Ecological Soil Screening Levels
for
Vanadium
Interim Final
OSWER Directive 9285.7-75
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
April 2005
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR VANADIUM 2
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS 3
4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES 5
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE 5
5.1 Avian TRV 5
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSL 5.
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE 10
6.1 Mammalian TRV 10
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSL 14_
7.0 REFERENCES 15
7.1 General Vanadium References !_5
7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs 16.
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
16
7.4 References Used for Derivation of Wildlife TRVs 18
7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs 23_
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Vanadium Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) 3.
Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Vanadium 4
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) -
Vanadium 6
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Vanadium K)
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value
(TRV) - Vanadium 11
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Vanadium 14_
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Vanadium Pools in Soil (from Alloway, 1990) 2
Figure 2.2 Typical Background Concentrations of Vanadium in U.S. Soils 3_
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Vanadium 9
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Vanadium 1_3
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Vanadium
Appendix 6-1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Vanadium
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) are concentrations of contaminants in soil that are
protective of ecological receptors that commonly come into contact with and/or consume biota
that live in or on soil. Eco-SSLs are derived separately for four groups of ecological receptors:
plants, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals. As such, these values are presumed to provide
adequate protection of terrestrial ecosystems. Eco-SSLs are derived to be protective of the
conservative end of the exposure and effects species distribution, and are intended to be applied
at the screening stage of an ecological risk assessment. These screening levels should be used to
identify the contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) that require further evaluation in the
site-specific baseline ecological risk assessment that is completed according to specific guidance
(U.S. EPA, 1997, 1998, and 1999). The Eco-SSLs are not designed to be used as cleanup levels
and the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that it would
be inappropriate to adopt or modify the intended use of these Eco-SSLs as national cleanup
standards.
The detailed procedures used to derive Eco-SSL values are described in separate documentation
(U.S. EPA, 2003). The derivation procedures represent the collaborative effort of a
multi-stakeholder group consisting of federal, state, consulting, industry, and academic
participants led by the U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
This document provides the Eco-SSL values for vanadium and the documentation for their
derivation. This document provides guidance and is designed to communicate national policy on
identifying vanadium concentrations in soil that may present an unacceptable ecological risk to
terrestrial receptors. The document does not, however, substitute for EPA's statutes or
regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally-binding requirements on
EPA, states, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon
the circumstances of the site. EPA may change this guidance in the future, as appropriate. EPA
and state personnel may use and accept other technically sound approaches, either on their own
initiative, or at the suggestion of potentially responsible parties, or other interested parties.
Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of this
document and the appropriateness of the application of this document to a particular situation.
EPA welcomes public comments on this document at any time and may consider such comments
in future revisions of this document.
Eco-SSL for Vanadium 1 April 2005
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2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR VANADIUM
Vanadium (V) occurs commonly but not uniformly in the earth's crust, ranking 22nd among the
elements present (WHO, 1988). Elemental vanadium does not occur in nature but is contained in
about 65 different minerals with patronite, roscoelite, carnotite, and vanadinite being the
principal ore sources (CRC, 1994). Vanadium forms numerous and complicated compounds
because of its many valence states which may range from +2 to +5, with +5 being the principle
oxidation state (Lagerkvist et al., 1986). Vanadium can form both cationic and anionic salts
(API, 1985).
Vanadium is mainly used in ferrous metallurgy where 75-85% of all vanadium produced is used
as an alloy additive in making special steels. Alloys of vanadium with non-ferrous metals are
widely used in the atomic industry, aircraft construction, and space technology. Vanadium is
also used as a target material for x-rays and as a chemical catalyst (Alloway, 1990; WHO, 1988).
Vanadium is present in coal, crude oil, naturally occurring petroleum hydrocarbons, and all fuel
oils where it remains in the residue after the more volatile fractions have been distilled
(http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov).
Major sources of environmental contamination of vanadium result from the combustion of fossil
fuels, the burning of coal wastes, the disposal of coal waste and fly ash, and releases from
metallurgical works and smelters (NRCC, 1980; WHO, 1988; Alloway, 1990). Vanadium also
enters the environment from natural sources such as continental dust, marine aerosols, and
volcanic emissions (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov).
Vanadium in
mineral lattice
(+3, +4, +5)
Free vanadates in
solution (+5)
Vanadium is found in rocks and soil in
the relatively insoluble trivalent form,
and can also be present in the
pentavalent form as vanadates of Cu,
Zn, Pb, U, ferric iron, Mn, Ca, or K
(API, 1985). Weathering decomposes
parent rock and increases vanadium
availability in soils (CCME, 1996). The
vanadium pools in soils are depicted in
Figure 2.1. Jacks (1976) found that the
bulk of vanadium deposited in the
environment is retained in the soil,
mainly in association with organic
matter. The mobility of vanadium in
soils is affected by pH. Vanadium is fairly mobile in neutral or alkaline soils relative to other
metals, but its mobility decreases in acidic soils. In the presence of humic acids, mobile
metavanadate anions can be converted to the immobile vanadyl cations resulting in local
accumulation. Under oxidizing, unsaturated conditions some mobility is observed, but under
reducing, saturated conditions vanadium is immobile. The pentavalent cation is considerably
more soluble than the trivalent cation, is readily dissolved by groundwater, and can be
transported over long distances.
Immobile
organically
complexed
vanadium (+4, +5)
Mobile
complexed
vanadyl cation in
solution (+4)
Figure 2.1 Vanadium Pools in Soil (from Alloway, 1990)
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
If released into water, vanadium is expected to exist primarily in the tetravalent and pentavalent
forms. Both species are known to bind strongly to mineral or biogenic surfaces by adsorption or
complexing. The chemical formulas of the vanadyl species most commonly reported in water are
VO(2+) and VO(OH)(1+), and the vanadate species are H2VO4(1-) and HVO4(2-)
(http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov). Soluble vanadium present in soil appears to be easily taken up by
the roots of plants usually in the tetravalent or pentavalent form (NRCC, 1980). Evidence
suggests a difference in absorption between these two forms with the tetravalent (vanadyl) form
being more rapidly absorbed into the roots of plants (Hopkins et al., 1977).
The Eco-SSL values derived to date for vanadium are summarized in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Vanadium Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil)
Plants
NA
Soil Invertebrates
NA
Wildlife
Avian
7.8
Mammalian
280
NA = Not Available. Data were insufficient to derive an Eco-SSL.
Eco-SSL values for vanadium were derived
for avian and mammalian wildlife. Eco-SSL
values for vanadium could not be derived for
plants or soil invertebrates as data were
insufficient. The Eco-SSLs range from 7.8
mg/kg dry weight (dw) for avian wildlife to
280 mg/kg dw for mammalian wildlife. The
Eco-SSL for avian wildlife is lower than the
reported range of background soil
concentrations in eastern and western U.S.
soils (Figure 2.2). Background
concentrations of many metals in U.S. soils
are described in Attachment 1-4 of the Eco-
SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003).
250 -
200 -
S
•a
^150-
~£D
S
o
50 -
X
T
•
X
f
•
1
1
East
^igure 2.2 Typical Background
Concentrations of
Vanadium in U.S.
Soils
A TVTTC!
West
X ^- M_
, *— ™
n _ ;::
? r :_
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 73 were selected for acquisition for
further review. Of those papers acquired, two papers met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S.
EPA 2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers was reviewed and the studies were scored
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). Two studies within one
paper received an Evaluation Score greater than ten. These studies are summarized in Table 3.1.
At least three studies are required to derive an Eco-SSL (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2).
Therefore, an Eco-SSL for plants could not be calculated for vanadium.
Eco-SSL for Vanadium
April 2005
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Vanadium
Reference
Kaplan et al., 1990
Kaplan et al., 1990
IP
Number
3295
3295
Study
ID
a
b
Test Organism
Broccoli
Broccoli
Brass ica oleracea
Brass ica oleracea
Soil
PH
6.5
6.5
OM%
1.1
1.9
Bio-
availability
Score
2
2
ERE
GRO
GRO
Tox
Parameter
LOAEC
NOAEC
Tox Value
(Soil Cone
mg/kg dw)
100
100
Total
Evaluation
Score
15
15
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
Y
Used for
Eco-SSL?
N
N
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
GRO = Growth
LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration
N = No
NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration
OM = Organic matter content
Y = Yes
Bioavailability Score described mGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described mGuidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for Vanadium
April 2005
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4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, six were acquired for further review.
Of those acquired, none met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-1).
A soil invertebrate Eco-SSL could not be derived for vanadium.
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed in two steps. First, the toxicity
reference value (TRY) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of
three surrogate species based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003).
5.1 Avian TRV
The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) identified 916 papers with possible toxicity data for either avian or mammalian
species. Of these papers, 834 were rejected for use as described in Section 7.5. Of the
remaining papers, 36 contained data for avian test species. These papers were reviewed and data
were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3
and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are summarized in Table 5.1. The
complete results are included as Appendix 5-1.
Within the 36 reviewed papers, there were 132 results for biochemical (BIO), behavioral (BEH),
physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR)
effects that had a Data Evaluation Score of >65 (sufficient to derive the TRV) (U.S. EPA 2003;
Attachment 4-5). These data are plotted in Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 5.1. The no-observed adverse effect (NOAEL) values for growth and
reproduction are used to calculate a geometric mean NOAEL. This result is examined in
relationship to the lowest bounded lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for
reproduction, growth and survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction was calculated at 1.19 mg
vanadium/kg bw/day. However, this geometric mean NOAEL is higher than the lowest bounded
LOAEL for growth, reproduction or survival. The TRV is equal to 0.344 mg vanadium/kg
bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth or survival.
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for avian wildlife, one each for three surrogate
species representing different trophic groups. The avian Eco-SSLs for vanadium were calculated
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5) and are summarized in
Table 5.2.
Eco-SSL for Vanadium 5 April 2005
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Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiciry Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 1 of3
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
Q
£
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
White and Dieter, 1978
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1990
Phillips et al, 1982
Nielsen et al, 1980
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Blalock and Hill, 1987
Kubena et al, 1986
Bressman, et al., 2002
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1994
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
6727
5736
8125
6412
15690
5843
5843
5927
6041
25961
8125
5453
6876
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
4
2
4
4
2
2
2
4
3
4
2
2
2
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
3
18
19
15
32
8
6
2
28
56
19
21
8
w
d
d
mo
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
1
1
1
1
1
25
72
1
1
32
1
1
1
yr
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
d
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
AD
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
M
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHOL
GLTH
CHLR
NKAT
HMCT
GBCM
GBCM
HMGL
NACO
GBCM
CHLR
PCON
LIPD
BL
KI
SR
KI
BL
EG
EG
BL
SR
EX
SR
SR
PL
0.309
2.84
23.8
1.13
0.244
0.284
0.319
0.366
0.968
1.18
1.31
1.78
3.55
8.36
76
67
69
69
70
70
66
70
70
70
69
69
70
Behavior (BEH)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Sell et al, 1986
Bressman, et al., 2002
Sell et al, 1982
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1990
Summers and Moran, 1972
Toussant and Latshaw, 1994
Hill, 1990
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Hill, 1990
6085
6469
25961
8577
5749
7051
5456
5736
6508
5734
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
4
3
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
Physiolog
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Sell et al, 1986
Romoser,et al, 1961
Romoser,et al, 1961
Hill, 1990
Cupo and Donaldson, 1987
Romoser,et al, 1961
6085
6469
3740
3740
5736
5971
3740
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
2
3
4
6
2
2
7
U
M
U
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
4
4
56
4
4
3
14
18
7
19
w
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
1
25
32
41
43
NR
25
1
40-60
1
d
w
w
w
w
NR
w
d
w
d
JV
SM
SM
SM
SM
JV
SM
JV
SM
JV
M
F
F
F
F
NR
F
F
F
F
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FDNG
FCNS
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.295
0.524
1.31
1.82
1.84
0.589
2.62
2.01
6.13
0.339
1.33
1.77
2.75
2.84
80
78
79
84
77
73
78
73
73
72
y(PHY)
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
4
4
21
21
18
21
21
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
1
25
9
7
1
1
11
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
GPHY
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
wo
EG
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.295
0.524
1.32
1.59
0.589
2.75
2.12
1.77
2.00
2.12
80
71
78
78
73
73
72
Pathology (PTH)
31
32
33
34
35
36
Phillips et al, 1982
Hill, 1994
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Cupo and Donaldson, 1987
Kubena et al, 1985
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
6412
5453
6388
5971
6192
6876
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
4
2
5
2
2
2
U
U
UX
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
15
21
20
21
28
8
d
d
w
d
d
w
1
1
29
1
1
1
d
d
w
d
d
d
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
F
M
F
M
M
M
HIS
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
GHIS
SMIX
GHIS
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
KI
HE
WO
FP
LI
LI
0.489
3.55
5.45
0.977
2.00
4.76
8.36
78
72
69
73
73
73
Reproduction (REP)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Sell et al, 1982
Sell et al, 1986
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1990
Sell et al, 1982
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Bressman, et al., 2002
Toussant and Latshaw, 1994
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
8577
6469
5843
6508
6508
6388
6508
6848
6848
5843
9749
9749
5749
8577
9749
6508
25961
5456
6508
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
4
3
2
3
3
5
4
3
5
2
2
3
4
4
2
3
4
2
3
u
M
U
U
U
UX
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
U
U
U
M
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
4
6
4
4
84
4
1
1
8
6
4
2
7
4
4
14
9
4
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
41
25
72
40
35-40
29
50
28
NR
25
NR
NR
43
41
NR
35-40
32
25
48
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
NR
w
NR
NR
w
w
NR
w
w
w
w
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
EQUA
EQUA
EGWT
EQUA
EQUA
TPRD
EQUA
PROG
PROG
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
ESQU
PROG
EGWT
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
EG
WO
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
EG
0.275
0.325
0.366
0.988
0.988
1.25
3.95
4.94
39.0
0.413
0.524
1.98
1.98
2.50
14.8
0.319
0.475
0.494
0.669
0.740
0.988
0.988
1.31
1.33
1.98
85
90
70
80
84
90
69
84
74
79
79
78
79
84
78
78
79
84
79
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiciry Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 2 of3
Result #
56
Reference
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Ref
No.
6508
Test Organism
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
Method of Analyses
U
Route of Exposure
FD
Exposure Duration
7
Duration Units
w
Q
£
40-60
Age Units
w
Lifestage
LB
X
£
F
Effect Type
REP
Effect Measure
TPRD
Response Site
WO
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
2.75
Data Evaluation Score
79
Growth (GRO)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Phillips et al, 1982
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Nielsen et al, 1980
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Hill 1979
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1990
Hathcock et al., 1964
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Romoser,et al, 1961
Qureshi et al, 1999
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1990
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Sell et al, 1982
Nelson et al, 1962
Kubena et al, 1986
Nelson et al, 1962
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Summers and Moran, 1972
Hill, 1974
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Blalock and Hill, 1987
Romoser,et al, 1961
Toussant and Latshaw, 1994
Hill, 1979
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1990
Cupo and Donaldson, 1987
Romoser,et al, 1961
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1979
Hathcock et al., 1964
Hill, 1980
Hill, 1974
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Hill, 1990
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hill, 1994
Hill, 1992
Hathcock et al., 1964
Burt et al, 1991
Kubena et al, 1985
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
6412
6085
15690
6085
397
5843
9749
8125
8125
14512
6508
3740
5079
6388
5749
6508
6508
8577
14516
6041
14516
8663
6848
7051
92
9290
9290
9290
5927
3740
5456
1370
5736
8125
5971
3740
5736
1370
14512
395
92
6508
5734
8663
8663
5453
8028
14512
5295
6192
8663
6876
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
4
4
3
3
6
4
5
4
3
3
4
5
3
10
4
5
2
6
3
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
25
4
4
4
5
8
6
19
19
14
4
21
14
56
4
4
4
4
4
28
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
3
21
14
2
18
19
21
21
18
2
14
1
2
7
19
4
4
21
19
14
14
14
4
8
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
1
1
1
1
1
25
NR
1
1
1
35-40
7
1
29
43
40
40
41
NR
1
NR
1
1
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
1
9
25
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
40-60
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
d
w
NR
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
NR
d
NR
d
d
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
NR
F
M
B
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
NR
B
M
M
M
F
M
F
B
F
F
M
M
F
B
NR
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
NR
NR
NR
M
M
M
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.244
0.279
0.284
0.295
0.344
0.366
0.475
0.711
0.711
0.904
0.988
1.050
1.22
1.26
1.84
1.98
1.98
2.20
2.34
2.36
2.68
2.87
46.1
0.489
0.589
0.688
1.42
1.42
2.26
1.98
1.59
3.05
2.51
6.13
4.08
3.58
5.74
0.339
0.429
0.859
0.859
0.859
0.968
1.32
1.33
1.72
1.77
1.78
2.00
2.12
2.13
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.75
2.84
2.87
2.87
3.55
3.55
4.29
4.29
4.76
5.74
8.36
82
69
68
84
82
68
68
82
82
82
82
82
83
88
81
67
67
73
83
68
83
82
74
71
76
76
76
76
77
76
82
76
77
76
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
76
77
Survival (MOR)
109
110
111
112
113
Hathcock et al., 1964
Blalock and Hill, 1987
Hill, 1979
Hill, 1974
Hill, 1979
14512
5927
1370
92
1370
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
3
4
2
3
2
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
14
3
2
5
2
d
w
w
w
w
1
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
F
B
B
B
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.859
0.962
1.72
2.15
2.15
2.15
1.92
4.294
83
84
68
83
68
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxiciry Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 3 of3
Result #
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
Reference
Hill, 1974
Kubena et al, 1986
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hill, 1994
Kubena et al, 1985
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Romoser,et al, 1961
Qureshi et al, 1999
White and Dieter, 1978
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Hathcock et al., 1964
Hathcock et al., 1964
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Ref
No.
92
6041
6388
8663
8663
5453
6192
8663
3740
5079
6727
80
6848
6848
9290
14512
14512
8663
Test Organism
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Duck (Anas sp.)
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
# of Cone/ Doses
6
3
5
3
4
2
2
4
7
4
4
2
3
5
2
2
2
3
Method of Analyses
U
U
UX
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
5
28
84
4
4
21
28
4
21
14
12
15
1
4
2
14
14
4
Duration Units
w
d
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
w
d
mo
w
w
d
d
w
Q
£
1
1
29
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
28
1
NR
1
1
1
Age Units
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
yr
d
w
d
NR
d
d
d
Lifestage
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
X
£
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
M
F
M
M
NR
NR
M
Effect Type
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect Measure
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
2.15
2.36
2.50
2.87
2.87
3.55
4.76
5.74
6.37
7.15
12.0
13.4
14.8
98.7
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
4.99
5.74
5.74
11.5
10.6
1.72
2.15
4.29
5.74
Data Evaluation Score
77
78
89
83
83
70
78
83
83
78
80
68
77
77
77
77
77
77
ACHE = acetylcholinesterase; ACTV = general activity levels; AD = adult; ALWT = albumin weight; B = both; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BR
= brain; CALC = calcium; CHOL = cholesterol; CHLR = ; d = days; EG = egg; EQUA = egg quality; EGWT = egg weight; ENZ = enzyme changes; ESQU = eggshell quality;
EX = excrement; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FDB = feeding behavior; FDCV = food conversion efficiency; FDNG = ; FP = ; GBCM = general
biochemical; GGRO = general growth changes; GUIS = general histology; GPHY = general physiology; GRO = growth; GLPX = gluathione peroxidase; GLTH = glutathione; HE
= heart; HMCT = hematocrit; HMGL = hemoglobin; JV = juvenile; KI = kidney; LB = laying bird; LI = liver; LIPD = lipid; LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; M =
male; M = measured; MOR = mortality, MORT = mortality; NACO = ; NKAT = ; NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level; NR = Not reported; ORW = organ weight
changes; ORWT = organ weight; PCON = phosphate concentration; PL = plasma; PROG = progeny counts; REP = reproduction; SM = sexually mature; SMTX = relative to body
weight; SR = serum; SURV = survival; TPRD = total production; U = unmeasured; UX = measured but results not reported; w = weeks;
WO = whole organism; yr = years
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Vanadium
1000.000
TRV= High st bounded NOAEL
lower than lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth or survival =
0.344
Geometric Mean of NOAELs for
reproduction and growth =1.19
Biochemical (BIO) Behavior (BEH)
Pathology (PTH)
Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Survival (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL •BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL PHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OGRO-NOAEL GRO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL OMOR-LOAEL
Wildlife TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study whenjoined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 1.19 mg vanadium /kg bw/d but is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival effect groups.
4) The avian wildlife TRV for vanadium is equal to 0.344 mg vanadium/kg bw/day which is the highest bounded LOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within
reproduction, growth and survival effect groups.
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Vanadium
Surrogate
Receptor Group
Avian herbivore
(dove)
Avian ground
insectivore
(woodcock)
Avian carnivore
(hawk)
TRY for
Vanadium
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
0.344
0.344
0.344
Food
Ingestion
Rate (Fffi)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.190
0.214
0.035
Soil
Ingestion as
Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.139
0.164
0.057
Concentration of
Vanadium in Biota
Type (i)2-3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
Bi = 0.00485 * Soilj
where i = plants
BJ = 0.042 * Soil,
where i = earthworms
B-C^* 0.0123
where i = mammals
Vanadium in
Diet of Prey4
(Cdlet)
NA
NA
C^ 0.042*
Soilj
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg
dw)5
13
7.8
140
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 Cast = Concentration in the diet of small mammals consumed by predatory species (hawk).
5 HQ = FIR * (Soil, * Ps + Bj) / TRY) solved for HQ=1 where Soil, = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for mammalian wildlife was completed in two steps. First the
TRY was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three mammalian
surrogate species based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRY (U.S. EPA, 2003).
6.1 Mammalian TRV
The literature search was completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) and identified 916 papers with possible toxicity data for vanadium for either
avian or mammalian test species. Of these studies, 834 were rejected for use as described in
Section 7.5. Of the remaining papers, 48 contained data for mammalian test species. These
papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance
(U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are
summarized in Table 6.1. The complete results are provided in Appendix 6-1.
Within the 48 papers, there were 101 results for biochemical (BIO), behavioral (BEH),
physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR)
endpoints that had a total Data Evaluation Score >65 (sufficient to derive the TRV) (U.S. EPA
2003; Attachment 4-3). These data are plotted in Figure 6.1 and correspond directly with the
data presented in Table 6.1. The NOAEL values for growth and reproduction are used to
calculate a geometric mean NOAEL. This result is examined in relationship to the lowest
bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth and survival to derive the TRV according to
procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-4).
Eco-SSL for Vanadium
10
April 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 1 of 2
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
a
<:
Age Units
Lifestage
**
&
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
1
Biochemical (BIO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Mravcova et al, 1989
Jadhav and Jandhyala, 1983
Domingo et al, 1985
Zaporowska, 1994
Bogden et al, 1982
MacDonald et al, 1988
Hansard, et al, 1978
Van Meet et al, 1981
Susie andKentera, 1986
Susie and Kentera, 1987
Zaporowska et al, 1993
Sharma et al, 1986
Schroeder, 1968
Meryervitch et al. 1987
Mountain et al, 1953
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
Higashino et al, 1983
17942
17758
17806
17668
17431
17908
14511
149
17849
17911
17421
17331
15506
17283
14517
17933
17448
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Guinea Pig (Caviaporcellus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
3
4
5
3
2
4
2
2
3
3
4
2
2
3
2
3
U
U
U
u
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
3
6
3
4
2
20
84
10
2
24
4
30
738
3
76
4
2
mo
w
mo
w
w
d
d
w
mo
w
w
d
d
w
d
w
w
21
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3-3.5
2
NR
21-23
NR
NR
2
NR
d
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
d
NR
NR
mo
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
F
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HMGL
NKAT
PRTL
ASCA
NKAT
NACO
HMGL
GLPX
HMCT
HMCT
RBCE
NORE
CHOL
GCHM
GBCM
RBCE
NACO
BL
KI
PL
KI
BR
BL
WO
BL
BL
BL
BL
HY
SR
LI
HA
BL
PL
0.0220
0.978
1.05
1.18
2.23
2.55
5.69
8.33
10.8
14.0
11.0
11.4
5.26
4.93
131
1.18
1.88
5.44
24
26.4
29.0
4612
67
71
69
73
68
66
69
70
70
74
69
74
69
69
71
69
76
Behavior (BEH)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Zaporowska et al, 1993
Sanchez et al, 1991
Hansard, et al, 1978
Zaporowska, 1994
Hansard et al, 1982
Parker and Sharma, 1978
Paternain et al, 1990
Franke and Moxon 1937
Franke and Moxon 1937
Adachi et al, 2000
Dai et al, 1995
Dai et al, 1995
Cadene et al, 1996
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Meryervitch et al. 1987
Ganguli et al, 1994
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
17421
17465
14511
17668
17677
17515
17487
14508
14508
17205
17357
17357
17292
17224
17283
17379
17933
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
5
4
5
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
u
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Physiolog
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Domingo et al, 1985
Hansard, et al, 1978
Jadhav and Jandhyala, 1983
Cadene et al, 1996
Hamel and Duckworth, 1995
Carmignani et al, 1996
Boscolo, et al, 1994
MacDonald et al, 1988
Elfant and Keen, 1987
Susie andKentera, 1986
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Susie andKentera, 1987
17806
14511
17758
17292
17336
17328
17375
17908
17263
17849
17224
17911
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Guinea Pig (Caviaporcellus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
u
ux
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
GV
FD
DR
FD
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
4
9
2
4
90
3
9
100
100
5
1
8
6
4
3
10
2
w
d
w
w
d
mo
d
d
d
d
w
w
mo
w
w
d
w
2
NR
NR
2
NR
1
NR
28
28
6
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
2
mo
NR
NR
mo
NR
mo
NR
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
mo
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
M
F
M
M
M
NR
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
WCON
WCON
WCON
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
1.18
2.08
4.00
4.93
5.46
8.54
30.2
4.93
4.16
8.00
13.0
1.88
3.58
7.06
7.64
9.68
11.6
11.6
24
28.7
29.0
76
86
91
78
67
67
78
77
77
77
72
72
69
69
72
68
72
y(PHY)
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
2
84
6
6
14
12
180
14
3
2
4
24
w
d
w
mo
d
mo
d
d
w
mo
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
39-41
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
3-3.5
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
EXCR
FDCV
BLPR
GPHY
GPHY
BDVL
BLPR
EXCR
GPHY
BLPR
FDCV
GPHY
KI
wo
wo
HE
LI
WO
WO
KI
LI
WO
WO
WO
2.23
5.69
11.4
11.6
81.5
11.1
0.0867
0.113
2.58
6.26
10.8
11.6
14.0
73
81
68
69
68
67
67
68
73
73
69
73
Pathology (PTH)
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Mravcova et al, 1989
Mravcova et al, 1993
Sanchez et al, 1991
Paternain et al, 1990
Schroeder et al, 1970
Mravcova et al, 1993
Van Meet etal, 1981
Susie andKentera, 1986
17942
17400
17465
17487
252
17400
149
17849
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
3
5
4
2
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
DR
GV
GV
DR
GV
FD
FD
3
6
12
9
1202
6
10
2
mo
mo
d
d
d
w
w
mo
21
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
JV
NR
GE
GE
JV
NR
JV
JV
M
B
F
F
M
B
M
M
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
GLSN
SMIX
SP
SP
KI
LI
HE
SP
HE
HE
0.0220
0.106
4.16
7.55
11.0
10.6
8.31
15.1
0.534
4.29
8.33
10.8
70
69
86
86
68
68
73
73
Reproduction (REP)
55
56
57
Sanchez et al, 1991
Domingo et al, 1986
Elfant and Keen, 1987
17465
17864
17263
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
5
4
2
u
u
u
GV
OR
FD
12
36
3
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
GE
GE
GE
F
F
F
REP
REP
REP
ODVP
PRWT
PROG
WO
WO
WO
4.16
8.31
2.18
6.26
92
86
79
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 2 of 2
Result #
58
59
Reference
Paternain et al, 1990
Ganguli et al, 1994
Ref
No.
17487
17379
Test Organism
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
4
2
Method of Analyses
U
U
Route of Exposure
GV
DR
Exposure Duration
9
10
Duration Units
d
d
a
<:
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
Lifestage
GE
GE
f<
&
F
F
Effect Type
REP
REP
Effect Measure
RSEM
PROG
Response Site
WO
WO
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
7.55
28.7
1
86
74
Growth (GRO)
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Mravcova et al, 1989
Schroeder et al, 1970
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1975
Daniel and Lillie, 1938
Bogden et al, 1982
Sanchez et al, 1998
Domingo et al, 1985
Sanchez et al, 1991
Zaporowska et al, 1993
Hansard et al, 1982
Hansard, et al, 1978
Hansard, et al, 1978
Adachi et al, 2000
Dai et al, 1995
Dai et al, 1995
Susie andKentera, 1986
Cadene et al, 1996
Meryervitch et al. 1987
Susie andKentera, 1987
Higashino et al, 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Franke and Moxon 1937
Elfant and Keen, 1987
Challiss et al, 1987
Paternain et al, 1990
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Bhanot et al, 1994
Mountain et al, 1953
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
Ramanadham et al, 1989
17942
252
1858
14507
17431
17276
17806
17465
17421
17677
14511
14511
17205
17357
17357
17849
17292
17283
17911
17448
14508
14508
17263
17284
17487
149
17224
17688
14517
17933
17927
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aries )
Sheep {Ovis aries )
Sheep {Ovis aries )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
3
2
2
6
3
4
4
5
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
3
2
2
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
UX
UX
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
DR
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
8
519
520
10
2
3
3
9
4
90
84
84
1
12
12
2
6
3
24
2
100
100
3
14
9
3
4
6
76
8
10
w
d
d
w
w
w
mo
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
21
21
19-20
3-4
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3-3.5
NR
28
28
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
3
NR
2
NR
d
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
w
NR
mo
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
B
M
B
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
B
B
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.0220
0.534
0.674
1.03
2.23
3.43
3.84
4.16
4.93
5.46
5.69
5.69
7.06
7.64
9.68
10.8
11.6
24
136
21695
11.0
5.11
6.85
8.31
1.88
3.58
6.26
6.82
7.55
9.03
11.6
21.2
26.4
29.0
108
74
72
70
82
73
85
71
90
72
74
82
82
72
67
67
77
71
73
77
79
81
81
77
72
84
76
73
72
78
76
67
Survival (MOR)
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1975
Sanchez et al, 1991
Daniel and Lillie, 1938
Cadene et al, 1996
Paternain et al, 1990
Kasibhatla and Rai, 1993
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
1858
17465
14507
17292
17487
17381
149
17933
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse {Mus musculus )
Rabbit {Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Pig {Sus scrofa )
Rat {Rattus norvegicus )
2
5
6
2
4
4
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
GV
FD
DR
GV
DR
FD
DR
520
12
10
6
9
171
10
4
d
d
w
mo
d
d
w
w
19-20
NR
3-4
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
d
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
AD
JV
JV
M
F
B
M
F
NR
M
M
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
LFSP
GMOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.701
4.16
9.6
11.6
30.2
8.31
17.9
1.93
8.33
29.0
73
91
85
74
85
66
77
77
ACHE = acetylcholinesterase; ACTP = accuracy of learned behavior; ACTV = activity, general; AD = adult; AR = adrenal; ASAT = aspartate aminotransferase; ASCA = ; B =
both; BDVL = blood volume; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BLPR = blood pressure; BR = brain; bw = body weight; CHM = chemical changes;
CHOL = cholesterol; d - day; DOPA = dopamine; DR = Drinking water; ENZ = enyzme level changes; EXCR = excretion; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food;
FDB = feeding behavior; FDCV = food converson efficiency; GBCM = general biochemical changes; GE = gestation; GENZ = general enzyme changes; GFUS = general
histology; GLPX = glutathione peroxidase; GLSN = gross lesions; GMOR = general mortality; GPHY = general pysiology changes; GRO = growth; GRS = gross body weight
changes; GV = gavage; HA = hair; HE = heart; HIS = histological changes; HMCT = hematocrit; HMGL = hemoglobin; HRM = hormone changes; JV = juvenile; kg = kilograms:
KI = kidney; L = liter; LI = liver; LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; mo = months; M = male; M = measured; MOR = effects on mortality and survival; MORT =
mortality; NOAEL = No Observed Advese Effect Level; NR = Not reported; OR = other oral; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight changes; PHY = physiology;
PORP = porphyrin; PROG = progeny numbers/counts; PRWT = progeny weight; PTH = pathology; PY = progeny; RBCE = red blood cell count; REP = reproduction; RPRT =
respiratory rate; RSEM = resorbed embryo; SM = sexually mature; SMIX = weight relative to body weight; SP = spleen; SR = serum; SURV = survival; TE = testes; TEWT =
testes weight; TRII = tridothyronine; TRYP = tryptophan; U = unmeasured; UR = urine; USTR = ultrastructural changes; UX = measured but values not reported; w = weeks;
WCON = water consumption; WO = whole organism; yr = year.
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Vanadium
100000.000
10000.000 •
8
5
.Q
M
^
>:
60
S
O
O
0
Geometric Mean of NOAELs
for reproduction and growth =
5.92
©
©
TRV = Highest bounded NOAEL lower
than lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth or survival =4.16
(n)
Biochemical (BIO)
Behavior (BEH)
Physiology (PHY)
Pathology (PTH) Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Survival (MOR)
• BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL •BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL PHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OORO-NOAEL ORO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEL
WUdUfe TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study when joined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
3) The geometric mean is equal to 5.92 mg vanadium/kg bw/d but is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival effect groups.
4) The mammalian wildlife TRV is equal to 4.16 mg vanadium/kg bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth or survival.
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
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A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction was calculated at 5.92 mg
vanadium/kg bw/day. However, this geometric mean NOAEL is higher than the lowest bounded
LOAEL for growth, reproduction or survival. The TRV is equal to 4.16 mg vanadium/kg
bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth or survival.
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for mammalian wildlife, one each for three
surrogate species representing different trophic groups. The mammalian Eco-SSLs for vanadium
are calculated according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5) and are
summarized in Table 6.2
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Vanadium
Surrogate
Receptor Group
Mammalian
herbivore (vole)
Mammalian
ground insectivore
(shrew)
Mammalian
carnivore (weasel)
TRV for
Vanadium
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
4.16
4.16
4.16
Food
Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.0875
0.209
0.130
Soil
Ingestion as
Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.032
0.030
0.043
Concentration of
Vanadium in Biota
Type (i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
Bj = 0.00485 * Soil,
where i = plants
Bj = 0.042 * Soil,
where i = earthworms
B^C^* 0.0123
where i = mammals
Vanadium in
Diet of Prey4
(Can)
NA
NA
C^ = 0.042 *
Soil,
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)5
1300
280
580
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 Bj = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 C^t = Concentration in the diet of small mammals consumed by predatory species (weasel).
5 HQ = FIR * (Soilj * Ps + Bt) / TRV) solved for HQ=1 where Soilj = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
Eco-SSL for Vanadium
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7.0 REFERENCES
7.1 General Vanadium References
Alloway, B. J. (ed.). 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie Academic & Professional, an imprint of Chapman &
Hall, Wester Cleddens Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2NZ, UK.
American Petroleum Institute (API). 1985. Vanadium: Environmental and Community Health Impact. United States
of America. Prepared by: EA Engineering, Science, and Technology Inc. Washington, D. C.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 1996. Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for Vanadium:
Environmental, Supporting Document - Final Draft. December 1996.
CRC. 1994. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Ed. D. R. Lide. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton.
Hopkins, L. L., Cannon, H. L., Musch, A. T., Welch, R. M, and NeilsenF. H. 1977. Vanadium. Geochem. Environ.
2: 93-107.
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Database (HSDB).
Jacks, G. 1976. Environmental Pollution. 11:289.
Lagerkvist, B., Nordberg, G. F., and Vouk, V. 1986. Vanadium. In: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 2nd
edition. ED.: L. Friberg, G.F. Nordberg, and V. Vouk. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.
National Research Council of Canada (NRCC ). 1980. Effects of Vanadium in the Canadian Environment. Associate
Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality. NRCC No. 18132.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2003. Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil
Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs). November. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9285.7-55. Revised February 2005. http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/ecorisk/
ecossl.htm.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1999. Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk
Management Principles for Super fund Sites. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9285.7-28.P.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. Risk
Assessment Forum. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April. May 14,
1998 Federal Register 63(93): 26846-26924.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1997. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. Interim Final. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Response Team (Edison, NJ). June 5, 1997.
World Health Organization (WHO). 1988. Environmental Health Criteria 81: Vanadium. Geneva.
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7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
Kaplan, D. I., Sajwan, K. S., Adriano, D. C., and Gettier, S. 1990. Phytoavailability and Toxicity of Beryllium and
Vanadium. Water Air Soil Pollut. 53 [3/4], 203-212
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition
of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections.
Media Basiouny, Fouad M. 1984. Distribution of vanadium and its influence on chlorophyll formation
and iron metabolism in tomato plants. J.PlantNutr. 7(7): 1059-1073.
Media Berry, W. L. 1978. Comparative Toxicity of VO3, CrO2-4, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ to
Lettuce Seedlings. In: D.C.Adriano and I.L.Brisbin,Jr.(Eds.), Environmental Cemistry and Cycling
Processes, Proc.Symp.Held at Augusta, Georgia, April 18-May 1, 1976, Tech.Info.Center, U.S.Dep
of Energy (U.S.NTIS CONF-760429): 582-589.
Media Buczek, I, Kowalinska, E., and Kuczera, K. 1980. Reduction of Nitrates in Cucumis sativus L.
Seedlings I. Influence of Tungsten and Vanadium on Absorption and Reduction of Nitrates. Ada
Soc. Bot. Pol. 49(3): 259-268.
Media Buczek, J. 1980. Reduction of Nitrates in Cucumis sativus L. Seedlings II. Influence of Tungsten
and Vanadium on Nitrate Reductase and ATPase Activities. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 49(3): 269-280.
Media Cannon, H. L. 1963. The Biogeochemistry of Vanadium. Soil Sci. 96(3): 196-204.
Media Carlson, C. L., Adriano, D. C., Sajwan, K. S., Abels, S. L., and Thoma, D. P. -1991. Effects of
Selected Trace Metals on Germinating Seeds of Six Plant Species. Water Air Soil Pollut. 59(3/4):
231-240.
Media Fargasova, A. 1988. Root Growth Inhibition, Photosynthetic Pigments Production, and Metal
Accumulation in Sinapis alba as the Parameters for Trace Metals Effect Determination.
Bull.Environ.Contain. Toxicol. 61(6): 762-769.
Media Gil, J., Alvarez, C. E., Martinez, M. C., and Perez, N. 1995. Effect of Vanadium on Lettuce
Growth, Cationic Nutrition, and Yield. J. Environ. Sci. 30A(1): 73-87.
Media Hara, T and Sonoda, Y. 1979. Comparison of the Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Cabbage Growth.
Plant Soil. 51: 127-13.
Media Herichova, A. 1985. Study of the Influence of Vanadium on Mitosis and Cytokinesis. Physiol.
Plant. (21): 11-16.
Media Jasik, J. 1986. Influence of Vanadium on the Structure of Meristematic Cells in Root Tip of Bean
(ViciafabaL). Biologia. 41(1): 5-12.
Media Jaworska, M., Gorczyca, A., Sepiol, I, andTomasik, P. 1997. Effect of Metal Ions on the
Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Nematode: Heterohabditidae)
Under Laboratory Conditions. Water Air Soil Pollut. 93: 157-166.
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Media Kaplan, D. I., Adriatic, D. C., Carlson, C. L., and Sajwan, K. S. 1990. Vanadium: Toxicity and
Accumulation by Beans. Water Air Soil Pollut. 49(1/2): 81-91.
Media Kasai, M, Yamazaki, I, Kikuchi, M., Iwaya, M., and Sawada, S. 1999. Concentration of
Vanadium in Soil Water and Its Effect on Growth and Metabolism of Rye and Wheat Plants.
Comm. SoilSci. Plant Anal. 30(7/8): 971-982.
Media Khan, A. A. and Malhotra, S. S. 1980. Stress Effects of Nickel and Vanadium Uptake on Enzymes
of Jack Pine Seedlings. Annu.Meet.of the Am. Soc.of Plant Physiol.and the Phytochem.Soc.of North
Am., Aug.3-7, 1980, Pullman, WA, Plant Physiol. 65(6 Suppl.): 84 (ABS).
Media Khan, A. A. and Malhotra, S. S. 1987. Effects of Vanadium, Nickel and Sulfur Dioxide on Polar
Lipid Biosynthesis in Jack Pine. Phytochemistry. 26(6): 1627-1630.
Media Kohno, Y. 1986. Vanadium Induced Manganese Toxicity in Bush Bean Plants Grown in Solution
Culture. J. Plant Nutr. 9(10): 1261-1272.
Media Lamersdorf, N. P., Godbold, D. L., andKnoche, D. 1991. Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals
forthe Growth of Norway Spruce. Water Air Soil Pollut. 57/58: 535-543.
Lane, I. and Puckett, K. J. 1979. Responses of the Phosphatase Activity of the Lichen Cladina
rangiferina to Various Environmental Factors Including Metals. Can. J. Bot. 57: 1534-1540.
Media Le Sueur, P. and Puckett, K. J. 1980. Effect of Vanadium on the Phosphatase Activity of Lichens.
Can J Bot. 58:502-504.
Media Lepp, N. W. 1984. Some Effects of Vanadium on the Growth and Development of the
Gemmalings of Two Species of Thallose Liverworts. Bryologist. 87(1): 37-41.
CP Livingston, S. D. 1992. Effects of Vanadium Applied to four Cotton Varieties at Three Locations
in South Texas. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. 3: 1128-1129.
Media Lux, A., Mikus, M., and Koval, S. 1986. Effect of Vanadium on Root Growth and Regeneration of
the Root Cap in Maize (Zea mays L.). Physiol. Plant. 22: 29-34.
Mix Martin, H. W. and Kaplan, D. I. 1998. Temporal changes in cadmium, thallium, and vanadium
mobility in soil and phytoavailability under field conditions. Water Air Soil Pollut. 101(1/4):
399-41.
Media Morrell, B. G., Lepp, N. W., Phipps, D. A., Hampson, C. A., and Lekkas, T. D. 1985. Reduction
of Vanadium by Higher Plant Roots. Heavy Met. Environ., Int.Conf., 5th, 2: 277-279.
Media Nair, J. and Gupta, V K. 1977. Toxicology of vanadium and its spectrophotometric determination
in bio samples. Indian J. Environ. Health. 19(2): 116-119.
Om Nicholas, D. J. D. and Thomas, W. D. E. 1954. Some Effects of Heavy Metals on Plants Grown in
Soil Culture. II. The Effect of Nickel on Fertilizer and Soil Phosphate. Uptakes and Iron and Nickel
Status of Tomato. Plant Soil. 5(2): 182-193 .
Media Nikolov, B. A. 1972. Uptake of Nitrate Nitrogen and Phosphorus by Plants Under the Influence of
Molybdenum and Vanadium. Sov. Soil Sci. (Transl.from Agrokhimiya 11:109-113) : 678-683.
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Media Nikolov, B. A. and Popova, N. G. 1974.- Activity of Some Enzymes in Young Lentil Plants,
Depending on the Molybdenum or Vanadium Content in the Nutritive Solution.
Dokl.Bolg.Akad.Nauk 27(8): 1129-1131 (1974)
Media Nowakowski, W. 1992. Vanadium Bioaccumulation in Pisum sativum Seedlings. Biol Plant.
35(3): 461-465 (1992)
Score Ranjha, A. M, Baig, M. B., and Jabbar, A. 1986. Effect of Vanadium and Nitrogen on the
Chemical Composition on Rice. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 29[3], 209-212
Media Saco, D., Alvarez, M., and Martin, S. 1992. Comparison of the effects of molybdenum and
vanadium on Phaseolus vulgaris: growth, protein content and activities of nitrate reduction
enzymes. Suelo Planta. 2(4): 723-734 (1992)
In Vit Siegel, S. M. 1977. The Cytotoxic Response of Nicotiana Protoplast to Metal Ions: A Survey of
the Chemical Elements. Water Air Soil Pollut. 8(1-4): 293-304 (1977)
Om, pH Singh, B. and Wort, D. J. 1970. Effect of Vanadium on Sugar Beets. Sugar J. 19-24 (1970)
Mix Tolle, D. A., Arthur, M. F., Chesson, J., and Van Voris, P. 1985. Comparison of Pots Versus
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Media Tso, T. C., Sorokin, T. P., and Engelhaupt, M. E. 1973. Effects of Some Rare Elements on
Nicotine Content of the Tobacco Plant. Plant Physiol. 51: 805-806 (1973)
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Media Warington, K. 1956. Investigations Regarding the Nature of the Interaction Between Iron and
Molybdenum or Vanadium in Nutrient Solutions with and without a Growing Plant. Ann. Appl.
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Media Welch, R. M. and Huffman, D. 1973. Vanadium and Plant Nutrition. Plant Physiol. 52:183-185
(1973)
Media Welch, R. M. 1973. Vanadium uptake by plants absorption kinetics and the effects of ph metabolic
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Media Welch, R. M. and Gary, E. E. 1975. Concentration of Chromium, Nickel, and Vanadium in Plant
Materials. J.Agric. Food Chem. 23:479(1975)
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Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
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vanadium and chromium on hen performance and egg quality. Nutr. Rep. Int. 39(3): 451-9. RefID: 5843
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Mercado, R. C. and Bibby, B. G. 1973. trace element effects on enamel pigmentation incisor growth and molar
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Meyerovitch, Joseph, Farfel, Zvi, Sack, Joseph, and Shechter, Yoram. 1987. oral administration of vanadate
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7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs
These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition
of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections.
Eco-SSL for Vanadium 23 April 2005
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Unrel addition of calcium ions for enhancing the safety of metal-ligand chelates as magnetic resonance
imaging agents and x-ray contrast agents. PCT Int. Appl. 10pp.
Diss the biochemistry of transition metals: copper, vanadium, and iron. 738101 ORDER NO: AAD81-
03507
Diss characterization of acth receptors in brain and adrenal (adrenocorticotropin, cortisol).
Diss characterization of active ca uptake and its modulation by luminal ca(2+) in neuronal endoplasmic
reticulum (calcium uptake, active transport, synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitter release). 01599282
Order no: AAD98-01538
Diss a comparison of four endosseous dental implants: single-crystal sapphire; pyrolytic carbon; an alloy
of titanium, aluminum, and vanadium; and a biologically active ceramic composite composed of
calcium-phosphate and magnesium-aluminate spinel. 0986041 Order no: AAD88-05145
Diss dietary factors influencing vanadium toxicity and the effect of dietary vanadium upon lipid
metabolism in chickens. 162769 Order No: Not Available from University Microfilms Int'I.
Diss the effects of micromotion and paniculate materials on tissue differentiation: bone chamber studies
in rabbits original title: inverkan av sma roerelser och frammande partiklar pa vaevnadsutveckling i
benkammare i kanin. 01379296 Order No: Not Available from University Microfilms Int'l.
Diss epigenetic mechanisms of chromium action (glutathione).
Diss growth factor regulation of sugar uptake in cultured cells. 896456 ORDER NO: AAD85-22424
Diss insulin and hypertension: a pharmacological perspective (vanadium, pioglitazone). 01490778
ORDER NO: AADAA-INN05921
Diss intracellular calcium pump expression, calcium pool function and cell growth (atpase). 01501109
ORDER NO: AAD96-27119
CP newer trace elements - vanadium (v) and arsenic (as) : deficiencyand possible metabolic roles. . au.
Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals - 3
Diss regulation of sex-specific hepatic cytochrome p-450 in diabetes (cytochrome p-450, growth
hormone, diabetes mellitus). 01159948 ORDER NO: AAD91-13988
Diss studies on the role of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in growth factor signal transduction.
01138624 ORDER NO: AAD91-01789
Diss theoretical studies of the electronic structure and bonding in some transition metal complexes of
vanadium, chromium, iron, nickel and palladium. 765403 ORDER NO: AAD81-24610
Diss toxicokinetics and toxicity of vanadate in rats. 1084904 ORDER NO: AAD90-02 717
Diss troponin i isoform expression and responsiveness of cardiac myofilaments to acidic ph. 01375593
ORDER NO: AAD94-26508
Diss tyrosine kinase pathways, smooth muscle function and inos induction (inductible nitric oxide
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium 24 April 2005
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synthase). 01628320 ORDER NO: AADNQ-24569
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Freeland, J. H., Ebangit, M. L., Bodzy, P. W., Vaughan, L. A., Weber, C. W., Kemberling, S. R.,
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FL
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Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ABSTRACT
(Abstract)
ACUTE STUDIES
(Acu)
AIR POLLUTION
(AirP)
ALTERED RECEPTOR
(Alt)
AQUATIC STUDIES
(Aquatic)
ANATOMICAL STUDIES
(Anat)
BACTERIA
(Bact)
BIOACCUMULATION
SURVEY
(Bio Ace)
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT
(BioP)
BIOMARKER
(Biom)
CARCINOGENICITY
STUDIES
(Carcin)
CHEMICAL METHODS
(Chem Meth)
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
(CP)
DEAD
(Dead)
DISSERTATIONS
(Diss)
DRUG
(Drug)
DUPLICATE DATA
(Dup)
Description
Abstracts of journal publications or conference
presentations.
Single oral dose or exposure duration of three days or less.
Studies describing the results for air pollution studies.
Studies that describe the effects of the contaminant on
surgically-altered or chemically -modified receptors (e.g.,
right nephrectomy, left renal artery ligature, hormone
implant, etc.).
Studies that investigate toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Studies of anatomy. Instance where the contaminant is
used in physical studies (e.g., silver nitrate staining for
histology).
Studies on bacteria or susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Studies reporting the measurement of the concentration of
the contaminant in tissues.
Studies of biological toxicants, including venoms, fungal
toxins, Bacillus thuringiensis, other plant, animal, or
microbial extracts or toxins.
Studies reporting results for a biomarker having no
reported association with an adverse effect and an
exposure dose (or concentration).
Studies that report data only for carcinogenic endpoints
such as tumor induction. Papers that report systemic
toxicity data are retained for coding of appropriate
endpoints.
Studies reporting methods for determination of
contaminants, purification of chemicals, etc. Studies
describing the preparation and analysis of the contaminant
in the tissues of the receptor.
Studies reported in conference and symposium
proceedings.
Studies reporting results for dead organisms. Studies
reporting field mortalities with necropsy data where it is
not possible to establish the dose to the organism.
Dissertations are excluded. However, dissertations are
flagged for possible future use.
Studies reporting results for testing of drug and therapeutic
effects and side-effects. Therapeutic drugs include
vitamins and minerals. Studies of some minerals may be
included if there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies reporting results that are duplicated in a separate
publication. The publication with the earlier year is used.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
(Ecol)
EFFLUENT
(Effl)
ECOLOGICALLY
RELEVANT ENDPOINT
(ERE)
CONTAMINANT
FATE/METABOLISM
(Fate)
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(FL)
FOOD STUDIES
(Food)
FUNGUS
(Fungus)
GENE
(Gene)
HUMAN HEALTH
(HHE)
IMMUNOLOGY
(IMM)
INVERTEBRATE
(Invert)
IN VITRO
(In Vit)
LEAD SHOT
(Lead shot)
MEDIA
(Media)
METHODS
(Meth)
MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
(Mineral)
MIXTURE
(Mix)
Description
Studies of ecological processes that do not investigate
effects of contaminant exposure (e.g., studies of "silver"
fox natural history; studies on ferrets identified in iron
search).
Studies reporting effects of effluent, sewage, or polluted
runoff.
Studies reporting a result for endpoints considered as
ecologically relevant but is not used for deriving Eco-SSLs
(e.g., behavior, mortality).
Studies reporting what happens to the contaminant, rather
than what happens to the organism. Studies describing the
intermediary metabolism of the contaminant (e.g.,
radioactive tracer studies) without description of adverse
effects.
Studies in languages other than English.
Food science studies conducted to improve production of
food for human consumption.
Studies on fungus.
Studies of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and
mutagenicity).
Studies with human subjects.
Studies on the effects of contaminants on immuno logical
endpoints.
Studies that investigate the effects of contaminants on
terrestrial invertebrates are excluded.
In vitro studies, including exposure of cell cultures,
excised tissues and/or excised organs.
Studies administering lead shot as the exposure form.
These studies are labeled separately for possible later
retrieval and review.
Authors must report that the study was conducted using
natural or artificial soil. Studies conducted in pore water or
any other aqueous phase (e.g., hydroponic solution), filter
paper, petri dishes, manure, organic or histosoils (e.g., peat
muck, humus), are not considered suitable for use in
defining soil screening levels.
Studies reporting methods or methods development
without usable toxicity test results for specific endpoints.
Studies examining the minerals required for better
production of animals for human consumption, unless
there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies that report data for combinations of single
toxicants (e.g. cadmium and copper) are excluded.
Exposure in a field setting from contaminated natural soils
or waste application to soil may be coded as Field Survey.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
MODELING
(Model)
NO CONTAMINANT OF
CONCERN
(No COC)
NO CONTROL
(No Control)
NO DATA
(No Data)
NO DOSE or CONC
(No Dose)
NO DURATION
(No Dur)
NO EFFECT
(No Efct)
NO ORAL
(No Oral)
NO ORGANISM
(No Org) or NO SPECIES
NOT AVAILABLE
(Not Avail)
NOT PRIMARY
(Not Prim)
NO TOXICANT
(No Tox)
NO TOX DATA
(No Tox Data)
NUTRIENT
(Nutrient)
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
(Nut def)
NUTRITION
(Nut)
OTHER AMBIENT
CONDITIONS
(OAC)
Description
Studies reporting the use of existing data for modeling,
i.e., no new organism toxicity data are reported. Studies
which extrapolate effects based on known relationships
between parameters and adverse effects.
Studies that do not examine the toxicity of Eco-SSL
contaminants of concern.
Studies which lack a control or which have a control that is
classified as invalid for derivation of TRVs.
Studies for which results are stated in text but no data is
provided. Also refers to studies with insufficient data
where results are reported for only one organism per
exposure concentration or dose (wildlife).
Studies with no usable dose or concentration reported, or
an insufficient number of doses/concentrations are used
based on Eco-SSL SOPs. These are usually identified
after examination of full paper. This includes studies
which examine effects after exposure to contaminant
ceases. This also includes studies where offspring are
exposed in utero and/or lactation by doses to parents and
then after weaning to similar concentrations as their
parents. Dose cannot be determined.
Studies with no exposure duration. These are usually
identified after examination of full paper.
Studies with no relevant effect evaluated in a biological
test species or data not reported for effect discussed.
Studies using non-oral routes of contaminant
administration including intraperitoneal injection, other
injection, inhalation, and dermal exposures.
Studies that do not examine or test a viable organism (also
see in vitro rejection category).
Papers that could not be located. Citation from electronic
searches may be incorrect or the source is not readily
available.
Papers that are not the original compilation and/or
publication of the experimental data.
No toxicant used. Publications often report responses to
changes in water or soil chemistry variables, e.g., pH or
temperature. Such publications are not included.
Studies where toxicant used but no results reported that
had a negative impact (plants and soil invertebrates).
Nutrition studies reporting no concentration related
negative impact.
Studies of the effects of nutrient deficiencies. Nutritional
deficient diet is identified by the author. If reviewer is
uncertain then the administrator should be consulted.
Effects associated with added nutrients are coded.
Studies examining the best or minimum level of a
chemical in the diet for improvement of health or
maintenance of animals in captivity.
Studies which examine other ambient conditions: pH,
salinity, DO, UV, radiation, etc.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
OIL
(Oil)
OM,pH
(OM, pH)
ORGANIC METAL
(Org Met)
LEAD BEHAVIOR OR HIGH
DOSE MODELS
(Pb Behav)
PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
(Phys)
PLANT
(Plant)
PRIMATE
(Prim)
PUBLAS
(Publ as)
QSAR
(QSAR)
REGULATIONS
(Reg)
REVIEW
(Rev)
Description
Studies which examine the effects of oil and petroleum
products.
Organic matter content of the test soil must be reported by
the authors, but may be presented in one of the following
ways; total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic
carbon (POC), organic carbon (OC), coarse particulate
organic matter (CPOM), particulate organic matter (POM),
ash free dry weight of soil, ash free dry mass of soil,
percent organic matter, percent peat, loss on ignition
(LOI), organic matter content (OMC).
With the exception of studies on non-ionizing substances,
the study must report the pH of the soil, and the soil pH
should be within the range of >4 and <8.5. Studies that
do not report pH or report pH outside this range are
rejected.
Studies which examine the effects of organic metals. This
includes tetraethyl lead, triethyl lead, chromium
picolinate, phenylarsonic acid, roxarsone, 3-nitro-4-
phenylarsonic acid,, zinc phosphide, monomethylarsonic
acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO), or arsenobetaine (AsBe) and other organo
metallic fungicides. Metal acetates and methionines are
not rejected and are evaluated.
There are a high number of studies in the literature that
expose rats or mice to high concentrations of lead in
drinking water (0.1, 1 to 2% solutions) and then observe
behavior in offspring, and/or pathology changes in the
brain of the exposed dam and/or the progeny. Only a
representative subset of these studies were coded.
Behavior studies examining complex behavior (learned
tasks) were also not coded.
Physiology studies where adverse effects are not
associated with exposure to contaminants of concern.
Studies of terrestrial plants are excluded.
Primate studies are excluded.
The author states that the information in this report has
been published in another source. Data are recorded from
only one source. The secondary citation is noted as Publ
As.
Derivation of Quantitative Structure- Activity
Relationships (QSAR) is a form of modeling. QSAR
publications are rejected if raw toxicity data are not
reported or if the toxicity data are published elsewhere as
original data.
Regulations and related publications that are not a primary
source of data.
Studies in which the data reported in the article are not
primary data from research conducted by the author. The
publication is a compilation of data published elsewhere.
These publications are reviewed manually to identify other
relevant literature.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SCORE
(Score)
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SLUDGE
SOIL CONC
(Soil)
SPECIES
STRESSOR
(QAC)
SURVEY
(Surv)
REPTILE OR AMPHIBIAN
(Herp)
UNRELATED
(Unrel)
WATER QUALITY STUDY
(Wqual)
YEAST
(Yeast)
Description
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Papers in which all studies had data evaluation scores at or
lower then the acceptable cut-off (_s 10 of 18) for plants
and soil invertebrates).
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Studies on the effects of ingestion of soils amended with
sewage sludge.
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in soil.
Studies in which the species of concern was not a
terrestrial invertebrate or plant or mammal or bird.
Studies examining the interaction of a stressor (e.g.,
radiation, heat, etc.) and the contaminant, where the effect
of the contaminant alone cannot be isolated.
Studies reporting the toxicity of a contaminant in the field
over a period of time. Often neither a duration nor an
exposure concentration is reported.
Studies on reptiles and amphibians. These papers flagged
for possible later review.
Studies that are unrelated to contaminant exposure and
response and/or the receptor groups of interest.
Studies of water quality.
Studies of yeast.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
-------
c«j!og»c::ii Soil Svroonlng
Appendix 5-1
Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRY) - Vanadium
April 2005
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 1 of 3
Ref
Result #
2;
1
8
a
Q
;_
*s
s.
CO
^fi
Q
H
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
Q
*
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Control Type
Test Location
Ednpoint Number
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
1
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
6727
5736
8125
6412
15690
5843
5843
5927
6041
25961
8125
5453
6876
White and Dieter, 1978
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1990
Phillips et al, 1982
Nielsen et al, 1980
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Blalock and Hill, 1987
Kubena et al, 1986
Bressman, et al., 2002
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1994
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Vanadyl sulfate
Sodium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavandate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl chloride
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Ammoinium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
100
100
100
17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
4
4
2
2
2
4
3
4
2
2
2
0/2.84/10.36/110
0/40
0/10/20/30
0/25/50/100
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/10/20/40
0/12.5/25.0
0/20/40/60
0/25
0/50
0/100
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Y
NR
NR
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
EOD
ADL
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
3
18
19
15
32
8
6
2
28
56
19
21
8
w
d
d
mo
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
1
1
1
1
1
25
72
1
1
32
1
1
1
yr
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
d
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
AD
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
M
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
4
2
3
2
4
4
3
5
4
2
2
3
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHOL
GLTH
CHLR
NKAT
HMCT
GBCM
GBCM
HMGL
NACO
GBCM
CHLR
PCON
LIPD
BL
KI
SR
KI
BL
EG
EG
BL
SR
EX
SR
SR
PL
2.84
40.0
30.0
10.4
25.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
12.5
20.0
25.0
50.0
100
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
1.17
0.564
0.000564
1.042
1.07
1.6
1.6
0.233
0.2496
1.6
0.564
0.564
0.3543
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
0.121
0.04009
0.00045
0.05978
0.06082
0.102
0.117
0.02255
0.02358
0.1049
0.04009
0.04009
0.02962
0.309
2.84
23.8
1.13
0.244
0.284
0.319
0.366
0.968
1.18
1.31
1.78
3.55
8.36
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
76
67
69
69
70
70
66
70
70
70
69
69
70
Behavior
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
6085
6469
25961
8577
5749
7051
5456
5736
6508
5734
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Sell et al, 1986
Bressman, et al., 2002
Sell et al, 1982
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1990
Summers andMoran, 1972
Toussant and Latshaw, 1994
Hill, 1990
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Hill, 1990
Ammonium vanadate
Dicalcium phosphate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadium
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Sodium vanadate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
0/5/10/20
0/4.6/7.4
0/20/40/60
0/10.2/27.5/30.4
0/10/30/100
0/10
0/18.6
0/40
0/40
0/40
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
U
M
U
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
4
4
56
4
4
3
14
18
7
19
w
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
1
25
32
41
43
NR
25
1
40-60
1
d
w
w
w
w
NR
w
d
w
d
JV
SM
SM
SM
SM
JV
SM
JV
SM
JV
M
F
F
F
F
NR
F
F
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
2
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FDNG
FCNS
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
5.0
7.40
20.0
27.5
30.0
10.0
40.0
30.4
100
10.0
18.6
40.0
40.0
40.0
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.65
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.564
1.6
0.564
1.6
0.564
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
0.03829
0.1132
0.1049
0.106
0.098
0.0191
0.114
0.025
0.11
0.04009
0.295
0.524
1.31
1.82
1.84
0.589
2.62
2.01
6.13
0.339
1.33
1.77
2.75
2.84
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
10
10
8
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
80
78
79
84
77
73
78
73
73
72
Physiology
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
6085
6469
3740
3740
5736
5971
3740
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Sell et al, 1986
Romoser,et al, 1961
Romoser,et al, 1961
Hill, 1990
Cupo and Donaldson, 1987
Romoser,et al, 1961
Ammonium vanadate
Dicalcium phosphate
Calcium vanadate
Calcium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
Calcium vanadate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
4
1
3
2
1
1
1
4
3
4
6
2
2
7
0/5/10/20
0/4.6/7.4
0/23/48/55
0/10/15/20/30/40
0/40
0/20
0/40/60/120/200/400/601
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
4
4
21
21
18
21
21
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
1
25
9
7
1
1
11
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
4
3
2
2
3
2
3
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
FDCV
GPHY
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
FDCV
wo
EG
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
5.0
7.40
23.0
30.0
10.0
48.0
40.0
40.0
20.0
40.0
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
0.65
1.6
1.042
1.3
0.564
0.213
1.3
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
0.03829
0.1132
0.05978
0.06904
0.025
0.02127
0.06904
0.295
0.524
1.32
1.59
0.589
2.75
2.12
1.77
2.00
2.12
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
6
5
5
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
10
10
4
4
4
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
80
71
78
78
73
73
72
Pathology
31
32
33
34
35
36
6412
5453
6388
5971
6192
6876
Phillips et al, 1982
Hill, 1994
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Cupo and Donaldson, 1987
Kubena et al, 1985
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammoinium metavanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Sodium vanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium vanadate
17
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
5
2
2
2
0/25/50/100
0/50
0/12.5/25/50/100
0/20
0/50
0/100
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
NR
N
NR
N
N
ADL
EOD
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
UX
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
15
21
20
21
28
8
d
d
w
d
d
w
1
1
29
1
1
1
d
d
w
d
d
d
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
F
M
F
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
3
3
3
4
2
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
HIS
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
GfflS
SMIX
GfflS
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
KI
HE
WO
FP
LI
LI
50.0
50.0
100
100
20.0
50.0
100
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.042
0.564
1.206
0.213
0.24345
0.3543
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05978
0.04009
0.06575
0.02127
0.0232
0.02962
0.489
3.55
5.45
0.977
2.00
4.76
8.36
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
78
72
69
73
73
73
Reproduction
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
8577
6469
5843
6508
6508
6388
6508
6848
6848
5843
9749
9749
5749
8577
Sell et al, 1982
Sell et al, 1986
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1990
Sell et al, 1982
Ammonium vanadate
Dicalcium phosphate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadate chloride
Vanadyl sulfate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
2
1
1
5
6
1
4
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
4
3
2
3
3
5
4
3
5
2
2
3
4
4
0/2/4/6/7.9
0/4.6/7.4
0/5
0/20/40
0/20/40
0/12.5/25/50/100
0/20/40/80
0/100/300
0/50/100/200/300
0/5
0/10
0/10/20
0/10/30/100
0/10.2/27.5/30.4
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
U
M
U
U
U
UX
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
4
6
4
4
84
4
1
1
8
6
4
2
7
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
w
d
41
25
72
40
40
29
50
28
NR
25
NR
NR
43
41
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
NR
w
NR
NR
w
w
LB
LB
LB
LB
SM
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
1
3
2
2
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
REP
REP
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
EGG
EQUA
EQUA
EGWT
EQUA
EQUA
TPRD
EQUA
PROG
PROG
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EQUA
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
WO
EG
WO
WO
EG
EG
EG
EG
EG
4.0
4.60
5.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
80.0
100
300
6.0
7.40
40.0
40.0
50.0
300
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.2
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.554
1.6
1.6
0.1
1.6
1.791
1.6
1.6
1.6
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
0.11
0.1132
0.117
0.07903
0.07903
0.07755
0.07903
0.07903
0.013
0.102
0.08505
0.07903
0.107
0.116
0.275
0.325
0.366
0.988
0.988
1.25
3.95
4.94
39.0
0.413
0.524
1.98
1.98
2.50
14.8
0.319
0.475
0.494
0.669
0.740
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
5
5
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
1
10
10
10
1
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
85
90
70
80
84
90
69
84
74
79
79
78
79
84
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 2 of 3
Ref
Result #
51
52
53
54
55
56
2;
1
9749
6508
25961
5456
6508
6508
8
a
Q
;_
*s
s.
CO
^fi
Q
H
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Phase #
2
3
1
1
2
1
# of Cone/ Doses
2
3
4
2
3
2
Cone/ Doses
0/20
0/20/40
0/20/40/60
0/18.6
0/40/80
0/40
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
NR
NR
N
N
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
M
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
4
4
14
9
4
7
Duration Units
w
w
d
d
w
w
Q
*
NR
35-40
32
25
48
40-60
Age Units
NR
w
w
w
w
w
Lifestage
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
X
£
F
F
F
F
F
F
Control Type
C
C
C
C
C
C
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Ednpoint Number
1
2
3
3
1
3
Effects
General Effect Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Type
EGG
EGG
EGG
REP
EGG
REP
Effect Measure
EQUA
EQUA
ESQU
PROG
EGWT
TPRD
Response Site
EG
EG
EG
WO
EG
WO
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
20.0
20.0
20.0
18.6
40.0
40.0
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Body Weight in kg
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.07903
0.07903
0.1049
0.114
0.07903
0.11
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
0.988
0.988
1.31
1.33
1.98
2.75
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
10
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
5
5
6
6
6
6
Endpoint
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
78
78
79
84
79
79
Growth
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
6412
6085
15690
6085
397
5843
9749
8125
8125
14512
6508
3740
5079
6388
5749
6508
6508
8577
14516
6041
14516
8663
6848
7051
92
9290
9290
9290
5927
3740
5456
1370
5736
8125
5971
3740
5736
1370
14512
395
92
6508
5734
8663
8663
5453
8028
14512
Phillips et al, 1982
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Nielsen et al, 1980
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Hill 1979
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Jensen and Maurice, 1980
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1990
Hathcock et al., 1964
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Romoser,et al, 1961
Qureshi et al, 1999
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1990
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Sell et al, 1982
Nelson et al, 1962
Kubena et al, 1986
Nelson et al, 1962
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Summers andMoran, 1972
Hill, 1974
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Blalock and Hill, 1987
Romoser,et al, 1961
Toussant and Latshaw, 1994
Hill, 1979
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1990
Cupo and Donaldson, 1987
Romoser,et al, 1961
Hill, 1990
Hill, 1979
Hathcock et al., 1964
Hill, 1980
Hill, 1974
Ousterhout and Berg, 1981
Hill, 1990
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hill, 1994
Hill, 1992
Hathcock et al., 1964
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavandate
Ammonium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
NH4V03
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Calcium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl dichloride
Vanadyl sulfate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Vanadium
Sodium Vanadate
Vanadyl Sulfate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Vanadyl Dichloride
Vanadyl chloride
Calcium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
Calcium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl Sulfate
Sodium Vanadate
Sodium Vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Sodium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammoinium metavanadate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Ammonium Metavanadate
17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
2
1
1
3
2
3
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
5
6
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
2
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
4
4
3
3
6
4
5
4
3
3
4
5
3
10
4
5
2
6
3
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
4
3
2
2
2
0/25/50/100
0/5
0/5
0/5/10/20
0/3/6/12
0/5
0/10
0/10/20/30
0/10/20/40
0/10/25
0/20/40
0/10/15/20/30/40
0/10/25/50
0/12.5/25/50/100
0/10/30/100
0/20/40
0/20/40
0/10.2/27.5/30.4
0/17/27/47/87
0/12.5/25.0
0/14.07/17/21.14/27/35.:
0/50/100/200
0/50/100/200/300
0/10
0/5/10/15/20/25
0/10/20
0/10/20
0/10/20
0/10/20/40
0/23/48/55
0/18.6
0/20
0/40
0/25
0/20
0/40/60/120/200/400/601
0/30
0/25
0/25
0/25
0/25/50
0/40
0/40
0/50/100/200
0/50/200
0/50
0/50
0/50
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
Y
N
NR
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
N
NR
N
N
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
N
N
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
EOD
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
25
4
4
4
5
8
6
19
19
14
4
21
14
56
4
4
4
4
4
28
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
3
21
14
2
18
19
21
21
18
2
14
1
2
7
19
4
4
21
19
14
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
d
1
1
1
1
1
25
NR
1
1
1
35-40
7
1
29
43
40
40
41
NR
1
NR
1
1
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
1
9
25
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
40-60
1
1
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
d
w
NR
d
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
NR
d
NR
d
d
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
NR
F
M
B
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
NR
B
M
M
M
F
M
F
B
F
F
M
M
F
B
NR
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
NR
NR
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
M
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
25.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10
20.0
20.0
10.0
25.0
30.0
40.0
40.0
30.4
27
25.0
35.3
50.0
300
50.0
10.0
12.0
20.0
20.0
25
40.0
30.0
25.0
50.0
100
47
47.0
100
10.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
23.0
18.6
20
40.0
25.0
20.0
40.0
30.0
25
25
25.0
25.0
40.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.042
0.687
1.07
0.65
1.042
1.6
1.791
0.564
0.564
0.328
1.6
1.3
0.12
1.526
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.319
0.25035
0.464
1.042
0.0618
0.564
0.328
0.328
0.328
0.328
0.233
1.042
1.6
0.328
0.564
0.564
0.213
1.3
0.564
0.328
0.328
0.328
0.328
1.6
0.564
1.042
1.041
0.564
0.564
0.328
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05978
0.03839
0.06082
0.03829
0.05978
0.102
0.08505
0.04009
0.04009
0.02817
0.07903
0.06904
0.01464
0.07663
0.098
0.07903
0.07903
0.116
0.02766
0.02363
0.0353
0.05978
0.0095
0.0191
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.02255
0.05978
0.114
0.02817
0.025
0.04009
0.02127
0.06904
0.04009
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.11
0.04009
0.05978
0.05974
0.04009
0.04009
0.02817
0.244
0.279
0.284
0.295
0.344
0.366
0.475
0.711
0.711
0.904
0.988
1.050
1.22
1.26
1.84
1.98
1.98
2.20
2.34
2.36
2.68
2.87
46.1
0.489
0.589
0.688
1.42
1.42
2.26
1.98
1.59
3.05
2.51
6.13
4.07
3.58
5.74
0.339
0.429
0.859
0.859
0.859
0.968
1.32
1.33
1.72
1.77
1.78
2.00
2.12
2.13
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.75
2.84
2.87
2.87
3.55
3.55
4.29
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
7
6
7
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
4
4
10
10
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
4
4
4
10
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
1
1
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
1
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
82
69
68
84
82
68
68
82
82
82
82
82
83
88
81
67
67
73
83
68
83
82
74
71
76
76
76
76
77
76
82
76
77
76
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 3 of 3
Ref
Result #
105
106
107
108
2;
1
5295
6192
8663
6876
8
a
Q
;_
*s
s.
CO
^fi
Q
H
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Phase #
1
1
5
1
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
3
2
Cone/ Doses
0/50
0/50
0/100/200
0/100
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
NR
N
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
14
14
4
8
Duration Units
d
d
w
w
Q
*
1
1
1
1
Age Units
d
d
d
d
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
X
£
NR
M
M
M
Control Type
C
C
C
C
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Ednpoint Number
1
2
2
1
Effects
General Effect Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Measure
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
WO
wo
wo
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
50.0
50.0
100
100
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
N
Y
N
Y
Body Weight in kg
0.328
0.24345
1.04E-06
0.3543
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.02817
0.0232
0.05978
0.02962
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
4.29
4.76
5.74
8.36
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
5
6
5
6
Endpoint
8
8
8
8
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
1
76
77
76
77
Survival
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
14512
5927
1370
92
1370
92
6041
6388
8663
8663
5453
6192
8663
3740
5079
6727
80
6848
6848
9290
14512
14512
8663
Hathcock et al., 1964
Blalock and Hill, 1987
Hill, 1979
Hill, 1974
Hill, 1979
Hill, 1974
Kubena et al, 1986
Kubena and Phillips 1982
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hill, 1994
Kubena et al, 1985
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Romoser,et al, 1961
Qureshi et al, 1999
White and Dieter, 1978
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Berg and Lawrence, 1971
Hathcock et al., 1964
Hathcock et al., 1964
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Ammonium Metavanadate
Vanadyl chloride
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium Vanadate (NaVO3)
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium Vanadate (NaVO3)
Calcium orthovanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammoinium metavanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Calcium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Vanadyl Sulfate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Duck (Anas sp.)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
5
3
4
2
3
2
6
3
5
3
4
2
2
4
7
4
4
2
3
5
2
2
2
3
0/10/25
0/10/20/40
0/20
0/25/50
0/25
0/5/10/15/20/25
0/12.5/25.0
0/12.5/25/50/100
0/50/200
0/50/100/200
0/50
0/50
0/50/100/200
0/40/60/120/200/400/601
0/10/25/50
0/2.84/10.36/110
0/100
0/100/300
0/50/100/200/300
0/20
0/25
0/50
0/100/200
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
N
N
N
N
N
NR
N
N
N
NR
N
N
NR
N
Y
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
EOD
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
14
3
2
5
2
5
28
84
4
4
21
28
4
21
14
12
15
1
4
2
14
14
4
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
w
d
mo
w
w
d
d
w
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
29
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
28
1
NR
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
yr
d
w
d
NR
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
F
B
B
B
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
M
F
M
M
NR
NR
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
V
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
4
1
2
1
2
4
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
10
10.0
20
25.0
25
25.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
50
50.0
50.0
100
120
50.0
110
100
300
300
25
20.0
50.0
100
200
100.0
200
200
20.0
25
50
100
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.328
0.237
0.328
0.328
0.328
0.328
0.25035
1.554
1.042
1.042
0.564
0.24345
1.042
1.3
0.076
1.17
0.092
1.6
0.0618
0.328
0.328
0.328
1.042
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.02817
0.0228
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.02363
0.07755
0.05978
0.05978
0.04009
0.0232
0.05978
0.06904
0.01087
0.121
0.01231
0.07903
0.0095
0.02817
0.02817
0.02817
0.05978
0.859
0.962
1.72
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.36
2.50
2.87
2.87
3.55
4.76
5.74
6.37
7.15
12.0
13.4
14.8
98.7
2.15
1.92
4.294
4.99
11.5
5.74
11.5
10.6
1.72
2.15
4.29
5.74
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
6
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
6
5
5
6
7
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
4
10
4
4
4
10
10
10
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
83
84
68
83
68
77
78
89
83
83
70
78
83
83
78
80
68
77
77
77
77
77
77
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
6085
6085
6085
5843
7051
7051
5843
5843
8577
6085
6041
6041
5734
25961
8028
5295
6192
6192
14516
14516
80
80
6848
6848
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Summers andMoran, 1972
Summers andMoran, 1972
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Benabdeljelil and Jensen, 1989
Sell et al, 1982
Cervantes and Jensen, 1986
Kubena et al, 1986
Kubena et al, 1986
Hill, 1990
Bressman, et al., 2002
Hill, 1992
Burt et al, 1991
Kubena et al, 1985
Kubena et al, 1985
Nelson et al, 1962
Nelson et al, 1962
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Hafez and Kratzer 1976
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadium
Vanadium
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Sodium vanadate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Ammonium Metavanadate
Ammonium metavanandate
Calcium orthovanadate
Calcium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadate
Vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Duck (Anas sp.)
Duck (Anas sp.)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
3
3
2
4
2
2
2
2
5
10
2
2
3
5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/10
0/10
0/5
0/5
0/2/4/6/7.9
0/5/10/20
0/12.5/25.0
0/12.5/25.0
0/40
0/20/40/60
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/17/27/47/87
0/14.07/17/21.14/27/35.:
0/100
0/100
0/100/300
0/50/100/200/300
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
N
N
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
N
N
N
N
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
4
4
4
8
3
3
6
6
4
4
28
28
19
56
20
14
28
28
4
4
15
15
1
1
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
mo
mo
1
1
1
25
NR
NR
72
72
41
1
1
1
1
32
1
14
1
1
NR
NR
1
1
28
NR
d
d
d
w
NR
NR
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
d
d
w
NR
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
AD
AD
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
M
M
M
F
NR
NR
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
NR
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
3
3
2
1
4
1
2
1
3
4
2
3
2
2
2
5
3
1
2
1
3
2
2
PHY
BEH
BIO
BEH
MOR
BIO
GRO
BEH
BEH
BIO
PTH
BEH
BIO
PHY
BIO
BIO
BIO
BEH
PHY
PHY
PTH
BIO
BIO
BIO
PHY
FOB
CHM
FOB
MOR
CHM
GRO
FOB
FOB
CHM
ORW
FOB
CHM
PHY
CHM
CHM
CHM
FOB
PHY
PHY
HIS
ENZ
CHM
CHM
FDCV
FCNS
KCON
FCNS
SURV
PCON
BDWT
FCNS
FCNS
KCON
SMIX
FEFF
GBCM
FDCV
NADP
LIPD
HMGL
FEFF
FDCV
FDCV
NCRO
GLPX
CHOL
CHOL
wo
wo
LI
wo
wo
PL
wo
wo
wo
LI
LI
wo
LI
wo
LI
MU
SR
WO
wo
wo
MT
BL
YO
YO
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
7.90
20.0
25.0
25.0
40.0
60.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
87
120.1
100
100
300
300
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
0.687
0.687
0.687
1.6
0.564
0.564
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.557
0.25035
0.25035
0.564
1.6
0.564
0.328
0.24345
0.24345
0.206
0.235
0.092
0.092
1.6
0.1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.03839
0.03839
0.03839
0.102
0.0191
0.0191
0.117
0.117
0.108
0.0345
0.02363
0.02363
0.04009
0.0894
0.04009
0.02817
0.0232
0.0232
0.0208
0.02267
0.01231
0.01231
0.07903
0.013
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.319
0.339
0.339
0.366
0.366
0.533
1.24
2.36
2.36
2.84
3.35
3.55
4.29
4.76
4.76
8.79
11.6
13.4
13.4
14.8
39.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
5
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
1
4
9
1
8
4
4
1
4
4
1
4
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
65
65
65
64
63
55
64
60
64
62
64
64
65
64
62
62
61
64
64
64
63
62
60
60
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
-------
c«j!og»c::ii Soil Svroonlng
Appendix 6-1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife
Toxicity Reference Value (TRY) - Vanadium
April 2005
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 1 of 3
Ref
Result #
Z;
1
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
6
SS
fe
.1
1
5»
H
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Control Type
C
o
H
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
^
o
H
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17942
17758
17806
17668
17431
17908
14511
149
17849
17911
17421
17331
15506
17283
14517
17933
17448
Mravcova et al, 1989
Jadhav and Jandhyala, 1983
Domingo etal, 1985
Zaporowska, 1994
Bogdenetal, 1982
MacDonald et al, 1988
Hansard, et al, 1978
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Susie andKentera, 1986
Susie andKentera, 1987
Zaporowska et al, 1 993
Sharmaetal, 1986
Schroeder, 1968
Meryervitch et al. 1987
Mountain et al, 1953
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
Higashmo et al, 1983
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Analytical ammonium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Sodium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Vanadyl sulfate
Sodium metavanadate
Vanadium Pentoxide
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
100
51.49
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus")
Sheep (Ovis aries~)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
5
3
2
4
2
2
3
3
4
2
2
3
2
3
0/0.2/100
0/1.9/22.2
0/5/10/50
0/1.18/4.93/12.99/22.06
0/5/25
0/2.55
0/10/100/200
0/200
0/300
0/5/47
0/1.18/4.93
0/1.88/7.07/17.24
0/5.444
0/24
0/10.33/18.88
0/29
0/4612/21695
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
3
6
3
4
2
20
84
10
2
24
4
30
738
3
76
4
2
mo
w
mo
w
w
d
d
w
mo
w
w
d
d
w
d
w
w
21
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3-3.5
2
NR
21-23
NR
NR
2
NR
d
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
d
NR
NR
mo
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
M
M
M
F
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
3
5
2
1
2
4
4
4
3
3
1
1
2
3
4
1
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
HMGL
NKAT
PRTL
ASCA
NKAT
NACO
HMGL
GLPX
HMCT
HMCT
RBCE
NORE
CHOL
GCHM
GBCM
RBCE
NACO
BL
KI
PL
KI
BR
BL
WO
BL
BL
BL
BL
HY
SR
LI
HA
BL
PL
0.20
1.90
10.0
1.18
25.0
25.0
200
200
300
5.0
100
22 2
50.0
4.93
47.0
1.18
1.88
5.44
24
10.3
29.0
4612
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.35
0.25
0.5416
0.217
0.233
0.65
54.5
16.6
0.358
0.358
0.25383
0.027
0.51
0.2714
0.392
0.250
0.2349
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
0.0384854
0.029
0.0570093
0.002502
0.0207455
0.06718
1.55
0.6916487
0.029529
0.029529
1.763E-05
0.0038359
0.0268903
0.03257
0.0183
1.51E-05
0.0208844
0.0220
0.978
1.05
1.18
2.23
2.55
5.69
8.33
10.8
14.0
11.0
11.4
5.26
4.93
131
1.18
1.88
5.44
24
26.4
29.0
4612
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
10
6
7
7
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
7
10
7
6
6
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
8
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
67
71
69
73
68
66
69
70
70
74
69
74
69
69
71
69
76
Behavior
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
17421
17465
14511
17668
17677
17515
17487
14508
14508
17205
17357
17357
17292
17224
17283
17379
17933
Zaporowska et al, 1 993
Sanchez etal, 1991
Hansard, et al, 1978
Zaporowska, 1994
Hansard etal, 1982
Parker and Sharma, 1978
Paternam et al, 1990
Franke and Moxon 1937
Franke and Moxon 1937
Adachi et al, 2000
Dai etal, 1995
Dai etal, 1995
Cadene et al, 1996
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Meryervitch et al. 1987
Ganguhetal, 1994
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Analytical ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate or Sodium orthovanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate hydrate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
100
27.7
100
100
100
100
20.13
100
100
100
100
100
20.14
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Sheep (Ovis ones}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Sheep (Ovis aries~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
4
5
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/1.18/4.93
0/7.5/15/30/60
0/10/100/200
0/1.18/4.93/12.99/22.06
0/50/200
0/854/8540
0/37.5/75/150
0/1.88
0/3.58
0/7060
0/7.64
0/9.68
0/0.75
0/11.6
0/24
0/0.25
0/29
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/kg bw/d
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
NR
U
U
ux
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
GV
FD
DR
FD
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
4
9
2
4
90
3
9
100
100
5
1
8
6
4
3
10
2
w
d
w
w
d
mo
d
d
d
d
w
w
mo
w
w
d
w
2
NR
NR
2
NR
1
NR
28
28
6
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
2
mo
NR
NR
mo
NR
mo
NR
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
mo
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
M
F
M
M
M
NR
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
WCON
WCON
WCON
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
1.18
7.50
100
4.93
200
8540
150
4.93
15.0
200
12.99
1.88
3.58
7060
7.64
9.68
0.75
11.6
24
0.250
29.0
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.25785
0.0355
38.75
0.217
51.28
0.45
0.0045
0.2528
0.151
0.142
0.55
0.52
0.4196
0.260
0.2714
0.23
0.225
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
1.763E-05
0.004
1.55
0.002502
1.4
0.3795556
0.0052185
0.0105
0.00775
0.01
0.0578045
0.0549589
0.0321
0.01961
0.03257
0.0263749
1.425E-05
1.18
2.08
4.00
4.93
5.46
8.54
30.2
4.93
4.16
8.00
13.0
1.88
3.58
7.06
7.64
9.68
11.6
11.6
24
28.7
29.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
5
10
5
8
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
10
7
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
10
6
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
3
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
76
86
91
78
67
67
78
77
77
77
72
72
69
69
72
68
72
Physiology
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
17806
14511
17758
17292
17336
17328
17375
17908
17263
17849
17224
17911
Domingo etal, 1985
Hansard, et al, 1978
Jadhav and Jandhyala, 1983
Cadene et al, 1996
Hamel and Duckworth, 1995
Carmignani etal, 1996
Boscolo, et al, 1994
MacDonald et al, 1988
Elfant and Keen, 1987
Susie and Kentera, 1986
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Susie andKentera, 1987
Sodium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Vanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Sodium orthovanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
100
100
51.49
20.14
100
100
100
100
100
43.55
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Sheep (Ovis aries~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
0/5/10/50
0/10/100/200
0/1.9/22.2
0/0.75
0/81.5
0/1
0/1
0/2.55
0/75
0/300
0/11.6
0/5/47
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
ug/g
mg/org/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
U
ux
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
2
84
6
6
14
12
180
14
3
2
4
24
w
d
w
mo
d
mo
d
d
w
mo
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
39-41
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
3-3.5
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
EXCR
FDCV
BLPR
GPHY
GPHY
BDVL
BLPR
EXCR
GPHY
BLPR
FDCV
GPHY
KI
WO
WO
HE
LI
WO
WO
KI
LI
WO
WO
WO
10.0
200
22.2
0.75
81.5
50.0
1.0
1.0
25.0
75
300
11.6
5.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.1868
54.5
0.25
0.4196
0.14
3.76
0.267
0.65
0.334
0.358
0.260
0.358
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
0.04164
1.55
0.029
0.0321
0.0136482
0.3260651
0.0301644
0.06718
0.0278918
0.029529
0.01961
0.029529
2.23
5.69
11.4
11.6
81.5
11.1
0.08672
0.11298
2.55
6.26
10.8
11.6
14.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
10
7
10
5
5
7
6
6
7
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
6
6
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
73
81
68
69
68
67
67
69
73
73
69
73
Pathology
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
17942
17400
17465
17487
252
17400
149
17849
Mravcova et al, 1989
Mravcova et al, 1993
Sanchez etal, 1991
Paternam et al, 1990
Schroeder et al, 1970
Mravcova et al, 1993
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Susie andKentera, 1986
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadium oxide
Sodium orthovanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Vanadyl Sulfate
Vanadium oxide
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
100
100
27.7
20.13
100
100
100
43.55
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
1
1
1
1
2
2
i
i
3
3
5
4
2
2
2
2
0/0.2/100
0/1/100
0/7.5/15/30/60
0/37.5/75/150
0/5
0/4.29
0/200
0/300
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
N
NR
ADL
NR
DLY
DLY
ADL
X per v
ADL
NR
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
DR
GV
GV
DR
GV
FD
FD
3
6
12
9
1202
6
10
2
mo
mo
d
d
d
w
w
mo
21
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
JV
NR
GE
GE
JV
NR
JV
JV
M
B
F
F
B
B
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
i
3
4
1
1
3
3
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
ORWT
GLSN
SMIX
SP
SP
KI
LI
HE
SP
HE
HE
0.20
1.0
15.0
37.5
100
100
30.0
75.0
5
4.29
200
300
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
0.35
0.5
0.0471
0.0043
0.4728
0.0375
16.6
0.358
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
0.0384854
0.0530528
0.006
0.0054171
0.0504481
0.0046218
0.6916487
0.029529
0.0220
0.106
4.16
7.55
11.0
10.6
8.31
15.1
0.534
4.29
8.33
10.8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
8
8
5
8
10
10
5
5
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
5
10
10
6
10
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
70
69
86
86
68
68
73
73
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 2 of 3
Ref
Result #
Z;
1
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
6
SS
fe
.1
1
5»
H
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
&
•<
Age Units
Lifestage
x
»
Control Type
C
o
H
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
^
o
H
Reproduction
55
56
57
58
59
17465
17864
17263
17487
17379
Sanchez etal, 1991
Domingo etal, 1986
Elf ant and Keen, 1987
Paternam et al, 1990
Gangulietal, 1994
Sodium orthovanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Sodium orthovanadate
27.7
43.55
100
20.13
100
Mouse (Mm musculns }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus'')
1
1
2
i
i
5
4
2
4
2
0/7.5/15/30/60
0/5/10/20
0/75
0/37.5/75/150
0/0.25
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
N
N
NR
N
NR
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
U
U
U
U
U
GV
OR
FD
GV
DR
12
36
3
9
10
d
d
w
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
F
F
F
F
F
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
4
1
2
5
3
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
ODVP
PRWT
PROG
RSEM
PROG
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
15.0
30.0
5.0
75
37.5
0.250
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0471
0.28
0.334
0.0042
0.23
N
N
N
Y
N
0.006
0.024128
0.0278918
0.0053013
0.0263749
4.16
8.31
2.18
6.26
7.55
28.7
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
8
5
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
92
86
79
86
74
Growth
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
17942
252
1858
14507
17431
17276
17806
17465
17421
17677
14511
14511
17205
17357
17357
17849
17292
17283
17911
17448
14508
14508
17263
17284
17487
149
17224
17688
14517
17933
17927
Mravcova et al, 1989
Schroeder et al, 1970
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1975
Daniel and Lillie, 1938
Bogdenetal, 1982
Sanchez etal, 1998
Domingo etal, 1985
Sanchez etal, 1991
Zaporowska et al, 1 993
Hansard etal, 1982
Hansard, et al, 1978
Hansard, et al, 1978
Adachi et al, 2000
Dai etal, 1995
Dai etal, 1995
Susie andKentera, 1986
Cadeneetal, 1996
Meryervitch et al. 1987
Susie andKentera, 1987
Higashmo et al, 1983
Franke and Moxon 1937
Franke and Moxon 1937
Elfant and Keen, 1987
Chalhss et al, 1987
Paternam et al, 1990
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Bhanotetal, 1994
Mountain et al, 1953
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
Ramanadham et al, 1989
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadyl Sulfate
Vanadyl sulfate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate hydrate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium vanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium orthovanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadium Pentoxide
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate
100
100
100
100
100
41.78
100
27.7
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.55
20.14
100
100
100
100
100
100
Tin
20.13
100
100
25.59
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sheep (Ovis aries}
Sheep (Ovis aries}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Pig (Sus scrofa }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
6
3
4
4
5
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
3
2
2
0/0.2/100
0/5
0/5
0/0.444/1.03/5.11/9.78/19.0
0/5/25
0/4.1/8.2/16.4
0/5/10/50
0/7.5/15/30/60
0/1.18/4.93
0/50/200
0/10/100/200
0/10/100/200
0/7060
0/7.64
0/9.68
0/300
0/0.75
0/24
0/5/47
0/4612/21695
0/1.88
0/3.58
0/75
0/5
0/37.5/75/150
0/200
0/11.6
0/0.75
0/10.33/18.88
0/29
0/1
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/ml
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
N
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
NR
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
ux
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
DR
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
8
519
520
10
2
3
3
9
4
90
84
84
1
12
12
2
6
3
24
2
100
100
3
14
9
3
4
3
76
8
10
w
d
d
w
w
w
mo
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
21
21
19-20
3-4
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3-3.5
NR
28
28
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
6
NR
2
NR
d
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
w
NR
mo
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
M
B
M
B
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
B
B
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
i
i
2
i
i
i
i
2
i
i
2
i
2
1
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.20
5.0
5.0
1.03
25.0
8.20
50.0
15.0
4.93
200
200
200
7060
7.64
9.68
300
0.75
24
47.0
21695
100
5.11
16.4
30.0
1.88
3.58
75
5.0
37.5
200
11.6
0.750
10.3
29.0
1.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.35
0.4728
0.0455
0.242
0.233
0.4468
0.5416
0.0428
0.25785
51.28
54.5
54.5
0.145
0.55
0.52
0.358
0.4196
0.2714
0.345
0.2349
0.2528
0.151
0.334
0.2032
0.0042
10.6
0.260
0.334
0.392
0.270
0.413
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
0.0384854
0.0504481
0.0061354
0.0214019
0.0207455
0.0354283
0.04164
0.00515
1.763E-05
1.4
1.55
1.55
0.0105
0.0578045
0.0549589
0.029529
0.0321
0.03257
0.0286447
0.0208844
0.0105
0.00775
0.0278918
0.0235921
0.0053013
0.4783636
0.01961
0.0368984
0.0183
1.386E-05
0.0446674
0.0220
0.534
0.674
1.03
2.23
3.43
3.84
4.16
4.93
5.46
5.69
5.69
7.06
7.64
9.68
10.8
11.6
24
136
21695
11.0
5.11
6.85
8.31
1.88
3.58
6.26
6.82
7.55
9.03
11.6
21.2
26.4
29.0
108
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
8
5
8
5
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
6
6
6
7
6
10
7
10
10
7
7
7
10
10
10
6
7
10
6
7
10
10
6
6
10
5
7
6
7
10
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
4
4
8
4
10
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
8
10
6
10
8
10
6
6
3
3
1
1
1
10
8
3
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
74
72
70
82
73
85
71
90
72
74
82
82
72
67
67
77
71
73
77
79
81
81
77
72
84
76
73
72
78
76
67
Survival
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
1858
17465
14507
17292
17487
17381
149
17933
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1975
Sanchez etal, 1991
Daniel and Lilhe, 1938
Cadeneetal, 1996
Paternam et al, 1990
Kasibhatla and Rai, 1993
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Zaporowska and Wasilewski, 1989
Vanadyl sulfate
Sodium orthovanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate
Metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
100
Til
100
20.14
20.13
100
100
100
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus}
Pig (Sus scrofa }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
6
2
4
2
2
2
0/5
0/7.5/15/30/60
0/0.444/1.03/5.11/9.78/19.0
0/0.75
0/37.5/75/150
0/20
0/200
0/29
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
NR
N
NR
NR
N
NR
N
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
GV
FD
DR
GV
DR
FD
DR
520
12
10
6
9
171
10
4
d
d
w
mo
d
d
w
w
19-20
NR
3-4
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
d
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
AD
JV
JV
M
F
B
M
F
NR
M
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
3
5
2
4
1
3
2
1
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
LFSP
GMOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
5.0
15.0
9.6
0.75
150
30
17.9
20.0
200
29.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
0.031
0.0471
0.157
0.4196
0.0045
1.259
16.6
0.270
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
0.0043437
0.006
0.0149964
0.0321
0.0052185
0.1218031
0.6916487
1.51E-05
0.701
4.16
9.6
11.6
30.2
8.31
17.9
1.93
8.33
29.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
5
8
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
7
7
10
6
5
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
73
91
85
74
85
66
77
77
Data Not Used to Derive TRV
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
252
757
757
20979
20979
20979
1858
14508
17920
14508
Schroeder et al, 1970
Mercado andBibby 1973
Mercado andBibby 1973
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 967
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 967
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 967
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1975
Franke and Moxon 1937
Kowalska 1988
Franke and Moxon 1937
Vanadyl Sulfate
Vanadic acid, Ammonium salt
Vanadic acid, Ammonium salt
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadyl sulfate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Mouse (Mus musculus }
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/1.88
0/20
0/3.58
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
NR
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
N
N
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
DLY
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
901
50
50
518
518
24
520
100
21
100
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
d
d
21
23
23
20-22
20-22
20-22
19-20
28
3
28
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
B
M
M
B
B
B
B
B
F
M
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
2
2
1
2
3
1
3
3
1
3
MOR
PHY
GRO
PTH
PTH
MOR
PTH
BIO
REP
BIO
MOR
PHY
GRO
GRS
HIS
MOR
HIS
CHM
REP
CHM
TDTH
GPHY
BDWT
BDWT
GHIS
MORT
EDMA
HMGL
OTHR
HMGL
wo
TH
wo
wo
MT
wo
wo
BL
PY
BL
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1.88
20.0
3.58
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
0.4728
0.267
0.267
0.0375
0.0375
0.0375
0.031
0.2528
0.297
0.151
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
0.0504481
0.0301644
0.0301644
0.0051554
0.0051554
0.0051554
0.0043437
0.0105
0.0331983
0.00775
0.534
0.565
0.565
0.687
0.687
0.687
0.701
1.88
2.24
3.58
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
10
5
10
9
4
8
4
4
9
4
1
10
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
64
58
62
58
58
63
59
65
64
65
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Vanadium
Page 3 of 3
Ref
Result #
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
Z;
1
17806
17806
17943
17943
17943
17943
17943
17357
17515
17357
17758
17224
17688
14517
17927
17328
17375
17455
17381
17381
14514
17688
17379
17927
17927
17927
Domingo et al, 1985
Domingo etal, 1985
Mravcova and Puzanova, 1989
Mravcova and Puzanova, 1989
Mravcova and Puzanova, 1989
Mravcova and Puzanova, 1989
Mravcova and Puzanova, 1989
Dai etal, 1995
Parker and Sharma, 1978
Dai etal, 1995
Jadhav and Jandhyala, 1983
Zaporowska and Scibior, 1999
Bhanotetal, 1994
Mountain et al, 1953
Ramanadham et al, 1989
Carmignani etal, 1996
Boscolo, et al, 1994
Carmignani etal, 1992
Kasibhatla and Rai, 1993
Kasibhatla and Rai, 1993
Mascitelli-Coriandoli andCittero, 195!
Bhanotetal, 1994
Gangulietal, 1994
Ramanadham et al, 1989
Ramanadham et al, 1989
Ramanadham et al, 1989
Exposure
S
1
1
g
u
6
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadyl sulfate hydrate
Vanadyl sulfate or Sodium orthovanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadate
Ammonium metavanadate
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadium Pentoxide
Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium vanadate
Metavanadate
Metavanadate
Vanadium
Vanadyl sulfate
Sodium orthovanadate
Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate
Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate
Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate
SS
fe
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
51.49
100
25.59
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
25.59
100
100
100
100
.1
1
«
H
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus~)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus~)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Rat (Rattus norvegicus}
Phase #
1
1
2
2
i
i
i
2
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
# of Cone/ Doses
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
Cone/ Doses
0/5/10/50
0/5/10/50
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/7.64
0/854/8540
0/9.68
0/1.9/22.2
0/11.6
0/0.75
0/10.33/18.88
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/10/40
0/20
0/20
0/0.01/0.05
0/0.75
0/0.25
0/1
0/1
0/1
Cone/Dose Units
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/ml
mg/org/d
mg/ml
mg/L
ug/g
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% in diet
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
mg/ml
Wet Weight Reported?
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
Exposure Duration
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
12
3
12
6
4
3
76
10
12
180
7
45
59
7
3
10
10
10
10
Duration Units
mo
mo
mo
mo
mo
mo
mo
w
mo
w
w
w
w
d
w
mo
d
mo
d
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
&
•<
NR
NR
21
21
21
21
21
NR
1
NR
NR
2
6
NR
NR
3
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
d
d
d
d
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
mo
w
NR
NR
mo
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
LC
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
x
»
M
M
B
B
B
B
B
M
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
NR
NR
NR
M
F
M
M
M
Control Type
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
o
H
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
2
4
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
5
2
2
1
2
i
i
3
4
2
4
3
General Effect Group
BEH
PTH
PTH
GRO
GRO
PTH
PTH
BIO
GRO
BIO
BEH
BIO
PHY
BEH
BEH
BIO
BIO
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
PTH
PHY
BIO
Effect Type
FOB
ORW
HIS
GRO
GRO
HIS
HIS
CHM
GRO
CHM
FOB
ENZ
PHY
FOB
FOB
HRM
HRM
ENZ
GRS
CHM
CHM
HRM
CHM
ORW
PHY
CHM
Effect Measure
WCON
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
BDWT
GHIS
GHIS
HMCT
BDWT
HMCT
WCON
ALPH
BLPR
FCNS
WCON
DOPA
GHRM
GENZ
BDWT
RBCE
CHOL
GHRM
GLUC
ORWT
BLPR
GLUC
Response Site
WO
LI
BO
WO
WO
BO
BO
BL
WO
BL
WO
BL
WO
WO
WO
PL
PL
UR
WO
BL
LI
PL
BL
HE
WO
PL
Study NOAEL
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
7.64
8540
9.68
22.2
11.6
0.750
18.9
1.0
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Study LOAEL
1.0
1.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
0.010
0.750
0.250
1.0
1.0
1.0
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
0.5416
0.5416
0.375
0.375
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.55
0.45
0.52
0.25
0.260
0.334
0.348
0.413
3.76
0.267
0.267
1.337
1.32
0.12
0.334
0.23
0.413
0.413
0.413
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.04164
0.04164
0.0409509
0.0409509
0.0365004
0.0365004
0.0365004
0.0578045
0.3795556
0.0549589
0.029
0.01961
0.0368984
0.0188
0.0446674
0.3260651
0.0301644
0.0301644
0.1285741
0.1271018
0.0120239
0.0368984
0.02637
0.0446674
0.0446674
0.0446674
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
3.84
3.84
5.46
5.46
5.53
5.53
5.53
7.64
8.54
9.68
11.4
11.6
21.2
54.3
108
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
0.08672
0.11298
1.13
1.92
1.93
10.0
21.2
28.7
108
108
108
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
5
5
5
Dose Quantification
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
10
7
10
10
7
6
7
6
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Endpoint
4
4
4
8
8
4
4
1
8
1
4
1
4
4
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
^
o
H
62
62
59
63
63
59
59
60
64
60
65
59
59
65
54
64
64
64
61
58
64
65
65
63
63
60
All abbreviations and definitions are used in coding stuides are available from Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
Eco-SSLfor Vanadium
April 2005
------- |