
GE
B
F
M
M
M
B
B
F
M
M
M
M
B
B
F
M
M
F
F
F
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.533
0.750
1.39
1.65
1.88
2.25
2.25
2.25
3.22
5.0
5.81
9.63
9.65
9.99
24.0
32.0
3.00
5.62
5.62
4.50
7.5
19.3
20.0
48.0
0.675
14.4
14.4
43.4
73
89
78
69
82
83
83
91
73
91
73
73
84
84
91
74
73
77
78
85
ACHE = acetylcholinesterase; ACTP = accuracy of learned behavior; ACTV = activity, general; AD = adult; AR = adrenal; ASAT = aspartate aminotransferase; B = both;
BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BLPR = blood pressure; BR = brain; bw = body weight; CHM = chemical changes; CHOL = cholesterol; d -
day; DOPA = dopamine; DR = Drinking water; ENZ = enyzme level changes; EXCR = excretion; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FDB = feeding
behavior; GBCM = general biochemical changes; GE = gestation; GENZ = general enzyme changes; GFflS = general histology; GLPX = glutathione peroxidase; GPF1Y =
general pysiology changes; GRO = growth; GRS = gross body weight changes; GV = gavage; FLA = hair; HE = heart; HIS = histological changes;HMGL = hemoglobin; HRM
= hormone changes; JV = juvenile; kg = kilograms; KI = kidney; L = liter; LI = liver; LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; mo = months; M = male; M = measured;
MOR = effects on mortality and survival; MORT = mortality; NOAEL = No Observed Advese Effect Level; NR = Not reported; OR = other oral;
ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight changes; PHY = physiology; PL = plasma; PORP = porphyrin; PROG = progeny numbers/counts; PRWT = progeny
weight; PTH = pathology; RBCE = red blood cell count; REP = reproduction; RPRT = respiratory rate; RSEM = resorbed embryo; SM = sexually mature; SMTX = weight
relative to body weight; SP = spleen; SR = serum; SURV = survival; TE = testes; TEWT = testes weight; TRII = tridothyronine; TRYP = tryptophan; U = unmeasured; UR =
urine; USTR = ultrastructural changes; UX = measured but values not reported; w = weeks; WCON = water consumption; WO = whole organism; yr = year.
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
March 2005
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Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Arsenic
TRY = Highest bounded NOAEL lowei
than lowest bounded LO AEL for
reproduction, growth or survival =1.04
0.000
Biochemical (BIO)
Behavior (BEH)
Physiology (PHY)
Pathology (PTH)
Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Mortality (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL •BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL OPHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OGRO-NOAEL GRO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEL
Wildlife TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study whenjoined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 2.47 mg arsenic /kg bw/d and is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival (MOR) effect groups.
4) The mammalian wildlife TRV for arsenic is equal to 1.04 mg arsenic/kg bw/day which is the geometric mean of NOAEL values for reproduction and growth.
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
12
March 2005
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A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction was calculated at 2.47 mg
arsenic/kg bw/day. However, this value is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth, or survival results. Therefore, the TRV is equal to 1.04 mg arsenic/kg
bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth or survival.
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for mammalian wildlife, one each for three
surrogate species representing different trophic groups. The mammalian Eco-SSLs for arsenic are
calculated according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5) and are
summarized in Table 6.2
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Arsenic
Surrogate Receptor
Group
Mammalian herbivore
(vole)
Mammalian ground
insectivore (shrew)
Mammalian carnivore
(weasel)
TRV for
Arsenic
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
1.04
1.04
1.04
Food Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg bw/d)
0.0875
0.209
0.130
Soil Ingestion
as Proportion
of Diet (PJ2
0.032
0.030
0.043
Arsenic in Biota
Type (i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
Bj = 0.03752 * Soilj
where i = plants
ln(Bj) = 0.706 *
ln(Soilj)- 1.421
where i = earthworms
ln(Bi) = 0.8188*
hXSoilj) - 4.8471
where i = mammals
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)4
170
46
170
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 Bj = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 HQ = FIR * (Soilj * Ps + Bt) / TRV) solved for HQ=1 where Soilj = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
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13
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7.0 REFERENCES
7.1 General Arsenic References
American Petroleum Institute (API). 1998. Arsenic: Chemistry, Fate, Toxicity, and Wastewater Treatment Options.
Health and Environmental Sciences Department. Publication 4676.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 1996. Recommended Canadian Soil Quality
Guidelines for Arsenic: Environmental and Human Health, Supporting Document - Final Draft. December 1996.
Cullen, W.R. and K. J. Reimer. 1989. Arsenic speciation in the environment. Chem. Rev. 89: 713-764.
Huang, Y-C. 1994. Arsenic distribution in soils. In: Arsenic in the Environment. Part I: Cycling and
Characterization, pp 17-49. J. O. Nriagu (ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2003. Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil
Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs). November. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9285.7-55.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1999. Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk
Management Principles for Super fund Sites. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9285.7-28.P.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment.
Risk Assessment Forum. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April.
May 14, 1998 Federal Register 63(93): 26846-26924.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1997. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. Interim Final. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Response Team (Edison, NJ). June 5, 1997.
7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
Anastasia, F. B. andKender, W. J. 1973. The Influence of Soil Arsenic on the Growth of Lowbush Blueberry.
J.Environ.Qual. 2(3): 335-337
Jacobs, L. W., Keeney, D. R., and Walsh, L. M. 1970. Arsenic Residue Toxicity to Vegetable Crops Grown on
Plainfield Sand. Agron. J. 62: 588-591.
Jiang, Q. Q. and Singh, B. R. 1994. Effect of different forms and sources of arsenic on crop yield and arsenic
concentration. Water Air Soil Pollut. 74(3/4): 321-343.
Schweizer, E. E. 1967. Toxicity of DSMA Soil Residues to Cotton and Rotational Crops. Weed Sci. 15(1): 72-76.
Woolson, E. A. and Isensee, A. R. 1981. Soil Residue Accumulation from Three Applied Arsenic Sources. Weed
Sci. 29(1): 17-21.
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 14 March 2005
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7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The
definition of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference
sections.
No Tox Albert, W. B. and Arndt, C. H. 1931. The Concentration of Soluble Arsenic as an Index of
Arsenic Toxicity to Plants. South Carolina Agric Exp StaAnn Rep 44: 47-48 (1931)
OM, pH Amonoo-Neizer, E. H., Nyamah, D., and Bakiamoh, S. B. 1996. Mercury and Arsenic Pollution
in Soil and Biological Samples Around the Mining Town of Obuasi, Ghana. Water Air Soil Pollut.
91(3/4): 363-373 (1996)
No Cone Amonoo-Neizer, Eugene H. and Amekor, Emmanuel M. K. 1983. Determination of Total Arsenic
in Environmental Samples fromKumasi and Obusai, Ghana. Environ. Health Perspect. 101(1):
46-49 (1993)
pH, Anderson, L. W. I, Pringle, J. C, and Raines, R. W. 1978. Arsenic Levels in Crops Irrigated
with Water Containing MSMA. WeedSci. 26(4): 370-373.
No Cone Arnott, J. T. and Leaf, A. L. 1967. The Determination and Distribution of Toxic Levels of
Arsenic in a Silt Loam Soil. WeedSci. 15(2): 121-124.
Media Asher, C. J. and Reay, P. F. 1979. Arsenic Uptake by Barley Seedlings. Aust. J. Plant Physiol.
6: 459-466 (1979).
No Cone Baker, R. S., Barrentine, W. L., Bowman, D. H., Hawthorne, W. L., and Pettier, J. V. 1976. Crop
Response and Arsenic Uptake Following Soil Incorporation of MSMA. WeedSci. 24(3): 322-326.
Mix Bardgett, R. D., Speir, T. W., Ross, D. J., Yeates, G. W., and Kettles, H. A. 1994. Impact of
Pasture Contamination by Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic Timber Preservative on Soil Microbial
Properties and Nematodes. Biol.Fertil.Soils 18(1): 71-79.
Media Barrachina, A. C., Carbonell, F. B., and Beneyto, J. M. 1995. Arsenic Uptake, Distribution and
Accumulation in Tomato Plants: Human Health Risk. Fresenius Environ.Bull. 4: 395-400 (1995)
Mix Batjer, L. P. and Benson, N. R. 1958. Effect of Mtal Chelates in Overcoming Arsenic Toxicity to
Peach Trees. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 72: 74-78 (1958)
No Dur Bech, Jaume, Poschenrieder, Charlotte, Llugany, Merce, Barcelo, Juan, Tume, P., Tobias, F. J.,
Barranzuela, J. L., and Vasquez, E. R. 1997. Arsenic and heavy metal contamination of soil and
vegetation around a copper mine in northern peru. Science of the Total Environment. 203(1):
83-91.
No Control Benson, L. M., Porter, E. K., and Peterson, P. J. 1981. Arsenic Accumulation, Tolerance and
Genotypic Variation in Plants on Arsenical Mine Wastes in S.W.England. J. Plant Nutr. 3(1-4):
655-666 (1981)
OM Benson, N. R. 1953. Effect of Season, Phosphate and Acidity in Plant Growth in Arsenic-Toxic
Soils. Soil Sci. 76: 215-224 (1953)
OM Benson, N. R. 1976. Retardation of Apple Tree Growth by Soil Arsenic Residues. J. Am. Soc.
Hortic. Sci. 101(3): 251-253 (1976)
Eco-SSL for Arsenic
15
March 2005
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Media Bhattacharya, A. and Mandal, S. 1999. Loss of Pollen Viability of Cassia siamea Lamk,
Following Treatment with Arsenic. J. Environ. Biol. 20(1): 67-69.
Rev Bibhas, R. 1975. Fate of Organic Arsenicals in Soils and Plants. Int. Pest. Control. 17: 9-14.
Score Biro, B., Koves-Pechy, K., Voros, I., and Kadar, I. 1998. Toxicity of Some Field Applied Heavy
Metal Salts to the Rhizobial and Fungal Microsymbionts of Alfalfa and Red Clover. Agrokem.
Talajtan. 47(1-4): 265-276.
OM Bishop, R. F. and Chisholm, D. 1962. Arsenic Accumulation in Annapolis Valley Orchard Soils.
Can. J. Soil Sci. 42: 77-80.
ERE Blatt, C. R. - Effect of Arsenic and Molybdenum on Plant Response of Cauliflower (Brassica
oleracea) Grown in Sand Culture. In: M.L.VanBuesichem, (Ed.), Plant Nutr. Physiol. Appl. 41:
303-306 (1990)
Species Bliss, C. I. 1936. The Size Factor in the Action of Arsenic upon Silkworm Larvae. Exp. Biol.
13: 95-110.
Mix Boisson, J., Ruttens, A., and Vangronsveld, J. 1999. Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite as a Metal
Immobilizing Soil Additive for the Remediation of Polluted Soils. Part I. Influence of
Hydroxyapatite on Metal Exchangeability in Soil, Plant Growth and Plant Metal Accumulation.
Environ. Pollut. 104(2): 225-233.
Rev Braman, R. S. 1975. Arsenic in the Environment. In: E.A.Woolson (Ed.), Arsenical Pesticides,
Chapter 8, ACS Symp.Ser.No.7, Washington, D.C. 108-123.
Media Brenchley, W. E. 1914. On the Action of Certain Compounds of Zinc, Arsenic, and Boron on the
Growth of Plants. Ann. Bot. 28:283-301.
OM, pH Burlo, F., Guijarro, I., Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A., Valero, D., and Martinez-Sanchez, F. 1999.
Arsenic Species: Effects on and Accumulation by Tomato Plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47(3):
1247-1253.
Species Campbell, F. L. 1926. Relative Susceptibility to Arsenic in Successive Instars of the Silkworm.
Gen Physiol. 9(6): 727-733.
OM, pH Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A., Burlo-Carbonell, F., and Mataix-Beneyto, J. 1997. Arsenic Uptake,
Distribution and Accumulation in Bean Plants: Effect of Arsenite and Salinity on Plant Growth
and Yield. J. Plant Nutr. 20(10): 1419-1430.
Media Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A., Aarabi, M. A., DeLaune, R. D., Gambrell, R. P., and Patrick, W. H.,
Jr. 1998. The influence of arsenic chemical form and concentration on Spartina patens and
Spartina alterniflora growth and tissue arsenic concentration. Plant Soil. 198(1): 33-43.
OM, pH Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A., Burlo, F., and Mataix, J. 1998. Response of Bean Micronutrient
Nutrition to Arsenic and Salinity. J. Plant Nutr. 21(6): 1287-1299.
OM Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A., Burlo, F., Lopez, E., and Martinez-Sanchez, F. 1999. Arsenic
Toxicity and Accumulation in Radish as Affected by Arsenic Chemical Speciation. J. Environ.
Sci. Health. Part B. 34(4): 661-679.
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
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March 2005
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Media Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A., Burlo, F., Valero, D., Lopez, E., Martinez-Romero, D., and
Martinez-Sanchez, F. 1999. Arsenic Toxicity and Accumulation in Turnip as Affected by Arsenic
Chemical Speciation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47(6): 2288-2294.
Media Carbonell Abrrachina, A., Burlo Carbonell, F., and Mataix Beneyto, J. 1995. Arsenic uptake,
distribution, and accumulation in tomato plants: effect of arsenite on plant growth and yield.
J.PlantNutr. 18(6): 1237-1250.
Media Carbonell, A. A., Aarabi, M. A., DeLaune, R. D., Gambrell, R. P., and Patrick, W. H. 1998.
Arsenic in wetland vegetation: Availability, phytotoxicity, uptake and effects on plant growth and
nutrition. Science of the Total Environment. 217(3): 189-199.
OM, pH Carbonell, A. A., Aarabi, M. A., DeLaune, R. D., Gambrell, R. P., and Patrick, W. H., Jr. 1998.
Bioavailability and uptake of arsenic by wetland vegetation: effects on plant growth and nutrition.
J.Environ.Sci.Health Part A A33(l): 45-66.
Species Carriker, N. E., Gillespie, W. T., and Brezonik, P. L. 1976. Boron and Arsenic Studies in Florida
Waters. Florida Water Resources Council, Publ.No.34, Gainesville, FL (Cited in Demayo et al
1979): 3-48.
Score Carrow, R. N., Rieke, P. E., and Ellis, B. G. 1975. Growth of Turf grasses as Affected by Soil
Phosphorus and Arsenic. Soil Sci Am Proc. 39:1121-1124.
ERE Cataldo, D. A. and Wildung, R. E. 1978. Soil and Plant Factors Influencing the Accumulation of
Heavy Metals by Plants. Environ. Health Perspect. 27: 149-159.
Abstract Chaney, R. and Ryan, J. 1995. Risk Based Standards For Arsenic, Lead And Cadmium In Urban
Soils. Summary Of Information And Methods Developed To Estimate Standards For Cd, Pb And
As In Urban Soils. Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I) (19).
Media Chen, Shyi Hwan. 1997. An investigation on the effect of arsenic poisoning on humans,
agriculture, and fisheries. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei). 44(2): 115-121.
FL Chen, T. and Liu, G. 1993. Effects of Soil pH on Arsenic Adsorption in Soil and Its Toxicity to
Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Zhongguo Nongye Kexue (Beijing) 26(1): 63-68 (CHI).
OM Chen, T. and and Liu, G. 1993. Effect of Arsenic on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and
Development and Its Mechanism. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (Zhongguo Nongye Kexue (Beijing))
26(6): 50-58.
OM, pH Chisholm, D. 1972. Lead, Arsenic, and Copper Content of Crops Grown on Lead Arsenate-
Treated and Untreated Soils. Can. J. Plant Sci. 52: 583-588.
OM, pH Clements, H. F. and Munson, J. 1947. Arsenic Toxicity Studies in Soil and in Culture Solutions.
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Mix Codling, E. E. and Wright, R. J. 1998. Plant Uptake of Selenium Arsenic and Molybdenum From
Soil Treated with Coal Combustion Byproducts. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 7(1-2): 118-125.
No Data Cooper, H. P., Paden, W. R., Hall, E. E., Albert, W. B., Rogers, W. B., and Riley, J. A. 1931.
Effect of Calcium Arsenate on the Productivity of Certain Soil Types. S.C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Ann.
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17
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Score
Covey, R. P., Koch, B. L., and Larsen, H. J. 1981. Influence of Vesicular Arbuscular
Mycorrhizae on the Growth of Apple and Corn in Low-Phosphorous Soil. Phytopathology. 11:
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Score Cox, M. S., Bell, P. F., and Kovar, J. L. 1996. Differential Tolerance of Canola to Arsenic when
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OM, pH Crafts, A. S. and Rosenfels, R. S. 1939. Toxicity Studies with Arsenic in Eighty California Soils.
Hilgardia. 12(3): 177-200.
No Data Crafts, A. S. 1935. The Toxicity of Sodium Arsenite and Sodium Chlorate in Four California Soils.
Hilgardia. 9: 462-498.
Species Crecelius, E. A., Johnson, C. J., and Hofer, G. C. 1974. Contamination of Soils Near a Copper
Smelter by Arsenic, Antimony, and Lead. Water Air Soil PoHut. 3:337-342.
Mix Da Costa, E. W. B. and Bezemer, L. D. 1973. Anti-Fungal Effectiveness of
Copper-Chrome-Arsenic Preservatives in a Phosphatic Environment. Int. Biodeterior. Bull. 9(1/2):
44-48.
OM, pH Daris, B. T., Papadopoulou, C, Kleperis, I, and Grimanis, A. P. 1970. Herbicide Influence on
the Arsenic Uptake of Grapes. A Study by Neutron Activation Analysis. Proc. Br. Weed Control
Conf. 10(1): 429-433.
Mix Davis, R. D., Beckett, P. H. T., and Wollan, E. 1978. Critical Levels of Twenty Potentially Toxic
Elements in Young Spring Barley. Plant Soil. 49:395-408.
Mix De Koe, T. 1991. Arsenic in Water, Sediment and Vegetation of the Jales Go Id Mine, North
Portugal. In: J.Rozema and J.A.C.Verkleij (Eds.), Ecological Responses to Environmental
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No Data Dorman, C., Tucker, F. H., and Coleman, R. 1939. The Effect of Calcium Arsenate upon the
Productivity of Several Important Soils of the Cotton Belt. JAmSocAgron. 31: 1020-1028.
No Cone Deuel, L. E. and Swoboda, A. R. 1972. Arsenic Toxicity to Cotton and Soybeans. J. Environ.
Qual. 1(3): 317-320.
Rev Environment Canada. - Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for Arsenic: (Environmental and Human
Health). Draft Document.Guidelines Division, Evaluation and Interpretation Branch,
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ERE Escritt, J. R. 1955. Calcium Arsenate for Earthworm Control. J Sports Turf Res Inst 9: 28-34 .
Media Fargasova, A. 1994. Effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cr on Germination and Root Growth of
Sinapis alba Seeds. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52: 452-456 .
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on an arsenic-polluted paddy soil. Commun. Soil Sci.Plant Anal. 29(15/16): 2471-2477.
FL Xie, Zhengmiao, Zhu, Zuxiang, Yuan, Keneng, and Huang, Changyong. - Effect of birnessite
(.delta.-MnO2) on oxidation of arsenic(III) in soils. Huanjing Huaxue 8(2): 1-6 (1989)
FL Xie, Zhengmiao, Zhu, Zuxiang, Yuan, Keneng, and Huang, Changyong. 1991. Study on critical
arsenic contents causing toxicity towards rice plants in different soils. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue
11(2): 105-108.
Mix Yeates, G. W., Orchard, V A., and Speir, T. W. 1995. Reduction In Faunal Populations And
Decomposition Following Pasture Contamination By A Cu-Cr-As Based Timber Preservative.
Acta Zoo/. Fenn. (196): 297-300.
OM, pH Yothers, M. A. and Carlson, F. W. - Effect of DDT on the Green Peach Aphid and Its Coccinellid
Predators. J.Econ.Entomol. 41(3): 515-516 (1948)
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
26
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Species Zaman, K., MacGill, R. S., Johnson, J. E., Ahmad, S., and Pardini, R. S. - An Insect Model for
Assessing Oxidative Stress Related to Arsenic Toxicity. Arch.Insect Biochem.Physiol. 29(2):
199-209 (1995)
FL Zyrin, N. G., Kovnatskii, E. F., Roslyakov, N. P., Ryakhovskii, A. V., and Samonov, A. M. -
Determination of Arsenic and Antimony in Plants. Yad.-Fiz.Metody Anal.Kontrole Okruzh.Sredy,
Tr.Vses.Soveshch. 228-231(1985)
7.4 References Used for Derivation of Wildlife TRVs
Bencko, V. 1972. oxygen consumption by mouse liver homogenate during drinking water arsenic exposure, ii.
J.Hyg.Epidemiol.,Microbiol.,Immunol. 16(1): 42-6. RefID: 15471
Benes, B. and Bencko, V. 1981. content of lipids and esterified fatty acids in the liver of mice exposed to arsenic
in drinking water. J. Hyg. Epidemiol., Microbiol., Immunol. 25(4): 384-92. RefID: 15288
Biswas, U., Sarkar, S., Bhowmik, M. K., and Roy, S. clinicopathological profile of induced chronic arsenic toxicity
in Goats. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences; 68 (4). 1998. 320-323. RefID: 15322
Biswas, U. S. Sarkar M. K. Bhowmik A. K. Samanta and S. Biswas. 2000. chronic toxicity of arsenic in goats:
clinicobiochemical changes pathomorphology and tissue residues. Small Ruminant Research 38(3): 229-235.
RefID: 25916
Blakley, BR, Sisodia, CS, and Mukkur, TK. 1980. the effect of methylmercury, tetraethyl lead, and sodium arsenite
on the humoral immune response in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 52(2): 245-254. RefID: 14598
Brown, M. M., Rhyne, B. C., and Goyer, R. A. 1976. intracellular effects of chronic arsenic administration on renal
proximal tubule cells. J Toxicol Environm Health. 1(3): 505-514. RefID: 4
Byron, W. R., Bierbower, G. W., Brouwer, J. B., and Hansen, W. H. 1967. pathologic changes in rats and dogs
from two-year feeding of sodium arsenite or sodium arsenate. Toxicol. Appl.Pharmacol. 10(1): 132-147. RefID:
2
Cabe, P. A., Carmichael, N. G., and Tilson, H. A. 1979. effects of selenium, alone and in combination with silver
or arsenic, in rats. Neurobehav Toxicol. 1(4): 275-8. RefID: 1244
Camardese, Michael B., Hoffman, David J., LeCaptain, Leonard J., and Pendleton, Grey W. effects of arsenate on
growth and physiology in mallard ducklings. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1990) 9(6): 785-95. RefID: 5747
Carmignani, M., Boscolo, P., and Castellino, N. 1985. metabolic fate and cardiovascular effects of arsenic in rats
and rabbits chronically exposed to trivalent and pentavalent arsenic. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. (8): (Recept. Other
Targets Toxic Subst), 452-5. RefID: 15174
Carmignani, M., Boscolo, P., and lannaccone, A. effects of chronic exposure to arsenate on the cardiovascular
function of rats. Br. J. Ind. Med (1983) 40(3): 280-4. RefID: 15249
Chaudhuri, Aditi Nag, Basu, Srabanti, Chattopadhyay, Sukumar, and Gupta, S. Das. effect of high arsenic content
in drinking water on rat brain. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. (1999) 36(1): 51-54. RefID: 15033
Chiou WenShyg, P., Chen, K. L., and Yu, B. 1998. effect of dietary organic arsenicals and cupric sulfate on
copper toxicity, liver accumulation and residue in eggs and excreta of laying Hens. Animal Feed Science and
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 27 March 2005
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Technology. 73(1-2) RefID: 2049
Cobo, Jose M, Aguilar, Maria V., and Martinez, Maria C. effect of chronic cr3+ administration and its interaction
with dietary as3+on glucose tolerance in wistar rats . Nutr. Res. (N. Y.) (1995) 15(4): 555-64. RefID: 15198
Coulson, EJ, Remington, RE, and Lynch, KM. 1935. metabolism in the rat of the naturally occurring arsenic of
shrimp as compared with arsenic trio xide. J. Nutr. 10: 255-270. RefID: 14603
Fowler, BA, Woods, JS, and Schiller, CM. 1977. ultrastructural and biochemical effects of prolonged oral arsenic
exposure on liver mitochondria of rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 197-204. RefID: 14569
Fowler, Bruce A. and Woods, James S. the effects of prolonged oral arsenate exposure on liver mitochondria of
mice : morphometric and biochemical studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1979) 50(2): 177-87. RefID: 15358
Franke, KW and Moxon, AL. 1937. the toxicity of orally ingested arsenic, selenium, tellurium, vanadium and
molybdenum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 61: 89. RefID: 14508
Fuentes, N, Zambrano, F, and Rosenmann, M. 1981. arsenic contamination: metabolic effects and localization in
rats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 70C: 269-272. RefID: 14570
Garcia-Vargas, G., Cebrian, M. E., Albores, A., Lim, C. K., and De Matteis, F. 1995. time-dependent porphyric
response in mice subchronically exposed to arsenic. Human & Experimental Toxicology 14(6): 475-83. RefID:
15530
Ghosh, Debidas, Chattopadhyay, Sandip, and Debnath, Jogen. effect of sodium arsenite on adrenocortical activity in
immature female rats : evidence of dose-dependent response. J. Environ. Sci. (China) (1999) 11(4): 419-422 .
RefID: 15011
Glattre, E., Mravcova, A., Lener, J., Vobecky, M., Egertova, E., and Mysliveckova, M. 1995. study of distribution
and interaction of arsenic and selenium in rat thyroid. Biol Trace Elem Res. 49(2-3): 177-86. RefID: 11361
Healy, Sm, Casarez, Ea, Ayala-Fierro, F, and Aposhian, HV. 1998. enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 148: 65-70. RefID: 14543
Hoffman, D. J., Sanderson, C. J., LeCaptain, L. J., Cromartie, E., and Pendleton, G. W. 1992. interactive effects of
arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings. Arch Environ
Contam Toxicol. 22(1): 55-62. RefID: 1376
Holcman, A. and Stibilj, V. arsenic residues in eggs from laying hens fed with a diet containing arsenic (iii)
oxide. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1997) 32(4): 407-410. RefID: 5305
Howell, G. O. and Hill, C. H. 1978. biological interaction of selenium with other trace elements in chicks.
Environ Health Perspect. 25: 147-50. RefID: 1387
Hughes, Michael F. and Thompson, Daniel J. subchronic dispositional and lexicological effects of arsenate
administered in drinking water to mice. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health (1996) 49(2): 177-196. RefID: 15160
Hunder, G., Schaper, J., Ademuyiwa, O., and Elsenhans, B. species differences in arsenic-mediated renal copper
accumulation: a comparison between rats , mice and guinea pigs. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. (1999) 18(11): 699-
705. RefID: 15007
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 28 March 2005
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Itoh, T, Zhang, YF, Murai, S, Saito, H, Nagahama, H, Miyate, H, Saito, Y, and Abe, E. 1990. the effect of arsenic
trioxide on brain monoamine metabolism and locomotor activity of mice. Toxicol. Letters. 54: 345-353. Ref ID:
14577
Kanisawa, M. and Schroeder, H. A. 1969. life term studies on the effect of trace elements on spontaneous tumors in
mice and rats. Cancer Res. 29(4): 892-895. Ref ID: 3701
Kanisawa, M. and Schroeder, H. A. 1969. renal arteriolar changes in hypertensive rats given cadmium in drinking
water. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 10(1): 81-98. Ref ID: 15061
Kanisawa, M. and H. A. Schroeder. 1967. life term studies on the effects of arsenic, germanium, tin, and vanadium
on spontaneous tumors in mice. Cancer Research. 27: 1192-1195. Ref ID: 20979
Kiyono, S., Hasui, K., Takasu, K., and Seo, M. toxic effect of arsenic trioxide in infant rats. J. Physiol. Soc. Jpn.
36(7): 253-254; 1974.(5 References) Ref ID: 15427
Mahaffey, KR and Fowler, BA. 1977. effects of concurrent administration of lead, cadmium, arsenic in the rat.
Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 165-171. Ref ID: 14580
Mercado, R. C. and Bibby, B. G. 1973. trace element effects on enamel pigmentation incisor growth and molar
morphology in rats. ARCH ORAL BIOL. 18(5): 629-635. Ref ID: 757
Morgareidge, K. 1963. metabolismof two forms of dietary arsenic by the rat. J. Agric. Food Chem. 11: 377.
RefID: 14414
Morris, H. P., Laug, E. P., Morris, H. J., and Grant, R. L. growth and reproduction of rats fed diets containing lead
acetate and arsenic trioxide and the lead and arsenic content of newborn and suckling Rats. JPharmacol Exp Ther
64:420-445,1938 RefID: 15125
Morrison, L. L. and Chavez, E. R. 1983. selenium-arsenic interaction in the weanling pig. Canadian Journal of
Animal Science 63(1): 239-246. RefID: 15709
Nagaraja, T. N. and Desiraju, T. effects on operant learning and brain acetylcholine esterase activity in rats
following chronic inorganic arsenic intake. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. (1994) 13(5): 353-6. RefID: 15216
Nagaraja, TN and Desiraju, T. 1993. regional alterations in the levels of brain biogenic amines, glutamate, gaba,
and gad activity due to chronic consumption of inorganic arsenic in developing and adult rats/. Bull. Environ.
Contain. Toxicol. 50: 100-107. RefID: 14546
Neiger, R. D. and Osweiler, G. D. 1992. arsenic concentrations in tissues and body fluids of dogs on chronic low-
level dietary sodium arsenite. Journal Of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 4(3): 334-337. RefID: 15703
Neiger, RD and Osweiler, GD. 1989. effect of subacute low level dietary sodium arsenite on dogs. Fund. Appl.
Toxicol. 13: 439-451. RefID: 14583
Nemec, Mark D., Holson, Joseph F., Farr, Craig H., and Hood, Ronald D. developmental toxicity assessment of
arsenic acid in mice and rabbits. Reprod. Toxicol. (1998) 12(6): 647-658. RefID: 15057
Nielsen, F. H., Hunt, C. D., and Uthus, E. O. 1980. interactions between essential trace and ultratrace elements.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 355: 152-64. RefID: 15690
Obermeyer, B. D., Palmer, I. S., Olson, O. E., and Halverson, A. W. 1971. toxicity of trimethylselenonium chloride
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 29 March 2005
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in the rat with and without arsenite. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 20(2): 135-46. RefID: 12934
Palmer, I. S., Thiex, Nancy, and Olson, O. E. dietary selenium and arsenic effects in rats. Nutr. Rep. Int. (1983)
27(2): 249-57. RefID: 15262
Savabieasfahani, M, Lochmiller, RL, Rafferty, DP, and Sinclair, JA. 1998. sensitivity of wild cotton rats (sigmodon
hispidus) to the immunotoxic effects of low-level arsenic exposure. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 34: 289-296.
RefID: 14556
Schiller, Carol M., Fowler, Bruce A., and Woods, James S. effects of arsenic onpyruvate dehydrogenase activation.
Environ. Health Perspect. (1977) : 19,205-7. RefID: 15397
Schiller, Carol M., Walden, Ramsey, and Fowler, Bruce A. interaction between arsenic and alloxan-induced
diabetes, effects on rat urinary enzyme levels. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1981) 30(2): 168-70. RefID: 15324
Schmolke, G., Elsenhans, B., Ehtechami, C., and Forth, W. arsenic-copper interaction in the kidney of the rat.
Hum. Exp. Toxicol. (1992) 11(5): 315-21. RefID: 15264
Schroeder, H. A. and Balassa, J. J. 1967. arsenic, germanium, tin and vanadium in mice: effects on growth, survival
and tissue levels. J. Nutr. 92(2): 245-252. RefID: 3084
Schroeder, H. A., Kanisawa, M., Frost, D. V., and Mitchener, M. 1968. germanium, tin, and arsenic in rats: effects
on growth, survival, pathological lesions, and life span. JNutr. 96: 37-45. RefID: 7
Schroeder, H. A. and Mitchener, M. 1971. toxic effects of trace elements on the reproduction of mice and rats.
Arch.Environ.Health. 23: 102-106. RefID: 66
Schroeder, Henry A. 1968. serum cholesterol levels in rats fed thirteen trace elements. J. Nutr. 94(4): 475-80
. RefID: 15506
Seidenberg, J. M., Anderson, D. G., and Becker, R. A. 1986. validation of an in vivo developmental toxicity screen
in the mouse. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 6: 361-374. RefID: 113
Skalnaya, M. G., Zhavoronkov, A. A., Kalinina, 1.1., and Skalny, A. V. characteristic of thymus in newborn mice
after chronic exposure of their mothers to sodium arsenite. Trace Elem. Electrolytes (1996) 13(2): 88-91 Ref ID:
15167
Stanley, T. R. Jr., Spann, J. W., Smith, G. J., and Rosscoe, R. 1994. main and interactive effects of arsenic and
selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival. Archives of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology. 26(4): 444-451. RefID: 1570
Tice, RR, Yager, JW, Andrews, P, and Crecelius, E. 1997. effect of hepatic metyl donor status on urinary excretion
and dna damage in bc3fl mice treated with sodium arsenite. Mutation Res. 386: 315-334. RefID: 14589
Tripathi, N, Kannan, GM, Pant, BP, Jaiswal, DK, Malhotra, PR, and Flora, SJS. 1997. arsenic-induced changes in
certain neurotransmitter levels and their recoveries following chelation in rat whole brain. Toxicol. Letters. 92:
201-208. RefID: 14590
Uthus, Eric O. and Nielsen, Forrest H. 1985. effects in chicks of arsenic, arginine, and zinc and their interaction on
body weight, plasma uric acid, plasma urea, and kidney arginase activity. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 7(1): 11-20 .
RefID: 6188
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 30 March 2005
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Valkonen, S, Savolainen, J, and Javisalo, J. 1983. arsenic distribution and neurochemical effects in peroral sodium
arsenite exposure of rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30(3): 303-308. RefID: 14593
Vreman, K., Van, D. E. R. Veen Ng, Van, D. E. R. Molen Ej, and De, Ruig Wg. 1988. transfer of cadmium lead
mercury and arsenic from feed into tissues of fattening bulls chemical and pathological data. Neth JAgric Sci.
36(4): 327-338. RefID: 471
Whitworth, Molly R., Pendleton, Grey W., Hoffman, David J., and Camardese, Michael B. effects of dietary
boron and arsenic on the behavior of mallard ducklings. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1991) 10(7): 911-16:
0730-7268. RefID: 5690
Woods, James S. and Fowler, Bruce A. altered regulation of mammalian hepatic heme biosynthesis and urinary
porphyrin excretion during prolonged exposure to sodium arsenate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1978) 43(2):
361-71. RefID: 15387
7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The
definition of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference
sections.
Diss Arsenic: an analytical procedure to determine its total content in biological samples and signs of
its deprivation in rats and chicks. 788794 ORDER NO: AAD82-20750
Diss Characterization and comparison of mitochondria! atpase and adenine nucleotide transport activity
in mitochondria from rat liver and neoplastic tissues of different growth rates. 760425 ORDER
NO: AAD81-23882
Diss Characterization, fate and environmental risk assessment of microbial, elemental and toxic
components of fractionated broiler litter during storage and reutilization. 01295605 ORDER
NO: AAD93-16361
Diss Crystallographic studies of transport proteins and ligands (thiobacillus ferrooxidans, didelphins
virginiana, multiplewavelength anomalous dispersion). 01695894 ORDER NO: AAD99-23629
Diss Ecology and toxicology of arsenic in contaminated grassland. 0996661 ORDER NO: Not
Available from University Microfilms Int'l.
Diss effects of chronic dietary inorganic arsenic in dogs. 0966997 ORDER NO: AAD87-21915
Diss effects of stripped oil shale retort water on fishes, birds, and mammals. 01265899 ORDER NO:
AAD84-08915
Diss electrochemical synthesis and structural characterization of zintl anion clusters produced via the
cathodic dissolution of telluride electrodes. 01378472 ORDER NO: AAD94-29162
Diss factors affecting the toxicity and metabolism of organic arsenicals (roxarsone, copper, cysteine).
1003496 ORDER NO: AAD85-02122
Diss heavy metal bioaccumulation in great basin submersed aquatic macrophytes. 01363274 ORDER
Eco-SSL for Arsenic 31 March 2005
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NO: AAD94-18488
No Oral letter from smelter environmental research association to usepa submitting two research reports on
arsenic compounds, cadmium compounds and calcium sulfate with attachments. EPA/OTS; Doc
#88-7800150
Unrel Multielement Geochemical Exploration Data for the Cove Known Geothermal Resource Area,
Beaver andMillard Counties, Utah\ AU-
CP newer trace elements - vanadium (v) and arsenic (as): deficiencyand possible metabolic roles. .|
au. Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals - 3
NoCOC news about chemicals. IRPTC Bull. V8,N1, P 17(16)
Diss processes controlling arsenic mobility in natural and engineered systems (drinking water, los
angeles, water treatment, geothermal. 01603177 ORDER NO: AAD98-03506
No Oral Tadlock, Charles H. and Aposhian, H. Vasken. protection of mice against the lethal effects of
sodium arsenite by 2,3 dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid and dimercaptosuccinic acid.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1980) 94(2): 501-7.
Diss the role of activated charcoal in the treatment of acute arsenic poisoning: an in vivo study.
01201519 ORDER NO: AAD13-46055
Diss
FL
Unrel
Diss
Stress-induced proteins in rat myoblasts (arsenic, heat shock, phosphorylation, gel electrophoresis,
two-dimensional. 887311 ORDER NO: AAD85-14020
Study on the maximum permissible concentration of arsenic compounds in drinking water.
Huan ChingK'o Hsueh (1981) 2( 3): 184-8 CODEN: HCKHDV; ISSN: 0250-3301.
Synergistic teratogenic effects of arsenic and hyperthermia in.
systemic indicators of inorganic arsenic toxicity in several species. 1015071 ORDER NO:
AAD13-33254
No COC 1949.Thiouracil Administration and Thyroidectomy in Experimental Polyarthritis of Rats : 8p.
Surv 1958.Regional Monitoring Activities, May 1958. HW-56226
Surv 1916.Rocky Mountain Arsenal Bird Kill (Entomological Special Study). RMA-83020R03
An Prod 1980. market milk technology and equipment; milk products microbiology,physico-chemical
properties and analysis. india, national dairy research institute: annualreport
1979. 211-219.
FL 1980. [a study on the combined toxicity of ddt, 666, as, hg and cr (author's transl)]. Chung-Hua
Yu Fang i Hsueh Tsa Chih 14(2): 86-8.
Unrel 1982. Use of Isotopes to Detect Moderate Mineral Imbalances in Farm Animals. Results of a CO-
Ordinated Research Programme on the Use of Isotope Techniques for Detection of Moderate
Mineral Imbalances in Farm Animals Organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Isotope and
Radiation Applications of Atomic Energy for Food and Agricultural Development and Presented
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
32
March 2005
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at a Research CO-Ordination Meeting Held in Nicosia, Cyprus, 6-10 October 1980. IAEA-
TECDOC-267; CONF-8010327-
Unrel 1987. Toxicology and biochemistry of acaricides. report 1984-86, division of
tropical animal sciences,csiro. 25-31.
No Dose 1989. Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Site, North
Muskegon, Michigan (First Remedial Action), September 1989. EPA/ROD/R05-89/111
Mix 1993. NTP technical report on toxicity studies of a chemical mixture of 25 groundwater
contaminants administered in drinking water to f344/n rats and b6c3fl mice. Natl.
Toxicol. Program Toxic. Rep. Ser. 35: 184 pp.
Unrel 1996. Environmental Cleanup: Progress in Resolving Long-Standing Issues at the Rocky
Mountain Arsenal
Drug aAbdul-Ghani, A. S., Attwell, P. J., and Bradford, H. F. 1998. the effect of 2-amino-3-
arsonopropionate and 2-amino-4-arsonobutyrate on the development and maintenance of amygdala
kindled seizures. InternationalJournalofNeuroscience 96(3-4): 255-67.
Org met Abdo, K. M, Elwell, M. R., Montgomery, C. A., Thompson, M. B., Thompson, R. B., and
Prejean, J. D. 1989. toxic responses in 1344 rats and b6c3f 1 mice given roxarsone in their diets
for up to 13 weeks. Toxicology Letters 45(1): 55-66.
FL Abdrashitova, S. A., Mynbaeva, B. N., Aidarkhanov, B. B., Abdullina, G. G., and Ilialetdinov, A.
N. 1989. relationship between arsenite oxidation and lipid oxidation during arsenite-oxidizing
microorganism growth. Doklady Akademii NaukSssr 304(3): 737-740.
An Prod Abrahams, P. W. and Thornton, I. 1994. the contamination of agricultural land in the
metalliferous province of southwest England: implications to livestock. Agriculture Ecosystems
& Environment; 48 (2): 125-137.
FL Adachi, S., Kawai, H., Hosogai, Y., Takahashi, T., Yoshimura, H., Katayama, H., and Takemoto,
K. 1980. Toxicity of hijiki (Hizikia fusiforme) extract containing unidentified arsenic compound.
JFood Hyg Soc Jpn. 21 (6): (RECD. 1981). 425-434.
CP Su, L. C., Csallany, A. S., Tangney, C. C., Driskell, J. A., Chow, C. K., Howell, G.,
Hill, C. H., Prohaska, J. R., Ganther, H. E., Oh, S. H., Hoekstra, W. G., Burk, R. F., Nishiki, K.,
Lawrence, R. A., Chance, B., Ullrey, D. E., Shelle, J. E., Brady, P. S., Miller, E. R., Ayaz, K. L.,
Machlin, L. J., Gabriel, E., Horn, L. R., Spiegel, H. E., Nelson, J., Brin, M., Catignani, G. L.,
Bieri, J. G., Thorp, S. L., Tolliver, T. J., Shih, J. C. H., Scott, M. L., Schloss, J., Corwin, L. M.,
Ferretti, R. J., Morris, V. C., Levander, O. A., Scares, J. H. Jr., Swerdel, M., Sleet, R. B., Chou, A.
C., Broun, G. O. Jr., Fitch, C. D., Heffron, J. J. A., Chan, A. C., Hegarty, P. V. J., and Fisher, M.
1977. federation of american societies for experimental biology; 61st annualmeeting, Chicago,
Illinois april 1 - 8, 1977. selenium and vitamin e. Federation Proceedings 36(3): 1094-1095,
1167-1168.
FL
Fate
Ado, V. A. and Horyachkina, L. A. modeling of chemical allergoses and their selective and
nonspecific inhibition. Fiziol Zh (Kiev); 21 (4). 1975 481-485
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(iii) interaction on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in growing rats. Ann Nutr Metab.
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CP
FL
An Prod
Org met
Gene
Dead
Abstract
No Oral
InVit
Diss
No Dose
HHE
FL
41(3): 189-95.
Aguilar, M. V., Martinez-Para, M. C., and Gonzalez, M. J. 1998. effect of as(v)-cr(iii) interaction
on body weight, plasma protein, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in growing rats. Met. Ions
Biol. Med. Proc. Int. Symp., 5th : 280-284. Editor(s): Collery, Phillipe. Publisher: Libbey
Eurotext, Montrouge, Fr.
Aguilar, M. Victorina, Martinez-Para, M. Carmen, and Gonzalez, M. Jose. 1997. effects of
arsenic(v)-chromium(iii) interaction on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in growing rats.
Ann. Nutr. Metab. 41(3): 189-195.
Akhtar, M. H., Patterson, J. R., Salisbury, C. D. C., Ho, S. K., Jui, P. Y., and Hartin, K. E. effects
of feeding 3 nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid on growing-finishing pigs.. Canadian Journal of
Animal Science. 72 (2). 1992. 389-394.
Al-Timimi, A. A. and Sullivan, T. W. 1972. safety and toxicity of dietary organic arsenicals
relative to performance of young turkeys part 1 arsanilic-acid and sodium arsanilate. Poultry
Science. 51(1): 1972111-116.
Ali, A., Krone, P. H., Pearson, D. S., and Heikkila, J. J. 1996. evaluation of stress-inducible
hsp90 gene expression as a potential molecular biomarker in xenopus laevis. Cell Stress &
Chaperones 1(1): 62-9.
Allen, G. T., Blackford, S. H., and Welsh, D. 1998. arsenic, mercury, selenium, and
organochlorines and reproduction of interior least terns in the northern great plains, 1992-1994.
Colonial Waterbirds. 21(3): 356-366.
Alvarez-Barrera L(A), Corona-Martinez A(A), Rodriguez-Aguilera, E., Betancourt-Rule, M., and
Altamirano-Lozano, M. A(A). 2000. dna damage in leukocytes and testicular cells in male mice
after chronic or acute treatments with sodium arsenate. Environmental and Molecular
Mutagenesis. 3 5 (Suppl. 31): 10.
Aly, S., Mousa, S., el-Kahky, M., Saleh, A., and el-Mofty, A. 1975. toxic deafness, i. histological
study of the effect of arsenic, salicylates and quinine, on the organ of corti of guinea pigs.
Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association. 58(3-4): 144-57.
Amacher, D. E. and Paillet, S. C. 1980. induction of trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants by
metal ions in 15178y/tk-plus/minus Cells. MutatRes. 78 (3): 279-1
Amann, R. P. reproductive toxicology of chemical mixtures.
Institutes Of Health
Crisp Data Base National
Amano, Ryohei, Oishi, Shigeo, Lit, B., Enomoto, Shuichi, and Ambe, Fumitoshi. biodistribution
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Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ABSTRACT
(Abstract)
ACUTE STUDIES
(Acu)
AIR POLLUTION
(AirP)
ALTERED RECEPTOR
(Alt)
AQUATIC STUDIES
(Aquatic)
ANATOMICAL STUDIES
(Anat)
BACTERIA
(Bact)
BIOACCUMULATION
SURVEY
(Bio Ace)
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT
(BioP)
BIOMARKER
(Biom)
CARCINOGENICITY
STUDIES
(Carcin)
CHEMICAL METHODS
(Chem Meth)
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
(CP)
DEAD
(Dead)
DISSERTATIONS
(Diss)
DRUG
(Drug)
DUPLICATE DATA
(Dup)
Description
Abstracts of journal publications or conference
presentations.
Single oral dose or exposure duration of three days or less.
Studies describing the results for air pollution studies.
Studies that describe the effects of the contaminant on
surgically-altered or chemically -modified receptors (e.g.,
right nephrectomy, left renal artery ligature, hormone
implant, etc.).
Studies that investigate toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Studies of anatomy. Instance where the contaminant is
used in physical studies (e.g., silver nitrate staining for
histology).
Studies on bacteria or susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Studies reporting the measurement of the concentration of
the contaminant in tissues.
Studies of biological toxicants, including venoms, fungal
toxins, Bacillus thuringiensis, other plant, animal, or
microbial extracts or toxins.
Studies reporting results for a biomarker having no
reported association with an adverse effect and an
exposure dose (or concentration).
Studies that report data only for carcinogenic endpoints
such as tumor induction. Papers that report systemic
toxicity data are retained for coding of appropriate
endpoints.
Studies reporting methods for determination of
contaminants, purification of chemicals, etc. Studies
describing the preparation and analysis of the contaminant
in the tissues of the receptor.
Studies reported in conference and symposium
proceedings.
Studies reporting results for dead organisms. Studies
reporting field mortalities with necropsy data where it is
not possible to establish the dose to the organism.
Dissertations are excluded. However, dissertations are
flagged for possible future use.
Studies reporting results for testing of drug and therapeutic
effects and side-effects. Therapeutic drugs include
vitamins and minerals. Studies of some minerals may be
included if there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies reporting results that are duplicated in a separate
publication. The publication with the earlier year is used.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
(Ecol)
EFFLUENT
(Effl)
ECOLOGICALLY
RELEVANT ENDPOINT
(ERE)
CONTAMINANT
FATE/METABOLISM
(Fate)
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(FL)
FOOD STUDIES
(Food)
FUNGUS
(Fungus)
GENE
(Gene)
HUMAN HEALTH
(HHE)
IMMUNOLOGY
(IMM)
INVERTEBRATE
(Invert)
IN VITRO
(In Vit)
LEAD SHOT
(Lead shot)
MEDIA
(Media)
METHODS
(Meth)
MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
(Mineral)
MIXTURE
(Mix)
Description
Studies of ecological processes that do not investigate
effects of contaminant exposure (e.g., studies of "silver"
fox natural history; studies on ferrets identified in iron
search).
Studies reporting effects of effluent, sewage, or polluted
runoff.
Studies reporting a result for endpoints considered as
ecologically relevant but is not used for deriving Eco-SSLs
(e.g., behavior, mortality).
Studies reporting what happens to the contaminant, rather
than what happens to the organism. Studies describing the
intermediary metabolism of the contaminant (e.g.,
radioactive tracer studies) without description of adverse
effects.
Studies in languages other than English.
Food science studies conducted to improve production of
food for human consumption.
Studies on fungus.
Studies of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and
mutagenicity).
Studies with human subjects.
Studies on the effects of contaminants on immuno logical
endpoints.
Studies that investigate the effects of contaminants on
terrestrial invertebrates are excluded.
In vitro studies, including exposure of cell cultures,
excised tissues and/or excised organs.
Studies administering lead shot as the exposure form.
These studies are labeled separately for possible later
retrieval and review.
Authors must report that the study was conducted using
natural or artificial soil. Studies conducted in pore water or
any other aqueous phase (e.g., hydroponic solution), filter
paper, petri dishes, manure, organic or histosoils (e.g., peat
muck, humus), are not considered suitable for use in
defining soil screening levels.
Studies reporting methods or methods development
without usable toxicity test results for specific endpoints.
Studies examining the minerals required for better
production of animals for human consumption, unless
there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies that report data for combinations of single
toxicants (e.g. cadmium and copper) are excluded.
Exposure in a field setting from contaminated natural soils
or waste application to soil may be coded as Field Survey.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
MODELING
(Model)
NO CONTAMINANT OF
CONCERN
(No COC)
NO CONTROL
(No Control)
NO DATA
(No Data)
NO DOSE or CONC
(No Dose)
NO DURATION
(No Dur)
NO EFFECT
(No Efct)
NO ORAL
(No Oral)
NO ORGANISM
(No Org) or NO SPECIES
NOT AVAILABLE
(Not Avail)
NOT PRIMARY
(Not Prim)
NO TOXICANT
(No Tox)
NO TOX DATA
(No Tox Data)
NUTRIENT
(Nutrient)
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
(Nut def)
NUTRITION
(Nut)
OTHER AMBIENT
CONDITIONS
(OAC)
Description
Studies reporting the use of existing data for modeling,
i.e., no new organism toxicity data are reported. Studies
which extrapolate effects based on known relationships
between parameters and adverse effects.
Studies that do not examine the toxicity of Eco-SSL
contaminants of concern.
Studies which lack a control or which have a control that is
classified as invalid for derivation of TRVs.
Studies for which results are stated in text but no data is
provided. Also refers to studies with insufficient data
where results are reported for only one organism per
exposure concentration or dose (wildlife).
Studies with no usable dose or concentration reported, or
an insufficient number of doses/concentrations are used
based on Eco-SSL SOPs. These are usually identified
after examination of full paper. This includes studies
which examine effects after exposure to contaminant
ceases. This also includes studies where offspring are
exposed in utero and/or lactation by doses to parents and
then after weaning to similar concentrations as their
parents. Dose cannot be determined.
Studies with no exposure duration. These are usually
identified after examination of full paper.
Studies with no relevant effect evaluated in a biological
test species or data not reported for effect discussed.
Studies using non-oral routes of contaminant
administration including intraperitoneal injection, other
injection, inhalation, and dermal exposures.
Studies that do not examine or test a viable organism (also
see in vitro rejection category).
Papers that could not be located. Citation from electronic
searches may be incorrect or the source is not readily
available.
Papers that are not the original compilation and/or
publication of the experimental data.
No toxicant used. Publications often report responses to
changes in water or soil chemistry variables, e.g., pH or
temperature. Such publications are not included.
Studies where toxicant used but no results reported that
had a negative impact (plants and soil invertebrates).
Nutrition studies reporting no concentration related
negative impact.
Studies of the effects of nutrient deficiencies. Nutritional
deficient diet is identified by the author. If reviewer is
uncertain then the administrator should be consulted.
Effects associated with added nutrients are coded.
Studies examining the best or minimum level of a
chemical in the diet for improvement of health or
maintenance of animals in captivity.
Studies which examine other ambient conditions: pH,
salinity, DO, UV, radiation, etc.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
OIL
(Oil)
OM,pH
(OM, pH)
ORGANIC METAL
(Org Met)
LEAD BEHAVIOR OR HIGH
DOSE MODELS
(Pb Behav)
PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
(Phys)
PLANT
(Plant)
PRIMATE
(Prim)
PUBLAS
(Publ as)
QSAR
(QSAR)
REGULATIONS
(Reg)
REVIEW
(Rev)
Description
Studies which examine the effects of oil and petroleum
products.
Organic matter content of the test soil must be reported by
the authors, but may be presented in one of the following
ways; total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic
carbon (POC), organic carbon (OC), coarse particulate
organic matter (CPOM), particulate organic matter (POM),
ash free dry weight of soil, ash free dry mass of soil,
percent organic matter, percent peat, loss on ignition
(LOI), organic matter content (OMC).
With the exception of studies on non-ionizing substances,
the study must report the pH of the soil, and the soil pH
should be within the range of >4 and <8.5. Studies that
do not report pH or report pH outside this range are
rejected.
Studies which examine the effects of organic metals. This
includes tetraethyl lead, triethyl lead, chromium
picolinate, phenylarsonic acid, roxarsone, 3-nitro-4-
phenylarsonic acid,, zinc phosphide, monomethylarsonic
acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO), or arsenobetaine (AsBe) and other organo
metallic fungicides. Metal acetates and methionines are
not rejected and are evaluated.
There are a high number of studies in the literature that
expose rats or mice to high concentrations of lead in
drinking water (0.1, 1 to 2% solutions) and then observe
behavior in offspring, and/or pathology changes in the
brain of the exposed dam and/or the progeny. Only a
representative subset of these studies were coded.
Behavior studies examining complex behavior (learned
tasks) were also not coded.
Physiology studies where adverse effects are not
associated with exposure to contaminants of concern.
Studies of terrestrial plants are excluded.
Primate studies are excluded.
The author states that the information in this report has
been published in another source. Data are recorded from
only one source. The secondary citation is noted as Publ
As.
Derivation of Quantitative Structure- Activity
Relationships (QSAR) is a form of modeling. QSAR
publications are rejected if raw toxicity data are not
reported or if the toxicity data are published elsewhere as
original data.
Regulations and related publications that are not a primary
source of data.
Studies in which the data reported in the article are not
primary data from research conducted by the author. The
publication is a compilation of data published elsewhere.
These publications are reviewed manually to identify other
relevant literature.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SCORE
(Score)
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SLUDGE
SOIL CONC
(Soil)
SPECIES
STRESSOR
(QAC)
SURVEY
(Surv)
REPTILE OR AMPHIBIAN
(Herp)
UNRELATED
(Unrel)
WATER QUALITY STUDY
(Wqual)
YEAST
(Yeast)
Description
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Papers in which all studies had data evaluation scores at or
lower then the acceptable cut-off (_s 10 of 18) for plants
and soil invertebrates).
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Studies on the effects of ingestion of soils amended with
sewage sludge.
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in soil.
Studies in which the species of concern was not a
terrestrial invertebrate or plant or mammal or bird.
Studies examining the interaction of a stressor (e.g.,
radiation, heat, etc.) and the contaminant, where the effect
of the contaminant alone cannot be isolated.
Studies reporting the toxicity of a contaminant in the field
over a period of time. Often neither a duration nor an
exposure concentration is reported.
Studies on reptiles and amphibians. These papers flagged
for possible later review.
Studies that are unrelated to contaminant exposure and
response and/or the receptor groups of interest.
Studies of water quality.
Studies of yeast.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
-------
m
SSL
Appendix 5-1
Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRY) -Arsenic
March 2005
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 1 of 1
Ref
Result #
2;
1
Reference
Exposure
Chemical Form
£
Q
*s
s.
CO
%
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
Q
*
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
1
Biochemical
1
2
5747
1376
Camardese et al, 1990
Hoffman et al, 1992
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
100
100
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
1
1
4
2
0/30/100/300
0/200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Y
N
12.1
6
ADL
ADL
UX
ux
FD
FD
10
4
w
w
1
1
d
d
JV
JV
F
B
C
C
FieldA
FieldA
5
4
BIO
BIO
ENZ
ENZ
ACHE
GLPX
BR
PL
30.0
200
Y
N
1.0
0.384
Y
N
0.012
0.03121
0.410
17.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
1
1
4
4
10
10
10
10
4
4
76
74
Behavior
5
3
4
5747
5305
5690
Camardese et al, 1990
Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
Whitworth et al 1991
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic oxide
Sodium arsenate
100
100
100
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
1
1
1
4
4
4
0/30/100/300
0/7.5/15.0/30.0
0/30/100/300
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Y
N
Y
12.1
na
12.1
ADL
NR
ADL
UX
u
u
FD
FD
FD
2
19
9
w
d
w
1
49
1
d
w
d
JV
SM
JV
F
F
NR
C
C
C
FieldA
Lab
Lab
4
1
1
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
FCNS
FCNS
ACTV
WO
WO
wo
30.0
30.0
100
100.0
300
Y
N
N
0.160
1.6
0.092
Y
Y
N
0.007
0.1194
0.01231
1.49
2.24
15.2
4.98
45.7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
7
6
5
4
4
4
8
4
10
10
8
10
10
6
10
4
4
4
83
67
78
Pathology
6
7
5747
1376
Camardese et al, 1990
Hoffman et al, 1992
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
100
100
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
1
1
4
2
0/30/100/300
0/200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Y
N
12.1
6
ADL
ADL
ux
ux
FD
FD
10
4
w
w
1
1
d
d
JV
JV
B
B
C
C
FieldA
FieldA
3
3
PTH
PTH
ORW
ORW
ORWT
ORWT
LI
LI
300
200
Y
N
1.10
0.384
Y
N
0.012
0.03121
3.72
17.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
4
4
4
4
1
10
10
10
4
4
70
77
Reproduction
8
5305 |Holcman and Stibilj, 1997 |Arsenic oxide
100 |Chicken (Callus domesticus )
1
4 |o/7.5/15.0/30.0 |mg/kg diet
N
na
NR
u |FD
19
d
49
w
LB
F
C
Lab | 3 | REP
REP
PROG
WO
30.0
N
1.6
Y
0.1194
2.24
10
10
5
10
6
10
4
3
10
4
72
Growth
9
10
11
12
5305
5747
1387
1376
Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
Camardese et al, 1990
Howell and Hill, 1978
Hoffman et al, 1992
Arsenic oxide
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic trichloride
Sodium arsenate
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
2
0/7.5/15.0/30.0
0/30/100/300
0/50
0/200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
Y
N
N
na
12.1
na
6
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
ux
u
ux
FD
FD
FD
FD
19
2
21
4
d
w
d
w
49
1
1
1
w
d
d
d
SM
JV
JV
JV
F
F
B
B
C
C
C
C
Lab
FieldA
Lab
FieldA
2
2
1
2
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
GGRO
BDWT
BDWT
WO
wo
wo
wo
30.0
30.0
50.0
200
N
Y
N
Y
1.6
0.160
0.564
0.384
Y
Y
N
N
0.1194
0.007
0.04009
0.03121
2.24
1.49
3.55
17.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
5
6
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
3
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
66
83
76
82
Survival
13
14
15
16
5305
1387
5747
1376
Holcman and Stibilj, 1997
Howell and Hill, 1978
Camardese et al, 1990
Hoffman et al, 1992
Arsenic oxide
Arsenic trichloride
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
1
1
1
1
4
2
4
2
0/7.5/15.0/30.0
0/50
0/30/100/300
0/200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
Y
N
na
na
12.1
6
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
u
ux
ux
FD
FD
FD
FD
19
21
10
4
d
d
w
w
49
1
1
1
w
d
d
d
SM
JV
JV
JV
F
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
FieldA
FieldA
4
2
3
1
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
wo
wo
wo
wo
30.0
50.0
300
200
N
N
Y
Y
1.6
0.564
1.10
0.384
Y
N
Y
N
0.1194
0.04009
0.012
0.03121
2.24
3.55
3.72
17.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
5
7
6
9
9
9
9
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
74
77
84
83
ailable from Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
Eco-SSL for A rsenic
March 2005
-------
-------
Soil Sorooning M>v«l«
Appendix 6-1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife
Toxicity Reference Value (TR V) - Arsenic
March 2005
-------
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-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 1 of 4
Ref
Result #
Z;
1
c
1
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
6
SS
^
.1
1
«
H
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
1
o
Q
1
o
O
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•3
Age Units
Lifestage
x
<2
Control Type
o
H
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
3
S
^
Response Site
J
H
|
^1
i
s
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAELDose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
3
o
H
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
14583
15703
15387
14580
15011
14577
15506
15216
14546
14546
15216
11361
15387
15709
25916
15322
15530
14590
15530
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Neiger and Osweiler, 1992
Wood and Fowler, 1978
Mahaffey et al., 1977
Ghosh et all 999
Itohetal., 1990
Schroeder, 1968
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Glattreet. al., 1995
Wood and Fowler, 1978
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Biswas, et al, 2000
Biswas etal, 1998
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Tnpathietal 1997
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
57.69
56.79
100
100
57.69
83.53
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
57.69
57.69
100
100
100
Dog (Canis familiaris~)
Dog (Cams familiaris~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Pig (Sus scrofa }
Goat (Ovis aries}
Goat (Capra hircus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
i
2
2
4
4
4
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
0.0/0.88/1.80/2.88
0.0/0.88/1.80/2.88
0/1.2/2.2/3.5
0/50
0/0.2/0.4
0/3/10
0/3.776
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/6.36
0/6.6/11.4/25.1
0/100
0/25
0/25.0
0/20
0/2.56
0/50
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/L
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
M
U
UX
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
DR
FD
GV
OR
DR
GV
FD
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
OR
DR
DR
DR
DR
8
58
6
10
28
14
781
20
90
18
90
4
6
2
3
6
2
16
2
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
8
8
NR
NR
35
4
21-23
2
90
2
90
NR
NR
21
12
1
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
d
mo
yr
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
AD
JV
F
F
M
M
F
M
B
B
NR
B
B
M
M
B
F
F
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
HRM
HRM
ENZ
HRM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
ASAT
GBCM
GENZ
RBCE
GENZ
TRYP
CHOL
ACHE
DOPA
DOPA
ACHE
TRII
GENZ
GLPX
ASAT
HMGL
PORP
DOPA
PORP
SR
UR
LI
BL
AR
BR
SR
BR
BR
BR
BR
SR
LI
PL
BL
BL
UR
BR
UR
1.80
2.88
0.880
1.20
50.0
0.200
3.0
3.78
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.36
6.60
100
25.0
25.0
20.0
2.56
50.0
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
10.1
10.1
0.2000
0.523
0.056
0.022
0.2350
0.050
0.2152
0.0313
0.25
0.290
0.0300
5.40
14.8
11.0
0.030
0.080
0.0300
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
0.4597
0.4597
0.02326
0.01568
0.006426
0.002981
0.02689
0.005855
0.01943
0.003984
0.02198
0.03249
0.004217
0.5100
0.6294
0.8568
0.0350
0.01020
0.0240
1.04
1.66
0.500
1.20
1.50
2.06
2.51
3.78
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
6.36
6.60
9.44
14.4
14.4
24.6
32.0
42.1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
8
8
5
8
10
8
10
5
5
10
8
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
10
10
7
7
7
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
80
79
69
68
73
77
69
77
68
77
74
69
69
71
70
69
66
66
66
Behavior
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
15007
15471
14583
14508
15358
14508
15709
15007
15288
14603
14580
14577
4
15216
15216
1244
15530
15530
Plunder etal, 1999
Bencko 1972
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Franke and Moxon 1937
Fowler and Woods 1979
Franke and Moxon 1937
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Plunder etal, 1999
Benese and Bencko, 1981
Coulsonetal, 1935
Mahaffey etal., 1977
Itohetal., 1990
Brown etal., 1976
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Cabe, etal., 1979
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic trioxide
sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
100
100
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83.53
100
100
100
100
100
100
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Dog (Canis familiaris}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Pig (Sus scrofa }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
3
1
1
1
1
2
i
2
1
2
i
i
i
i
2
i
i
2
4
3
4
2
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
0/10/30/60
0/0.88/6.0
0.0/0.88/1.80/2.88
0/1.88
0/20/40/85
0/3.22
0/100
0/10/30/60
0/4.945/49.45/249.4
0/0.21
0/50
0/3/10
0/4.7/9.4/10.9
0/5
0/5
0/50
0/20
0/50
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
UX
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
OR
DR
GV
FD
DR
DR
DR
3
64
1
100
6
100
6
3
32
52
10
14
6
21
90
18
6
6
w
d
w
d
w
d
w
w
d
w
w
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
NR
NR
8
28
NR
28
21
NR
NR
33-35
NR
4
NR
2
90
50
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
d
NR
d
d
NR
NR
d
NR
w
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
M
F
M
M
M
B
F
M
B
M
M
M
B
B
M
M
M
c
c
M
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
ACTV
WCON
FCNS
ACTP
WCON
WCON
WCON
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
10.0
0.880
1.80
1.88
20.0
3.22
100
30.0
49.5
30.0
6.00
2.88
40.0
60.0
249
0.21
50.0
3.0
4.70
5.0
5.0
50.0
20.0
50.0
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.315
0.03329
10.1
0.2874
0.0267
0.2635
14.2
0.0300
0.0325
0.4450
0.523
0.022
0.444
0.050
0.250
0.200
0.0300
0.0300
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
0.02658
0.005790
0.4597
0.01296
0.003801
0.01109
0.5100
0.003847
0.004225
0.01208
0.01568
0.002981
0.01785
0.005855
0.02198
0.02326
0.0350
0.0240
0.844
0.880
1.04
1.88
2.84
3.22
3.59
3.85
6.43
2.53
6.00
1.66
5.69
7.69
32.4
0.472
1.50
2.51
4.70
5.0
5.0
5.81
24.6
42.1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
10
10
8
5
8
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
10
10
6
10
7
6
7
7
6
10
10
10
6
6
7
7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
8
10
4
10
4
4
10
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
79
73
83
68
74
68
74
79
73
79
71
80
68
80
73
68
69
69
Physiology
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
15471
15061
15174
15174
15174
15709
4
14546
15249
15322
25916
Bencko 1972
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Carmignani etal, 1985
Carmignani etal, 1985
Carmignani etal, 1985
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Brown etal., 1976
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Carmignani et al 1983
Biswas et al, 1998
Biswas, et al, 2000
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
100
100
45.71
57.69
57.69
100
100
100
100
57.69
57.69
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Pig (Sus scrofa }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Goat (Capra hircus}
Goat (Ovis aries}
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
0/0.88/6.0
0/5
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/100
0/4.7/9.4/10.9
0/5
0/50
0/25.0
0/25
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
NR
DLY
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
GV
DR
DR
OR
32
18
18
10
18
6
6
18
320
6
9
d
mo
mo
mo
mo
w
w
d
d
w
w
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
2
NR
1
12
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
NR
yr
mo
JV
JV
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
M
B
M
F
M
B
M
B
M
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
GPHY
BLPR
GPHY
BLPR
BLPR
EXCR
RPRT
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
RPRT
LI
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
KI
HA
HA
BL
WO
0.880
6.00
5.0
50
50
50
100
4.70
5.0
50.0
25.0
25.0
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
0.03329
0.248
0.50
4.10
0.50
14.2
0.444
0.0313
0.2670
11.0
21.3
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
0.005790
0.02823
0.05305
0.3525
0.05305
0.5100
0.01785
0.003984
0.03016
0.8568
0.8490
0.880
6.00
0.569
2.55
2.61
3.22
3.59
4.70
5.0
5.65
14.4
14.4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
8
5
5
8
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
5
5
5
7
10
10
5
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
73
67
67
67
67
74
68
80
67
72
73
Pathology
49
50
51
52
53
54
15160
14603
15061
15057
15471
12934
Hughes and Thompson, 1 996
Coulsonetal, 1935
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Nemecetal, 1998
Bencko 1972
Obermeyer et al, 1971
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic acid
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
100
100
100
100
100
100
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
2
2
4
3
2
0/0.014/1.4
0/0.21
0/5
0/0.19/0.75/3.0
0/0.88/6.0
0/10
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
NR
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
U
M
U
M
U
U
DR
FD
DR
GV
DR
FD
28
52
42
7
64
4
d
w
mo
d
d
w
96
33-35
21
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
SM
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
F
B
B
F
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
ORW
HIS
HIS
GRS
ORW
ORW
ORWT
GHIS
GHIS
BDWT
ORWT
SMLX
LI
LI
KI
WO
SP
LI
0.0140
0.210
5.0
0.75
0.880
10.0
1.40
3.0
6.00
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
0.0799
0.4700
0.248
4.36
0.03329
0.202
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
0.0049
0.01168
0.02823
0.2303
0.005790
0.01843
0.000859
0.447
0.569
0.750
0.880
0.913
0.0859
3.0
6.00
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
8
5
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
5
10
7
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
4
4
8
8
4
10
1
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
67
69
67
84
73
73
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 2 of 4
Ref
Result #
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Z;
1
14589
14583
14569
15358
2
2
15057
15530
15530
113
14543
14543
7
14580
15011
4
15216
14546
14546
15216
15249
c
1
Tice etal 1997
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Fowler etal., 1977
Fowler and Woods 1 979
Byron etal, 1967
Byron etal, 1967
Nemecetal, 1998
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Garcia- Vargas et al, 1995
Seidenberg et al 1986
Healyetal., 1998
Healyetal., 1998
Schroeder et al, 1968
Mahaffeyetal., 1977
Ghosh etal 1999
Brown etal., 1976
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Carmignani et al 1983
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
6
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Arsenic acid
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
SS
^
57.69
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
45.71
100
100
100
100
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
.1
1
«
H
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Dog (Canisfamiliaris~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Phase #
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
i
i
i
i
i
i
2
1
2
i
# of Cone/ Doses
4
4
4
4
6
6
4
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
1
o
Q
1
o
O
0/2.5/5.0/10.0
0.0/0.88/1.80/2.88
0/20/40/85
0/20/40/85
0/15.63/31.25/62.5/125/250
0/31.25/62.5/125/250/400
0/7.5/24/48
0/20
0/50
0/95
0/6.5/750
0/8.5/827
0/5
0/50
0/0.2/0.4
0/4.7/9.4/10.9
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/50
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
DR
DR
GV
DR
DR
DR
FD
GV
DR
GV
FD
GV
FD
DR
Exposure Duration
4
8
6
6
2
2
6
6
6
5
91
32
1575
10
28
6
20
90
18
90
320
Duration Units
d
w
w
w
yr
yr
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
&
•3
12
8
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
76
76
21-23
NR
35
NR
2
90
2
90
NR
Age Units
w
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
d
NR
d
d
d
d
NR
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
X
<2
M
F
M
M
B
B
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
M
B
NR
B
B
M
Control Type
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
o
H
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
Effect Type
HIS
ORW
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
GRS
ORW
ORW
GRS
ORW
ORW
ORW
GRS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
3
S
^
USTR
SMLX
USTR
USTR
GHIS
GHIS
BDWT
SMLX
SMLX
BDWT
ORWT
ORWT
SMLX
BDWT
SMLX
SMLX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
Response Site
BL
LI
LI
LI
LI
LI
WO
LI
LI
WO
LI
KI
HE
WO
AR
KI
BR
BR
BR
BR
KI
J
H
1
^1
i
s
2.5
2.88
20.0
20.0
62.5
125
24.0
20.0
50.0
95.0
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
5.0
40.0
40.0
125
250
48.0
6.50
8.5
5.0
50.0
0.200
4.70
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
50.0
Body Weight Reported?
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Body Weight in kg
0.0316
10.1
0.325
0.0267
0.4728
0.4652
0.0527
0.0300
0.0300
0.043
0.0316
0.0316
0.4790
0.523
0.056
0.444
0.050
0.2152
0.0313
0.250
0.2670
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.004015
0.4597
0.03600
0.003801
0.03711
0.03662
0.006113
0.0350
0.0240
0.00517
na
na
0.05104
0.01568
0.006426
0.01785
0.005855
0.01943
0.003984
0.02198
0.03016
Result
NOAELDose (mg/kg/day)
1.44
1.66
2.22
2.84
4.91
9.84
24.0
24.6
42.1
43.4
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
2.88
4.43
5.69
9.81
19.7
48.0
0.00650
0.0085
0.533
1.50
2.06
4.70
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.65
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
8
10
5
5
10
10
8
5
5
8
5
5
5
10
8
5
8
10
8
10
5
Test Concentrations
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
10
6
6
6
6
10
7
7
10
6
6
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
6
5
Endpoint
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dose Range
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
86
68
74
74
79
79
86
69
69
78
68
68
68
71
76
68
80
71
80
73
67
Reproduction
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
14556
15057
15125
15057
14543
66
15167
113
Savabieasfahani et al, 1998
Nemecetal, 1998
Moms etal, 1938
Nemecetal, 1998
Healyetal., 1998
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1971
Skalnaya et al, 1996
Seidenberg et al 1986
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic acid
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic acid
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
57.69
100
100
100
100
75.74
56.6
45.71
Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
i
3
1
1
2
i
i
i
3
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
0/0.088/0.15
0/0.19/0.75/3.0
0/450/4100
0/7.5/24/48
0/6.5/750
0/5
0/10
0/95
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
U
M
U
M
U
U
U
U
DR
GV
FD
GV
DR
DR
OR
GV
6
12
340
9
91
6
30
5
w
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
NR
NR
26-27
NR
76
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
d
NR
NR
AD
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
GE
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
TEWT
RSEM
PRWT
PROG
TEWT
PROG
PRWT
PROG
TE
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
0.150
0.750
4100
24.0
3.0
48.0
6.50
5.0
10.0
95.0
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
0.144
4.355
0.549
0.0549
0.0316
0.0225
0.0288
0.043
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
0.01530
0.2303
0.01905
0.006322
na
0.003255
0.003715
0.00517
0.601
0.750
7.47
24.0
3.0
48.0
0.00650
0.548
5.66
43.4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
8
5
5
8
8
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
6
10
7
10
6
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
4
8
4
4
4
4
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
70
92
71
92
74
67
81
86
Growth
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
15160
14603
3701
7
12934
14583
15262
15262
14508
2
15264
15358
14508
15011
14569
15007
15471
15288
15125
15007
4
2
2
20979
3084
15007
15216
Hughes and Thompson, 1 996
Coulsonet al, 1935
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Schroeder et al, 1968
Obermeyer et al, 1971
Neiger and Osweiler 1989
Palmer etal 1983
Palmer etal 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Byron etal, 1967
Schmolke etal 1992
Fowler and Woods 1 979
Franke and Moxon 1937
Ghosh etal 1999
Fowler etal., 1977
Hunder et al, 1999
Bencko 1972
Benese and Bencko, 1981
Moms etal, 1938
Hunder et al, 1999
Brown etal., 1976
Byron etal, 1967
Byron etal, 1967
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 967
Schroeder and Balassa, 1967
Hunder et al, 1999
Nagaraja andDesiraju, 1994
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenite
sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
100
100
100
100
100
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Dog (Canisfamiliaris')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Dog (Canisfamiliaris}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
i
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
3
1
1
2
i
i
i
i
i
i
2
i
2
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
5
3
4
2
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
6
6
2
2
4
2
0/0.014/1.4
0/0.21
0/5
0/5
0/10
0.0/0.88/1.80/2.88
0/16
0/20
0/1.88
0/5/25/50/125
0/15/30
0/20/40/85
0/3.22
0/0.2/0.4
0/20/40/85
0/10/30/60
0/0.88/6.0
0/4.945/49.45/249.4
0/450/4100
0/10/30/60
0/4.7/9.4/10.9
0/31.25/62.5/125/250/400
0/15.63/31.25/62.5/125/250
0/5
0/5
0/10/30/60
0/5
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
GV
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
GV
28
52
519
69
4
8
4
8
100
2
15
6
100
28
6
3
64
32
340
3
6
12
12
338
339
3
20
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
yr
w
w
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
96
33-35
21
21-23
NR
8
NR
NR
28
6
7
NR
28
35
NR
NR
NR
NR
26-27
NR
NR
NR
NR
20-22
21
NR
2
d
d
d
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
d
mo
w
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
d
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
B
B
B
NR
F
M
M
M
B
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
B
M
M
B
F
B
c
c
c
c
c
M
V
V
c
c
M
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
1.40
0.210
5.0
5.0
10.0
1.80
16.0
20.0
1.88
50.0
30.0
20.0
3.22
0.400
40.0
60.0
6.000
49.5
4100
60.0
9.40
125
125
2.88
125
40.0
85.0
249
10.7
250
250
5.0
5.0
10.0
5.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0799
0.4700
0.479
0.4790
0.202
10.1
0.2652
0.3624
0.2874
10.8
0.3250
0.0267
0.2635
0.061
0.325
0.193
0.03329
0.0325
0.549
0.030
0.423
0.4652
0.358
0.0536
0.052
0.305
0.050
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.0049
0.01168
0.05104
0.0280
0.01843
0.4597
0.02308
0.02983
0.01296
0.4858
0.02727
0.003801
0.01109
0.006894
0.03600
0.01777
0.005790
0.004225
0.01905
0.003847
0.01785
0.03662
0.02952
0.007110
0.069189
0.02589
0.005855
0.0859
0.447
0.533
0.571
0.913
1.04
1.39
1.65
1.88
2.25
2.52
2.84
3 22
3.78
4.43
5.52
6.00
6.43
7.47
7.69
9.40
9.84
10.3
1.66
5.62
5.69
9.42
32.4
10.7
19.7
20.6
0.663
0.665
0.844
5.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
8
5
10
5
5
10
10
5
10
10
5
5
10
8
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
6
6
6
10
6
6
10
5
6
6
10
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
10
6
6
6
6
6
10
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
10
4
10
4
4
10
4
4
8
4
4
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
1
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
1
10
1
3
10
1
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
69
74
72
72
77
87
68
68
72
82
68
78
72
73
78
68
73
77
69
68
78
83
83
72
72
77
84
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 3 of 4
Ref
Result #
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Z;
1
14546
14546
15427
15216
11361
15709
15322
25916
c
1
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Nagaraja and Desiraju 1993
Kiyonoetal, 1974
Nagaraja and Desiraju, 1994
Glattreet. al., 1995
Morrison and Chavez, 1983
Biswas etal, 1998
Biswas, et al, 2000
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
6
Arsenic
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
SS
^
100
100
100
100
100
100
57.69
57.69
.1
1
«
H
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Goat (Copra hircus)
Goat (Ovis ones)
Phase #
2
1
1
2
i
i
i
i
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
1
o
Q
1
o
O
0/5
0/5
0/5.0/7.5/10.0
0/5
0/6.36
0/100
0/25.0
0/25
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
FD
DR
OR
Exposure Duration
90
18
10
90
4
2
9
9
Duration Units
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
&
•3
90
2
1
90
NR
21
1
12
Age Units
d
d
d
d
NR
d
yr
mo
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
x
<2
NR
B
M
B
M
B
F
F
Control Type
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
o
H
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
3
S
^
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
J
H
|
^1
i
s
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.36
100
25.0
25.0
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
0.2152
0.0313
0.025
0.250
0.290
5.40
19.6
21.3
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.01943
0.003984
0.003312
0.02198
0.03249
0.5100
1.441
0.8490
Result
NOAELDose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.36
9.44
14.4
14.4
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
8
8
10
5
10
5
8
Test Concentrations
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
Chemical form
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
10
10
6
10
7
10
10
Endpoint
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
75
84
84
77
76
78
76
77
Survival
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
7
15057
15262
15262
14508
2
2
15057
14508
15427
1244
14569
2
2
15057
14590
3084
15322
25916
113
Schroeder et al, 1968
Nemecetal, 1998
Palmer etal 1983
Palmer etal 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Byron etal, 1967
Byron etal, 1967
Nemecetal, 1998
Franke and Moxon 1937
Kiyonoetal, 1974
Cabe, etal., 1979
Fowler etal., 1977
Byron etal, 1967
Byron etal, 1967
Nemecetal, 1998
Trrpathi etal 1997
Schroeder and Balassa, 1967
Biswas et al, 1998
Biswas, et al, 2000
Seidenberg et al 1986
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic acid
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic acid
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic acid
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
57.69
57.69
45.71
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Dog (Canisfamiliaris~)
Dog (Canisfamiliaris)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cwiiculus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Goat (Copra hircus)
Goat (Ovis aries)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
i
3
i
2
1
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
2
2
5
5
6
2
4
2
4
6
6
4
2
2
2
2
2
0/5
0/0.19/0.75/3.0
0/16
0/20
0/1.88
0/5/25/50/125
0/5/25/50/125
0/0.75/2.25/4.5/6.75/9.0
0/3.22
0/5.0/7.5/10.0
0/50
0/20/40/85
0/31.25/62.5/125/250/400
0/15.63/31.25/62.5/125/250
0/7.5/24/48
0/2.56
0/5
0/25.0
0/25
0/95
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
DR
DR
DR
OR
GV
1575
12
4
8
100
13.5
2
12
100
10
18
6
78
2
9
16
519
78
12
5
d
d
w
w
d
mo
yr
d
d
d
w
w
w
yr
d
w
d
d
w
d
21-23
NR
NR
NR
28
6
6
NR
28
1
50
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
1
12
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
mo
mo
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
yr
mo
NR
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
GE
B
F
M
M
M
B
B
F
M
M
M
M
B
B
F
M
M
F
F
F
c
c
V
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
5.0
0.750
16.0
20.0
1.88
50.0
50.0
2.25
3.22
5.0
50.0
85.0
125
125
24.0
2.56
3.0
125
125
4.50
7.5
250
250
48.0
5.0
25.0
25.0
95.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.4790
4.36
0.2652
0.3624
0.2874
10.8
10.8
4.10
0.2635
0.025
0.200
0.260
0.5206
0.4279
0.0527
0.080
0.045
19.6
20.1
0.043
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
0.05104
0.2303
0.02308
0.02983
0.01296
0.4858
0.4858
0.2191
0.01109
0.003312
0.02326
0.02945
0.04017
0.03419
0.006113
0.01020
0.006075
1.441
0.8094
0.00517
0.533
0.750
1.39
1.65
1.88
2.25
2.25
2.25
3.22
5.00
5.81
9.63
9.65
9.99
24.0
32.0
3.00
5.62
5.62
4.50
7.5
19.3
20.0
48.0
0.675
14.4
14.4
43.4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
5
5
10
10
8
5
5
5
8
8
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
6
10
5
5
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
10
7
6
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
8
4
4
4
10
10
10
4
10
4
4
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
73
89
78
69
82
83
83
91
73
91
73
73
84
84
91
74
73
77
78
85
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
15160
3701
757
757
14556
14556
14556
20979
20979
14543
14543
14543
14598
14598
15262
15262
14508
14414
14414
15264
14508
1244
1244
15125
15125
14590
15288
15198
Hughes and Thompson, 1 996
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Mercado andBibby 1973
Mercado andBibby 1973
Savabieasfahani et al, 1998
Savabieasfahani et al, 1998
Savabieasfahani et al, 1998
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 967
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 967
Healyetal., 1998
Healyetal., 1998
Healyetal., 1998
Blakleyetal., 1980
Blakleyetal., 1980
Palmer etal 1983
Palmer etal 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Morgareidge, 1963
Morgareidge, 1963
Schmolke etal 1992
Franke and Moxon 1937
Cabe, etal., 1979
Cabe, etal., 1979
Moms etal, 1938
Moms etal, 1938
Tnpathietal 1997
Benese andBencko, 1981
Cobo etal 1995
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic pentoxide
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite
MO,
100
100
100
100
57.69
57.69
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
57.69
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
37.9
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus )
Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus )
Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
i
i
i
i
2
1
2
2
1
2
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
4
2
0/0.014/1.4
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/0.088/0.15
0/0.088/0.15
0/0.088/0.15
0/5
0/5
0/8.5/827
0/8.5/827
0/8.5/827
0/0.5/2.0/10.0
0/0.5/2.0/10.0
0/16
0/20
0/1.88
0/16
0/16
0/15/30
0/3.22
0/50
0/50
0/450/4100
0/450/4100
0/2.56
0/4.945/49.45/249.4
0/0.295
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/org/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
ug/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/g bw
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
28
1175
50
50
6
6
6
24
518
32
32
32
3
3
4
8
100
4
4
15
100
18
18
340
340
16
32
8
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
mo
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
w
96
21
23
23
NR
NR
NR
20-22
20-22
76
76
76
6
6
NR
NR
28
NR
NR
7
28
50
50
26-27
26-27
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
w
d
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
SM
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
F
B
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
V
c
c
c
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
MOR
PHY
GRO
BIO
GRO
PTH
MOR
PTH
GRO
BEH
GRO
BEH
GRO
PTH
PTH
BIO
BEH
GRO
BEH
BIO
GRO
PTH
BEH
PTH
BEH
BIO
BEH
FOB
MOR
PHY
GRO
CHM
GRO
ORW
MOR
HIS
GRO
FOB
GRO
FOB
GRO
ORW
ORW
CHM
FOB
GRO
FOB
CHM
GRO
ITX
FOB
ORW
FOB
CHM
FOB
WCON
TDTH
GPHY
BDWT
HMGL
BDWT
ORWT
MORT
GHIS
BDWT
WCON
BDWT
WCON
BDWT
ORWT
ORWT
HMGL
FCNS
BDWT
FCNS
HMGL
BDWT
INCO
FCNS
ORWT
WCON
LIPD
WCON
wo
wo
XX
wo
BL
wo
LI
wo
MT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
KI
KI
BL
WO
WO
wo
BL
WO
WO
WO
KI
WO
LI
WO
1.40
5.0
5.0
5.0
0.150
0.150
0.150
5.0
5.0
750
827
827
10.0
10.0
16.0
20.0
1.88
16.0
16.0
30.0
3.22
50.0
50.0
4100
4100
2.56
249
0.295
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0799
0.479
0.2670
0.2670
0.144
0.144
0.144
0.0536
0.0536
0.0316
0.0316
0.0316
0.02857
0.02857
0.2652
0.3624
0.2874
0.1810
0.1810
0.3250
0.2635
0.200
0.200
0.549
0.549
0.080
0.0200
0.338
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
0.0049
0.05104
0.03016
0.03016
0.01530
0.01530
0.01530
0.007110
0.007110
na
na
na
0.00437
0.00437
0.02308
0.02983
0.01296
0.02310
0.02310
0.02727
0.01109
0.02326
0.02326
0.01905
0.01905
0.01020
0.004225
0.03730
0.0859
0.533
0.565
0.565
0.601
0.601
0.601
0.663
0.672
0.750
0.827
0.827
0.882
0.882
1.39
1.65
1.88
2.04
2.04
2.52
•7 22
5.81
5.81
7.47
7.47
32.0
32.4
112
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
6
5
5
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
10
7
7
6
10
6
6
7
7
7
7
10
4
9
4
8
1
8
4
9
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
4
1
4
8
4
1
8
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
1
1
1
10
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
6
10
10
10
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
3
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
65
64
58
62
62
60
63
64
59
63
59
63
56
65
64
64
65
58
62
64
65
63
59
65
65
62
57
56
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Arsenic
Page 4 of 4
Ref
"3
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
Z;
15160
14543
14570
14556
14569
15397
15358
15324
15033
14543
14543
14593
15198
c
Hughes and Thompson, 1 996
Healyetal., 1998
Fuentesetal., 1981
Savabieasfahani et al, 1998
Fowler etal., 1977
Schiller et al, 1977
Fowler and Woods 1 979
Schiller etal 1981
Chaudhuri et al, 1999
Healyetal., 1998
Healyetal., 1998
Valdonenetal., 1983
Coboetal 1995
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
S
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Arsenic trioxide
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsonate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenate heptahydrate
Sodium arsenite
AS203
100
100
61.01
57.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
37.9
.1
I
H
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Phase #
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
i
i
# of Cone/ Doses
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
o
Q
1
o
O
0/0.014/1.4
0/8.5/827
0/4/12
0/0.088/0.15
0/20/40/85
0/20/40/85
0/20/40/85
0/40
0/0.05/0.10/0.30/3.0
0/8.5/827
0/8.5/827
0/0.1
0/0.295
Cone/Dose Units
mg/L
ug/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
g/L
ug/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
g/L
mg/g bw
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
>^
c
3
C
^o
«
"E.
Q.
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
Exposure Duration
28
32
3
4
6
3
6
3
40
32
32
11
8
'5
c
o
n
d
d
mo
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
&
•3
96
76
45
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
4
76
76
3
NR
Age Units
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
d
d
mo
NR
Lifestage
SM
JV
JV
AD
JV
AD
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
x
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Control Type
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
o
H
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
BIO
BIO
BIO
BEH
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BEH
BIO
BIO
Effect Type
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
FOB
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
FOB
ENZ
CHM
3
TRIG
GENZ
CCOX
FCNS
MAOA
GENZ
MAOA
ALPH
GLRE
GENZ
WCON
ACHE
GLUC
Response Site
PL
TE
LI
WO
LI
LI
LI
UR
BR
TE
WO
NE
BL
H
Z;
^i
i
a
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
0.0140
8.50
4.0
0.0880
20.0
20.0
20.0
40.0
0.0500
6.5
6.5
0.100
0.295
Body Weight Reported?
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
0.0793
0.0316
0.204
0.144
0.340
0.2650
0.0267
0.510
0.1100
0.0316
0.0316
0.313
0.338
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.0049
na
0.02368
0.01530
0.03749
0.02996
0.003801
0.05401
0.01358
na
na
0.03480
0.03730
Result
^
BJD
^S_
H
Z;
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
0.00086
0.00850
0.283
0.353
2.22
2.26
2.84
4.24
6.50
6.5
6.5
11.1
112
Data Evaluation Score
3
C3
fi
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
7
6
5
7
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
10
Endpoint
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
BJD
C
1
n
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
Exposure Duration
6
10
10
6
10
6
10
3
10
10
10
10
3
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
o
H
62
65
64
65
65
61
65
57
65
65
59
65
62
•ailable from Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
Eco-SSLfor Arsenic
March 2005
------- |