ENERGY STAR® and Other
Climate Protection Partnerships
ENERGYSTAR 2010 Annual Report
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS
2010 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Letter from the Administrator 1
Executive Summary 2
Highlights of 2010 4
ENERGY STAR Overview 8
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products 13
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector 19
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector 23
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector 27
Climate Leaders 30
Clean Energy Supply Programs 32
Green Power Partnership 33
Combined Heat and Power Partnership 34
State and Local Programs and Initiatives 36
State Climate and Energy Program 37
Local Climate and Energy Program 37
Clean Energy and Utility Policy Programs 38
Methane Programs 39
Natural Gas STAR Program 40
AgSTAR Program 42
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program 43
Landfill Methane Outreach Program 44
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs 47
Demonstrating Progress 53
List of Figures 59
List of Tables 60
References 61
For information, please visit our programs atwww.epa.gov/cppd, www.energystar.gov, www.epa.gov/greenpower, www.epa.gov/chp, www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal/index.htm,
www.epa.gov/methane, and www.epa.gov/highgwp.
NOTE: The data source for all figures and tables in this 2010 Annual Report is EPA's Climate Protection Partnership Programs unless otherwise noted. Historical totals have been updated based on the
most recent available data.
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LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
December 2011
Global challenges like climate change demand strong partnerships and innovative solutions. For more than
18 years, EPA has partnered with organizations across America to help deliver those innovative, cost-effective
solutions and fight against climate change.
Through cutting-edge investments in energy-efficient and clean energy technologies and practices, EPA's
ENERGY STAR and climate protection partners are tackling the challenges of climate change while improving
our health and strengthening our economy. The 2010 accomplishments include:
• Americans saved $20 billion in 2010 on their utility bills with the help of ENERGY STAR, and prevented
the equivalent of greenhouse gas emissions from 38 million vehicles.
• Since the Green Power Partnership was introduced in 2001, more than 1,300 organizations have
committed to use more than 18 billion kilowatt-hours of green power each year.
• More than 400 partners have installed over 5,000 megawatts of new combined heat and power since
the Combined Heat and Power Partnership launched in 2001.
• Through its partnerships in 2010, EPA's methane and fluorinated greenhouse gas programs used EPA
tools and resources to avoid the equivalent of emissions from more than 24 million vehicles.
EPA's ENERGY STAR and climate protection partners are saving consumers money, while improving our health
and securing lasting prosperity. EPA will continue to build on the success of these partnerships to address
climate change through comprehensive, common-sense solutions that benefit all Americans and the world.
Sincerely,
Lisa P.Jackson
Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) climate protection partnership programs are taking
bold steps to address climate change, one of our nation's most pressing environmental problems. For the
past 18 years, these partnerships have implemented practical, proven, cost-effective solutions for reducing
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with outstanding environmental and financial success. However,
certain market barriers persist and continue to limit the widespread investment in and adoption of energy
efficiency, clean energy supply options, and other climate-friendly policies and technologies (see Table 1).
EPA's partnership programs work to dismantle those barriers across the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors by developing tools, offering technical assistance, and sharing best practices. That
support combined with voluntary standards, objective information, and public recognition has consolidated
EPA's partnership programs as valuable resources for the many households, businesses, and organizations
ready to change the way they use energy.
Strong results for 2010 continued the programs' impressive achievements of the past 18 years.1 More
than 23,000 partners across the country have joined EPA in its efforts to reduce GHG emissions. Together,
EPA's partners and millions of American consumers have realized significant environmental and economic
benefits (see Table 2, p. 5):
• Preventing more than 345 million metric tons (in MMTC02e)2 of GHG emissions—equivalent to the
emissions from 81 million vehicles (see Figure 4, p. 6)—with net savings to consumers and businesses of
about $21 billion in 2010 alone.
• Preventing more than 5,400 MMTC02e of GHG emissions cumulatively and providing net savings to
consumers and businesses of more than $314 billion over the lifetime of their investments.
• Investing about $102 billion in energy-efficient, climate-friendly technologies.
' This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions attributable to
WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be about 470 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent IMMTC02e) in 2010.
'All reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions are reported in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent IMMTCOf).
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
AUDIENCE OR
TARGET MARKET MARKET BARRIERS ADDRESSED
Energy
Consumers
Utilities
Industries with
High Global
Warming
Potential (GWP)
State and Local
Policy and
Decisionmakers
Lack of information about energy efficiency
and renewable energy options
Competing claims in the marketplace
Lack of objective measurement tools
High transaction costs
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Split incentives
Perceptions of organizational risks
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
Lack of objective measurement tools
Lack of information about energy efficency
program costs and benefits
Disincentives for energy efficiency in
existing regulations and energy
planning processes
Lack of objective measurement tools
High investment costs
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
Lack of information about clean energy
policies
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
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"Includes utilities.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
Highlights of 2010
Promoting Energy Efficiency Through
ENERGY STAR®
Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR program has served as
a trusted source for voluntary standards and unbiased
information to help consumers and organizations across the
country adopt energy-efficient products and practices as
cost-effective strategies for reducing GHGs and protecting
our climate. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA continues
to promote energy efficiency across the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors (see Figure 2). In 2010,
EPA's ENERGY STAR efforts helped Americans:
• Save more than 240 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)—about
5 percent of U.S. electricity demand.
• Prevent 195 million metric tons of GHGs—equivalent to
the annual emissions from 38 million vehicles.
• Save more than $20 billion on their energy bills.
These benefits are more than three times those in 2000 (see
Figure 1). Additional ENERGY STAR program highlights, with
notable achievements for 2010 and cumulatively, include:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products
• More than 40,000 individual product models, produced
by over 1,600 manufacturing partners, have earned the
ENERGY STAR across more than 60 product categories.
• Americans purchased some 200 million ENERGY STAR
qualified products in 2010, bringing the total to about
3.5 billion since 2000.3
• EPA finalized third-party certification and enhanced
product testing and verification procedures.
New Home Construction
• More than 126,000 ENERGY STAR qualified new homes
were constructed in 2010 alone—representing over
25 percent of housing starts in the United States. Since
the program's launch, nearly 1.2 million homes have been
built to ENERGY STAR guidelines.
Home Improvement
• Over 35,000 existing homes were retrofitted through Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR in 2010—for a total of
more than 110,000 retrofits—with the help of more than
1,300 participating contractors across some 30 markets.
Commercial Buildings
• More than 6,200 buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in
2010 for a cumulative total of over 12,600 buildings—
representing in excess of 2 billion square feet of U.S.
building space.
• Over 200,000 buildings, representing more than 18 billion
square feet of space and more than 25 percent of the
total market, were assessed for energy efficiency using
Portfolio Manager, EPA's ENERGY STAR measurement and
tracking tool.
Industrial Sector
• After nearly a decade of energy efficiency work
with the cement sector, EPA re-benchmarked the
energy performance of U.S. cement plants, revealing
dramatic improvements in energy efficiency across the
industry, which included a 13-percent improvement in
energy intensity.
FIGURE 1. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR Benefits Have More Than Tripled
-249-
Ml
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Energy Saved (Billion kWh)
27
24
19
14
12
ii
iillllllll
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Emissions Saved in Vehicle Equivalents (Millions)
3 Does not include purchases of compact fluorescent bulbs.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recognizing Corporate Environmental Leadership
Partners in EPA's Climate Leaders program are Fortune
500 and other leading corporations that have committed to
aggressively reducing their GHG emissions. In 2010, nine
additional partners achieved Climate Leaders GHG reduction
goals, and 32 partners announced new corporate GHG
reduction goals. During 9 years of activity, the Climate Leaders
program achieved a number of significant milestones while
working to reduce GHG emissions. In 2010, EPA announced
the program would phase down the services offered in the
coming year with an official end date for the program of
September 30,2011.
Transforming the Clean Energy Marketplace
EPA's Clean Energy Supply programs—the Green Power
Partnership and the Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Partnership—are designed to increase the nation's supply
of clean energy and accelerate the adoption of clean energy
supply technologies throughout the United States (see
Figure 3, p. 6). Since 2001, both programs have provided
technical assistance and recognized significant leadership
in end-use efficiency and use of renewable energy. By
engaging over 1,300 partners in the purchase of more than
18 billion kWh of green power annually and 409 partners in
the installation of more than 210 megawatts (MW) of new
CHP capacity, the Clean Energy Supply programs reduced
GHG emissions by 26.4 MMTC02e in 2010 alone.
FIGURE 2. U.S. C02 Emissions by Sector and Non-C02 Gases
by Percent of Total GHGs
Methane
Emissions
Other
Non-C02 Gases
6.7%
Agriculture
1.2% '
Commercial
15.1%
Transportation
26.3%
Residential
17.1%
Industry
23.2%
Source: EPA 2011 b.
TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2010 (in Billions of 2010 Dollars and MMTC02e)
PROGRAM
BENEFITS FOR 2010
CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993-2020
NET SAVINGS
(BILLION $)
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCO,e)
PV OF BILL
SAVINGS
(BILLIONS)
PV OF TECHNOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
(BILLIONS)
PV OF NET
SAVINGS
(BILLIONS)
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCO,e)
ENERGY STAR Total
Qualified Products
and Homes
Buildings
Industry
Clean Energy Programs
Methane Programs
FGHG Programs
TOTAL
$20.3
$11.2
$7.1
$2.0
—
$0.7
—
$21.0
195.8
83.8
81.2
30.8
26.4
71.0
52.0
345.2
$402.1
$195.1
$168.4
$38.6
—
$15.1
—
$417.2
$96.4
$29.7
$57.4
$9.3
N/A
$6.2
N/A
$102.6
$305.7
$165.4
$111.0
$29.3
—
$8.9
—
$314.6
2,980
1,276
1,261
443
393
1,019
1,034
5,426
PV: Present Value
NOTES: Technology Expenditures include O&M expenses for Methane Programs. Bill Savings and Net Savings include revenue from sales of methane and electricity. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. For details on cumulative benefits, see page 53.
—: Not applicable
N/A: Not available
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
Expanding Clean Energy Opportunities for State
and Local Governments
EPA works with state and local governments to overcome
the informational and institutional barriers that can limit
development of energy efficiency and clean energy policies.
In 2010, EPA made important progress assisting state and
local governments in taking advantage of clean energy
funding available through the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).
• EPA introduced a comprehensive website that offers
states and communities information on climate and
energy tools, reporting, and peer exchange opportunities.
• EPA launched the first 25 Climate Showcase Communities
projects and announced the second application period,
with a goal of creating replicable models of sustainable
community action.
• EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) jointly
released the new State and Local Energy Efficiency
Action Network that provides guidance on policies and
practices to bring energy efficiency to scale.
FIGURE 3. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type
Petroleum
Other 1-0%
Hydroelectric
Conventional
6.8%
Renewable*
3.7%
Other
0.6%
Nuclear
20.2%
Coal
44.4%
Natural Gas
23.3%
"Includes wind, photovoltaic energy, solar thermal, geothermal, landfill gas, agricultural
byproducts, wood, and other renewable sources.
Source: EIA 2011.
FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 345 MMTC02e—Equivalent to Emissions From 81 Million Vehicles
Total FGHG Savings
Total CH4 Savings
Total C02 Savings
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
NOTE: For Total FGHG Savings, 2007,2008,2009, and 2010 include savings from GreenChill. 2009 and 2010 also include savings from RAD.
2009
2010
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Reducing Methane Emissions and Recovering an
Energy Resource
Methane (CH4) is both a potent GHG and a highly desirable
clean fuel. EPA's methane programs continued to reduce
emissions—from landfills, agriculture (manure management),
oil and natural gas systems, and coal mines—and to develop
projects to recover and use the methane whenever feasible. In
2010, the programs avoided GHG emissions of 71.0 MMTC02e,
exceeding their reduction goals and maintaining national
methane emissions from these target sources 15 percent
below 1990 levels.
Reducing Fluorinated GHG (FGHG) Emissions
Many of the fluorinated gases—including chloro-
fluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are extremely powerful and
persistent GHGs. Together, these programs avoided
52.0 MMTC02e of GHG emissions in 2010.
Honoring Partner Accomplishments
EPA recognized the accomplishments of many outstanding
partners in its climate protection partnership programs with
the following awards:
• ENERGY STAR Award Winners (see Table 6, p. 12)
• Green Power Leadership Awards (see Table 12, p. 33)
• ENERGY STAR CHP Awards (see Table 14, p. 35)
• Natural Gas STAR Awards (see Table 16, p. 41)
• Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards (see Table 17,
p. 45)
The 2010 Annual Report
EPA's programs continue to advance GHG reduction goals
and deliver greater benefits each year. These benefits can
only grow as more businesses, public sector institutions,
households, and others adopt the practices promoted by the
climate protection partnerships (see Table 3). This annual
report presents detailed information on EPA's 2010 efforts
within each of the partnerships mentioned in this Executive
Summary. Each individual program section includes:
• Program overview and accomplishments.
• Environmental and economic benefits achieved in 2010.
• Summaries of the major tools and resources offered by
the program.
• Goals for the future.
EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program
results and using well-established methods to estimate
the benefits of its climate partnership programs. Specific
approaches vary by program strategy, sector, availability
of data, and market characteristics (these methods are
reviewed in the Demonstrating Progress section of the
report, p. 53). For each program, EPA addresses common
issues that arise when estimating program benefits, such
as data quality, double counting, free-ridership, external
promotion by third parties, and market effects, among
others. The information presented in this annual report is
similar to much of the information used in the U.S. Office
of Management and Budget(OMB) Program Assessment
Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA programs to be
achieving their goals.
TABLE 3. Long-Term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCO e)
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
GOALS
PROGRAM 2010 | 2012
ENERGY STAR
Clean Energy Supply Programs
Methane Programs
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs
Responsible Appliance Disposal*
GreenChill Partnership*
TOTAL
195.8
26.4
71.0
52.0
0.7
2.4
345.2
191
29
66
70
0.3
3.1
356
2015
235
44
73
81
0.5
4.6
433
*The GHGs addressed by RAD and GreenChill includes MFCs. The numbers reflected do not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of
0.9-2.3MMJCO,e.
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ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
ENERGYSTAR
Tough economic times, coupled with volatile energy prices and energy security concerns, have made
cost-effective solutions for reducing energy use and preventing GHG emissions more important than
ever for businesses, consumers, and organizations. Despite being a proven strategy that can protect the
environment while stimulating the economy and creating new jobs, many energy efficiency opportunities
remain. Fortunately, a growing number of Americans across the country are leading by example and
seizing this opportunity to protect the climate and reduce their utility bills by investing in energy-efficient
technologies and practices.
In 1992, EPA launched the ENERGY STAR program. Since thattime this innovative program has overcome
market barriers and advanced the adoption of energy-efficient products, practices, and services across
the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In 1996, DOE joined EPA in supporting specific ENERGY
STAR program responsibilities. ENERGY STAR continues to be regarded as the trusted source of unbiased
information that helps Americans identify reliable, cost-effective, energy-saving solutions that protect the
environment by reducing GHG emissions.
Benefits have grown steadily since the program's inception and will continue to grow as consumers and
businesses further leverage ENERGY STAR and take action to:
• Select efficient products in more than 60 product categories.
• Invest in home improvement retrofits.
• Purchase efficient new homes.
• Enhance the efficiency of public and private commercial buildings.
• Design efficient buildings.
• Improve the efficiency of industrial facilities.
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ENERGY STAR: OVERVIEW
Achievements in 2010
National Benefits
The combined achievements across the entire ENERGY STAR
program are impressive (see Table 4):
• Financial Savings. Americans saved more than $20 billion
on their utility bills across the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors.
Energy Savings. Americans avoided the need for more
than 240 billion kWh of electricity or about 5 percent of the
total 2010 U.S. electricity demand.
GHG Emissions Prevented. Americans prevented
195 million metric tons of GHG emissions, equivalent to
the annual emissions from 38 million vehicles.
TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2010
All Qualified Products1
New Homes2
Commercial Building
Improvements3
Industrial
Improvements4
PROGRAM TOTAL for
ENERGY STAR
2010
ENERGY SAVED
(BILLION kWH)
ACHIEVED
114.8
1.8
112.9
15.1
244.6s
2010
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
GOAL
82.5
5.5
56.8
18.0
162.8
(MMTC02e)
ACHIEVED
81.4
2.4
81.2
30.8
195.8
2011
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED (MMTC02e)
GOAL
89.8
6.6
60.5
19.4
176.4
'Results for qualified products from Woman et al., 2011. 'Results for qualified homes from CPPD, 2010. 'Results from building improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2011a.
"Electricity results from industrial improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2011b. sThe kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 35gigawatts (GWI, based on
conservation load factors developed by LBNL IKoomeyetal., 1990).
Key Achievements by Program Focus
About 45 percent of the program benefits realized in 2010
can be attributed to the purchase and use of products and
new homes that earned the ENERGY STAR. The use of energy
management strategies by organizations in the commercial
and industrial sectors accounted for the remaining 55
percent. Other key achievements in 2010 included (see
Table5, p. 11):
• ENERGY STAR Awareness. Public awareness of the
ENERGY STAR label was greater than 80 percent.
Additionally, about three-quarters of the households
that knowingly purchased a product that had earned the
ENERGY STAR credited the label as an important factor in
their decision.
• Products. American consumers purchased about
200 million products that had earned the ENERGY STAR—
despite the economic downturn—for a cumulative total
of about 3.5 billion products purchased since 2000.4
• Residential Buildings. Since the program's launch, nearly
1.2 million ENERGY STAR qualified homes have been built
in the United States. More than 126,000 new homes were
constructed to meet ENERGY STAR guidelines in 2010
alone, representing over 25 percent of new home starts
nationwide.5
• Commercial Buildings. Through 2010, more than 25
percent of the nation's building space was assessed for
energy performance. Over 12,600 buildings have earned
the ENERGY STAR, while more than 300 new building
design projects have achieved Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR.
• Industrial Facilities. EPA's ENERGY STAR Industrial
Focuses expanded to include 20 sectors and subsectors
with the launch of the concrete and dairy Focuses.
EPA awarded the ENERGY STAR to 49 plants in 2010—
including several for the first time in the cookie and
cracker sector—bringing the cumulative total to nearly 80.
'Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
'Single family site-built new homes.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
Partnership-Driven Change
More than 20,000 organizations across the United States
have partnered with ENERGY STAR to realize significant
environmental and economic benefits. These partners
include:
• Manufacturers. More than 1,600 manufacturers using the
ENERGY STAR label to differentiate over 40,000 individual
product models across more than 60 product categories.
• Retailers. More than 1,400 retail partners bringing
products that have earned the ENERGY STAR and
educational information to their customers.
• Builders. More than 8,400 builder partners constructing
new homes that qualify for the ENERGY STAR in every
state and the District of Columbia—saving homeowners
money while maintaining high levels of comfort.
• Service and Product Providers. Hundreds of service
and product providers actively working with clients to
adopt a whole-building approach to energy management
and helping more than 8,300 client buildings improve
their ENERGY STAR score by 10 points or more on EPA's
ENERGY STAR energy performance scale.
Building and Facility Owners. More than 5,800 private
businesses, public sector organizations, and industrial
facilities investing in energy efficiency and reducing
energy use in their buildings and facilities.
Energy Efficiency Program Sponsors. More than 700
utilities, states, and other energy efficiency program
sponsors leveraging ENERGY STAR resources to improve
the efficiency of commercial buildings, industrial facilities,
and homes.
Industrial Partners. More than 650 industrial program
partners working within their industry to identify ways to
manage energy strategically, minimize energy risks, and
reduce emissions.
Other Partners. Thousands of energy raters, financial
institutions, architects, and building engineers making
energy efficiency more widely available through ENERGY
STAR, thus providing additional value to their customers.
Environmental Leaders. EPA and DOE recognizing the
outstanding commitments of 111 partners at the 2011
Partner of the Year Awards ceremony (see Table 6, p. 12).
10
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ENERGY STAR: OVERVIEW
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2010
ENERGY STAR
PROGRAM STRATEGY
Efficient Products
(for more information, see p. 13)
KEY INDICATOR
Product Categories Eligible for ENERGY STAR
Individual Product Models Qualifying
Products Purchased1-2
Public Awareness
Manufacturing Partners
Retail Partners
EE Program Administrator Partners
YEAR OF RESULTS
33
11,000
600 million
40%
1,600
550
100
>60
> 40,000
-3.5 billion3
> 80%
> 1,600
> 1,400
>700
New Homes
(for more information, see p. 19)
Number of Qualified New Homes Built1
Percent of National New Home Starts
Markets with over 25% Market Share
Builder Partners
25,000
<1%
0
1,600
• 1,200,000
> 25%
16
8,400
Home Improvement
(for more information, see p. 20)
Homes Improved through Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR1
EE Program Administrator Partners
Homes Benchmarked using Yardstick1
> 110,000
>35
410,000
Existing Commercial Buildings
(for more information, see p. 23)
Number of Buildings with an ENERGY STAR Score1
Building Square Footage with an ENERGY STAR Score1
Percent of Commercial Square Footage with an
ENERGY STAR Score
Building Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR
Number of Buildings Certified1
Building Square Footage Certified1
4,200
800 million
1%
2
545
128 million
> 200,000
> 18 billion
> 25%
13
> 12,600
2 billion
New Commercial Buildings
(for more information, see p. 24)
Number of Buildings Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR1
>300
Industrial Improvements
(for more information, see p. 27)
Industrial Partners
Industrial Sectors (and subsectors)
Facility Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR
Number of Facilities Certified1
>650
20
11
79
Annual Results
(for more information, see p. 53)
Energy Saved (kWh)
Emissions Avoided (MMTC02e)
Net Savings (in U.S. Dollars)
62 billion
15.8
$5 billion
244 billion
195.8
$20 billion
' Results are cumulative.
2 The cumulative total of product sales across the entire ENERGY STAR program from 1992 through 2010, including those from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy. The results for energy saved
and the resulting environmental and economic benefits represent EPA efforts alone.
3 Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
EE:Energy Efficiency
— :Not applicable
~ .'About
11
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners
To learn more about these award winners and their great accomplishments, see Profiles in Leadership: 2011 ENERGY STAR
Award Winners,*
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
3M
St. Paul, MN
Advantage 10, Inc.
Spokane, WA
APS (Arizona Public Service)
Phoenix, AZ
ArcelorMittal
Chicago, IL
Austin Energy
Austin, TX
Bentall Kennedy
Seattle, WA
Bosch Home Appliances
Huntington Beach, CA
CalPortland Company
Glendora, CA
CB Richard Ellis
Los Angeles, CA
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
Community Housing Partners
Christiansburg, VA
Energy Education, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Energy Inspectors
Las Vegas, NV
Energy Trust of Oregon
Portland, OR
EnergyLogic
Berthoud, CO
Merck
Whitehouse Station, NJ
Nashville Area Habitat
for Humanity
Nashville, TN
New York State Energy
Research and Development
Authority (NYSERDA)
Albany, NY
New York-Presbyterian
Hncnital
n U o p 1 td 1
New York, NY
n
Uncor
Dallas, TX
OSRAM SYLVANIA
Danvers, MA
Pacific Gas and Electric
Company (PG&E)
San Francisco, CA
Pella Corporation
Pella, IA
PepsiCo, Inc.
Purchase, NY
Raytheon Company
Waltham, MA
Saint-Gobain
Valley Forge, PA
Servidyne
Atlanta, GA
Southern Energy Management
Morrisville, NC
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Above and Beyond Energy
Wilmington, NC
AEP Texas
Corpus Christi, TX
Andersen Corporation
Bayport, MN
Citi
New York, NY
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, OH
Colgate-Palmolive Company
New York, NY
ComEd
Chicago, IL
Constellation Energy/
Baltimore Gas and Electric
Company (BGE)
Baltimore, MD
Continental Refrigerator
Bensalem, PA
Design Tech Homes
Spring, TX
Efficiency Vermont
Burlington, VT
Electrolux Major Appliances
Charlotte, NC
EnergyCAP, Inc.
State College, PA
Evergreen Public Schools
Vancouver, WA
LG&EandKU
Louisville, KY
Loudoun County Public
Schools
Broadlands, VA
Manitowoc Foodservice
New Port Richey, FL
Meritage Homes
Scottsdale, AZ
Momentum, LLC
Boise, ID
New Jersey Board of Public
Utilities
Trenton, NJ
New Mexico Gas Company
Albuquerque, NM
Nissan North America, Inc.
Franklin, TN
NVR, Inc.
Restan, VA
Panasonic Home &
Environment Company
Secaucus, NJ
PNM
Public Service Company of
Oklahoma (PSO)
Tulsa, OK
Questar Gas Company
Salt Lake City, UT
Samsuna Electronics Co.. Ltd.
AWARDS FOR
EXCELLENCE
ENERGY STAR Promotion
Long Island Power Authority
(LI PA)
Uniondale, NY
National Grid
Waltham, MA
New Hampshire CORE Utilities
Manchester, NH
Orange County Environmental
Protection Division
Clrlsnrtn PI
urialluo, rL
Southern California Edison
Company
Rosemead, CA
Utah Building Energy Efficiency
Strategies
Salt Lake City, UT
Affordable Housing
Coachella Valley Housing
Coalition
Indio, CA
Habitat for Humanity of Elkhart
County
Goshen, IN
Habitat for Humanity of Metro
Denver
Denver, CO
National Housing Trust
Washington, DC
North Carolina Housing Finance
Food Lion Family, Bloom and
Bottom Dollar Food
Salisbury, NC
Sponsors of Northeast Energy
Efficiency Partnerships, Inc.
(NEEP)
FSL Home Improvements dba
FSL Home Energy Solutions
Phoenix, AZ
Suwon, South Korea
Sears Holdings Corporation
Hoffman Estates, IL
Agency
Raleigh, NC
San Antonio Housing Authority
Ford Motor Company
Dearborn, Ml
GE Appliances & Lighting
Louisville, KY
Gresham-Barlow School District
Gresham, OR
LI'
Mines
Houston, TX
ITW Food Equipment Group -
North America
Troy, OH
J. C. Penney Company, Inc.
P/onn TV
riano, IA
LGAIllylUll, IVlr\
Sunoco, Inc.
Philadelphia, PA
TIAA-CREF
New York, NY
Toyota Motor Engineering
& Manufacturing North
America, Inc.
Erlanger, KY
TRANSWESTERN
Houston, TX
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
Whirlnool Cornoration
udiiiesviiit; neyiuiidi utilities
(GRU)
Gainesville, FL
Hanesbrands Inc.
Winston-Salem, NC
HEI Hotels & Resorts
Norwalk, CT
Home Creations
Moore, OK
John B. Sanfilippo & Son,
Inc.
Elgin, IL
Jones Lang LaSalle
Chicago, IL
Staples, Inc.
Framingham, MA
TexEnergy
living, TX
The Boeing Company
Chicago, IL
The E Group, a Division of
FirstEnergy Solutions Corp.
Akron, OH
Wells Real Estate Funds
Norcross, GA
Xcel Energy
Minneapolis, MN
oan nnwnio, IA
Energy Efficient Product Design
ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
Taipei, Taiwan
Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Lake Success, NY
DIRECTV
El Segundo, CA
Lennox Industries Inc.
Richardson, TX
Scotsman Ice Systems
Vernon Hills, IL
Sharp Electronics Corporation
Joint Management Committee
Lexington, MA
KB Home
Los Angeles, CA
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
Mooresville, NC
Benton Harbor, Ml
Wisconsin Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
Kohl's Department Stores,
Inc.
Menomonee Falls, Wl
KPPC-Kentucky Pollution
Prevention Center
Louisville, KY
Mahwah, NJ
Retailing
Menards
Eau Claire, Wl
Metro Lighting
Brentwood, MO
Nationwide Marketing Group
Winston-Salem, NC
' To read or download Profiles in Leadership, go to http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2011_profiles_in_leadership.pdf
12
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ENERGY STAR QUALIFIED PRODUCTS
Year after year, the American public continues to look to ENERGY STAR as the national symbol for energy
efficiency to inform purchasing choices, save money on utility bills, and protect the environment. In 2010,
Americans purchased about 200 million products that had earned the ENERGY STAR across more than
60 product categories for a cumulative total of about 3.5 billion6 ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased
since 2000 (see Figure 5). Qualified products—including appliances, heating and cooling equipment,
consumer electronics, office equipment, lighting, and more—offer consumers savings of as much as
65 percent relative to standard models while providing the features and functionality they expect. Key
activities in 2010 included:
Adding one new product category and
updating the specifications for three
product categories (see Table 7, p. 14).
Maintaining the integrity of ENERGY
STAR by monitoring and protecting the
use of the label.
Finalizing third-party certification
and enhanced product verification
procedures.
FIGURE 5. About 3.5 Billion ENERGY STAR Qualified Products Purchased
Since 2000
3.5 -
3.0
2.5
- 2.0
1 1.5
•^ 1.0
0.5
0
«&.•
fl
I I
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2000 2001 2002
HVAC and Other Lighting* •• Home Office Equipment
••Appliances •• Home Electronics •• Office Equipment
"Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
'Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
13
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress
PRODUCT CATEGORY
YEAR
INTRODUCED
(AND REVISED)*
ENERGY
SAVINGS
STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2010
2010 NEW SPECIFICATIONS
Commercial Audio
2010
Up to 60%
New specification took effect July 30, 201 0.
2010 REVISIONS COMPLETED
All ENERGY STAR Specifications:
Third-Party Certification
Hot Food Holding Cabinets
Set-top Boxes
Water Coolers
2011
2003(2011)
2001 (2005,2008,2011)
2000(2004,2010)
—
65%
40%
45%
Completed. Took effect January 1, 2011.
Revised specification to take effect October 1, 201 1.
Revised specification to take effect September 1, 2011.
Revised specification took effect January 22, 2010.
2010 REVISIONS IN PROGRESS
Battery Charging Systems
Commercial Dishwashers
Commercial Fryers
Computers
Dehumidifiers
Furnaces
Luminaires (Residential Light
Fixtures and Solid State Lighting)
Monitors/Displays
Residential Dishwashers
Room Air Conditioners
Servers
Windows, Doors, Skylights
2006
2007
2003
1992(1995,1999,2004,
2008)
2001 (2005)
1995(2006)
2009
1992(1995,1998,1999,
2005,2006,2009,2010)
1996(2001,2007)
1996(2005)
2009
1998(2003,2005,2009)
35%
25% energy;
25% water
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
10% energy; 35% gas In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.
30 - 65%
16%
12-14%
30%
20%
17% energy;
35% water
9%
27%
15%
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 201 1.
In progress, expected to be complete in 201 1.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 201 1.
In progress, expected to be complete in 201 1.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2013.
NEW SPECIFICATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Climate Controls
Data Center Storage Devices
Laboratory Grade Refrigerators and
Freezers
Pre-rinse Spray Valves
Small Network Equipment
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
New specification to be completed in 2012.
New specification to be completed in 2012.
New specification to be completed in 2012.
New specification to be completed in 2012.
New specification to be completed in 2012.
New specification to be completed in 2012.
* The years listed reflect the date the specification went or will go into effect.
14
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ENERGY STAR: QUALIFIED PRODUCTS
Achievements in 2010
Inspiring Consumer Action
EPA engages in public outreach that encourages Americans
to make energy-efficient changes at home, at work, and in
their communities. The ENERGY STAR program's approach
highlights both the financial and environmental benefits of
energy efficiency and provides a forum to drive behavior
change through a variety of elements—reaching millions of
people through print, broadcast, and social media channels,
events nationwide, and grassroots-to-national partnerships.
• The national Change the World, Start with ENERGY
STAR campaign continued to promote individual actions
through the ENERGY STAR Pledge in 2010. Supported by
participating organizations (pledge drivers), EPA asked
people to take simple energy-saving steps at home that
can make a big difference in protecting the climate, such as:
• Choosing ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and
electronics.
• Maintaining home heating and cooling systems to
improve efficiency.
• Ensuring homes are well sealed and insulated.
• Enabling power management features on home
computers and monitors.
More than 240,000 individuals took the ENERGY STAR
Pledge in 2010, representing an estimated potential
3.7 billion pounds of GHG emissions prevented and more
than 2 billion kWh saved. Additionally, the Change the
World, Start with ENERGY STAR campaign generated
more than 13 million media impressions as national
and local media covered the overall campaign,
Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR Campaign ^™~
In 2010, EPA continued to build upon its successful Change the World, Start with ENERGY
STAR youth partnerships. Starting on Earth Day 2010, EPA Administrator Lisa P.Jackson
hosted Earth Day Live! with ENERGY STAR, a live webinar at the Sarah Heinz House,
a Boys & Girls Club in Pittsburgh, PA, which allowed kids—both in the audience and
across the country—to ask the Administratortheir questions on energy efficiency and
the environment. At this event, the Administrator announced another strategic youth
partnership with DoSomething.org, which joins the flourishing partnerships with Boys &
Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) and Parent-Teacher Organizations (PTO) Today. Through
the combined initiatives of these partnerships, EPA has helped equip the youth of
America with the information and interactive tools they need to help protect the climate.
Through these collaborations in 2010, EPA helped:
• Activate more than 330,000 American youth and their families by supporting energy
efficiency projects in their communities, schools, and homes through campaign partnerships with BGCA, PTO Today, and
DoSomething.org.
• Host 40 community service projects related to energy efficiency at BGCA Clubs across the country—ranging from home
energy check-ups to community energy fairs.
• Launch a first-of-its-kind Facebook game, eMission, which inspires real world action. Facebook users must build and save
their online habitat by completing offline energy-efficient and environmentally friendly actions that reduce GHG emissions.
Each offline action gives users a snapshot of their carbon savings and increases their points in-game.
• Provide K-8 schools nationwide a series of activities, educational prompts, and resources in the form of event-planning
kits, co-developed with PTO Today, to help schools host "Go Green Nights," which teach kids and their families about
energy efficiency and empowerthemtotake practical steps to reduce their own energy use.
The 2010 Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR campaign built on the success of previous years and incorporated new
elements to further engage youth and connect personally with consumers. The combined efforts of the national campaigns
since 2006 have generated more than 2.8 million pledges of individual actions that could prevent over 9 billion pounds of
GHG emissions.
15
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
youth partnerships, heating and cooling seasonal
energy-saving tips, and other product-related program
developments throughout the year.
The more than 430 Change the World, Start with ENERGY
STAR pledge drivers took advantage of exciting new
campaign tools in 2010—an Event Toolkit and the Change
the World Campaign Event Booth. The toolkit and booth
are turnkey solutions for holding an educational ENERGY
STAR-themed event.
Sears, Georgia Power Company, Ameren Illinois,
Lockheed Martin, and Nissan North America were the
leading pledge drivers in 2010; all participating companies
and organizations continued to boost the campaign's
momentum by encouraging their employees, members,
constituents, and others to make energy-saving changes
at home and at work.
In 2010, EPA debuted a new youth partnership with
DoSomething.org that leverages the Web and pop culture
to drive teenagers to make long-lasting, energy-efficient
changes at home and in their communities. As part of
this initiative, DoSomething.org launched eMission, a
unique Facebook game that requires users to take real
world action to protect the climate online and offline. In
less than half a year, more than 50,000 Facebook users
took steps through eMission to make sustained, energy-
efficient changes in their lives that could prevent over
2.8 million pounds of GHG emissions.
In St. Paul, MN, and Salt Lake City, UT, a combined total of
more than 33,000 visitors toured the ENERGY STAR Exhibit
House during the 2010 campaign. The house featured
interactive displays and gave visitors the opportunity to
learn about energy efficiency room by room. Additionally,
Utah Governor Gary R. Herbert toured the ENERGY STAR
Exhibit House with EPA staff, making him the first governor
to experience the exhibit house.
The ENERGY STAR website experienced impressive
growth; visitor sessions reached more than 21 million in
2010, a 32-percent increase over 2009.
More than 80 percent of American households recognized
the ENERGY STAR label (see Figure 6). Additionally, more
than 80 percent of households had a high or general
understanding of the label.7
FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80
2000
2001
2002*
2003*
2004*
2005
2006*
2007*
2008
2009
2010*
Unaided Awareness
Aided Awareness
*Unaided annual result is statistically different from the result of the prior year.
**Aided and unaided annual results are statistically different from the results of the prior year.
• More than 40 percent of American households knowingly
purchased an ENERGY STAR qualified product. Of those
households, over 75 percent reported being favorably
influenced by the ENERGY STAR label and about
80 percent reported they are likely to recommend ENERGY
STAR products to their friends.8
Maintaining the Integrity of ENERGY STAR
Monitoring the ENERGY STAR Brand. To participate in
the ENERGY STAR program, product manufacturers and
retailers enter into formal partnership agreements with
the government and agree to adhere to the ENERGY STAR
Identity Guidelines, which describe how the ENERGY STAR
name and mark may be used. EPA continually monitors the
use of the brand in trade media, advertisements, and stores
and on the Internet. The Agency also conducts biannual
onsite store-level assessments of ENERGY STAR qualified
products on the stores' shelves to ensure the products are
presented properly to consumers.
7For more information, see U.S. EPA 2011 c.
'Tor more information, see U.S. EPA 201Ic.
16
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Implementing Third-Party Certification. To ensure that
ENERGY STAR remains a trusted symbol for environmental
protection through superior efficiency, EPA completed
comprehensive enhancements of the product qualification
and verification processes. Third-party certification of
ENERGY STAR products went into effect, as scheduled, on
January 1,2011. Before a product can be labeled with the
ENERGY STAR under the new requirements, its performance
must be certified by an EPA-recognized third party based on
testing in an EPA-recognized lab. In addition, ENERGY STAR
manufacturer partners must participate in verification testing
programs run by the approved certification bodies. By the
end of 2010, EPA had recognized 21 accreditation bodies,
132 laboratories, and 15 certification bodies.
ENERGY STAR: QUALIFIED PRODUCTS
Enforcing Program Requirements. Enforcing proper use
of the ENERGY STAR mark is essential to maintaining the
integrity of the program. As the result of multiple off-the-shelf
testing efforts, EPA disqualified 17 products from the ENERGY
STAR program in 2010 for failure to meet performance
standards. Manufacturers of those products were required to
discontinue use of the label and take additional steps to limit
product exposure in the market. In an effort to ensure fair
and consistent commitment among ENERGY STAR partners,
EPA also took steps this year to suspend the partner status of
manufacturers failing to comply with program requirements.
EPA Implements Third-Party Certification
March 2010 EPA announced its intention to transition the ENERGY STAR product labeling program from a self-
certification approach to one that requires all products to be third-party certified and subject to
verification testing by the end of 2010.
June 2010
After seeking input from stakeholders, EPA finalized the requirements that accreditation bodies and
laboratories would have to meet to receive EPA recognition. These requirements leveraged existing
international standards, such as ISO/IEC 17011 and ISO/IEC 17025, which are commonly cited in
product safety programs.
August 2010
Also with input from stakeholders, EPA finalized the requirements that certification bodies would
have to meet to receive EPA recognition. Among other things, they must provide evidence of
technical competence, strong quality management processes, and impartiality toward test results.
October 2010
November 2010
EPA finalized changes to the ENERGY STAR Partner Commitments across all 60 product categories,
instituting the new qualification and verification requirements.
EPA asked ENERGY STAR manufacturer partners to recommit to the program under the new terms.
The vast majority of active ENERGY STAR partners recommitted, including industry leaders in every
product category.
17
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
About ENERGY STAR Product Specification Revisions
When the ENERGY STAR program was established in 1992,
EPA offered the label for two products—computers and
monitors. Since then, the program has grown to include
more than 60 product categories. Through the ENERGY STAR
program, EPA provides value to consumers by enabling them
to easily identify energy-efficient products. To achieve this,
EPA sets specifications reflective of the performance of
the most efficient products on the market. For a productto
qualify for the ENERGY STAR label, it must meet a strict set
of specifications designed to ensure that the product:
• Is energy-efficient.
• Is cost-effective to the purchaser.
• Maintains product performance or features.
Revising ENERGY STAR Specifications
While EPA continues to expand its suite of labeled products,
it also revises specifications on an ongoing basis to
ensure that the ENERGY STAR label remains meaningful to
consumers. Overthe years, specifications for the
majority of the product categories have been revised to
achieve additional energy savings (see Table 8). Each year,
EPA reviews current product specifications and carefully
considers the following questions to assess whether a
specification revision is appropriate:
• Can significant additional energy savings be realized
nationally?
• Can energy consumption and performance be measured
and verified with testing?
• Can product or service performance be maintained or
enhanced with increased energy efficiency?
• Will purchasers be able to recover an additional
investment in increased energy efficiency within a brief
period of time?
• Can additional energy efficiency be achieved without
unjustly favoring one technology?
• Will ENERGY STAR labeling effectively differentiate
products and services and be visible to purchasers?
EPA carefully weighs these questions to decide which
products warrant specification revisions.
TABLE 8. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With 165 Product Specifications and Revisions
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS
NUMBER OF PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS UPDATES IN THE THAT WENT INTO
PRODUCTTYPE CATEGORIES (NEW AND REVISED) LASTS YEARS* EFFECT IN 2010
Consumer Electronics
Office Equipment
HVAC
Commercial Food Service
Equipment
Lighting
Building Envelope
Appliances
Other
12
10
9
g
6
3
7
3
34
37
28
1 1
19
9
19
8
9
4
4
6
4
1
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
—
1
* Reflects those specifications that took effect through 20W.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Review and update ENERGY STAR specifications for
more than 10 product categories, making sure the label
remains a meaningful symbol of highly efficient products
in the market.
Expand the suite of ENERGY STAR product categories by
adding climate controls, small network equipment, data
center storage devices, uninterruptable power supplies,
pre-rinse spray valves, and laboratory grade refrigerators
and freezers.
Pilot a new program targeted at early-adopters to increase
demand for the most efficient ENERGY STAR products.
Actively support the ramp up of third-party certification
and verification testing of products across the more than
60 product categories.
18
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ENERGY STAR IN II RESIDENT IAL SECTOR
About 17 percent of the GHGs emitted in the United States are attributed to the energy we use to heat, cool,
and light our homes, as well as power the appliances and electronics in them. By making energy-efficient
choices in the construction of new homes and the improvement of existing homes, American homeowners,
renters, homebuilders, and home remodelers can lower household utility bills while helping to protectthe
environment. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA offers an array of useful tools and resources to households and
the housing industry to increase the energy efficiency of the nation's housing stock. Program highlights for
2010 included:
• Reaching the milestone of nearly 1.2 million ENERGY STAR qualified new homes constructed since the
program's launch.
• Partnering with 8,400 builder partners, who collectively constructed more than 126,000 ENERGY STAR
qualified homes in 2010, which represents more than 25 percent of new home starts (see Figure 7, p. 20).
• Surpassing the mark of more than 35,000 homes improved through Home Performance with ENERGY
STAR in 2010, for a total of more than 110,000 homes across the United States.
• Expanding the Home Performance with ENERGY STAR program across the country to include more than
1,300 participating contractors.
Achievements in 2010
ENERGY STAR for New Homes
Nearly 1.2 Million New Homes Have Earned the ENERGY
STAR. More than 126,000 new homes were constructed to
meet ENERGY STAR guidelines in 2010 (see Figure 8, p. 21),
bringing the total number of ENERGY STAR qualified homes
to nearly 1.2 million byyear end. Since EPA began labeling
new homes in 1995, American homeowners have saved
$1.6 billion on their energy bills and reduced GHG emissions
by more than 27 billion pounds. In 2010 alone, families living
in ENERGY STAR qualified homes saved nearly $350 million
on their utility bills, while avoiding GHG emissions equivalent
to those from about 450,000 vehicles.
Coordinating Attractive Energy Efficiency Financing. EPA
continued its collaboration with the Energy Programs
Consortium, as well as with state energy offices and housing
finance agencies (HFAs), to implement the ENERGY STAR
Mortgage program launched in 2008. The program offers
homeowners, including those with low incomes, a way
19
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
FIGURE 7. ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes Gaining Market Share
»^
M,cH,aJ
Increasing Market Percentage
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
3-11%
11 - 24%
> 25%
to purchase energy-efficient homes or finance efficiency
improvements to their existing homes while receiving a
financial benefit from the lender—typically in the form of a
closing cost discount or reduced interest rate. The value of
the ENERGY STAR mortgages closed by participating lenders
during 2010totaled almost$12million. Inthatsame period,
EPA provided marketing support to participating lenders
and contractors to help with customer recruitment, and
continued its efforts to engage new stakeholders and look for
opportunities to expand the program by meeting with several
regional and national lenders, including Fannie Mae.
Making Affordable Housing More Energy Efficient. EPA
continues to provide outreach and analytical support to state
HFAs, helping them incorporate ENERGY STAR measures as
part of the evaluation criteria for applications that request
public funds to develop affordable rental housing for low-
income families. Atthe end of 2010,49 of 50 state HFAs were
promoting ENERGY STAR qualified products and/or homes
in their Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program's Qualified
Allocation Plans. Based on data from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), more than
5,200 ENERGY STAR qualified homes were built in FY10 using
public funding from HUD's HOME program, a 13-percent
increase over FY09. HUD and EPA also collaborated on
developing an energy efficiency roadmap to help owners
and developers improve the energy efficiency of housing for
the elderly and the disabled, two groups that are particularly
vulnerable to high energy costs. EPA also partners with
Habitat for Humanity's U.S. affiliates to promote the
construction of ENERGY STAR qualified homes. In 2010,
more than 300 Habitat affiliates nationwide built over
1,600 homes to ENERGY STAR specifications. As a result
of EPA's outreach to the manufactured homes industry
(also part of the affordable housing market), more than
4,300 ENERGY STAR qualified manufactured homes were
built in the United States in 2010 for a cumulative total of more
than 41,000.
ENERGY STAR Home Improvement
Expanding Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES) offers
homeowners a comprehensive, whole-house approach
to energy efficiency improvements through a network of
contractors trained to perform energy assessments and
retrofits. Through regional HPwES sponsors, a third party
conducts quality reviews of the contractors' work. Over
the past 9 years, EPA has worked with sponsoring partners
such as state and local governments, utilities, and nonprofit
20
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ENERGY STAR: RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
organizations to implement HPwES in more than 30 markets
(see Figure 9). As a result of their efforts, by the end of
2010, over 110,000 homes had been retrofitted through
HPwES programs. In 2010, EPA recognized 52 participating
contractors with the ENERGY STAR Century Club Award
for improving more than 100 homes each—up from
36 contractors in 2009.
Continuing Growth for ENERGY STAR HVAC Quality
Installation Guidelines. EPA partnered with five utilities
across the country in 2010 to offer the ENERGY STAR heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) Quality Installation
(Ql) program, which helps utility partners go beyond product
incentives to deliver additional KW and kWh savings by
improving installation procedures. The HVAC Ql program
blends an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-
recognized, industry-accepted set of installation guidelines
with the endorsement of EPA's ENERGY STAR program to help
consumers obtain high-quality installations. Partnering utilities
helped homeowners save more than 690,000 kWh in 2010.
FIGURE 8. Nearly 1.2 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the
ENERGY STAR Label
1,200,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
VI
1 700,000 - f
5
•S 600,000
•f 500,000
^
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008* 2009* 2010*
Cumulative Homes Built • Annual Homes Built
*The decrease in the number of homes qualified reflects the overall decrease in the total
number of homes built.
z
z
FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
MARYLAND
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
States with Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR Programs
Metro Areas with Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR Programs
21
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
Offering Home Energy Performance Tools. Nearly 100,000
consumers used EPA's online Home Energy Yardstick in
2010 to compare their home's energy use to that of others
across the country. The tool lets homeowners set an energy
reduction goal and see how their home stacks up if they
reduce energy use by a certain percentage. In addition to
the Yardstick, EPA offers the online Home Energy Advisor to
help Americans improve home efficiency. In 2010, more than
55,000 owners used the interactive tool to find customized
recommendations for increasing the energy efficiency of
their homes.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
New Homes
• Begin phasing in new, more rigorous guidelines for homes
to earn the ENERGY STAR. When fully implemented in 2012,
homes built to the new ENERGY STAR for Homes
Version 3 requirements will be at least 15 percent more
energy efficient than those built to the 2009 International
Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and they will include
additional measures that make them 20 to 30 percent more
efficient than typical new construction.
• Work with stakeholders to address barriers in the real
estate transaction process so the market recognizes the
value and risk reduction associated with high-performance
homes earning the ENERGY STAR. The effort will include
initiatives that can expand the current ENERGY STAR
Mortgage program and facilitate policies that formally
recognize the value of high-performance homes in the
appraisal process.
Existing Homes
• Take steps to transfer the management of the HPwES
program to DOE. This transition is intended to help the
federal government achieve greater management and
resource efficiency in its effort to increase market
adoption of home energy upgrades.
• Recruit at least three new sponsors for the HVAC Ql
program in 2011.
22
-------
ENERGY STAR IN I L COMMLRCIAL SECTOR
President Obama's vision for "winning the future by investing in innovative, clean energy technologies"
includes new efforts to improve energy efficiency in commercial buildings across the country by 20 percent
over the next decade.9 Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA is already helping the commercial building
sector improve energy efficiency in the places where consumers work, play, and learn. In turn, these
efforts will help create jobs, save money, reduce dependence on foreign oil, and contribute to cleaner
air and the protection of people's health. These and future efficiency efforts are of critical importance, as
commercial buildings are responsible for approximately 20 percent of all energy consumption in the
United States.
Thousands of American business owners—including retailers, hoteliers, and grocers—along with heads
of major organizations such as state and local governments, school districts, universities, hospitals, and
congregations, are already using ENERGY STAR tools and resources to help realize significant energy
savings that prevent GHG emissions and contribute to meeting the President's ambitious goals (see
Figure 12, p. 25).
Achievements in 2010
Reaching Key Program Milestones
With the help of ENERGY STAR, partners in the commercial
sector made great strides in improving energy efficiency in
2010. Major milestones involved:
Sustaining Top Performance Through ENERGY STAR. More
than 6,200 buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in 2010 alone,
a nearly 60-percent increase from the 2009 total. Of these
buildings, approximately 40 percent had earned the ENERGY
STAR in previous years, demonstrating consistency in energy
savings. In total, more than 12,600 buildings, representing
over 2 billion square feet of space, and nearly 50 plants, had
3 For more information, see The White House 2011.
earned the ENERGY STAR byyear end (see Figure 10, p. 24).
While all certified buildings use less energy than typical
buildings, about 10 percent of all ENERGY STAR certified
buildings use 50 percent less energy than similar buildings
nationwide.
Demonstrating Significant and Continuous Improvement.
EPA recognized 150 partner organizations as ENERGY STAR
Leaders for making portfolio-wide improvements in energy
efficiency and, in some cases, achieving top performance
(an ENERGY STAR score of 75 or higher) across their entire
portfolio of buildings. Demonstrating sustained reductions,
23
-------
ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
FIGURE 10. More Than 12,600 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
Increasing Number of Qualified Buildings
<35
60 percent of these Leaders have reached multiple
improvement milestones over the years. In 2010, for the first
time, two organizations achieved a 50-percent portfolio-wide
improvement milestone. Additionally, ENERGY STAR service
and product provider partners have helped more than 8,300
client buildings improve their ENERGY STAR score by 10 points
or more on EPA's ENERGY STAR energy performance scale.
Managing Energy Through Widespread Measurement
and Tracking. The energy performance of more than
200,000 buildings—representing over 18 billion square feet
of space and more than 25 percent of the total market—has
been assessed using EPA's ENERGY STAR measurement and
tracking tool, Portfolio Manager (see Figure 13, p. 26).10
Designing More Buildings To Earn the ENERGY STAR. Despite
the downturn in the economy, more than 75 commercial
building design projects achieved Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR in 2010, bringing the total number of buildings
intended to operate at ENERGY STAR performance levels
when built to more than 300.
Strategizing for Success
EPA's ENERGY STAR Guidelines for Energy Management
have become an important roadmap for instituting a
" Calculated using CBECS 2003, see EIA 2006.
35-99 100-299
(Number of Buildings)
>300
corporate culture of environmental protection and financial
value. Implementing comprehensive energy retrofits in
buildings and ensuring newly constructed buildings deliver
on their high-performance intent requires organizations to
commit to a superior energy management strategy at the
top levels of management. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA
packages actionable guidance for all types of companies
and organizations to achieve success and helps them tap
into expert knowledge to deliver concrete energy solutions
through smart practices and technologies.
Competing Nationally To Work Off the Waste with
ENERGY STAR. In 2010, EPA launched the first annual
National Building Competition. Teams from 14 buildings of
all shapes and sizes from across the country went head-to-
head to see who could reduce their energy use the most.
The greatest successes occurred in buildings whose teams
raised awareness, engaged occupants, and used ENERGY
STAR guidance in energy-saving efforts. The winning
building, Morrison Residence Hall at the University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, achieved an almost 36-percent energy
use reduction in just one year.
Together, the 14 contestants reduced their energy
consumption by more than 44 million KBtu a year, saved over
$950,000, and reduced GHG emissions equal to those emitted
24
-------
ENERGY STAR: COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 11. 2010 National Building Competition Progress Over Time
Solon Family Health Center
Memorial Arts Building
Virginia Beach Convention Center
1525 Wilson Boulevard
MaplewoodMall
522 Fifth Avenue
Sheraton Austin Hotel
Crystal River Elementary School
Tucker Hall
Courtyard by Marriott San Diego Downtown
Morrison Hall
Van Holten Primary School
JCPenney
SearsGlen Burnie
11/09 12/09 1/10 2/10 3/10 4/10 5/10
12-Month Period Ending Date
7/10 8/10
by the annual electricity use of nearly 600 homes (see
Figure 11). Because these innovative competitors embedded
energy efficiency in daily operations, they changed the
landscape for energy efficiency in their buildings and
communities and set a great example for the nation.
Supporting Innovative Energy Efficiency Initiatives. In
2010, EPA's strategic partnerships with state and local
governments, industry associations, and other federal
agencies continued to demonstrate nationally applicable
models for new energy efficiency initiatives. These included
projects funded through ARRA, mandates for energy
disclosure in U.S. communities, and awareness-raising
efforts about energy use and reductions in commercial
buildings through innovative campaigns and competitions,
which all relied on the ENERGY STAR platform.
Linking to Experts. Service and product providers (SPPs),
architects, engineers, state energy offices, and utilities
offer valuable energy efficiency services and programs to
help identify, prioritize, and implement quality projects in the
FIGURE 12. Steady Growth in Building Space Benchmarked
and Certified
20 -
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* 2010*
• Sq. Ft. Benchmarked • Sq. Ft. Certified
*2001-200B includes only buildings eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR performance
score. 2009 and 2010 include those buildings as well as buildings eligible to receive an EUI
(Energy Use Intensity!.
25
-------
ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
FIGURE 13. Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score by State
Increasing Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score
<35
35-99 100-399
(In Millions of Square Feet)
>400
commercial sector. In 2010, more organizations leveraged
ENERGY STAR resources, which led to a 50-percent increase
over the previous year in energy benchmarking through
SPPs for their clients and assistance in certifying more than
3,200 buildings as ENERGY STAR.
In partnership with several states and utilities, EPA
announced a pilot program in 2010 designed to deliver
greater energy savings in commercial buildings. Building
Performance with ENERGY STAR is assisting utilities and
state energy efficiency programs in achieving increased
savings by strategically pursuing whole-building energy
improvements with their business customers.
Expanding Portfolio Manager. Portfolio Manager was
expanded to include data centers, a unique building space
type now eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR score and
certification. EPA also added more reporting features,
including a custom template that allows users to send data
directly from Portfolio Manager to outside stakeholders.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
• Extend the ENERGY STAR certification to senior care
facilities and begin planning updates to the ENERGY STAR
energy performance scale for hospitals, providing an
assessment and recognition tool for a critical and growing
source of the nation's energy consumption.
• Launch the second annual ENERGY STAR National
Building Competition: Battle of the Buildings, a coast-to-
coast contest among commercial buildings to save energy
and protect the climate. The competition will feature 245
competitors who will battle it out through improvements in
energy efficiency with support from EPA's ENERGY STAR
program and determine who can reduce their energy use
the most, with a winner announced in November 2011.
Complete the Building Performance with ENERGY STAR
pilot and implement lessons learned in an enhanced
rollout of the program.
Initiate a process to expand and improve the functionality,
usability, speed, and verification process of Portfolio
Manager through a database upgrade.
26
-------
ENERGY STAR IN 11 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
The industrial sector is an important part of the U.S. economy: manufacturing goods valued at nearly
$5.5 trillion, contributing over 11 percent to the U.S. GDP, and providing more than 12.7 million jobs paying
an average of $47,500 annually.11 It also generates more than a quarter of the nation's annual GHG emissions.
Through ENERGY STAR, EPA enables the industrial sector to improve energy efficiency within its operations
and cost-effectively reduce GHG emissions by removing energy management barriers.
Oneway EPA works with industry is through the ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses—to share information, such as
detailed guides on how to reduce energy use in manufacturing plants; to develop industry-specific ENERGY
STAR plant energy performance indicators (EPIs) that enable plants to measure energy efficiency and set
competitive improvement goals on a national basis; and to build a collective source of energy management
expertise for specific industries. The success of the ENERGY STAR Focuses in improving energy performance
validates that EPA's approach—performance measurement and recognition for top performance—helps
industry maintain competitiveness by saving money and achieving positive results for the environment.
Achievements in 2010
Improving Performance—The ENERGY STAR Focus
Industries
EPA works closely with specific industries to provide
advanced tools that help companies manage energy for
themselves and build long-term, productive energy programs
(see Table 9, p. 28).
Landmark Gains Achieved in Cement Energy Performance.
After nearly a decade, EPA re-benchmarked the energy
performance of U.S. cement plants as part of the regular
update process for EPIs. This benchmarking revealed
dramatic improvements in energy efficiency across the
cement industry, including a 13-percent improvement in
energy intensity. The energy performance of the industry's
least efficient plants improved most dramatically: plants in
" For more information, see U.S. Census Bureau 2010.
the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles improved by 0.34,0.51, and
0.75 MMBtu per ton of clinker, respectively (see Figure 14,
p. 28). The total source energy savings were 60.5 trillion Btu
annually, equivalent to reducing energy-related carbon
emissions in these plants by 5.5 MMTC02e.
New Plant EPIs Issued. Many U.S. industrial companies
are unable to objectively measure and assess the energy
performance of their facilities. ENERGY STAR plant EPIs
overcome this barrier by helping companies determine
good energy performance for their plant, relative to others
in their industry. In 2010, EPA added newtools for cookie
and cracker plants and pulp mills to its available set of EPIs.
Industry testing continued for drafts of the steel mini-mill and
fiberglass EPIs, and EPA issued a revised cement EPI for final
industry testing.
27
-------
ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
New Energy Guide Released. EPA issued an energy guide
that identifies energy efficiency opportunities for steel plants.
The growing library of energy guides continued to help
managers identify areas for improvement, develop action
plans, and educate company employees.
Best Practice Lighting Guide Released. Working with
the Motor Vehicle Focus, EPA facilitated a benchmarking
study to identify the best practice lighting levels for motor
vehicle manufacturing. The results of this groundbreaking
study were published and used to inform new Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) lighting
standards.
Number of Industrial Sector Focuses Grows to 20. EPA
signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the National
Ready Mixed Concrete Association and the International
Dairy Foods Association to enable more than 6,000 U.S.
concrete plants and nearly 1,600 dairy processors to
develop strategic energy management programs using
ENERGY STAR resources.
FIGURE 14. Improvement in U.S. Cement Plant Energy
Performance, 1997 - 2008
1997 Distribution of Plant Efficiency
2008 Distribution of Plant Efficiency
678
Million Btu per Ton of Clinker
10
TABLE 9. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy
PEER EXCHANGE INDUSTRY ENERGY PERFORMANCE
FOCUS INDUSTRY NETWORK ENERGY GUIDE INDICATOR
Cement Manufacturing
Concrete Manufacturing
Corn Refining
Food Processing
• Cookies & Crackers
• Dairy Processing
•Juice
• Potato Products
•Tomato Products
Glass Manufacturing
• Fiberglass
• Flat Glass Products
• Container Glass Products
Metal Casting
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Industry
Pharmaceuticals
Pulp & Paper
• Integrated
•Pulp
Steel
wlGGI
• Mini-mills
Water/Wastewaster
•
•
•
•
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Published
In Process
Published
Published
Published
UnderStudy
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
In Process
2nd Version in Draft
Exploring Options
Released
Released
Exploring Options
Released
Released
Draft
Draft
Released
Released
Exploring Options
2nd Version Released
Draft
Private System
Recognized by EPA
Released
Draft
Draft
Draft
Released
28
-------
ENERGY STAR: INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Building Capacity Enables Greater Industry
Participation
Key alliances and tools help EPA and its partners build
capacity in a cost-effective manner.
ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry Launched. EPA
created a new initiative to encourage manufacturers to
improve the energy efficiency of their sites by 10 percent
within 5 years or less. Through the ENERGY STAR Challenge
for Industry, EPA engages a broader set of industrial facilities
in the fundamental energy management practices of
establishing baselines, setting reduction goals, and tracking
and managing energy use overtime. By the close of 2010,
192 sites had taken the Challenge, and 27 had achieved the
goal, saving over 1.7 trillion Btu.
New Guidance To Address Unique Needs of Small- and
Medium-Sized Manufacturers. EPA released guidance
to help small- and medium-sized manufacturers to build
energy programs that work for the reduced scale of their
operations. Also, an ENERGY STAR energy guide that
addresses common plant systems was completed for
these manufacturers.
Continuing To Earn ENERGY STAR Certification
EPA awarded the ENERGY STAR to 49 plants in 2010—
including several cookie and cracker plants that earned the
ENERGY STAR for the first time—bringing the total to 79 (see
Table 10).
Expanding Sustainable Strategies
EPA influenced energy management beyond its ENERGY
STAR partners by promoting energy efficiency as part of the
partners' broad sustainability initiatives.
Supply Chain Engagement Reaches Beyond Partners. EPA
supported its ENERGY STAR industrial partners in the
development of supplier energy management outreach
programs. Partners assisted their suppliers by passing on
the resources and best practices they received through their
own partnership with ENERGY STAR.
Downstream Industries. The Cement Focus companies
worked through ENERGY STAR to build concrete plant
energy assessment programs to assist their downstream
industry, concrete production.
TABLE 10. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants
SECTOR FACILITY EARNED THE ENERGY STAR IN 2010 TOTAL PLANTS EARNING THE ENERGY STAR
Cement Manufacturing Plants
Auto Assembly Plants
Petroleum Refineries
Wet Corn Mills
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants
Wet Corn Mills
Frozen Fried Potato Processing Plants
Total Plants Certified
Total Estimated Energy Savings
(Compared with Average Plants)
22
7
3
4
6
2
5
49
74,400,000 MM Btu
32
15
8
7
7
2
8
79
233,700,000 MM Btu*
^Represents cumulative savings for labels earned since 2006.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
• Build upon the foundation set by the cement industry to
develop resources for concrete manufacturers.
• Formalize agreements with more U.S. industrial sectors,
including the printing industry.
• Complete energy guides for concrete plants and dairy
processing plants.
• Re-baseline wet corn mills.
Collaborate with DOE on an ISO standard for energy
management and support the joint DOE-EPA State and
Local Energy Efficiency Action Network for industry.
Help small and medium manufacturing plants set and
achieve energy performance goals through the ENERGY
STAR Challenge for Industry.
29
-------
CLIMATE LEADERS
CLIMATE*
LEADERS,
U.S EnvimiTTiuT-.l-v H*u?luc l:oi«. AU^TICY
EPA launched the Climate Leaders program in 2002 to assist leading companies
across the country in developing comprehensive climate change strategies. After
9 years, Climate Leaders has achieved a number of significant milestones while
working to reduce GHG emissions (see Table 11). Through the program, EPA has deployed standardized
GHG emissions management practices for use among companies within an industry and has provided
guidance and recognition to encourage companies to set and achieve corporate-level GHG emissions
reduction goals.
Climate Leaders partners represented a variety of industries and sectors, from manufacturers and
utilities to financial institutions and retailers—with operations in all 50 states (see Figures 15 and 16).
When companies partnered with Climate Leaders, they voluntarily agreed to account for and reduce
GHG emissions by submitting a corporate-wide inventory of their GHG emissions, setting a public GHG
emissions reduction goal, and taking steps to meetthat goal by the agreed-upon deadline.
On September 15, 2010, EPA announced the Climate Leaders program would phase down the services
offered during the next year with an official program end date of September 30, 2011. EPA determined that
states and nonprofits are now well-positioned to work with companies and other entities to continue their
climate leadership, assisting them in GHG reporting that goes above and beyond mandatory requirements
and establishing facility or corporate-level GHG reduction goals. EPA also announced its intentto stay
involved in important initiatives related to corporate GHG accounting, to support companies' actions
to reduce their GHG emissions through other climate protection partnership programs, and to join with
nongovernment organizations to recognize climate leadership.
Achievements in 2010
Nine additional partners achieved Climate Leaders GHG
reduction goals: Abbott; Best Buy; Green Mountain
Energy; Frito-Lay, Inc.; Lockheed Martin Corporation;
Merck & Co., Inc.; The National Renewable Energy Lab;
Oracle Corporation; and Steelcase, Inc.
Thirty-two partners announced new corporate GHG
reduction goals in 2010, bringing the total number of
corporate GHG goals set by Climate Leaders partners and
Small Business Network members to 228.
30
-------
CLIMATE LEADERS
FIGURE 15. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners by Sector
FIGURE 16. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members
Transportation
Utilities
5
Retail
V
Federal
Government
Healthcare
Financial
Services
Commercial
Enterprise -/
16
Agriculture &
Food and Beverage
16
Industrial
Manufacturing
Consumer Goods
Manufacturing
Agriculture & Food
and Beverage
5
Information
10
Consumer
Goods
Manufacturing
14
Transportation
27
Utilities Financial Services
Industrial
Manufacturing
29
J
Healthcare
1
Commercial
Enterprise
92
TABLE 11. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators, 2004 - 2010 (Cumulative)
CLIMATE LEADERS INDICATOR 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Partners
Small Business Network Members
Total Partners and Members
Initial Inventories Submitted
Site Visits (Partners Only)
Goals Announced
Goals Achieved
64
—
—
42
9
20
0
78
—
—
58
29
31
5
107
155
251
183*
183**
87* 185*
—
78
46
55
8
—
—
115 161
77 109
88
11
270
201
144
368
227
160
115 154 228*
18
29
38
*ln late 2009, EPA approved development of the Climate Leaders Small Business Network to provide support to smaller companies. In previous years, the program numbers reflect participation from
both small and large companies. Some organizations moved from Climate Leaders to the Small Business Network. Goals announced reflect the total from both programs.
**ln late 2010, EPA decided to phase down the Climate Leaders program over 2011. At that time, the program discontinued accepting new partners and some partners left the program.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Update, develop guidance for, and make publicly available
the following tools:
• Climate Leaders GHG Emissions Reduction
Goal Model.
• Climate Leaders Simplified GHG Calculator.
• Climate Leaders Inventory Management Plan, as
well as the GHG Inventory Summary and Goal
Tracking Form.
• Facilitate recognition opportunities with nonprofit
organizations to acknowledge corporate leaders in GHG
management.
• Partner with the U.S. General Services Administration
(GSA) in piloting the reporting of GHG inventories by small
businesses under Executive Order 13514.
31
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CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
FIGURE 17. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy
Supply Programs
30
EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs—the Green Power Partnership (GPP) and the Combined Heat and
Power (CHP) Partnership—were launched in 2001 to facilitate the growth of green power generation and
environmentally beneficial CHP across the nation.
For the past 10 years, both programs have made remarkable progress in dismantling market barriers to
green power purchasing and CHP use by helping hundreds of partners find cost-effective solutions to
meet their energy needs. By offering technical
resources, developing nationally accepted
standards, providing access to expertise, and
recognizing environmental leadership, the
Clean Energy Supply Programs continually
bring value to partners.
In turn, partner investments in clean energy
yield significant environmental benefits by
reducing GHG emissions and other air pollutants.
CHP and GPP partners are transforming the
marketplace by increasing the local, regional,
and national demand for clean energy supply
technologies. The programs' achievements
have been impressive. In 2010 alone, EPA's
Clean Energy Supply programs reduced GHG
emissions by 26.4 MMTC02e (see Figure 17).
25 —
•or 20
CD"
0
^ 15 -
CD
D=
CD
10
III
MINI
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
32
-------
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's Green Power Partnership
is a voluntary program that
encourages organizations to
buy green power as a means
to reducing the environmental
impacts associated with purchased electricity use, while
demonstrating environmental leadership. EPA's Green Power
> 6EPA
GREEN
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
partners include a wide variety of forward-thinking
organizations, such as Fortune 500 companies; small- and
medium-sized businesses; local, state, and federal government
agencies; and colleges and universities. The voluntary
commitments of these partners to green power made 2010 an
exceptional year for EPA's Green Power Partnership.
Achievements in 2010
Added over 200 new partners, bringing the total to more
than 1,300. These organizations have committed to
buying more than 18 billion kWh of green power annually,
which is enough energy to run nearly 1.6 million average
American homes for one year (see Figure 18).
Expanded EPA's Fortune 500 Green Power Challenge, an
initiative focused on increasing the collective green power
purchases of eligible corporations. By the end of 2010,
67 Fortune 500 companies had taken the Challenge and
stepped up their commitment to environmental stewardship
by collectively purchasing nearly 9 billion kWh.
Acknowledged 54 participating partners in EPA's College
& University 2009 - 2010 Green Power Challenge. EPA
ranked the green power purchases of individual schools
against others within their athletic conferences, and
subsequently calculated cumulative purchases among
competing conferences. The Ivy League conference
topped the list with the largest total purchase among
all conferences, and earned EPA recognition as the
2009-2010 Collective Conference Champion.
FIGURE 18. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions
20-1 1-14
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Presented 18 Green Power Leadership Awards to top
purchasers of green power and onsite renewable power
systems (see Table 12).
TABLE 12. 2010 EPA Green Power Leadership Awards
Green Power Purchasing
BD
BNY Mellon
Carnegie Mellon University
Chicago Public Schools
Harris Bank
Indianapolis Zoo
Intel Corporation
Pearson
Port of Portland
State of Illinois
Franklin Lakes, NJ
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh, PA
Chicago, IL
Chicago, IL
Indianapolis, IN
Santa Clara, CA
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Portland, OR
Springfield, IL
Onsite Generation
City of San Francisco San Francisco, CA
Phoenix Press, Inc. New Haven, CT
Green Power Partner of the Year
Kohl's Department Stores Menomonee Falls, Wl
Motorola Libertyville, IL
TDBank Cherry Hill, NJ
Whole Foods Market Austin, TX
Green Power Community of the Year
Corvallis Corvallis, OF!
Park City Park City, UT
33
-------
ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
Green Power—Energizing Communities Across the Country
Innovative municipalities across the country are partnering
with EPA to become Green Power Communities (GPCs).
Towns, villages, cities, counties, or Native American
communities become GPCs when local government,
businesses, and residents collectively buy green power
in amounts that meet or exceed EPA's Green Power
Partnership community purchase requirements. Between
2004 and 2010,33 communities mobilized to reduce their
carbon footprint by buying and using green power. Their
purchases helped avoid annual C02 emissions equivalent
to those from the electricity use of nearly 137,000 average
American homes.
The Green Power Community Challenge aims to double
the number of Green Power Communities nationwide. Over
the span of a year, EPA GPCs will track and report their
collective green power use and green power percentage
of total electricity use. GPCs will be ranked according to
these categories on EPA's website on a quarterly schedule.
At the conclusion of the Challenge, the community that has
the highest green power percentage and the community
that uses the most kWh of green power will receive national
recognition from EPA.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Expand community-level green power purchasing by
designing and launching the Green Power Community
Challenge to double the number of Green Power
Communities nationwide (see sidebar).
Explore innovative solutions that address the market
barriers potentially impeding the deployment of onsite
renewable energy systems by piloting the Clean
Energy Collaborative Procurement Initiative within the
Washington, DC, metro area.
Continue to support and recognize partners' green power
purchases while working with green power suppliers to
increase the market supply of attractive green power
products.
Increase the number of new partners by 15 percent in 2011.
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP
g CHP
A EPA COMBINED HEAT ANr
POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's CHP Partnership (CHPP)
encourages the use of high-
efficiency CHP technologies,
which are cleanerthan
separately produced electrical and thermal energy. CHP
projects are up to 60 percent more efficient than traditional
separate heat and power generation,12 and can also reduce
reliance on grid-supplied electricity, increase the reliability of
existing electricity supply systems, and help delay the need
to build new capacity.
To promote increased use of CHP, EPA works closely with
energy users, the CHP industry, state, local and tribal
governments, and other stakeholders to develop new CHP
projects and promote their environmental, economic, and
other benefits. Since the program's inception, the CHP
Partnership has made a significant impact on U.S. CHP
capacity—particularly over the past 5 years, annually
assisting up to 70 percent of the new CHP capacity additions
(see Table 13).
Achievements in 2010
• Welcomed 56 new partners, bringing the total to 409.
• Provided technical assistance to 19 candidate sites
across the country, such as universities, wastewater
treatment plants, biofuel refineries, federal facilities, and
data centers.
12 For more information, see www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.html.
Assisted in the deployment of more than 210 MW of new
CHP nationwide (out of more than 443 MW of total new
nationwide capacity), bringing the cumulative impact of
the program to over 5,000 MW of new CHP.
34
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CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Honored seven highly efficient CHP projects with the
ENERGY STAR CHP Award. These systems range in size
from 0.2 MW at a wastewater treatment facility to 66 MW
serving a 40,000-person university campus (see Table 14).
Included CHP as a Best Available Control Technology
(BACT) in the EPA GHG BACT white papers released
in December 2010. The white papers were developed
for seven sectors: electric generating units; industrial,
commercial, and institutional (ICI) boilers; pulp and paper;
cement; iron and steel; refineries; and nitric acid plants.
CHP's capacity to increase energy efficiency and thereby
reduce GHG emissions was essential to its inclusion in the
white papers.
TABLE 13. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share
YEAR
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total
TOTAL NEW CHP
CAPACITY (MW)
5,214
3,576
3,340
1,600
353
478
259
452
443
15,715
NEW CHP CAPACITY
CREDITABLE TO THE CHP
PARTNERSHIP (MW)
620 (12%)
516 (14%)
1,963 (59%)
821 (51%)
139 (39%)
340 (71%)
154 (59%)
298 (66%)
210 (47%)
5,061
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
• Publish a revised edition of a widely referenced report on
the potential of CHP in wastewater treatment facilities.
• Continue to assure that the emissions reduction
benefits of CHP are appropriately recognized in building
performance rating systems, standards, and guidelines
such as those developed by the American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED®).
• Continue to advance the positive treatment of CHP in new
or modified environmental policy and regulations.
Work with EPA regions on the application of output-based
standards, which recognize CHP's energy efficiency
attributes and its GHG emissions reduction capacity.
Reach out to federal stakeholders and state energy
agencies to facilitate including CHP in key climate and
energy plans and policies.
Develop a white paper to present a methodology for
assessing CHP emissions impacts.
Launch new online tools to help project developers and
facility owners evaluate potential CHP projects.
TABLE 14. 2010 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards
CHP Project
Eastern Maine Medical Center
Fairfield University
Gainesville Regional Utilities South
Energy Center
Landis Sewerage Authority
Port Arthur Steam Energy
UC San Diego
University of Missouri
Location
Bangor, ME
Fairfield, CT
Gainesville, FL
Vineland, NJ
Port Arthur, TX
San Diego, CA
Columbia, MO
CHPP Partner(s)
Solar Turbines, Vanderweil Engineers
Fairfield University, Nexant
Burns & McDonnell, Gainesville Regional
Utilities, Solar Turbines
Prodex
Gas Technology Institute
Jacobs Engineering Group, Solar Turbines
GE Energy, University of Missouri, Siemens,
Solar Turbines
35
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STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES
EPA helps state and local governments use clean energy and other strategies to reduce GHG emissions
and achieve other environmental, energy system, and economic benefits by providing technical assistance,
analytical tools, and peer exchange opportunities.
In 2010, state and local governments faced the dual challenge of making full use of ARRA clean energy
funding and preparing to comply with upcoming EPA regulations. To assist them, EPA:
• Introduced a comprehensive redesigned website for states and communities providing efficient access
to current climate and energy information, tools, reporting, and peer exchange opportunities.
• Announced the second round of grant funding for a second group of 25 Climate Showcase Communities
piloting local and tribal government climate change initiatives. The goal of the Showcase program is
to create replicable models of sustainable community projects that result in cost-effective and sustained
GHG reductions while improving the environmental, economic, human health, or social conditions in
a community.
• Hosted an extensive suite of webinars and supported peer exchange among states, local governments,
the heat island community, and energy efficiency practitioners. The most popular offering was a three-
part webinar series for state and local government personnel on ways to help their communities adapt
to climate change. The series covered risk analysis and communication to stakeholders; adaptation
planning and implementation; and integration of these efforts into existing operations.
36
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STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES
STATE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
Slate Cllmile ind Cnerjy Progran-
Achievements in 2010
Produced a draft paperthat
clarifies EPA guidance on
accounting for the impacts of
state energy efficiency and
renewable energy policies
and programs on air quality planning.
Developed a schematic that highlights opportunities
for states to factor in the effect of existing state energy
efficiency and renewable energy policies on baseline
emissions forecasts for their State Implementation Plans.
Released Assessing the Multiple Benefits of Clean
Energy, a new guide that explains the many energy,
environmental, health, and economic benefits that clean
energy can create and describes a range of methods
and tools that states and local governments can use to
estimate those benefits.
LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
Achievements in 2010
• Launched the first round of
25 projects under the Climate
Showcase Communities
program, hosted an intensive
workshop for grantees,
initiated a community of practice, and opened the
second application period for the Climate Showcase
Communities' $10 million grant program, receiving more
than 300 applications.
Local Cllmale and Energy Program
Issued a new Local Climate and Energy Strategy Guide
on Smart Growth, the latest installment in a series that
provides comprehensive, straightforward overviews
of GHG emissions reduction strategies that local
governments can use.
Increased connections with the reflective and green
roofing sectors by developing and participating in four
technical heat island forums.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond for the State and Local Climate and Energy Programs
Continue to provide technical assistance and support
that helps state and local governments achieve low-cost
emissions reductions and lays the groundwork for using
clean energy strategies to improve air quality and secure
other benefits.
Hold a second intensive workshop for the pilot
communities in the Climate Showcase Communities
program, and publicize their project accomplishments;
the combined grantee estimates across all 50 projects
indicate that by 2014, approximately 350,000 metric tons of
C02 equivalent emissions will be prevented annually.
• Encourage other governments to learn from and replicate
the success of the Climate Showcase Communities.
• Release three additional installments of the Local Climate
and Energy Strategy Series, including Transportation
Control Measures, Energy Efficiency in K-12 Schools, and
Energy Efficiency in Affordable Housing.
37
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
CLEAN ENERGY AND UTILITY POLICY PROGRAMS
Despite the proven economic and environmental benefits of
clean energy, a variety of barriers continues to deter utilities,
as well as state and local governments, from making greater
investments in cost-effective clean energy measures. During
2010, EPA provided information on existing program and
policy options to state utility regulators and policymakers
who were establishing and implementing cost-effective
energy efficiency in their states.
Achievements in 2010
• Continued co-facilitation of the
National Action Plan for Energy
Efficiency (Action Plan) with
DOE. In 2010, the Action Plan
continued to measure progress
toward its Vision for 2025, and
released two new issue papers
for utility regulators on how programs can be designed to
motivate customers to save energy.
• Partnered with DOE to release the new State and Local
Energy Efficiency Action Network (SEE Action). SEE
Action is the next phase of the Action Plan, assisting in
the implementation of energy efficiency across a broader
suite of state and local government policy and
program options.
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
• EPA will continue to co-chair the SEE Action Executive
Group and share policy and program options with states
working to remove persistent barriers to cost-effective
energy efficiency and CHR
38
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METHANE PROGRAMS
Methane (CH4) is an excellent candidate for reducing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere and
providing a clean energy resource in the process. Methane is the second most important GHG behind carbon
dioxide, and currently contributes one third of all anthropogenic (man-made) climate change. It also has a
relatively short atmospheric lifetime of about 9 to 15 years, which means that reductions made today will yield
positive results in the near term. And unlike other GHGs, methane is an important energy resource that allows
for cost-effective mitigation of GHGs. There are many opportunities to recover methane from the agriculture
(manure management), coal mining, oil and gas systems, and landfill sectors.
FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane
Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2020
700
EPA has established partnership programs with
industry to reduce methane emissions from
some of the largest sources by encouraging the
recovery and use of methane as energy. EPA's
programs—Natural Gas STAR, AgSTAR, the
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, and the
Landfill Methane Outreach Program—strive to
remove market barriers and increase investment
in cost-effective emissions reduction technologies
and practices.
• In 2010, the combined efforts of EPA's methane
programs resulted in GHG emissions reductions
of 71.0 MMTC02e, which is more than double
the total for 2000 (see Table 15, p. 40).
• Combined with a regulatory program to limit air emissions from the nation's largest landfills, these
partnerships have reduced emissions from targeted sources to 15 percent below 1990 levels. They are
projected to remain below 1990 levels through at least 2020 (see Figure 19).
EPA is also achieving results on a global scale by sharing its experience, expertise, and success in the United States
with partners around the world. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI), formerly known as the Methane to Markets
Partnership, works with 38 partner governments and more than 1,000 public and private sector organizations
internationally to accelerate the recovery and use of methane as a clean energy resource (see p. 46).
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
39
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
TABLE 15. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals
PROGRAM 2010 GOAL 2010 ACHIEVEMENT 2011 GOAL
NATURAL GAS STAR
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Gas Savings (MMTC02e)
62%
27.5
59%
38.0
58%
27.9
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTC02e)
9.9
9.9
10.1
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Number of Projects
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTC02e)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTC02e)
389
22.7
60.1
451
23.1
71.0
449
23.5
61.5
NATURAL GAS STAR PROGRAM
Natural Gas STAR is a flexible,
collaborative partnership between
EPA and oil and natural gas
companies, designed to spur
the adoption of cost-effective
technologies and practices that
reduce methane emissions. By working with both domestic
and international companies from oil production and all
sectors of the natural gas supply chain, Natural Gas STAR
helps reduce methane emissions, improve operational
efficiency, increase natural gas supply, and contribute to a
healthier global environment.
The program offers a full array of tools and resources—
including technology transfer workshops, lessons learned
studies, Partner Reported Opportunities (PRO) fact sheets,
technical reports and studies, a quarterly newsletter, and
peer networking forums—to assist companies in implementing
a wide range of cost-effective best management practices
and technologies to reduce methane emissions.
Achievements in 2010
Reduced U.S. methane emissions by 38.0 MMTC02e
through the efforts undertaken and reported by domestic
partners for 2010, achieving cumulative program
reductions of approximately 401 MMTC02e since 1990
(see Figure 20).
Continued to maintain about 60-percent industry
participation across all major sectors—production,
gathering and processing, transmission, and distribution.
Welcomed four new partner companies, bringing
the total to more than 140 domestic and international
partners.
Recognized 27 partner companies at the 17th Annual
Implementation Workshop in New Orleans, LA, for their
significant corporate achievements in reducing methane
emissions from oil and gas systems (see Table 16).
FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions
Reductions and Gas Savings
1,200 -i
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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METHANE PROGRAMS
• Conducted two domestic and two international Production
Sector Technology Transfer workshops.
• Hosted the combined Natural Gas STAR Annual
Implementation Workshop and GMI Oil & Gas
Subcommittee Meeting in November 2010, with the
objective of reaching a broader audience.
• Performed several measurement studies to evaluate
the feasibility of reducing methane emissions through
targeted technologies and practices. Provided training on
the various data analysis techniques and software tools
used in processing results from measurement studies.
Worked with other federal agencies to encourage
methane emissions reductions from production operations
on federal lands, particularly in the western United States.
What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Update existing program materials and develop new
tools that highlight the environmental and economic
benefits of reducing methane emissions to facilitate the
implementation of new projects.
Engage and collaborate with the GMI Oil & Gas
Subcommittee to leverage technical resources effectively.
Advance international program efforts in new geographical
areas, such as Indonesia and the Middle East.
Continue progress made under Natural Gas STAR
International with China, India, and Latin America to
implement new methane emissions reduction projects
through on-the-ground audits, project identification, and
prefeasibility studies.
Coordinate with federal and state agencies to address
methane emissions from federal lands, focusing on
activities in the western United States.
TABLE 16. 2010 Natural Gas STAR Awards
Production Partner of the Year
El Paso E&P Company, L.P. Houston, TX
Gathering and Processing Partner of the Year
ONEOK Partners
Transmission Partner of the Year
Kinder Morgan (Natural Gas Pipelines)
Distribution Partner of the Year
New Jersey Natural Gas Company
Implementation Manager of the Year
Mike Pontiff, Newfield Exploration
Company
Rookie of the Year
HighMountE&PLLC
International Partner of the Year
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.
Continuing Excellence - 17 Years
Consolidated Edison Company
of New York, Inc.
National Grid
UGI Utilities, Inc.
Washington Gas
Williams Gas Pipeline
Tulsa, OK
Houston, TX
Wall, NJ
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
New Delhi, India
New York, NY
Westborough, MA
Heading, PA
Washington, DC
Tulsa, OK
Continuing Excellence -15 Years
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation
Orange and Rockland Utilities, Inc.
Public Service Electric and Gas Company
Continuing Excellence -10 Years
Hess Corporation's Americas Exploration New York, NY
and Production
Poughkeepsie, NY
Pearl Fiver, NY
Newark, NJ
Continuing Excellence - 7 Years
Devon Energy
Puget Sound Energy
Shell Exploration and Production Company
Continuing Excellence - 5 Years
Alliance Pipeline LP
Consumers Energy
Equitable Gas Co.
Marathon Oil Company
New Jersey Natural Gas Company
New Mexico Gas Company
Nicor Gas
ONEOK Partners
Panhandle Eastern Pipe Line Company
Quicksilver Resources
Oklahoma City, OK
Bellevue, WA
Houston, TX
Eden Prairie, MN
Jackson, Ml
Pittsburgh, PA
Houston, TX
Wall, NJ
Albuquerque, NM
Naperville, IL
Tulsa, OK
Houston, TX
Fort Worth, TX
41
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
AGSTAR PROGRAM
Biogas recovery systems help reduce
GHG emissions by enabling the
recovery and use of methane from
animal manure and other organic
wastes. A biogas recovery system
is typically anchored by a manure
digester that captures and combusts
biogas to produce electricity, heat, or hot water. In addition
to avoiding methane emissions, digester systems also reduce
local water and air pollution, act as a source of renewable
energy, provide rural economic development, better manage
nutrients, and generate other value-added products (e.g.,
manure fibers) that improve farm revenues.
Through the AgSTAR Program, EPA partners with the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) to collaborate with the
nation's agriculture industry to reduce methane emissions
by promoting the use of biogas recovery systems to manage
animal waste. EPA offers an array of tools and information
designed to assist livestock producers in evaluating and
implementing methane recovery systems. Currently, there are
more than 200 manure digester systems operating or under
construction in the United States.
Achievements in 2010
Provided technical support to USDA in selecting 19
anaerobic digester projects for grant and loan funding
through the Farm Bill.
Supported digester-to-energy projects that produced
more than 450 million kWh of renewable energy from
farms capturing methane.
Expanded the AgSTAR State Partner program to nine
states to more effectively leverage expertise and
resources within state energy and environmental
organizations, while accelerating the adoption of digester
systems.
Updated and expanded the AgSTAR national digester
database to include 162 operating digesters and track the 79
digester projects that are under construction or shut down.
What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Provide technical expertise to enable the distribution
of state and federal grant and loan funds to anaerobic
digester projects through USDA and other funding
sources.
Expand outreach and education to livestock producers
and other stakeholders through extension events, industry
meetings, and renewable energy conferences.
Evaluate emerging digester and biogas use technologies.
Enhance the AgSTAR program website to provide
improved tools and resources targeted to livestock
producers, project developers, and policymakers.
Hold the seventh AgSTAR National Conference, as well
as regional events, to provide environmental, program,
market, technical, and funding information on anaerobic
digestion systems.
Track the latest information on the deployment of
anaerobic digestion systems in the United States through
the AgSTAR national digester database.
42
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METHANE PROGRAMS
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
U.S EPA
Coalbed Methane
\ A /OUTBEACH pnoGflAi*
^r~f
The Coalbed Methane Outreach
Program (CMOP) strives to reduce
methane emissions from coal mining
activities. Coal mine methane (CMM)
is a potent GHG and can be an
explosive hazard inside mines. But if
CMM is recovered safely and used for
energy, it is a valuable, clean-burning fuel source. CMOP
collaborates with coal companies and related industries
to reduce methane emissions through the development of
environmentally beneficial, cost-effective CMM recovery and
utilization projects.
The program primarily focuses on mitigating emissions
from underground coal mines, both from degasification
systems and from mine ventilation systems, as well as
from abandoned (closed) underground mines and active
surface mines. CMOP provides high-quality, project-specific
information and technical assistance to the coal mining
industry and project developers, including identifying
project sites, analyzing and demonstrating technologies,
conducting mine-specific project feasibility assessments and
market evaluations, and analyzing financial incentives and
regulatory hurdles.
Achievements in 2010
• Increased the percentage of drained CMM that is
recovered and used to approximately 83 percent—up
from 25 percent in the early 1990s.
• Reduced emissions of methane by an estimated
9.9 MMTC02e. These results include reductions from
about 14 active underground coal mines, as well as
reductions from around 25 projects that captured and
used methane from approximately 38 closed underground
U.S. coal mines.
• Announced two new ventilation air methane (VAM)
mitigation projects at active U.S. coal mines and promoted
the continued success of the first-ever VAM mitigation
project that was launched in 2009. These projects were
made possible by CMOP's extensive technical and
outreach efforts over the years, including a successful
VAM technology demonstration project cosponsored
with DOE.
• Hosted the 2010 U.S. Coal Mine Methane Annual
Conference, which attracted a record number of
attendees and exhibitors. This conference is the only
forum of its kind to address the opportunities and
challenges of CMM project development in the
United States.
• Refined tools to assist potential CMM project developers,
including an online cash flow model to assess project
finance and economics, as well as a map tool that
indicates the locations and key attributes of U.S. CMM
recovery and use projects, and potential sites.
What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Update technical reports and analytical tools to provide
the latest information on how to recover CMM and use
it effectively.
Directly engage project developers, investors, technology
vendors, and the mining community through tailored
outreach events, including the 2011 U.S. Coal Mine
Methane Annual Conference.
Evaluate opportunities for new CMM recovery and
utilization projects.
Work with other federal agencies to address unique
challenges and barriers to CMM recovery projects on
federal lands, particularly in the western United States.
43
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
LANDFILL METHANE
OUIKKH PROGRAM
Landfill gas (LFG) energy projects prevent
direct methane emissions from landfills
and reduce indirect C02 emissions by
displacing energy generated from the
burning of fossil fuels with LFG, an
alternative energy source (see Figure 21).
Through the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP),
EPA provides landfill owners and operators a suite of
tools and technical resources to help them overcome the
obstacles to developing LFG energy projects. LMOP
provides technical assistance to both smaller landfills not
covered by EPA regulations and larger, regulated operations
that are combusting their gas but notyet using it as a clean
energy source.
Over the past 16 years, LMOP has celebrated assisting
502 LFG energy projects, and surpassing 550 operational
projects nationally (see Figure 22). These LMOP-assisted
projects have collectively reduced methane emissions from
landfills and avoided emissions totaling 188.5 MMTC02e; they
are partially responsible for the approximately 20-percent
decrease in methane emissions from landfills since 1990.
FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects
250-i
1,400
1,200
1,000
400 S-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Achievements in 2010
• Reduced methane emissions by 23.1 MMTC02e, partly as
a result of helping to develop 36 new LFG energy projects
and expand 10 existing projects.
• Welcomed 90 new partners, increasing participation by
10 percent and bringing the total to over 960.
• Provided stakeholders with technical assistance that
included performing 83 cost analyses, conducting
29 locator searches to match end-users with landfills,
and running gas generation models for 25 potential LFG
energy projects.
Garnered public attention for LMOP partners and LFG
energy projects, which were featured by numerous media
outlets, including the Associated Press, Energy Today,
and 7776 Ledger Independent. Supported four ribbon
cuttings and one groundbreaking event with informational
resources and materials.
Recognized the outstanding accomplishments of one
landfill methane partner and five exemplary projects at
the 14th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo (see
Table 17).
-------
FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas (LFG) Energy Projects Across the Country
METHANE PROGRAMS
NEW MEXICO
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
Increasing Operational LFG Energy Projects
<5
5-15 16-20
(Number of Projects)
>20
What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond
Assist in the development of more than 35 new LFG
energy projects.
Expand efforts to promote the benefits of LFG energy
to state and local economic development offices,
emphasizing job creation and tax revenue opportunities.
• Host the 15th Annual LMOP Conference, Project Expo, and
Awards Ceremony to showcase the top LMOP partners
and projects and discuss the latest industry trends.
• Continue to provide current information on incentives
for LFG energy through fact sheets and list serve
announcements.
TABLE 17. 2010 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
Projects of the Year
Frederick County
Electricity Project
Montgomery Regional
Solid Waste Authority
Small Engine Project
Newton County Renewable
Energy Business Park
LFG Direct-Use Project
Winchester, VA
Christiansburg, VA
Brook, IN
Crow Wing County
Small On-site LFG Boiler Project
Hoffman Road LFG and
BayViewWWTP
Digester Gas 10-MW Project
Community Partner of the Year
Escambia County
Brainerd, MN
Toledo, OH
Pensacola, FL
45
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
Global
Methane Initiative
Methane to Markets Partnership Becomes Global
Methane Initiative
On October 1,2010, in
Mexico City, Mexico, 38
partner governments
launched the Global
Methane Initiative (GMI)
to urge stronger international action to protect the
environment while developing clean energy and stronger
economies. Through Methane to Markets (M2M), U.S.-
supported projects have grown to nearly 600 sites around
the world. From 2005 through 2010, the cumulative reduction
from projects at those sites was more than 128 MMTC02e
(see Figure 23). U.S. contributions have leveraged nearly
$390 million in investments from other partner countries,
development banks, and the private and public sectors.
GMI builds on the success and structure of M2M, but
broadens the scope to include additional emissions
sources and new approaches to methane abatement. The
Initiative also advances the development of national action
plans and brings new resourcesto increase international
collaboration.
GMI will expand the efforts begun under the M2M
Partnership in three key ways:
• Wider Scope. The Initiative broadens the scope from
methane capture and use to methane abatement
and destruction, and includes new sectors such as
municipal wastewater.
• GMI Partner Action Plans. All partner countries
will develop action plans for coordinating methane
reduction efforts at home and abroad. These action
plans will identify barriers to project implementation,
target opportunities for comprehensive efforts to reduce
methane emissions in partner countries, and help
coordinate assistance efforts among partner countries.
• New Resource Commitments. M2M has demonstrated
global methane mitigation successes, but with greater
financial and human resource commitments, GMI will be
able to realize even greater achievements.
With those important changes, GMI will serve to build
capacity and identify needs and opportunities for
advancing reduction efforts within partner countries,
while providing a framework for ensuring coordination and
leveraging the Initiative's collective resources.
EPA is leading other federal agencies in working with
GMI partners—38 partner governments and more than
1,000 private and public sector organizations (the Project
Network). The Initiative demonstrates how countries
and the private sector can work cooperatively to reduce
GHG emissions, stimulate economic growth, develop new
sources of energy, and improve local environmental quality.
In 2011, EPA and its GMI partners will:
• Seek to engage existing and new partners in developing
new projects and achieving greater reductions.
• Work with all partners to develop country-level action
plans on methane and explore new project opportunities
in the wastewater sector.
• Begin planning for a GMI Expo that will be held in 2012
or 2013.
FIGURE 23. GHG Reductions From U.S.-Supported GMI Projects
35
30
CD
CJ
25
^- 20
QC
CJ3
15
10
2005 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
EPA's voluntary fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs continue to make significant
reductions in potent GHG emissions. The fluorinated gases—including perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are in several cases a
byproduct of some U.S. industrial operations. HFCs, on the other hand, are principally used as replacements
for GHGs that also deplete the ozone layer. Ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, insulating foams,
and other products, but are being phased out globally under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Through its partnership programs, EPA works closely with participating industries to identify cost-effective
emissions reduction opportunities, recognize industry accomplishments, and facilitate the transition toward
environmentally friendlier technologies and best environmental practices. Partners include aluminum
producers, HCFC-22 producers, semiconductor manufacturers, electrical transmission and distribution
system operators, magnesium producers and processors, supermarkets, utilities, and appliance retailers
and manufacturers. Although FGHGs account for a small portion of total U.S. GHG emissions, they have
very high global warming potentials (GWPs). FGHGs trap substantially more heat in the atmosphere than
does C02 on a per-mass basis, and some can have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than C02 (see Table
18, p. 48).
The combined efforts of the FGHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions substantially
below baseline levels—an impressive achievement given the potential for sizable growth in many of
these industries. In 2010 alone, FGHG emissions reductions across the partnership programs totaled
52.0 MMTC02e (see Table 19, p. 48).^Additionally, emissions are expected to stay at the levels shown in
Figure 24, p. 48, as EPA continues to support partners in their efforts to improve industrial processes and
share best practices.
' These are emissions reductions from voluntary programs and do not include reductions from regulatory programs such as the Significant New Alternatives Policy ISNAP) program.
47
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
TABLE 18. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric
Lifetimes of GHGs
FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions
of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012*
GREENHOUSE GAS
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
HFC-134a
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur Hexafluoride
GLOBAL WARMING
POTENTIAL FOR 100
YEARS
1
21
310
140-11,700
1,300
6,500-9,200
23,900
100
ATMOSPHERIC ^BBj
LIFETIME (YEARS) I flM
50-200
12±3
120
|
.E 60
VI
0
.2 40
1.5-264 £
CD
14 V 20
3,200 - 50,000
3,200
0
WITHOUT PARTNER ACTIONS
WITH PARTNER ACTIONS
Source: IPCC 1996
1990 1995 2000 2005
Figure does not include data from RAD or GreenChill programs.
2010 2012
TABLE 19. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs
PROGRAM 2010 GOAL 2010 ACHIEVEMENT 2011 GOAL
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
99%
8.1
99%
8.1*
99%
8.1
HFC-23
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)*
100%
23.1
100%
18.3*
100%
22.0
OTHER STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Industry Participation (% in program)**
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
50-100%
25.3
50-100%
23.1
50-100%
27.5
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL (RAD)
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
—
—
7.8%
0.1
10.5%
0.2
GREENCHILL
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTC02e)
—
—
56.5
16.0%
2.4
52.0***
17.3%
2.6
60.4
*EPA estimate made prior to 20W industry reporting under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.
** Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.
***Due to the global recession, lower production resulted in lower than forecast reductions.
48
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
THE VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
PAKTMtHSHIH
The Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership (VAIP)
met its goal of reducing
direct carbon intensity
by 53 percent from 1990
levels by 2010. The industry's successful strategy included
optimizing the production process through technical and
managerial improvements. Since 1995, EPA and the U.S.
primary aluminum industry have worked together through
VAIP, which now represents 98 percent of U.S. production
capacity, to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions
from aluminum production. PFC emissions of
perfluoromethane (CF4) and perfluoroethane (C2F6) are
inadvertent byproducts of the smelting process, and
emissions of C02 are caused by the consumption of the
carbon anode. EPA supports partners by providing technical
assistance to evaluate the factors that influence PFC
emissions, sharing best practices, and recognizing partners
for their commitment to cutting emissions.
Achievements in 2010
Reduced direct GHG emissions by 8.1 MMTC02e, which
represents reduced PFC emissions of more than
60 percent, and reduced direct carbon emissions more
than 53 percent on a per-ton basis compared with the
industry's 1990 baseline.14
Continued work with Australia, Canada, and China to
implement PFC reduction strategies through training and
a pilot project to demonstrate automated anode effect
termination.
Completed evaluation of non-anode effect PFC emissions.
HFC-23 EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM
HFC-23 is a byproduct in the production of HCFC-22, a
common commercial and residential air conditioning
refrigerant. Through its partnership with 100 percent of the
U.S. HCFC-22 industry, EPA encourages the development
and implementation of feasible, cost-effective processing
practices and technologies that reduce HFC-23 emissions.
Since the partnership began in 1993, U.S. HCFC-22
manufacturers have made significant progress in lowering
emissions of HFC-23 through process optimization and
thermal destruction. As a result, HFC-23 emissions intensity
has dropped dramatically.15
Achievements in 2010
Reduced emissions by 18.3 MMTC02e below what they
would have been had production continued at 1990
emissions intensity levels.16
"EPA estimate in advance of 20W mandatory reporting through the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.
11 HFC-23 emissions intensity is the amount of HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22 manufa ctured.
" EPA estimate made prior to industry reporting under the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION/CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP FOR THE
SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
In 2000, the World Semiconductor
Council (WSC) set the first industry-wide
global GHG emissions reduction target.
In 2010, EPA's FGHG Reduction/Climate
Partnership for the Semiconductor
Industry met this goal by reducing
aggregate emissions by at least
10 percent below the 1995 baseline level. EPA established its
partnership with the semiconductor industry in 1996 and has
supported partners in their efforts to identify and implement
FGHG-reducing process changes and manufacturing tool
improvements for the production of integrated circuits.
The industry has developed technological improvements in
four key areas: process improvements/source reductions,
alternative chemicals, capture and beneficial reuse, and
destruction technologies.
The semiconductor industry remains committed to climate
protection. The present challenges for WSC and EPA include
maintaining flexibility and dynamic leadership that takes into
account emerging production centers in China, Malaysia,
and Singapore, as well as expanding cooperation with
related high-tech electronics manufacturing sectors.
Achievements in 2010
Reduced absolute FGHG emissions by 12.8 MMTC02e
or more than 30 percent below 1995 levels, while U.S.
manufacturing continued to expand.
Achieved a 10-percent reduction in aggregate emissions
by the end of 2010, meeting the objectives of the 2000
WSC memorandum of understanding.
Promoted a new cooperative global electronics industry
framework for comprehensively addressing climate
change at the 2010 International High Technology
Environment, Safety, and Health (IHTESH) conference in
Taiwan. This expanded model of cooperation will facilitate
information sharing among the major related electronics
manufacturing sectors—such as semiconductors, liquid
crystal displays (LCDs), microelectrical mechanical
systems (MEMs), and photovoltaics—all of which are
pursuing comparable climate protection goals.
SF, EMISSION REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
SF6 is the most potent and persistent
GHG—it traps 23,900 times more
infrared radiation than the
equivalent amount of C02 (see
Table 18, p. 48). Used primarily by
electric utilities, SF6 is a gaseous
dielectric for high-voltage circuit breakers and gas-
insulated substations. As such, utilities nationwide have the
opportunity to make a big difference in the nation's emissions
ofSFc.
EPA partners with 83 electric power companies through the
voluntary SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for Electric
Power Systems. EPA works with the industry to share
information about best management practices and cost-
effective operational improvements, such as detecting and
repairing leaks, using recycling equipment, and educating
and training employees. In addition to providing a means to
actively address climate change, this program has helped
partner companies reap financial savings through reduced
SF6 gas purchases. Members of the partnership represent
47 percent of the total U.S. transmission system.
50
Achievements in 2010
Reduced emissions by 9.5 MMTC02e, bringing average SF6
emissions rates down to 4.4 percent of the total equipment
nameplate capacity.
Conducted a partners meeting on reducing SF6 emissions
in Dallas, TX. Guest speakers reviewed the evolving
national and state legislative and regulatory programs
related to climate protection and GHG reductions. The
2-day event, hosted by partner company Oncor, included
a site visit to a state-of-the-art substation where SF.
b
reduction techniques were demonstrated.
Continued to work with partners to update their SF6
reduction goals.
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
SF, EMISSION REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR THE MAGNESIUM INDUSTRY
The SF. Emission Reduction
b
Partnership for the Magnesium
Industry brings EPA together
with U.S. magnesium industry
partners and the International
Magnesium Association (IMA) to
identify and adopt best management practices for reducing
and eliminating emissions of SF Launched in 1999, this
Sf* Emission Reduction
Partnership for the Magnesium Industry
partnership works to reduce SF6 emissions from magnesium
production and casting operations; more than 80 percent of
the U.S. magnesium industry participates. The industry has
made great progress in reducing emissions by optimizing
equipment design and improving SF6 gas management
practices. Partners and IMA are working toward an
ambitious goal, set in 2003, to completely eliminate their
firms' SF,, emissions.
Achievements in 2010
Reduced SF6 emissions equivalent to 0.7 MMTC02e. 2010
was the eleventh year in which EPA collected annual SF6
emissions reports from magnesium industry partners.
Maintained U.S. industry participation in the partnership,
representing 100 percent of primary magnesium
production and 80 percent of domestic casting and
recycling capacity.
Hosted a partnership webinar to review the status of the
global reduction goal and discuss sector-specific climate
protection options, including the challenges and benefits
of switching to alternative melt protection technologies.
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL (RAD) PROGRAM
Responsible Appliance
L Disposal Program
&RAD
EPA launched the Responsible
Appliance Disposal (RAD)
Program in October 2006 to help
protect the ozone layer and
reduce GHG emissions. Partners
go above and beyond the regulations to ensure the disposal
of appliance foam and refrigerant from old refrigerators,
freezers, window air conditioners, and dehumidifiers using
the best environmental practices available. EPA also works
with partners to prevent the release of hazardous materials
like mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well
as save landfill space and energy by recycling durable
materials—eliminating the need to produce virgin materials.
The RAD Program invites utilities, retailers, manufacturers,
state and local governments, universities, and other
qualifying organizations to become partners.
EPA calculates stratospheric ozone benefits, climate
benefits, and energy savings achieved by RAD partners.
EPA also provides support for implementing and developing
responsible appliance disposal programs and recognizes
partners through press releases, brochures, and case
studies on the RAD website.
Achievements in 2010
Avoided emissions of 0.1 MMTC02e and over 400,000
pounds of ozone-depleting substances through the
proper disposal of more than 735,000 refrigerant-
containing appliances.
Welcomed West Virginia as the first RAD state affiliate
to help promote the RAD Program through information
dissemination and strategic outreach.
Worked with the tribal community of Yakama Nation to
collect and recycle 192 refrigerators and freezers using
best practices. In addition to achieving environmental
benefits, the pilot program provided short-term
employment, financial incentives in return for refrigerator
disposal, and education about proper waste disposal to
the Yakama Nation community.
51
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
GREENCHILL PARTNERSHIP
EPA's GreenChill Partnership works
with the supermarket industry
to reduce refrigerant emissions
that harm the ozone layer and
contribute to climate change.
Supermarket refrigerant emissions
are approximately 2,000 to 4,000 times more potent global
warmers than carbon dioxide. Supermarkets leak about
35 million pounds of these refrigerants annually.
GreenChill has three programs: the Corporate Emissions
Reduction Program, the Store Certification Program, and the
Advanced Refrigeration Program. They help supermarkets
transition to environmentally friendlier refrigerants, reduce
the amount of refrigerant used, eliminate refrigerant leaks,
and adopt green refrigeration technologies and best
environmental practices.
GreenChill's Corporate Emissions Reduction Program currently
has 54 partners with 7,300 stores—over 20 percent of the
supermarket industry. The Store Certification Program
encourages emissions reductions by setting standards
for individual stores' refrigerant leak rates, the types of
refrigerant used, and the amount of refrigerant used. Stores
that achieve GreenChill's certification emit at least 65 percent
less refrigerant than a typical store.
Achievements in 2010
GreenChill partners have an average annual leak rate
(13 percent) that is almost 50 percent lower than the
national average annual leak rate (25 percent).
Partners have reduced GHG refrigerant emissions by a
cumulative 157,000 metric tons since 2007, GreenChill's
baseline year.
An average GreenChill store's climate impact due to
refrigerant leaks (464 MTC02e) was 55 percent lower than
the national average store's (1,052 MTC02e).
What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond for the FGHG Programs
The FGHG partnership programs will continue to work
closely with their partners and implement strategies to keep
emissions below baseline levels. EPA plans to:
• Benchmark current emissions reduction options and
costs for high FGHG emitters to support partnership and
policymaking activities.
• Where required, facilitate partner efforts to transition from
voluntary to the mandatory emissions reporting required
for calendaryear 2011.
• Host an International SF. Emissions Reduction Conference
b
for Electric Power Systems.
• Supporttraining programs to ensure electric power
partners collect and report high-quality data.
• Support efforts of the magnesium industry to globally
eliminate emissions of SF6 by demonstrating alternative
melt protection technologies for primary producers and
secondary ingot casters.
Maintain partnership efforts with HCFC-22 chemical
manufacturers to continue to reduce emissions of HFC-23.
Continue to recruit RAD partners and promote the
disposal of refrigerant-containing appliances using the
best available environmental practices.
Continue to recruit additional GreenChill supermarket
partners. Benchmark partner HFC and HCFC refrigerant
emissions reductions. Facilitate partners'transition to
environmentally friendlier refrigerants and advanced
technologies and practices. Encourage store design
improvements to prevent emissions, rather than
repairthem.
52
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
Demonstrating Progress: Measuring Results of the EPA Climate Protection Partnership Programs
EPA's climate protection programs are an important component of the U.S. government's strategy to
address climate change. EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-
established methods to estimate the benefits of its programs. For each program, EPA has a robust process
in place to regularly review and improve the program evaluation approaches.
The approaches used for each specific program are summarized in the sections below. They vary by
program strategy, sector, availability of data, and market characteristics. To present the most realistic
estimates of program benefits, EPA employs a common analytical framework across all of the individual
program approaches:
• The benefits discussed represent the results attributable to EPA efforts above pre-existing trends or
business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios.
• Program methods address data quality, potential double counting with other EPA programs, free-
ridership, the efforts of third-party actors, and other program-specific market effects.
• Where marginal uncertainty exists, EPA uses the best available information and best practices that yield
conservative benefit estimates.
• Cumulative estimated benefits reflect the stream of energy savings that will persist through 2020 due
to investments made through 2010. For this analysis, EPA assumes no new investments will be made
through its programs in 2011 or beyond.
• Financial benefits are placed in presentvalue terms.
Environmental and financial benefits for 2010 and the cumulative benefits through 2020 are summarized
in Table 2 on page 5. The historical environmental benefits and cost effectiveness of these programs are
summarized on pages 54 and 55 (see Table 20, p. 55). The information presented in this report is similar to
much of the information used in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Program Assessment
Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA programs to be achieving their goals.
53
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
EPA Programs Are Highly Cost-Effective Mechanisms for Reducing GHG Emissions
EPA's climate protection programs are a very cost-effective approach for reducing U.S. GHG emissions. Moreover, it is clear
from sources such as the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report and McKinsey's study, "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
How Much at What Cost?" that there are still great untapped opportunities for these programs to capture—meaning they
will continue to be cost-effective far into the future. Every federal dollar spent on these partnership programs through 2010
means:
• Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 3.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.
• Savings for partners and consumers of more than $75 on their energy bills.
• Private sector investment of more than $15.
• A net savings of more than $60.
ENERGY STAR
Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA helps U.S.
businesses and consumers save money and reduce GHG
emissions by labeling energy-efficient products, raising
the bar of energy efficiency in new home construction,
and encouraging superior energy management practices
in the commercial and industrial sectors. The methods
for estimating the benefits of each of these strategies are
described below.
Products
• Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program
are determined as those above and beyond established
BAU purchases of these products."These sales are
estimated by:
• Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR
qualifying products from participating product
manufacturers as a condition of partnership and
supplementing these data with industry reports on
total annual product sales, as necessary. The data
are screened and issues resolved.
• Using established BAU baselines for annual product
sales for each product category. These baselines use
historic data and expert judgment, and they typically
reflect increasing market shares for efficient products
and increasing product efficiencies overtime.
• Applying a conservative estimate of the effect of
market transformation to account for EPA efforts
when product specifications are revised and qualified
product shipments fall as manufacturers transition to
the new specification.
Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the difference in annual energy use between a
single ENERGY STAR product and a typically purchased
product. For these values, EPA:
• Assumes that ENERGY STAR qualified products just
meet the ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there
are some products that exceed this levels.
• Assumes the typically purchased product meets
minimum efficiency standards where standards
exist or uses the average energy use for the product
category where there are no standards.
• Supports primary data collection, such as product
metering to collect power use information, where
additional information is necessary to estimate
energy savings.
• Uses product-specific lifetimes that vary from 4 to
20 years. While those who purchase an ENERGY
STAR qualified product are likely to replace it with
one, EPA includes only a fraction of replacement
purchases and investments in the program benefits.
Peak power savings are estimated using product-specific
factors that reflect the contribution of the annual energy
savings from a product to peak load savings.
"For more details on many aspects of this method, see Woman et al. 2011 and Weber et al. 2000.
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
TABLE 20. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions Since 2000
PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR
Climate Leaders
State Climate and
Energy Program
SCOPE OF
PARTNERS
GHG REDUCTIONS1 (MMTCO,e)
ADDRESSED KEYSECTOR(S) AS OF 2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
CO,
All
CO,
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY'
Green Power
Partnership
Combined
Heat & Power
Partnership
CO,
CO,
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas
STAR
Coalbed Methane
Outreach
Program (CMOP)
Landfill Methane
Outreach
Program (LMOP)
CH,
CH,
CH,
Residential,
Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
State
Government
State & Local
Government,
Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
Natural Gas
Coal Mining
Waste
Management
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Voluntary
Aluminum
Industrial
Partnership
HFC-23
Partnership
PFCs
HFCs
Aluminum
Smelting
Stewardship
Programs
Responsible
Appliance
Disposal (RAD)3
GreenChill
Partnership3
SF6 PFCs
HFCs
HFCs
Chemical
Industry
Magnesium
Production,
Semiconductor
Manufacturing,
Electric Power
Systems
Utility, Retail,
Manufacturer,
State & Local
Government
Supermarket
Industry
20,000 53.5 64.9 78.1 91.7 103.8 115.5 128.3 144.8 156.2 169.8 195.7
360
1,300
400
59% of
industry
960
99% of
industry
100% of
industry
34
52
Climate Leaders' reductions are reflected in the data shown for
other programs.
— 2.2 3.7 7.3 11.7 13.6 17.6 22.4 23.8 26.4
15.0 17.6 20.9 22.0 29.0 37.0 34.5 37.4 46.2 34.5 38.0
7.7 8.4 6.2 6.2 7.3 7.3 9.2 8.1 8.1 8.8 9.9
7.9 11.0 13.4 13.8 14.4 14.9 15.7 18.2 19.0 20.6 23.1
7.3 7.7 6.6 8.1 8.1 8.4
9.2 9.2 8.1 8.1
17.2 18.7 16.5 22.4 23.5 22.7 25.7 25.7 26.8 18.3 18.3
50% -
100% of 2.9 2.9 4.8 6.6 11.4 11.0 14.3 15.8 18.3 18.7 23.1
industry
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
1.5 1.8 2.2 2.4
' These reductions reflect the most up-to-date data collected from EPA partners and may differ from reductions reported in previous annual reports.
2 GHG reductions are for both the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership.
3 Does not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of 0.5-1.5 MMTC02e.
—: Not applicable
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
• Net energy bill savings is the present value (PV) of energy
bill savings minus the PV of any incremental cost of
purchasing an ENERGY STAR qualified product above
a standard model over the product lifetimes discussed
above.18 All energy bill calculations use national sector-
specific fuel prices.
• Avoided emissions of GHGs for 2010 are determined using
marginal emissions factors for C02 equivalency based
on factors established as part of the U.S. government's
reporting process to the UN Framework Convention on
Climate Change, as well as historical emissions data
from EPA's eGRID database.19 For future years, EPA uses
factors derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of
the integrated utility dispatch model, Integrated Planning
Model (IPM®).20
New Homes
• EPA receives data quarterly from third-party verifiers
(home energy raters) on the number of homes they
verified to be ENERGY STAR, as a condition of program
partnership. These raters abide by a set of quality
assurance practices to ensure data quality. In addition,
EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves any
data irregularities.
• EPA recognizes that some new homes that qualify for
ENERGY STAR are not a direct result of the program and
that many homes built to ENERGY STAR levels due to
the program are not labeled or reported to the program.
Currently, EPA estimates the former number of homes to
be lower than the latter.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the energy savings from a home that meets the
ENERGY STAR specification relative to a home built to
code. Energy bill savings are calculated using a similar
approach as for products and average national energy
prices for the residential sector. The average lifetime of a
home for both energy and bill savings is 30 years.
• Peak power savings and avoided emissions of GHGs are
determined using approaches similar to those described
for products.
Commercial Buildings
• Annual electricity and natural gas savings are determined
based on a peer-reviewed methodology developed for the
commercial building sector.21 The methodology involves
a counterfactual econometric analysis that forecasts
state level electricity use in the absence of commercial
building energy efficiency programs. Key determinants
of electricity demand that are controlled for in the
analysis include state energy prices, weather conditions,
economic conditions, other federal programs—such
as DOE's Rebuild and Federal Energy Management
Program (FEMP)—and the long-term U.S. trend in
commercial sector electronic technologies. Once the
net national change in electricity use due to publicly
funded energy efficiency programs is calculated, ENERGY
STAR accomplishments are differentiated from other
national and regional demand-side management (DSM)
and market transformation programs. The methodology
used for 2010 is an update of two former peer-reviewed
methodologies used by EPA; nevertheless, the results
of all three methodologies yield consistent estimates of
ENERGY STAR accomplishments.22
• The peak power savings are estimated using system-
specific factors that reflect the contribution of the energy
savings from lighting and other building improvements to
peak load savings.
• As with products, net energy bill savings reflect the
incremental investment necessary to upgrade the building
to ENERGY STAR specifications determined by using
simple payback period decision criteria. EPA assumes
most building and industrial facility improvements last
at least 10 years and uses national commercial sector
fuel prices.
• Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using marginal
emissions factors for C02 equivalency as with products.
Industry
Annual industrial electricity and natural gas savings are
determined using a peer-reviewed methodology similar to that
used for the commercial sector.23 The methodology distinguishes
savings due to ENERGY STAR from those due to utility-run DSM
programs and other market transformation programs such as
DOE's Industrial Technology Program (ITP). GHG emissions
are calculated using marginal C02 equivalency emissions as
with products.
"Calculated using a 7% discount rats and 2010 perspective.
" For more details on eGRID, see U.S. EPA 2011 a.
21 For more details on IPM, see U.S. EPA 2010.
21 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2011 a and 2007.
22'Formore details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2011a.
23 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2011b. For more details on previous methods see Horowitz, M.J. 2004 and 2001.
56
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
THE CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership
The CHP Partnership dismantles the market barriers stifling
investment in environmentally beneficial CHP projects.
Program partners such as project owners voluntarily provide
project-specific information on newly operational CHP
projects to EPA. These data are screened and any
issues resolved.
Energy savings are determined on a project-by-project
basis, based on fuel type, system capacity, and operational
profile. Estimates of the use of fossil and renewable fuels are
developed, as well as the efficiency of thermal and electrical
use or generation, as appropriate.
Emissions reductions are calculated on a project-by-
project basis to reflect the greater efficiency of onsite CHP.
Avoided emissions of GHGs from more efficient energy
generation are determined using marginal emissions factors
derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of IPM, and
displaced emissions from boiler-produced thermal energy
are developed through engineering estimates. In addition,
emissions reductions may include avoided transmission and
distribution losses, as appropriate.
Only the emissions reductions from projects that meet the
assistance criteria for the program are included in the
program benefit estimates. EPA also addresses the
potential for double counting benefits between this and
other partnerships by having program staff meet annually to
identify and resolve any overlap issues.
Green Power Partnership
The Green Power Partnership boosts supply of clean energy
by helping U.S. organizations purchase electricity from
eligible renewable generation sources. As a condition of
partnership, program partners submit data annually on their
purchases of qualifying green power products. These data
are screened and any issues resolved.
Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using marginal
emissions factors for C02 derived from scenario runs of IPM.
The potential for double counting, such as counting
green power purchases that may be required as part of a
renewable portfolio standard or may rely on resources that
are already part of the system mix, is addressed through a
partnership requirement that green power purchases be
incremental to what is already required.
EPA estimates that the vast majority of the green power
purchases made by program partners are due to the
partnership, as partners comply with aggressive green
power procurement requirements (usually at incremental
cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates that
its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green power market
have likely led to additional voluntary green power purchases
that have not been reported through the program.
THE METHANE PROGRAMS
EPA's methane programs facilitate recovering methane from
landfills, natural gas extraction systems, agriculture, and coal
mines, as well as using methane as a clean energy resource.
The expenditures used in the program analyses include the
capital costs agreed to by partners to bring projects into
compliance with program specifications and any additional
operating costs engendered by program participation.
Natural Gas STAR Program
As a condition of partnership, program partners submit
implementation plans to EPA describing the emissions
reduction practices they plan to implement and evaluate.
In addition, partners submit progress reports detailing
specific emissions reduction activities and accomplishments
each year.
EPA does not attribute all reported emissions reductions
to Natural Gas STAR. Partners may only include actions
that were undertaken voluntarily, not those reductions
attributable to compliance with existing regulations.
Emissions reductions are estimated by the partners either
from direct before-and-after measurements or by applying
peer-reviewed emissions reduction factors.
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
EPA maintains a comprehensive database of the operational
data on landfills and landfill gas energy projects in the United
States. The data are updated frequently based on information
submitted by industry, the Landfill Methane Outreach
Program's (LMOP's) outreach efforts, and other sources.
Reductions of methane that are the result of compliance
with EPA's air regulations are not included in the program
estimates. In addition, only the emissions reductions from
projects that meet the LMOP assistance criteria are included
in the program benefit estimates.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report
EPA uses emissions factors that are appropriate to the
project. The factors are based on research, discussions with
experts in the landfill gas industry, and published references.
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
Through collaboration with the U.S. Mine Safety & Health
Administration, state oil and gas commissions, and the
mining companies themselves, EPA collects mine-specific
data annually and estimates the total methane emitted from
the mines and the quantity of gas recovered and used.
There are no regulatory requirements for recovering
and using CM M; such efforts are entirely voluntary. EPA
estimates CMM recovery attributable to its program activities
on a mine-specific basis, based on the program's interaction
with each mine.
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Due to the small pool of potential partners for the FGHG
programs, financial expenditures and savings are the
proprietary information of program partners and are not
included in the summary of economic benefits.
Voluntary Aluminum Industry Partnership
VAIP partners agree to report aluminum production and
anode effect frequency and duration in order to estimate
annual FGHG emissions.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to
a BAU baseline that uses the industry's 1990 emissions rate.
Changes in the emissions rate (per ton production) are used
to estimate the annual GHG emissions and reductions that
are a result of the program.
The aluminum industry began making significant efforts to
reduce FGHG emissions as a direct result of EPA's climate
partnership program. Therefore, all reductions achieved by
partners are assumed to be the result of the program.
HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program
Program partners report HCFC-22 production and HFC-23
emissions to a third party that aggregates the estimates and
submits the total estimates for the previous year to EPA.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to
a BAU baseline that uses the industry's 1990 emissions rate.
Changes in the emissions rate are used to estimate the annual
GHG emissions and reductions that are a consequence of
the program.
Subsequent to a series of meetings with EPA, industry began
making significant efforts to reduce HFC-23 emissions. All U.S.
producers participate in the program; therefore, all reductions
achieved by manufacturers are assumed to be the result of
the program.
Environmental Stewardship Programs
EPA's Environmental Stewardship Programs include the
FGHG Partnership for the Semiconductor Industry and the
SF6 Partnerships for Electric Power Systems and Magnesium
Industries. Partners report emissions and emissions
reductions based on jointly developed estimation methods
and reporting protocols. Data collection methods are sector
specific, and data are submitted to EPA either directly or
through a designated third party.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions
to a BAU baseline, using industry-wide or company-specific
emissions rates in a base year. The reductions in emissions
rates are used to calculate the overall GHG emissions
reductions from the program.
The share of the reductions attributable to EPA's programs
is identified based on a detailed review of program activities
and industry-specific information.
Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program
As a condition of partnership, RAD partners submit annual
data to EPA on their achievements. Submitted data includes
the number and type of appliances collected and processed
as well as the quantity and fate of the individual components.
GHG reductions are calculated by measuring the emissions
avoided by recovering refrigerant, foam blowing agents,
and recycling durable components in addition to the
energy savings from early appliance retirement from
utility programs.
GreenChill Partnership
Partner emissions reductions are calculated both year-
to-year and aggregate. Partners set annual refrigerant
emissions reduction goals and submit refrigerant
management plans to detail their reduction initiatives.
58
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List of Figures
FIGURE 1. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR Benefits Have More Than Tripled 4
FIGURE 2. U.S. C02 Emissions by Sector and Non-C02 Gases by Percent of Total GHGs 5
FIGURES. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type 6
FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 345 MMTC02e—Equivalent to Emissions From 81 Million Vehicles 6
FIGURES. About 3.5 Billion ENERGY STAR Qualified Products Purchased Since 2000 13
FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States 16
FIGURE?. ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes Gaining Market Share 20
FIGURE 8. Nearly 1.2 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Label 21
FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country 21
FIGURE 10. More Than 12,600 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR 24
FIGURE 11. 2010 National Building Competition Progress Over Time 25
FIGURE 12. Steady Growth in Building Space Benchmarked and Certified 25
FIGURE 13. Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score by State 26
FIGURE 14. Improvement in U.S. Cement Plant Energy Performance, 1997-2008 28
FIGURE 15. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners by Sector 31
FIGURE 16. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members 31
FIGURE 17. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs 32
FIGURE 18. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions 33
FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2020 39
FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions Reductions and Gas Savings 40
FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects 44
FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas (LFG) Energy Projects Across the Country 45
FIGURE 23. GHG Reductions From U.S.-Supported GMI Projects 46
FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012 48
59
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List of Tables
TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs 3
TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2010 (in Billions of 2010 Dollars and MMTC02e) 5
TABLE 3. Long-term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCO e) 7
TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2010 9
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2010 11
TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners 12
TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress 14
TABLE 8. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With 165 Product Specifications and Revisions 18
TABLE 9. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy 28
TABLE 10. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants 29
TABLE 11. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators, 2004-2010 (Cumulative) 31
TABLE 12. 2010 EPA Green Power Leadership Awards 33
TABLE 13. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share 35
TABLE 14. 2010 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards 35
TABLE 15. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals 40
TABLE 16. 2010 Natural Gas STAR Awards 41
TABLE 17. 2010 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards 45
TABLE 18. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric Lifetimes of GHGs 48
TABLE 19. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs 48
TABLE 20. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions
Since 2000 55
60
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References
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61
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