EPA/600/R-00/030
May 2000
Analysis of Aged In-Home Carpeting to
Determine the Distribution of
Pesticide Residues between Dust,
Carpet, and Pad Compartments
by
Christopher R. Fortune, Fredrick!. Blanchard, and William D. Ellenson
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Contract 68-D5-0049
Work Assignment Manager
Robert G. Lewis
Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division
National Exposure Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
National Exposure Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Notice
The work reported in this document was performed for the Exposure Methods and Monitoring
Branch, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, during the period July 1997 to April 1999 under Work Assignments 47 and 76 of Contract 68-D5-
0049 by ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., and by Southwest Research Institute under Subcontract
96-0049-01 to ManTech. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use.
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Foreword
The National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, conducts
intramural research in the chemical, physical, and biological sciences. This research is intended to
characterize and quantify ambient air pollutant levels and the resulting exposures of humans and
ecosystems; to develop and validate models to predict changes in air pollution levels; to determine
source-receptor relationships affecting ambient air quality and pollutant exposures; and to solve problems
relating to EPA's mission through long-term investigation in the areas of atmospheric methods, quality
assurance, biomarkers, spatial statistics, exposure assessment, and modeling. The laboratory provides
supportto Program and Regional offices and state and local groups in the form of technical advice, methods
research and development, quality assurance, field monitoring, instrument development, and modeling for
quantitative risk assessment and regulation. The laboratory also collects, organizes, manages, and
distributes data on air quality, human and ecosystem exposures and trends for the Program and Regional
offices, the Office of Research and Development, the scientific community, and the public.
The information in this report was obtained by using existing methods, as well as methods that were
developed forthis study, to determine the nature and distribution of pesticide residues in aged carpets in the
residential environment. This information is needed to further the understanding of the bioavailability of
pesticide residues in the home and thereby permit better assessments of the potential for human exposures.
Gary J. Foley
Director
National Exposure Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
in
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Abstract
A total of eight volunteer test homes located in the area surrounding Research Triangle Park, NC,
were selected for sampling of their used carpets to further our understanding of the nature and distribution
of pesticide residues within the home environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is interested
in the potential bioavailability of such residues, particularly with respect to the risk of exposure for infants
and toddlers. The test homes were selected on the basis of the homeowners' responses to a survey
regarding the past history of pesticide use in the home, the age and location of the carpets, the presence of
pets in the home, the use of professional exterminators, and other such factors. Participants in the study
were paid a small stipend following completion of the testing.
One sample of dust from each home was analyzed for screening purposes, and those results were
used to select six homes for complete sample analysis from the eight that were tested. Each home was
tested according to sampling procedures that were identical to those used in every other home in the study.
In each home a first sample was collected from a 1-m2 area of carpet as near as possible to the main
entrance to the home from outside. A second sample was collected from a carpeted area, also 1 m2, within
the interior living area of the home, such as in the center of the living room or family room. Each sample
collected consisted of seven separate sample fractions that were later analyzed for pesticide residues: (1)
surface-dislodgeable residues, (2) vacuum-dislodgeable residues, (3) deeply embedded dust residues, (4)
carpet fiber residues, (5) carpet binder residues, (6) carpet padding residues, and (7) residues contained in
the dust found beneath the carpet padding on the subfloor.
The samples were analyzed by use of established laboratory procedures involving Soxh let extraction
followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the extracts fora target list of 39
neutral pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In
addition, samples from two of the homes were analyzed to determine acid herbicides and phenols. The
results of the sampling and analysis varied widely, both in terms of the amount of dust collected by the
various sampling methods employed and in the variety and concentration of the pesticide residues found.
The most ubiquitous neutral pesticides found were cis- and frans-permethrin. In one case the total
contribution from all seven sample fractions from a 1-m2 area of carpet sampled was more than 1 gram of
frans-permethrin. It was also not uncommon to find two to five different pesticides in each carpet test area
that were in the 10-100-mg/m2 concentration range. The only two acidic pesticides found in moderate
concentrations were 2,4-D and pentachlorophenol.
In terms of the relative distribution of pesticide residues among the seven different types of samples
analyzed, it was shown that the predominant reservoir for these residues is in the carpet fibers and binder
and, to a lesser degree, in the carpet padding. Relatively little, if any, residues were found on the surface
as measured with the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) polyurethane foam (PDF) roller apparatus. The
data show some differences between the two samples from different locations within the home that appear
to be target compound specific, but in general the levels are higher for the sample taken near the main
entrance to the home. As with other work relating to the distribution of pesticide residues in household dust
as a function of particle size, the data from this study confirm the finding that pesticide concentrations
increase as the particle size of the dust decreases.
IV
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Contents
Section Page
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Figures vii
Tables viii
Acknowledgment x
1 Introduction 1
2 Conclusions 3
3 Experimental Methods 5
3.1 Recruitment of Study Volunteers 5
3.2 Test Procedures 5
3.2.1 Surface-Dislodgeable Residues 6
3.2.2 Vacuum-Dislodgeable Residues 7
3.2.3 Deeply Embedded Dust Residues 7
3.2.4 Subfloor Dust Residues 8
3.2.5 Carpet Fiber Residues 9
3.2.6 Carpet Binder Residues 9
3.2.7 Carpet Padding Residues 9
3.3 Additional Carpet Sample Collection 10
3.4 Test Sample Handling and Analysis 10
3.4.1 Sample Handling 11
3.4.2 Sample Screening Procedures 11
3.4.3 Sample Extraction for Neutral Pesticides 12
3.4.4 GC/MS Analysis of Neutral Pesticides 12
3.4.5 Sample Extraction for Acid Herbicides and Pentachlorophenol 12
3.4.6 GC/MS Analysis of Acid Herbicides and Pentachlorophenol 14
4 Results and Discussion 15
4.1 Gravimetric Analysis of Carpet Residue Sample Fractions 15
4.2 Results of Neutral Pesticide Analyses for HVS3 Screening Samples 17
4.3 Analysis Results for Neutral Pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs in
Residential Carpets 19
4.3.1 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 1 19
4.3.2 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 2 31
4.3.3 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 3 33
4.3.4 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 4 44
4.3.5 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 5 54
4.3.6 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 6 65
4.3.7 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 7 67
4.3.8 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 8 78
4.4 Analysis of Residual Dust in Emptied Vacuum Cleaner Bags 89
4.5 Results of Acidic Pesticide Analyses for Deeply Embedded Dust
Screening Samples 93
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4.6 Analysis Results for Acidic Pesticides and Phenols in Residential
Carpets 94
4.6.1 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for
Test Home 4 95
4.6.2 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for
Test Home 8 100
4.7 Ambient Temperature and % Relative Humidity Data Records from
Tests Performed 105
4.8 Homeowner-Reported Residential Pesticide Application History 106
5 References 107
Appendix 108
Flyer
Study Information Sheet
Questionnaire Form
Three-Page Data Sheet for Test Samples
VI
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Figures
1 Representation of floor plan for test home 1 21
2 Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 1 25
3 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 1,
sample A 29
4 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 1,
sample B 30
5 Representation of floor plan for test home 2 32
6 Representation of floor plan for test home 3 34
7 Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 3 38
8 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 3,
sample A 42
9 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 3,
sample B 43
10 Representation of floor plan for test home 4 45
11 Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 4 48
12 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4,
sample A 52
13 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4,
sample B 53
14 Representation of floor plan for test home 5 55
15 Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 5 59
16 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 5,
sample A 63
17 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 5,
sample B 64
18 Representation of floor plan for test home 6 66
19 Representation of floor plan for test home 7 68
20 Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 7 72
21 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 7,
sample A 76
22 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 7,
sample B 77
23 Representation of floor plan for test home 8 79
24 Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 8 83
25 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8,
sample A 87
26 Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8,
sample B 88
27 Total acidic residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 4 97
28 Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4,
sample A 99
29 Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4,
sample B 99
30 Total acidic residue concentrations for samples A and B for
test home 8 102
31 Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8, sample A 104
32 Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8, sample B 104
VII
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Tables
1 Gravimetric Analysis of Sample Fractions from In-Home Carpet Tests 16
2 Mass Data for HVS3 Screening Samples Before and After Sieving 17
3 Vacuum-Dislodgeable Dust Screening Sample Analysis Results 18
4 Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target
Analytes—Home 1 22
5 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 1, Sample A 23
6 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 1, Sample B 24
7 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 1, Sample A 27
8 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 1, Sample B 28
9 Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target
Analytes—Home 3 35
10 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 3, Sample A 36
11 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 3, Sample B 37
12 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 3, Sample A 40
13 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 3, Sample B 41
14 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 4, Sample A 46
15 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 4, Sample B 47
16 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 4, Sample A 50
17 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 4, Sample B 51
18 Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target
Analytes—Home 5 56
19 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 5, Sample A 57
20 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 5, Sample B 58
21 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 5, Sample A 61
22 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 5, Sample B 62
23 Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target
Analytes—Home 7 69
24 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 7, Sample A 70
25 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 7, Sample B 71
VIM
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26 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 7, Sample A 74
27 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 7, Sample B 75
28 Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target
Analytes—Home 8 80
29 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 8, Sample A 81
30 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for
Home 8, Sample B 82
31 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 8, Sample A 85
32 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for
Home 8, Sample B 86
33 Gravimetric Analysis Results for Deeply Embedded Dust Collected in
Vacuum Bags 90
34 Emptied Vacuum Bag Analysis Results—Residual Deep Dust
Sample Concentrations 91
35 Comparison of Vacuum Bag Residual Dust Concentrations to
Bulk Deep Dust Levels 92
36 Deeply Embedded Dust Screening Sample Results for Acid Herbicides
and Phenols 93
37 Solvent Blank and Matrix Spike Sample Results for Acid Herbicides and
Phenols 94
38 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 4,
Sample A 96
39 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 4,
Sample B 96
40 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 4,
Sample A 98
41 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 4,
Sample B 98
42 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 8,
Sample A 101
43 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 8,
Sample B 101
44 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 8,
Sample A 103
45 In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 8,
Sample B 103
46 Indoor and Outdoor Atmospheric Conditions During Test Home
Sampling Periods 105
47 Summary History of Pesticide Use in Test Homes as Reported by Owners 106
IX
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Acknowledgment
The authors thank David Camann and his staff at Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX,
for their technical assistance and for conducting the preparation, extraction, and analysis of all samples
collected for this project.
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Section 1
Introduction
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is concerned about the exposure of
humans to pesticide residues contained in carpets used in residential environments.
Studies have been conducted to evaluate a variety of available methods for sampling
surface-dislodgeable residues, which are those that are most readily available for transfer
to human skin. These surface residues are thereby available for ingestion by infants and
toddlers through mouthing activities involving theirfingers, hands, feet, and toys. In a nine-
home pilot study (Lewis etal., 1994) designed to evaluate monitoring methods in the field
that may be used to assess the potential exposures of children aged 6 months to 5 years
to pesticides found in the home environment, a variety of new and existing methods were
used to measure pesticide residues in indoor air, carpet dust, and outdoor soil, and on the
hands of children. The results of that study indicated that the greatest number of pesticides
and highest concentrations were found in carpet dust. In the five years since those results
were reported, additional laboratory and field studies have been conducted to further
evaluate and refine the techniques available to perform these measurements (Camann et
al., 1996; Fortune, 1997). These studies and others have resulted in the development of
a variety of standard test procedures that have been adopted by the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) relating to the collection and measurement of pesticide
residues.
Since household carpets potentially represent the single largest reservoir of
pesticide residues available for human exposure, a complete analysis of in-home used
carpet was deemed essential in order to more accurately determine the transport and fate
of pesticides used within and around the home. The emphasis in this study, therefore, was
placed on determining the distribution of a variety of pesticide, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and herbicide residues in residential
carpeting throughout the various zones of the floor coverings from the surface down to the
dust below the carpet padding. In sampling the used residential carpets from eight homes
located in the Research Triangle Park, NC, area, seven different sample fractions were
collected in a top-to-bottom manner. The samples include the surface-dislodgeable
residues, vacuum-dislodgeable residues, deeply embedded dust residues, carpet fiber
residues, carpet binder residues, carpet padding residues, and, finally, the residues
contained in dust found beneath the carpet padding on the subfloor.
Participants who volunteered for the study and were subsequently selected to have
their homes tested were paid a small stipend fortheir cooperation. Homeowners completed
a detailed questionnaire that was designed to obtain critical information concerning the
age and history of their carpets, particularly with respect to the use of pesticides in and
around the home. Sections of the carpets in two different locations within the home were
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tested, one located as near as possible to the primary entrance into the home and a
second located in an interior living area. Some of the sampling was conducted on-site,
while other tests were performed following removal of the carpet and padding and
transport to the ManTech laboratory. All samples were weighed, inventoried, packaged,
and shipped to Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio, TX, for analysis. For
each test home, a sample of the vacuum-dislodgeable dust from the interior location
sample was designated for screening analysis to determine the approximate level of
neutral pesticide residues present. Using this information, six of the eight homes tested
were selected to have a complete sample analysis performed on all of the test samples
collected from those homes. In a similar manner, a sample of the deeply embedded dust
collected from the carpet section located nearest the outside entrance to the homes was
designated for screening analysis to determine the approximate levels of acid herbicides
and phenols present in the dust. Based on those results, two of the test homes were
selected to have all of the collected sample fractions analyzed for acidic pesticide
residues.
In addition to the work involving the sampling and analysis of the test samples for
both neutral and acidic pesticide residues, a significant amount of methods development
activity was conducted as a result of this study. Tests were conducted to confirm the
hypothesis that fine-particle-size dust trapped in the fibers of paper vacuum cleaner bags
constitutes a large percentage of the pesticide burden attributed to a sample fraction. In
a recent study that involved analysis of a size-fractionated bulk sample of residential
carpet dust, the concentrations of nearly all target analytes increased dramatically in the
two smallest size fractions tested, i.e., 4-25 um and < 4 um in diameter (Lewis et al.,
1999). A considerable effort was also expended by the analytical laboratory, SwRI, to
successfully develop improved techniques for the extraction, derivatization, and analysis
of acid herbicides and phenols in house dust.
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Section 2
Conclusions
1. A variety of techniques were employed to successfully recruit potential volunteers to
participate in this study of in-home used carpets. Eight test candidates were selected
from a pool of 30 respondents. The two most successful recruiting techniques
employed were newspaper advertisements and word-of-mouth discussions with friends
and colleagues.
2. Three existing sampling methods were used to collect the surface-dislodgeable
residues (polyurethane foam [PUF] roller), the vacuum-dislodgeable residues (high-
volume small surface sampler [HVS3] sampler), and the deeply embedded dust
residues (Hoover Dirtfinder vacuum cleaner). New techniques were successfully
developed for this study to permit representative sampling of carpet fibers, binder and
padding, and also the subfloor dust samples.
3. Laboratory methods used in previous studies to extract and analyze neutral pesticide
residues in environmental samples were successfully adapted for use in analyzing the
seven different sample types collected during this study. Problems with laboratory
methods for analyzing acid herbicides and phenols, however, required substantial
methods development in this area. But after some delay, sample screening and
analysis of selected carpet samples for the acidic compound target list was completed.
4. Screening analysis of a vacuum-dislodgeable dust sample from each home served its
intended purpose well, that is, to aid in selection of the six most viable candidate test
homes of the eight homes sampled. Since these samples were sieved to separate
particles greater than 150 urn in diameter, both coarse and fine particle size fractions
were analyzed, and the resulting data provided further evidence that pesticide residue
concentrations increase markedly as the particle size of the dust decreases.
5. The six homes selected for complete sample characterization of neutral pesticides
provided a wide range of carpet dust loadings and a corresponding variety in the
nature and concentration of residues detected in the different sample zones that were
tested. Dust loadings from samples in homes 4 and 8 were atypically high, and home
1 yielded the highest single pesticide concentration (1.05 g/m2 of frans-permethrin). All
six homes displayed a general trend, as expected, toward higher dust loadings in the
area sampled nearest the primary entrance into the home.
6. With few exceptions, the bulk of the pesticide residues, for both neutral and acidic
target analytes detected in these samples, were distributed primarily in the carpet
fibers, binder, and padding.
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7. Recovery and weighing of the deeply embedded dust samples from the paper vacuum
bags used in the Hoover Dirtfinder vacuum cleaner revealed that a substantial portion
of fine-size dust was not recovered for analysis. Extraction and analysis of selected
"empty" bag samples showed that from 60% to 85% of the total sample concentration
for the most abundant target analytes was represented by the residual fine dust
contained in the paper fibers of the vacuum bags. These data, again, point to the
significance of particle size relative to pesticide residue concentrations.
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Section 3
Experimental Methods
3.1 Recruitment of Study Volunteers
A target number of eight test homes was set as a goal for meeting the study
requirement of a minimum of six homes that would yield carpet residue samples containing
pesticide residues of sufficient variety and concentration to provide meaningful data for
inclusion in this study. Initial volunteer recruitment efforts were directed toward the
placement of printed flyers in conspicuous locations within EPA facilities and in two local
retail carpet sales outlets. The flyers briefly described the purpose of the study,
summarized the sampling procedures to be performed (including the fact that the carpets
and padding would be removed for testing), and stated the requirement for documenting
in-home and outside use of pesticides. A $100 "reward" was offered as an incentive for all
volunteers selected to participate in the study. Conflict of interest arguments led to
exclusion of both EPA and ManTech employees as participants.
The response to these efforts at volunteer recruitment was minimal; we therefore
placed short, inexpensive advertisements to run one time in each of two local, weekly
specialty newspapers. The response to these ads was immediate and substantial.
Throughout the recruitment process, approximately 30 inquiries were received from
interested parties. Of these, 25 individuals requested the more detailed information sheet
and two-page questionnaire forms that we prepared for mailing to potential volunteers.
Eighteen of those individuals completed the questionnaire and returned it for our use in
screening volunteers for participation in the study. No inquiries were received as a result
of the flyers that were posted in the retail carpet sales outlets. Of the eight study
participants that were eventually selected, two were respondents to the flyers posted in
EPA facilities, three were friends and neighbors who learned of the study byword of mouth
from ManTech employees, and three were respondents to the newspaper ads. Copies of
the flyer, information sheet, and questionnaire have been included in the appendix to this
report.
3.2 Test Procedures
As a preliminary procedure at the test home, a rough sketch was drawn of the
outside drive and walkways leading to the main entrance of the home, including porches,
with the actual dimensions measured and noted on the sketch. The dimensions of the
interior areas of the home that were used for sample collection were also taken and noted
on the sketch of the home's floor plan. The actual areas of the floor where the test samples
were collected were also noted on the sketch and labeled with the A and B designations.
To provide additional documentation on the location of the sampled areas with respect to
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the layout of the home, a series of color slide film pictures were taken from both within and
outside the home by using a 35-mm camera. Documentation of the actual test sample
collection procedures was provided by operating an 8-mm Camcorder mounted on a tripod
during most of the sampling activities that were performed in each home.
To document all of the ancillary data associated with conducting each of the carpet
section sampling protocols, a three-page data sheet was prepared specifically for use with
this study. (A copy is included in the appendix.) The sheets were broken down into seven
separate sections, one for each of the seven sample fractions that were collected from
each 1-m2 sample area. Data fields were available for filling in the results of carpet
moisture level checks, sample identification numbers, indoor and outdoortemperature and
relative humidity readings at various times throughout the day, tare weights, final weights,
and net weights of sample fractions, instrument operating conditions and settings, and
notes and observations including descriptions of the general weather conditions at the time
of the test.
In each test that was performed, a 1 -m2 section of carpet was marked off for sample
collection. Seven different sample fractions were collected from each test section, and two
test sections were sampled at each volunteer home. In a top-down approach, the following
samples were collected: surface-dislodgeable residues, vacuum-dislodgeable residues,
deeply embedded dust residues, carpet fiber residues, carpet binder residues, carpet
padding residues, and subfloor dust residues. The procedures used to collect each of
these seven sample fractions are described below.
3.2.1 Surface-Dislodgeable Residues
Homeowners were asked to refrain from normal cleaning and vacuuming activities
of the carpet test areas for several weeks prior to the testing that was conducted. After the
1 -m2 test area was marked off, a Delmhorst Instrument Co. Model BD-2000 electronic test
meter with 4-in. metal probes was used to test the carpet surface for moisture content.
Nine separate readings were taken within the 1-m2 test area, and if the area was dry (i.e.,
no moisture readings greater than 10% on the 0-100 range), the wooden template for use
with the SwRI PUF roller method was then placed in position in the center of the test area.
Following an established protocol, ASTM Standard Practice D 6333 (ASTM1999a), afresh
PUF ring was placed on the PUF roller, and a sample was collected by making two passes,
one forward and one reverse, over a 1 -m distance on the carpet surface. Upon completion
of the sampling, the PUF ring was removed from the sampler and placed back into its tin
container. The lid of the container was then sealed with Teflon tape, and the sample was
stored for later shipment.
Before beginning the collection of the remaining samples from the test carpet, a
large area (about 1.2 by 1.8 m) was marked off around the 1 -m2 test section such that an
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approximately 4-in. border of carpet surrounded the marked test area on three sides and
an approximately 28-in. border was left on the fourth side. A small hole was cut into each
of the four corners of the marked 1-m2 test area, and a black marking pen was used to
mark the location of the corners on the carpet padding below. The large 1.2- by 1.8-m
carpet section was then cut with a carpet knife, and the entire section of carpet was
removed from its location on the floor and placed on plastic sheeting in a different area of
the floor that had previously been cleared to allow continuation of the sample collection.
This procedure was employed so that the sequential sampling operations using motorized
vacuum cleaners would not disturb the dust residues contained in the carpet padding and
on the subfloor below the padding in the original sample location.
3.2.2 Vacuum-Dislodgeable Residues
The HVS3 was used to collect the vacuum-dislodgeable residues. An established
protocol, ASTM Standard Practice D 5438 (ASTM1999b) was followed in performing these
tests. Prior to starting the test, the sampler components were disassembled, cleaned, and
then reassembled. The sampler was then positioned in a location outside the test area on
the carpet, the unit was turned on, and the flow rate and pressure-drop meters were
adjusted to the proper settings for the type of carpet being tested. In all tests performed
during this study, plush-style carpets were tested, and the standard settings used were
8 in. of water for the flow and 9 in. of water for the pressure drop. After adjustment of these
settings, the sample container was removed from the cyclone, and a preweighed, clean
Teflon sample bottle was installed on the unit. A clean manilla envelope was then used to
block off the vacuum cleaner's nozzle, and a leak check of the unit was performed by
starting the motor and monitoring the flow meter. A zero reading of the meter indicated a
good leak test. After all preliminary adjustments and checks were completed, the sampling
operation was initiated. This was performed by starting the unit and completing eight
passes (four forward and four reverse) over each of nine strips (about 4 in. wide each) until
the entire 1-m2 test area was sampled. After completion of the sampling operation, the
sample bottle was removed from the sampler and tightly capped for storage. Upon return
to the laboratory, the net weight of the dust sample collected was then determined by
reweighing the sample bottle. The bottle was properly labeled, and the cap was sealed
with Teflon tape prior to shipping for analysis.
3.2.3 Deeply Embedded Dust Residues
Immediately following the collection of the vacuum-dislodgeable dust from the 1 -m2
test area, the deeply embedded dust was collected by using a Hoover Dirtfinder vacuum
cleaner. This vacuum cleaner incorporates a mechanical beater bar, a specially designed
paper collection bag, and an electronic sensor designed to detect the presence of dirt
particles in the suction zone during operation. When dust particles are detected in the
sample stream, a red indicator light comes on and remains on until no particles are
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detected, at which point a green indicator light comes on. This feature gives the user some
measure of the cleanliness of different areas of the carpet being vacuumed. For these
tests, each 1 -m2 test area was vacuumed by using a cleaned unit with a new, preweighed
vacuum cleaner bag attached. The 1 -m width of the test area incorporated four test strips
as determined by the width of the vacuum cleaner's nozzle area. A total of 128 passes
were made over the carpet surface with the vacuum cleaner, making 10 passes over one
strip of carpet and moving left to right and back again multiple times over each strip before
moving to the adjacent strip. The status of the sensor indicator lights was noted on the
sample data sheet, including whether the red light was on at the start of a pass, and if so,
how long the light stayed on. At the conclusion of sample collection, the vacuum bag was
carefully removed from the vacuum cleaner, folded in half, and placed in a labeled Ziploc
bag for storage. Upon return to the laboratory, the sample bag was reweighed to determine
the amount of deeply embedded dust collected in the sample. The sample was then
shipped to the analytical laboratory in the sealed Ziploc bag.
After the carpet was sampled for deeply embedded dust, a straightedge was used
to mark out the 1-m2 test area on the carpet padding. The previously marked corners of
the test area were used for this purpose. By using a pair of ordinary scissors, the carpet
padding sample was cut out and carefully removed from the sample area. The carpet
padding sample was then placed on the plastic sheeting used during the carpet vacuuming
sequences, and the carpet sample itself was then placed on top of the padding in the
proper orientation with respect to its original location on the floor of the home. The carpet
and carpet padding samples were then rolled up inside the plastic sheeting with both ends
of the roll and the seam secured with tape. The carpet roll was then marked with the
sample designation and was stored in the vehicle for transport back to the laboratory for
further sample processing.
3.2.4 Subfloor Dust Residues
After the carpet padding sample was cut out and rolled up with the carpet sample
for storage, any dust found on the exposed 1-m2 area of flooring below the padding was
collected for analysis. A clean, dry, 2-in.-wide camel's hair brush was used to gently sweep
the subfloor dust into one or several small piles, depending on the distribution of the dust.
A preweighed, hexane-washed, 18- by 18-in. square of heavy-duty aluminum foil was
placed on a clean area of the floor next to the dust sample, and a clean, 3-in.-wide metal
spatula was used to transfer the dust to the foil. The camel's hair brush and the metal
spatula were used as a broom and dustpan to accomplish this task. After all of the dust
sample was transferred to the aluminum foil, the foil was carefully folded several times in
order to seal the sample properly. The foil was then placed into a labeled glass sample jar
for storage.
8
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After both sets of test samples were collected at the volunteer participant's home,
the two rolled-up carpet and padding sections were returned to the mobile laboratory
located in the EPA Environmental Research Center Annex parking lot, where additional
sample processing was performed to collect the remaining three sample fractions.
3.2.5 Carpet Fiber Residues
The test section of carpet and padding was unrolled and laid out flat on the
laboratory floor, in a manner that maintained the proper orientation of the carpet padding
to the carpet and kept both on top of the plastic sheeting used to contain the sample. With
a special steel cutting tool, five 3-in.-diameter plugs were cut out of the 1-m2 test area of
the carpet. The cutting tool used consists of a sharpened, circular, stainless-steel, tapered
cutting edge with a 3-in. diameter that is attached to a 36-in. steel pipe fitted at the top with
a detachable T-bar handle. With the handle removed, the tool can be placed in a lathe for
resharpening as required. The plugs were removed in a set pattern from each test sample
by taking one plug from the exact center of the square test area and four plugs equidistant
from the center and corners of the square along the diagonals. The five test plugs of the
carpet sample were placed on an 18- by 18-in. square of hexane-washed, preweighed,
heavy-duty aluminum foil on the laboratory bench. Using stainless-steel surgical scissors
the carpet fibers were trimmed away from the carpet binder and were collected in a pile
on the aluminum foil. After all five plugs were treated, the sample fibers were folded up
inside the treated foil, and the sample was placed in a labeled glass sample jar.
3.2.6 Carpet Binder Residues
After the carpet fibers were removed from each of the 3-in.-diameter plugs of the
carpet sample, the remaining carpet binder samples, five in total, were placed in a labeled
glass sample jar.
3.2.7 Carpet Padding Residues
With the five 3-in.-diameter plugs of carpet having been removed from the 1 -m2 test
area of the carpet sample, care was taken to properly orient the 1-m2 carpet padding
sample under the carpet in the exact position in which it was located before its removal
from the test home. Using the same steel cutting tool, the holes where the carpet sample
test plugs were removed were used as guides to cut 3-in.-diameter plugs from the carpet
padding sample. The five test plugs of the carpet padding sample were then placed in a
labeled glass sample jar.
This action completed the procedure for sample collection, and the carpet and
carpet padding sample were then rolled back up inside the plastic sheeting, which was
-------
then sealed with tape as before. The rolled-up carpet sample was then moved to a
separate area for storage.
3.3 Additional Carpet Sample Collection
During the early phases of recruiting volunteers to participate in this study,
discussions with Mr. David Camann of SwRI resulted in a decision to attempt to acquire
additional sections of used carpets from two of the homes selected for testing. These
additional carpet samples could then be used in tests involving the application of various
methods for sampling the transfer of pesticide residues to human skin from direct contact
with the carpet surface. By using samples of used carpet from areas adjacent to those that
were sampled in this study, the researchers would have the advantage of using actual test
surfaces that have been thoroughly characterized as to the pesticide concentrations
present, as well as their relative distribution within the various zones of the carpet
components. Consequently, two additional samples of the carpet only were collected from
test homes 3 and 8 for this purpose. Each of these homeowners was paid an additional
stipend of $100 by SwRI. These additional carpet samples were rolled up separately in
heavy-duty polyethylene sheeting and sealed with tape. The two separate rolls were then
combined and rolled up together in additional layers of polyethylene sheeting, after which
the entire package was sealed thoroughly with heavy-duty tape. These samples were
shipped at the same time that the test samples from the homes were shipped, with all
shipments made through FedEx priority overnight service.
3.4 Test Sample Handling and Analysis
Before conducting each sampling test, the capped and numbered 250-mL Teflon
sample bottles for use with the HVS3 sampler were weighed on an analytical balance. The
numbered paper vacuum sample bags used with the Hoover Dirtfinder vacuum cleaner and
the hexane-washed, 18- by 18-in. squares of heavy-duty aluminum foil used to contain the
carpet fibers and the subfloor dust samples were preweighed with an electronic pan
balance. After all test samples were collected from both the A and B carpet samples, the
net weight of each sample fraction was determined by reweighing each sample and
subtracting the tare weight of the bottle, vacuum bag, or aluminum foil used to contain the
sample. The carpet binder and carpet padding samples (five 3-in.-diameter plugs of each)
were weighed directly on the pan balance. The PUF roller sample matrix did not require
weighing.
When the sample weighing procedures were completed, the samples were secured
for shipment to the analytical laboratory by replacing them in their containers and sealing
the lids of the Teflon bottles, glass sample jars, and PUF roller tins by wrapping 1 -in.-wide
Teflon tape around the junction of the lid and the container. The paper vacuum cleaner
bags were shipped inside sealed Ziploc bags. All of the samples except the vacuum
10
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cleaner bags were then wrapped in a layer of newspaper and packed inside a cardboard
box along with additional foam packing material. The vacuum bag samples were placed
on the top of the other samples in the box. A sample inventory sheet was prepared for
inclusion with each shipment of samples. This sheet contained the sample collection date,
sample shipment date, total number of samples shipped, and the identification code,
description, and net weight of each sample fraction contained in the shipment. A copy of
the inventory sheet was also faxed directly to the laboratory on the day following the
shipment. All sample shipments to the laboratory in San Antonio, TX, were made by FedEx
priority overnight service.
3.4.1 Sample Handling
For a typical test performed in a volunteer participant's home, a total of 14 samples
were collected and shipped to the analytical laboratory for extraction and analysis. These
included two samples each of the PUF sample matrix, the dust collected by the HVS3
sampler, the vacuum bags containing dust collected by the Hoover Dirtfinder vacuum
cleaner, carpet fibers cut away from the five 3-in.-diameter plugs cut from the carpet
sample, the carpet binder and remaining thin layer of fibers on the five 3-in.-diameter
carpet plugs, five 3-in.-diameter plugs cut from the carpet padding, and the dust collected
from the 1-m2 area on the subfloor directly under the carpet test sections. Approximately
half of most carpet fractions, but no more than 2 g of dust samples, and the entire PUF
sample matrix were selected and prepared for extraction. The other portions were held in
reserve in case major problems were encountered with any of the initial extractions. These
reserve portions were then also available for alternate analytical analysis, such as
extraction and analysis for acid herbicides.
3.4.2 Sample Screening Procedures
A system was developed to provide the necessary preliminary information
concerning the actual nature and amounts of pesticide residues present in the test
samples collected from each home that was tested. The vacuum-dislodgeable dust sample
collected from the carpet test section located in the interior living area of the home
(sample B) was designated the neutral pesticide screening sample for each test. The one
exception to this was the designation of sample A from test home 2 for screening, since
both of the samples collected from that home were located in an upstairs living area. The
entire dust sample was sieved with a #100 screen that retains particles greater than
approximately 150 urn in diameter. Both the coarse and fine fractions were then split in half
so that each sample fraction could be extracted and analyzed to determine both the neutral
pesticides and the acid herbicides. In addition, this procedure would also generate some
information regarding the distribution of the target analytes in the dust sample relative to
particle size. With regards to screening the test home samples for acid herbicides and
phenols, it was determined that the deeply embedded dust samples collected near the
11
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entrance to the home, the A samples, would provide the best representation of the acidic
pesticides that might be present. A 2-g representative split sample of the dust collected in
the vacuum bag of these samples from each of the eight test homes was analyzed for
screening purposes. A "representative split" sample is defined as the collection of equal
amounts of dust from six locations after splitting open the vacuum bag: center and near
wall of the top third, of the center third, and of the bottom third of the bag.
Ultimately, the results of the screening sample analyses were used to determine
which of the eight test homes sampled in the study were chosen to undergo complete
sample analysis for a target list of 39 neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs and a target list
of four acid herbicides and pentachlorophenol.
3.4.3 Sample Extraction for Neutral Pesticides
Split sample fractions of each sample were spiked with a surrogate (p-terphenyl-c/14)
solution and then extracted with 100 or 150 ml (dust), 200 ml (fibers, binder, and
padding), or 300 ml (PUF samples) of diethyl ether:n-hexane (6:94) in a Soxhlet extractor
for approximately 16 h. The volume of the carpet fraction extracts was reduced to 10, 7.5,
5.0, or 2.5 ml. A 1-mL aliquot of the extract was passed through a Florisil column, and the
final volume of each cleaned extract was adjusted to 2 ml.
3.4.4 GC/MS Analysis of Neutral Pesticides
Analysis for the target analytes (23 pesticides, 10 PAHs, and 6 PCB congeners)
was performed by using a Fisons VG-MD800 GC/MS instrument in selected ion monitoring
mode. A DB-5.625, 30-m by 0.25-mm-i.d. column was used for the analysis. Quantitation
based on a five-point standard calibration curve and internal standards was performed.
Continuing calibration was performed by using the mid-level standard. Extracts with a
target analyte concentration above the calibration range were diluted and reanalyzed to
bring each concentration within the range of the calibration curve.
3.4.5 Sample Extraction for Acid Herbicides and Pentachlorophenol
Because some problems have been encountered in the past with less than
desirable performance of the sample extraction protocols and subsequent analytical
results for analysis of environmental samples for acid herbicides, the SwRI laboratory
initiated a program to investigate those problems and to seek either modification of the
existing protocols or adoption of new procedures altogether. That process was just recently
completed, and it resulted in the development of two new protocols that outline the
procedures to be used for the extraction of acid herbicides and phenols from house dust
and the subsequent derivatization of the extracts in preparation for GC/MS analysis. These
12
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new procedures were used to analyze selected samples from this study, and the specific
steps involved in the sample extraction and derivatization process are outlined here.
An appropriate amount of each sample fraction is selected and weighed to
determine the sample size for extraction. All samples are spiked with 100 uL (i.e., about
4 ug) of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (3,5-DCBA) as the acid herbicide surrogate. The sample
container is covered and allowed to sit for approximately 30 min to allow the surrogate to
incorporate into the sample matrix. The samples are then extracted in 25 ml of an
acetonitrile (ACN):phosphate buffer (adjusted to a pH of 3) by sonication in an ultrasonic
bath for 30 min. The mixture is then centrifuged at 1200-1300 RPM for about 2 min, and
then 20 ml of the filtrate is removed. Then 10 ml of deionized water is added to the 20 ml
of extract, and the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 12 using concentrated sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) solution. The N-EVAP analytical evaporator is set to a temperature of 35-40 °C
under dry nitrogen, and approximately 15 ml of ACN is removed from the extract. The
concentrated extract is then partitioned twice with 20 ml of hexanes, allowing the layers
to separate and then discarding the hexanes layers. Then 175 ml of deionized water is
added to the aqueous phase, and the pH is adjusted to 1 using concentrated hydrochloric
acid.
The acidic aqueous extract is cleaned up by using an octadecyl hydrocarbon-
bonded silica solid-phase extraction cartridge (Baker C18 SPE; 6-mL, 500-mg loading).
The extraction cartridge is preconditioned in sequence with 10 ml of methanol, 10 ml of
deionized water, and then 4 ml of 1:10 ACN:phosphoric acid (0.025M). The acidified water
extract is then loaded onto the extraction cartridge. The cartridge is dried for about 2 h and
is then eluted with 20 ml of 1:1 diethyl ether:hexanes. The eluent is concentrated with
warm water (40 °C) and zero nitrogen to about 200 uL and is then adjusted to a final
volume of 10 ml with ACN for derivatization.
Cleaned extracts containing acid herbicides and phenols are prepared for analysis
using the silylation method of derivatization with N-methyl-N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-
trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). An aliquot of 400 uL of the acid and phenol extract is
removed and placed into a 1.5-mL amber vial. Internal standard solution (2,4-
dichlorophenylacetic acid) is added such that the final concentration is in the range of
0.1-0.2 ng/uL. Then 50 uL of the derivatization reagent (MTBSTFA) is added, and the
meniscus of the extract is marked on the vial. The vial is then capped and sealed with
Teflon tape. Using a heating block set at 60 °C, the vial is gently heated for 30-40 min.
After the solution cools down, the volume of extract in the vial is checked and, if less than
half of the extract remains, a new aliquot is derivatized using the above procedure. GC/MS
analysis of the derivatized extract is performed within 24 to 48 h of completion of the
derivatization procedure.
13
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3.4.6 GC/MS Analysis of Acid Herbicides and Pentachlorophenol
Analysis for the target analytes (four acid herbicides and pentachlorophenol) was
performed using an HP 6890 GC equipped with an HP 5973 MSD operated under selected
ion monitoring mode. A DB-5.625, 30-m by 0.25-mm-i.d. column was used for the analysis.
Quantitation was performed using an internal standard (2,4-DCPA) that was added before
derivatization. A five-point initial standard calibration curve was analyzed to establish the
linearity and performance of the GC/MS system. The mid-level standard was processed
at the beginning and end of the injection sequence to demonstrate instrument stability.
Quantitation of the target analytes and the acid herbicide surrogate (3,5-DCBA) was based
on the relative response factors obtained from the mid-level calibration standard at the
beginning of the sequence.
14
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Section 4
Results and Discussion
A total of 16 sets of samples were collected during the study, two each from eight
separate volunteer test homes in the local area. These samples represent a total of 112
separate sample fractions that were shipped to SwRI for extraction and analysis. A sample
of the vacuum-dislodgeable dust from each home was sieved to produce both a coarse
and a fine particle size sample fraction. The fine particle size sample fraction from each
test home was analyzed for neutral pesticide screening purposes. Based on those results,
and to a lesser degree on the location of the test samples relative to the exterior entrance
to the house, all of the samples collected from six of the eight homes were analyzed for
a target list of 39 neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs. Samples from homes 2 and 6 were
not analyzed. In addition, a sample of the deeply embedded dust from each of the eight
test homes was analyzed to screen for acid herbicides and phenols. Based on those
results, all of the available samples from homes 4 and 8 were analyzed for a target list of
four acid herbicides and pentachlorophenol.
The results of the neutral pesticides analysis of the HVS3 screening samples for all
eight homes were tabulated, and the complete sample analysis results for homes 1, 3, 4,
5, 7, and 8 have been reduced for reporting in both tabular and graphical formats. The
results of the acidic pesticides analysis of the deeply embedded dust screening samples
for all eight homes were also tabulated, and the complete sample analysis results for
homes 4 and 8 have been reduced for reporting in both tabular and graphical formats.
These results, a summary of the environmental conditions recorded during the testing
process at each of the eight homes involved in the study, and a summary of the owner-
reported pesticide use history for each home are reported in the following sections.
4.1 Gravimetric Analysis of Carpet Residue Sample Fractions
In the sample collection process, all samples of the vacuum-dislodgeable residues
(HVS3 sampler) and the deeply embedded dust residues (Hoover Dirtfinder vacuum) were
collected in a preweighed bottle or vacuum bag so that the net sample weight could be
determined. Beginning with test home 3, all remaining test sample fractions were also
collected in a manner that would allow determination of the net sample weight before
shipment to the analytical laboratory. (The PUF roller sample was not weighed.) The
analytical laboratory also determined the weight of each sample received, and any
discrepancies between the reported sample weight on the sample inventory sheet and the
laboratory results were noted and investigated. Comparison of the initial weight with the
analytical laboratory's results indicated that there were some slight losses in mass
determined at the analytical laboratory due to retention of fine dust particles in the sample
container used for the HVS3 samples and, in some instances, for the samples contained
15
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in aluminum foil. There were more significant differences in the reported masses for the
dust collected in the Hoover vacuum bags, however, and it appears that the paper bags
retained some dust after the laboratory's attempts at removal were completed. For these
reasons it was decided that the initial sample weights determined before shipping the
sample fractions for analysis would be used to calculate the overall sample pesticide
residue concentrations, and no other corrections were applied to the data.
The weights of the individual sample fractions are reported In Table 1 for the 16
samples collected and processed. As explained above, the sample A designation
represents the carpet sample taken near the outside entrance to the home, and the
sample B designation represents the sample collected from the interior living area. As
mentioned above, some of the sample fractions for test homes 1 and 2 were not weighed
before shipment to the laboratory for analysis. The laboratory-determined weights for the
missing sample fractions for home 1 are reported; however, since the samples collected
from home 2 were not selected for analysis in this study, the missing data for home 2 are
not available.
Table 1. Gravimetric Analysis of Sample Fractions from In-Home Carpet Tests
Sample Fraction Weight (g)
Sample ID
Home 1-A
Home 1-B
Home 2-A
Home 2-B
Home 3-A
Home 3-B
Home 4-A
Home 4-B
Home 5-A
Home 5-B
Home 6-A
Home 6-B
Home 7-A
Home 7-B
Home 8-A
Home 8-B
HVS3
Dust
1.89
1.53
1.52
1.44
2.63
2.06
27.26
13.49
1.23
0.41
5.30
0.95
0.78
0.61
33.04
16.95
Deeply
Embedded
Dust
28.4
15.5
11.0
12.5
9.1
0.8
150.7
49.3
11.9
7.5
86.5
7.6
8.4
14.7
366.9
217.2
Carpet
Fibers
8.7
7.9
na1
na
12.7
11.6
15.3
16.6
15.8
15.1
16.9
13.2
15.5
14.5
22.3
24.2
Carpet
Binder
29.2
28.9
na
na
33.5
38.7
57.2
42.6
51.0
45.6
36.9
35.3
29.4
31.3
56.3
61.4
Carpet
Padding
5.3
4.8
na
na
5.6
5.3
7.8
5.3
6.3
5.4
23.7
20.5
13.1
11.2
42.6
42.8
Subfloor
Dust
148.5
65.1
na
na
4.5
1.3
1.8
52.6
85.1
8.9
38.9
9.0
60.6
4.4
3.1
1.2
Not available
16
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4.2 Results of Neutral Pesticide Analyses for HVS3 Screening Samples
Gravimetric analysis data for the HVS3 screening samples for all eight test homes
are presented in Table 2. ManTech determined the sample weight by weighing the sample
container before and after sample collection, and SwRI determined the sample weight by
difference also, but in reverse order, that is, by first weighing the sample as received in its
container and then transferring the dust sample from the container and reweighing the
empty bottle. The gravimetric data comparing the coarse and fine sample fractions after
sieving the samples at a cut point of 150 urn show that the samples ranged in composition
of the fine dust fraction from a low of 40% to a high of 93% of the total sample.
Table 2. Mass Data for HVS3 Screening Samples Before and After Sieving
Sample
ID
001-PB02
002-PA02
003-PB02
004-PB02
005-PB02
006-PB02
007-PB02
008-PB02
ManTech
Sample Wt.
(g)
1.526
1.522
2.062
13.492
0.407
0.949
0.614
16.950
Total
Sample Wt
1.222
1.419
1.953
13.730
0.302
0.825
0.470
16.873
SwRI Gravimetric
Correction
Factor1
0.304
0.103
0.109
-0.238
0.105
0.124
0.144
0.077
Measurements (g)
Fine
Fraction2
1.304
0.687
1.828
12.569
0.245
0.682
0.244
10.516
Coarse
Fraction
0.222
0.835
0.233
0.923
0.162
0.267
0.370
6.031
Fine Particles
Percent of
Total
85.5%
45.1%
88.7%
93.2%
60.2%
71.9%
39.7%
62.0%
Difference between ManTech-determined sample weight and SwRI-determined sample weight
2Amounts corrected for losses of fine particles on transfer from sample containers
The results of the screening analysis of the HVS3 fine-fraction dust samples from
the interior living area carpet sections in the eight test homes are presented in Table 3. For
screening purposes, only the fine fraction of the sieved dust sample was analyzed. All
results have been reduced to yield sample concentrations in terms of mass per unit area,
that is, micrograms per square meter.
17
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Table 3. Vacuum-Dislodgeable Dust Screening Sample Analysis Results
Carpet Sample Concentrations (|jg/m2
Test Home ID
Sample ID
Sample Wt. (g)
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/''7,2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
: 1 2
: 1-PB02 2-PA02
: 1.526 1.522
1.532
0.147
0.130
0.267
12.696
0.772
2.249
0.096
0.288
398.286
587.510
1.378
2.533
0.157
0.412
0.211
0.151
0.443
0.311
0.204
0.200
0.031
0.131
0.139
0.027
0.084
1.749
0.117
4.006
6.613
0.187
0.314
0.884
2.695
1.172
1.111
2.907
1.839
0.910
0.253
0.180
0.976
3
3-PB02
2.062
0.658
1.322
3.353
1.163
0.058
4.485
0.746
134.030
184.755
0.493
0.056
0.590
1.163
0.796
0.584
0.819
1.173
0.546
0.095
0.107
0.530
4 5
4-PB02 5-PB02
13.492 0.407
0.648
0.877
0.121
0.270
49.273
0.216
0.917
19.267
0.445
0.890
0.944
58.016
81.222
0.715
1.444
2.267
1.916
1.525
2.806
2.321
1.498
0.742
0.297
1.376
0.173
0.429
0.466
0.087
0.494
0.766
0.328
0.039
0.113
0.100
0.213
0.048
0.118
0.103
0.177
0.177
0.031
0.045
0.122
6 7
6-PB02 7-PB02
0.949 0.614
3.665
0.110 0.313
0.231 0.472
1.186
0.395
16.418 19.598
22.017 27.551
0.054 0.478
3.507
7.097
1.798
4.315
3.929
5.086
5.522
0.924
1.439
4.187
8
8-PB02
16.950
1.536
2.947
9.808
28.781
11.187
1.585
7.243
49.797
5.203
2.237
60.857
0.862
2.941
14.182
1.401
6.040
17.155
5.933
12.426
8.116
19.809
5.375
1.791
4.534
11.906
0.394
1.759
1.117
0.353
18
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4.3 Analysis Results for Neutral Pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs in Residential
Carpets
Complete sample analysis results for each test home selected for full sample
analysis from the eight volunteer homes that were sampled are presented in the following
sections. The results of the laboratory analyses were reported in terms of micrograms of
target analyte detected per gram of sample extracted. By using the known total weight of
each sample fraction submitted for analysis, the sample concentration relative to the total
1 -m2 area of carpet sampled was calculated. For the surface-dislodgeable residue sample
fraction, the laboratory reported the results in terms of total micrograms per sample, since
the entire PUF sample matrix was extracted in every case. Conversion factors for each
sample fraction were applied accordingly and were based on the relationship of the area
covered during the collection of each sample fraction relative to the total area of the carpet
sample tested.
After a decision was made to perform the complete analysis of all sample fractions
from a given set of test samples collected from a particular home, the coarse sample
fraction from the split of the sieved HVS3 dust sample, whose fine fraction was analyzed
earlier for screening purposes, was analyzed along with the rest of the samples from that
test batch. A table showing the coarse and fine sample analysis results for this sample is
presented for each selected test home.
Tables of data are presented that show the reduced sample concentrations in terms
of micrograms per square meter for all seven sample fractions for both A and B sample
sections for each home. A graphical representation of this data is also presented to
compare the two different sample areas tested in terms of the total sample concentrations
for each target analyte. The total sample concentration in this case is defined as the sum
of the individual contributions of each of the seven sample fractions for a given test carpet
area.
Tables of data are also presented that show the relative distribution of pesticide
residues from each carpet area tested in terms of the percent contribution of each sample
fraction to the total sample concentration. These data are also presented graphically.
4.3.1 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 1
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a ranch-style home located in Durham, NC. The sampling was
performed on November 4,1997. Sample A was collected from an area just inside the rear
main entrance to the home, and sample B was collected from an area in the center of the
living room. A floor plan of the home with the sample locations shown schematically is
presented in Figure 1.
19
-------
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located in the center of the living room (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse particles
from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. Both the coarse and fine
sample fractions were analyzed and the results are presented in Table 4.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for
neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs for all seven sample fractions collected from each of
the two carpet sections in test home 1 are presented in Tables 5 and 6. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 2. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 7 and 8, and the
same data are presented graphically in Figures 3 and 4.
20
-------
Test Home 001
A&B Carpet Sample
Ranch
1 sq. Meter
Back Yard
Figure 1. Representation of floor plan for test home 1.
21
-------
Table 4. Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target Analytes—Home 1
Total Sample Weight: 1.526 g Sample ID Number: 001-PB02
Fine Dust Fraction Weight: 1.304 g Fine Dust % of Total: 85.5%
Coarse Dust Fraction Weight: 0.222 g
Sample Analysis Results (ug/m2) pine
Target Analytes
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Coarse Fine (<150 urn)
0.14 1.31
0.04 0.13
0.11
0.03 0.23
1.65 10.85
0.17 0.66
1.92
0.08
0.03 0.25
32.50 340.34
53.09 502.04
0.21 1.18
0.33 2.16
0.13
0.35
0.18
0.13
0.03 0.38
0.27
0.17
0.17
0.03
0.11
Total
1.45
0.16
0.11
0.26
12.50
0.83
1.92
0.08
0.27
372.84
555.13
1.39
2.50
0.13
0.35
0.18
0.13
0.41
0.27
0.17
0.17
0.03
0.11
% of Total
90.4%
77.2%
100.0%
87.4%
86.8%
79.9%
100.0%
100.0%
89.9%
91.3%
90.4%
85.0%
86.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
92.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
22
-------
Table 5. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 1, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 11/04/97
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 001-PA01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 2.57
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 14.18
frans-Permethrin 22.08
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2, A, A', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
001-PA02
1.89
0.74
0.87
1.82
0.09
0.18
37.69
0.99
1.70
0.15
206.97
319.54
1.57
1.91
0.19
0.39
0.25
0.33
0.96
0.34
0.09
0.26
Deep Dust
001-PA03
28.4
9.2
13.0
40.3
333.6
7.4
10.3
2141.2
3675.8
25.9
28.9
2.3
1.4
Fibers
001-PA04
8.7
68.2
492.4
7557.3
15.4
11493.8
103.0
166.0
56.2
525829.9
974508.4
7150.3
4715.4
22.5
12.5
Binder
001-PA05
29.2
2578.7
434.5
1345.8
28.4
55.5
72366.8
268.8
752.9
152.3
31.9
44176.1
63293.0
5536.4
3337.4
8.1
22.5
13.4
260.9
Padding
001-PA06
5.3
2052.5
208.6
111.5
36.2
109.8
53381.5
127.7
576.2
188.1
11.2
3067.3
4006.7
7964.3
4066.3
63.6
0.0
9.6
0.0
18.2
Under
Pad
001-PA07
148.5
183.8
10.4
7.9
2038.6
22.6
309.0
161.0
50.1
71.4
7.4
Totals
for
Sample A
4893.1
1159.8
9064.5
64.7
181.0
139654.6
507.7
1529.8
340.3
99.5
575744.7
1045986.4
20728.5
12221.3
30.8
0.4
0.3
63.9
33.2
37.3
0.1
18.2
261.2
23
-------
Table 6. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 1, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 11/04/97
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 001-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 4.87
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 6.42
frans-Permethrin 3.48
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/?7anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
001-PB02
1.53
1.45
0.16
0.11
0.26
12.50
0.83
1.92
0.08
0.27
372.84
555.13
1.39
2.50
0.13
0.35
0.18
0.13
0.41
0.27
0.17
0.17
0.03
0.11
Deep Dust
001-PB03
15.5
6.1
62.4
2.9
5.6
515.6
829.2
4.6
7.8
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.5
1.3
0.7
Fibers
001-PB04
7.9
43.6
141.2
95.3
9.7
538.6
191.9
77.9
12.9
14112.9
25208.4
1682.3
999.0
8.1
Binder
001-PB05
28.9
2620.8
109.2
81.6
32.1
59.6
18998.4
197.2
670.4
134.6
16.8
8994.0
7815.1
3390.2
2949.2
16.7
8.8
Under
Padding Pad
001-PB06 001-PB07
4.8 65.1
2288.4 57.1
88.1
38.7
99.3
16551.3 388.8
17.4
1204.3 16.4
160.0
8.1
219.8 38.9
320.0 62.6
2114.7 15.8
4012.8 43.7
9.1
78.4 2.9
10.4 5.9
33.8
Totals
for
Sample B
5017.5
338.5
177.0
70.9
168.8
36556.8
410.3
1976.5
294.7
38.1
24260.5
34793.9
7209.1
8015.1
10.4
1.3
1.1
82.3
35.0
18.4
0.2
33.9
0.0
0.9
24
-------
Home #1
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
.
i
[
.
^
1
1
•~
Sample B
Sample A
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
21000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
Figure 2. Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 1.
(continued)
25
-------
Home #1 (Cont.)
Chlorpyrifos
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
Sample B
Sample A
400000 800000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
1200000
Figure 2 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 1.
(continued)
Home#1 (Cont.)
Benz[a]anth racene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anth racene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Sample B
Sample A
30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Total Sample Concentration (ug/m2)
Figure 2 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 1.
26
-------
Table 7. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 1, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 11/04/97
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Under
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Pad Totals
Sample ID: 001-PA01 001-PA02 001-PA03 001-PA04 001-PA05 001-PA06 001-PA07 Sa^\Q A
Sample Wt. (g): na 1.89 28.4 8.7 29.2 5.3 148.5
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.14
0.10
0.19
0.11
0.15
0.01
0.02
0.62
100.00
100.00
0.52
2.90
0.92
100.00
0.10
0.19 1.39 52.70 41.95 3.76 100.0
1.12 42.46 37.47 17.98 0.90 100.0
0.44 83.37 14.85 1.23 0.09 100.0
43.90 55.96 100.0
8.53 30.68 60.69 100.0
1.45 20.28 52.93 25.14 100.0
0.68 10.85 49.22 37.66 1.48 100.0
56.49 32.08 11.28 100.0
0.12 34.49 26.71 38.42 0.24 100.0
0.24 38.58 27.31 33.27 0.58 100.0
73.18 26.20 100.0
100.0
100.0
99.48 100.0
6.78 67.94 22.38 100.0
3.82 33.64 35.99 25.64 100.0
100.0
100.00 100.0
99.90 100.0
27
-------
Table 8. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 1, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 11/04/97
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 001-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 0.01
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 0.03
frans-Permethrin 0.01
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
001-PB02
1.53
0.03
0.09
0.16
0.15
0.03
0.20
0.10
0.03
0.72
1.54
1.60
0.02
0.03
1.29
27.86
15.70
0.16
1.17
1.45
100.00
0.50
100.00
13.04
Deep Dust
001-PB03
15.5
0.12
0.17
0.72
0.29
2.13
2.38
0.06
0.10
11.01
72.14
84.30
1.09
4.41
6.83
86.96
Fibers
001-PB04
7.9
0.87
41.72
53.82
5.77
1.47
46.78
3.94
33.86
58.17
72.45
23.34
12.46
43.95
Binder
001-PB05
28.9
52.23
32.26
46.09
45.28
35.27
51.97
48.06
33.92
45.69
44.23
37.07
22.46
47.03
36.80
47.66
47.77
Padding
001-PB06
4.8
45.61
26.02
54.56
58.81
45.28
4.24
60.93
54.29
21.19
0.91
0.92
29.33
50.07
87.70
95.24
29.85
99.50
Under
Pad
001-PB07
65.1
1.14
1.06
0.83
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.55
3.51
16.92
Totals
for
Sample B
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
28
-------
Home #1, Sample A
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Lindane
Heptachlor
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1 ,2,3-cd]pyrene
0
-
:
I
,
i
i
i i i ! i i
I II I I
I
I I I
-
:
I
I
I
i
-i ii i i
i
-
i
- i i
-i ii i i
-i ii i i
i
I
i i i
-i ii i i
I II I
I
i i i i i
/„ 20% 40% 60% 80% 10
Surface
Vacuum
Deep
Dust
Fibers
Binde
Paddi
r
fig
Under Pad
D%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
Figure 3. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 1, sample A.
29
-------
Home#1, Sample B
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 4. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 1, sample B.
30
-------
4.3.2 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 2
Tests were conducted at a split-level-style home located in Chapel Hill, NC, on
December 31, 1997. Except for the stairs and upstairs level of the home, the flooring was
hardwood and vinyl with area rugs in the downstairs living areas. Sample A was collected
from an area near the top of the carpeted stairs, and the sample B was collected from an
open area in the master bedroom. A floor plan of the home with the sample locations
shown schematically is presented in Figure 5.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located near the top of the stairway (sample A) was sieved to separate coarse particles
from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. The fine sample fraction
was analyzed, and those results were presented earlier in Table 3.
Due to limited resources, a maximum of six homes were to be selected for complete
sample fraction analysis from the pool of eight homes that were tested. After reviewing the
screening sample analysis results, as well as taking into consideration the upstairs
location of these samples, the decision was made to exclude home 2 (along with home 6)
from the pool of six homes selected for complete analysis of test samples collected.
31
-------
Test Home 002
A & B Carpet Sample
Split Level
1sq. Meter
Upstairs Floor Plan
Downstairs Floor Plan
Sunken Living Room
Kitchen
Foyer
Front
Porch
Figure 5. Representation of floor plan for test home 2.
32
-------
4.3.3 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 3
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a split-level-style home located in Gary, NC. The sampling was
performed on February 9, 1998. Sample A was collected from an area just inside the front
main entrance to the home, and sample B was collected from an area in the center of the
family room located on the same level as the main entrance. A floor plan of the home with
the sample locations shown schematically is presented in Figure 6. This home was one
of the two homes tested from which additional carpet samples were collected for use in
other studies that are currently ongoing. The two additional samples are indicated in the
floor plan representation by the crosshatched rectangles labeled A' and B'.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample collected from the area located
in the center of the living room (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse particles from
fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. Both the coarse and fine
sample fractions were analyzed, and those results are presented in Table 9.
The target analyte concentration per unit area results for neutral pesticides, PAHs,
and PCBs for all seven sample fractions collected from each of the two carpet sections in
test home 3 are presented in Tables 10 and 11. The total sample concentration results for
each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are presented graphically in Figure 7.
The sample results are also presented in terms of the percentage contribution of each
individual sample fraction to the total sample concentration for each target analyte. Those
results are shown in Tables 12 and 13, and the same data are presented graphically in
Figures 8 and 9.
33
-------
Test Home 003 Split Level
A & B Carpet Sample 1sq. Meter
A' & B' Carpet Sample SWRI (Southwest Research Institute)
Upper Level
Bath & Bedrooms
Figure 6. Representation of floor plan for test home 3.
34
-------
Table 9. Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target Analytes — Home 3
Total Sample Weight: 2.062 g Sample ID Number: 003-PB02
Fine Dust Fraction Weight: 1.829 g Fine Dust % of Total: 88.7%
Coarse Dust Fraction Weight: 0.233 g
Sample Analysis Results (ug/m2) Fine
Target Analytes
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Coarse
0.21
0.05
0.13
0.19
0.15
0.69
22.52
24.03
0.08
0.00
0.04
0.32
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.08
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.09
Fine (<150 urn)
0.58
1.17
2.97
1.03
0.05
3.98
0.66
118.97
163.92
0.44
0.05
0.52
1.03
0.71
0.52
0.73
1.04
0.49
0.08
0.10
0.47
Total
0.80
1.22
3.10
1.22
0.05
4.13
1.35
141.49
187.95
0.51
0.05
0.56
1.35
0.79
0.56
0.76
1.12
0.56
0.10
0.12
0.56
% of Total
73.1%
95.9%
96.0%
84.4%
100.0%
96.4%
49.0%
84.1%
87.2%
85.2%
100.0%
93.1%
76.4%
89.4%
91.9%
95.4%
93.3%
87.3%
82.1%
82.7%
83.3%
35
-------
Table 10. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 3, Sample A
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Gary, NC Date of Test: 02/04/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding
Sample ID: 003-PA01 003-PA02 003-PA03 003-PA04 003-PA05 003-PA06
Sample Wt. (g): na 2.63 9.1 12.7 33.5 5.6
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
1.29
0.45
0.89
0.77
1.88
0.19
14.89
22.63
0.24
1.61
2.43
1.80
1.77
1.85
2.94
3.33
0.54
1.18
1.96
3.0
0.3
0.7
1.2
1.0
1.4
0.2
6.2
10.6
0.7
2.5
4.0
1.7
1.9
2.1
3.7
2.8
0.7
1.1
2.0
982.0
58.2
179.0
82.5
241.6
27.5
988.4
1482.5
1491.2
79.1
53.2
103.2
29.5
25.7
25.0
182.1
28.3
4.6
10.6
34.7
46.8
270.2
670.0
1178.9
68.9
5308.2
258.9
121.9
726.1
36.3
124.7
151.1
71.1
46.5
51.9
185.2
53.0
8.4
12.5
53.0
36.5
1171.1
227.5
824.0
474.3
76.0
5385.3
158.1
421.6
96.7
85.5
108.8
36.9
31.8
40.6
128.0
25.8
9.5
8.1
35.0
Under
Totals
Pad
for
003-PA07 0 , A
Sample A
4.5
0.42
0.14
0.42
0.23
3.18
0.26
0.10
0.05
0.99
2.26
0.55
0.98
0.46
1.43
1.07
0.27
0.29
1.01
36.5
2204.6
556.9
1675.1
1738.0
144.9
1.0
10941.6
186.2
1268.4
1637.6
2640.0
212.2
268.5
371.8
141.6
108.7
121.9
503.3
114.3
24.0
33.7
127.8
36
-------
Table 11. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 3, Sample B
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Gary, NC Date of Test: 02/04/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 003-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin 0.33
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 2.10
frans-Permethrin 3.47
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
003-PB02
2.06
0.80
1.22
3.10
1.22
0.05
4.13
1.35
141.49
187.95
0.51
0.05
0.56
1.35
0.79
0.56
0.76
1.12
0.56
0.10
0.12
0.56
Deep Dust Fibers
003-PB03 003-PB04
0.8 11.6
0.3 328.6
90.1
249.4
91.3
262.7
58.9
4.2 10610.6
7.2 16604.4
747.6
39.8
35.4
71.7
15.9
21.8
20.3
79.0
30.1
3.6
6.3
23.2
Binder
003-PB05
38.7
55.0
478.7
1182.6
1796.2
59.9
4023.2
80.6
862.1
563.2
597.4
71.6
47.2
56.8
16.3
47.3
25.2
69.7
30.6
5.0
6.8
15.5
Padding
003-PB06
5.3
58.2
276.9
1035.5
1199.0
65.3
5720.1
21.2
457.7
97.3
10.9
24.5
16.2
4.0
5.2
13.2
5.4
6.8
1.2
3.6
Under
Pad
003-PB07
1.3
0.1
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.1
6.0
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Totals
for
Sample B
443.0
847.2
2471.5
3088.3
125.3
0.3
10016.1
162.1
11620.5
17366.2
1803.6
208.7
94.2
154.4
49.3
73.8
51.5
163.2
66.8
15.5
14.5
43.0
37
-------
Home #3
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
1
-
^T
m
•
1
»
^
1
1
i
1
Sample B
•
•
Sample A
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
Figure 7. Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 3.
(continued)
38
-------
Home #3 (Cont.)
Heptachlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
I
I
4000 8000 12000 16000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
20000
• Sample A Sample B
Figure 7 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 3.
(continued)
Benz[a]anth racene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anth racene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Home #3 (Cont.)
50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Total Sample Concentration (M9/m2)
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 7 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 3.
39
-------
Table 12. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 3, Sample A
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Gary, NC Test Date: 02/04/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum
Sample ID: 003-PA01 003-PA02
Sample Wt. (g): na 2.63
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.10
1.17
1.38
0.01
0.60
0.65
1.27
1.63
1.52
0.58
2.91
2.25
3.51
1.53
Deep
Dust
003-PA03
9.1
0.14
0.06
0.04
0.07
100.00
0.01
0.08
0.49
0.65
0.03
0.92
1.08
1.22
1.76
1.73
0.73
2.47
2.79
3.24
1.60
Fibers
003-PA04
12.7
44.54
10.46
10.69
4.75
2.21
14.78
77.92
90.53
56.49
37.29
19.82
27.77
20.81
23.64
20.52
36.18
24.77
19.19
31.54
27.18
Binder
003-PA05
33.5
2.12
48.52
40.00
67.83
47.58
48.51
20.41
7.44
27.50
17.11
46.44
40.64
50.21
42.78
42.58
36.81
46.38
35.13
36.93
41.50
Under
Padding Pad
003-PA06 003-PA07
5.6 4.5
100.00
53.12
40.85
49.19
27.29
52.42
49.22
84.90
15.97
45.57
31.85
29.25
26.10
29.28
33.28
25.42
22.53
39.52
23.93
27.39
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.14
0.004
0.02
0.37
0.61
0.39
0.90
0.38
0.29
0.93
1.12
0.86
0.79
Totals
for
Sample A
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40
-------
Table 13. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 3, Sample B
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Gary, NC Date of Test: 02/04/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers
Sample ID: 003-PB01 003-PB02 003-PB03 003-PB04
Sample Wt. (g): na 2.06 0.8 11.6
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin 100.00
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 0.02
frans-Permethrin 0.02
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCS 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.18
0.14
0.13
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.83
1.22
1.08
0.03
0.02
0.60
0.88
1.60
0.76
1.48
0.68
0.83
0.66
0.80
1.31
0.06 74.17
10.63
10.09
2.96
2.62
36.34
0.04 91.31
0.04 95.61
41.45
19.06
37.58
46.46
32.30
29.60
39.44
48.41
45.05
23.46
43.59
53.99
Binder
003-PB05
38.7
12.42
56.51
47.85
58.16
47.81
40.17
49.74
7.42
3.24
33.12
34.29
50.12
36.77
32.98
64.18
48.83
42.75
45.86
31.96
47.22
36.15
Under
Padding Pad
003-PB06 003-PB07
5.3 1.3
13.15
32.68
41.90
38.82
52.09
57.11
13.05
25.38
46.59
11.62
15.84
32.95
5.37
10.15
8.11
8.14
43.80
8.25
8.40
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.020
0.04
0.07
0.05
0.17
0.08
0.11
0.05
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.14
Totals
for
Sample B
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41
-------
Home #3, Sample A
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Di benz[a, h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
0%
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 8. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 3, sample A.
42
-------
Home #3, Sample B
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anth racene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[g hi] perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anth racene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1 ,2,3-cd]pyrene
I I 1
i i i T
1 1 1
1
1 1
1
i
l
i
l
-
_
1
_
_
_
i
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
.
= r-1 , , , , r-1 , , , LJ
!_, , , , , , , , , r
i i ii
1 '
i i i [
1 1
1
^ ' ' ' ' "I ' ' '
= , L-, , , r-1 , , , ,
1 1 1
i
|
1 1 1 l
1 ' ' r
1 1 II
1 'I
i i i r
i i n
1 1 ' 1 '
1 ' 1 ' ' 1
1 ' 1 ' ' 1
Fibers
Binder
Paddin
Under
g
3ad
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 9. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 3, sample B.
43
-------
4.3.4 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 4
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a ranch-style home located in a rural area of Durham County, NC. The
sampling was performed on February 13, 1998. Sample A was collected from an area just
inside the entrance to a hallway leading to the bedrooms and bathroom. Sample B was
collected from an area in the center of a bedroom used by a teenaged child. The carpeted
hallway and bedrooms were located a short distance from the main entrance to the home,
and the floors in all other living areas were hardwood. A floor plan of the home with the
sample locations shown schematically is presented in Figure 10.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located in the center of the bedroom (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse particles
from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. After setting aside two
2-g aliquots of the fine-fraction dust for screening analysis, the remainder of the fine dust
was recombined with the coarse-fraction dust. The fine sample fraction was analyzed for
neutral target analytes (see Table 3 above), but the coarse sample fraction was not
analyzed separately. Instead, the recombined fine dust remainder (8.807 g) and coarse
sample fraction (0.923 g) was analyzed, and those results are presented along with the
results for other sample B carpet residue fractions in Table 15.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for
neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs for all seven sample fractions collected from each of
the two carpet sections in test home 4 are presented in Tables 14 and 15. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 11. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 16 and 17, and
the same data are presented graphically in Figures 12 and 13.
44
-------
Test Home 004
A & B Carpet Sample
Ranch
1 sq. Meter
Figure 10. Representation of floor plan for test home 4.
45
-------
Table 14. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 4, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (ug/m2^
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum
Sample ID: 004-PA01 004-PA02
Sample Wt. (g): na 27.3
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
2.65
6.61
0.56 23.07
2.65
1.94 417.66
1.96
6.28
0.72 92.14
42.93
1.68 2527.73
2.38 3946.56
3.58
2.75
5.53
8.06
1.73
5.75
4.08
7.90
2.74
3.70
5.09
0.76
0.49
Deep Dust
004-PA03
150.7
41.2
129.9
9.8
2357.7
8.1
25.1
351.7
91.9
10226.5
15889.8
22.6
14.0
21.7
32.9
14.9
24.0
19.1
32.3
11.7
16.4
19.9
2.6
Fibers
004-PA04
15.3
171.3
1295.2
12.8
2751.9
9.1
32.4
915.4
9.8
45.3
9831.6
17419.6
257.7
45.4
39.4
50.4
22.1
28.7
20.9
61.4
10.3
13.8
31.8
3.1
Binder
004-PA05
57.2
909.1
1624.4
69.3
154.1
72217.7
139.1
336.4
43557.8
18.9
44.4
541.3
348.4
26743.4
40325.6
546.9
175.2
270.0
285.6
77.1
169.7
179.8
287.1
56.6
45.1
87.0
166.2
3.4
19.3
4.6
Under
Padding Pad
004-PA06 004-PA07
7.8 1.8
68.8
21089.5
3309.4
48.3
142.6
50166.9
21.5
62.3
115060.6
31.3
699.9
75.7
102.3
156.1
455.7
426.8
13.6
30.5
18.3
4.2
0.1
52.5
0.1
76.7
0.8
5.0
7.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
Totals
for
Sample A
68.8
2.7
22236.1
6386.7
117.6
322.1
127966.2
179.7
462.5
160055.0
50.3
9.8
44.4
1242.0
180.1
424.1
49438.2
77747.9
1286.8
664.4
350.2
377.1
115.8
228.3
224.0
419.3
81.3
45.1
120.9
223.1
3.4
6.4
19.7
4.6
46
-------
Table 15. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 4, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (ug/m2^
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 004-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine 1.07
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 1.46
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 1.65
frans-Permethrin 2.27
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
004-PB02
13.49
3.04
1.36
0.80
21.61
0.91
35.40
0.80
2.26
1.20
165.54
207.47
1.08
1.89
2.97
1.08
2.08
1.94
2.44
0.82
0.85
1.36
Deep Dust
004-PB03
49.3
19.2
4.0
4.5
176.6
2.2
78.5
6.0
3.2
153.1
210.9
4.0
7.6
9.6
3.6
6.8
6.4
8.8
2.1
5.1
Fibers
004-PB04
16.6
17.2
127.9
485.0
15.7
2111.2
11.9
28.2
1913.5
7.6
13.8
32.8
21.0
2147.0
3630.8
715.2
40.9
21.8
17.5
9.5
8.7
37.3
Binder
004-PB05
42.6
11.4
253.1
231.4
38.4
88.0
29648.4
78.2
51693.9
13.3
40.7
516.8
152.5
1147.1
1310.4
331.9
34.5
45.9
32.4
10.6
24.0
24.9
44.2
7.4
22.4
3.5
7.4
Padding
004-PB06
5.3
287.3
251.4
15.0
53.2
5489.2
21.5
43284.1
15.8
409.6
36.8
111.4
150.7
182.6
15.7
15.2
Under
Pad
004-PB07
52.6
3.2
50.0
2.5
462.3
2.4
12.6
7.8
10.5
2.9
19.1
30.3
12.1
17.9
20.0
25.0
4.2
3.4
5.1
16.1
3.4
3.4
2.0
3.4
Totals
for
Sample B
17.2
11.4
20.3
675.4
976.9
53.4
157.7
37498.5
11.9
133.5
97467.8
36.7
14.6
40.7
959.2
31.6
206.3
3733.6
5523.1
1237.7
91.2
96.3
92.8
27.3
60.3
62.0
132.8
5.0
3.4
15.4
45.0
6.9
10.7
2.0
3.4
47
-------
Home #4
Sample B
Sample A
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
Figure 11. Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 4.
(continued)
48
-------
Home #4 (Cont.)
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
Chlorpyrifos
Diazinon
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
40000 80000 120000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
160000
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 11 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 4.
(continued)
Home #4 (Cont.)
i i i i i
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Di benz[a, h]anth racene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ^^^_^_^^
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Total Sample Concentration (ug/m2)
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 11 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 4.
49
-------
Table 16. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 4, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum
Sample ID: 004-PA01 004-PA02
Sample Wt. (g): na 27.26
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine 100.00
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl 0.01
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 0.002
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon 0.0005
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 0.003
frans-Permethrin 0.003
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.03
0.36
0.82
0.33
1.09
1.36
0.06
23.83
5.11
5.08
0.28
0.41
1.58
2.14
1.49
2.52
1.82
1.88
3.38
3.06
2.28
11.88
2.49
Deep
Dust
004-PA03
150.7
0.19
2.03
3.04
1.84
4.51
5.42
0.22
51.00
20.69
20.44
1.76
2.11
6.19
8.71
12.83
10.53
8.54
7.70
14.35
13.56
8.94
40.18
Fibers
004-PA04
15.3
0.77
20.28
3.97
2.15
5.05
7.01
0.57
100.00
25.17
19.89
22.41
20.03
6.84
11.24
13.37
19.09
12.58
9.34
14.64
12.63
11.42
14.26
47.94
Binder
004-PA05
57.2
4.09
25.43
58.92
47.85
56.43
77.38
72.73
27.21
37.64
100.00
43.58
82.16
54.09
51.87
42.50
26.37
77.08
75.73
66.59
74.32
80.25
68.46
69.64
100.00
71.96
74.48
100.00
97.51
100.00
Under
Padding Pad
004-PA06 004-PA07
7.8 1.8
100.00
94.84
51.82
41.08
44.27
39.20
11.96
13.46
71.89
62.36
56.36
17.84
0.21
0.20
35.41
64.23
3.87
7.27
0.08
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
Totals
for
Sample A
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50
-------
Table 17. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 4, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust
Sample ID: 004-PB01 004-PB02 004-PB03
Sample Wt. (g): na 13.49 49.3
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCS 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
5.28
0.45
0.14
0.51
0.004 0.06
0.68
0.04
5.47
7.15
0.58
0.04 4.43
0.04 3.76
0.09
1.96
3.20
3.94
3.45
3.13
1.84
16.44
5.50
3.03
94.72
0.59
0.46
0.47
1.65
0.08
19.00
1.53
4.10
3.82
0.33
7.94
10.39
13.23
11.35
10.25
6.59
13.43
11.34
Fibers
004-PB04
16.6
100.00
18.94
49.65
9.93
5.63
100.00
21.13
1.96
20.62
94.53
3.42
66.29
57.51
65.74
57.78
44.88
22.65
18.84
15.67
14.11
28.05
Binder
004-PB05
42.6
100.00
37.48
23.69
71.84
55.81
79.07
58.54
53.04
36.26
100.00
53.88
73.91
30.72
23.73
26.82
37.87
47.60
34.95
38.69
39.86
40.15
33.27
47.93
49.81
51.19
68.54
Padding
004-PB06
5.3
42.54
25.73
28.16
33.75
14.64
16.11
44.41
43.12
42.71
17.85
2.98
2.73
14.75
17.26
11.43
Under
Pad
004-PB07
52.6
0.33
0.13
1.89
0.47
7.56
6.12
0.21
0.19
0.23
19.85
32.62
44.13
29.68
32.36
18.82
83.56
100.00
33.15
35.81
48.81
31.46
100.00
100.00
Totals
for
Sample B
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51
-------
Home #4, Sample A
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Perm ethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
Figure 12. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4, sample A.
52
-------
Home #4, Sample B
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 13. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4, sample B.
53
-------
4.3.5 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 5
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a ranch-style home located in Durham, NC. The sampling was
performed on March 3, 1998. Sample A was collected from an area just inside the side
entrance to the home (from a screened-in porch), and the sample B was collected from an
area in the center of the living room. A floor plan of the home with the sample locations
shown schematically is presented in Figure 14.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located in the center of the living room (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse particles
from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. Both the coarse and fine
sample fractions were analyzed, and those results are presented in Table 18.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for
neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs for all seven sample fractions collected from each of
the two carpet sections in test home 5 are presented in Tables 19 and 20. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 15. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 21 and 22, and
the same data are presented graphically in Figures 16 and 17.
54
-------
Test Home 005
A & B Carpet Sample
Ranch
1sq. Meter
Figure 14. Representation of floor plan for test home 5.
55
-------
Table 18. Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target Analytes — Home 5
Total Sample Weight: 0.407 g Sample ID Number: 005-PB02
Fine Dust Fraction Weight: 0.245 g Fine Dust % of Total: 60.2%
Coarse Dust Fraction Weight: 0.162 g
Sample Analysis Results (ug/m2) pine
Target Analytes
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Coarse
0.13
0.23
0.32
0.13
0.38
0.17
0.42
0.30
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.09
0.12
0.05
0.09
0.13
0.17
0.03
0.03
0.02
Fine (<150 urn)
0.10
0.26
0.28
0.05
0.30
0.46
0.20
0.02
0.07
0.06
0.13
0.03
0.07
0.06
0.11
0.11
0.02
0.03
0.07
Total
0.24
0.48
0.60
0.05
0.13
0.67
0.17
0.89
0.50
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.23
0.11
0.16
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.02
0.16
0.25
0.03
0.03
0.02
% of Total
44.2%
53.5%
46.3%
100.0%
44.2%
52.0%
39.8%
18.2%
44.4%
42.4%
56.7%
26.6%
44.7%
34.2%
68.8%
54.7%
100.0%
17.0%
29.9%
56
-------
Table 19. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 5, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 03/03/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction:
Sample ID:
Sample Wt. (g):
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Surface Vacuum
005-PA01 005-PA02
na 1.23
0.39
1.10
5.24 3.82
Deep Dust
005-PA03
11.9
0.9
2.5
17.0
Fibers
005-PA04
15.8
19.2
44.1
121.6
272.8
Binder
005-PA05
51.0
268.2
777.1
3197.6
Padding
005-PA06
6.3
353.0
1509.0
242.6
Under
Pad
005-PA07
85.1
4.9
4.5
Totals
Sample A
19.2
666.6
2416.1
3743.6
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/i>yfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/?7anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/''/,2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2,A,A',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.79
1.50
0.43
0.06
2.0
2.6
2.6
54.8
171.0
5666.8 4251.9
19.8
4.2
36.3
25.9
57.6
18.3 10112.1
0.54
0.35
0.18
0.52
0.30
0.55
0.43
0.45
0.49
0.67
2.2
1.3
0.7
2.3
2.3
3.4
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.4
0.5
47.1
30.0
240.1
125.4
29.7
33.6
23.4
20.5
23.3
72.2
610.4
390.7
69.7
53.1
35.3
32.9
86.5
164.6
10.6
179.8
690.0
41.7
41.8
32.5
23.5
52.0
76.2
9.2
13.1
12.0
10.6
9.0
13.9
10.6
49.9
31.7
1031.1
1208.9
152.9
145.6
106.0
90.5
174.1
330.9
0.5
11.7
96.7
4.3
57
-------
Table 20. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 5, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 03/03/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding
Sample ID: 005-PB01 005-PB02 005-PB03 005-PB04 005-PB05 005-PB06
Sample Wt. (g): na 0.41 7.5 15.1 45.6 5.4
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane 1.85
gamma-Chlordane 2.22
Chlorpyrifos 3.36
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene 1.57
Benzo/i>yfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/?7anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/''/,2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2, A, A', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.24
0.48
0.60
0.05
0.13
0.67
0.17
0.89
0.50
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.23
0.11
0.16
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.02
0.16
0.25
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.5
1.1
1.9
1.8
1.0
1.7
0.7
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.8
0.4
74.8
75.4
193.9
154.9
218.7
11.8
30.9
59.7
714.8
691.0
16.5
15.3
11.4
15.0
62.1
3.6
308.9
677.5
5620.3
6107.0
1023.5
1371.2
18.6
15.2
8.0
43.8
81.6
7.8
365.4
970.5
226.0
4771.3
16.6
233.9
1548.7
11.1
8.0
7.9
15.4
32.4
6.3
3.8
Under
Pad Totals
005-PB07 Samp|e B
8.9
74.8
752.3
0.7 1846.5
0.6 6007.6
0.1
1.9
3.2 11100.9
28.6
32.7
61.9
1973.0
1.5 3613.5
0.4 48.7
0.4 39.7
11.9
16.4
0.4 75.2
0.5 177.5
0.2
0.02
0.2
0.4 8.8
0.03
10.0
3.8
58
-------
Home #5
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
F
•
?
.
?
^^^
Sample B
Sample A
400 800 1200 1600 2000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
2400
Figure 15. Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 5.
59
(continued)
-------
Home #5 (Cont.)
Chlorpyrifos
Heptachlor
Propoxur
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Total Sample Concentration (pg/m2)
10000
12000
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 15 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 5.
(continued)
Home #5 (Cont.)
Benz[a]anth racene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anth racene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
50 100 150 200 250
Total Sample Concentration (ug/m2)
300
350
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 15 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 5.
60
-------
Table 21. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 5, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 03/03/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Under
Pad
Totals
for
0.14
0.06
0.05
0.10
0.14
0.10
0.45
100.00
6.61
5.03
7.29
40.23
32.16
85.42
52.96
62.46
6.48
0.20
0.12
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.37 3.46
0.01 0.03
95.16
1.69
56.04
42.05
0.44
1.37
2.66
20.43
98.63
37.57
26.80
100.0
0.18 100.0
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding
Sample ID: 005-PA01 005-PA02 005-PA03 005-PA04 005-PA05 005-PA06 005-PA07 Sam"'|e A
Sample Wt. (g): na 1.23 11.9 15.8 51.0 6.3 85.1
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
1.09
1.11
0.02
0.04
0.20
0.38
0.41
0.50
0.28
0.20
4.41
4.17
0.06
0.19
1.53
2.34
2.14
2.80
1.61
1.04
100.00
94.51
94.73
23.28
10.38
19.41
23.08
22.10
22.64
13.40
21.80
59.20
32.31
45.56
36.48
33.28
36.36
49.66
49.74
100.00
17.44
57.07
27.29
28.72
30.71
25.94
29.89
23.02
6.01
9.00
11.36
11.76
5.16
4.20
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.10
100.0
100.0
61
-------
Table 22. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 5, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, located in Durham, NC Date of Test: 3/03/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 005-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane 0.25
gamma-Chlordane 0.12
Chlorpyrifos 0.06
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene 3.24
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
005-PB02
0.41
0.03
0.03
0.01
100.00
6.66
0.01
0.58
2.71
0.80
0.01
0.00
0.29
0.57
0.92
0.97
0.24
0.09
100.00
100.00
100.00
2.81
100.00
0.25
0.57
Deep Dust
005-PB03
7.5
0.06
0.06
0.03
93.34
2.95
2.71
0.04
0.02
0.66
1.32
3.44
2.00
0.55
0.44
4.37
Fibers
005-PB04
15.1
100.00
10.03
10.50
2.58
1.97
41.37
94.34
96.49
36.23
19.12
33.91
38.60
95.64
19.89
35.01
36.06
Binder
005-PB05
45.6
41.06
36.69
93.55
55.01
51.88
37.95
38.31
38.15
48.98
58.31
45.95
88.51
Under
Padding Pad
005-PB06 005-PB07
5.4 8.9
48.57
52.56 0.04
3.76 0.01
42.98 0.03
58.05
11.85
42.86 0.04
22.77 0.81
20.24 1.12
48.05
20.45 0.56
18.22 0.30
4.32
63.69
99.43
Totals
for
Sample B
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62
-------
Home #5, Sample A
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Di benz[a, h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
0%
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 16. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 5, sample A.
63
-------
Home #5, Sample B
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Surface
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 17. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 5, sample B.
64
-------
4.3.6 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 6
Tests were conducted at a ranch-style home located in Chapel Hill, NC, on March 6,
1998. Sample A was collected from an area near the entrance to the living room and just
off a vinyl floor surface leading from the main entrance. Sample B was collected from an
open area in the center of the living room. A floor plan of the home with the sample
locations shown schematically is presented in Figure 18.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located near the center of the living room (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse
particles from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. The fine sample
fraction was analyzed, and those results were presented earlier in Table 3.
Due to limited resources, a maximum of six homes were to be selected for complete
sample fraction analysis from the pool of eight homes that were tested. After reviewing the
screening sample analysis results, and taking into consideration the location of these
samples relative to the main entrance of the home, the decision was made to exclude
home 6 (along with home 2) from the pool of six homes selected for complete analysis of
test samples collected.
65
-------
Test Home 006
A & B Carpet Sample
Wood Porch
(Main Entrance)
Ranch
1 sq. Meter
Bedroom
Vinyl Floor
Ill
2
Kitchen
Vinyl Floor
Bedroom
O 5
Dining Room ^
%
_ro
O 5
Wood
Deck
Living Room
Fireplace
Figure 18. Representation of floor plan for test home 6.
66
-------
4.3.7 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 7
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a two-story-style home located in Raleigh, NC. The sampling was
performed on March 7,1998. Sample A was collected from an area a short distance inside
the front main entrance to the home (at the edge of the living room), and sample B was
collected from an area near the center of the living room. A floor plan of the home with the
sample locations shown schematically is presented in Figure 19.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located in the center of the living room (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse particles
from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. Both the coarse and fine
sample fractions were analyzed, and those results are presented in Table 23 below.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for
neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs for all seven sample fractions collected from each of
the two carpet sections in test home 7 are presented in Tables 24 and 25. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 20. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 26 and 27, and
the same data are presented graphically in Figures 21 and 22.
67
-------
Test Home 007 Two Story
A & B Carpet Sample 1sq. Meter
_
Laundry Room/
Lavatory
Stairs Tile Floor
Up
'-• '
Tile
Floor
=1
1 •
•
Down
Tile Floor
Brick Front
Porch
Table
inei-ioor
1 Carpet
A B
Living Rnnm
Carpet
1
/~\ ~] T 1 T
<\Ch^ir Sectional Sofa
Figure 19. Representation of floor plan for test home 7.
68
-------
Table 23. Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target Analytes — Home 7
Total Sample Weight: 0.614 g Sample ID Number: 007-PB02
Fine Dust Fraction Weight: 0.244 g Fine Dust % of Total: 39.7%
Coarse Dust Fraction Weight: 0.370 g
Sample Analysis Results (ug/m2) pine
Target Analytes
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Coarse
1.14
0.39
0.48
1.50
2.44
27.02
35.06
0.87
0.10
0.92
2.07
1.49
1.26
1.15
1.99
0.31
0.23
0.22
1.35
Fine (<150 urn)
1.46
0.12
0.19
0.47
7.79
10.95
0.19
1.39
2.82
0.71
1.71
1.56
2.02
2.19
0.37
0.57
1.66
Total
2.60
0.51
0.67
1.97
2.44
34.81
46.01
1.06
0.10
2.32
4.89
2.20
2.98
2.72
4.01
2.50
0.60
0.79
3.01
% of Total
56.0%
24.3%
28.2%
24.0%
22.4%
23.8%
17.9%
60.1%
57.6%
32.5%
57.6%
57.5%
50.4%
87.7%
61.3%
72.2%
55.2%
69
-------
Table 24. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 7, Sample A
Test Home: Two-story style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 03/07/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (ug/m2)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding
Under
Pad
Totals
for
Sample ID: 007-PA01 007-PA02 007-PA03 007-PA04 007-PA05 007-PA06 007-PA07 Sample A
Sample Wt. (g): na 0.78 8.4 15.5 29.4 13.1 60.6
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 1.13
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
0.37
0.55
0.66
1.07
2.5
1.0
1.1
7.3
706.0
58.6
71.0
215.8
109.6
319.2
365.3
2481.9
78.7
476.4
1100.4
3571.7
3.6
6.1
6.7
37.3
900.7
861.9
1545.1
6316.2
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin 1.43
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/i>yfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/''/,2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', A, A', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.18
0.14
3.18
31.79
41.06
1.69
0.11
1.52
3.95
2.32
2.20
2.12
3.25
0.50
0.42
0.38
2.41
3.3
1.7
73.1
86.6
8.7
9.3
18.0
12.1
9.6
10.5
17.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
10.7
248.0
5958.6
8493.6
11517.1
278.5
49.0
116.7
77.9
57.7
58.9
145.0
14.3
9.9
9.7
69.7
516.1
19.9
6814.7
7568.6
7299.0
171.6
63.7
118.2
73.3
68.2
74.5
121.5
17.3
12.6
13.1
68.9
1410.1
603.9
806.4
86972.5
1225.9
47.7
47.2
36.6
29.5
35.7
69.8
7.8
30.6
23.2
2.8
91.0
122.9
106.1
3.8
62.0
109.3
74.9
67.0
70.1
107.1
13.2
15.2
13.4
74.7
1949.6
3.4
275.6
13572.9
17120.7
105905.1
1679.9
233.3
413.2
277.1
234.2
251.9
463.8
47.3
47.7
38.5
257.1
70
-------
Table 25. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 7, Sample B
Test Home: Two-story style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 03/07/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 007-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 0.93
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin 0.75
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
007-PB02
0.61
2.60
0.51
0.67
1.97
2.44
34.81
46.01
1.06
0.10
2.32
4.89
2.20
2.98
2.72
4.01
2.50
0.60
0.79
3.01
Deep Dust
007-PB03
14.7
69.5
1.8
2.1
18.2
4.5
330.9
411.7
8.2
2.0
62.4
123.1
62.8
70.0
69.7
114.2
14.3
15.5
14.2
129.3
Fibers
007-PB04
14.5
437.4
5459.1
61.5
75.6
490.2
419.1
6643.7
9053.1
4792.0
242.1
80.8
183.9
126.1
96.1
91.1
202.4
22.1
18.1
16.7
108.9
Binder
007-PB05
31.3
857.8
325.0
371.8
11404.0
48.9
578.5
17759.1
19801.5
1798.2
160.9
198.3
236.7
142.0
122.0
188.3
254.6
30.5
29.5
27.3
228.8
Padding
007-PB06
11.2
127.9
1594.6
411.0
786.1
9493.9
1539.7
18.6
2652.4
3536.5
8841.4
1141.8
183.1
281.9
218.2
191.4
198.9
322.4
40.0
42.6
40.2
219.3
3.3
Under
Pad
007-PB07
4.4
20.0
0.2
0.3
8.4
0.9
0.8
10.1
14.6
1.0
0.2
19.6
35.0
18.3
23.6
30.3
34.0
5.4
5.1
5.3
46.8
Totals
for
Sample B
127.9
437.4
8003.6
800.1
1236.6
21417.7
48.9
2119.2
445.4
27431.1
32864.2
15441.7
1547.2
546.5
865.5
569.7
506.0
581.1
931.6
114.7
111.4
104.5
736.1
3.3
71
-------
Home #7
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
Propoxur
p
TTT1
m
^^^^m
]
•
•
•
r1
•
•
•
•
•
I
•
^^^^^^^^^^^
•
J
Sample B
Sample A
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
Figure 20. Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 7.
(continued)
72
-------
Home #7 (Cont.)
Chlorpyrifos
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
| Sample A | | Sample B
Figure 20 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 7.
(continued)
Home #7 (Cont.)
Benz[a]anth racene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anth racene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
g
5
1
I
)
1
i
100
2C
0
3C
I
0
4C
I
0
5C
]
i
i
0
60
0
7C
i
0
8G
0
p
9C
i
0
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 20 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 7.
73
-------
Table 26. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 7, Sample A
Test Home: Two-story style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 03/07/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Deep
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Dust
Sample ID: 007-PA01 007-PA02 007-PA03
Sample Wt. (g): na 0.78 8.4
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 0.02
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin 0.01
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.01
3.95
1.15
0.23
0.24
0.002
0.01
0.65
0.95
0.84
0.94
0.84
0.70
1.07
0.87
0.99
0.94
0.28
0.11
0.07
0.12
96.05
0.61
0.54
0.51
0.01
3.99
4.35
4.36
4.08
4.15
3.70
4.09
3.95
4.81
4.16
Fibers
007-PA04
15.5
78.38
6.80
4.59
3.42
89.98
43.90
49.61
10.87
16.58
21.02
28.23
28.11
24.64
23.40
31.26
30.34
20.78
25.32
27.13
Binder
007-PA05
29.4
12.17
37.04
23.64
39.29
26.47
7.22
50.21
44.21
6.89
10.21
27.31
28.60
26.46
29.13
29.59
26.19
36.56
26.34
34.04
26.82
Padding
007-PA06
13.1
8.73
55.28
71.22
56.55
72.33
4.45
4.71
82.12
72.98
20.46
11.42
13.21
12.60
14.18
15.06
16.30
11.90
Under
Pad
007-PA07
60.6
0.40
0.71
0.43
0.59
1.19
1.03
0.67
0.72
0.10
0.23
26.57
26.44
27.03
28.61
27.84
23.09
27.95
31.76
34.83
29.06
Totals
for
Sample A
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
74
-------
Table 27. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 7, Sample B
Test Home: Two-story style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 03/07/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum Deep Dust
Sample ID: 007-PB01 007-PB02 007-PB03
Sample Wt. (g): na 0.61 14.7
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 0.004
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin 0.002
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCS 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.01
0.55
0.13
0.14
0.01
0.01
0.42
0.57
0.39
0.59
0.47
0.43
2.18
0.54
0.76
0.41
0.87
0.22
0.17
0.09
1.01
1.21
1.25
0.05
0.13
11.42
14.23
11.02
13.83
12.00
12.26
12.42
13.90
13.59
17.57
Fibers
007-PB04
14.5
100.00
68.21
7.69
6.11
2.29
94.09
24.22
27.55
31.03
15.65
14.78
21.25
22.14
18.98
15.67
21.73
19.23
16.29
16.00
14.79
Binder
007-PB05
31.3
10.72
40.62
30.07
53.25
100.00
27.30
64.74
60.25
11.64
10.40
36.28
27.34
24.93
24.11
32.40
27.32
26.59
26.44
26.17
31.08
Under
Padding Pad
007-PB06 007-PB07
11.2 4.4
100.00
19.92
51.37
63.57
44.33
72.66
4.17
9.67
10.76
57.26
73.80
33.51
32.57
38.31
37.82
34.24
34.61
34.86
38.26
38.45
29.79
100.00
0.25
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.17
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.01
3.59
4.04
3.22
4.66
5.22
3.65
4.72
4.57
5.03
6.36
Totals
for
Sample B
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
75
-------
Home #7, Sample A
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Perm ethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 21. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 7, sample A.
76
-------
Home #7, Sample B
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Surface
Deep Dust
•
Fibers
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 22. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 7, sample B.
77
-------
4.3.8 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 8
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a split-level-style home located in Raleigh, NC. The sampling was
performed on May 12, 1998. Sample A was collected from an area just inside the front
main entrance to the home, and sample B was collected from a central location between
the foyer and the kitchen on the same level as the main entrance. A floor plan of the home
with the sample locations shown schematically is presented in Figure 23. This home was
one of the two homes that were tested from which additional carpet samples were collected
for use in other studies that are currently ongoing. The two additional samples are
indicated in the floor plan representation by the crosshatched rectangles that are labeled
A' and B'.
The vacuum-dislodgeable dust screening sample that was collected from the area
located in the center of the living room (sample B) was sieved to separate coarse particles
from fine particles at a cut point of 150 urn in geometric diameter. Both the coarse and fine
sample fractions were analyzed, and those results are presented in Table 28.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for
neutral pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs for all seven sample fractions collected from each of
the two carpet sections in test home 8 are presented in Tables 29 and 30. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 24. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 31 and 32, and
the same data are presented graphically in Figures 25 and 26.
78
-------
Test Home 008 Split-Level
A & B Carpet Sample 1 sq. Meter
A' & B' Carpet Sample for SWRI (Southwest Research Institute)
To Bedrooms/
Stairs Batn
Up
Figure 23. Representation of floor plan for test home 8.
79
-------
Table 28. Analysis of HVS3 Screening Sample Fractions for Neutral Target Analytes — Home 8
Total Sample Weight: 16.95 g Sample ID Number: 008-PB02
Fine Dust Fraction Weight: 10.52 g Fine Dust % of Total: 62.0%
Coarse Dust Fraction Weight: 6.03 g
Sample Analysis Results (ug/m2) pine
Target Analytes
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Coarse
0.88
2.94
7.68
3.34
14.35
20.82
0.64
6.25
0.76
0.64
1.51
1.04
1.21
1.98
1.94
0.88
0.59
0.28
Fine (<150 urn)
0.95
1.83
6.09
17.86
6.94
0.98
4.49
30.89
3.23
1.39
37.76
0.53
1.82
8.80
0.87
3.75
10.64
3.68
7.71
5.04
12.29
3.33
1.11
2.81
7.39
0.24
1.09
0.69
0.22
Total
0.95
2.71
9.03
25.54
10.28
0.98
4.49
45.25
3.23
1.39
58.58
0.53
0.64
1.82
15.05
1.63
4.39
12.15
4.72
8.92
7.01
14.23
3.33
1.11
2.81
8.27
0.24
1.68
0.97
0.22
% of Total
100.0%
67.5%
67.4%
69.9%
67.5%
100.0%
100.0%
68.3%
100.0%
100.0%
64.5%
100.0%
100.0%
58.5%
53.4%
85.4%
87.6%
78.0%
86.5%
71.8%
86.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
89.3%
100.0%
64.9%
71.4%
100.0%
80
-------
Table 29. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 8, Sample A
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 5/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum
Sample ID: 008-PA01 008-PA02
Sample Wt. (g): na 33.04
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
3.34
27.22
70.34
3.75 15.10
6.77
122.15
162.62
5.45
29.24
17.54
47.15
24.81
32.25
34.86
38.36
10.80
5.25
6.54
29.87
2.31
1.52
Deep Dust Fibers
008-PA03 008-PA04
366.9 22.3
34.9
150.4
366.4
215.9
67.7
849.0
710.0
41.7
196.5
33.8
120.2
224.9
158.0
139.3
172.4
231.4
42.8
26.3
21.6
135.3
30.2
82.1
42.5
10.8
12.6
42.9
90.9
216.8
147.6
88.4
2397.0
66.1
629.1
32.4
325.2
93.2
197.6
105.1
79.0
95.3
240.9
17.1
17.8
11.4
88.4
25.2
14.8
5.7
Under
Binder Padding Pad Totals
008-PA05 008-PA06 008-PA07 Sa^\Q A
56.3 42.6 3.1
464.5 899.2
1752.7 2598.8
192.4
569.6 3701.2
42134.5 348919.6
10490.9 46366.6
91.7
1393.7 1678.3
235.4
359.1
254.5
313.7
245.6
588.9
110.9
68.0
55.9
345.5
3.7
9.5
0.7
13.3
10.0
0.9
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
81.1
1635.9
5014.4
574.8
4434.3
394435.5
66.1
58369.2
171.2
3623.9
34.7
466.7
829.1
542.7
564.5
548.5
1100.4
181.6
117.3
95.4
599.3
30.6
110.6
59.4
10.9
18.4
81
-------
Table 30. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Sample Residue Concentrations for Home 8, Sample B
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 008-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane 0.98
Chlorpyrifos 1.34
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor 1.93
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol 0.93
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
008-PB02
16.95
0.95
2.71
9.03
25.54
10.28
0.98
4.49
45.25
3.23
1.39
58.58
0.53
0.64
1.82
15.05
1.63
4.39
12.15
4.72
8.92
7.01
14.23
3.33
1.11
2.81
8.27
0.24
1.68
0.97
0.22
Deep Dust
008-PB03
217.2
60.4
66.1
174.7
240.8
20.0
999.1
506.1
67.2
342.3
14.7
63.5
101.1
47.3
62.1
79.8
101.5
15.6
15.6
9.6
99.6
11.8
42.2
26.2
4.7
10.0
Fibers
008-PB04
24.2
132.4
183.9
390.9
305.1
113.0
969.7
942.0
686.7
1178.0
147.4
564.3
611.2
139.7
176.2
499.1
33.1
42.4
44.3
177.1
86.0
193.1
89.7
21.7
36.5
Binder
008-PB05
61.4
509.7
1312.7
304.7
289.9
9360.3
14070.6
292.5
1196.2
119.1
143.6
74.4
75.3
97.2
282.0
99.8
82.4
243.4
153.2
15.8
62.2
Under
Padding Pad
008-PB06 008-PB07
42.8 1.2
645.0 0.3
1508.0 0.9
0.2
838.3 0.1
27856.8 40.7
27373.5 12.1
671.4 0.6
0.2
0.4
Totals
for
Sample B
1.0
195.5
1414.0
3413.6
862.4
1262.4
4.5
39271.9
3.2
1.4
42964.7
0.5
1047.0
1.8
3404.4
16.3
334.6
821.1
737.7
286.0
360.2
897.2
52.0
59.0
56.7
384.8
180.5
480.5
270.2
42.4
108.7
82
-------
Home #8
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
--I I I I.
Sample B
Sample A
1000 2000 3000 4000
Total Sample Concentration (ug/m2)
5000
Figure 24. Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 8.
(continued)
83
-------
Home #8 (Cont.)
Diazinon
Heptachlor
80000 160000 240000 320000
Total Sample Concentration (ug/m2)
400000
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 24 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 8.
(continued)
Home #8 (Cont.)
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
I I I
I I I | I I I
200 400 600 800
Total Sample Concentration (H9/m2)
1000
1200
Sample A
Sample B
Figure 24 (continued). Total residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 8.
84
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Table 31. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 8, Sample A
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface Vacuum
Sample ID: 008-PA01 008-PA02
Sample Wt. (g): na 33.04
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos 0.65
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
4.11
1.66
1.40
2.63
0.15
0.03
0.28
3.18
0.81
3.76
5.69
4.57
5.71
6.36
3.49
5.95
4.48
6.86
4.98
2.09
2.56
Deep Dust
008-PA03
366.9
43.04
9.20
7.31
37.57
1.53
0.22
1.22
24.38
5.42
97.48
25.76
27.13
29.11
24.67
31.43
21.03
23.58
22.39
22.63
22.58
98.87
74.16
71.55
99.37
68.38
Fibers
008-PA04
22.3
52.84
5.55
4.32
25.68
1.99
0.61
100.00
1.08
18.90
8.97
19.97
23.83
19.37
13.99
17.38
21.90
9.40
15.16
11.93
14.75
22.82
24.87
30.89
Under
Binder Padding Pad
008-PA05 008-PA06 008-PA07
56.3 42.6 3.1
28.39 54.97
34.95 51.83
33.48
12.85 83.47
10.68 88.46
17.97 79.44
53.53
38.46 46.31
50.44
43.31
46.90
55.58
44.77
53.52
61.08
57.97
58.59
57.65
0.22
0.19
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
2.52
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.04
1.13
0.93
1.03
0.63
0.73
Totals
for
Sample A
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
85
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Table 32. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Residue Distribution Percentage for Home 8, Sample B
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Surface
Sample ID: 008-PB01
Sample Wt. (g): na
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane 0.03
Chlorpyrifos 0.16
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor 0.00
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol 0.03
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/'/(/fluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'
PCB 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
Vacuum
008-PB02
16.95
100.00
1.39
0.64
0.75
1.19
0.08
100.00
0.12
100.00
100.00
0.14
100.00
0.06
100.00
0.44
9.97
1.31
1.48
0.64
3.12
1.95
1.59
6.41
1.88
4.96
2.15
0.14
0.35
0.36
0.52
Deep Dust
008-PB03
217.2
30.87
4.68
5.12
27.92
1.59
2.54
1.18
6.42
10.05
90.03
18.99
12.31
6.42
21.70
22.14
11.31
29.93
26.37
16.92
25.88
6.56
8.79
9.71
11.07
9.22
Fibers
008-PB04
24.2
67.74
13.00
11.45
35.38
8.95
2.47
2.19
65.59
34.60
44.04
68.72
82.85
48.85
48.92
55.63
63.66
71.75
78.13
46.03
47.64
40.20
33.21
51.23
33.57
Under
Binder Padding Pad
008-PB05 008-PB06 008-PB07
61.4 42.8 1.2
36.04 45.62 0.02
38.45 44.17 0.03
35.34 0.02
22.96 66.41 0.01
23.83 70.93 0.10
32.75 63.71 0.03
27.93
35.14 19.72 0.02
35.59 0.07
17.49
10.09
26.33
26.99
31.43 0.04
25.94
45.66
50.67
56.72
37.19
57.20
Totals
for
Sample B
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86
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Home #8, Sample A
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Di benz[a, h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
0%
Surface
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
Figure 25. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8, sample A.
87
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Home #8, Sample B
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
cis-Permethrin
trans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
lndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
0%
Surface
Padding
Under Pad
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 26. Pesticide residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8, sample B.
88
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4.4 Analysis of Residual Dust in Emptied Vacuum Cleaner Bags
The weight of deeply embedded dust collected from carpets with the Hoover
Dirtfinder vacuum cleaner was determined by weighing the paper bag before and after
sampling. The weight of the dust determined by SwRI after carefully removing as much
material as possible from the bag was consistently lower than that determined by
ManTech. Presumably, a substantial portion of the collected dust mass passed through
the inner wall of the vacuum cleaner bag and was retained between its inner and outer
walls. This residual dust must have a very small particle diameter and, as indicated by the
results of our earlier size-fractionated dust study, would presumably have a higher
concentration of the target analytes present in the bulk dust sample removed from the bag.
In order to test this hypothesis, four of the emptied vacuum bags were extracted in total,
and the extracts were analyzed for the neutral target analytes. The gravimetric analysis
data presented in Table 33, along with the percentage of fine (<150 urn) dust represented
in the HVS3 screening samples, was used to select the four candidate samples for
analysis. This test was performed after the study was well under way, and unfortunately,
four of the "best" empty bag samples (from homes 3 and 4) were already discarded, their
contents having been removed and analyzed earlier. Of the remaining samples, samples
A and B from home 1, sample B from home 5, and sample A from home 7 were selected
and analyzed.
The results of those analyses are presented for all four samples in Table 34. The
results for each sample are presented in terms of the residue concentration in the dust
sample (ug/g) and in terms of the residue concentration in the carpet area sampled
(ug/m2). In Table 35 the residue dust concentrations for the residual dust samples are
compared to the dust concentrations reported earlier for the bulk deep dust samples
removed from the vacuum bags. These data show that our hypothesis concerning the
expected higher concentrations of pesticide residues in the residual dust was correct. In
most cases the target analyte concentrations in the residual dust were about tenfold higher
than those in the bulk dust sample. In some cases the ratios were greater than 50 to 1. For
the 12 vacuum bag samples analyzed in this study, the average mass of residual dust not
recovered from the bag represented 24.5% of the total mass determined by difference.
This value will vary considerably, of course, depending on the mass of the dust sample
collected in the bag. The impact of this unrecovered fraction is, however, magnified
because of the generally much higher concentrations found in the lower particle size dust
samples. For the four samples that had their empty vacuum bags analyzed, the carpet
sample concentrations (ug/m2) of the deeply embedded dust were examined for five
representative target analytes. The mean percentage of the deep dust sample fractions
represented by the residual or "lost" dust fraction was 84% for gamma-chlordane, 82% for
chlorpyrifos, 64% for c/s-permethrin, 61% for frans-permethrin, and 75% for
o-phenylphenol. While these numbers are quite significant with respect to the accuracy
of the representation of the pesticide residue concentrations in the deep dust sample
89
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fractions reported in this study, the overall impact is minimal with respect to the total carpet
residue concentrations reported.
Table 33. Gravimetric Analysis Results for Deeply Embedded Dust Collected in Vacuum Bags
Deep Dust Mass (g)
Dust Lost in Bag
% Fine (<150 urn) Dust
House #-Sample ID
1-PA03
1-PB03
2-PA03
2-PB03
3-PA03
3-PB03
4-PA03
4-PB03
5-PA03
5-PB03
6-PA03
6-PB03
7-PA03
7-PB03
8-PA03
8-PB03
ManTech
28.4
15.5
11.0
12.5
9.1
0.8
150.7
49.3
11.9
7.5
86.5
7.6
8.4
14.7
366.9
217.2
SwRI
23.95
12.03
na
na
5.495
0.104
120.0
33.4
10.35
5.74
na
na
6.81
12.74
354.89
207.74
Mass (g)
4.45
3.47
3.605
0.696
30.7
15.9
1.55
1.76
1.59
1.96
12.01
9.46
% of Total
15.7%
22.4%
39.6%
87.0%
20.4%
32.3%
13.0%
23.5%
18.9%
13.3%
3.3%
4.4%
in HVS3 sample fraction
85.5%
45.1%
88.7%
93.2%
60.2%
71.9%
39.7%
62.0%
90
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Table 34. Emptied Vacuum Bag Analysis Results—Residual Deep Dust Sample Concentrations
Sample Concentrations per Unit Mass (pg/g) and per Unit Carpet Area (pg/m2
Sample ID:
Sample Wt. (g):
Concentration Units:
Alachlor
Aldrin
Atrazine
Bendiocarb
Carbaryl
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
Chlorpyrifos
001-PA03
4,
(pg/g)
0.56
3.00
0.15
0.38
113.43
.45
(pg/m2)
2.48
13.36
0.68
1.68
504.75
001-PB03 005-PB03
3.
(pg/g)
1.26
0.21
0.39
47.16
,47 1.76
(|jg/m2) (|jg/g) (pg/m2)
4.37
0.73 0.80 1.40
1.36 2.03 3.58
163.65 113.41 199.60
007-PA03
1.59
(|jg/g) (pg/m2)
1.91 3.04
0.78 1.25
1.08 1.73
95.00 151.05
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin
frans-Permethrin
o-Phenylphenol
Propoxur
Benz/a/anthracene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/ftyfluoranthene
Benzo/g/7//perylene
Benzo/a]pyrene
Chrysene
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/X2,3-cd/pyrene
PCB 105: 2,3,3',4,4'
PCB 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCB 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCB 153: 2,2',4,4',5,5'
PCB 170:
PCB 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
1023.20
995.06
7.30
2.75
0.78
0.20
4553.25
4428.00
32.47
12.24
3.48
0.91
298.34
440.99
18.41
3.64
1.08
0.44
0.10
0.21
1035.25
1530.25
63.88
12.64
3.73
1.53
0.35
0.74
0.15
0.27
60.33
93.19
17.77
2.04
2.47
1.96
0.99
2.52
2.13
95.93
148.18
28.25
3.25
3.92
3.12
1.57
4.01
3.38
0.16
1.44
0.25
2.28
91
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Table 35. Comparison of Vacuum Bag Residual Dust Concentrations to Bulk Deep Dust Levels
Residual and Bulk Deep Dust Sample Concentrations per Unit Mass (ug/g)
Sample ID: 001-PA03 001-PB03 005-PB03
Sample Fraction: Residual Bulk Residual Bulk Residual Bulk
Sample Wt. (g): 4.45 23.95 3.47 12.03 1.76 5.74
Alachlor
Aldrin 0.32 1.26 0.39
Atrazine
Bendiocarb 0.56 0.46
Carbaryl 3.00 1.42
alpha-Chlordane 0.15 0.21 0.80
gamma-Chlordane 0.38 0.39 2.03
Chlorpyrifos 113.43 11.75 47.16 4.03 113.41
Dacthal
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicofol 0.26 0.19
Dieldrin 0.36 0.36
Heptachlor
Lindane
Malathion
Methoxychlor
c/s-Permethrin 1023.20 75.39 298.34 33.27
frans-Permethrin 995.06 129.43 440.99 53.50
o-Phenylphenol 7.30 0.91 18.41 0.29
Propoxur 2.75 1.02 3.64 0.50
Benz/a/anthracene 0.07
Benzo/fcyfluoranthene 0.78 1.08 0.06
Benzo/fr/fluoranthene 0.44 0.06
Benzo/g/7//perylene 0.10 0.06
Benzo/a]pyrene 0.20 0.08 0.21 0.10
Chrysene 0.05 0.08
Coronene
Dibenz/a,/77anthracene
Dibenzo/a,e7pyrene
lndeno/"-/,2,3-cd/pyrene 0.05 0.15
PCS 105: 2,3,3',4,41
PCS 126: 3,3',4,4',5
PCS 138: 2,2',3,4,4',5'
PCS 153: 2,2', A, A', 5,5'
PCS 170: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5
PCS 180: 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'
0.06
0.15
0.25
0.23
0.13
0.22
0.10
0.12
0.04
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.05
007-PA03
Residual Bulk
1.59 6.81
1.91
0.78
1.08
95.00
60.33
93.19
17.77
2.04
2.47
1.96
0.99
2.52
2.13
0.16
1.44
0.30
0.12
0.13
0.87
0.39
0.20
8.70
10.31
1.04
1.11
2.14
1.44
1.14
1.24
2.04
0.23
0.22
0.22
1.27
92
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4.5 Results of Acidic Pesticide Analyses for Deeply Embedded Dust Screening
Samples
Using newly developed procedures for the extraction and derivatization of acid
herbicides and phenols, a sample of the deeply embedded dust from the carpet sample
nearest the outside entrance for each of the eight test homes was analyzed for screening
purposes. The target list used for these analyses included four acid herbicides and penta-
chlorophenol. In addition to the sample unknowns and solvent blanks, a solvent matrix
spike and a household dust sample matrix spike were also prepared and analyzed by the
laboratory staff. All samples were spiked prior to extraction with the surrogate compound,
3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
The results of the screening analyses of the deeply embedded dust samples for
each of the eight test homes and the corresponding surrogate recovery percentages for
each analysis are presented in Table 36. All results have been reduced to yield sample
concentrations in terms of mass per unit area, that is, micrograms per square meter.
Table 36. Deeply Embedded Dust Screening Sample Results for Acid Herbicides and Phenols
Carpet Sample Concentrations (uci/m2)
Test Home
Sample
Sample Wt.
ID:
ID:
(9):
1
1-PA03
28.4
2
2-PA03
11.0
3
3-PA03
9.1
4
4-PA03
150.7
5
5-PA03
11.9
6
6-PA03
86.5
7
7-PA03
8.4
8
8-PA03
366.9
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
1.9
53.6
88.6
17.7
1.3
1.4 119.1
56.1
Surrogate1 Recovery
92%
103%
94%
92%
101%
99%
98% 77%
13,5-Dichlorobenzoic acid
A solvent blank and a 2-g aliquot of the 4-PA03 dust sample were spiked with
approximately 5 ug each of the target analytes. The results for these samples and those
for analysis of the normal laboratory solvent blank, along with the corresponding surrogate
recovery percentages for each analysis, are presented in Table 37. All results have been
reduced to yield sample concentrations in terms of total mass per sample, that is, total
micrograms per 20 ml extract.
93
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Table 37. Solvent Blank and Matrix Spike Sample Results for Acid Herbicides and Phenols
Sample Concentrations (|jg/extract)
Sample ID:
Sample Type:
Extract Volume (ml_):
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-1
Pentachlorophenol
Surrogate1 Recovery
Solvent
Blank
20.0
Results
<0.231
<0.441
<0.231
<0.451
<0.259
95%
Solvent
Matrix Spike
Results
2.010
2.214
3.056
2.962
3.534
84%
20.0
% Recovery
41
45
61
58
71
4-PA03 Dust
Matrix
20
Results
2.066
2.644
4.186
3.552
3.712
87%
Spike
.0
% Recovery
42
53
69
69
51
13,5-Dichlorobenzoic acid
The surrogate recovery results for these analyses ranged from 77% to 103%. The matrix
spike sample recovery results showed that the dust sample spike recoveries compared
favorably to the recoveries for the solvent spike, indicating that the dust sample matrix did
not interfere with the analytical method.
4.6 Analysis Results for Acidic Pesticides and Phenols in Residential Carpets
Based on the results of the screening sample analyses, homes 4 and 8 were
selected for analysis of all available sample fractions for acid herbicides and
pentachlorophenol. The surface-dislodgeable sample fraction (PUF roller method) was not
available for analysis as the entire sample is required for extraction, and all of those
samples were extracted for neutral pesticides analysis. The complete sample analysis
results for these two test homes are presented in the following sections. The results of the
laboratory analyses were reported in terms of micrograms of target analyte detected per
gram of sample extracted. By using the known total weight of each sample fraction
submitted for analysis, the sample concentration relative to the total 1-m2 area of carpet
sampled was calculated. Conversion factors for each sample fraction were applied
accordingly and are based on the relationship of the area covered during the collection of
each sample fraction relative to the total area of the carpet sample tested.
Tables of data are presented that show the reduced sample concentrations in terms
of micrograms per square meter for six sample fractions for both the A and B sample
sections for each home. A graphical representation of this data is also presented to show
the comparison of the two different sample areas tested in terms of the total sample
concentrations for each target analyte. The total sample concentration in this case is
94
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defined as the sum of the individual contributions of each of the six sample fractions for
a given test carpet area.
Tables of data are also presented that show the relative distribution of acid
herbicide and phenol residues from each carpet area tested in terms of the percent
contribution of each sample fraction to the total sample concentration. These data are also
presented graphically.
4.6.1 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 4
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a ranch-style home located in a rural area of Durham County, NC. This
test site was described and a representation of the floor plan of the home was presented
in section 4.3.4.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for acid
herbicides and pentachlorophenol for six of the seven sample fractions collected from each
of two carpet sections in test home 4 are presented in Tables 38 and 39. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 27. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 40 and 41, and
the same data are presented graphically in Figures 28 and 29.
95
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Table 38. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 4, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (uq/m2)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 27.26 150.7 15.3 57.2 7_8 1.8 Sample A
Dicamba 8.72 8.7
MCPA
2,4-D 22.26 53.6 197.6 678.1 59.1 1010.7
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 49.95 88.6 2946.6 1972.0 1371.3 2.6 6431.1
Table 39. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 4, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (uq/m2)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 13.49 49.3 16.6 42.6 5_3 52.6 Sample B
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D 2.45 12.1 111.7 int.1 int.1 5.9 132.2
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 8.65 36.6 3652.9 1228.2 721.9 38.9 5687.1
Imprecise quantitation due to presence of interfering peak
96
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Home #4
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
Sample B
Sample A
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Total Sample Concentration (jjg/m2)
Figure 27. Total acidic residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 4.
97
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Table 40. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 4, Sample A
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 27.26 150.7 15.3 57.2 7_8 1.8 Sample A
Dicamba 100.00 100.0
MCPA
2,4-D 2.20 5.30 19.55 67.09 5.85 100.0
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 0.78 1.38 45.82 30.66 21.32 0.04 100.0
Table 41. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 4, Sample B
Test Home: Ranch style, in rural area of Durham County, NC Date of Test: 02/13/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 13.49 49.3 16.6 42.6 5_3 52.6 Sample B
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D 1.85 9.18 84.49 4.48 100.0
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 0.15 0.64 64.23 21.60 12.69 0.68 100.0
98
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Home #4, Sample A
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Padding
nder Pad
0%
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
100%
Figure 28. Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4, sample A.
Home #4, Sample B
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
0%
20% 40% 60% 80%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
Vacuum
Deep Dust
Binder
Padding
] | Under Pad
100%
Figure 29. Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 4, sample B.
99
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4.6.2 Results of Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis for Test Home 8
The following tables and figures present the reduced analytical data for tests that
were conducted at a split-level-style home located in Raleigh, NC. This test site was
described and a representation of the floor plan of the home was presented in section
4.3.8.
The analytical results in terms of target analyte concentration per unit area for acid
herbicides and pentachlorophenol for six of the seven sample fractions collected from each
of two carpet sections in test home 8 are presented in Tables 42 and 43. The total sample
concentration results for each target analyte for both sample A and sample B are
presented graphically in Figure 30. The sample results are also presented in terms of the
percentage contribution of each individual sample fraction to the total sample
concentration for each target analyte. Those results are shown in Tables 44 and 45, and
the same data are presented graphically in Figures 31 and 32.
100
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Table 42. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 8, Sample A
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (uq/m2)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 33.04 366.9 22.3 56.3 42.6 3.1 Sample A
Dicamba
MCPA 143.1 143.1
2,4-D 12.51 119.2 143.4 66.0 198.6 539.8
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 19.33 56.1 128.2 565.8 627.1 0.9 1397.3
Table 43. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residue Concentrations for Home 8, Sample B
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Analysis Results (uq/m2)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 16.95 217.2 24.2 61.4 42.8 1.2 Sample B
Dicamba 65.8 65.8
MCPA
2,4-D 5.35 130.8 54.9 118.5 142.3 451.8
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 11.22 305.2 126.2 390.0 2025.6 1.0 2859.3
101
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Home #8
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
Sample B
SampleA
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Total Sample Concentration (|jg/m2)
Figure 30. Total acidic residue concentrations for samples A and B for test home 8.
102
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Table 44. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 8, Sample A
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 33.04 366.9 22.3 56.3 42.6 3.1 Sample A
Dicamba
MCPA 100.00 100.0
2,4-D 2.32 22.09 26.57 12.23 36.80 100.0
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 1.38 4.02 9.17 40.49 44.87 0.06 100.0
Table 45. In-Home Carpet Test Results—Acidic Residues % Distribution for Home 8, Sample B
Test Home: Split-level style, located in Raleigh, NC Date of Test: 05/12/98
Carpet Sample Fraction Residues—Percentage Distribution (%)
Sample Fraction: Vacuum Deep Dust Fibers Binder Padding Under Pad Totals
Sample ID: 004-PA02 004-PA03 004-PA04 004-PA05 004-PA06 004-PA07 for
Sample Wt. (g): 16.95 217.2 24.2 61.4 42.8 1.2 Sample B
Dicamba 100.00 100.0
MCPA
2,4-D 1.18 28.94 12.16 26.23 31.49 100.0
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol 0.39 10.67 4.41 13.64 70.84 0.03 100.0
103
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Home #8, Sample A
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
II II
1 III
Vacuum
Deep
Dust
Fibers
Binder
Padding
Under Pad
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
Figure 31. Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8, sample A.
Home #8, Sample B
Dicamba
MCPA
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
Pentachlorophenol
Deep Dust
rs
mder
Padding
nder Pad
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Pesticide Distribution (% of Total)
Figure 32. Acidic residue distribution in carpet sample fractions—home 8, sample B.
104
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4.7 Ambient Temperature and % Relative Humidity Data Records from Tests
Performed
A summary of all recorded data for ambient temperature and relative humidity
readings that were taken during the eight testing periods is presented in Table 46. In
general, outdoor measurements were made once at the beginning of the approximately 4-h
testing period and once again at the conclusion of the period. Indoor measurements were
generally made at the beginning and end of the collection procedures performed for each
of the two carpet areas tested. A general statement of the weather conditions prevailing
at the time of the testing was also recorded on the data sheets and is summarized in the
table, as well.
Table 46. Indoor and Outdoor Atmospheric Conditions During Test Home Sampling Periods
Home ID: 1 2345678
Sample ID: A BABABABABABABAB
Indoor Temperature Reading (°F)
1 71 71 68 68
2 71 71 68
3 71 68
4 70 70 68 68
67
70
72
71
73
73
72
66
67
67
66
67
68
67
69
69
70
70
70
70
71
68
72
73
73
75
75
70
72
72
71
71
71
73
73
66
72
72
66
70
71
72
71
Average: 71 71 68
Indoor % Relative Humidity
1 45 45 47
2 45 46 47
3 47 44
4 42 41 44
Average: 44 45 46
Outdoor Temperature Reading (°F)
1 57 66 40
2 66 64
Average: 62 65 40
Outdoor % Relative Humidity
1 49 37 41
2 37 36
Average: 43 37 41
68
46
47
47
58
58
35
35
70
47
47
44
46
50
50
74
74
72
50
45
43
42
45
53
52
52
50
55
53
66
48
48
47
48
52
52
40
40
67
53
51
49
49
51
50
55
52
45
39
42
69
47
43
43
44
47
47
52
52
70
42
44
43
42
43
53
55
54
37
35
36
71
37
41
38
39
54
54
37
37
74
40
39
39
39
54
53
54
42
38
40
71
52
46
47
48
48
58
58
49
49
72
49
48
46
46
47
62
61
61
47
55
51
69
69
62
62
68
62
66
66
65
65
71
66
62
63
61
63
69
65
67
68
73
71
Weather Conditions:
Sunny, clear, Sunny, clear, Rainy, windy, Partly cloudy, Overcast to Cloudy, cool Overcast, cool Overcast to
cool cold cool cool partly sunny, cloudy, cool
cool
105
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4.8 Homeowner-Reported Residential Pesticide Application History
Based on responses to the questionnaire that was used to evaluate all potential
candidates for participation in this study, the following summary of pesticide usage at each
of the eight test homes was prepared.
Table 47. Summary History of Pesticide Use in Test Homes as Reported by Owners
Homeowner responses to questionnaire ("X" = positive response)
Test Home ID:
1
INSIDE HOME USE
Insecticides XXXXXXXX
Yearly Applications1
One Time X X
Several Times X XXX
Regular Basis XX XX
Applicator
Professional X XXX
Occupant XX XXX
OUTSIDE HOME USE
Herbicides
Fungicides
Insecticides
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Yearly Applications
One Time
Several Times
Regular Basis
Applicator
Professional
Occupant
XX X
XX X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1Multiple responses indicate references to use of more than one pesticide formulation.
106
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Section 5
References
ASTM (1999a). D 6333. Standard practice for col lection of dislodgeable pesticide residues
from floors. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.03: West Conshohoken, PA:
American Society for Testing and Materials, 869-873.
ASTM (1999b). D 5438. Standard practice for collection of floor dust for chemical analysis.
Ibid., 509-515.
Camann, D.E., Harding, H.J., Geno, P.W., and Agrawal, S.R. (1996). Comparison of
methods to determine dislodgeable residue transfer from floors. EPA/600/R-96/089, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Fortune, C.R. (1997). Round-robin testing of methods for collecting dislodgeable residues
from carpets. EPA/600/R-97/119, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Lewis, R.G., Fortmann, R.C., Camann, D.E. (1994). Evaluation of methods for monitoring
the potential exposure of small children to pesticides in the residential environment. Arch.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:37-46.
Lewis, R.G., Fortune, C.R., Willis, R.D., Camann, D.E., and Antley, J.T. (1999).
Distribution of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in house dust as a function
of particle size. Environ. Health Perspect. 107:721-726.
107
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Appendix
1. Flyer posted in prominent locations
2. Study information sheet
3. Two-page questionnaire
4. Three-page data sheet for test samples
108
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NOTICE
VOLUNTEERS NEEDED
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc. is conducting a
study for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate the
potential for human exposure to pesticide residues in carpets.
Asmallnumberof local residences whose owners are planning
to have household carpeting replaced in the near future will be
selected for testing. The tests will be performed during a 3 to 6 hour
period on a single day prior to the removal of the old carpet and
padding.
Homeowners who are selected to participate in the study will
receive a gratuity of $100 for their participation.
If you, or someone you know, are interested in becoming a
volunteer in this important study, please contact Mr. Chris Fortune
at 541-3960 in the Research Triangle Park to receive further
information.
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INFORMATION SHEET
U.S. EPA STUDY OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN USED RESIDENTIAL CARPETS
Background: Over time, pesticides used in and around the home may accumulate in carpets. The
availability of these pesticide residues for human exposure is not adequately understood. A complete
analysis of aged carpets that have been exposed to pesticides is necessary to better understand the
distribution and fate of residues and the potential for human exposure.
Volunteers: The U.S. EPA is currently seeking volunteers who are planning to remove used carpeting and
padding from their homes. Ideally, the homes that will be selected for use in this study will be ones that have
older, well-used carpets, and where pesticides have been used during the life of the carpeting. The pesticide
use might have included indoor use of foggers or spray insecticides, outdoor use of lawn and garden
treatments with pesticides, or both. The testing that will be performed in each home will involve cutting out
samples of the carpet and padding, hence the requirement that the homeowner plans to dispose of the used
carpet following the testing.
The work required to perform the testing of a single home will be conducted all on one day at a pre-
arranged time and date that is convenient to the homeowner. The testing will require from three to six hours
to complete, and all volunteers who are accepted for participation in this study will receive a stipend of
$100.00 for their cooperation.
Test Samples: Two sample sets will be collected from each home, one near the most often used entrance,
and one in an interior living area. Each test sample will consist of seven (7) separate fractions: surface-
dislodgeable residues; vacuum-dislodgeable residues; deeply embedded dust; residues contained in the
carpet fibers, binder, padding, and in deposits beneath the carpet padding. Each fraction will be analyzed
for pesticide content, and the data will be used to determine the percentage contribution of each fraction to
the total pesticide content.
Interested? Participants will be selected primarily from responses to a written questionnaire that all potential
volunteers will be asked to complete. The results and findings of the study may be reported in published
technical reports at some later time, but all results will be reported anonymously to protect the privacy of all
volunteer subjects. Interested test subjects will receive copies of the published study results, where, for
instance, the data from their carpet tests may be referred to as "Test Home #3".
How to Apply: Contact the study coordinator, Mr. Chris Fortune of ManTech Environmental Technology,
Inc. in Research Triangle Park (Tel: 919-541-3960). You will be asked to complete a questionnaire form by
filling in the requested information as completely as possible. After completing the questionnaire, return it
to the study coordinator. The information you provide will be reviewed immediately, and you will then be
contacted to discuss your participation in the study. All information provided by homeowners will be
maintained in the strictest confidence to protect their privacy.
NOTE: If you think that you may be interested in participating as a volunteer in this study, please
refrain from vacuuming or cleaning the carpets you are planning to replace before you are contacted
by the study coordinator. It is important that the test homes have carpets that have not been cleaned
or vacuumed recently. Thank you very much for your time and interest.
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RESIDENTIAL CARPET PESTICIDE RESIDUE STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE
Homeowner Information:
Name
Address
Daytime Telephone No.
Number of
Occupants
Adults:
Children:
Years lived at this address?
Approximate date you are planning to
remove old carpets?
No
Do you have any pets? Yes
Yes No Indicate below the number of each type of pet.
If yes, are any of your pets allowed inside of your house?
Dogs:
Cats:
Other (list):
House Information:
What is the approximate age of your home?
Building Style: 1 Story 2 Story
Basement? Yes No
Other
heck below each room of your home that is carpeted now and will have its carpeting removed during the current
renovation:
Foyer (entrance)
Kitchen
Dining Room
Family Room
Den or Study
Master Bedroom
Living Room
Other Bedrooms
)heck the type of carpet(s) that you are going to have removed (more than one is possible):
Plush
Level-loop
Flat
Multilevel
Shag
(Not Sure)
What is the approximate age of the carpets being removed?
What type of vacuum cleaner do you use?
About when was the last time your old carpets were cleaned or vacuumed?
Household Pesticide Use Information: (Indoor Applications)
Please check all boxes below that apply concerning the past use of pesticides inside your home by you, another
resident of your home, or a professional exterminator that you are personnally aware of. Check here if no
pesticides are used inside your home .
Applicator
Pesticides Used Inside Home
How Often Used In a Year?
Occupant
Professional
(The pesticides listed below may include sprays,
bombs, powders, crystals, etc.)
One
Time
Several
Times
Regular
Basis
Insecticides for flea control
Insecticides for crawling or flying insects
Rodenticides for mice or rats
Other (list):
List the approximate date of the most recent use of pesticides in your home
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RESIDENTIAL CARPET PESTICIDE RESIDUE STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE
(Continued)
Household Pesticide Use Information: (Outdoor Applications)
°lease check all boxes below that apply concerning the past use of pesticides outside your home by
/ou, another resident of your home, or a professional exterminator that you are personnally aware of.
Dheck here if no pesticides are used outside your home .
Applicator
Pesticides Used Outside Home
How Often Used In a Year?
Decupant
Professional
(The pesticides listed below may include
sprays, bombs, powders, liquids, etc.)
One
Time
Several
Times
Regular
Basis
Herbicides (weedkillers) for lawn & garden
Fungicides for treatment of diseased lawn
Insecticides for fleas, termites, etc.
Other (list):
_ist the approximate date of the most recent use of pesticides outside your home
Please use this space to write any comments or notes you may wish to make:
REMINDER! If you think that you may be interested in participating as a volunteer in this study,
please refrain from vacuuming or cleaning the carpets you are planning to replace before you are
contacted by the study coordinator. It is important that the test homes have carpets that have not
been cleaned or vacuumed recently. (It is OK to clean any upstairs room or any bedroom as these
rooms will not be used for this study).
The information you provide on this form will be reviewed immediately after it is received by us
and will be treated in a strictly confidential manner. You will be contacted very soon thereafter to
discuss your participation in the study. If you have any problems or questions concerning the
completion of this questionnaire, you may contact the study coordinator, Mr. Chris Fortune, at
elephone number 919-541-3960; Address: ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., P.O. Box
12313, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
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IN-HOME USED CARPET TEST DATA FORM
Page 1
TEST HOME NO..
TEST DATE
SAMPLE LOCATION
OUTDOOR TEMP/HUMIDITY
%RH @.
GENERAL WEATHER CONDITIONS
TYPE OF CARPET: Plush Level Loop Multilevel Shag Other
Carpet %Moisture Check
Time of Day
#Test
Points
Average
Value
High
Value
1. SURFACE DISLODGEABLE RESIDUE SAMPLE (PUF ROLLER METHOD)
Sample ID No.
Time of Day
Temperature
Relative Humidity
DRS97A-
Comments
2. VACUUM DISLODGEABLE RESIDUE SAMPLE (HVS3 SAMPLER)
Sample area
m2
No. passes per strip.
No. strips
Sampler flow check? Yes No Sampler cleaned? Yes No
Flow Ap
_" H2O Nozzle Ap.
_" H2O Total sample time
mm
Sample ID No.
Time of Day
Temperature
Relative Humidity
DRS97A-
Bottle final weight.
_g Tare weight.
_g Net weight.
Comments Using Teflon bottle #
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IN-HOME USED CARPET TEST DATA FORM
Page 2
3. DEEPLY EMBEDDED DUST SAMPLE (HOOVER POWER DRIVE VACUUM)
Vacuum cleaned before use? Yes No Vacuum bag identification number
Target coverage with vacuum =128 passes per m2. Number of passes this test /m2
"Dirt Finder" setting used Med Hi Total sampling time min
Red light "on" ? at Start Yes No at End Yes No
Approximate total number of passes completed before green light is "on"
Sample ID No.
DRS97A-
Time of Day
Temperature
°F
Relative Humidity
%
Bag final weight.
_g Bag tare weight
_g Dust sample weight
Comments
4. CARPET FIBERS SAMPLE
5. CARPET BINDER SAMPLE
(from 3-inch diameter plugs cut from vacuumed carpet sample)
Sample Collection:
Return the test carpet sections to the laboratory.
Cut 4-6 plugs from the carpet sample. Indicate the
approximate location of the test plugs removed by filling
in those areas on the schematic drawing on the right.
No. of plugs collected
Date
Time
Remove the carpet fibers from each plug using a razor knife. Combine all fibers in a single sample
container and do the same for the carpet binder samples. This action was performed by:
Operator
Date
Time
Fiber Sample ID: DRS97A-_
Binder Sample ID: DRS97A-_
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IN-HOME USED CARPET TEST DATA FORM Page 3
Comments: (on carpet fiber and binder sample collection)
Fibers sample net wt. (Gross wt. - Tare wt.
Binder sample net wt.
6. CARPET PADDING SAMPLE (3-INCH DIAMETER PLUGS CUT FROM FOAM PAD)
Sample Collection:
Cut 4-6 plugs from the carpet padding in the same locations that the carpet test plugs were cut
(the padding samples may be cut at the same time that the carpet test plugs are cut by aligning the
pad properly beneath the test carpet sample during the cutting operation). Describe the procedure
used to collect these samples:
Procedure:
Sample ID: DRS97A- - - Collected by: Time:
Comments:
Carpet padding sample net wt.
7. RESIDUE UNDER PADDING SAMPLE (FROM SUB-FLOOR SURFACE BELOW PAD)
Describe the residue found and give details of the procedure used to collect the sample:
Residue sample net wt. (Gross wt. - Tare wt.
Sample ID: DRS97A- - - Collected by: Time:
Final Temperature
and Relative Humidity
Readings
Indoor:
°F
%RH
Time
Outdoor:
°F
%RH
Time
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