Ecological Soil Screening Levels
for
Manganese
Interim Final
OSWER Directive 9285.7-71
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
April 2007
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR MANGANESE 2
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS 4
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES 4
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE 7
5.1 Avian TRV 7
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL K)
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE 10
6.1 Mammalian TRV 10
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL 1_3
7.0 REFERENCES 15
7.1 General Manganese References !_5
7.2 References for Plants and Soil Invertebrates 16.
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Deriving Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
16
7.4 References Used in Deriving Wildlife TRVs 35.
7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV 40
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Manganese Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) 3.
Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Manganese 5.
Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Manganese 6
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) -
Manganese 8
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Manganese K)
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value
(TRV) - Manganese 11
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Manganese 1_3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Typical Background Concentrations of Manganese in U.S. Soils 2
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Manganese 9
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Manganese 14
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Manganese
Appendix 6-1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Manganese
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) are concentrations of contaminants in soil that are
protective of ecological receptors that commonly come into contact with and/or consume biota
that live in or on soil. Eco-SSLs are derived separately for four groups of ecological receptors:
plants, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals. As such, these values are presumed to provide
adequate protection of terrestrial ecosystems. Eco-SSLs are derived to be protective of the
conservative end of the exposure and effects species distribution, and are intended to be applied at
the screening stage of an ecological risk assessment. These screening levels should be used to
identify the contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) that require further evaluation in the
site-specific baseline ecological risk assessment that is completed according to specific guidance
(U.S. EPA, 1997, 1998, and 1999). The Eco-SSLs are not designed to be used as cleanup levels
and the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that it would be
inappropriate to adopt or modify the intended use of these Eco-SSLs as national cleanup
standards.
The detailed procedures used to derive Eco-SSL values are described in separate documentation
(U.S. EPA, 2003, 2005). The derivation procedures represent the collaborative effort of a
multi-stakeholder group consisting of federal, state, consulting, industry, and academic
participants led by what is now the U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER).
This document provides the Eco-SSL values for manganese and the documentation for their
derivation. This document provides guidance and is designed to communicate national policy on
identifying manganese concentrations in soil that may present an unacceptable ecological risk to
terrestrial receptors. The document does not, however, substitute for EPA's statutes or
regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally-binding requirements on
EPA, states, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon
the circumstances of the site. EPA may change this guidance in the future, as appropriate. EPA
and state personnel may use and accept other technically sound approaches, either on their own
initiative, or at the suggestion of potentially responsible parties, or other interested parties.
Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of this
document and the appropriateness of the application of this document to a particular situation.
EPA welcomes public comments on this document at any time and may consider such comments
in future revisions of this document.
Eco-SSL for Manganese 1 April 2007
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2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR MANGANESE
Manganese is one of the most abundant trace elements in the lithosphere and is widely distributed
in the environment in over 100 minerals, including various sulfides, oxides, carbonates, silicates,
phosphates, and borates (ATSDR, 1998; HSDB). The most common manganese minerals include
pyrolusite (manganese dioxide), romanechite, manganite (manganese (III) oxide), and
hausmannite (manganese (II, III) oxide)(ATSDR, 1998; HSDB).
The principal uses of manganese are in the manufacturing of steel and alloys (ferromanganese and
copper manganese)(Budvari,1996; HSDB). Manganese compounds may also be released to the
environment through their use in batteries, electrical coils, ceramics, matches, glass, dyes,
fertilizers (manganese sulfate), oxidizing agents, antiseptics (potassium permanganate), catalysts
(manganous acetate), pesticides (potassium permanganate), pigments (manganese sulfate),
antiknock agents (methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl), and as animal food additives
(manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate). Other important anthropogenic sources of manganese
include industrial emissions, combustion of fossil fuels, and landfills (Klaassen et al., 1995;
Pisarczyk, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Reidies, 1990; Ashford, 1994; ATSDR, 1998; HSDB).
Manganese compounds are important
soil constituents. In soils, redox
reactions affect the sorption of
manganese compounds which in turn
have a considerable effect on soil
properties such as cation exchange
(Kabata-Pendias, 1992). Background
concentrations reported for many
metals in U.S. soils are described in
Attachment 1-4 of the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003). Typical
background concentrations of
manganese in U.S. soils are plotted in
Figure 2.1 for both eastern and
western U.S. soils.
•a
1800
1600 -
1400 -
1200 -
1000 -
A 800 -
=
o
U
600 -
400 -
200 -
X
X
East
West
Figure 2.1
Maximum
95th
T
5th Percentile
Typical Background
Concentrations of
Manganese in U.S. Soils
Manganese is multi-valent and can
exist in the 2+, 3+, 4+, 6+, and 7+ oxidation states, with 2+, 3+, and 4+ being
the dominant oxidation states in the environment. Manganese 2+ is the most
stable oxidation state in water while manganese 3+ and 4+ compounds are
immobile solids. Organic matter may reduce manganese 3+ and 4+
compounds, resulting in the formation of soluble manganese 2+ compounds.
Insoluble manganese compounds are formed under aerobic conditions, and soluble compounds
are formed under anaerobic conditions from reduction reactions by microorganisms. Soluble
manganese compounds are relatively mobile and may leach into surface or ground water (Bodek
et al. 1988; HSDB). Soluble manganese is released from soil through ion exchange when
replaced by more strongly binding metals such as copper, zinc, or nickel (Bodek et al., 1988;
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
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HSDB). Reducing soil pH and soil aeration increases the solubility of manganese in the soil
(WHO 1981; HSDB). In soils, manganese is known to interact with a handful of other elements.
Most prominently, manganese is observed to interfere with the availability of cobalt to plants
from soils via a strong affinity of manganese oxides to native cobalt. Also, in acidic soils that
contain a large amount of manganese, iron absorption by plants can be affected. Interactions also
are known to occur between manganese and other heavy metals including cadmium, lead, zinc,
and phosphorous (ATSDR, 1998; HSDB).
Manganese is an essential nutrient for both plants and animals. In animals, manganese is
associated with growth, normal functioning of the central nervous system, and reproductive
function. Specifically, manganese is associated with the formation of connective tissue and bone,
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and embryonic development of the inner ear (WHO, 1981;
HSDB). Manganese deficiency in animals is demonstrated by a reduced growth rate, skeletal
abnormalities and abnormal reproductive function (NAP, 1980). Manganese nutritional
requirements and typical concentrations in animal feed are discussed in Attachment 4-3 of the
Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003). High levels of manganese may produce neurotoxic
responses such as hypoactivity, nervousness, tremors, and ataxia. Other reported effects include
liver damage and decreased growth (Clayton and Clayton, 1981-82;1993-94; Venugopal and
Luckey, 1978; HSDB).
Manganese is essential in plant nutrition for the oxidation-reduction process. Specifically,
manganese participates in the oxygen-evolving system of photosynthesis and in the
photosynthetic electron transport system. In the soluble form, manganese is easily taken up from
soils by plants and is rapidly translocated throughout the plant. Manganese deficient plants
exhibit decreased growth, interveinal chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and browning of roots.
Manganese toxicity is demonstrated in plants by iron chlorosis, leaf puckering, necrotic brown
spots, and an uneven distribution of cholorphyll in older leaves (Kabata-Pendias, 1992).
The Eco-SSL values derived to date for manganese are summarized in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Manganese Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil)
Plants
220
Soil Invertebrates
450
Wildlife
Avian
4,300
Mammalian
4,000
Eco-SSL values were derived for all receptor groups. The Eco-SSL values for manganese range
from 220 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for plants to 4,300 mg/kg dw for avian wildlife. The Eco-SSL
for plants is less than the 5th percentile of reported background soil concentrations of manganese
in western U.S. soils and less than the 50th percentile for eastern U.S. soils (Figure 2.1). The Eco-
SSL for soil invertebrates is less than the 50th percentile for western U.S. soils and less than the
75th percentile for eastern U.S. soils (Figure 2.1). The Eco-SSLs for avian and mammalian
wildlife are higher than reported range of background concentrations in both western and eastern
U.S. soils.
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
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3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 407 papers were selected for
acquisition for further review. Of those papers acquired, 20 met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria
(U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers were reviewed and the studies were
scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). Six study results
received an Evaluation Score greater than ten (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-1). These studies
are listed in Table 3.1.
The studies in Table 3.1 are sorted by bioavailability score. There are four studies eligible for
Eco-SSL derivation. These results are used to derive the plant Eco-SSL for manganese (U.S.
EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). The Eco-SSL is the geometric mean of the maximum acceptable
toxicant concentration (MATC) values for three species under different test conditions (pH and %
organic matter (OM)) and is equal to 220 mg/kg dw.
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 18 papers were selected for acquisition
for further review. Of those papers acquired, three met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S.
EPA 2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers were reviewed and the studies were scored
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). Three studies received an
Evaluation Score greater than ten. These studies are listed in Table 4.1 and were used to derive
the soil invertebrate Eco-SSL for manganese (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). The Eco-SSL is
the geometric mean of the EC20 values for three test species under different test conditions (pH
and OM%) and is equal to 450 mg/kg dw. The studies reported in Table 4.1 were completed
specifically for the purpose of Eco-SSL derivation. These studies were conducted under
conditions of high bioavailability and represent conservative estimates of toxicity.
Eco-SSL for Manganese 4 April 2007
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Manganese
Reference
Reid, 1965
Reid, 1965
Rehab and Wallace, 1978
Foy et al., 1998
IP
Number
55992
55992
46710
11629
Test Organism
Barley
Barley
Cotton
Nile grass
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare
Gossypium spp.
Heroceras macrum
Soil pH
4.6
7.3
6.6
4.62-5.16
OM%
0.78
0.78
2.4
0.017-4.24
Bio-
availability
Score
2
1
1
1
ERE
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Tox
Parameter
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
Geometric Mean
Tox Value-
Soil Cone.
(mg/kg dw)
71
71
707
707
220
Total
Evaluation
Score
16
15
14
11
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Used for
Eco-SSL?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Data Not Used to Derive Plant Eco-SSL
Korcak, 1988
Gonzalez and Lynch, 1999
13731
18987
Highbush Blueberry
Common bean
Vaccinium corymbosum
Phaseolus vulgaris
4.1
5.4
1.8
1.9
2
2
GRO
REP
NOAEC
LOAEC
1.5
80
16
15
N
N
N
N
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
GRO = Growth
LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration
MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration. Geometric mean of NOAEC and LOAEC.
N = No
NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration
OM = Organic matter content
REP = Reproduction
Y = yes
Bioavailability Score described mGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described mGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
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Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Manganese
Reference
Kuperman et al., 2002
Phillips etal., 2002
Simini et al., 2002
IP
62344
62345
62343
Test Organism
Potworm
Springtail
Earthworm
Enchytmeus crypticus
Folsomia Candida
Eiseniafetida
Soil pH
4.86-5.39
4.56-5.29
4.58-5.29
OM%
1.2
1.2
1.2
Bio-
availability
Score
2
2
2
ERE
REP
REP
REP
Tox
EC2o
EC20
EC2o
Geometric Mean
Tox Value
(Soil Cone at
mg/kg dw)
116
1209
629
450
Total
Evaluation
Score
17
18
16
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
Y
Y
Eco-SSL9
Y
Y
Y
EC2o = Effect concentration for 20% of test population
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
OM = Organic matter content
REP = Reproduction
Y = Yes
Bioavailability Score described inGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S.EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described inGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April2007
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5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the toxicity
reference value (TRV) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three
surrogate species representing different trophic levels based on the wildlife exposure model and
the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003).
5.1 Avian TRV
The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment
4-1) identified 3,618 papers with possible toxicity data for either avian or mammalian species.
Of these studies, 3,539 were rejected for use as described in Section 7.5. Of the remaining
studies, 21 contained data for avian test species. These papers were reviewed and the data were
extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-
4). The results of the data extraction and review are provided as Table 5.1. The complete results
are included as Appendix 5-1.
Within the reviewed papers, there are 40 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH),
physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR)
effects that meet the Data Evaluation Score of >65 for use to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 5.1. The no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) results for growth and
reproduction are used to calculate a geometric mean. This result is examined in relationship to
the lowest bounded lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for reproduction, growth, and
survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth was calculated at 179 mg
manganese/kg bw/day. This value is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction,
growth, or survival. Therefore, the TRV is equal to the geometric mean of the NOAEL values for
reproduction and growth and is equal to 179 mg manganese/kg bw/day.
Eco-SSL for Manganese 1 April 2007
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Table 5.1
Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
*
"3
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
Bioc
1
2
3
4
5
6
Martinez and Diaz, 1996
Southern and Baker, 1983
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Edens and Laskey, 1990
5345
6363
8426
6363
6363
7710
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
ft of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
Q
DJD
<:
Age Units
Lifestage
X
*
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose'
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose'
(mg/kg bw/day)
"«
£
hemical (BIO)
4
4
2
4
4
2
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
14
14
10
14
14
10
d
d
w
d
d
w
i
14
1
7
7
0
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
M
M
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HMGL
HMGL
TSTR
HMGL
HMGL
GLUC
BL
BL
SR
BL
BL
SR
199
347
575
398
434
261
264
674
77
76
67
70
70
69
Behavior (BEH)
7
8
9
10
Martinez and Diaz, 1996
Black et al., 1985
Black et al, 1984
Laskey and Edens, 1985
5345
6195
6305
8426
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
4
4
4
2
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
42
3
21
75
d
w
d
d
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
FDB
FDB
FDB
FDB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WO
WO
WO
WO
29.3
128
202
575
58.6
192
80
80
74
68
Physiology (PHY)
11
12
Black et al, 1984
Brown and Southern, 1985
6305
6215
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
4
2
U
U
FD
FD
21
14
d
d
1
4
d
d
JV
JV
M
M
PHY
PHY
FDCV
FDCV
WO
WO
217
110
73
73
Pathology (PTH)
13
14
Halpin et al, 1986
Laskey and Edens, 1985
6054
8426
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
3
2
U
U
GV
FD
14
70
d
d
8
1
d
d
JV
JV
M
M
ORW
ORW
ORWT
ORWT
TB
LI
67.0
575
67
77
Reproduction (REP)
15
16
17
Sazzad et al, 1994
Sazzad et al, 1994
Laskey and Edens, 1985
5474
5474
8426
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
2
2
2
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
12
12
75
w
w
d
23
23
1
w
w
d
LB
LB
JV
F
F
M
REP
REP
REP
PROG
PROG
TEWT
WO
WO
TE
191
202
575
70
70
81
Growth (GRO)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Spulkamy et al, 1976
Settle et al, 1969
Wedekind and Baker, 1990
Halpin et al, 1986
Henry et al., 1986
Baker and Halpin, 1991
De Rosa et al, 1980
Brown and Southern, 1985
Black et al., 1985
Black et al, 1984
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Martinez and Diaz, 1996
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Vohra and Kratzer, 1968
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Leeson and Summers, 1982
6772
7191
5728
6054
6087
5700
44196
6215
6195
6305
5788
5788
5345
6382
6363
14404
6363
6363
6363
8426
2196
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
5
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
9
4
4
4
2
5
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
4
14
14
21
14
1
14
3
21
21
21
14
14
14
21
14
14
14
75
21
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
1
1
8
8
1
8
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
NR
7
7
7
1
1
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
NR
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
B
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
23.1
24.3
50.2
67.0
71.8
87.7
97.6
110
197
202
213
213
215
252
261
302
435
437
439
575
1120
431
348
356
69
68
67
71
68
68
71
77
69
74
67
67
84
68
83
82
68
68
68
81
68
Survival (MOR)
39
40
Black et al., 1984
Vohra and Kratzer, 1968
6252
14404
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
4
9
U
U
FD
FD
26
21
d
d
4
NR
d
NR
JV
JV
B
B
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
216
356
72
68
B = both; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BIO = biochemical; BL = blood; bw = body weight; CHM = chemical changes; d = day; DR = drinking water; ENZ =
enyzme level changes; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FDB = feeding behavior; FDCV = food conversion efficiency; GLUC = glucose; GRO = growth; GV =
gavage; HIS = histological changes; HMGL = hemoglobin; ITX = intoxication; JV = juvenile; kg = kilograms; LB = egg laying bird; LI = liver; LOAEL = lowest observed adverse
effect level; mg = milligrams; mo = months; M = male; M = measured; MOR = effects on mortality and survival; MORT = mortality; NOAEL = No Observed Advese Effect Level;
NR = Not reported; OR = other oral; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight changes; OTHR = Other; PHY = physiology; PROG = progeny counts/numbers; PTH =
pathology; REP = reproduction; SR = serum; TB = tibia; TE = testes; TEWT = testes weight; TSTR = testosterone; U = unmeasured; UX = measured but values not reported; w =
weeks; WCON = water consumption; WO = whole organism; yr = year.
*NOAEL and LOAEL values that are equal and from the same reference represent different experimental designs.
These are designated with different Phase numbers in Appendix 5.1.
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
April 2007
-------
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Manganese
03
•a 1000
I
O
O
Geometric mean of NOAEL values
for effects on reproduction and
growth = 179
]
10
Biochemical (BIO)
Behavior (BEH)
Physiology (PHY) Pathology (PTH) Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Mortality (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL • BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL PHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL •REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OGRO-NOAEL OGRO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL OMOR-LOAEL
Lowest-Ob served Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study when joined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Wildlife TRV Derivation Process
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are at least three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 179 mg manganese/kg bw/d and is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival (MOR) effect groups.
4) The avian wildlife TRV for manganese is equal to 179 mg manganese /kg bw/day which is the geometric mean of NOAEL values for effects on reproduction and growth.
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
April 2007
-------
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for avian wildlife, one for each of three surrogate
receptor species representing different trophic levels. The avian Eco-SSLs were calculated
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003) and are summarized in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Manganese
Surrogate Receptor
Group
Avian herbivore
(dove)
Avian ground
insectivore
(woodcock)
Avian carnivore
(hawk)
TRY for
Manganese
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
179
179
179
Food Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg bw/d)
0.190
0.214
0.0353
Soil Ingestion
as Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.139
0.164
0.057
Concentration of
Manganese in Biota
Type (i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
Bj = 0.079 * Soi^
where i = plants
ln(Bj) = 0.682 *
In(Soili)- 0.809
where i = earthworms
Bt = 0.0205 * Soi^
where i = mammals
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)4
4300
4300
65000
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 HQ = [FIR * (Soilj * Ps + Bj)] / TRY solved for HQ=1 where Soilj = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for mammalian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the
TRY was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three surrogate receptor
species based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRY (U.S. EPA, 2003).
6.1 Mammalian TRV
The literature search was completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) and identified 3,618 papers with possible toxicity data for manganese for either
avian or mammalian species. Of these studies, 3,539 were rejected for use as described in
Section 7.5. Of the remaining papers, 58 contained data for mammalian test species. These
papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance
(U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are
summarized in Table 6.1. The complete results are provided as Appendix 6-1.
Eco-SSL for Manganese
10
April 2007
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 1 of2
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
tt of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAELDose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
3
o
H
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Deskin, etal, 1980
Mohamedetal, 1986
Bhootetal, 1981
Lipe, etal, 1999
BomllaandPrasad, 1984
KonturandFechter, 1985
Lipe, etal, 1999
Cunningham et al, 1966
Desole, etal, 1995
Rehnberg et al, 1980
Laskeyetal, 1985
Reid, etal, 1947
Svensson et al, 1985
Sethetal, 1977
Magouretal, 1983
Derevenco et al, 1988
Hartman et al., 1955
Halacheva andNikolova, 1975
Desole, etal, 1995
Hastings and Llewellyn, 1987
Kristensson et al, 1986
Rana et. al, 1985
BomllaandDiez-Ewald, 1974
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Bomlla, 1978
Chandra and Shukla, 1981
Bomlla, 1980
34921
36002
35470
33403
35707
36045
33403
14461
33573
57
34755
14471
34740
34791
34849
1282
14465
35114
33573
34586
34674
13236
35173
33786
33786
33786
33786
34677
34922
35583
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Water buffalo (Bubalus carabanensis )
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cuttle (Bos taurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
GV
FD
FD
GV
DR
GV
GV
FD
GV
GV
GV
FD
GV
GV
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
GV
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
24
90
66
30
8
21
30
100
7
20
21
5
20
30
3
13
11
60
7
10
12
30
7
100
100
100
100
2
15
1
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
mo
d
mi
1
13-19
1
90
NR
1
30
10
20
1
0
NR
2
NR
3
NR
66-69
NR
3
NR
3
90
NR
6
6
6
6
NR
NR
NR
d
mo
yr
d
NR
d
d
w
mo
d
d
NR
d
NR
w
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
d
d
NR
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
LC
JV
LC
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
F
M
M
B
M
M
M
B
M
F
B
F
F
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HRM
HRM
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
HRM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
GHRM
CALC
HMGL
TTAA
NORE
DOPA
TTAA
HMGL
DOPA
HMGL
TSTR
CALC
CALC
SCDH
PRTL
GENZ
HMGL
ATPT
DOPA
CHOL
GHRM
GLYC
DOPA
RBCE
TWBC
RBCE
TWBC
GENZ
TYRO
GENZ
BR
SR
BL
BR
BR
BR
BR
BL
BR
BL
SR
PL
SR
BR
BR
BR
BL
BR
BR
SR
BR
LI
BR
BL
BL
BL
BL
BR
SR
BR
1.00
1.81
7.05
10.0
11.4
13.8
20.0
24.2
43.7
71.0
71.0
84.8
129
10.0
20.0
114
48.3
87.3
214
4.17
6.60
8.60
36.7
75.0
87.3
120
150
250
255
262
270
284
284
492
533
1224
81
66
69
79
69
70
75
77
79
81
73
67
68
77
69
74
69
77
77
69
77
77
66
71
71
66
71
66
66
66
Behavior (BEH)
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Gershbe in etal 1983
Bhootetal, 1981
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Black etal, 1985
KonturandFechter, 1985
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Gaillard, et al, 1996
Derevenco et al, 1988
Bomlla, 1984
All etal., 1981
Black etal, 1985
Nachtman et al, 1986
Chandra, 1983
Bomlla, 1978
136
35470
14461
35824
14461
35824
35826
34752
33786
33786
33786
33511
1282
34806
34892
35826
34669
34850
34677
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Cuttle (Bos taurus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
2
3
4
5
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
4
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
OR
DR
DR
DR
80
66
84
84
100
84
21
21
100
100
100
11
13
1
90
7
5
30
2
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
mo
d
d
w
d
mo
44
1
10
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
6
6
6
3
NR
NR
40
NR
6
NR
NR
d
yr
w
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
d
NR
w
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
M
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
BEH
BEH
FOB
NMVM
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GBHV
ACTV
RSPT
FCNS
ACTV
AGGT
FCNS
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
5.89
7.05
21.7
59.4
73.8
112
151
162
262
270
284
554
65.0
119
223
226
271
8.60
11.4
24.3
76.0
109
114
492
66
74
80
80
74
80
80
75
67
70
70
69
77
68
67
77
68
68
69
Physiology (PHY)
50
51
52
Black etal, 1985
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
35824
14461
35824
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
5
4
4
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
84
100
84
d
d
d
NR
10
NR
NR
w
NR
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
wo
wo
wo
31.6
73.8
112
63.2
223
80
74
80
Pathology (PTH)
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Kayongo-Male etal, 1977
Deskin etal, 1981
Rehnberg et al, 1980
Svensson et al, 1985
Derevenco et al, 1988
Chandra and Imam, 1973
Wassermann and Wassermann, 1977
Rana et. al, 1985
34702
34921
57
34740
1282
14460
35046
13236
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Guinea pig (Caviidae cavia )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
2
4
4
2
3
2
2
2
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
GV
GV
GV
FD
GV
DR
GV
10
24
11
20
13
30
10
30
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
NR
1
1
2
NR
NR
2
90
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
mo
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
B
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
HIS
ORW
GHIS
SMLX
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
NCRO
GHIS
SMLX
BO
BR
BR
TB
BR
IN
LI
LI
1.85
20.0
21.0
129
71.0
8.60
10.0
22.9
250
68
78
84
71
77
80
67
80
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 2 of2
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
tt of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose*
(mg/kg bw/day)
3
o
H
Reproduction (REP)
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Grummer, etal, 1950
Rehnberg et al, 1980
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
Pappas, etal, 1997
Kontur and Fechter, 1985
Laskey et al, 1982
Leung, etal, 1982
Becker and McCollum, 1938
Batamehetal., 1998
Laskey et al, 1985
14464
57
35143
35143
35143
35143
33496
34752
56
34895
14459
1717
34755
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
2
4
5
5
5
5
3
4
4
3
5
2
2
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
GV
GV
GV
GV
GV
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
DR
GV
124
20
9
12
9
4
30
21
43
26
730
12
21
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
9
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0
w
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
GE
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
AD
JV
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
PROG
RHIS
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PRWT
PRWT
PRWT
PRWT
TEDG
TEWT
TEWT
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
TE
TE
TE
2.83
21.0
78.3
112
125
136
153
276
291
1069
1996
71.0
620
415
2139
26.4
71.0
71
90
77
77
77
77
82
81
78
79
77
67
86
Growth (GRO)
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
Ivan and Grieve, 1975
Mohamedetal, 1986
Svajgretal., 1969
Grummer, etal, 1950
Gershbe in etal 1983
Bhootetal, 1981
Lee and Johnson, 1988
Kontur and Fechter, 1985
Leibholz et al, 1962
Lipe, etal, 1999
Deskinetal, 1981
Rehnberg et al, 1980
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Laskey et al, 1985
Cunningham et al, 1966
USD A, 1973
Leibholz et al, 1962
Nachtman et al, 1986
Black etal, 1985
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
Kontur and Fechter, 1985
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Johnson and Kies, 1987
Gaillard, et al, 1996
Lipe, etal, 1999
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
34990
36002
34656
14464
136
35470
34504
36045
14468
33403
34921
57
14461
35824
34755
14461
35143
14468
34669
35824
35143
35143
35143
34752
33786
33786
34574
33511
33403
33786
33786
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Water buffalo (Bubalus carabanensis )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cuttle (Bos taurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cuttle (Bos taurus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
5
2
4
5
6
2
4
5
5
5
4
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
GV
GV
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
DR
FD
GV
GV
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
FD
10
90
84
124
80
66
2
21
10
30
24
5
84
84
21
100
9
6
65
84
12
9
4
21
100
100
56
11
24
30
30
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
22-28
13-19
NR
NR
44
1
NR
1
2
30
1
1
10
NR
0
10
NR
2
6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
6
6
NR
3
90
6
6
w
mo
NR
NR
d
yr
NR
d
w
d
d
d
w
NR
d
w
mo
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
NR
w
d
w
w
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
M
M
B
B
M
F
B
B
B
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
F
B
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
1.30
1.86
2.74
2.83
5.89
7.05
7.37
13.8
14.4
20.0
20.0
21.0
21.7
59.4
71.0
73.8
78.3
86.3
102
112
112
125
136
162
262
270
394
554
144
71.0
65.0
119
223
271
10.0
284
284
68
73
69
69
68
71
68
75
81
75
75
88
84
84
84
69
75
68
72
84
75
75
75
79
69
69
68
73
80
73
78
Survival (MOR)
105
106
107
108
109
Rehnberg et al, 1980
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
57
35143
35143
35143
35143
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
4
5
5
5
5
u
u
u
u
u
GV
GV
GV
GV
GV
17
9
12
9
4
d
d
d
d
d
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
B
F
F
F
F
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
21.0
78.3
112
125
136
71.0
89
76
85
85
80
ACTV = activity, general; AGGT = agression; ATPT = adenosine triphosphate; B = both; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BIO = biochemical; BL = blood; BO = bone;
BR = brain; bw = body weight; CALC = calcium; CHM = chemical changes; CHOL = cholesterol; CRKI = creatine kinase; d = day; DOPA = dopamine; DR = drinking water; ENZ =
enyzme level changes; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FDB = feeding behavior; FDCV = food conversion efficiency; GBHV = general behavioral changes; GCHM =
general biochemical changes; GE = gestation; GENZ = general enzyme changes; GGRO = general growth; GHIS = general histology; GHRM = general hormona changes; GLYC = glycine;
GRO = growth; GV = gavage; HIS = histologica changes; HMGL = hemoglobin; IN = intestinal tract; ITX = intoxication; JV = juvenile; kg = kilograms; LC = lactation; LI = liver;
LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; mg = milligrams; mo = months; M = male; M = measured; MOR = effects on mortality and survival; NCRO = necrosis; NMVM = number
of movements; NOAEL = No Observed Advese Effect Level; NORE = norephinephrine; NR = Not reported; OR = other oral; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight
changes; OTHR = Other; PHY = physiology; PL = plasma; PROG = progeny counts/numbers; PRTL = protein, tota ; PRWT = progeny weight; PTH = pathology; RBCE = red blood cell
count; REP = reproduction; RHIS = reproductive organ histology; RSPT = response time to stimulus; SCDH = succinate dehydrogenase; SK = skin; SM = sexually mature; SMTX = weight
relative to body weight; SP = spleen; SR = serum; SURV = survival; TB = tibia; TE = testes; TEDG = testes degeneration; TEWT = testes weight; TSTR = testosterone; TTAA = amino
acids, total; TWBC = white blood cell count, total; TYRO = tyrosine; U = unmeasured; UX = measured but values not reported; w = weeks; WCON = water consumption; WO = whole
organism; yr = year.
*NOAEL and LOAEL values that are equal and from the same reference represent different experimental designs.
These are designated with different Phase numbers in Appendix 5.1.
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
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Within the reviewed papers there are 109 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH),
physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR)
endpoints with a total Data Evaluation Score >65 that were used to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA
2003; Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 6.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 6.1. The NOAEL results for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a
geometric mean NOAEL. This geometric mean is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded
LOAEL for reproduction, growth, and survival to derive the TRV according to the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA 2003; Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth was calculated at 51.5 mg
manganese/kg bw/day. This value is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction,
growth, or mortality results. Therefore, the TRV is equal to the geometric mean of the NOAEL
values for reproduction and growth and is equal to 51.5 mg manganese/kg bw/day.
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for mammalian wildlife, one for each of three
surrogate receptor groups representing different trophic levels. The mammalian Eco-SSLs
derived for manganese were calculated according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5) and are summarized in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Manganese
Surrogate Receptor
Group
Mammalian
herbivore (vole)
Mammalian ground
insectivore (shrew)
Mammalian
carnivore (weasel)
TRV for
Manganese
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
51.5
51.5
51.5
Food Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.0875
0.209
0.130
Soil Ingestion as
Proportion of
Diet (Ps)2
0.032
0.030
0.043
Concentration of
Manganese in Biota
Type (i)2-3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
Bi = 0.079 * Soilj
where i = plants
ln(Bj) = 0.682 *
ln(Soi]j) - 0.809
where i = earthworms
Bi = 0.0205 * Soi^
where i = mammals
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)4
5300
4000
6200
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 HQ = [FIR * (Soilj * Ps + BJ)] / TRV solved for HQ=1 where Soilj = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
Eco-SSL for Manganese
13
April 2007
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Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Manganese
Physiology (PHY) Pathology (PTH)
Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Mortality (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL »BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL PHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OORO-NOAEL ORO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEL
Wildlife TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study when joined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 51.5 mg manganese/kg bw/d and is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival (MOR) effect groups.
4) The mammalian wildlife TRV for manganese is equal to 51.5 mg Mn/kg bw/day which is the geometric mean of NOAEL values within the reproduction and growth effect groups.
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
14
April 2007
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7.0 REFERENCES
7.1 General Manganese References
Ashford, R. D. 1994. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publ, Ltd pp.
550.
ATSDR. 1998. Toxicological Profile for Manganese (Draftfor Public Comment). Research Triangle Institute
205-93-0606 pp. 129-31 (1998)
Bodek, I. et al. (eds.). 1988. Environmental Inorganic Chemistry. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
Budavari, S. (ed). 1996. The Merck Index. 12th Edition. Whitehouse Station, New Jersey: Merck & Co., Inc. p.
444-449.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.) 1981-82. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C:
Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons.
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) 1993-94. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D,
2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Hazardous Substances Database (HSBD). http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. National Library of Medicine.
Kabata-Pendias, A. and H. Pendias. 1992. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 365
P-
Klaassen, C.D., M.O. Amdur, and Doull J. (eds.). 1995. Casarett andDoull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of
Poisons. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Pisarczyk, K. 1995. Kirk-Othmer Encycl Chem Technol. 4th ed. NY, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Lewis R.J. 1997. (ed) Hawley's Condensed Chem Diet. 13th ed NY, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Reidies, A.H. 1990. Ullmann's EncyclIndust Chem 5th ed. Gerhartz W, ed. Weinheim, Germany.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2003. Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil
Screening Levels. November. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency and Remedial Response. OSWER Directive
92857-55. Revised February 2005.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1999. Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk
Management Principles for Superfund Sites. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9285.7-28.P.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. Risk
Assessment Forum. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April. May 14,
1998 Federal Register 63(93): 26846-26924.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1997. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. Interim Final. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Response Team (Edison, NJ). June 5, 1997.
Venugopal, B. and Luckey, T. D. 1978. Metal Toxicity in Mammals, 2. New York: Plenum Press.
World Health Organization (WHO). 1981. Environ Health Criteria: Manganese.
Eco-SSL for Manganese 15 April 2007
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7.2 References for Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Foy, C. D., Farina, M. P. W., and Oakes, A. J. 1998. Iron-Manganese Interactions Among Clones of Nilegrass. J.
Plant Nutr. 21(5): 987-1009.
Gonzalez, A. and Lynch, J. 1999. Tolerance of Tropical Common Bean Genotypes to Manganese Toxicity:
Performance Under Different Growing Conditions. J. Plant Nutr. 22(3): 511-525.
Korcak, R. F. 1988. Response of Blueberry Species to Excessive Manganese. J.Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 113(2): 189-
193.
Kuperman, R. G., Checkai, R. T., Phillips, C. T., and Simini, M. 2002. Toxicity Assessments of Antimony, Barium,
Beryllium, and Manganese for Development of Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSL) Using Enchytraeid
Reproduction Benchmark Values. Technical Report No. ECBC-TR-324. U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological
Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
Phillips, C. T., Checkai, R. T., Kuperman, R. G., and Simini, M. 2002. Toxicity Assessment of Antimony, Barium,
Beryllium, and Manganese for Development of Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSL) Using Folsomia
Reproduction Benchmark Values. Technical Report No. ECBC-TR-326. U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological
Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
Rehab, F. I. and Wallace, A. 1978. Excess Trace Metal Effects on Cotton: 2. Copper, Zinc, Cobalt and Manganese
in Yolo Loam Soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 9(6): 519-527.
Reid, W. S. 1965. The Effect of Several Factors on the Response of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to Excess Soil
Manganese in an Acid Terrace Soil. Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State Univ., State College, MS , 157 p.
Simini, M., Checkai, R. T., Kuperman, R. G., and Phillips, C. T. 2002. Toxicity Assessments of Antimony, Barium,
Beryllium, and Manganese for Development of Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSL) Using Earthworm Eisenia
fetida Benchmark Values. Technical Report No. ECBC-TR-325. U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Deriving Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition of the codes
describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections.
OM, pH Adams, F. and Wear, J. I. 1957. Manganese Toxicity and Soil Acidity in Relation to Crinkle Leaf
of Cotton. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 21: 305-308(1957).
Mix Adarve, M. J., Hernandez, A. J., Gil, A., and Pastor, J. 1998. Boron, zinc, iron, and manganese
content in four grassland species. J. Environ. Qual. 27(6): 1286-1293(1998).
OM, pH Agarwala, S. C., Bisht, S. S., and Sharma, C. P. 1977. Relative Effectiveness of Certain Heavy
Metals in Producing Toxicity and Symptoms of Iron Deficiency in Barley. Can. J. Bot. 55:
1299-1307 (1977)
OM, pH Ahmed, M. B. and Twyman, E. S. 1953. The Relative Toxicity of Manganese and Cobalt to the
Tomato Plant. J. Exp. Bot. (London). 4(11): 164-172(1953)
OM, pH Al Fatesh, Ibrahim Yahya. 1990. Toxic levels of aluminum and manganese and variation of
nitrogen content in grape leaves. PhD Thesis, University of Arizona : 190 (1990)
Eco-SSL for Manganese 16 April 2007
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OM, pH Allison, R. V., Bryan, O. C., and Hunter, J. H. 1927. The Stimulation of Plant Response on the
Raw Peat Soils of the Florida Everglades Through the Use of Copper Sulphate and Other
Chemicals. Fla. Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. No. 190 : 33-80 (1927)
Nut Ahangar, A. G., Karimian, N., Abtahi, A., Assad, M. T., and Emam, Y. 1995. Growth and
Manganese Uptake by Soybean in Highly Calcareous Soils as Affected by Native and Applied
Manganese and Predicted by Nine Different Extractants. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 26(9/10):
1441-1454.
OM, pH, Hamid and Pineau, Rene. 1998. Effects of metals on the germination and growth of fungal isolates
from new Caledonian ultramafic soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 30(14): 2043-2054 (1998)
OM, pH Anderson, I. and Evans, H. J. 1956. Effect of Manganese and Certain Other Metal Cations on
Isocitric Dehydrogenase and Malic Enzyme Activities in Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 31:
22-28 (1956)
ERE Anderson, O. E. and Boswell, F. C. 1968. Boron and Manganese Effects on Cotton Yield, Lint
Quality, and Earliness of Harvest. Agron.J. 60: 488-493(1968)
OM, pH Andrew, C. S. and Hegarty, M. P. - Comparative Responses to Manganese Excess of Eight
Tropical and Four Temperate Pasture Legume Species. Aust.J.Agric.Res. 20: 687-696 (1969)
OM, pH Andrew, C. S. andPieters, W. H. J. 1970. Manganese Toxicity Symptoms of One Temperate and
Seven Tropical Pasture Legumes. Div.Trop.Pastures Tech.Pap.No.4, Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization, Australia : 2-8 (1970)
Rev Andrew, C. S. 1976. Screening Tropical Legumes for Manganese Tolerance. In: M.J.Wright (Ed.),
Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils, Cornell Univ. Agric.Exp. Stn., Ithaca : 329-340
(1976)
OM, pH Aoba, K. 1986. Excess Manganese Disorder in Fruit Trees. Jpn. Agric. Res. Q. 20:38-47(1986)
OM, pH Arines, I, Porto, M. E., and Vilarino, A. 1992. Effect of Manganese on Vesicular-Arbuscular
Mycorrhizal Development in Red Clover Plants and on Soil Mn-Oxidizing Bacteria. Mycorrhiza
1(3): 127-131(1992)
OM, pH Aso, K. 1902. On the Physiological Influence of Manganese Compounds on Plants. Bull. Coll.
Agric. Tokyo. 2: 177-185 (1902)
OM, pH Bakardzhieva, N. and Nikolova, R. 1988. Light-dependent changes in the activity and in the
isoenzyme spectra of the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in young pea sprouts grown at
higher level of manganese and zinc ions. Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 41(5): 101-104 (1988)
OM, pH Bansal, R. L. and Nayyar, V. K. 1998. Screening of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Varieties Tolerant
to Manganese-Deficiency Stress. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 68(2): 66-69 (1998)
Nut Bansal, R. L. and Chahal, D. S. 1997. Zinc -manganese relationships in berseem (Trifolium
alexandrinum) grown on an alkaline soil in a pot experiment. Acta Agron. Hung. 45(4): 449-454.
Nut Bansal, R. L. and Nayyar, V. K. 1998. Determination of critical limit with built-up levels of
manganese for oats (Avena sativd) grown on loamy sand. Acta Agron. Hung. 46(1): 71-76.
Nut Bansal, R. L. and Nayyar, V. K. 1996. Critical deficiency level of manganese for cowpea(F/gwa
unguiculata) grown on loamy sand. Acta Agron. Hung. 44(2): 191-195.
Eco-SSL for Manganese 17 April 2007
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OM, pH Barnette, R. M. and Warner, J. D. 1935. A Response of Chlorotic Corn Plants to the Application
of Zinc Sulfate to the Soil. Soil Sci. 39: 145-159 (1935)
OM, pH Bartosova, M., Pavel, I, and Koch, M. - Relations between heavy metal levels in soil,
detritophagous and phytophagous invertebrates. Toxicol.Environ.Chem. 52(1-4): 13-23 (1995)
OM, pH Benac, R. 1976. Effect of Manganese Concentration in the Nutrient Solution on Groundnuts
(Arachis hypogaea (L.). Oleagineax 31:539-543(1976)
OM, pH Berg, W. A. and Vogel, W. G. 1968. Manganese Toxicity of Legumes Seeded in Kentucky
Strip-Mine Soil. Paper No.NE-119, U.S. Dep .Agric., Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Sta. 1-12
(1968)
Media Berry, W. L. 1978. Comparative Toxicity of VO3, CrO2-4,Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ to
Lettuce Seedlings. In: D.C.Adriano and I.L.Brisbin,Jr.(Eds.), Environmental Chemistry and
Cycling Processes, Proc. Symp. Held at Augusta, Georgia, April 18-May 1, 1976, Tech.Info.Center,
U.S.Dep of Energy (U.S.NTIS CONF-760429): 582-589 (1978)
OM, pH Bethlenfalvay, G. J. and Franson, R. L. 1989. Manganese Toxicity Alleviated by Mycorrhizae in
Soybean J. Plant Nutr. 12(8): 953-970 (1989)
OM, pH Bhatt, K. C., Vaishnav, P. P., Singh, Y. D., and Chinoy, J. J. 1976. Reversal of Giberellic
Acid-Induced Inhibition of Root Growth by Manganese. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz.(BPP). 170:
453-455 (1976)
OM, pH Bilski, J. J. and Foy, C. D. 1988. Differential Tolerances of Weed Species to Aluminum,
Manganese and Salinity. J. Plant Nutr. 11(1): 93-105 (1988)
OM, pH Bittell, I, Koeppe, D. E., and Miller, R. J. 1974. Sorption of Heavy Metals Cations by corn
Mitochondria and the Effects on Electron and Energy Transfer Reactions. Physiol Plant. 30:
226-230 (1974)
OM, pH Blarney, F. P. C., Joyce, D. C., Edwards, D. G., and Asher, C. J. 1986. Role of Trichomes in
Sunflower Tolerance to Manganese Toxicity. Plant Soil. 91:171-180(1986)
OM, pH Borkert, C. M. and Cox, F. R. 1999. Effects of Acidity at High Soil Zinc, Copper and Manganese
on Peanut, Rice and Soybean. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30(9/10): 1371-1384(1999)
OM, pH Bortner, C. 1935. Toxicity of Manganese to Turkish Tobacco in Acid Kentucky Soils. Soil Sci.
39: 15-33 (1935)
OM, pH Bowen, J. E. 1972. Manganese-Silicon Interaction and Its Effect on Growth of Sudan Grass.
Plant Soil. 37: 577-588 (1972)
OM, pH Boyd, H. W. 1971. Manganese Toxicity to Peanuts in Autoclaved Soil. Plant Soil. 34:133-144
(1971)
ERE Brown, J. C. and Jones, W. E. 1975. Heavy-Metal Toxicity in Plants: 1. A Crisis in Embryo.
Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6: 421-438 (1975)
OM, pH Brown, J. C. and Jones, W. E. 1977. Manganese and Iron Toxicities Dependent on Soybean
Variety. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 8(1): 1-15 (1977)
Eco-SSL for Manganese 18 April 2007
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OM, pH Brown, P. H., Graham, R. D., and Nicholas, D. J. D. 1984. The Effect of Manganese and Nitrate
Supply on the Levels of Phenolics and Lignin in Young Wheat Plants. Plant Soil. 81: 437-440
(1984)
OM, pH Burke, D. G., Watkins, K., and Scott, B. J. 1990. Manganese Toxicity Effects on Visible
Symptoms, Yield, Manganese Levels, and Organic Acid Levels in Tolerant and Sensitive Wheat
Cultivars. Crop Sci. 30:275-280(1990)
OM, pH Burkhardt, J. and Drechsel, P. 1997. The Synergism Between SO2 Oxidation and Manganese
Leaching on Spruce Needles - A Chamber Experiment. Environ. Pollut. 95(1): 1-11(1997)
OM, pH Camargo, Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira, Rocha Junior, Laercio Scares, and Ferreira Filho, Antonio
Wilson Penteado. 1991. Wheat breeding: XXVI. Evaluation of inbred lines with tolerance to
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OM, pH Whelan, A. M. and Alexander, M. 1986. Effects of Low pH and High Al, Mn and Fe Levels on
the Survival ofRhizobium trifolii and the Modulation of Subterranean Clover. Plant Soil. 92:
363-371 (1986)
OM, pH Wilhelm, N. S., Graham, R. D., and Rovira, A. D. 1988. Application of Different Sources of
Manganese Sulphate Decreases Take-All (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) of Wheat Grown
in a Manganese Deficient Soil. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 39: 1-10 (1988)
OM, pH Wilkinson, R. E. and Duncan, R. R. 1989. - H+, Ca++, and Mn++Influence on Sorghum Seedling
Shoot Growth J. Plant Nutr. 12(11): 1395-1407 (1989)
OM, pH Wilkinson, R. E. and Duncan, R. R. 1989. Sorghum Seedling Root Growth as Influenced by H+,
Ca++, and Mn++ Concentrations. J. Plant Nutr. 12(11): 1379-1394 (1989)
OM, pH Wilkinson, R. E. and Duncan, R. R. 1993. Interaction of Hydrogen (H+) and Manganese (Mn2+)
Concentrations on the Shoot Growth of Sorghum Cultivars. J. Plant Nutr. 16(6): 983-998 (1993)
OM, pH Wilkinson, Robert E. and Ohki, Kenneth. 1988. Influence of manganese deficiency and toxicity on
isoprenoid syntheses. PlantPhysiol. 87(4): 841-846 (1988)
OM, pH Wissemeier, A. H. and Horst, W. J. 1991. Simplified methods for screening cowpea cultivars for
manganese leaf-tissue tolerance. Crop Sci. 31(2): 435-439 (1991)
OM, pH Wissemeier, A. H., Hergenroeder, A., Mix-Wagner, G., and Horst, W. J. 1993. Induction of
callose formation by manganese in cell suspension culture and leaves of soybean (Glycine max L.).
J. Plant Physiol. 142(1): 67-73 (1993)
OM, pH Wissemeier, A. H., Diening, A., Hergenroder, A., Horst, W. I, and Mix-Wagner, G. 1993. Callose
Formation as Parameter for Assessing Genotypical Plant Tolerance of Aluminium and Manganese.
In: P.J.Randall, etal.(Eds.), Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Kluwer Acad.Publ.,
Netherlands : 81-89 (1993)
OM, pH Wong, M. H. and Bradshaw, A. D. 1982. A Comparison of the Toxicity of Heavy Metals, Using
Root Elongation of Rye Grass, Lolium perenne. New Phytol. 91: 255-261 (1982)
No Control Wright, R. I, Baligar, V. C, and Wright, S. F. 1988. Estimation of Plant Available Manganese in
Acidic Subsoil Horizons. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 19(6): 643-662 (1988)
FL Yagodin, B. A. and Romanova, L. P. 1982. Yield and Quality of Chinese Cabbage is Seed
Treatment with Trace Elements. Izv. Timiryazev.S-Kh. Akad. 2: 98-104 (1982)
Nut Yanni, Y. G. 1990. Response of symbiotic interrelationship between soybean and the indigenous
or inoculated microsymbiont, Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum, to soil application of manganese and
molybdenum. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 6(3): 289-294.
OM, pH Zaharieva, T., Kasabov, D., and Romheld, V. 1988. Responses of Peanuts to Iron-Manganese
Interaction in Calcareous Soil. J. Plant Nutr. 11(6-11): 1015-1024(1988)
OM, pH Zhang, Yi, Gu, Weilian, Dai, Junying, and Su, Zhengshu. 1991. Effects of chemicals on
superoxide dismutase activity of maize under chilling stress in the middle and late period of growth.
Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun. 27(2): 105-107 (1991)
Eco-SSL for Manganese 34 April 2007
-------
7.4 References Used in Deriving Wildlife TRVs
All, M, Murthy, R. C., Saxena, D. K., and Chandra, S. V. 1983. effects of low protein diet on manganese
neurotoxicity: ii. brain gaba and seizure susceptibility. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 5(3): 385-389. RefID:
35726
Ali, M. Mohamed, Saxena, D. K., Shukla, G. S., and Chandra, S. V. 1981. behavioral ysfunctions and central
neurotransmitters in manganese exposed rats. J. Environ. Biol. 2(4): 29-39. RefID: 34892
Baker, D. H. and Halpin, K. M. 1991. manganese and iron interrelationship in the chick. Poult. Sci. 70(1): 146-
52. RefID: 5700
Bataineh, H., Al-Hamood, M. H., and Elbetieha, A. M. 1998. assessment of aggression, sexual behavior and fertility
in adult male rat following long-term ingestion of four industrial metals salts. Hum Exp Toxicol. 17(10): 570-6.
RefID: 1717
Becker, JE and McCollum, EV. 1938. toxicity of mnc!2 4h2o when fed to rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 38:
740. RefID: 14459
Bhoot, S. R., Bedi, S. P. S., Khan, S. A., and Sawhney, P. C. 1981. effect of manganese supplementation on the
digestibility of proximate principles balances of nutrients and blood constituents in growing cow calves. Indian
Journal of Animal Sciences. 51 (8). 1981. 752-755. RefID: 35470
Black, J. R., Ammerman, C. B., and Henry, P. R. 1985. effect of quantity and route of administration of manganese
monoxide on feed intake and serum manganese in ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science 68(2): 433-436. RefID:
35826
Black, J. R., Ammerman, C. B., and Henry, P. R. 1985. effects of high dietary manganese as manganese oxide or
manganese carbonate in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 60(3): 861-866. RefID: 35824
Black, J. R., Ammerman, C. B., Henry, P. R., and Miles, R. D. 1984. biological availability of manganese sources
and effects of high dietary manganese on tissue mineral composition of broiler-type chicks. Poult. Sci. (1984)
63(10): 1999-2006 . RefID: 6252
Black, J. R., Ammerman, C. B., Henry, P. R., and Miles, R. D. 1985. effect of dietary manganese and age on
tissue trace mineral composition of broiler-type chicks as a bioassay of manganese sources. Poult. Sci. (1985)
64(4): 688-93 . RefID: 6195
Black, J. R., Ammerman, C. B., Henry, P. R., and Miles, R. D. 1984. tissue manganese uptake as a measure of
manganese bioavailability. Nutr. Rep. Int. (1984) 29(4): 807-14. RefID: 6305
Bonilla, E. 1978. increased gaba content in caudate nucleus of rats after chronic manganese chloride administration.
JNeurochem; 31 (2). 551-552 RefID: 34677
Bonilla, E. 1980. 1-tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat brain after chronic oral administration of manganese
chloride. Neurobehavioral Toxicology 2(1): 37-41. RefID: 35583
Bonilla, E. and Diez-Ewald, Maria. 1974. effect of 1-dopa on brain concentration of dopamine and homovanillic acid
in rats after chronic manganese chloride administration. J. Neurochem. (1974) 22(2): 297-9. RefID: 35173
Bonilla, E. and Prasad, A. L. 1984. effects of chronic manganese intake on the levels of biogenic amines in rat brain
regions. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 6(5): 341-4. RefID: 35707
Bonilla, E. 1984. chronic manganese intake induces changes in the motor activity of rats. Exp. Neural. (1984)
84(3): 696-700. RefID: 34806
Eco-SSL for Manganese 35 April 2007
-------
Brown, D. R. and Southern, L. Lee. 1985. effect of eimeria acervulina infection in chicks fed excess dietary cobalt
and/or manganese. J. Nutr. 115(3): 347-51. RefID: 6215
Carter, S. D., Hein, J. F., Rehnberg, G. L., and Laskey, J. W. 1980. chronic manganese oxide ingestion in rats:
hemato logical effects. J Toxicol Environm Health. 6: 207-216. RefID: 55
Chan, A.W. K., Minski, M. J., Lim, L., and Lai, J. C. K. 1992. changes in brain regional manganese and magnesium
levels during postnatal development : modulations by chronic manganese administration. Metab. Brain Dis. (1992)
7(1): 21-33. RefID: 33705
Chandra, S. V. 1983. psychiatric illness due to manganese poisoning. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 303: 49-54.
RefID: 34850
Chandra, S. V. and Shukla, G. S. 1981. concentrations of striatal catecholamines in rats given manganese chloride
through drinking water. J. Neurochem. (1981) 36(2): 683-7. RefID: 34922
Chandra, SV and Imam, Z. 1973. manganese induced histochemical and histological alterations in gastrintestinal
mucosa of guinea pigs. Acta. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 33: 449. RefID: 14460
Cunningham, GN, Wise, MB, and Barrick, ER. 1966. effect of high dietary levels of manganese on the performance
and blood constituents of calves. J.Anim.Sci. 25: 532. RefID: 14461
de Rosa, G., Keen, C. L., Leach, R. M., and Hurley, L. S. 1980. regulation of superoxide dismutase activity by
dietary manganese. Journal of Nutrition 110(4): 795-804. RefID: 44196
Derevenco, P., Vaida, A., Stoica, N., Gabor, S., Ivanof, L., Botoc, M., Alexa, L., and Baciu, I. 1988.
neurobehavioral and biochemical response to manganese and selenium exposure in rats. Physiologic. 25(3): 111-8.
RefID: 1282
Deskin, Randy, Bursian, S. J., and Edens, F. W. 1981. neurochemical alterations induced by manganese chloride in
neonatal rats. Neurotoxicology (Park Forest South III.) 2(1): 65-73. RefID: 34921
Desole, M. S., Esposito, G., Migheli, R., Fresu, L., Sircana, S., Zangani, D., Miele, M., and Miele, E. 1995. cellular
defense mechanisms in the striatum of young and aged rats subchronically exposed to manganese.
Neuropharmacology (1995) 34(3): 289-95. RefID: 33573
Edens, F. W. and Laskey, J. W. 1990. serum chemistries of coturnix coturnix japonica given dietary manganese
oxide (mn3o4). Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology : C: Comparative Pharmacology And Toxicology.
97(1): 139-142. RefID: 7710
Eriksson, H., Lenngren, S., and Heilbronn, E. 1987. effect of long-term administration of manganese on biogenic
amine levels in discrete striatal regions of rat brain. Arch. Toxicol. (1987) 59(6): 426-31. RefID: 34621
FDA, Food and Drug Research Labs. I. 1973. teratologic evaluation of fda 71-71 (manganese sulfate,monohydrate).
NTISPB REPORT(PB-223 813):57PP, 1973 RefID: 35143
Freundt, K. J. and Ibrahim, H. A. 1990. growth of rats during a subchronic intake of the heavy metals pb, cd, zn, mn,
cu, hg, and be. Pol. J. Occup. Med 3(2): 227-232. RefID: 2640
Gaillard, E., Laurant, P., Robin, S., and Berthelot, A. 1996. effects of long term high manganese intake on
magnesium metabolism in rats. Magnesium Res. (1996) 9(2): 119-122. RefID: 33511
Gershbein, L. L., Gershbein, J. D., and French, R. 1983. behavior of male rats fed low levels of metallic salts. Res
Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 39(3): 507-510. RefID: 136
Eco-SSL for Manganese 36 April 2007
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Grummer, RH, Bently, OG, Phillips, PH, and Bohstedt, G. 1950. the role of manganese in growth, reproduction and
lactation in swine. J.Anim.Sci. 9: 170. RefID: 14464
Halacheva, L. and Nikolova, P. 1975. changes in free adenosine tri-, di- and monophosphate concentrations in the
brain of white rats fed normal and protein-rich diets in experimental manganese treatment. Scr. Sci. Med. (1975)
12(1): 173-6. RefID: 35114
Halpin, K. M, Chausow, D. G., and Baker, D. H. 1986. efficiency of manganese absorption in chicks fed corn-soy
and casein diets. J. Nutr. (1986) 116(9): 1747-51. RefID: 6054
Hartman, R. H., Matrone, G, and Wise, G. H.. 1955. effects of high dietary manganese on hemoglobin formation.
J. Nutr. 57: 429. RefID: 14465
Hastings, C. E. Jr. and Llewellyn, G. C. 1987. reduced aflatoxicosis in livers of hamsters fed a manganese surfate
supplement. Nutr. Cancer (1987) 10(1-2): 67-77. RefID: 34586
Henry, P. R., Ammerman, C. B., and Miles, R. D. 1987. bioavailability of manganese monoxide and manganese
dioxide for broiler chicks. Nutr. Rep. Int. (1987) 36(2): 425-33. RefID: 5983
Henry, P. R., Ammerman, C. B., and Miles, R. D. 1986. influence of virginiamycin and dietary manganese on
performance, manganese utilization, and intestinal tract weight of broilers. Poult. Sci. (1986) 65(2): 321-4. Ref
ID: 6087
Hietanen, E., Kilpioe, J., and Savolainen, H. 1981. neurochemical and biotransformational enzyme responses to
manganese exposure in rats. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. (1981) 10(3): 339-45. RefID: 34916
Ho, S. Y., Miller, W. J., Gentry, R. P., Neathery, M. W., and Blackmon, D. M. 1984. effects of high but nontoxic
dietary manganese and iron on their metabolism by calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 67(7). 1984. 1489-1495.
RefID: 35742
Ivan, M. and Grieve, C. M. 1975. effects of zinc, copper, and manganese supplementation ofhigh-concentrate ration
on digestibility, growth, and tissue content ofholstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 58(3): 410-415. RefID:
34990
Ivan, M. and Hidiroglou, M. 1980. effect of dietary manganese on growth and manganese metabolism in sheep.
Journal of Dairy Science. 63 (3). 1980. 385-390. RefID: 35501
Johnson, Jan M. and Kies, C. 1987. manganese and lipid metabolism as affected by dietary manganese and fat.
ACSSymp. Ser. (1987) 3 54(Nutr. Bioavailability Manganese): 123-35. RefID: 34574
Kayongo-Male, H., Ullrey, D. E., Miller, E. R., and Keahey, K. K. 1977. manganese calcium and phosphorus
interactions in the diet of the growing pig. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science. 0(10). 1977 (Reed. 1980). 39-
46. RefID: 34702
Komura, J. and Sakamoto, M.. 1991. short-term oral administration of several manganese compounds in mice :
physiological and behavioral alterations caused by different forms of manganese. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
(1991) 46(6): 921-8. RefID: 33786
Kontur, P. J. and Fechter, L. D. 1988. brain regional manganese levels and monoamine metabolism in manganese-
treated neonatal rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10(4): 295-303. RefID: 36045
Kontur, Paul J. and Fechter, Laurence D. 1985. brain manganese, catecholamine turnover, and the development
of startle in rats prenatally exposed to manganese. Teratology (1985) 32(1): 1-11. RefID: 34752
Eco-SSL for Manganese 37 April 2007
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Kristensson, K., Eriksson, H., Lundh, B., Plantin, L. O., Wachtmeister, L., El Azazi, M., Morath, C., and Heilbronn,
E. effects of manganese chloride on the rat developing nervous system. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1986) 59(5):
345-8. RefID: 34674
Laskey, J. W. and Edens, F. W. 1985. effects of chronic high-level manganese exposure on male behavior in the
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica). Poultry Science. Mar 1985. v. 64 (3) p. 579-584. ill. RefID: 8426
Laskey, J. W., Rehnberg, G. L., Hein, J. F., and Carter, S. D. 1982. effects of chronic manganese (mn3o4) exposure
on selected reproductive parameters in rats. J Toxicol Environm Health. 9: 677-687. RefID: 56
Laskey, John W., Rehnberg, Georgia L., Hein, Joy F., Laws, Susan C., and Edens, Frank W. 1985. assessment of the
male reproductive system in the preweanling rat following manganese oxide (mn3o4) exposure. J. Toxicol.
Environ. Health (1985) 15(2): 339-50. RefID: 34755
Lee, D. Y. and Johnson, P. E. 1988. factors affecting absorption and excretion of manganese-54 in rats. J. Nutr.
(1988) 118(12): 1509-16. RefID: 34504
Leeson, S. and Summers, J. D. 1982. effect of high dietary levels of supplemental zinc manganese copper or iron on
broiler performance to 3 weeks of age and accumulation of these minerals in tissue and excreta. Nutr Rep Int.
25(3): 591-599. RefID: 2196
Leibholz, JM, Speer, VC, and Hays, VW. 1962. effects of dietary manganes on baby pig performance and tissue
manganese levels. J.Anim.Sci. 21: 772. RefID: 14468
Leung, T. K. C. J. C. K. Lai and L. Lai. 1982. the effects of chronic manganese feeding on the activity of monamine
oxidase in various organs of the developing brain. Comp. Biochm. Physiol. 71C(2): 223-228. RefID: 34895
Lipe, George W., Duhart, Helen, Newport, Glenn D., Slikker, William Jr., and Ali, Syed F. 1999. effect of
manganese on the concentration of amino acids in different regions of the rat brain. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part
B(1999): B34(l), 119-132. RefID: 33403
Magour, S., Maeser, H., and Steffen, I. 1983. effect of daily oral intake of manganese on free polysomal protein
synthesis of rat brain. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1983) 53(2): 88-91. RefID: 34849
Martinez, D. A. and Diaz, G. J. 1996. effect of graded levels of dietary nickel and manganese on blood
hemoglobin content and pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. (1996) 25(3): 537-549 . Ref
ID: 5345
Mercado, R. C. and Bibby, B. G. 1973. trace element effects on enamel pigmentation incisor growth and molar
morphology in Rats. Arch Oral Biol. 18(5): 629-635. RefID: 757
Mohamed, O. E., Attia, A. N., Awadalla, S. A., Esmail, E. Y., and Hady, M. M. 1987. role of some microelements
in nutrition of water buffalo and itsrelation to production. 3. effect of manganese supplementation. Assiut Veterinary
Medical Journal 18(35): 101-110. RefID: 36002
Nachtman, J. P., Tubben, R. E., and Commissaris, R. L. 1986. behavioral effects of chronic manganese
administration in rats : locomotor activity studies. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. (1986) 8(6): 711-15. RefID:
34669
Pappas, B. A., Zhang, D., Davidson, C. M., Crowder, T., Park, G. A. S., and Fortin, T. 1997. perinatal manganese
exposure: behavioral , neurochemical, and histopathological effects in the rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. (1997)
19(1): 17-25. RefID: 33496
Rana, S. V. S., Prakash, R., Kumar, A., and Sharma, C. B. 1985. a study of glycogen in the liver of metal-fed rats.
Toxicol Lett. 29(1): 1-4. RefID: 13236
Eco-SSL for Manganese 38 April 2007
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Rehnberg, G. L., Hein, J. F., Carter, S. D., and Laskey, J. W. 1980. chronic manganese oxide administration to
preweanling rats: manganese accumulation and distribution. J Toxicol Environm Health. 6: 217-226. RefID: 57
Reid, JT, Pfau, OK, Salisbury, RL, Bender, CB, and Ward, GM. 1947. mineral metabolism studies in dairy cattle, i.
the effect of manganese and other trace elements on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus during early lactation.
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Sazzad, H. M, Bertechini, A. G., and Nobre, P. T. C. 1994. egg production, tissue deposition and mineral
metabolism in two strains of commercial layers with various levels of manganese in diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
(1994) 46(3-4): 271-5. RefID: 5474
Seth, P. K., Husain, R., Mushtaq, M., and Chandra, S. V. 1977. effect of manganese on neo natal rat manganese
concentration and enzymatic alterations in brain. Ada Pharmacologica Et Toxicologica. 40 (5). 1977 553-560.
RefID: 34791
Settle, E. A., Mraz, Frank R., Douglas, C. Roberto, and Bletner, James K. 1969. effect of diet and manganese
level on growth , perosis, and manganese-54 uptake in chicks. J.Nutr. (1969) 97(1): 141-6. RefID: 7191
Southern, L. Lee and Baker, D. H. 1983. eimeria acervulina infection in chicks fed deficient or excess levels of
manganese. J.Nutr. (1983) 113(1): 172-7 . RefID: 6382
Southern, L. Lee and Baker, D. H. 1983. excess manganese ingestion in the chick. Poult. Sci. (1983) 62(4): 642-
6. RefID: 6363
Spulkamy, M. T., Abdel-Salam, F. E., El-Gamalt, S. A., and Seoud, A. A. 1976. a study on manganese supplement
in chick diet. Agric. Res. Rev. (1976) 54(6): 63-9 . RefID: 6772
Svajgr, A. J., Peo, E. R. Jr, and Vipperman, P. E. Jr. 1969. effects of dietary levels of manganese and magnesium on
performance of growing finishing swine raised in confinement and on pasture. Journal of Animal Science. 29 (3).
1969439-443. RefID: 34656
Svensson, Olle, Hjerpe, Anders, Reinholt, Finn P., and Engfeldt, Bengt. 1985. the effect of manganese ingestion,
phosphate depletion, and starvation on the morphology of the epiphyseal growth plate, a stereologic study. Clin.
Orthop. Relat. Res. (1985) : 197,286-94. RefID: 34740
Vohra, P and Kratzer, FH. 1968. zinc, copper and manganese toxicities in turkey poults and their alleviation by edta.
Poult. Sci. 47: 699. RefID: 14404
Wassermann, Dora and Wassermann, M. 1977. the ultrastructure of the liver cell in subacute manganese
administration. Environ. Res. (1977) 14(3): 379-90 . RefID: 35046
Wedekind, Karen J. and Baker, David H. 1990. manganese utilization in chicks as affected by excess calcium and
phosphorus ingestion. Poult. Sci. 69(6): 977-84 . RefID: 5728
Wong-Valle, J., Ammerman, C. B., Henry, P. R., Rao, P. V., and Miles, R. D. 1989. bioavailability of manganese
from feed grade manganese oxides for broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. (1989) 68(10): 1368-73. RefID: 5788
Eco-SSL for Manganese 39 April 2007
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7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition
of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections.
Unrel
Diss
InVit
addition of calcium ions for enhancing the safety of metal-ligand chelates as magnetic resonance
imaging agents and x-ray contrast agents. PCT Int. Appl. 10pp.
adriamycin cardiotoxicity and essential trace metal homeostasis in the in vivo rat heart
(doxorubicin, cardiomyopathy, manganese, iron). 901491 ORDER NO: AAD85-26534
1992AFRRI Reports, First Quarter 1992. Technical Rept. AFRRI-SR92-1; AFRRI-
SR92-2
No Oral amino acid-chelated compositions and method for delivery of divalent metal cations to specific
biological tissue sites. PCT Int. Appl. 42pp.
Not Avail amino acid metal complexes using hydrolyzed protein as the amino acid source and methods re
same. U.S. llpp.
Nodose animal feed containing carboxylic acids. PCT Int. Appl. 36pp.
Abstract 1973. annual report of the secretary for agricultural technical services forthe period 1 July 1971 to
30 June 1972. Department of Agricultural Technical Services, South Africa : 270pp.
Diss an approach to direct imaging of brain activation with mri by activity-induced manganese
dependent, "aim", contrast. 01618836 ORDER NO: AAD98-13840
Mix aqueous feed additive comprising lactic acid, organic acid and chelated trace elements. PCT Int.
Appl. 15 pp.
Diss arsenic: an analytical procedure to determine its total content in biological samples and signs of its
deprivation in rats and chicks. 788794 ORDER NO: AAD82-20750
No Oral 25\Assessment of Toxicity of Automotive Metallic Emissions. Volume II. Final Rept\
A U- Holbrook, D. J. CS- North Carolina Univ.,
FL birds and fowls fodder additive prescription and its prepn. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu : 10 pp.
No Oral central nervous system toxicity of manganese: mechanism of manganese concentration in the
ventral mesencephalon (choroid plexus, dopamine reuptake). 01565449 ORDER NO: AAD97-
20597
Diss
characterization of a deaf, vertiginous mutant rat (recessive mutation, waltzing, rodent). 905356
ORDER NO: AAD85-29709
Diss
Diss
chromium-nutrient interactions affecting tissue chromium, vitamin c metabolism, and cholesterol
synthesis. 01135479 ORDER NO: AAD90-35204
a comparative study: magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of normal kidney and renal pathologies
using paramagnetic contrast agents. 01117130 ORDER NO: AAD90-22181
Eco-SSL for Manganese
40
April 2007
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Unrel NTIS. 1969. Technical Report. Contemporary Agriculture. Volume 16, Number 4,
1968.SFCSI-AGR(TT-68-50058/4); NTIS TT-68-50058/4/XAB. 105 pp.
Not Avail 1969.Contemporary Agriculture, Volume 16, Number 4, 1968. SFCSI-AGR(TT-68-50058/4)
Diss development of metallacrowns and structural characterization of manganese chain structures.
01170796 ORDER NO: AAD91-24039
Diss diabetes teratogenicity: role of altered mineral metabolism. 1070710 ORDER NO: AAD89-10542
Diss effect of a direct-fed microbial on performance of single comb white leghorn chickens). 01367290
ORDER NO: AAD94-22171
Diss the effect of chemical modulation of the cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase system on the
activation of systemic lung toxins. 01235817 ORDER NO: AADDX-96678
Diss the effect of chromium depletion and streptozotocin-induced diabetes in pregnancy. 01593456
ORDER NO: AAD97-30469
Diss the effect of manganese on the histology and organ weights of cattle and the rat. 196716 ORDER
NO: AADOO-09899
Diss effect of manganese oxide administration on male reproductive development and function
(hormones, behavior, testes). 871743 ORDER NO: AAD85-00238
Diss the effect of zinc deficiency on immune function. 01173644 ORDER NO: AAD91-18419
Diss effects of dietary fatty acids, polyunsaturated/saturated ratios, and fat levels on growth and mineral
deposition in young male rats (fatty acids). 01156306 ORDER NO: AAD91-05922
Diss the effects of dietary manganese deficiency on arterial glycosaminoglycan metabolism and structure
in the sprague-dawley rat. 01593028 ORDER NO: AAD97-29636
Nut def the effects of dietary manganese deficiency on superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and
membrane stability. 881281 ORDER NO: AAD85-01790
Diss effects of dietary manganese on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in some avian and mammalian
species. 781146 ORDER NO: AAD82-13321
Diss the effects of dietary sodium zeolite a on growth and mineral utilization of chickens. 01295923
ORDER NO: AAD93-17007
Alt Effects of Manganese and Their Modification by Hexametaphosphate 77-
Nut def effects of manganese deficiency on dietary adaptation of the exocrine pancreas in the rat (amylase,
lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin). 950860 ORDER NO: AAD13-29547
Diss effects of manganese on carbohydrate metabolism. 862971 ORDER NO: AAD84-24974
Mix electrolyte feed supplement for poultry hatchlings. U.S.S.R. From: Izobreteniya 1992 (7): 14.
Diss etude de 1'evolution des systemes antioxydants au cours du developpement de 1'insuffisance
cardiaque experimentale chez le rat original title: study of antioxidant systems during the
Eco-SSL for Manganese 41 April 2007
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development of experimental cardiac failure in rat (mrna, ischemia, superoxide dismutase,
manganese, copper-zinc). 01476944 ORDER NO: AADAA-IC484409
Rev 1991. excess phosphorus impairs manganese utilization in chicks. Nutrition Reviews 49(4):
125-7.
Diss expression of antioxidant enzymes in copper deficient rat brain, heart, and liver. 01452581
ORDER NO: AADAA-I9543281
Diss factors affecting manganese homeostasis in the chick. 920649 ORDER NO: AAD86-10932
Unrel 1974. fresh herbage. Agricultural Development and Advisory Service, UK:
UK,ADAS: ADAS Science Arm Annual Report 1972. 90-91.
Diss functional assessment of manganese status (superoxide dismutase, biliary excretion). 01447018
ORDER NO: AADAA-I9527297
Meth glucaric acid-containing formula and method for the prevention and treatment of
hypercholesterolemia and cellular hyperproliferative disorders. PCTInt. Appl. 45 pp.
Diss heavy metal bioaccumulation in great basin submersed aquatic macrophytes. 01363274 ORDER
NO: AAD94-18488
Diss high field nmr studies of static ordering and spin-energy coupling in manganese-fluoride. 763588
ORDER NO: AAD81-26872
Diss interactions among zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and ascorbic acid in the Japanese quail (dietary
supplements, toxicity, perosis, trace elements, anemia). 887582 ORDER NO: AAD85-14498
Diss intracellular distribution of manganese and the effect of dietary manganese on rat liver arginase.
219135 ORDER NO: AAD59-01610
Diss investigation of dietary zinc and linoleic acid interactions in the sprague-dawley rat (rat). 1076906
ORDER NO: AAD89-21281
Diss involvement of cations in temperature regulation in chickens . 694062 ORDER NO: AAD80-
20524
FL 1962,.Journal for Scientific Agricultural Research, Volume 21, Number 73, 1968. SFCSI-AGR(TT-
68-50057/2)
Diss kinetic modelling of iron-52/manganese-52m-citrate in brain by positron emission tomography (pet)
(blood brain barrier). 01654257 ORDER NO: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY
MICROFILMS INTL.
Drug low phosphorus animal feed containing l.alpha.-hydroxylated vitamin d compounds and method of
preparing. U.S. 8 pp.
Diss manganese absorption: studies in humans with special reference to infant diets. 01132607
ORDER NO: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INT'L.
Diss manganese metabolism as affected by dietary calcium and phosphorus (calcium, phosphorus).
7 079 758 ORDER NO: AAD89-22450
Eco-SSL for Manganese 42 April 2007
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Diss
Diss
manganese toxicity in the developing rat brain: the involvement of monoamine systems
(catecholamines, amphetamine, neurotoxicology). 847139 ORDER NO: AAD84-14290
manganese utilization as affected by excess calcium and phosphorus. 01157849 ORDER NO:
AAD91-14455
Diss
melanin binding of mptp and related substances, and manganese: possible connection with
parkinsonism. 01215314 ORDER NO: NOT A VAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS
INT'L.
Diss
the metabolism and toxicology of manganese. 873 743 ORDER NO: NOT A VAILABLE FROM
UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INT'L.
Diss metabolism of zinc, iron, copper and manganese of men and rats as affected by dietary protein,
calcium and phosphorus. 799169 ORDER NO: AAD82-24068
Nut def metal propionates for use as animal feed supplements. U.S. 6 pp. Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.
315,557, abandoned.
Nut metallic complexes of streptogramin-b, their preparation and their use in animal food. Eur. Pat.
Appl. 12pp.
Nut method of increasing amino acids content in grains of cereals and legumes by treatment with
ammonia or urea. Czech. 5 pp.
Meth method to accelerate the color forming reaction between an enzyme and an indolyl derivative by
adding a free radical and/or chelate to the reaction medium and its application for immunoassays
and immunochromatography. Ger. Offen. 16 pp.
Gene methods for generating doubled haploid plants from microspores. PCTInt. Appl. 43 pp.
Drug methods using manganese superoxide dismutase-deficient mouse for testing compounds for use
as therapeutic antioxidants. PCT Int. Appl. 47 pp.
Urel methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl teratology study in rats with attached appendices
and cover letter dated 031480. EPA/OTS; Doc #88-7900211
Diss
novel molecules useful for biological and medical applications: part i. toward the development of
free radical based photoaffinity labels, part ii. new nitroxide formulations as contrast-enhancing
agents for magnetic resonance imaging, part iii. mammalian brain sigma receptor specific ligands:
structures and molecular mechanics calculations. 0991651 ORDER NO: AAD88-08 702
Diss
nutrient availability of wheat feed screenings in broiler diet (chicken). 808758 ORDER NO: NOT
AVAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INT'L.
Diss
part i. phosphorus requirements of range beef cattle, part ii. effects of high levels of manganese
supplementation on reproduction and lactation of beef cattle, and rabbits, and on the fecal excretion
of calcium and phosphorus by steers. 088045 ORDER NO: NOT A VAILABLE FROM
UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INT'L.
Diss
phospholipase c (pi-plc) in adipose tissue of the ob/ob mouse. 01209355 ORDER NO: AAD92-
08517\
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
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Diss
phosphorylase phosphatase: interconversion of active and inactive forms (manganese). 844929
ORDER NO: AAD84-12371
Diss
the physiology of the calcium leak channel and calcium regulation in muscle and nervous tissue of
the dystrophic mdx mouse (muscular dystrophy, dystrophin). 01456561 ORDER NO: AADAA-
19602450
No Oral plant cell preparation for stimulating fermentation and other physiological functions. Jpn. Kokai
Tokkyo Koho : 10 pp.
Diss pneumotoxic properties of the fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (mmt):
part i. the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mmt-induced pneumotoxicity and mortality.
part ii. mmt-induced pneumotoxicity and lethality which is independent of sympathetic nervous
system activity. 954509 ORDER NO: AAD87-11210
No Org preparation of biologic inorganic composite feed additive for animals and fowls. Faming Zhuanli
Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu : 48 pp.
Unrel protein-based thermoplastic chewable pet toy. PCTInt. Appl. 30 pp.
Diss regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity in x-irradiated mouse heart (induction).
866065 ORDER NO: AAD84-28257
Diss a role for the mitochondrion in manganese toxicity. 01178926 ORDER NO: AAD91-32404
Diss role of copper in the phenotypic expression of scoliosis. 849880 ORDER NO: AAD84-16905
Org Met a segment ii teratology study on methylcyclopentadienyl managenese tricarbonyl in rats with
attachment and cover letter dated 100378| so- numbers not reported) fed
methylcyclopentadienylmanganesetricarbonyl (mmt), by gavage (dose levels and dosing period not
reported), the authors concluded that the data did not support a conclusion that mmt was a
teratogen. however, high dose levels produced high maternal and embryonal toxicity, which may
have obscured potential teratogenic effects, the document summarizes this study, and no further
information is available regarding experimental method or results.
Org Met a segment ii teratology study on methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in rats with cover
letters dated 110579 and 100379. EPA/OTS; Doc #88-7900211
Meth
Diss
Diss
somatotropin-transition metal complexes as animal growth stimulants and a method for their
preparation. Eur. Pat. Appl. 10 pp. C.
studies on the muscarinic receptors in neuroblastoma cells. 750140 ORDER NO: AAD81-14988
studies on the relation of manganese to the nutrition of the mouse, the effect of diet on the
manganese content of milk|n. 013359 ORDER NO: NOT A VAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY
MICROFILMS INTL.
Diss
a study of membrane proteins and ion transport processes in red blood cells of the spontaneously
hypertensive and wistar-kyoto rats. 938942 ORDER NO: NOT A VAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY
MICROFILMS INTL.
Diss
a study of the chemistry and mutagenicity of welding fume. 910380 ORDER NO: NOT
AVAILABLE FROM UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INTL.
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Nut therapeutic diet for dogs with lymphoma. PCTInt. Appl 25 pp.
Nut trace element deficiencies and fertility in ruminants: a review.| au-. 62(8): 1195-1206.
Drug treatment of septic shock with transition metal complexes. PCT Int. Appl. 13 pp.
Not Avail vitamin-mineral mixture for improving the quality of egg shells. Czech. 6 pp.
Diss zinc and calcium effects on nickel dermatitis in the guinea pig. 0961875 ORDER NO: AAD87-
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CP
InVit
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InVit
Fate
Abstract
Meth
InVit
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and El-Husseiny, O. 1993. study on the effect of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium on growth
performance and some blood physiological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicks.: effect of
removing trace minerals from the diet of hens laying eggs with heavy or light shell weight. Acta
Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica. 24(5): 412-422.
Zhou Ming, Zhang Lisheng, and Geng Zhaoyu . 1989. [effect of dietary manganese on weight gain
and growth of broiler chickens]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural College. V. 16(3) P. 191-194
Zhou Mingrong . 1993. study on the effect of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium on growth
performance and some blood physiological and biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Acta
Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica. 24(5): 412-422.
Drug Zhou, Rong, Balasubramanian, Sathyamangalam V., Kahl, Stephen B., and Straubinger, Robert M.
1999. biopharmaceutics of boronated radiosensitizers: liposomal formulation of mnbopp
(manganese chelate of 2,4-(.arpha.,.beta.-dihydroxyethyl) deuterioporphyrin ix) and comparative
toxicity in mice. J. Pharm. Sci. (1999) 88(9): 912-917.
FL Zhu YuQin and Suo AiPing. 1998. investigation of requirement of manganese from different
sources forO-4 week broiler chicks. Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica 29(2): 121-127.
FL Zhu YuQiu and Wu XiuYun. 1997. principal components analysis of ca, p, vitamin d3, mn and zn
levels in diets for broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Science 33(5): 10-15&53.
Phys Zhu, Z., Tepel, M., Neusser, M., andZidek, W. 1995. transforming growth factor beta 1 modulates
angiotensin ii-induced calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle. European Journal of Clinical
Investigation 25(5): 317-21.
Mineral Zhu, Zongjian, Kimura, Mieko, and Itokawa, Yoshinori. 1993. mineral status in selenium-deficient
rats compared to selenium-sufficient rats fed vitamin-free casein-based or torula yeast-based
diet. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. (1993) 37(2-3): 219-31
FL Zhuang, Bijia, Chen, Yuehua, and Qin, Guojie. 1994. the effect of manganese on reproduction
function of female mice and fl generation female mice. Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi (1994) 8(3):
140-3.
Gene
Zicha, J., Kunes, J., and Devynck, M. A. 1996. platelet calcium handling is different in rats with
salt-dependent and spontaneous forms of genetic hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension
9(8): 812-8.
FL Zicha, Josef, Kunes, Jaroslav, Ben-Ishay, Drori, and Devynck, Marie-Aude. 1996. abnormal
regulation of cytosolic calcium and ph in platelets of sabra rats in early phases of salt hypertension
development. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1996) 74(11): 1222-1228.
Abstract Zidenberg-Cherr, S. and Keen, C. L. 1985. adriamycin toxicity influence of dietary manganese and
vitamin e. 69TH Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental
Biology, Anaheim, Calif, USA, APR. 21-26, 1985. FED PROC. 44 (6). 1985. 1849.
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
290
April 2007
-------
Nut def
NoCOC
Unrel
Nut def
Nut def
Nut def
Nut def
Nut def
Nut def
No Oral
No Oral
Zidenberg-cherr, S. and Keen, C. L. 1986. enhanced tissue lipid peroxidation a mechanism
underlying pathologies associated with dietary manganese deficiency. 192ND American Chemical
Society National Meeting
Zidenberg-Cherr, S., Keen, C. L., Lonnerdal, B., and Hurley, L. S. 1983. dietary superoxide
dismutase does not affect tissue levels. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37(1): 5-7.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri, Benak, Peggy A., Hurley, Lucille S., and Keen, Carl L. 1988. altered
mineral metabolism: a mechanism underlying the fetal alcohol syndrome in rats. Drug-Nutr.
Interact. (1988) 5(4): 257-74.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri, Han, Bin, Dubick, Michael A., and Keen, Carl L. 1991. influence of
dietary -induced copper and manganese deficiency on ozone-induced changes in lung and liver
antioxidant systems. Toxicol. Lett. (1991) 57(1): 81-90.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri, Hurley, Lucille S., Loennerdal, Bo, and Keen, Carl L. 1985. manganese
deficiency: effects on susceptibility to ethanol toxicity in rats. J. Nutr. (1985) 115(4): 460-7.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri and Keen, Carl L. 1986. influence of dietary manganese and vitamin e
on adriamycin toxicity in mice. Toxicol. Lett. (1986) 30(1): 79-87.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri, Keen, Carl L., Casey, Sharon M, and Hurley, Lucille S. 1985.
developmental changes affected by manganese deficiency, manganese-superoxide dismutase,
copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase, manganese, copper, iron and zinc in mouse tissues. Biol.
Trace Elem. Res. (1985) 7(4): 209-22.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri, Keen, Carl L., and Hurley, Lucille S. the effects of manganese deficiency
during prenatal and postnatal development on mitochondria! structure and function in the rat.
Biol. Trace Elem. Res. (1985) 7(1): 31-48.
Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri, Keen, Carl L., Loennerdal, Bo, and Hurley, Lucille S. 1983. superoxide
dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation in the rat : developmental correlations affected by
manganese deficiency. J. Nutr. (1983) 113(12): 2498-504 .
Ziecik, A. 1977. effect of large doses of manganese on erythropoietic activity.
Haematologica Polonica. 8(3). 1977 (Reed 1978) 181-188.
Act a
Ziecik, A. CS Inst. Fizjologii i Biochemii Zwierzat AR-T 10-718. influence of erythropoiesis
stimulation on 54mn distribution in rats. 287-292
Mix
CP
Unrel
Zikic, R. V., Stajn, A. S., Ognjanovic, B. I., Saicic, Z. S., Kostic, M. M., Pavlovic, S. Z., and
Petrovic, V. M. 1998. the effect of cadmium and selenium on the antioxidant enzyme activities in
rat heart. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 17(3-4): 259-64.
Zimmerer, J., Volm, M., Wayss, K., and Wesch, H. 1971. influence of tumor growth on the
copper and manganese levels in organs of host animals, investigations with the help of neutron
activation analysis. Aktuel. Probl. Geb. Cancerol. Heidelberg. Symp., 3rd : Meeting Date 1970,
119-23. Editor(s): Lettre, H. Publisher: Springer, Berlin, Ger.
Zimmermann Nickolas G and Douglass Larry. 1998. a survey of drinking water quality and it'
effects of broiler growth performance on delmarva. Poultry Science 77(SUPPL. 1): 121.
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
291
April 2007
-------
FL Zlatev, A. 1977. absorption and distribution of 54mn given by mouth in relation tocontent of stable
manganese in the feed and to age of the chickens. Zhivotnov'Vni Nauki (4): 81-86.
FL Zlatev, A. absorption and distribution of orally introduced manganese-54 in relation to the content
of dietary stable manganese and chicken age. Zhivotnovud. Nauki (1977) 14(4): 81-6.
FL Zlatev, A. chicken growth and development as affected by manganese. Zhivotnovud Nauki 1976
13 (6): 34-40. Ref. Eng. sum.
FL Zlatev, A. effect of manganese on the growth and development of chicks. Zhivotnovud.
Nauki (1976) 13(6): 34-40.
FL Zlatev, A. Vissh Institut po Zootekhnika i Veterinarna Meditsina Stara Zagora Bulgaria. 1977.
resorption and distribution of orally introduced 54mn depending on dietary stable manganese and
chicken age. rezorbtsiya i razpredelenie na oralno v'Veden 54mn v zavisimost ot
s"d"rzhanieto na stabilen mangan v dazhbata i ot v"zrastta na piletata. Zhivotnov "Dm Nauki.
Animal Science. V. 14(4) P. 81-86
Mix Zlobina, I. E. and Skukovskii, B. A. 1990. effect of dietary trace element level on physiological
and productiveindicators in broiler chickens. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Byulleten', VASKhNIL,
Sibirskoe Otdelenie: Sibirskii Nauchno-Issledovatel'Skii i Proektno-Tekhnologicheskii Institut
Zhivotnovodstva.(2)\ 31-36.
Mix Zou Ning and Zhou BaoChu. 1998. changes of glutathione peroxidase and se content of rats'
myocardiumcaused by sodium nitrite and effects of vitamin e and se on the enzymatic activity.
Endemic Diseases Bulletin. 13(4): 4-6.
FL Zyan'kou, A. S., Zharkina, T. A., and Kozyr, G. S. 1981. free amino acids in the liver of pigs given
diets enriched with traceelement salts. Vestsi Akademii Navuk BSSR, Sel'Skagaspadarchykh
Navuk(4): 93-96, 143.
No COC Zylka, C. A., Fontenot, J. P., and Allen, V. G. 1988-1989. digestibility and nitrogen and mineral
metabolism by sheep fed ensiledtall fescue with different levels of endophyte infection. Animal
Science Research Report, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (8): 92-97.
Eco-SSL for Manganese 292 April 2007
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ABSTRACT
(Abstract)
ACUTE STUDIES
(Acu)
AIR POLLUTION
(AirP)
ALTERED RECEPTOR
(Alt)
AQUATIC STUDIES
(Aquatic)
ANATOMICAL STUDIES
(Anat)
BACTERIA
(Bact)
BIOACCUMULATION
SURVEY
(Bio Ace)
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT
(BioP)
BIOMARKER
(Biom)
CARCINOGENICITY
STUDIES
(Carcin)
CHEMICAL METHODS
(Chem Meth)
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
(CP)
DEAD
(Dead)
DISSERTATIONS
(Diss)
DRUG
(Drug)
DUPLICATE DATA
(Dup)
Description
Abstracts of journal publications or conference
presentations.
Single oral dose or exposure duration of three days or less.
Studies describing the results for air pollution studies.
Studies that describe the effects of the contaminant on
surgically-altered or chemically -modified receptors (e.g.,
right nephrectomy, left renal artery ligature, hormone
implant, etc.).
Studies that investigate toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Studies of anatomy. Instance where the contaminant is
used in physical studies (e.g., silver nitrate staining for
histology).
Studies on bacteria or susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Studies reporting the measurement of the concentration of
the contaminant in tissues.
Studies of biological toxicants, including venoms, fungal
toxins, Bacillus thuringiensis, other plant, animal, or
microbial extracts or toxins.
Studies reporting results for a biomarker having no
reported association with an adverse effect and an
exposure dose (or concentration).
Studies that report data only for carcinogenic endpoints
such as tumor induction. Papers that report systemic
toxicity data are retained for coding of appropriate
endpoints.
Studies reporting methods for determination of
contaminants, purification of chemicals, etc. Studies
describing the preparation and analysis of the contaminant
in the tissues of the receptor.
Studies reported in conference and symposium
proceedings.
Studies reporting results for dead organisms. Studies
reporting field mortalities with necropsy data where it is
not possible to establish the dose to the organism.
Dissertations are excluded. However, dissertations are
flagged for possible future use.
Studies reporting results for testing of drug and therapeutic
effects and side-effects. Therapeutic drugs include
vitamins and minerals. Studies of some minerals may be
included if there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies reporting results that are duplicated in a separate
publication. The publication with the earlier year is used.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
(Ecol)
EFFLUENT
(Effl)
ECOLOGICALLY
RELEVANT ENDPOINT
(ERE)
CONTAMINANT
FATE/METABOLISM
(Fate)
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(FL)
FOOD STUDIES
(Food)
FUNGUS
(Fungus)
GENE
(Gene)
HUMAN HEALTH
(HHE)
IMMUNOLOGY
(IMM)
INVERTEBRATE
(Invert)
IN VITRO
(In Vit)
LEAD SHOT
(Lead shot)
MEDIA
(Media)
METHODS
(Meth)
MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
(Mineral)
MIXTURE
(Mix)
Description
Studies of ecological processes that do not investigate
effects of contaminant exposure (e.g., studies of "silver"
fox natural history; studies on ferrets identified in iron
search).
Studies reporting effects of effluent, sewage, or polluted
runoff.
Studies reporting a result for endpoints considered as
ecologically relevant but is not used for deriving Eco-SSLs
(e.g., behavior, mortality).
Studies reporting what happens to the contaminant, rather
than what happens to the organism. Studies describing the
intermediary metabolism of the contaminant (e.g.,
radioactive tracer studies) without description of adverse
effects.
Studies in languages other than English.
Food science studies conducted to improve production of
food for human consumption.
Studies on fungus.
Studies of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and
mutagenicity).
Studies with human subjects.
Studies on the effects of contaminants on immuno logical
endpoints.
Studies that investigate the effects of contaminants on
terrestrial invertebrates are excluded.
In vitro studies, including exposure of cell cultures,
excised tissues and/or excised organs.
Studies administering lead shot as the exposure form.
These studies are labeled separately for possible later
retrieval and review.
Authors must report that the study was conducted using
natural or artificial soil. Studies conducted in pore water or
any other aqueous phase (e.g., hydroponic solution), filter
paper, petri dishes, manure, organic or histosoils (e.g., peat
muck, humus), are not considered suitable for use in
defining soil screening levels.
Studies reporting methods or methods development
without usable toxicity test results for specific endpoints.
Studies examining the minerals required for better
production of animals for human consumption, unless
there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies that report data for combinations of single
toxicants (e.g. cadmium and copper) are excluded.
Exposure in a field setting from contaminated natural soils
or waste application to soil may be coded as Field Survey.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
MODELING
(Model)
NO CONTAMINANT OF
CONCERN
(No COC)
NO CONTROL
(No Control)
NO DATA
(No Data)
NO DOSE or CONC
(No Dose)
NO DURATION
(No Dur)
NO EFFECT
(No Efct)
NO ORAL
(No Oral)
NO ORGANISM
(No Org) or NO SPECIES
NOT AVAILABLE
(Not Avail)
NOT PRIMARY
(Not Prim)
NO TOXICANT
(No Tox)
NO TOX DATA
(No Tox Data)
NUTRIENT
(Nutrient)
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
(Nut def)
NUTRITION
(Nut)
OTHER AMBIENT
CONDITIONS
(OAC)
Description
Studies reporting the use of existing data for modeling,
i.e., no new organism toxicity data are reported. Studies
which extrapolate effects based on known relationships
between parameters and adverse effects.
Studies that do not examine the toxicity of Eco-SSL
contaminants of concern.
Studies which lack a control or which have a control that is
classified as invalid for derivation of TRVs.
Studies for which results are stated in text but no data is
provided. Also refers to studies with insufficient data
where results are reported for only one organism per
exposure concentration or dose (wildlife).
Studies with no usable dose or concentration reported, or
an insufficient number of doses/concentrations are used
based on Eco-SSL SOPs. These are usually identified
after examination of full paper. This includes studies
which examine effects after exposure to contaminant
ceases. This also includes studies where offspring are
exposed in utero and/or lactation by doses to parents and
then after weaning to similar concentrations as their
parents. Dose cannot be determined.
Studies with no exposure duration. These are usually
identified after examination of full paper.
Studies with no relevant effect evaluated in a biological
test species or data not reported for effect discussed.
Studies using non-oral routes of contaminant
administration including intraperitoneal injection, other
injection, inhalation, and dermal exposures.
Studies that do not examine or test a viable organism (also
see in vitro rejection category).
Papers that could not be located. Citation from electronic
searches may be incorrect or the source is not readily
available.
Papers that are not the original compilation and/or
publication of the experimental data.
No toxicant used. Publications often report responses to
changes in water or soil chemistry variables, e.g., pH or
temperature. Such publications are not included.
Studies where toxicant used but no results reported that
had a negative impact (plants and soil invertebrates).
Nutrition studies reporting no concentration related
negative impact.
Studies of the effects of nutrient deficiencies. Nutritional
deficient diet is identified by the author. If reviewer is
uncertain then the administrator should be consulted.
Effects associated with added nutrients are coded.
Studies examining the best or minimum level of a
chemical in the diet for improvement of health or
maintenance of animals in captivity.
Studies which examine other ambient conditions: pH,
salinity, DO, UV, radiation, etc.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
OIL
(Oil)
OM,pH
(OM, pH)
ORGANIC METAL
(Org Met)
LEAD BEHAVIOR OR HIGH
DOSE MODELS
(Pb Behav)
PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
(Phys)
PLANT
(Plant)
PRIMATE
(Prim)
PUBLAS
(Publ as)
QSAR
(QSAR)
REGULATIONS
(Reg)
REVIEW
(Rev)
Description
Studies which examine the effects of oil and petroleum
products.
Organic matter content of the test soil must be reported by
the authors, but may be presented in one of the following
ways; total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic
carbon (POC), organic carbon (OC), coarse particulate
organic matter (CPOM), particulate organic matter (POM),
ash free dry weight of soil, ash free dry mass of soil,
percent organic matter, percent peat, loss on ignition
(LOI), organic matter content (OMC).
With the exception of studies on non-ionizing substances,
the study must report the pH of the soil, and the soil pH
should be within the range of >4 and <8.5. Studies that
do not report pH or report pH outside this range are
rejected.
Studies which examine the effects of organic metals. This
includes tetraethyl lead, triethyl lead, chromium
picolinate, phenylarsonic acid, roxarsone, 3-nitro-4-
phenylarsonic acid,, zinc phosphide, monomethylarsonic
acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO), or arsenobetaine (AsBe) and other organo
metallic fungicides. Metal acetates and methionines are
not rejected and are evaluated.
There are a high number of studies in the literature that
expose rats or mice to high concentrations of lead in
drinking water (0.1, 1 to 2% solutions) and then observe
behavior in offspring, and/or pathology changes in the
brain of the exposed dam and/or the progeny. Only a
representative subset of these studies were coded.
Behavior studies examining complex behavior (learned
tasks) were also not coded.
Physiology studies where adverse effects are not
associated with exposure to contaminants of concern.
Studies of terrestrial plants are excluded.
Primate studies are excluded.
The author states that the information in this report has
been published in another source. Data are recorded from
only one source. The secondary citation is noted as Publ
As.
Derivation of Quantitative Structure- Activity
Relationships (QSAR) is a form of modeling. QSAR
publications are rejected if raw toxicity data are not
reported or if the toxicity data are published elsewhere as
original data.
Regulations and related publications that are not a primary
source of data.
Studies in which the data reported in the article are not
primary data from research conducted by the author. The
publication is a compilation of data published elsewhere.
These publications are reviewed manually to identify other
relevant literature.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SCORE
(Score)
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SLUDGE
SOIL CONC
(Soil)
SPECIES
STRESSOR
(QAC)
SURVEY
(Surv)
REPTILE OR AMPHIBIAN
(Herp)
UNRELATED
(Unrel)
WATER QUALITY STUDY
(Wqual)
YEAST
(Yeast)
Description
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Papers in which all studies had data evaluation scores at or
lower then the acceptable cut-off (_s 10 of 18) for plants
and soil invertebrates).
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Studies on the effects of ingestion of soils amended with
sewage sludge.
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in soil.
Studies in which the species of concern was not a
terrestrial invertebrate or plant or mammal or bird.
Studies examining the interaction of a stressor (e.g.,
radiation, heat, etc.) and the contaminant, where the effect
of the contaminant alone cannot be isolated.
Studies reporting the toxicity of a contaminant in the field
over a period of time. Often neither a duration nor an
exposure concentration is reported.
Studies on reptiles and amphibians. These papers flagged
for possible later review.
Studies that are unrelated to contaminant exposure and
response and/or the receptor groups of interest.
Studies of water quality.
Studies of yeast.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
-------
Soil Seroonlnq
Appendix 5-1
Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TR V) - Manganese
April 2007
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 1 of 2
Ref
Result #
Z;
"8
a
v
tj
C
o>
s2
v
<£
Exposure
Chemical Form
MW%
I
*3
8.
t/5
$
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
1
&
~y
1
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
v
%
Age Units
Lifestage
X
3
Control Type
Test Location
Endpoint Number
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
3
o
H
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
5345
6363
8426
6363
6363
7710
Martinez and Diaz, 1 996
Southern and Baker, 1983
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Edens and Laskey, 1990
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese carbonate
Manganes oxide (Mn3O4)
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
1
4
1
4
4
1
4
4
2
4
4
2
0/372/744/1488
0/3000/4000/5000
0/575
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/5000
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
14
14
10
14
14
10
d
d
w
d
d
w
1
14
1
7
7
0
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
3
5
3
3
1
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HMGL
HMGL
TSTR
HMGL
HMGL
GLUC
BL
BL
SR
BL
BL
SR
744
4000
575
1488
5000
3000
3000
5000
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
0.2723
0.318
0.099
0.316
0.305
0.09
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
0.07278
0.02761
1.9697
0.02749
0.02687
0.01214
199
347
575
398
434
261
264
674
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
6
10
6
6
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
77
76
67
70
70
69
Behavior
7
8
9
10
5345
6195
6305
8426
Martinez and Diaz, 1 996
Black etal., 1985
Black etal, 1984
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
2
0/372/744/1488
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/575
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
N
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
42
3
21
75
d
w
d
d
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
3
2
0
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WO
WO
WO
WO
744
2000
3000
575
1488
3000
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.8493
0.5151
0.5376
0.099
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.07278
0.0329
0.0362
1.9697
29.3
128
202
575
58.6
192
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
10
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
80
80
74
68
Physiology
11
12
6305
6215
Black etal, 1984
Brown and Southern, 1985
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate
Pathology
13
14
6054
8426
Halpmetal, 1986
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese oxide
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
4
2
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1500
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
N
na
na
ADL
ADL
U
U
FD
FD
21
14
d
d
1
4
d
d
JV
JV
M
M
C
C
Lab
Lab
3
2
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
FDCV
WO
WO
3000
1500
Y
Y
0.5376
0.5139
N
N
0.03886
0.03773
217
110
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
6
6
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
4
4
73
73
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
1
1
3
2
0/2.6/26
0/575
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
NR
NR
na
na
2 per d
ADL
U
U
GV
FD
14
70
d
d
8
1
d
d
JV
JV
M
M
C
C
Lab
Lab
2
3
PTH
PTH
ORW
ORW
ORWT
ORWT
TB
LI
26
575
Y
Y
0.388
0.099
N
Y
0.03142
1.9697
67.0
575
10
10
8
10
10
5
10
10
6
10
4
4
4
4
1
10
10
10
4
4
67
77
Reproduction
15
16
17
5474
5474
8426
Sazzadetal, 1994
Sazzadetal, 1994
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
2
2
1
2
2
2
0/306
0/323
0/575
mg/d
mg/d
mg/kg bw/d
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
12
12
75
w
w
d
23
23
1
w
w
d
LB
LB
JV
F
F
M
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
1
4
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
PROG
PROG
TEWT
WO
WO
TE
306
323
575
N
N
Y
1.6
1.6
0.099
Y
Y
Y
0.99
0.98
1.9697
191
202
575
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
1
1
8
10
10
10
4
4
4
70
70
81
Growth
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
6772
7191
5728
6054
6087
5700
44196
6215
6195
6305
5788
5788
5345
6382
6363
14404
6363
6363
6363
8426
2196
Spulkamy etal, 1976
Settle etal, 1969
Wedekind and Baker, 1990
Halpmetal, 1986
Henry etal., 1986
Baker and Halpm, 1991
De Rosa etal, 1980
Brown and Southern, 1985
Black etal., 1985
Black etal, 1984
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Martinez and Diaz, 1 996
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Vohra and Kratzer, 1968
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Laskey and Edens, 1985
Leeson and Summers, 1982
Manganese Sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate hydroxide
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese dioxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese oxide
Manganous oxide
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
4
4
4
1
1
5
3
3
3
0
2
-)
2
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
9
4
4
4
2
5
0/5.85/6.61/7.44/11.64
0/220/330
0/13.6/28.29
0/2.6/26
0/1000
0/1000
0/1000
0/1500
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/372/744/1488
0/1500/3000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/510/1020/2040/3000/3060/3620/4080/4800
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/575
0/110/220/440/880
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
2 per d
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
4
14
14
21
14
1
14
3
21
21
21
14
14
14
21
14
14
14
75
21
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
1
1
8
8
1
8
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
NR
7
7
7
1
1
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
NR
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
B
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
11.64
330
28.29
26
1000
1000
1000
1500
3000
3000
3000
3000
744
3000
3000
4080
5000
5000
5000
575
880
1488
4000
4800
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
0.5033
0.509
0.564
0.388
0.564
0.309
0.2276
0.5139
0.4668
0.5376
0.564
0.564
0.2723
0.35
0.316
0.5
0.316
0.311
0.308
0.099
0.564
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
0.05401
0.0375
0.04009
0.03142
0.0405
0.02709
0.0222
0.03773
0.0306
0.0362
0.04009
0.04009
0.07886
0.02938
0.02749
0.03706
0.02749
0.02721
0.02704
1.9697
0.7178
23.1
24.3
50.2
67.0
71.8
87.7
97.6
110
197
202
213
213
215
252
261
302
435
437
439
575
1120
431
348
356
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
5
5
7
6
6
5
6
6
6
10
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
1
6
1
1
10
1
10
10
1
1
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
69
68
67
71
68
68
71
77
69
74
67
67
84
68
83
82
68
68
68
81
68
Survival
39
40
6252
14404
Black etal., 1984
Vohra and Kratzer, 1968
Manganese
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo )
1
1
4
9
0/1000/2000/4000
0/510/1020/2040/3000/3060/3620/4080/4800
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
NR
na
na
ADL
ADL
U
U
FD
FD
26
21
d
d
4
NR
d
NR
JV
JV
B
B
C
C
Lab
Lab
-)
2
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
4000
4800
N
N
1.042
0.5
Y
N
0.0563
0.03706
216
356
10
10
10
10
5
5
4
10
6
5
9
9
4
4
10
1
10
10
4
4
72
68
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
6772
6772
5345
5345
6087
6087
6087
5700
Spulkamy et al, 1976
Spulkamy etal, 1976
Martinez and Diaz, 1 996
Martinez and Diaz, 1 996
Henry etal., 1986
Henry etal., 1986
Henry etal., 1986
Baker and Halpm, 1991
Manganese Sulfate
Manganese Sulfate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
4
4
2
2
2
2
0/5.85/6.61/7.44/11.64
0/5.85/6.61/7.44/11.64
0/372/744/1488
0/372/744/1488
0/1000
0/1000
0/1000
0/1000
mg/org/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
7
42
42
21
21
21
14
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
o
4
5
2
4
3
3
BEH
PHY
PTH
PHY
BEH
PHY
PTH
BIO
FOB
PHY
ORW
PHY
FOB
PHY
ORW
CHM
FCNS
FDCV
ORWT
FDCV
FCNS
FDCV
SMTX
HMGL
wo
wo
HE
wo
wo
wo
IN
BL
11.64
11.64
1488
1488
1000
1000
1000
1000
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
0.5033
0.5033
1.7524
1.7524
0.564
0.564
0.564
0.309
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
5.4E-05
5.4E-05
0.07886
0.07886
0.0405
0.0405
0.0405
0.02709
23.1
23.1
67.0
67.0
71.8
71.8
71.8
87.7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
65
65
65
65
64
64
64
61
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 2 of2
Ref
Result #
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Z;
"8
a
5700
44196
5728
5728
5983
5983
5983
5474
5474
6195
5474
5474
5474
5788
5788
5788
5788
6252
6252
6252
6382
6382
6363
6363
6363
6363
6363
2196
2196
v
u
C
o>
s2
v
<£
Baker and Halpin, 1991
DeRosaetal, 1980
Wedekind and Baker, 1990
Wedekind and Baker, 1990
Henry etal., 1987
Henry etal., 1987
Henry etal., 1987
Sazzadetal, 1994
Sazzadetal, 1994
Black etal., 1985
Sazzadetal, 1994
Sazzadetal, 1994
Sazzadetal, 1994
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Wong-Valle et al, 1989
Black etal., 1984
Black etal., 1984
Black etal., 1984
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Southern and Baker, 1983
Leeson and Summers, 1982
Leeson and Summers, 1982
Exposure
Chemical Form
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese sulfate hydroxide
Manganese sulfate hydroxide
Manganese dioxide
Manganese dioxide
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganous oxide
Manganous oxide
MW%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
I
*3
8.
t/5
$
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Phase #
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
2
2
4
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
1
S
~y
1
0/1000
0/1000
0/13.6/28.29
0/13.6/28.29
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/306
0/306
0/1000/2000/3000
0/323
0/323
0/323
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/1000/2000/4000
0/1000/2000/4000
0/1000/2000/4000
0/1500/3000
0/1500/3000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/3000/4000/5000
0/110/220/440/880
0/110/220/440/880
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org
mg/org
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
14
1
14
14
21
21
21
12
12
3
12
12
12
21
21
21
21
26
26
26
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
21
21
Duration Units
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
-------
Soil Seroonlnq
Appendix 6-1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife
ToxicityReference Value (TRY) -Manganese
April 2007
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 1 of 3
Ref
Result #
Z;
1
c
1
Exposure
S
1
1
B
u
.c
o
5S
1
1
«
H
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
£
if,
3
>^
i
s
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Eva uation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
^
o
H
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
34921
36002
35470
33403
35707
36045
33403
14461
33573
57
34755
14471
34740
34791
34849
1282
14465
35114
33573
34586
34674
13236
35173
33786
33786
33786
33786
34677
34922
35583
Deskin, etal, 1980
Mohamedetal, 1986
Bhootetal, 1981
Lipe, etal, 1999
BomllaandPrasad, 1984
KonturandFechter, 1985
Lipe, etal, 1999
Cunningham et al, 1966
Desole et al, 1995
Rehnberg et al, 1980
Laskeyetal, 1985
Reid, etal, 1947
Svensson et al, 1985
Sethetal, 1977
Magouretal, 1983
Derevenco et al, 1988
Hartman et al., 1955
Halacheva and Nikolova, 1975
Desole et al, 1995
Hastings and Llewellyn, 1987
Kristensson et al, 1986
Ranaetal, 1985
BomllaandDiez-Ewald, 1974
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Bomlla, 1978
Chandra and Shukla, 1981
Bomlla, 1980
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese Chloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride
Manganese sulfate
Manganese chloride
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese Sulfate
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride
Manganese sulfate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride
Manganese sulfate
Manganese chloride
Manganous chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese carbonate
Manganese dioxide
Manganese acetate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Managese chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.66
100
100
100
100
27.8
100
43
100
100
43.66
100
100
100
43.66
100
100
100
100
43.66
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Water buffalo (Bubalus carabanensis )
Cattle (Bostaurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bostaurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bostaurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/1/10/20
0/574.68/697.68
0/100/250
0/10/20
0/0.1/1.0
0/6.9/13.8
0/10/20
0/1000/2000/3000
0/30/100/200
0/21/71/214
0/71
0/0.36
0/128.6
0/15
0/6.6
0/20/300
0/1000/2000
0/75
0/200
0/1149
0/150
0/0.25
0/5
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/10
0/1
0/10
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
% in diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
g/kg bw/d
mg/ml
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
CON
2perd
DLY
DLY
ADL
6 per w
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
EOD
2 per d
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
GV
FD
FD
GV
DR
GV
GV
FD
GV
GV
GV
FD
GV
GV
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
GV
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
24
90
66
30
8
21
30
100
7
20
21
5
20
30
3
13
11
60
7
10
12
30
7
100
100
100
100
2
15
1
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
mo
d
mi
1
13-19
1
90
NR
1
30
10
20
1
0
NR
2
NR
3
NR
66-69
NR
3
NR
3
90
NR
6
6
6
6
NR
NR
NR
d
mo
yr
d
NR
d
d
w
mo
d
d
NR
d
NR
w
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
d
d
NR
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
IV
IV
IV
AD
IV
IV
IV
IV
AD
IV
IV
LC
IV
LC
IV
NR
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
M
M
F
M
M
B
M
M
M
B
M
F
B
F
F
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldU
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
2
3
2
2
2
i
3
1
5
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
i
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HRM
HRM
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
HRM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
GHRM
CALC
HMGL
TTAA
NORE
DOPA
TTAA
HMGL
DOPA
HMGL
TSTR
CALC
CALC
SCDH
PRTL
GENZ
HMGL
ATPT
DOPA
CHOL
GHRM
GLYC
DOPA
RBCE
TWBC
RBCE
TWBC
GENZ
TYRO
GENZ
BR
SR
BL
BR
BR
BR
BR
BL
BR
BL
SR
PL
SR
BR
BR
BR
BL
BR
BR
SR
BR
LI
BR
BL
BL
BL
BL
BR
SR
BR
1
679.68
250
10
0.1
13.8
20
1000
100
71
71
0.36
128.6
10
20
1
2000
200
214
15
6.6
20
1000
75
200
1149
150
0.25
5
2
2
2
2
10
i
10
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.075
375.33
146.5
0.43
0.25
0.035
0.2752
223
0.7
0.045
0.0529
409
0.267
0.22
0.156
0.5
34
0.12
0.35
0.097
0.267
0.1
0.3
0.0282
0.0282
0.0282
0.0282
0.3
0.06
0.25
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
n
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.008171
8.97686
4.13
0.03433
0.02843
0.004367
0.023787
5.39
0.051242
0.005369
0.006132
9.633704
0.023203
0.019789
0.018597
0.038861
1.247
0.012024
0.028985
0.010094
0.023203
0.01035
0.035
0.0037
0.0038
0.004
0.004
0.0338
0.032
0.0306
1.00
1.81
7.05
10.0
11.4
13.8
20.0
24.2
43.7
71.0
71.0
84.8
129
10.0
20.0
114
48.3
87.3
214
4.17
6.60
8.60
36.7
75.0
87.3
120
150
250
255
262
270
284
284
492
533
1224
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
8
5
8
8
10
8
8
8
10
8
8
5
10
10
8
8
10
8
8
5
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
10
6
10
10
7
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
4
4
10
8
4
4
10
10
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
1
8
10
10
3
8
10
10
10
6
8
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
81
66
69
79
69
70
75
77
79
81
73
67
68
77
69
74
69
77
77
69
77
77
66
71
71
66
71
66
66
66
Behavior
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
136
35470
14461
35824
14461
35824
35826
34752
33786
33786
33786
33511
1282
34806
34892
35826
34669
34850
34677
Gershbe in etal 1983
Bhootetal, 1981
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Black etal, 1985
KonturandFechter, 1985
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Gaillard etal, 1996
Derevenco et al, 1988
Bomlla, 1984
All etal., 1981
Black etal, 1985
Nachtman et al, 1986
Chandra, 1983
Bomlla, 1978
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese sulfate
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese oxide
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese carbonate
Manganese dioxide
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese tetrahydrate
Manganese oxide
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese
Manganese (II) chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.66
100
100
100
100
43
100
21.5
100
100
100
43.66
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bostaurus)
Cattle (Bos taunts )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Cattle (Bostaurus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
4
2
2
2
0/75
0/100/250
0/820/2460/4920
0/500/1000/2000/4000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/2000/4000/8000
0/3000/6000/9000
0/0.18/0.30/0.45
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/554
0/20/300
0/0.1/5.0
0/1
0/3000/6000/9000
0/1
0/1
0/10
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
g/d
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/ml
ppm in mg/kj
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
CON
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
OR
DR
DR
DR
80
66
84
84
100
84
21
21
100
100
100
11
13
1
90
7
5
30
2
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
mo
d
d
w
d
mo
44
1
10
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
6
6
6
3
NR
NR
40
NR
6
NR
NR
d
yr
w
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
d
NR
w
NR
NR
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
GE
IV
IV
IV
IV
NR
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
i
i
2
i
2
i
i
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
BEH
BEH
FOB
NMVM
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GBHV
ACTV
RSPT
FCNS
ACTV
AGGT
FCNS
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
75
250
820
2000
3000
4000
6000
0.18
2
2
2
554
2460
4000
8000
9000
0.3
20
0.1
1
3000
1
1
10
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.47
146.5
229
38.4
219
39.8
47
0.48418
0.0282
0.0282
0.0282
0.445
0.5
0.25
0.267
47
0.389
0.25
0.3
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
0.036934
4.13
6.05
1.14
5.39
1.11
1.18
0.0358
0.0037
0.0038
0.004
0.027
0.038861
0.02843
0.030164
1.19
0.042324
0.02843
0.0338
5.89
7.05
21.7
59.4
73.8
112
151
162
262
270
284
554
65.0
119
223
226
271
8.60
11.4
24.3
76.0
109
114
492
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
8
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
10
6
5
7
6
6
7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
66
74
80
80
74
80
80
75
67
70
70
69
77
68
67
77
68
68
69
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
April 2007
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 2 of 3
Ref
Result #
Z;
1
c
1
Exposure
S
1
1
B
u
.c
o
5S
1
1
«
H
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
£
if,
3
>^
i
s
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Eva uation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
^
o
H
Physiology
50
51
52
35824
14461
35824
Black etal, 1985
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate
Manganese carbonate
100
100
100
Sheep (Ovis dries')
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
2
2
2
5
4
4
0/500/1000/2000/4000
0/1000/2000/3000
0/2000/4000/8000
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
ADL
CON
ADL
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
84
100
84
d
d
d
NR
10
NR
NR
w
NR
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
4
4
3
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
WO
WO
wo
1000
3000
4000
2000
8000
Y
Y
Y
46.2
219
39.8
Y
Y
Y
1.46
5.39
1.11
31.6
73.8
112
63.2
223
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
7
7
7
4
4
4
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
80
74
80
Pathology
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
34702
34921
57
34740
1282
14460
35046
13236
Kayongo-Male etal, 1977
Deskin, etal, 1981
Rehnberg et al, 1980
Svensson et al, 1985
Derevenco et al, 1988
Chandra and Imam, 1973
Wassermann and Wassermann, 197
Ranaetal, 1985
Manganese carbonate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese Oxide
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganous chloride
100
100
100
100
43
100
100
100
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Guinea pig (Caviidae cavia )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
2
4
4
2
3
2
2
2
0/56
0/1/10/20
0/21/71/214
0/128.6
0/20/300
0/10
0/200
0/0.25
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
g/kg bw/d
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
DLY
6 per w
NR
DLY
ADL
DLY
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
GV
GV
GV
FD
GV
DR
GV
10
24
11
20
13
30
10
30
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
NR
1
1
2
NR
NR
2
90
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
mo
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
B
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
HIS
ORW
GHIS
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
NCRO
GHIS
SMLX
BO
BR
BR
TB
BR
IN
LI
LI
56
20
21
128.6
71
20
10
200
0.25
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
61
0.07
0.0295
0.267
0.5
0.35
0.235
0.1
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
2.016034
0.00772
0.003794
0.023203
0.038861
0.028985
0.02689
0.01035
1.85
20.0
21.0
129
71.0
8.60
10.0
22.9
250
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
10
8
5
8
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
1
8
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
68
78
84
71
77
80
67
80
Reproduction
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
14464
57
35143
35143
35143
35143
33496
34752
56
34895
14459
1717
34755
Grummeretal, 1950
Rehnberg et al, 1980
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
Pappasetal, 1997
Kontur and Fechter, 1985
Laskeyetal, 1982
Leung etal, 1982
Becker and McCollum, 1938
Batamehetal., 1998
Laskeyetal, 1985
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese Oxide
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese oxide
Manganese chloride tetrachloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese sulfate dihydrate
Manganese oxide (Mn3O4)
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.66
43.66
100
100
100
24.07
100
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
5
5
5
5
3
4
4
3
5
2
2
0/120
0/21/71/214
0/0.763/3.63/16.9/78.3
0/1.12/5.20/24.2/112.0
0/1.25/5.81/27.0/125.0
0/1.36/6.32/29.3/136.0
0/0.35/1.42
0/0.18/0.30/0.45
0/350/1050/3500
0/10/20
0/0.00998/0.02495/0.0499/0.095
0/1000
0/71
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/g bw/d
g/d
mg/kg diet
mg/ml
g/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
GV
GV
GV
GV
GV
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
DR
GV
124
20
9
12
9
4
30
21
43
26
730
12
21
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
9
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0
w
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
GE
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
AD
JV
F
B
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
4
2
2
2
2
i
3
i
i
i
2
2
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
PROG
RHIS
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PRWT
PRWT
PRWT
PRWT
TEDG
TEWT
TEWT
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
TE
TE
TE
120
21
78.3
112
125
136
0.35
0.3
3500
10
0.0998
71
1.42
0.45
20
1000
71
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
99.92641
0.0566
0.281
2.31
0.0407
0.1265
0.338
0.4738
0.344
0.462
0.05
0.36266
0.0529
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
2.36
0.006483
0.024199
0.136724
0.004944
0.012557
0.003729
0.0296
0.028576
0.04941
0.01
0.039736
0.006132
2.83
21.0
78.3
112
125
136
153
276
291
1069
1996
71.0
620
415
2139
26.4
71.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
8
8
5
5
10
5
10
5
8
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
5
7
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
8
4
4
4
4
8
10
4
10
4
4
4
1
10
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
71
90
77
77
77
77
82
81
78
79
77
67
86
Growth
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
34990
36002
34656
14464
136
35470
34504
36045
14468
33403
34921
57
14461
35824
34755
14461
35143
14468
34669
35824
35143
35143
35143
34752
33786
33786
34574
33511
33403
33786
33786
Ivan and Grieve, 1975
Mohamedetal, 1986
Svajgretal., 1969
Grummeretal, 1950
Gershbe in etal 1983
Bhootetal, 1981
Lee and Johnson, 1988
Kontur and Fechter, 1985
Leibholz et al, 1962
Lipe et al, 1999
Deskin, etal, 1981
Rehnberg et al, 1980
Cunningham et al, 1966
Black etal, 1985
Laskeyetal, 1985
Cunningham et al, 1966
USD A, 1973
Leibholz et al, 1962
Nachtman et al, 1986
Black etal, 1985
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
Kontur and Fechter, 1985
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Johnson and Kies, 1987
Gaillard etal, 1996
Lipe et al, 1999
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese Oxide
Manganese sulfate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide (Mn3O4)
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese carbonate
Manganese dioxide
Manganese carbonate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride
Manganese acetate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.66
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Water buffalo (Bubalus carabanensis )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Sheep (Ovisaries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
4
2
1
2
4
4
4
1
4
4
1
1
2
4
4
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
5
2
4
5
6
2
4
5
5
5
4
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
0/50
0/574.68/697.68
0/100
0/120
0/75
0/100/250
0/43.8/82.4
0/6.9/13.8
0/40/400/4000
0/10/20
0/1/10/20
0/21/71/214
0/820/2460/4920
0/500/1000/2000/4000
0/71
0/1000/2000/3000
0/0.763/3.63/16.9/78.3
0/25/75/225/675/2025
0/1
0/2000/4000/8000
0/1.12/5.20/24.2/112.0
0/1.25/5.81/27.0/125.0
0/1.36/6.32/29.3/136.0
0/0.18/0.30/0.45
0/2
0/2
0/450/4550
0/554
0/10/20
0/2
0/2
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/ml
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
g/d
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
g/kg diet
g/kg diet
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
CON
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
GV
GV
FD
FD
GV
FD
GV
FD
DR
FD
GV
GV
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
FD
10
90
84
124
80
66
2
21
10
30
24
5
84
84
21
100
9
6
65
84
12
9
4
21
100
100
56
11
24
30
30
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
22-28
13-19
NR
9
44
1
NR
1
2
30
1
1
10
NR
0
10
NR
2
6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
6
6
NR
3
90
6
6
w
mo
NR
w
d
yr
NR
d
w
d
d
d
w
NR
d
w
mo
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
NR
w
d
w
w
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
M
M
B
B
M
F
B
B
B
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
F
B
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
NR
FieldA
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
i
i
i
i
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
i
i
i
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
50
697.68
50
120
75
250
82.4
13.8
400
20
20
21
820
2000
71
3000
78.3
2025
1
4000
112
125
136
0.18
2
2
4550
554
4000
71
2460
4000
8000
0.3
10
2
2
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
229.8
375.33
87.86
99.92641
0.47
146.5
0.227
0.035
37.3
0.2752
0.07
0.0144
229
38.4
0.0529
219
0.281
14.6
0.739
39.8
2.31
0.0407
0.1265
0.48418
0.0282
0.0282
0.272
0.445
0.43
0.0282
0.0282
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
5.997724
8.97686
2.41
2.36
0.036934
4.13
0.020305
0.004367
1.345555
0.023787
0.00772
0.002104
6.05
1.14
0.006132
5.39
0.024199
0.622379
0.075408
1.11
0.136724
0.004944
0.012557
0.0358
0.0037
0.0038
0.02356
0.027
0.03433
0.004
0.004
1.30
1.86
2.74
2.83
5.89
7.05
7.37
13.8
14.4
20.0
20.0
21.0
21.7
59.4
71.0
73.8
78.3
86.3
102
112
112
125
136
162
262
270
394
554
144
71.0
65.0
119
223
271
10.0
284
284
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
8
8
10
10
8
10
8
10
5
10
8
8
8
5
10
10
10
5
8
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
6
6
7
7
6
7
6
10
6
10
10
10
7
7
10
7
10
6
6
7
10
10
10
7
7
7
6
7
10
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
8
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
10
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
68
73
69
69
68
71
68
75
81
75
75
88
84
84
84
69
75
68
72
84
75
75
75
79
69
69
68
73
80
73
78
Survival
105
57 |Rebnberg et al, 1980 [Manganese Oxide
100 \Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
1
4
0/21/71/214
mg/kg bw/d
NR
na
DLY
u
GV
17
d
1
d
JV
B
c
Lab
1 |MOR|MOR| SURV |WO| 21
71
Y
0.0483
N
0.005691
21.0
71.0
10 | 8
10
10
10
9
8
10
10
4
89
Eco-SSLfor Manganese
April 2007
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Manganese
Page 3 of 3
Ref
Result #
106
107
108
109
Z;
1
35143
35143
35143
35143
c
1
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
USD A, 1973
Exposure
S
1
1
B
u
.c
o
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
5S
100
100
100
100
1
1
«
H
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mm musculus )
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Phase #
4
4
4
4
# of Cone/ Doses
5
5
5
5
Cone/ Doses
0/0.763/3.63/16.9/78.3
0/1.12/5.20/24.2/112.0
0/1.25/5.81/27.0/125.0
0/1.36/6.32/29.3/136.0
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
Wet Weight Reported?
NR
NR
NR
NR
Percent Moisture
na
na
na
na
Application Frequency
DLY
DLY
DLY
DLY
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
u
Route of Exposure
GV
GV
GV
GV
Exposure Duration
9
12
9
4
Duration Units
d
d
d
d
&
•<
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
GE
GE
GE
GE
x
»
F
F
F
F
Control Type
C
C
C
c
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
1
1
1
1
General Effect Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect Type
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect Measure
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
Study NOAEL
78.3
112
125
136
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
£
if,
3
>^
i
s
Body Weight Reported?
Y
N
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
0.281
2.3
0.0407
0.1265
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.024199
0.136238
0.004944
0.012557
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
78.3
112
125
136
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Eva uation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
8
8
8
8
Test Concentrations
10
10
10
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
10
10
10
Endpoint
9
9
9
9
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
1
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
^
o
H
76
85
85
80
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
34990
34702
34656
34656
757
757
136
2640
2640
34892
35742
14468
14468
14461
14461
14461
35501
35501
35501
35707
35824
34586
14468
14468
35824
35826
35826
33786
55
34574
33511
34791
34892
1717
1717
34850
33705
35726
35726
34916
34621
Ivan and Grieve, 1975
Kayongo-Male etal, 1977
Svajgretal., 1969
Svajgretal., 1969
Mercado andBibby 1973
Mercado andBibby 1973
Gershbe in etal 1983
Freundt and Ibrahim, 1990
Freundt and Ibrahim, 1990
All etal., 1981
Ho etal, 1984
Leibholz et al, 1962
Leibholz et al, 1962
Cunningham et al, 1966
Cunningham et al, 1966
Cunningham et al, 1966
Ivan and Hidiroglou, 1980
Ivan and Hidiroglou, 1980
Ivan and Hidiroglou, 1980
BomllaandPrasad, 1984
Black etal, 1985
Hastings and Llewellyn, 1987
Leibholz et al, 1962
Leibholz et al, 1962
Black etal, 1985
Black etal, 1985
Black etal, 1985
Komura and Sakamoto, 1991
Carter etal, 1980
Johnson and Kies, 1987
Gaillard etal, 1996
Sethetal, 1977
All etal., 1981
Batamehetal., 1998
Batamehetal., 1998
Chandra, 1983
Chan etal, 1992
All etal, 1983
Ah etal, 1983
Hietanen et al, 1981
Eriksson etal, 1987
Manganese sulfate monohydrate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese (II) chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride
Manganese tetrahydrate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese sulfate hydrate
Manganese Chloride
Manganese oxide
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Manganese carbonate
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide
Manganese acetate
Manganese oxide
Manganese carbonate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese tetrahydrate
Manganese sulfate dihydrate
Manganese sulfate dihydrate
Manganese
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese chloride
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
21.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
27.8
21.5
24.07
24.07
100
14.53
100
100
100
100
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Cattle (Bos taurus}
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taunts')
Cattle (Bos taurus)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
5
2
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/50
0/56
0/100
0/100
0/50
0/50
0/75
0/100
0/100
0/1
0/1000
0/25/75/225/675/2025
0/25/75/225/675/2025
0/820/2460/4920
0/820/2460/4920
0/820/2460/4920
0/300/3000
0/300/3000
0/300/3000
0/0.1/1.0
0/500/1000/2000/4000
0/1149
0/40/400/4000
0/40/400/4000
0/2000/4000/8000
0/3000/6000/9000
0/3000/6000/9000
0/2
0/400/1100/3550
0/450/4550
0/554
0/15
0/1
0/1000
0/1000
0/1
0/10
0/3
0/3
0/0.5
0/10
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/ml
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/ml
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ppm in mg/kj
g/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/L
mg/L
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
% in diet
g/L
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
N
N
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
10
10
84
84
50
50
80
91
91
180
3
6
6
84
84
84
56
56
56
8
84
10
10
10
84
21
21
100
43
56
11
15
30
12
12
30
26
90
90
1
60
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
22-28
NR
NR
NR
23
23
44
NR
NR
40
130
2
2
10
10
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
2
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
NR
3
NR
40
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2.5-3.5
20
w
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
w
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
LC
JV
AD
AD
JV
LC
AD
AD
AD
JV
M
B
B
B
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
B
B
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
FieldA
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
2
2
3
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
2
3
3
4
2
3
1
1
3
1
3
2
4
2
2
2
1
2
3
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
i
PHY
BIO
BEH
PHY
PHY
GRO
PTH
BEH
GRO
GRO
BIO
BIO
PHY
BIO
BIO
PHY
BEH
PHY
GRO
PTH
BIO
PTH
BIO
PHY
BIO
BIO
BIO
BEH
REP
BIO
PHY
REP
BIO
BEH
PTH
BIO
REP
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
PHY
CHM
FOB
PHY
PHY
GRO
HIS
FOB
GRO
GRO
CHM
CHM
PHY
CHM
CHM
PHY
FOB
PHY
GRO
ORW
CHM
HIS
CHM
PHY
CHM
CHM
CHM
FOB
REP
CHM
PHY
REP
HRM
BEH
GRS
HRM
REP
ENZ
ITX
ENZ
HRM
FDCV
PCON
FCNS
FDCV
GPHY
BDWT
GHIS
WCON
BDWT
BDWT
HMGL
HMGL
FDCV
HMGL
HMGL
FDCV
FCNS
FDCV
BDWT
ORWT
HMGL
GHIS
HMGL
FDCV
HMGL
HMCT
HMCT
FCNS
OTHR
CHOL
EXCR
OTHR
DOPA
AGGT
BDWT
DOPA
OTHR
GENZ
CONV
AHHD
DOPA
wo
SR
WO
wo
XX
wo
MT
NR
WO
WO
BL
BL
WO
BL
BL
WO
WO
WO
WO
BR
BL
LI
BL
WO
BL
BL
BL
WO
PY
SR
UB
PY
BR
WO
WO
MU
PY
BR
WO
LI
BR
50
56
50
50
50
50
75
100
100
1
1000
2025
2025
4920
4920
4920
3000
3000
3000
1
4000
1149
4000
4000
8000
9000
9000
2
3550
4550
554
15
1
1000
1000
1
10
3
3
0.5
10
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
229.8
61
87.86
87.86
0.267
0.267
0.47
0.33
0.33
0.267
89
14.6
14.6
196
196
196
34
34
34
0.25
38.4
0.097
34.1
34.1
36.8
47
47
0.0282
0.344
0.272
0.445
0.22
0.267
0.36266
0.36266
0.25
0.297
0.4702
0.4702
0.462
0.267
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
6.00
2.016034
2.41
2.41
0.030164
0.030164
0.036934
0.0365
0.0365
0.030164
2.750143
0.622379
0.622379
4.45
4.45
4.45
1.268
1.268
1.268
0.02843
1.14
0.010094
1.249916
1.249916
0.99
1.178
1.22
0.004
0.028576
0.02356
0.027
0.019789
0.030164
0.039736
0.039736
0.02843
0.033198
0.050198
0.050198
0.04941
0.030164
1.30
1.85
2.74
2.74
5.65
5.65
5.89
11.1
11.1
24.3
30.9
86.3
86.3
112
112
112
112
112
112
114
119
120
147
146.6
215
226
234
284
295
394
554
4.17
24.3
26.4
26.4
114
162
320
320
535
1130
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
5
8
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
4
4
10
10
6
5
7
7
5
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
7
5
6
6
7
7
7
7
5
6
7
10
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
1
4
4
4
8
4
4
8
8
1
1
4
1
1
4
4
4
8
4
1
4
1
4
1
1
1
4
10
1
4
10
1
4
4
1
10
1
4
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
6
10
1
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
3
10
10
10
10
3
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
64
65
65
65
58
62
64
59
63
62
61
61
64
62
62
65
61
61
65
61
62
63
61
64
62
62
65
65
78
61
65
86
64
61
61
65
73
58
61
57
64
All abbreviations and definitions are used in
*NOAEL and LOAEL values that are equal
coding stuides are available from Attachment 4
and from the same reference represent different
-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
experimental designs. These are designated with different Phase numbers.
Eco-SSL for Manganese
April 2007
------- |