Environmental Technology Verification
Test Report of Control of Bioaerosols in
HVAC Systems
Airflow Products
AFP30
Prepared by
Research Triangle Institute
HRTI
INTERNATIONAL
Under a Contract with
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
JS^pp A
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM
&EPA HRTI
INTERNATIONAL
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Institute
ETV Joint Verification Statement
TECHNOLOGY TYPE: VENTILATION MEDIA AIR FILTER
APPLICATION: FILTRATION EFFICIENCY OF BIOAEROSOLS IN
HVAC SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY NAME: AFP30
COMPANY: Airflow Products
ADDRESS: 100 Oak Tree Drive PHONE: 815-774-1256
Selma, NC 27576 FAX:
WEB SITE:
E-MAIL: jeff@airflowproducts.net
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has created the Environmental Technology
Verification (ETV) Program to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved
environmental technologies through performance verification and dissemination of information.
The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by accelerating the
acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies. ETV seeks to achieve this goal
by providing high quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those involved in
the design, distribution, financing, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies.
ETV works with recognized standards and testing organizations; stakeholder groups which
consist of buyers, vendor organizations, permitters, and other interested parties; and with the full
participation of individual technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of
innovative and improved technologies by developing test plans that are responsive to the needs
of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as appropriate), collecting and analyzing
data, and preparing peer-reviewed reports. All evaluations are conducted in accordance with
rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate quality are
generated and that the results are defensible.
EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory contracted with the Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) to establish a homeland-security-related ETV Program for products that clean
ventilation air. RTI evaluated the performance of ventilation air filters used in building heating,
ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. This verification statement provides a
summary of the test results for the Airflow Products AFP30.
S-l
-------
VERIFICATION TEST DESCRIPTION
All tests were performed in accordance with RTFs "Test/Quality Assurance Project Plan:
Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters," which was approved by EPA. Tests were
performed for the following:
Bioaerosol filtration efficiency tests of the clean and dust-loaded filter. Three bioaerosols
were used in the testing:
o The spore form of the bacteria Bacillus atrophaeus (BG), a gram-positive spore-
forming bacteria elliptically shaped with dimensions of 0.7 to 0.8 by 1 to 1.5 //m,
o Serratia marcescens, a rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria with a size of 0.5 to 0.8
by 0.9 to 2.0 //m, and
o The bacterial virus (bacteriophage) MS2 dispersed as a micrometer-sized
poly disperse aerosol.
Inert aerosol filtration efficiency tests consisting of an American National Standards
Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 52.2-1999 type test (0.3 to 10 |im) and extended
fractional efficiency measurements down to 0.02 jim particle diameter on both clean and
dust-loaded filter.
ASHRAE 52.2 test. This test provides filtration efficiency results (average of the
minimum composite efficiency) given for three size ranges of particles: El, 0.3 to 1.0
//m; E2, 1.0 to 3.0 //m; and E3, 3.0 //m to 10 //m.
VERIFIED TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
As shown in Figure 1, the Airflow Products AFP30
is a pleated panel filter with nominal dimensions of
0.61 by 0.61 by 0.06 m (24 by 24 by 2 in.). The
media color is blue and frame is cardboard. The
Airflow Products product number is AFP 3000-
24242.
VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE
Verification testing of the Airflow Products AFP30
began on October 31, 2003 at the test facilities of
RTI and was completed on December 2, 2003. The
results for the bioaerosol filtration efficiency tests
are presented in Table 1 for the clean and dust-
loaded filter. Table 2 presents the results of the
ASHRAE 52.2 test. All tests were conducted at an
air flow of 0.93 m3/sec (1970 cfm).
Figure 1. Photograph of the Airflow Products
AFP30 media filter.
S-2
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Table 1. Bioaerosol Filtration Results
Filter Condition
Clean
Dust loaded
Pressure Drop
Pa (in. H2O)
62 (0.25)
247(1.00)
Filtration
Efficiency for
Removal of
B. atrophaeus , %
25
83
Filtration
Efficiency for
Removal of
S. marcescens, %
45
88
Filtration
Efficiency for
Removal of
MS2 phage, %
40
91
Table 2. Summary of ASHRAE 52.2 Test
Filter
Airflow Products,
AFP30
El
0.3 to 1.0 //m,
%
7
E2
1.0 to 3.0 //m,
%
40
E3
3.0 to 10 Aim,
%
58
Minimum Efficiency
Reporting Value
(MERV)
7 at 0.93m3/sec
(1970 cfm)
The quality assurance officer reviewed the test results and the quality control data and concluded
that the data quality objectives given in the approved test/QA plan were attained.
This verification statement addresses two performance measures of media air filters: filtration
efficiency and pressure drop. Users of this technology may wish to consider other performance
parameters such as service life and cost when selecting a media air filter for bioaerosol control.
In accordance with the test/QA plan1, this verification statement is valid for 3 years following the
last signature added on the verification statement.
Original Signed by E. Timothy Oppelt 3/9/2004
E. Timothy Oppelt Date
Director
National Homeland Security Research Center
Office of Research and Development
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Original Signed by David S. Ensor 2/10/2004
David S. Ensor Date
Director
ETV-HS
Research Triangle Institute
NOTICE: ETV verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined
criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA and RTI make no expressed or implied warranties
as to the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as verified. The
end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local requirements.
Mention of commercial product names does not imply endorsement.
so
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Environmental Technology Verification
Test Report of Filtration Efficiency of
Bioaerosols in HVAC Systems
Airflow Products
AFP30
Prepared by:
Research Triangle Institute
Engineering and Technology
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
GS10F0283K-BPA-1, EPA Task Order 1101
RTI Project No. 08787.001
EPA Project Manager:
Theodore G. Brna
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
February 2004
-------
Notice
This document was prepared by the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) with funding from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the General Service Administration Contract
No. GS1OF0283K per EPA's BPA-1, Task Order 1101. The document has undergone RTF s
and EPA's peer and administrative reviews and has been approved for publication. Mention of
corporation names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use of specific products.
Foreword
The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program, established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is designed to accelerate the development and
commercialization of new or improved environmental technologies through third-party
verification and reporting of performance. The goal of the ETV Program is to verify the
performance of commercially ready environmental technologies through the evaluation of
objective and quality-assured data so that potential purchasers and permitters are provided with
an independent and credible assessment of the technology that they are buying or permitting.
EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory contracted with the Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) to establish a homeland-security related ETV Program for products that clean
ventilation air. RTI developed (and EPA approved) the "Test/Quality Assurance Plan for
Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters1." The test described in this report was
conducted following this plan.
Availability of Report
Copies of this verification report are available from
Research Triangle Institute
Engineering and Technology Unit
PO Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, E305-01
109 T.W. Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Web site: http://www.epa.gov/etv/verifications
11
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Table of Contents
ETV Joint Verification Statement S-l
Notice ii
Foreword ii
Availability of Report ii
Table of Contents iii
Acronyms/Abbreviations iv
Acknowledgments v
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Product Description 1
3.0 Test Procedure 1
4.0 Test Results 4
5.0 Limitations and Applications 6
6.0 References 6
Appendix: ASHRAE 52.2 Test Report 7
Figures
Figure 1. Photograph of the Airflow Products AFP30 1
Figure 2. Schematic of Test Duct 2
Figure 3. Summary of the Inert Aerosol Filtration Efficiency Data for the Clean and
Dust-Loaded Filter, # 2 5
Figure A-l. Filtration Efficiency and Flow Resistance for Airflow Products AFP30
Media Filter 10
Tables
Table 1. Numbers of Filters and Expected Utilization 4
Table 2. Bioaerosol Filtration Results for Filter # 2 4
Table 3. Summary of Removal Efficiency Using ASHRAE 52.2 Test for Filter # 1 4
Table 4. DQOs for Precision of Filtration Efficiency Measurements for Culturable Bioaerosol... 6
in
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Acronymns/Abbreviations
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
B Bacillus
BG Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly B. subtilis var niger and Bacillus globigif)
cfm cubic feet per minute
CPU colony forming unit(s)
cm centimeter
dso cutoff diameter, the aerodynamic diameter above which the collection efficiency
of the sampler approaches 100%
DQO data quality objective
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ETL SEMKO Electrical Testing Laboratories, Svenska Elektriska Materielkontrollanstalten AB
ETV Environmental Technology Verification
F Fahrenheit
fpm feet per minute
HS homeland security
in. inch(es)
KC1 potassium chloride
kPa kilopascal(s)
L liter(s)
MERV minimum efficiency reporting value
m meter(s)
mm millimeter(s)
mL milliliter(s)
min minute(s)
//m micrometer(s)
NAFA National Air Filtration Association
nm nanometer(s)
OPC optical particle counter
QA quality assurance
QC quality control
Pa pascal(s)
PFU plaque forming unit(s)
psig pounds per square inch gauge
RTI Research Triangle Institute
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SMPS scanning mobility particle sizer
IV
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of all of those who helped plan and conduct the
verification activities. In particular, we would like to thank Ted Brna, EPA's Project Manager,
and Paul Groff, EPA's Quality Assurance Manager, both of EPA's National Risk Management
Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC. We would also like to acknowledge the
assistance and participation of
our stakeholder group for their input,
Al Veeck and the National Air Filtration Association (NAFA), and Intertek ETL SEMKO
(Electrical Testing Laboratories, Svenska Elektriska Materielkontrollanstalten AB),
especially Theresa Peck, for their help in acquiring the filters, and
Airflow Products for donating the filters to be tested.
For more information on the Airflow Products AFP30 media filter, contact
Jeff Holt
Airflow Products
100 Oak Tree Drive
Selma, NC 27576
Phone 919-975-0240
Email: j eff@airflowproducts.net
For more information on RTFs ETV program, contact
Debbie Franke
Research Triangle Institute
PO Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194
Telephone: (919) 541-6826
Email: dlf@rti.org
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1.0 Introduction
EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory contracted with the Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) to establish a homeland-security related ETV Program for products that clean
ventilation air. RTI convened a group of stakeholders representing government and industry
with knowledge and interest in the areas of homeland security and building ventilation. The
group met in December 2002 and recommended technologies to be tested. RTI then developed
(and EPA approved) the "Test/Quality Assurance Plan for Biological Testing of General
Ventilation Filters1." The first round of tests included ten types of filters. The tests described in
this report were conducted following this plan.
2.0 Product Description
As shown in Figure 1, the Airflow Products AFP30 is a
pleated panel filter with nominal dimensions of 0.61 by
0.61 by 0.06 m (24 by 24 by 2 in.). The media color is
blue and frame is cardboard. The Airflow Products
product number is AFP 3000-24242.
3.0 Test Procedure
The test program measured the culturable bioaerosol
removal efficiency of general ventilation filters. Three
tests were required to accomplish this goal. First, the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Standard
52.22 test was performed on one filter of the test filter
type to determine the minimum efficiency reporting
value (MERV) of the filter. ASHRAE designed the
MERV to represent a filter's minimum performance over multiple particle sizes. In general, a
higher MERV indicates higher filter efficiency. Most commercial filters and high end home
filters are now marketed using the MERV. After determining the MERV, the biological test
using three different bioaerosols and an inert aerosol test on both clean and fully dust-loaded
filters were performed on a second filter. All tests were at an air flow rate of 0.93 m3/sec (1970
cfm) to conform to the conditions described in ASHRAE Standard 52.2.
All testing was performed in a test duct as specified in ASHRAE Standard 52.2. A schematic of
the test duct is shown in Figure 2. The test section of the duct is 0.61 m (24 in.) by 0.61 m (24
in.) square. The locations of the major components, including the sampling probes, device
section (filter holder), and the aerosol generator (site of aerosol injection) are shown.
The inert testing and the ASHRAE Standard 52.2 test were performed using a solid-phase (i.e.,
dry) potassium chloride (KC1) aerosol. The filters were loaded using ASHRAE dust, composed
of 72% Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) fine, 23% powdered carbon, and 5% cotton
linters. The final pressure drop was determined by the Standard's requirements.
WKSKS
»MaSS
Figure 1. Photograph of the Airflow Products
AFP30 Media Filter.
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Room
Air
Blower
Exhaust
to
Room
Outlet Filter Bank
ASME
Nozzle
I.
i 1
^n^f _
Biological
Sampling
Downstream Mixer
X
£
i © ' ^
f f \
Fr5;
&
^
Inlet Filter / Upstream ^
Bank / Mivor i&
|
| Device Backup
i Section Filter
1 Holder
a (Used When
' " ' Dust-loading)
Aerosol Bioloqical
Generator Sampling
6
Flow Control
Valve
Figure 2. Schematic of Test Duct. Filter is placed in device section.
The bioaerosol tests were conducted using three microorganisms, two bacteria and one bacterial
virus. The spore form of the bacteria Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly B. subtilis var niger and
Bacillus globigii or BG) was used as the simulant for gram-positive spore-forming bacteria. The
BG spore is elliptically shaped with dimensions of 0.7 to 0.8 by 1 to 1.5 //m. Serratia
marcescens was used as the surrogate for rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria. S. marcescens is
0.5 to 0.8 by 0.9 to 2.0//m.
The bacterial virus (bacteriophage) MS2 (0.02 to 0.03 //m), having approximately the same
aerosol characteristics as a human virus, was used as a surrogate for the viruses of similar and
larger size and shape. Although the individual virus particles are in the submicrometer size
range, the test particle size planned for the virus tests will span a range of sizes (polydispersed
bioaerosol). This test was not designed to study the removal efficiencies for single individual
virus particles; rather, it was designed to determine the removal efficiencies for virus particles as
they are commonly found indoors. A representative challenge would be a micrometer-sized,
polydispersed aerosol containing the phage because:
The aerosols created from sneezing and coughing vary in size from < 1 to > 20 //m, but the
largest particles settle out and only the smaller sizes remain in the air for extended periods for
potential removal by an air cleaner;
Few viruses have been found associated with particles less than 1 //m; and
Nearly all 1 to 2 //m particles are deposited in the respiratory tract, while larger particles may
not be respired.
Bacteria suspension preparation for the aerosolization process required that the specific test
organism be grown in the laboratory and the suspension prepared for aerosol generation in the
test rig. The microbial challenge suspensions were prepared by inoculating the test organism on
solid or liquid media, incubating the culture until mature, wiping organisms from the surface of
the pure culture (if solid media), and eluting them into sterile diluent to a known concentration.
-------
The bacterial virus challenge was prepared by inoculating a logarithmic phase broth culture of
the host bacteria with phage and allowing it to multiply until the majority of the host bacteria
were lysed. The mixture was centrifuged to remove the majority of the cell fragments. The
resultant supernatant was the phage stock and was used as the challenge aerosol. The
concentration of the phage stock was approximately 1 x 109 or higher plaque forming units per
milliliter, (PFU) /mL.
The challenge organism suspensions were aerosolized using a Collison nebulizer (BGI,
Waltham, MA) at 103.4 kPa (15 psig) air pressure. The nebulizer generates droplets with an
approximate volume mean diameter of 2 //m. The nebulizer output stream was mixed with
clean, dry air to create the dry aerosolized microbial challenge. The particle diameter after the
water evaporates depends on the solids content of the suspension. Particle size was determined
by the size of the suspended organism (if singlets).
Upstream and downstream sampling of the bacteria was accomplished using a one-stage
Andersen viable bioaerosol sampler. The one-stage Andersen sampler is a 400-hole multiple-jet
impactor operating at 28 L/min. The cutoff diameter (dso) is 0.65 //m.- the aerodynamic
diameter above which the collection efficiency of the sampler approaches 100%. After
sampling, the petri dishes were removed from the sampler and incubated at appropriate times and
temperatures for the test organism being used. Colony forming units (CPUs) were then
enumerated and their identity visually confirmed.
The microbial viruses were collected in AGI-30s. The AGI-30 is a high velocity liquid impinger
operating at a flow rate of 12.3 to 12.6 L/min. The dso is approximately 0.3 //m. The AGI-30 is
the sampler against which the other commonly used bioaerosol samplers are often compared.
For the inert aerosol filtration efficiency measurements, the particle sizing measurements were
made with two particle counting instruments: a Climet model 500 spectrometer/optical particle
counter (OPC) covering the particle diameter size range from 0.3 to 10 //m in 12 particle sizing
channels and a TSI scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to cover the range from 0.03 to 0.5
//m. Depending upon the quality of the data from any individual test, the SMPS can sometimes
reliably quantify particles even small than 0.03 //m, and when this is the case, those smaller sizes
are reported here. The ability to quantify sizes smaller than 0.03 //m is determined as defined in
Table A2 of test/QA plan. According to the test/QA plan, a data control parameter for the SMPS
requires that the standard deviation on upstream counts be computed for each efficiency test
based on the upstream particle counts and that the standard deviation be less than 0.30 before the
data is used. The lower size ranges for the SMPS are included in the verification report only if
they meet the data control parameter.
Quality Control (QC) procedures for running the test duct and the measuring equipment are
defined in the test/QA plan.
Replicates of the filters to be tested were obtained directly from the vendor's warehouse by
Intertek ETL SEMKO - an independent organization recommended by the industry - on October
10, 2003 following the NAFA Product Certification Program Procedural Guide3. A minimum
-------
of four replicates of the filter device were procured, and were provided to RTI. The four
replicates were used as shown in Table 1.
Full details of the test method can be found in RTFs test/QA plan1.
Table 1. Numbers of Filters and Expected Utilization
Tests
ASHRAE Standard 52.2 test
Initial efficiency for an inert aerosol
Initial efficiency for three bioaerosols
Dust load to final pressure drop with ASHRAE dust
Efficiency for inert aerosol after dust-loading
Efficiency for three bioaerosols after dust-loading
Reserve filtera
Filter #
1
X
2
X
X
X
X
X
o
X
4
X
"Filters # 3 and # 4 have been kept in reserve to be used if needed.
4.0 Test Results
The bioaerosol filtration efficiency results are found in Table 2.
Table 2. Bioaerosol Filtration Results for Filter # 2
Filter
Condition
Clean
Dust-loaded
Pressure
Drop
Pa (in. H2O)
62 (0.25)
247(1.00)
Filtration
Efficiency for
Removal of
B. atrophaeus, %
25
83
Filtration
Efficiency for
Removal of
S. marcescens, %
45
88
Filtration
Efficiency for
Removal of
MS2 phage, %
40
91
The ASHRAE filtration efficiencies and the MERV are shown in Table 3. The filtration
efficiencies (average of the minimum composite efficiency) are presented by particle size
groupings: El, 0.3 to 1.0 //m; E2, 1.0 to 3.0 //m; and E3, 3.0 //m to 10 //m. The full ASHRAE
52.2 test results are provided in the Appendix.
The filtration efficiency for inert particles is plotted so that the efficiencies for particles from
about 0.03 to 10 //m can be observed (Figure 3). Note that this is a logarithmic (base 10) scale
on the X axis. Two instruments were used to obtain the measurements. The SMPS was used to
measure particles up to 0.5 //m and the OPC was used for particles from 0.3 to 10 //m. There is
good agreement in the size range covered by both instruments. These measurements were made
on a filter when clean and then when dust-loaded.
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Table 3. Summary of Removal Efficiency Using ASHRAE 52.2 Test for Filter # 1
Filter
Airflow Products, AFP30
El
0.3 to 1.0 //m,
7
E2
1.0to3.0//m,
40
E3
3.0 to 10 //m,
58
MERV
7 at 0.93m3/sec
(1970 cfm)
0
'o
it
LU
100
80
60
40
20
.
\
nn
*'
n
t
^
L
c
zu,-,
A
n
t
A
A
A
A
1
A
A
H
A
a
m
SMPS: clean
OPC: clean
A
A
OPC: dust loaded
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
Particle Diameter (|jm)
Figure 3. Summary of the Inert Aerosol Filtration Efficiency Data for the Clean
and Dust-Loaded Filter, # 2.
The quality assurance officer has reviewed the test results and the quality control data and has
concluded that the data quality objectives (DQOs) (Table 4) given in the approved test/QA plan
have been attained.
-------
Table 4. DQOs for Precision of Filtration Efficiency Measurements for Culturable Bioaerosol
Data quality objective
Precision of filtration
efficiency, %
Test organism
Spore-forming bacteria
(B. atrophaeus)
±8a
Vegetative bacteria
(S. marcescem)
±lla
Bacterial virus
(MS2 phage)
±13a
a Based on ± one standard deviation of penetration computed from the coefficient of variance
upstream and downstream culturable counts.
5.0 Limitations and Applications
This verification report addresses two performance measures of media air filters: filtration
efficiency and pressure drop. Users may wish to consider other performance parameters such as
service life and cost when selecting a general ventilation air filter for their application.
In accordance with the test/QA plan1, this verification statement is valid for 3 years following the
last signature added on the verification statement.
6.0 References
1. RTI. 2003. Test/QA Plan for Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters. Research
Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC.
2. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning
Devices, American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
3. NAF A (National Air Filtration Association). 2001. Product Certification Program
Procedural Guide Approved Version 1, Second Revision, February 2001. Virginia Beach,
VA.
-------
Appendix: ASHRAE 52.2 Test Report
For Airflow Products AFP30
ASHRAE 52.2 TEST REPORT
Manufacturer: Airflow Products
Product Name: AFP30
ETV ID Number: AIR1-A
RTI Report No. AY11050301
Test Laboratory:
RTI
919-541-6941
7
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Page 1 of 3
ASHRAE Std. 52.2 Air Cleaner Performance Report Summary
This report applies to the tested device only.
Laboratory Data
RTI Report No.
Test Laboratory
Operator
Particle Counter(s):
Device Manufacturer's Data
Manufacturer
Product Name
Product Model
Test requested by
Sample obtained from
Catalog rating:
Specified test conditions:
Device Description
Nominal Dimensions (in.):
Generic name
Amount and type of adhesive
Other attributes
Test Conditions
Airflow (cfm)
Face Velocity (fpm)
Test aerosol type:
Remarks
Resistance Test Results
Initial resistance (in. wg)
AY11050301
Date
05-Nov-OS
Research Triangle Institute
Link
Brand
Climet
_Supervisor Owen/Hanley
Model 500
Airflow Products
AFP30
AFP 30
EPA / ETV
NAFA
Airflow rate
Airflow (cfm)
Face Velocity (fpm)
24 x 24 x 2
NA
1970
Initial dP (in. wg)
Final dP (in. wg)
NA
1.00
493
(height x width x depth)
pleated panel
Media color blue
NA
28 pleats
1970
Temperature (F)
74
493
Final Pressure Drop (in. wg)
RH (%)
1.00
50
KCI
0.24
Final resistance (in. wg)
1.00
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Data
Composite average efficiencies E1 7
Air cleaner average Arrestance per Std 52.1:
Minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) for the device:
E2 40
E3 58
NA
7 @ 1970 cfm
8
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Report No. AY11050301
Research Triangle Institute
Initial Efficiency
After 1st loading
After 2nd loading
After 3rd loading
After 4th loading
After 5th loading
0.1 1 10
Particle Diameter (micrometers)
Minimum Composite Curve
0.1 1 10
Particle Diameter (micrometers)
Resistance to Airflow
for clean filter
0
CN
*&
to
x
^
/
/
/
/
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Air Flow (CFM)
Figure A-1. Filtration Efficiency and Flow Resistance Curves for
Airflow Products AFP30 Filter.
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TABULATED DATA SUMMARY
Report No. AY11050301
Research Triangle Institute
Summary of Test Conditions:
Product Manufacturer
Product Name
Nominal Dimensions (in.)
Airflow (cfm)
Final Resistance (in. H2O)
Airflow Products
AFP30
24 x 24 x 2
1970
1.00
Efficiency (%) per Indicated Size Range
OPC Channel Number
Min. Diam. (urn)
Max. Diam. (urn)
Geo. Mean Diam (urn)
Initial efficiency
after first dust load
after second dust load
after third dust load
after fourth dust load
after fifth dust load
Minimum Composite Efficiency (%)
1234
0.3 0.4 0.55 0.7
0.4 0.55 0.7 1
0.35 0.47 0.62 0.84
5
1
1.3
1.14
6
1.3
1.6
1.44
7
1.6
2.2
1.88
8
2.2
3
2.57
9
3
4
3.46
10
4
5.5
4.69
11
5.5
7
6.20
12
7
10
8.37
Run No.
AY1 1050302
AY1 1060301
AY1 1060302
AY1 1060303
AY1 1060304
AY1 1070301
3
10
21
25
31
32
4
8
22
29
39
48
7
17
34
46
55
65
15
31
49
65
73
81
27
51
70
81
87
91
36
62
82
88
92
95
46
76
89
94
97
97
51
82
93
96
97
98
55
86
96
97
98
98
59
91
97
98
98
100
59
96
99
100
99
100
61
97
99
100
99
100
7
15
27
36
46
51
55
59
59
61
E1 =
E2 =
E3 =
MERV
7 (E1 is the average of the minimum composite efficiency values for particle diameters from 0.3 to 1 urn.)
40 (E2 is the average of the minimum composite efficiency values for particle diameters from 1 to 3 urn.)
58 (E3 is the average of the minimum composite efficiency values for particle diameters from 3 to 10 urn.)
Resistance to Airflow for Clean Filter:
Airflow
50
75
100
125
Airflow
(m3/s)
0.465
0.697
0.930
1.162
Airflow
(cfm)
985
1478
1970
2463
Air Velocity Air Velocity
(fpm) (m/s)
246
369
493
616
1.251
1.876
2.502
3.127
Resistance
(in. H2O)
0.08
0.15
0.24
0.34
Resistance
(Pa)
20
37
58
85
Resistance to Airflow with Loading at 0.93 m3/s (1970 cfm)
Initial
After first dust load
After second dust load
After third dust load
After fourth dust load
After fifth dust load
Resistance
(in. H2O)
0.24
0.28
0.43
0.62
0.81
1.00
Resistance
(Pa)
58
68
106
154
201
249
Weight Gain of filter after completion of dust loading steps
82.5 g
10
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