PB213-7J
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFPICE OF ENFORCEMENT
Report on
Evaluations of Waste Sources
in the
Calcasieu River Basin, Louisiana
Prepared By
Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center
Denver, Colorado
and
Region VI
Dallas, Texas
January 1972
Reproduced by
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
U 5 Deporfmenf ef Commerw
SprlngfitId VA 22151
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
GLOSSARY OF TEEMS
INTRODUCTION 1
DESCRIPTION OF AEEA 3
SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6
Section Description ' Page
I CALCASIEU PAPER COMPANY PLANT
ELIZABETH, LOUISIANA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1-1
General 1-1
Water Supply 1-1
Existing Waste Treatment 1-1
Chronology of Contacts 1-2
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS 1-3
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
CONTROL COMMISSION 1-3
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT 1-6
CONCLUSIONS 1-6
RECOMMENDATIONS 1-7
II THE CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
GENERAL INFORMATION II-l
~"' CITIES SERVICE BUTYL RUBBER PLANT II-3
BACKGROUND INFORMATION II-3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description Page
II Facility Description II-3
Water Supply 11-3
Existing Waste
Treatment II-3
SAMPLING PROG1AM AND
RESULTS II-3
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION II-7
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT II-7
CONCLUSIONS II-7
RECOMMENDATIONS II-8
CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
REFINERY II-9
BACKGROUND INFORMATION II-9
Facility Description II-9
Water Supply II-9
Existing Waste
Treatment II-9
FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
AND RESULTS 11-12
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
AND RESULTS 11-17
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION 11-18
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT 11-21
CONCLUSIONS 11-22
RECOMMENDATIONS 11-23
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description Page
II . CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
LUBE AND WAX PLANT
(Git-Con Subsidiary) 11-24
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 11-24
Facility Description 11-24
Water Supply 11-24
Existing Waste
Treatment 11-24
DISCUSSION OF SAMPLING
PROGRAM AND RESULTS 11-25
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION 11-28
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT 11-28
CONCLUSIONS 11-29
RECOMMENDATIONS 11-29
CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
PETROCHEMICAL AND ETHYLENE-
PROPYLENE PLANT 11-30
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 11-30
Facility Description 11-30
Water Supply 11-30
Existing Waste
Treatment II-30
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND
RESULTS 11-31
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION 11-34
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT 11-34
CONCLUSIONS 11-34
RECOMMENDATIONS 11-35
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description Page
III THE CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
GENERAL INFORMATION III-l
Initial Contact III-l
CONTINENTAL CARBON COMPANY III-3
BACKGROUND INFORMATION III-3
Facility Description III-3
Water Supply III-3
Existing Waste
Treatment III-3
Chronology of Contacts III-3
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND
RESULTS III-4
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION III-4
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT III-4
CONCLUSIONS III-4
RECOMMENDATIONS III-4
CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY -
LAKE CHARLES PETROCHEMICAL
PLANT III-7
BACKGROUND INFORMATION III-7
Facility Description III-7
Water Supply III-7
Existing Waste
Treatment III-7
Chronology of Contacts III-8
FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
AND RESULTS III-8
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
AND RESULTS III-ll
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description Page
III DATA KEPORfED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION III-ll
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT 111-13
CONCLUSIONS 111-13
RECOMMENDATIONS 111-14
CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY -
• LAKE CHARLES REFINERY 111-15
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 111-15
Facility Description 111-15
Water Supply 111-15
Existing Waste
Treatment 111-15
Chronology of Contacts 111-17
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND
RESULTS 111-17
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION 111-20
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT III-2G
CONCLUSIONS 111-20
RECOMMENDATIONS 111-21
CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY -
LAKE CHARLES VCM PLANT 111-22
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 111-22
Facility Description 111-22
Water Supply 111-22
Existing Waste
Treatment 111-22
Chronology of Contacts 111-23
v
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description
III FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
AND RESULTS 111-23
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
AND RESULTS 111-23
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION 111-25
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT III-25
CONCLUSIONS II1-21
RECOMMENDATIONS III-2?
IV CROSBY CHEMICALS, INCORPORATED, PLANT
DI RIDDER, LOUISIANA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION IV-1
General IV-1
Water Supply IV-1
Existing Waste Treatment IV-1
Chronology of Contacts IV-1
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS IV-2
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION IV-5
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT IV-6
CONCLUSIONS IV-6
RECOMMENDATIONS IV-6
FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY PLANT
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION V-l
General V-l
Facility Description V-l
vi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description
VI DAVISON CHEMICAL DIVISION
W. R. GRACE AND COMPANY
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
VII HERCULES, INCORPORATED
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
Water Supply V-2
Existing Waste Treatment V-2
Chronology of Contacts V-2
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS V-4
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
CONTROL COMMISSION V-8
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT V-8
CONCLUSIONS V-9
RECOMMENDATIONS V-9
BACKGROUND INFORMATION VI-1
General VI-1
Water Supply VI-1
Existing Waste Treatment VI-2
Chronology of Contacts VI-2
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS VI-3
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
CONTROL COMMISSION VI-6
CONCLUSIONS VI-7
RECOMMENDATIONS VI-7
BACKGROUND INFORMATION VII-1
General VII-1
Water Supply VII-1
Existing Waste Treatment VII-1
vii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section
Description
Page
Chronology of Contacts VII-2
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS VII-3
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
CONTROL COMMISSION VII-5
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT VII-7
CONCLUSIONS VII-7
RECOMMENDATIONS VII-8
VIII
OLIN CORPORATION
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION VIII-1
General VIII-1
Water Supply VIII-1
Existing Waste Treatment VIII-1
Chronology of Contacts VIII-2
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS VIII-3
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
CONTROL COMMISSION VIII-9
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT VIII-9
CONCLUSIONS VIII-9
RECOMMENDATIONS VIII-11
IX
LAKE CHARLES FACILITY OF
PPG INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
Water Supply
IX-1
IX-1
IX-1
viii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section Description Page
IX Existing Waste Treatment IX-2
Chronology of Contacts IX-2
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS IX-3
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STfiEAM
CONTROL COMMISSION IX-10
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT IX-12
CONCLUSIONS IX-12
RECOMMENDATIONS IX-12
X MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES IN THE
CALCASIEU RIVER DRAINAGE
BACKGROUND INFORMATION X-l
General ' X-l
Discussion X-4
RECOMMENDATIONS X-8
XI ANCILLARY SAMPLING FOR MERCURY
GENERAL INFORMATION XI-1
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS XI-3
CONCLUSIONS XI-5
RECOMMENDATIONS XI-6
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
APPENDICES
ix
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No,
Title
Follows Page
2
3
4
1-1
II-1
II-2
III-l
III-2
IV-1
V-l
Location Map - 1
Calcasieu River Drainage
Sampling Locations - 6
Upper Calcasieu River, La.
Sampling Locations - Inside
Lower Calcasieu River, La. Back Cover
Industrial Locations - Inside
Lower Calcasieu River, La. Back Cover
Effluent & Receiving Water 1-3
Sampling Locations for
_ Calcasieu Paper Company
Effluent & Receiving Water II-4
Sampling Locations for
Cities Service Oil Co. -
Butyl Plant & Refinery
Effluent & Receiving Water 11-25
Sampling Locations for
Cities Service Oil Co. -
Lube & Wax Plant (CIT-CON)
& Petrochemical Plant
Effluent Sampling Locations for III-l
Continental Oil Co. VCM Plant,
Petrochemical Plant, &
Carbon Plant
Effluent Sampling Locations for 111-17
Continental Oil Co.
Conoco Refinery
Effluent & Receiving Water IV-1
Sampling Locations for
Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated
Effluent & Receiving Water V-2
Sampling Locations for
Firestone Rubber Company
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LIST OF FIGURES (continued)
Figure No.
VI-1
VII-1
VTII-1
IX-1
Title
Effluent & leceiving Water
Sampling Locations for
W, R, Grace & Company
Effluent & leceiving Water
Sampling Locations for
Hercules, Incorporated
Effluent & Receiving Water
Sampling Locations for
Oliri Corporation
Effluent & Receiving Water
Sampling Locations for
PPG Industries Incorporated
Follows Page
VI-3
¥11-1
VIII-1
IX-2
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
Title
Page
1-1
1-2
Summary of Present and Proposed
Wastewater Treatment for
Industrial Discharges in the
Lake Charles, Louisiana, Area
Description of Effluent and
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Calcasieu Paper Company
Summary of Analytical Results and
Field Measurements for
Calcasieu Paper Company
1-4
1-5
xi
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table No. Title
II-l Description of Effluent and II-5
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Cities Service Oil Company
Butyl Rubber Plant
II-2 Summary of Analytical Results II-6
and Field Measurements for
Cities Service Oil Company
Butyl Plant
II-3 Summary of Analytical Results 11-10
and Field Measurements from
First Sampling Program for
Cities Service Oil Company
Refinery
II-4 Description of Effluent and 11-13
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Cities Service Oil Company
Refinery
II-5 Results of Organic Analysis for 11-14
Cities Service Oil Company
Refinery
II-6 Summary of Analytical Results and 11-19
Field Measurements from
Second Sampling Program for
Cities Service Oil Company Refinery
II-7 Description of Effluent and 11-26
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Cities Service Oil Company
Lube and Wax Plant
II-8 Summary of Analytical Results and 11-27
Field Measurements for Cities
Service Oil Company Lube and
Wax Plant
II-9 Summary of Analytical Results and 11-32
Field Measurements for Cities
Service Oil Company Petrochemical
Plant
xii
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table No. Title
11-10 Results of Organic Analysis for 11-33
Cities Service Oil Company
Petrochemical Plant
III-l Summary of Analytical Results and III-5
Field Measurements for
Continental Carbon Company
III-2 Description of Effluent Sampling III-9
Points for Continental Oil Company
Petrochemical Plant
III-3 Results of Organic Analysis for III-9
Continental Oil Company
Petrochemical Plant
III-4 Summary of Analytical Results and 111-10
Field Measurements for Continental
Oil Company Petrochemical Plant
III-5 Summary of Analytical Results and 111-12
Field Measurements from Second
Sampling Program for Continental
Oil Company Petrochemical Plant
III-6 Description of Effluent Sampling 111-18
Points for Continental Oil Company
Refinery
III-7 Results of Organic Analysis for 111-18
Continental Oil Company Refinery
III-8 Summary of Analytical Results and 111-19
Field Measurements for Continental
Oil Company Refinery
III-9 Summary of Analytical Results and 111-24
Field Measurements from First
Sampling Program for Continental
Oil Company VCM Plant
xiii
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LIST 01 TABLES (continued)
Table No. Title
111-10 Summary of Analytical Results and 111-26
Field Measurements from Second
Sampling Program for Continental
Oil Company VCM Plant
IV-1 Description of Effluent and IV-3
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated
IV-2 Summary of Analytical Results and IV-4
Field Measurements for Crosby
Chemicals, Incorporated
V-l Quality of Wastewater Presently V-3
Discharged and Expected Future
Wastewater Discharge for Firestone
Rubber Company
V-2 Description of Effluent and Receiving V-5
Water Sampling Points for
Firestone Rubber Company
V-3 Organic Sampling Results for V-5
Firestone Rubber Company
V-4 Summary of Analytical Results and ?-6
Field Measurements for
Firestone Rubber Company
VI-1 Description of Effluent and Receiving VI-4
Water Sampling Points for W. R, Grace
and Company, Davison Chemical Division
VI-2 Summary of Analytical Results and VI-5
Field Measurements for W. R. Grace
and Company, Davison Chemical
Division
VII-1 Description of Effluent and Receiving VII-4
Water Sampling Points for
Hercules» Incorporated
xiv
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table No.
Title
Page
VII-2
VII-3
VII-4
VIII-1
VIII-2
VIII-3
IX-1
IX-2
IX-3
IX-4
X-l
Hercules Effluent VII-4
Results of Organic Analysis for 7II-5
Hercules, Incorporated
Summary of Analytical Results and VII-6
field Measurements for Hercules,
Incorporated
Description of Effluent and VIII-4
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Olin Corporation Plant
Summary of Analytical Results and VIII-7
Field Measurements for
Olin Corporation Plant
Olin Corporation Discharge ?III-10
Composition Levels Submitted
to Louisiana Stream Control
Commission
Description of Effluent and IX-4
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for PPG Industries, Incorporated
Summary of Analytical Results and IX-7
Field Measurements for PPG
Industries, Incorporated
Results of Organic Analysis for IX-6
PPG Industries, Incorporated
PPG Industries Discharge Levels IX-11
Approved by Louisiana Stream
Control Commission
Inventory of Miscellaneous Industries X-2
in the Calcasieu River Drainage
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table No. Title Page
X-2 Summary of Analytical Results and X-5
Field Measurements for Miscellaneous
Industries in the Calcasieu River
Drainage
X-3 Description of Effluent and X-7
Receiving Water Sampling Points
for Miscellaneous Industries in
the Calcasieu River Drainage
XI-1 Municipal Waste Sources in the XI-2
Lake Charles, Louisiana, Area
XI-2 Summary of the Analytical Results XI-4
and Field Measurements at
Selected Stations Below-
Municipal Wastewater Discharges
APPENDICES
Appendix Title Page
A . APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS A-l
B CUSTODY OF SAMPLES B-l
C BIOLOGICAL STUDY METHODS FOR C-l
PALATABILITY AND SURVIVAL STUDIES
Lower Calcasieu River, Louisiana
(April 20-24, 1971)
D RESULTS OF PALATABILITY AND SURVIVAL D-l
STUDIES
Lower Calcasieu River, Louisiana
(April 20-24, 1971)
xvi
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APPENDICES (continued)
Appendix Title Page
E ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF BOTTOM E-l
SEDIMENT SAMPLES
Calcasieu River, Louisiana
(April 1971)
F ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES F-l
G SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS G-l
AND HELD MEASUREMENTS
xvii
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
BOD * Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
TOC - Total Organic Carbon
OSI - Organic Sediment Index
Org K - Organic Nitrogen
KH_N - Ammonia Nitrogen
cfa - Flow rate given in cubic feet per second
gpm - Flow rate given in gallons per minute
mgd - Flow rate given in million gallons per day
mg/1 - Concentration given in milligrams per liter
jour
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INTtQDUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF AHA
SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND IECOMMENDATIONS
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INTRODUCTION
IB the southwestern corner of Louisiana — in the Calcasieu River
Basin — Is the State's second largest industrialized area. Industries on
the lower portion of the Calcasieu River are principally involved in the
production of chemicals, petrochemicals, and petroleum products. Also of
interest to this study area are several firms on the upper portions of the
River that are processing tall oil and producing Kraft paper.
All of these Industries are discharging waste waters into the Calcasieu
River or its tributaries - Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine, Houston River, Mill
Creek, and Palmetto Creek (Figure 1], The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899,—(
the Water Quality Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of
1570— are applicable to the Calcasieu River and its tributaries. [Water
quality regulations established pursuant to the provisions of these Acts
are presented in Appendix A.]
The Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center (DFI-DC), Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA)t at the request of the Director, Water
Quality Office, Region VI, EPA, undertook a. study of the Calcasieu River
Basin in March-April 1971. Specific objectives of the study were to:
1. Compile an up-to-date Inventory of industrial waste sources
discharging to the Calcasieu River and Its tributaries.
2. Ascertain a) types of treatment presently provided and b) the
quality and quantity of each industrial waste discharge.
3* Evaluate the Individual and collective impacts of wastwater
discharges on the beneficial water uses of the Calcasieu River
and its tributaries.
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Figure 1. Location Map • Calcasieu River Drainage
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4. Determine abatement proceedings necessary or warranted under the
livers and Harbors Act of 1899, the Water Quality Act of 1965,
and/or other applicable local, State and Federal laws.
In the case of each Industry surveyed, a team of DPI-DC staff members
called upon company officials, explained the investigative program and the
basis for it, and negotiated the details for examining the effluents from
each firm. Further, each industry representative received a letter detail-
ing EPA's authority in the vork and Indicating that the investigative pro-
gram was being conducted to provide the basis for:
(1) Evaluation of Corps of Engineers permits as required under the
livers and Harbors Act of 1899;
(2) Determination of present water quality conditions in the
Calcasieu River and its tributaries;
(3) Evaluation of the individual and collective impacts of waste-
water discharges on the beneficial water uses of the Calcasieu
liver and its tributaries;
(4) Determination of water pollution control needs within the area;
(5) Abatement proceedings as necessary or warranted under the
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, the Water Quality Act of 1965,
and/or other applicable local, State, and Federal laws.
Industrial and municipal waste treatment and disposal practices in
the Lake Charles, Louisiana area were then evaluated by a team of DFI-DC
engineers, scientists, and technical support personnel. The evaluations
were conducted during March and April, 1971. A second survey of effluents
from the plants of Cities Service Oil Company and of Continental Oil
Company was made in early November 1971.
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la addition, because of prior Indications that aquatic life in the
Lake diaries area contains significant concentrations of mercury, DPI-DC
conducted an ancillary sampling program in the Calcasieu River Basin to
determine, quantitatively, the presence of mercury.
This report summarizes information pertaining to raw aaterials, pro-
cesses, waste loads, and treatment needs (if any) at each of the industries
and recommends actions necessary to protect the quality of the receiving
vaters. Specific information for each significant industrial waste source
is summarized in a separate section. Complete custodial records [Appendix
B], for each sample taken during the course of this investigation, are on
file at the Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center, Office of
Enforcement, EPA (Denver, Colorado).
Assistance and support in the conduct of this investigation was pro-
vided by the following EPA entitles:
Division of Field Investigations-Cincinnati Center
Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio
Enforcement Office, Region VI, Dallas, Texas
Southeast.Water Laboratory, Athens, Georgia*
The assistance of personnel of the Lake Charles Office, Louisiana
Wildlife and Fisheries Comission, is gratefully acknowledged,
DESCRIPTION OF AREA
The total drainage area of the Calcasieu River and its tributaries is
about 4,000 square miles; measures approximately 55 by 120 miles; and in-
cludes portions of eight parishes with a total population of about 230,000.
The Lower Calcasieu River refers to the area from the salt water barrier
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(located Just north of the city of Lake Charles) downstream to the Gulf of
Mexico. The Upper Calcasieu River refers to the fresh water portion of
the watershed extending upstream of the salt water barrier to the basin
headwaters.
The River is navigable from its mouth to Moss Bluff, Louisiana (about
tea miles upstream of Westlake). Barges and ships navigate a channel
that has been dredged from the Culf of Mexico northward along the west side
of Calcasieu Lake to Devils Elbow, thereafter following the natural river
channel, except for two cutoffs, to the Port of Lake Charles.
Thundersqualls and tropical storms with high wind velocities occasion-
ally pass through the area. Prevailing winds are from the north during the
months of November through January and from the south during the remainder
of the year. Frosts occur during the period from late November through
February. Average temperatures range from the low 50's (in January) to
the 80's (in July).
The lower Calcasieu River, Lake Calcasieu, Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine,
and Indian Marais are affected by lunar tides. Passage of a cold front or
high winds may cause wind-dominated tides that produce flooding of low-
lying areas, tributary streams, and bayous. Hence, flow nixing patterns
may be highly irregular.
Brackish inland lakes and marshes that border the main River channel
and the adjacent shallow offshore area support a large commercial and
sport fishery. The area is an excellent spawning and rearing ground for
shrimp, crabs, and various estuarine fish.
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la addition to furnishing a location for the propagation of aquatic
life, the waters of the Calcasieu River system support other beneficial
uses, including municipal and industrial water supplies, recreation,
irrigation, and navigation.
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SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
During the survey an Industrial waste Inventory was compiled. It
Included information on the types of materials produced and raw materials
used at each plant, as well as the process additives, water supplies, and
wastewater treatment procedures. Composite samples, generally covering
24-hour periods, were obtained from each industrial waste outfall and were
analyzed for constituents appropriate to the industry evaluated. Grab
samples for oil and grease analysis were obtained where appropriate.
Survival and palatability studies were conducted in receiving waters, and
sediments were examined for organic content.
The Calcaaieu liver Basin is logically divided into two areas for
assessing the effects on water quality of the sources inventoried during
thia survey. The Upper Calcasieu River is the fresh water portion of the
watershed extending upstream of a salt water barrier. [The industries and
sampling locations in this part of the basin are illustrated in Figure 2.]
The Lower Calcasieu River encompases the saltwater portion of the watershed.
[The sampling locations for this area are depicted in Figure 3, located
inside back cover.] The major portion of Industrial activity (most of
which is directly or indirectly related to the production of petroleum and
petrochemicals) is located in the lover Calcasieu River area. [An indus-
trial location map of this area is illustrated in Figure 4, located inside
back cover.]
Evaluation of data indicates that the following two groups of indus-
tries are in violation of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
(33 USC:401~413)f
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Di IIDDEB
IPC
Crosby Chemicals, Inc"
HDE. Inc.
iDl OUINCr
lenneco Chemical
VancoBier Pl;»ood Co.
I t ( t N 0
INDUSU.U [FFLUINIS
SIHPUS
Not To Scale
Figure 2. Sampling Locations - Upper Calcasieu River, La.
|«P«ll II7IJ
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Group 1
Cities Service Oil Company refinery;
PPG Induscries, Incorporated;
Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated;
Olin Corporation; and
Continental Oil Company refinery.
And:
Group 2
Cities Service Oil Company - Butyl plant;
Cities Service Oil Company - lube and wax plant;
Cities Service Oil Company - petrochemical plant;
Firestone lubber Company;
W. I. Grace and Company Davlson Chemical Division;
Hercules, Incorporated;
Calcasleu Paper Company;
Continental Oil Company - petrochemical plant; and
Continental Oil Company - VCM plant.
The industries in these two groups are generally discharging carbon-
aceous materials, suspended solids, and oil and grease, to the Calcasleu
River or tributary thereof, thus causing violations of Section 407 of the
Act. In addition, except for Crosby Chemicals, the first group and Cities
Service Oil Company Petrochemical Plant were In violation of Section 407
of the Act for the discharge of heavy metals, heat, nitrogenous materials,
and complex organlcs.
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Evaluation of the data indicates that the 14 Industries of the pre-
ceding two groupings in combination discharge dally at least 82,000 Ibs,
of COD; 597,000 Ibs. of TOG; 601,000 Ibs. of suspended solids; and
22,4 X 10 calories of heat. [A summary of the analytical results ob-
tained, by industry, is presented in Appendix G.]
Six industries discharge complex organic derivatives of petroleum,
some of which are known to be toxic to aquatic life and/or humans. Survival
studies, conducted In situ In receiving waters near these discharges, demon-
strated the toxic nature of the effluents from the following Industries:
Cities Service Oil Company refinery and Butyl plant; Firestone Rubber
Company; W, R. Grace and Company, Davison Chemical Division; Hercules,
Incorporated; Olin Corporation; and PPG Industries, Incorporated.
Analyses of bottom sediments showed that industrial waste solids are
being deposited In the Calcasieu Elver, a navigable stream, and in the
streams and bayous that are tributaries thereto.
[Present and proposed waste water treatment facilities for each indus-
try are tabulated in Table 1.} Industries in the first grouping have no
indication of plans to initiate or improve treatment of the wastes that
they presently discharge. Industries in the second grouping are either
engaged In the construction of new facilities for waste treatment or are
developing suitable treatment measures.
Recomme nd a tIons
Specific recommendations for each significant source of pollution are
presented in the individual report sections. These recommendations are
summarized in the following paragraphs.
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TAI;LR I
simrun or PRESENT AND PI OPOSED WASTEVATE* TREATMEHT
FDR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN TIIE
LAKE CHARLES. LOUISIANA, AREA
Ha»a ot Induatrr
Preaent Treatment
Adequate
Violation of
Ret'jae Act
Proposed Treatment
Scheduled
Completion
Adequate
Violation of
Ratuee Act
Calcaeleu Paper
Cltlee Service Oil Company
-Butyl
-l.ube end wax plant (Clt-Con)
-Petrochemical and ethylene
propylena plant*
-refinery5'
Continental Oil Company
-Continental Carbon Company
-Lake Charlee P*trochulcal
Plant
-Laka Charlaa tadna
-VQt Plant
Black water - oxidation No
ponda. Uhlta watar and
cooling water * flon«.
Oily waatca to refinery No
treatment facllltlea.
Cooling tower blowdoun re-
ceive chromate treat-
•enc. Once-through cool-
Ing water and proceaa
water, no treatment.
Oxidation pond with oil No
aklmmer
Neutralization, oil eepara- No
tion, aerated lagoon*
28-Acre oxidation pond No
followed by a pond that waa
dredged In Indian Harala.
Condenaor cooling watar ra—
celvea no treatment-
Settling pond Taa
Chromate reduction, acid No
neutralization, oil aepara-
tlon, filtration
Oil separation, activated Onknom
aludge, clarlfler, oxlda*
tlon pond; nettling ponda
for cooling water and cokar
dlacharge.
Neutralization, oil aepara- No
tlon
Ye*
Yea
Yea
Yea
Ye*
No
Taa
Yaa
Yaa
New facllltlea are to ba
constructed and effluent
reelreulated. Type of
treatment to be conatrue-
led la unknown.
Experimenting with new
treatment proceaae*.
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unk
Unknown
Oxidation pond
Extended aeration
Apr. 1, 1972 Unknown
Dae. Jl, 1972 Unknown
Cooling tower to reduce D«c. 31. 1972 No
flow to oxidation pond
by 130 mgd.
Deep well dlapoaal of
"aour water" Sept. 1. 1971 No
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Taa
m
-o
C5
CXI
Aerated lagoon
Dae. 11, 1971 Unknown
Need to connect all Unknown Unknown
vnatevater dlachargea to
the new treatment facl-
lltlea.
Extended aeration Nov., 1971 Yaa
Sludge facllltlea Dec., 1972
Cauaclc recovery ayatan Aug., 1971
Chromate recovery Dec., 1971
Activated carbon filter Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Bo
-------
TABLB 1 (CONTINUED)
BUMMA1T OF PRESENT AND PROPOSED WASTEVATER TREATMENT
FOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA, AREA
Nane of Induatrv
Crosby Chsmlcala,
Incorporated
Flreatone Rubber Coittany"
Preaent Treatment
Settling, pond, dilution
water
Gravity aeparatlon and fll-
Adeauate
No
No
Violation of
Refuse Act
Tea
Tes
Proposed Trestment
None scheduled In the
next five years.
API , slum and polyelec-
Scheduled
Completion
Sep. 1, 1971
Adequate
No
Unknown
Violation of
Refuse Act
Tes
Unknown
H. R. Grace and Company
Davlson Chemical Dlvlalo
Usrculea, Incorporated
Olln Corporation
PPG Industries,.
Incorporated •*
trstlon through excelsior
pads.
None Ho
API, six oxidation ponds Ho
Nine discharges to Ho
Cslcasleu River without
treatment. One discharge
from a large tailings pond.
Mercury reduction No
"oxidation ditch"
trolyte, air flotation,
blolof.lcal treatment,
aerated lagoons.
Tes Clarification and pU
control.
Tes Biological treatment
followed by the six oxi-
dation ponds.
Tes No Information provided
by Company officials.
Tea Nona scheduled In the
next five yesrs.
Jan. 1. 1972
Jan. 1, 1972
Unknown
Unknown
Ho
Ho
Unknown
Unknown
Tea
Tes
a/ Presently discharge le to Mill Creek; It affecta water quality of the Calcasleu Elver.
b/ When suitable treatment of the waste source Is obtained, the treated wastewater will be used for cooling tower makeup water.
cj Deep well disposal of wastes Is not an acceptable treatment for "sour water."
d./ This new treatment facility was recently put Into operation and had not stabilised) therefore. It was not providing adequate treatment at thai tlaw
of the survey.
e/ The Company has an EPA Research and Development Grant for the development of this new Industrial waatewater treatment facility.
tj The Company uaea Bayou Verdlne and a 2.5-mlle ditch to treat waetewater.
-------
11
It ii recommended that appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated
against those industries cited in Group 1 for discharging to a navigable
scream or tributary thereof those materials that place them in violation
of the Refuse Act of 1899. In addition, the refinery of Cities Service
Oil Company has constructed a deep well for disposal of "sour water" from
the catalytic cracking operations. Since "sour water" is treatable by
ammonia stripping and sulfide recovery, there is no Justification for deep
veil injection. It is recommended that legal steps be taken to prevent
deep well disposal by the Cities Service Oil Company refinery.
Recommendations contingent upon timely implementation of proposed
treatment improvements are made for those industries given in Group 2.
For these Industries recommendations are that adequacy of treatment be
reevaluated after facilities are placed in operation, and if the water
quality is found to be inadequate, appropriate abatement proceedings be
initiated.
The recommendation is made for all Industries surveyed that the dis-
charge permit, to be issued by the Corps of Engineers, limit discharges of
those materials now in violation of the Refuse Act of 1899 to levels con-
sistent with the best available treatment and water quality standards for
the Calcasieu River.
During the period of these studies, waste treatment and disposal
practices at seven additional industries could not be evaluated owing, in
most cases, to the seasonal nature of the operations. It is recommended
that the waste discharges from these Industries be evaluated during the
period of operation.
-------
12
Limited sampling of tributary streams and municipal effluents failed
to identify sources of mercury that pollute much of the Calcasieu River
Basin, including tributaries that are unaffected by the industrial wastes
evaluated. This limited sampling did not shed new light on the source(s)
of mercury. It is recommended that additional studies be carried out in
the Upper and Lower Calcasieu River Basin in order to identify the mercury
sources.
-------
13
CALCASIEU PAPER COMPANY PLANT
ELIZABETH, LOUISIANA
-------
- ' 14
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
The Calcasieu Paper Company (a Kraft process mill) and Che Iron Kraft
Bag Company (adjacent Co the mill) are divisions of Unijax Corporation,
Vest la; annex, Jacksonville, Florida. Both firms contribute significantly
to the economy of the area. There is no bleaching of pulp at the paper
company, where the capacity is 350 tons per day. The raw materials used
are wood, salt, coke, lime, caustic soda, and sodium sulfate. (The product
is converted to wrapping paper and bags by the adjacent bag company.)
About 850 persona are employed at the two plants. The mill operates
continuously. During the visit of EPA personnel, this plant was not
operating at full capacity. Two engineers, one chemist, and a laboratory
technician are assigned full-tine to water pollution control at the Kraft
process mill.
Water Supply
Seven wells, each rated at 900 gpmt provide a total of 9 >gd of
vater. This water is used for processing, cooling, boiler feed, fire
control, and sanitary purposes.
Existing Waste Treatment
Major sources of wastewater are the white water from the paper machines
and the black liquor (spent cooking liquor) from the pulp process. White
water and cooling water blowdown are released, without treatment, to Kill
Creek, which flows for 14 miles through West lay Wildlife Management Area
before discharging to the Opper Calcasieu River • The black liquor is
treated in the oxidation ponds that overflow to Mill Creek. During an EPA
-------
r; is l~2
tour of the mill (April 2, 1971) black liquor was being dischargedt along
with the the white water, directly to Mill Creek. Company officials
•tated that this was not a routine occurrence, but was due to a breakdown
in the pulp process. The resulting effluent was black in appearance and
ranged in temperature from 36* to 42*C.
Chronology of Contacts
On April 2, 1971, M. R. Helton and R. D. Harp of EPA's DFI-DC met with
J. E. Mailhaus, the Calcasieu Paper Company plant manager, to collect in-
formation on wastewater disposal practices at the plant. E. D. Anthony, Jr.,
eaforceaent programs specialist, Region VI, EPA, Dallas, Texas, had arranged
for the meeting on March 31.
Subsequent to the April 2 meeting (about a veek later) the Plant
Manager was contacted by DFI-DC representatives and a request was made to
sample the plant discharges* Mr. Mailhaus was informed that effluent
sampling was in conjunction with a water quality survey of the Calcasieu
River Basin.
Mr. Mailhaus objected to the planned sampling regime that included
sampling of the plant effluent at the outfall, at the Company's property
fence. Be asserted that the waste receives additional treatment while
flowing in Hill Creek and claimed It was the Company's right to use the
stream for treatment purposes. The investigating team explained to
Mr. Mailhaus that the Refuse Act applies to waste discharges at the point
of discharge to the naturally occurring waterways that are classified as
navigable or as tributaries to navigable streams. Permission was granted
to sample at the point of discharge (MC-2). Mill Creek was also sampled
Dear the mouth (MC-1).
-------
If ' 16 i-3
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Samples (125 ml. aliquots) were composited every two hours, for a 24-
hour period, commencing aC 6:25 a.m., April 19. A grab sample for oil and
grease analysis vaa taken at 8:25 a.m., April 19. Eight days later, water
quality and sediment samples vere collected from Mill Creek and from the
Calcaaleu River upstream and downstream from the mouth of Mill Creek.
[Descriptions of the sampling stations and their locations are shown in
fable 1-1 and Figure 1-1, respectively. Analytical results from the sampling
program are listed in Table 1-2.)
During the sampling period, the Calcasieu Paper Company was discharg-
ing 8.7 agd, carrying a load of 10,900 Ibs of TOG; 36,700 Ibs of COD;
26,200 Ibs of suspended solids; and 290 Ibs of oil and grease. Samples
collected at KC-1 and at the CR-2Q and CR-21 stations indicated that the
wastes carried by Mill Creek increased the TOC and suspended solids con-
centrations in the Calcasieu River from 11 mg/1 to 15 mg/1, and from IS mg/1
to 49 mg/1 (35 percent and 170 percent, respectively).
Bottom sediments from MC-2 near the point of discharge contained 25
percent volatile materials, while the sediments from MC-1 near the mouth
of Mill Creek contained 3.8 percent volatiles [Table E-l, Appendix I].
The differential confirms that substantial decomposition of discharged
solids from the Calcasieu Paper Company takes place in Kill Creek,
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Cosalssion recently approved the discharge
levels of certain materials based on data submitted them by Calcasieu Paper
Company. A summary of the information from the Commission is as follows:
-------
17
N
Not To Scale
Figure 1-1. Effluent g Receiving Water Sampling locations (or Calcasitu Paper Company
-------
1-4
18
TABLE 1-1
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Boater Description andRemarks
CAL-1 Santple taken 20 yards downstream from the point where the "Front
Ditch" and "Back Ditch" combine at the headwaters of Hill Creek.
Mill Creek la a tributary to the Calcasieu Elver.
CR-20 Calcaaieu River at Highway 26 bridge (USGS 135) downstream from
the couth of Mill Creek.
CR-21 Calcasieu Elver at bridge in Sec 15, T4 and RAW upstream from
the mouth of Kill Creek.
MC-1 Mill Creek near mouth at USGS 134.5.
MC-2 Mill Creek south of Elizabeth, Louisiana.
-------
TABLE 1-2
SUMMARY OF ANALTTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS*/
Conductivity
Plow pH (imhOB/cra
Sta
CAL-1
CR-20
CR-a
MC-1
MC-2
Sta
CAL-1
CR-20
01-21
MC-1
MC-2
rnd range range
8.71 7.2-11.2 320-5.000
6.5- 7.3
7.4- 8.0
6.4- 6.6
7.6- 9.3
Oil IP Crease
BR/1 Ibs/day
4 290
composite
750
117
75.5
2.000
12,800
Cadmium
me/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Temp . , Solids
*C TOC COD2' total SUSP
ranee me/1 Ibs/day BR/1 Ibs/day BR/1 Ibs/day Be/1 Ibs/day
36-42 150 10.900 504 36.700 918 66.800 360 26.200
23 15 182 49
20-22 11 116 18
22 48 200 451
36-37 390 560 1.810
Chromium Mercury, Copper Lead^ Aluminum
BR/1 Ibs/day ue/1 BR/I ae/1 BR/!
0.10 7 <0.1
<0.02 <0.1 <0.02 <0.1 1.5
<0.02 <0.1 <0.02 <0.1 2.4
<0.1
<0.1
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F. '
b/ COD analyses were performed when TOG values exceeded 20 Bg/1.
c/ No Interference froa calcium detected. 7*
1/1
19
-------
Date of Application: August 20, 1970
Quantity of Discharge: II cfa
Temperature: Equivalent to stream temperature
Turbidity; 80
True Color: 133
Organic Materials: 8,883 Ibs/day, equivalent to ISO ppm
Inorganic Materials: 11,843 Ibs/day, equivalent to 200 ppm
Ho toxic materials were listed in the application. Discharge is to
the Upper Calcasieu liver.
PIDfOSED MASTE TREATMENT
According to Company officials, a. new waste treatment facility has
been designed and is scheduled to be completed within the next year. The
major portion of the present vastewater flow will be reclrculated. The
proposed system is designed to reduce BOD to 25 ag/1, suspended solids to
25 mg/1, and color to 100 AIM units. The "treatment" afforded by Mill
Creek will, according to Company estimates, reduce the BOD at the mouth of
Mill Creek by an additional 75 percent. Company officials contend,
further, that the constituents in the wastevater vill be reduced corres-
pondingly by treatment in Mill Creek, thus causing a negligible effect on
the Upper Calcaaieu liver.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Because Kill Creek flows, for its entire length downstream from
the point of discharge, through the Vest Bay Wildlife Management Area,
using the stream as a treatment facility is unacceptable;
2. Whereas the Calcasieu Faper Company has Indicated intent to claia
use of Mill Creek as part of the treatment process subsequent to the
installation of nev treatment facilities, use of a tributary to a navi-
-------
1-7
gable stream for waste treatment or disposal is a violation of the Refuse
Act and, in the case of Mill Creek, constitutes s violation of Louisiana
3. f resent treatment allows for the dally discharge to a tributary of
s navigable streaa of 10t900 Ibs of carbonaceous materials; 26,200 Ibs,
suspended solids; and 290 Ibs of oil and grease, thus constituting viola-
tions of Section 407, River* and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward initiation
of suitable treatment by July 1, 1972, and evaluate the effectiveness of
treatment by January 1, 1973, to ascertain that effluent quality at the
point of discharge is adequate for release into a wildlife refuge.
2. the Office of Enforcement, EFA, notify the Louisiana Stream Con-
trol Commission that:
a) The Calcssieu Paper Company claims the right to use Mill Creek
for waste treatment, is presently doing so, and intends to con-
tinue the practice subsequent to construction of new treatment
facilities and that,
b) Mill Creek is the property of the State of Louisiana, by virtue
of LSA - l.S. 9:51 Section 1101, and the statute gives specific
guidance in the control of pollution "... injurious to «... aquatic
life or wild or domestic animals or fowls."
3. If the implementation of this treatment program is not carried out
according to schedule, or if treatment is not adequate, consideration be
-------
1-8
given to initiating appropriate abatement actions against the Coapany,
4. The discharge permit, to be Issued by the Corps of Engineers, limit
discharges of BOD, COD, TOG, suspended solids, color, and toxic materials
to levels consistent with applicable water quality standards and beat
available treatment.
-------
THE CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
-------
24
n-i
GENERAL INTORMAT ION
la conjunction vlth other chemical plants and petroleum refineries,
the Cities Services Oil Company i« a substantial contributor to the
economy in the Lower Calcasieu River area. Coopany operations are involved
in the production of petroleum products, petrochemicals, and butyl rubber.
The Cities Service Oil Company (P, 0* Box 1562, Lake Charles, Louisiana
70601) has four industrial plants located in the Lake Charles area;
(1) Cities Service Oil Company Butyl Rubber;
(2) Cities Service Oil Coopany Refinery;
(3} Cities Service Oil Company Lube and Wax; and
(4) Cities Service Oil Company Petrochemical and Ethylene Fropylene.
On March 25, 1971, W. C. Blackman, Jr., M. 1. Helton, and J. L. Hatheway,
DF1-DC, EPA, set with T. W. Klrby, assistant superintendent for laboratories,
at the Cities Service Oil Company, in order to obtain information for a
waste source Inventory. T. P. Harrison, Enforcement Office, EPA, Region 71,
had nade arrangements for the aeetiug. A tour of the four plants vas con-
ducted during the March 25 visit. (Mr. Kirby would not permit the investi-
gators to take photographs within the plant property).
Subsequent contact was made with Mr* Kirby on April 15, by R, D. Harp
and Mr* Hatheway, both of DFI-DC, to plan the industrial waste sampling
program being conducted in conjunction with a water quality survey of the
Calcasieu River Basin.
Permission to sample all effluent discharges was granted by Mr. K.irby;
however, permission to sample process wastes prior to treatment was not
granted.
-------
n-2
Pertinent information and results of Che Investigation of waste treat-
Meat ami disposal practices at each Cities Service facility are discussed
below.
-------
26
BACKGROUND INFORMATION p
a
facility Description
VI
The Butyl rubber plant operates continuously. Eighty-seven people
are employed in the rubber production operation. The rated plant capacity
w
la 84 Billion Ibs per year of Butyl rubber, the plant's primary product.
r*
By-products, such as isobutylene, isoprene, and methyl chloride, are
recycled into the production process. The raw materials that are employed
ye
include isobutylene, isoprene, zinc stearate, aluminum chloride, and
natural gas.
Hater Supply
Water, for process and cooling purposes, is obtained from one 1,000
gp« (1.44 ngd) well. Boiler feed water is supplied from stean condensate
is the refinery feed.
Existing Waste Treatment
Oily wastewaters from the Butyl plant are discharged to the oxidation
pond at the Cities Service Oil Company refinery. Once-through cooling
water, other wastewater, and blowdown from a cooling tower are discharged
to the Lower Calcasieu River without treatment.
The effluent, froa a commercial chromate recovery process, is ~ ac-
cording to Company information — essentially free of chromate, although
contain zinc on the order of 2-3 ng/1 as zinc stearate.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Aliquot* (125 al) of the effluent were composited every two hours for
24 hoars, commencing at 7:35 a.m., April 21, 1971. Samples were taken
-------
27 n~4
fro* the outfall ditch near the Lover Calcasieu liver [Figure 2-1]. A grab
•ample was collected, at 3:40 p.a., April 17, for oil and grease analysis.
Shrinp survival studies were conducted in the Lover Calcasieu Elver in the
vicinity of this discharge. Water and sediment sample* were collected in
the Lover liver upstream and downstream Iron the point of industrial dis-
charge. [The sampling points are described ia fable 2-1, their locations
shown In Figure 2-1.1
[Analyses 'of the effluent and stream samples are listed in Table 2-2.1
During the 24-hour sampling period, pollutant loads discharged included 6
Ibs of chromium; 2,470 Ibs, COD; 410 Ibs, IOC; 2,160 Ibs, suspended solids;
and 100 Ibs of oil and grease.
Survival studies using white shrinp were conducted (following methods
outlined in Appendix C) in situ at industrial site stations CR-2.1 and 4.2
and at the Control Stations (CR-11.2 and 1) [Figure 2-1], Total mortality,
within 24 hours [Appendix D], of the shrimp at CR-4.1 and 4.2, precluded
taste and odor studies. After a similar 24-hour exposure period, shrimp
mortalities at the Control Stations vere 10 and 20 percent, respectively
(Appendix D]. Although it is not known which constituents or combinations
of constituents in the Elver caused total mortality at stations CR-4.1
aad CR-4, It is clear that the stream quality at this location is toxic
to native shrimp.
Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 2-1], are located in the
Lover Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination fron
Industrial wastes. Station CR-1 is located downstream fron Industrial
discharges and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other
-------
.A. 1O8
r
HERCULES PLANT
I 1
_J
0.
t-
3
CD
u
(/I
u
CR-3
CR-3.3
CR-5
CR-4,2
CITIES SERVICE OIL CO
CR-3.1
Not To Scale
Figure 2-1. Edluent i Retei«ii| later Samplini Localions for Cities Seifice Oil Co. • Butyl Plant & Refinery
-------
II-5
TABLE 2-1
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING HATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Huaber Description and Rea«rk«___T_
CSC-1 Samples collected from the drainage ditch at a point Just before
it empties into the Lower Calcasieu River (ditch parallels the
north fence of the Cities Service refinery plant).
CR-1 Lover Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream of intra-
coastal waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control Station).
CR-4 Lover Calcasieu River upstream of Cities Service refinery effluent
and dovnstreaa from the Butyl rubber plant effluent.
CR-4.1 Lover Calcaaieu River, northwest shore, at discharge of the Butyl
robber plant.
CR-4.2 Lover Calcasieu River, opposite the Butyl rubber plant.
CR-5 Lover Calcasieu River near Channel Marker 108.
CR-11.2 Lover Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island just
vest of Lake Charles (Control Station).
-------
TABLE 2-2
SUMMARY OF ANALTTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS4^
Sta
CSC-1
CR-4
CR-5
Sta
CSC-1
CR-4
CR-5
Conductivity Temp . .
Flow pH umhoa/cm *C TOC COD-'
•gd range range corap range BR/1 Iba/day mg/1 Iba/day
1.70 7.2-9.8 1.000- 2.300 22- 29 410 170 2,470
3.500 30.5
7.1-8.3 13.000 24-24 9.4, 12s/
6.8-8.6 13.400 23-24 9.4. 13s/
CadmluB Chromium Mercury Copper Lead
•a/1 OK/1 Iba/day ug/1 aw/l «g/l
<0.05 0.40 6 <0.1 <0.02 <0.1
Sollda
total suap Oil t Crease
mg/1 Iba/day ng/1 Iba/dav ma/1 Iba/day
1,480 21,000 152 2.160 7 100
8,610 14
8,980 16
a/ Analytical procedurea ara outlined In Appendix F.
b/ COD analyaea were perfomed when TOC valuea excaedad 20 mg/1.
c/ Two compoaltua taken (aornlng and afternoon).
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3i
II-7
•tation*. Station CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial dis-
charges and baa vater with lover salinity levels Chan has Station Cl-1.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)
the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by the
Cities Service Oil Company for its Butyl plant. A summary of the infor-
mation from the Commission files is as follows:
Quantity of Discharge: 0.9 cfs
Temperature: 65-87°F.
Turbidity: 25-60 JTTJ
True Color: 20-30
Organic Materials (oil): 1? Ibs/day - 3 ppm
Inorganic Materials: 4300 Ibs/day - 900 ppm
Toxic Materials:
Chromium 0 Ibs/day - 0 ppm
Zinc 4 Ibs/day - 1 ppm
Mercury 0 Ibs/day - 0 ppm
Dissolved Oxygen: SOZ Saturation
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
The Company's laboratory personnel are presently experimenting tilth
new treatment processes; no schedule for upgrading treatment has been made
known.. The Intent, according to Mr. tirby, Is to reuse treated vastewater
ss cooling make-up vater in the Butyl plant.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. The present discharges of heavy metals, carbonaceous materials,
suspended solids, and oil and grease, constitute violations of Section 407,
Rivera and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).
2. The stream near the effluent discharge Is toxic to native shrimp.
-------
32
3, Even though aa effort is being made to develop and implement a
suitable treatment and reuse scheme, no implementation schedule vas made
known to the EPA investigators.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It Is recommended that:
1. The Office of Enforcement, IPA, in cooperation with appropriate
State and local authorities, monitor progress toward implementation of
suitable treatment processes at The Cities Service Oil Company Butyl
Rubber plant.
2. If a schedule for implementation of suitable treatment is not in
effect by June 1, 1972, consideration be given to initiating appropriate
abatement actions against the Company for the discharge of chromium;
carbonaceous materials; suspended solids; and oil and grease to the
Calcasieu River, a navigable stream.
3. When a suitable schedule is implemented, the Office of Enforcement,
EPA, monitor progress toward completion, and take appropriate action at any
time that the Company falls behind the schedule.
4. The Corps of Engineers permitt to be issued, limit concentrations
of BOD; COD; TOC; of suspended solids; oil and grease; heavy metals; and
complex organics to levels consistent with best available treatment and
with the water quality standards for the Lower Calcasieu River.
-------
33
II-9
BACKGROUND IHIORMATION
Taciltty Description P
u
The plant operates continuously. The production work force includes
approximately 1000 employees.
The refinery produces propane; propylene; o-xylene and other aromatic
chemicals; aviation gas; motor gas; Jet fuel; kerosene; dieael fuel; fur-
Hi
nace oil; carbon black feed; residual fuel; coke; and feed stocks for
lubes, vases, and petrochemicals*
Crude oils, light hydrocarbons (to butane), diethylglycol, and pyrro-
lidine are the raw materials used in the operation. Others, used in the
process, include sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitors,
oxidation inhibitors, and tetraethyl lead.
Water Supply
Water for the refinery is obtained from the Calcasieu liver for non-
contact cooling (360 ngd) . Seven wells, each rated at 1,000 gpm (1,44 mgd) ,
provide process water, cooling water, and boiler feed*
Analyses of the river intake water [fable 2-3] indicate that it contained
0.2 yg/1 Mercury; 0.1 mg/1 lead; 9 mg/1 TOC; and 31 tog /I suspended solids
on the day of sampling.
Existin
Once- through cooling water from the power plant as well as oily wastes
from the refinery and the Butyl rubber plant are treated in a 28-acre
oxidation lagoon. It discharges to a second pond that vas dredged in
Indian Karais. The second pond's outlet, to the Lower Calcasieu liver
-------
TABLE 2-3
SUMMARY OF ANALTTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
FROM FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Sta
CSC-2
CSC- 24
CSC-3
CSC-4
CR-3
CE-4
liar7 _*«_
Bed ranee
290
290
58
400
7.3-8.2
7.3-8.3
7.0-7.9
7.1-7.8
7.1-8.0
7.1-8.3
Conductivity
linhoa/cm
ranee
14.000-18,000
14,500-17,000
13.000rl6.000
15.000-20.000
comp •
13.600
13,000
12,800
13,600
14,850
13.000
Temp
•c
range
32-37
32-34
33-36
23-25
25-25
24-24
TOC COI
me/1
15
230
13
9
9.8. 13
9.4. 12
Iba/dav rae/1
36,300
557.000 520
6.300
30,000
d/
d/
Sollda
^ total
Iba/day me/1
9.220
1.26 X 106 9,850
8,710
9.760
9,580
1 8,610
Ibs/day
22.3 X 106
23.9 X 106
4.2 X 106
32.6 X 106
•usp Oil t Creaae
mg/1
38
220
27
31
9
14
Iba/day mg/1
92.000 5
533.000
13.000
103.500
Iba/day
12.100
34
I
M
O
-------
TABLE 2-3 (continued)
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
FROM FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
Sta
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-3
CSC-4
CH-3
CH-4
Cadmium
oa/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.03
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
ma/1 Ibs/day
0.02 48
0.14 340
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
Mercury
UK/1
0.2
1.0
0.3
0.2
4.6
Ibs/day
0.4843
2.422
0.1443
0.6680
Copper
BiK/1 Ibs/day
0.04 97
0.11 266
0.04 19
<0.02
<0.02
Lead
mit/1 Ibs/day
0.2s/ 485
4.0s/ 9,690
0.2s/ 95
0.1s/ 335
<0.1
I
Aluminum NtU as N
•8/1 ng/1 Ibs/day
10.1 24.500
«0.5
•/ Analytical procedures are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ Flow data, provided by T. V. Klrby, compare with Information coll«ct«d ttom Louisiana Stn
c/ COD analysea were performed when TOC values exceeded 20 *g/l.
d/ Two composite* taken (morning and afternoon).
«/ No Interference from calcium detected.
Control Commission file*.
35
-------
36 n-12
(Station CSC-2A), IB equipped vith a steel curtain that extends approxl-
•ately three feet belev the water surface. This curtain functions as a
skimmer to prevent the discharge of floating oil and is hinged to a cat-
walk so that It can pivot with the direction of flow of the water. When
there is barge traffic on the River, the curtain Is observed to pivot with
flows moving from the waterway upstream into the second pond. Flow through
this system is approximately 288 mgd [Figure 2-1}.
Condenser cooling water is discharged without treatment directly to
the Lower Calcasieu River. This discharge amounts to approximately 57.6 mgd.
FIEST SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Aliquots (250 ml) were composited every four hours, commencing at
7:55 a.m., April 21, at four sampling stations in the refinery [Figure 2-1],
[Description of these stations and of the stream stations sampled Is pro-
vided In Table 2-4.] A grab sample for oil and grease analysis was obtained
at CSC-2 at 3:15 p.m., April 17. On April 21, at 11:00 a.m. another grab
sample was taken, at Station CSC-2, for organic analysis. [Analytical
results and field measurements recorded are listed in Table 2-3.1
Analysis of the upper pond effluent was carried out to determine com-
plex organlcs [Table 2-51. Normal aliphatic hydrocarbons identified in the
effluent sample represent a portion of the oil and grease discharged by
the Company refinery. High concentrations of phenolic compounds vere
also observed in the effluent. In these concentrations (as discharged from
the refinery), the compounds are toxic to aquatic life and may have a detri-
mental effect on the receiving waters.
-------
11-13
37
fABLE 2-4
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number Description
CSC-2 Effluent from the refinery lagoon at the outlet structure,
approximately 1,000 ft from the Lover Calcasieu River.
CSC-2A Samples collected at the point vhere the effluent froa the
refinery enters the Lover Calcasieu River.
CSC-2B Samples collected at aid-depth at center of second pond dredged
froa Indian Marais.
CSC-2C Effluent from tvo small ponds, which are part of the refinery's
treatment, that are located on the south aide of Indian Maraia*
Effluent enters Indian Maraia Just upstream of second pond.
CSC-3 Samples collected from the power plant effluent before it
enters the Lover Calcasieu River (Dock C). Flow is approxi-
mately 40,000 gpm.
CSC-A Cooling water supply to the refinery (approximately 200,000 gpa).
Samples collected at the forebay cf the puap house, (source
Lover Calcasieu River).
CR-1 Lover Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstreaa of intra-
coastal waterway), near channel marker 92 (Control Station),
CR-3 Lover Calcasieu River at Channel Marker 106, downstream from the
Bain effluent of the Company refinery.
CR-3.1 Lover Calcasieu River, east shore opposite the main refinery
discharge.
CR-3.2 Lover Calcasieu River, vest shore at industrial discharge of
the refinery.
CR-3.3 Lover Calcasieu River, east shore, and opposite Cities Service
Bain refinery discharge.
CR-4 Lover Calcasieu liver upstream of Cities Service refinery
effiufent and downstream from the Company Butyl rubber plane
effluent.
CR-11.2 Lover Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island just
vest of Lake Charles (Control Station).
-------
11-14
r - as
TABLE 2-5
RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Compound Concentration Load
Identified (iig/1) Ib/day
Dodecane 0.031 79
Heptadecane 0.022 S3
Hexadecane 0.026 66
Nonadecane 0.013 33
2-Methylnaphthalene 0.013 33
0-Cresol 0.120 300
Octadecane 0,017 43
Pentadecane 0.030 76
Phenol 0.200 510
Tetradecane . 0.039 99
Tridecane 0.042 107
Undecane 0.027 69
1-Methylnaphthalene 0.005 12
-------
-11-15
39
At the time sampling vaa being planned, the DPI-DC investigating teas
indicated to officials of the Company that, since the second pond had been
dredged from a natural tributary (Indian Maraia) and is subject to tidal
action, the discharge from the first pond (CSC-2) should be considered to
be the point of discharge and, therefore, the point to be sampled. These
officials claimed that the second pond constitutes a segment of the treat-
vent process, and that the flow past the curtain into the Lower Calcasieu
River (CSC-2A) should be sampled. Since the dispute could not be resolved,
it was finally agreed that both points would be sampled — the dispute to
be resolved after consultation with respective legal staffs.
Substantial differences in quality were found to exist between the
two sampling points [fable 2-4]. Calculated loads discharged, during the
24-hour period, at CSC-2 included 36,300 Ibs of TOC; 92,000 Ibs, suspended
solids; 12,100 Ibs, oil and grease; 48 Ibs, chromium; 0.48 Ibs, mercury;
97 Ibs, copper; 485 Ibs of lead; and 1.7 X 10 calories of heat* Calculated
loads discharged at CSC-2A, during the 24-hour sampling period, included
1,260,000 Ibs of COD; 557,000 Ibs, TOC; 533,000 Ibs, suspended solids;
340 Ibs, chromium; 2.42 Ibs, mercury; 266 Ibs, copper; and 9,690 Ibs of lead.
Because the curtain caused the materials to be discharged at depths of
at least 6 feet in the Lower River, oil and grease were not measured at
CSC-2A; however, oil rises in widely dispersed patches well downstreaa
from the curtain. Thus, it was not possible to obtain a representative
sairple with the equipment at hand.
The cause of the differences in the concentrations at the two points
is not clear. Possible causes include unknown dlscharge(s) to the second
-------
11-16
4u
pood; unobserved discharges from Indian Marais; tidal action causing
buildup in the lower ponds or scouring of bottom materials by flood tides
passing beneath the curtain; and the elimination of interfering substances
within the lover pond. The possibility of sampling error is discounted
because various parts of the analyses and standards vere carefully recbecked,
Moreover, concentrations of TOC, suspended solids, lead, and mercury vere at
least five tiaes greater at CSC-2A than at CSC-2. Also, all concentrations
measured vere higher to some degree at the outlet from the second pond.
Zf analytical or sampling errors vere involved, such a pattern would not
have prevailed.
-Based upon the contention by Company officials that Station
CSC-2A is most representative of the discharge by the refinery, the net
loads discharged during the 24-hour sampling period vere calculated by
adding loads from stations CSC-2A and CSC-3, and by subtracting the intake
loads at CSC-4. (Flows used in calculating the loads vere furnished by
Company officials.) The loads thus calculated include 533,000 Ibs of TOC;
443,000 Ibs of suspended solids; 340 Ibs, chromium; 1.9 Ibs, mercury; 285
Ibs, copper; and 9,400 Ibs of lead. As indicated earlier, discharges
of oil and grease vere not determined at CSC-2A. The load discharged
at CSC-2 during the 24-hour sampling period was 12,000 Ibs. The discharges
also added 12 X 1012 calories heat.
Survival studies, employing vhite shrimp, vere conducted in situ at
industrial sites Stations CR-3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, and 4.2 and at 11.2
and 1 (Figure 2-1] following methods outlined in Appendix C. A 100 percent
shrimp mortality [Appendix D] at all industrial site stations within a
-------
4i n"17
24-hour exposure period, precluding taste and odor studies. Shrimp at
Control Stations CR-11.2 and CR-1 [Figure 2-1] had 24-hour mortalities
of 10 and 20 percent, respectively [Appendix D],
A sediment sample, collected below the main discharge (station CR-3.2),
vas composed of black soft sediment having * strong petrochemical odor
[Table E-l, Appendix E). Almost 20 percent of the sample vas volatile
•aterials. An OSI value of 2.8 indicates an organic sludge undergoing
decay and decomposition. The sediment also contained S.4 ug/g of mercury.
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
This section summarizes the results of the second sampling program
of Cities Service Oil Company refinery.
As noted in the section titled "First Sampling Program and Results",
discrepancies connotating differences in quality were perceived between
two sampling points, CSC-2 and CSC-2A [Table 2-3). Because of these dis-
crepancies a second survey vas conducted on October 22 and 23, 1971.
On October 21, 1971, T. P. Harrison, Enforcement Office, EPA, Region VI
contacted officials of Cities Service Oil Company refinery to make arrange-
ments for the re-sampling program. On October 22, 1971, J. L. Hathevay,
L. R. Valz, and H. V. Boyle contacted Stan Gilliard of the refinery to
outline and make arrangements for the second survey. Mr. Gilliard vas
cooperative and agreed to the re-sampling survey as well as to the addition
of station CSC-2B. He also informed Mr. Hathevay that effective September 19,
1971, the refinery begaa discharging "sour water"* at a rate of 325 gpn to
a deep veil.
* "Sour water" is a trade term that identifies a process waste which con-
tains high concentrations of hydrogen sulflde, ammonia, and phenols.
-------
42 "-is
Aliquot* (125 nl) vere composited every two hours commencing at
12:15 p.m., on October 22, 1971, at six sampling atations in the refinery
[Figure 2-1]. [Description of these stations is provided in Table 2-4.]
At stations CSC-2A and CSC-2B the samples vere collected at a. point below
the steel curtain and at aid-depth, respectively. The samples collected
from the lover pond (CSC-2B) consisted of a composite of two grab samples.
On October 23, grab samples for oil and grease analysis vere obtained
at stations CSC-2A and CSC-2 at 10:30 and 10:40 a.m., respectively. At
the request of Cities Service Oil Company personnel, all collected
samples vere divided and a portion given to them; the remainder was for-
warded to EPA laboratories for analysis. {Analytical results and field
measurements of the second sampling program are listed in Table 2-6.]
During the 24-hour period, vaste loads discharged from the refinery
vere calculated by adding loads from stations CSC-2A and CSC-3, and sub-
tracting the intake loads at CSC-4, Flows used in calculating the loads
vere furnished by Company officials and compare with information in
Louisiana Stream Control Commission files. The daily loads calculated
Include 25,000 Ibs of COD; 3000 Ibs, suspended solids; 16 Ibs, chromium;
134 Ibs, copper; 167 Iba, lead; 12,000 Ibs of oil and grease, and 11 X 1012
calories of heat.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAK CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)
the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by the
Cities Service Oil Company for its refinery. A summary of the information
from the Commission files is as follows:
-------
TABLE 2-6
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
FROM SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Station
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-2B
CSC-2C
CSC-3
CSC-4
Flotfb/
ned
290
290
290
58
400
Conductivity
limhoa/cm
range
18,000-21.000
18.500-22.000
22.000
16,000-22.000
18.000-23.000
Temp
•c
range
35-38
31-35
35
35-39
25-26
TOC
on/1
<5
<5
<5
89
<5
<5
COD
DC/1
190
140
120
S20
110
110
Ibs/day
459,000
339,000
291.000
53.000
367.000
Solids
total
OH/1
14.500
14.700
14,300
14.000
14,300
Iba/day
35.1
35.6
6.78
47.7
X106
X106
X106
X106
SUSP
nit/1
50
40
40
160
80
40
Ibs/day
121,000
97,000
97.000
39.000
133.000
43
I
M
VO
-------
TABLE 2-6 (continued)
SDMMART Of ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
FROM SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
Station
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-2B
CSC-2C
CSC-3
CSC-4
Oil and Creaae Cadmium
BR/1 Ibs/day nit/1 Ibs/day
9 22.000 <0.01
5 12.000 <0.01
<0.01
0.02
, 0.02 10
<1 0.01 33
Chromium
OR/1
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.44
0.02
0.02
Iba/day
73
73
73
10
67
Copper
BK/1
0.10
0.16
0.14
0.33
0.10
0.09
Ibs/day
242
387
339
48
301
LeadE/
m(t/l
0.19
0.14
0.08
0.63
0.06
0.06
Iba/dar
459
338
194
29
200
a/ Analytical procedure* are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Flow data, provided by T. W. Klrby, compare with information collected fro* Loulalana Stream Control
Coomlaaion files.
e/ No Interference fro* calclua detected.
I
NJ
o
44
-------
45
Quantity of Discharge; 535 cfa
Temperature; 68-102"F
Turbldltys 25-60 JTU
True Color: 60
Organic Materials (Oil): 17,300 Ibs/day - 6 ppm
Organic Materials (BOD): 98,400 Ibs/day - 34 ppm
Inorganic Materials:* 100,000 Ibs/day - 37 ppm
Toxic Materials:
Chromate 80 Ibs/day - 0.03 ppm
Phenol 1,205 Ibs/day - 0.45 ppm
Zinc 117 Iba/day - 0.13 ppm
Mercury 0 Ibs/day - 0 ppm.
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
Towers are being constructed at the Cities Service Oil Company refinery
that will permit recirculatlon of cooling water. Operation of the cooling
facilities will reduce flow through the ponds by approximately 130 mgd.
Aa noted earlier, EPA investigators were not permitted to sample the
process wastes entering the pond system. As a result, the present treat-
ment capability could not be determined. Since the detention time will
remain short, reduction of the flow through the system by 130 mgd cannot be
expected to increase materially the treatment efficiency. The proposed
additional wastewater treatment consists principally of in-plant process
control and primary treatment for the residual.
At the time of the first EPA investigation, sour water was included
with the wastes treated In the pond system. A deep well system (4,900 ft)
had been constructed and was being used for disposal of sour water at the
time of the second investigation. The Cities Service Oil Company refinery
has been issued a permit by the mineral division of the Louisiana Department
of Conservation to operate this disposal well. The quantity and quality of
* Incoming River water would contain as much aa 53,000,000 Ibs/day of
dissolved solids, to which the above would be added.
-------
11-22
46
the tour water produced is not known but the. disposal veil is raced at
$00 pgffl (1.15 mgd).
CONCLUSIONS
Frcra tbe data obtained during the second sampling program, October 22
and 23, 1971, the discharged waste loads, as measured at stations CSC-2
and CSC-2A, are comparable. Waste loads at both these stations are very
comparable to those measured at station CSC-2 during the first sampling
program. Tbe reason for the discrepancy between measured waste loads at
CSC-2 and CSC-2A during the first survey is not readily apparent. Operation
of the disposal veil appears to have contributed to the reduction of waste
loads discharged to the liver. So, it is concluded that:
1. The waste loads determined at stations CSC-2 and CSC-2A in the
second survey confirm the waste load measurement at station CSC-2 in the
first survey.
2. The refinery discharges carbonaceous materials; suspended solids;
chromium; mercury; copper; lead; phenols; and heat to the Lower Calcasieu
Eiver, in violation of Section 407, livers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC:
401-413),
3* Observations of receiving waters,-the discharge of oil and grease
at station CSC-2A (12,000 Ibs/day), and the character of the bottom deposits
in the Lower Calcasieu River in the vicinity of the refinery substantiate
that oil and grease in objectionable quantities are being discharged by the
refinery into the River.
4. River vater near the refinery discharge is toxic to shrimp, one
of the native forms of aquatic life found in the Lower Calcasieu River.
-------
47 .
S. Cooling facilities, which will reduce flow through the pond system,
are under construction. The pond system will continue to be used for treat-
ing the remaining waste streams and constitutes primary treatment even
though ponding is no suitable treatment for refinery wastes.
6. Operation of the disposal well, if continued, may result in reduc-
tions in the amounts of ammonia and sulfides and other substances now dis-
charged to the pond systea. (Such disposal is contrary to EPA policy guide-
lines and previous regulatory practice.)
RECOMHENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. Consideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement actions
against the Lake Charles Refinery of the Cities Service Oil Company for
discharges of carbonaceous materials; suspended solids; chromium; mercury;
copper; lead; phenols; and heat to the Calcasieu River.
2. The appropriate Federal District Court be requested to enjoin
the Cities Service Oil Company from use of the disposal veil because such
practice is contrary to the public Interest and may endanger public water
supplies.
3. The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued to this refinery,
limit the discharge of BOD; COD; TOC; suspended solids; oil and grease;
heavy metals; complex organics; and heat to levels consistent with best
available treatment and with the water quality standards for the Lower
Calcmsleu River*
-------
48
BACKGROUND INFORMATION r
H
Facility Description
Ownership of this plant is divided as follows: approximately two-
thirds by Cities Service Oil Company and one-third by Continental Oil
Company, thus the name Cit-Con. £
r
This lube and wax plant operates continuously. Of the 454 persons
employed at the plant three are involved in water pollution control
activities, finished products are liquid paraffin wax; vacuum gas oil;
B
F
vax slabs; finished neutral oil; finished light intermediate neutral oil;
c
finished heavy oil; soft vax by-product; finished bright stock; and amor- *
phous vax.
The primary raw material is topped crude. Rated plant capacity
is 30,000 barrels per day of feed, of which 9,500 barrels are lube stock* £
I
Water Supply §
v
Hater for use in this plant is obtained from a series of four veils, §
8)
each of which is rated at 1,000 pgm (1.44 Bgd). approximately 1,000 gpm
(1.44 mgd) are used for non-contact cooling and 2,000 gpm (2.88 mgd) for
process water. Hater is also used to slurry fine clay employed as a de-
coloring agent, to disposal pits.
Exlsting,_Has_te± Treatment
Hastewater discharges from this Industry are treated in a large oxida-
tion pond where gravity separation and skimming of oil and grease are pro-
vided. The yastswter flow is approximately 3.32 mgd, of which 0.43 mgd is
cooling water. The oxidation pond has a retention time of about 70 days.
Effluents from this pond and the clay pits discharge to an open channel that
-------
49
subsequently enters Bayou d'Inde [Figure 2-2].
DISCUSSION OF SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Allquots (125 ml) of the plant effluent were collected every tvo hours
and composited over a 24-hour period commencing at 7:15 a.m. April 21.
{Description of sampling stations is provided in Table 2-7.] The plant
effluent samples were taken at a railroad bridge (CSC-6), located approxi-
mately 500 feet downstream of the oxidation pond [Figure 2-2]. At this
sampling point the effluent from the clay slurry pits vas thoroughly mixed
vith the pond effluent. A grab sample vaa collected, at 4:40 p.m. April 17,
for oil and grease analysis, [Results of the effluent sampling are shown
in Table 2-8.]
During the 24-hour period of sampling the lube and wax plant discharged
410 Ibs of TOG; 60 Ibs. Nl.-N; 630 Ibs, suspended solids; and 190 Ibs of oil
and grease.
Shrinp survival studies vere conducted in Bayou d'Inde at station
CR-6.1 [Figure 2-2] and at Control Stations following methods outlined in
Appendix C. Sediment samplea were collected upstream of the lube and wax
plant and at Station CR-6.2 [Appendix E].
Survival studies vith shrimp indicate that total mortality occurred
within six hours [Appendix D], The lack of oxygen in the water or the
toxicity from either industrial wastes or noxious gases (released from
the sludge-covered bottom) was considered aa cause of death. The 100
percent mortality precluded taate and odor tests. During this time span,
at CR-11.2 and CR-1, shrimp mortalities vere 10 and 20 percent, respectively.
-------
50
CSC OIL. REFINING
PLANT
Not To Scale
Figure 2-2, tlltueni & Atceiiinf later Sampling Locations lur Cttiis Siniics Oil to, - t«6i & *ai Plant [CH-CJN1 I PgtisdiBmical Plan!
-------
11-26
5i
TABLE 2-7
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING HATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Muaiber Description and Remark*
CSC-6 Effluent from oxidation pond of lube and wax plant, collected at
railroad bridge approximately 500 feet downstream from pood.
CR-1 Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (above intraccastal
waterway) near channel marker 92 (Control Station),
CR-6.1 Bayou d'Inde downstrean from Cit-Con, and Cities Service petro-
chemical plant.
CR-6.2 Bayou d'Inde upstream of Cit-Con, and Cities Service petrochemical
plant.
CR-11.2 Lower Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island just
west of Lake Charles (Control Station),
-------
TABLE 2-8
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5/
Sta
CSC-6
Sta
CSC-6
_EH_
Flow ranee
2.91 7.2-8.6
Oil &
•R/l
8
Conductivity
limhoa/cm ..
Temp
•c
ranee composite ranee
460-
340
Crease
Iba/day
190
510 26-29
Cadmium
me/1
<0.03
Solids
TOC total suap
•R/l Ibs/day BR/1 Ibs/dav me/1 Ibs/dar
17 410 361 8.800 26 630
Chromium Mercury Lead
me/1 Iba/day we/1 me/1
0.07 2 <0.1 <0.1
i
NH-, as N
me/1 Ibe/day
2.33 60
Copper
me/1
<0.02
•/ Analytical procedures are outlined in Appendix P.
I
NJ
-------
• 53
Sediment analyses from CR-6.1 Indicated a 20 percent volatile material
and an 051 value of 3.4 [Table E-l, Appendix I}. This value indicates a
highly organic bottom deposit that is undergoing decomposition and
stabilization. Upstream of the lube and wax plant discharge the sedi-
ment was composed of decaying material, vegetation, leaves, etc. At this
location the OSI was only slightly lover (3.1); likewise, the volatile
material (19 percent) vaa lover.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970}
the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by the
Cities Service Oil Company for its lube and wax plant* A summary of the
information froa the Commission files is as follows:
Quantity of Discharge: 5.1 cfs*
Temperatures 65-87*?
Turbidity: 36 JTU
True Color? 30
Organic Materials (BOD): 2870 Ibs/day - 104 ppm
Phenol 823 Ibs/day * 30 ppm
Organic Materials (oil) : 5,520 Ibs/day - 200 ppm
Toxic Materials
Chromium 12 Ibs/day - 0.42 ppm
Zinc 4 Ibs/day - 0.16 ppm
* Approximately 87 percent of the 5.1 cfs is discharged to the
Cities Service refinery sewers and thence to the Lower Calcasieu
River; 0.7 cfs goes directly to Bayou d'Inde,
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
A larger oxidation pond is being constructed for this plant. The cost
for new facilities was estimated at $1.5 million. (The plant was under con-
struction at the time of sampling.) They are scheduled to be In operation
by the latter part of 1971.
-------
11-29
54
CONCLUSIONS
It 1» concluded that:
1. The daily discharged loads of 410 pounds of carbonaceous material;
630 pounds of suspended solids; and 190 pounds of oil and grease are vio-
lations of Section 407, Rivera and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).
2. Construction of new facilities for treatment of the lube and vax
plant liquid wastes is underway*
3* Results of survival tests with shrimp vere inconclusive because
effects of other, nearby discharges could not be separated from those of the
lube and wax plant discharges.
SECQMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that;
1. The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward completion
and operational status of the treatment facility, now under construction.
2. If suitable treatment is not operational by June 1, 1972, con-
sideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement actions against
the Company for the discharge of carbonaceous materials; nitrogenous mate-
rials; suspended solids; and oil and grease.
3. If the new treatment facilities are in operation by June 1, 1972,
the discharge from the lube and wax plant be reevaluated and, if the
quality does not meet applicable criteria, appropriate abatement actions
be initiated.
4. The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued, limit concentrations
of BOD; COD; TOC; suspended solids; oil and grease; and complex organics, to
levels consistent with best available treatment and applicable water quality
standards.
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55
BACKGROUND IN?OIMATIQN
•-I
Facility DeacripCion •
en
The materials produced at the Cities Service Petrochemical and Ethy-
lene-Propylene plant are propylene; ethylene; butadiene; butane and diner;
ethylene glycol; ethylene oxide; poly gly cols; and amaonla.
The plant operates continuously. Of the 498 persona employed In 8
production, three - an engineer, a chemist, and an equipment operator -
are involved In water pollution control.
H
s
Rated annual capacities of the facility are 900 million Ibs of ethy- 2
PJ
lene; 500 Billion IBS, propylene; 220 million Ibs, polyethylene; six j3
million Ibs, ethylene oxide; and 22 million gal. of ethylene glycol.
The raw materials employed include raw gas; ethane; by-products from
1
the Cities Service Oil Company refinery identified only as C. stream and
2
C, mix; propane; butadiene; nitrogen; hydroformer gas; platformer gas;
J
caustic soda; and sulfur ic acid.
C
Water Supply 1
Water Is obtained from seven wells, each of which is rated at 1,000 gpa
(1.44 mgd) . This water is used for cooling water makeup, boiler feed, and
process water. Approximately 223 mgd of cooling water is recirculated
through the cooling systems* The condensate from the cooling water is sold
to a neighboring industry.
Exl s ting Was te Tre ataen t
The wsstevate; discharge froa this industry is approximately 3 mgd.
Treatment consists of neutralization; oil separation (gravity); and three
-------
56
aerated lagoons — totalling five acres, which are operated in series. The
effluent from the lagoons is discharged to Bayou d'lnde.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Aliquots (250 ml) of the treated vaste were collected every four hours
and composited over a 24-hour period commencing at 8:40 a.m. on April 21,
A grab sample was collected for oil and grease analysis at 4:15 p.m. on
April 17. A grab sample for special organic analyses was collected at
11:45 a.m. on April 21. Samples of the effluent from the petrochemical
plant's third lagoon, were collected at the overflow structure prior to
discharge la Bayou d'lnde (CSC-5). [Its location is shown in Figure 2-2.
Analytical results for station CSC-5 are tabulated in Table 2-9.]
The organic compounds (Table 2-10] represent the major constituents
in the effluent sample. Other compounds were observed in lesser concen-
trations, but were not positively identified. The results demonstrate
that s wide variety of aromatic chemicals are discharged by the Company's
petrochemical plant. The specific toxicity of these compounds has not been
determined. However, discharge of these compounds undoubtedly has a
detrimental effect on the receiving water.
Net loads discharged by the petrochemical plant during the 24-hour
sampling period included 59 Ibs of chromium; 20,200 Ibs, COD; 5,900 Ibs,
TOC; 180 Ibs, ammonia; 2,600 Ibs, suspended solids; and 165 Ibs of oil and
grease.
Shrimp survival tests and sediment analyses for the stations in Bayou
d'lnde are discussed under the section covering waste treatment and disposal
at Cities Service Oil Company lube and wax plant.
-------
TABLE 2-9
SDMMAKT OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS2/
St*
CSC-5
Flow
3.95
ranee
9.2-9.7
Conductivity
limhoa/cm
range
1.000-1.600
Solids
Temp *C
range
26-28
TOC
OR/1
180
Ibn/day
5,900
COD
OR/1
612
Iba/dav
20,200
total
me/1
868
Ibs/day
28,600
susp
DK/1
78
Ibs/dav
2.600
NHj
OR/1
5.35
aa N
Ibs/day
180
St«
Oil &
•R/l
Grease
Iba/dav
Cadmium
OK/1
Chromium
og/1
Iba/dav
Mercury
UE/1
Iba/dav
Lead
DK/1
Copper
DK/1
Iba/dav
CSC-5
165
<0.05
1.8
59
0.8
0.0264
0.09
•/ Analytical procedure «r« outlined In Appendix T.
57
i
u>
NJ
-------
58
TABLE 2-10
RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Concentration Load
Cpapound Identified (ng/1) Ib/day
2-Methylnaphthlene 0.030 1.1
1-Methylnaphthalene 0.025 0.9
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 0.01S 0.5
Indan 0.007 0.3
Indene 0.026 0.9
m-Xylene 0.008 0.3
1-Methylindene 0.002 0.1
3-Methylindene 0.003 0.1
Naphthalene 0.053 1.9
O-Methylstyrene 0.001 0,05
m-Methylstyrene 0.02 0.8
p-Xylene 0.002 0.1
«>-Xylene 0.006 0.2
Phenol 0.060 2.1
Styrene 0.031 1.1
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11-34
59
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Scream Control Commission did not have in its files, any
information on the industrial waste discharge from the Cities Service Oil
Company petrochemical plant.
PROPOSED WASTE T1EATMENT
The Cities Service Oil Company is presently constructing a new kind of
"extended aeration" facility in order to treat waatewaters from the petro-
chemical plant. This new facility, to cost approximately $3 million and
scheduled to be placed in operation during 1972, should reduce the loads of
COD, TOC, and suspended solids now being discharged to Bayou d'Inde.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Present discharges of chromium; carbonaceous materials; nitro-
genous materials; suspended solids; complex organics; and oil and grease
constitute violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
(33 USC; 401-413).
2. Treatment facilities, now under construction, should reduce
quantities of carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials discharged to the
Lower Calcasieu River and nay also reduce quantities of complex organics
and suspended solids discharged. (No evidence exists, nor has any claim been
made, to the effect that the new treatment will eliminate discharges of
heavy metals and oil and grease*)
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60
11-35
RECOMMENDATIONS
It 1* recommended that:
1. The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward comple-
tion of new facilities for treatment of the liquid wastes generated by the
plant, and that it further conduct follow-up monitoring of actions taken
Co reduce discharges of chromium and oil and grease.
2. If the new treatment facilities now under construction are not
operational by June 20, 1973, consideration be given to initiating appro-
priate abatement actions against the Company for discharges of carbonaceous
and nitrogenous materials, suspended solids, and complex organica,
3. If the new treatment facilities are on-line by June 30, 1973,
the treatment provided be reevaluated, and abatement measures, as needed,
be initiated.
4, The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued this industry, limit
discharges of BOD; COD; TOC; heavy metals; suspended solids; complex
organics; and oil and grease to levels consistent with best available treat-
sent and water quality standards for the Lover Calcasieu River.
-------
6i
THE CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
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III-l
62
GENERAL INFORMATION
In conjunction with other chemical plants and petroleum refineries,
the Continental Oil Company is a substantial industrial contributor to the
economy in the Lover Calcasieu River area. The Company's facilities are
involved primarily in the production of organic chemicals, carbon black,
and oil refinery products.
Continental operates four facilities in the Lake Charles area:
(1) Continental Carbon Company; (2) Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles
Petrochemical; (3) Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles Refinery; and
(4) Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles VCM Plant [Figure 3-1].
Although these plants are in proximity to each other, all are under sep-
arate management.
InitialContact
Representatives of EPA's DFI-DC staff visited these industries during
the period March 24-31, 1971, to obtain information for an Industrial
waste inventory. Company officials contacted at that time were very
cooperative, provided the information requested, and conducted tours of
their respective plants. Subsequent to these meetings, Refinery and VCM
plant officials were contacted, on April 15, to discuss sampling of plant
effluents. Officials of the carbon Company and Lake Charles Petrochemical
were contacted on April 16, They were informed that the industrial waste
source sampling was in conjunction with a survey of the Calcasieu River
Basin being conducted by EPA.
Permission was granted to sample all the effluent discharges. Ho re-
strictions were placed on the sampling of process wastes prior to treatment!
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63
CONTINENTAL
CARBON
CONOCO
REFINERY
Not To Scale
Figure 3-1. [((luenl Sampling Locations far Conliaeatal Oil Co, VCM Plant, Petftclitnical Plant, I Carbon Plant
-------
III-2
64
Aliquot* (125 ml) were collected of each of the industrial discharges and
composited over a 24-hour period. These composite samples vere analyzed
for TOG; COD; total and suspended solids; and selected heavy metals. All
of the industrial waste effluents from Continental Oil Company discharge
to Bayou Verdine.
Responsible Company officials contacted, information on plant oper-
ations, etc., and the results of each sampling program are discussed in
the following report.
-------
65
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Q
o
sz
Facility Description Jj
z
The plant is owned by the Continental Oil Company (30 percent) and Jj?
the Witco Chemical Corporation (20 percent). The plant's rated capacity
per day is 250,000 to 300,000 Ibs of carbon black. The raw materials c
z
used in the process include coke and gas oil. This plant operates con-
tinuously and employs seventy-one persons.
Water Supply
Water is purchased from Continental Oil Company, which borders
e
o
Continental Carbon Company on two sides. Water is used for washdovn *
I
(quenching), drinking, and palletizing of the product. f
it
Existing Waste Treatment *
i-
A settling pond is employed to collect the small carbon fines. The
pond effluent is discharged to Bayou Verdine [Figure 3-1]* Banks of Bayou
Verdine downstream of Continental Carbon have a flat gray-to-black color, I
I
attributable to the discharge from the settling pond. According to the *
e
Continental Carbon Company Manager, Louis Herst, constant agitation of
carbon fines by the wind causes the material to be blown about the plant
site. Some of these fines find their way into the Bayou. The Manager
stated that during the period 1968 to 1971, the Company converted the air
pollution control system from wet scrubbers to bag houses. He indicated
Chat this change had reduced the water pollution problems caused by the
carbon fines.
Ch ronology of Contacts
Mr. Herst was contacted by Mr. Helton of the DF1-DC staff, on
-------
III-4
66
March 31, 1971, to obtain inventory Information. R. D, Harp and J. L. Hathevay,
also of DFI-DC, met with Mr. Herst on April 16, Co plan the industrial
sampling program.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Effluent sampling commenced at 9:00 a.m., April 20. Aliquots (125 ml)
vere composited every two hours for 24 hours. Samples were collected from
the Continental Carbon plant settling pond effluent (Con-7) which is
discharged to Bayou Verdine. [Analytical results and recorded field mea-
surements are listed in Table 3-1.1
Loads discharged during the 24-hour sampling period Included 50 Ibs
of COD; 10 Ibs, TOG; and 10 Iba of suspended solids.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission had, In its files, no infor-
mation on the Industrial discharge from the Continental Carbon Company.
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
No new treatment facilities are proposed for the next five years.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that:
1. The pollutant loads discharged by Continental Carbon are of no
serious consequence to the receiving waters.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. No abatement proceedings be Initiated at this time;
-------
TABLE 3-1
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS*
St«
COH-7
Sta
Flow pH
DRd ran RC
0.032 7.A-8.
Conductivity
pmhon/cm
ranee
0 500-825
Temp
*C TOC
composite range niR/l Ibs/day
570
Cadmium
OR/1
22-30 43 10
Chromium
i»R/l Iba/day
Sollda
COD total
nR/1 Iba/day nit/1 Iba/day
180 50 440 120
Mercury
UK/1
BUBp
DR/1 Iba/day
36 10
Ibs/dav
COH-7
<0.05
0.03
0.01
0.1
0.00003
•/ Analytical procedurea ar« outlined in Appendix F.
67
i
Ln
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68
2. The discharge permitt to be issued by the Corps of Engineers,
Halt discharges of BOD; COD; TOG; heavy metals; complex organica; suspended
solids; and oil and grease, to levels consistent with best available treat-
cent and the vater quality standards for the Lover Calcaaieu River.
-------
~ III-7
69
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Facility Description z
pr
Headquarters for this plant {P. 0. Bos 37, Westlake, Louisiana 70669)
Is the office of the Petrochemical Sales Division, Continental Oil Coapany,
r
80 Park Plaza East, Saddlebrook, New Jersey 07662. This plant operates £
continuously and employs 320 persons in Its production operation. Twelve
individuals (a superintendent; an engineer; a chemist; a foreman; four
equipment operators; and four maintenance men) are employed in the vater
pollution control program.
The annual, rated capacities of this petrochemical facility are 150 |
Billion Ibs of industrial alcohol; 550 Billion Ibs, ethylene; 98 million
Ibs, methyl chloride; 200 million Ibs, normal paraffins; and 50 million |
1?
Ibs of ethoxylates.
The raw materials used are: ethylene; aluminum; hydrogen; "raffinate";
I
sulfuric acid; ethylene oxide; acetic acid; caustic soda; phosphoric acid;
hydrochloric acid; kerosene; ethane; propane; and methaaol.
Water Supply
Water is obtained from five wells (700 ft deep), each rated at 1,500
gpm (2.16 tngd). It is used for process, boiler feed, and non-contact cool-
Ing.
Existing Waste Treatment
There are three wastewater discharges from this industry. These
originate in the alcohol plant, paraffin plant, ead the ethylene plant
[Figure 3.1].
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70
Effluents from Che alcohol and paraffin plants discharge to a drainage
ditch that subsequently enters Bayou Verdine. The ethylene plant effluent
(cooling water) discharges to a second drainage ditch that also collects
the VCM plant discharge before entering Bayou Verdine.
Present treatment of the waste discharges consists of the following:
1, Wastewacer passes through an API separator, at the paraffin plant;
2. Caustic wastes are treated in a neutralization basin and oily
wastes pass through an API separator — both waste streams passing
through a settling basin prior to discharge, at the alcohol plant;
{The Company representative stated that total chromate removal
is obtained in the system.)
3, Cooling water receives no treatment prior to discharge, at the
ethylene plant.
Chronology of Contacts
On March 29, J. L. Hatheway of the Division of Field Investigations-
Denver Center, EPA, met with Gary D. Johnson, environmental engineer at
the Lake Charles Petrochemical plant, to obtain inventory information.
R. D. Harp and Kr. Hatheway, DFI-DC, contacted Mr. Johnson on April 16,
to plan the first industrial sampling program. J. V. Rouse, DFI-DC, con-
tacted J. D. Kinott, a senior process engineer at Continental's Lake Charles
VCM plant -- in the absence of Mr. Johnson, at the beginning (November 1)
of the second industrial sampling program. Mr. Minott was cooperative,
consented to the resampling of the Petrochemical Plant effluent, and re-
quested samples, duplicate to those collected by EPA, for the Company.
-------
FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Aliquots (125 ml) were collected at two-hour intervals, beginning at
6:45 a.m., April 20, and continued for 24 hours. Grab samples for oil and
grease analysis vere collected at Station CON-2 at 2:30 p.m., April 17,
and at 6:45 a.m., April 20. One grab sample for oil and grease analysis
was collected at CON-8, at 9:30 a.a., April 29. A grab sample for specific
organic analyses vas taken at station CON-8 at 9:30 a.m. on April 29. [See
Table 3-3. In Table 3-2 is a description of the sampling stations for the
petrochemical plant. In Table 3-4 is a summary of analytical results and
field measurements.]
Four alcohols [Table 3-3] comprise the major extractable organics in
this effluent. However, numerous other materials vere observed in lover
concentration, but were not identified. Although these alcohols probably
have little toxic effect on the receiving environment, they do exert a
considerable oxygen demand, and in the concentrations observed, may repre-
sent an economic loss to the Company.
At the request of Mr. Johnson, an additional 24-hour composite sample
*/
of the ethylene plant effluent was collected at CQ11-2A.-' A TOC value
of 620 mg/1 was measured at Station CON-2, but at CON-2A the TOC value
vas only 8 og/1. The Company official contended that both tidal action
and the discharge from the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plant interfered
with the sample obtained at CON-2. This contention was not borne out
by toe pH, TOC, and total solids values observed at CON-2. No waste
*/ This station is located inthin the Company property at the point of
discharge to the drainage ditch. Access to the ethylene plant was
initially denied to the investigators because of the latent dangers
associated with not being familiar with the processing and production
of petrochemicals.
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III-9
72
TABLE 3-2
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number , . _ ..r..tjii _JDescrigtion and Remarks r
QOK-2 The cooling water effluent from the ethylene plant; samples col-
lected from & ditch to Bayou Verdine at a point 500 ft outside
the south property fence* (This is 100 ft upstream of Station
No. CON-1.)
CON-2A The cooling vater effluent fron the ethylene plant; samples col-
lected at the point of discharge from a 42-in reinforced concrete
pipe to a drainage ditch to Bayou Verdine. Sampled April 23-24,
1971.
COK-8 Samples collected from a drainage ditch crossing the plant pro-
perty at the weir. The flow is primarily made up of wastewater
from the API separator at the paraffin plant. Wastewater from
the alcohol plant, and discharges from the oily water sewers of
the ethylene plant.
TABLE 3-3
RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Concentrations Load
CompoundsIndfeOtified (mg/1) Ibs/day
n-Butanol 16 90
n-Decanol 2.5 15
n-lexanol 65 375
n-Octanol 19 110
-------
TABLE 3-4
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS4/
Sta
CON-2
OON-2A
CON-8
Sta
CON-2
CON-2A
CON-8
Flow pH
mjsd ranRC
1.33 5.6-7.2
1.30 7.1-7.9
0.72 4.1-6.7
Cadmium
mR/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Conductivity
umhos/cm
range composite
560-1,150 750
900-1,600 1.140
2.500-5.000 4,000
Chromium
mR/1 Ibs/day
<0.01
<0.1
0.30 2
Temp
*C TOC
ranne mR/1 Ibs/day
30-34 620 6,890
24-36 8 90
30-36 130 780
Mercury
MR/1 Iba/day
<0.1
0.2 0.0022
0.2 0.0018
Solids
total susp
ran/1 Ibs/day mR/1 Ibs/day
570 6,330 32 355
827 8.980 36 390
2.650 15.900 34 200
Copper Lead
mR/l mR/1
<0.02 <0.1
, <0.02 <0.1
<0.02 0.2s/
Oil & Crease
mR/1 Ibs/day
2-5^/ 22-56
7 40
Ibs/day
1.2
a_/ Analytical procedure* are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ Two separate grab samples.
c/ No Interference from calcium detected.
73
I
I-1
o
-------
III-ll
74
streams enter the drainage ditch between CON-2 and CON-2A.
Calculations, based upon analytical data obtained from CON-2 and
CGN-8, indicate net discharge loads during the 24-hour sampling period,
of 7,670 Ibs of IOC; 560 Ibs, suspended solids; and 60 to 95 Ibs of oil
and grease*
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
In order to resolve the disparities noted earlier between results for
CON-2 and CQN-2A a second survey vas conducted on November 1, 2, and 3,
1971.
Effluent sampling commenced at 6:30 a.a., November 1, Aliquots (125 ul)
were composited every tvo hours for 24 hours and continued for 48 hours,
yielding tvo separate-dally-conposited samples. Each of the daily composite
samples vas thoroughly nixed in its container and divided, with a. portion
given to the Company and the remainder forwarded to EPA laboratories for
analysis. [Analytical results and field measurements of the second sampling
program are listed In Table 3-5.] Results of the second sampling program
indicate little difference between the waste loads measured at CON-2
and CON-2A.
Waste loads discharged from the Lake Charles Petrochemical Plant were
calculated by sunning the discharge loads from either CON-2 or CON-2A
with those from CON-8. These calculations indicated dally discharge
levels of 780 Ibs of TOO, 310 to 590 Ibs of suspended solids, and 40-95 Ibs
of oil and grease.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAK CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970}
-------
TABLE 3-3
SUMMART 07 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Sta
CON-25^
CON-2^
CON-2A2'
CON-2A5/
Flow
BRd
1.33
1.33
1.30
1.30
ratine
7.7-8.1
7.6-8.8
7.3-7.9
7.5-8.8
Conductivity
li mhos/cm
850-1,750
850-2,100
850-900
800-1,700
Temp
•c
range
31-35
30-36
33-37
33-37
Solids
TOC
DK/1
<5
<5
<5
<5
COD
me/1
16
. 20
22
20
Ibs/day
180
220
240
220
total
mn/1
640
700
620
690
Iba/day
7,100
7,800
6,700
7,500
ausp
mR/1 Iba/day
10
15
20
20
110
170
220
220
a/ AnaJ.ytlcal procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Composite sample collected November 1 and 2.
cj Composite sample collected NoTember 2 and 3.
75
-------
111-13
76
the discharge levels of certain materials baaed on data submitted by
Continental Oil Company's Lake Charles Petrochemical Plant. A summary of
the information from the Commission files is as follows:
Date of Application: August 28, 1970
Quantity of Discharge: 1.7 cfs
Temperature: 80*F
Turbidity: 100 BTU's
True Color: 15
Organic Material: 15,150 Ibs/day equivalent to 1,652 ppm COD
Inorganic Material: Equivalent to 23,900 Ibs/day equivalent
to 26,007 ppm total dissolved solids
Toxic Materials:
Phenols 4.8 Ibs/day, equivalent to 0.5 ppm
Sulfide 7.5 Ibs/day, equivalent to 0.8 ppm
Chromate 2.9 Iba/day, equivalent to 0.3 ppm
PROPOSED WASTE TBEATMENT
In order to provide additional treatment to the wastes from the petro-
chemical plant a new aerated lagoon is under construction. The new system
is expected to provide satisfactory removal of the TOC, COD, and suspended
solids. The new treatment facility may bring about further reduction of
oil and grease.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. From the results of two surveys there appears to be no significant
difference between the vaste loads measured at Station CON-2 or CON-2A.
(The data collected at Station CON-2 during the first survey may have
reflected an inplant "spill", but is generally not representative of the
vaste loads discharged.)
2. Of the measured vaste loads that are discharged by petrochemical
plant operations, the major portion originates at the paraffin and alcohol
-------
plants (CON-8) , for which treatment measures are proposed.
3. Discharges of carbonaceous materials, suspended solids, and
grease and oil from the entire petrochemical plant operations constitute
violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 DSC: 401-413).
4. The new facilities for the treatment of these wastes now under
construction can be expected to reduce present pollutant loads to accept-
able levels.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward conrpletion
of the facilities now under construction.
2. If the facilities now under construction are not operative by
March 1, 1972, consideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement
proceedings against the Company for discharging carbonaceous materials,
suspended solids* and oil and grease to Bayou Verdine, a tributary to a
navigable stream.
3, If the facilities are in operation by March 1, 1972, the nature
of the discharge from the plant be reevaluated.
4, The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued to Continental Oil
Company Lake Charles Petrochemical Plant, limit discharges of BOD; COD;
TOC; complex organlcs; heavy metals; suspended solids; and oil and grease
to levels consistent with best available treatment and applicable water
quality standards.
-------
111-15
78
BACKGROUND INFORMATION o
z
Facility, Description
The refinery (P. 0. Box 37, Westlake, Louisiana 70669) is a subdivision
of the Continental Oil Company, Eefinery Headquarters, Houston, Texas* It
operates continuously and employs 475 persons. Eight employees (six. full- g
time and two part-time) are Involved in pollution control efforts.
Finished products from this plant are propane; butane; LPG; gasoline;
kerosene; diesel fuel; heating oil; No. 6 fuel oil; and coke.
The rated plant capacity is 71,000 barrels per day* The production
rate is to be Increased to 81,000 barrels per day by January 1972. ^
The primary raw material Is crude oil. Other materials added in the £
2
various processes include isobutane and polyvinylchloride. Also, the opera-
~K
tion uses various metals that are of concern from the standpoint of water
pollution. These Include chromates, zinc, copper, and tetraethyl and
tetramethyl lead.
Mater Supply
The plant obtains water from six veils, each of which is rated at a
capacity of 2,000 gpm (2.88 mgd). These veils pump from the 200, 500, and
700-ft stratat Two reserve wells are not used routinely.
Existing Waste Treatment
Original wastewater treatment and disposal facilities Included an API
trap, a settling pond, and separate wastewater collection system. The
Company began a water pollution abatement program in 1967, A corrugated
plate Interceptor (CPI) has been Installed that is reputed to give higher
-------
111-16
79
oil recoveries than the API separators. An activated sludge unit and an
aerated lagoon follow the CPI.
Discharges to Bayou Verdlne which result from the refinery are:
(1) Effluent from the aerated lagoon;
(2) The effluent from a "firewater pond" that receives cooling water
blowdown;
(3) Effluent from the coker area;
(4) The cooling water discharge;
(5) At least two intermittent discharges of small amounts of
unidentified liquid wastes.
At the time of the survey, the activated sludge unit was operating.
However, difficulties in maintaining an activated sludge were evident. The
activated sludge unit is designed with a retention time of 24 hours, but
owing to leaks in the aeration basin, it had been necessary to shut down the
unit and drain the basin several times In order to repair the leaks. Con-
sequently, the system had not stabilized and was not, according to Company
officials, providing effective treatment.
At the present tine the activated sludge-aerated lagoon system does
not treat the effluents either from the "firewater pond", the coker area, or
the cooling water. The receiving water at the point where discharges enter
the Bayou appeared gray-black la color. According to Company officials,
this color is caused by carbon fines from the Continental Carbon Company
[Figure 3-1]• The banks of the channel were caked with what appeared to be
carbon fines [see p. 3-4]. The DF1-DC investigating team observed black
fines from the coker blowing about the area and into Bayou Verdine.
-------
111-17
80
Chronqlgjgr of Contacts
On March 24, 1971, Company representatives Steve Carson and Bill Cayan
were contacted by J. L, Hathevay and M. R, Helton, Division of Field Investi-
tations-Denver Center, EPA, for inventory Information. R. D. Harp and
Mr. Hatheway, DPI-DC, met with these officials, on April IS, to plan the
industrial sampling program.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Sampling of the refinery discharges commenced at 7:30 a.m., April 20.
(In Figure 3-2 sampling locations are shown; their description is found in
Table 3-6*] Grab samples for oil and grease analysis were collected at
CON-6A and CON-7A, on April 17 at 11:25 a.m. and 1:50 p.m., respectively,
and at all other locations starting at 7:50 a.m., April 20, A grab sample
for organic analysis vas also collected at Station CON-3 at 8:15 a.m.,
April 20. [See fable 3-7.]
Samples at CON-6A and CON-7A contained high concentrations of oil and
grease. On April 20, it vas observed that at CON-6A there vas no flow and
at CON-7A the flov contained no visible oil and grease. [Analytical results
and field measurements are summarized in fable 3-8.]
All the organic compounds identified [fable 3-7J In the refinery effluent
are normal aliphatic hydrocarbons that represent a portion of the oil and
grease discharged by the refinery.
During the 24-hour sampling periodf the refinery discharged 48 Ibs of
chromium; 2,400 Ibs, TOC; 490 Ibs, ammonia as nitrogen; 8,600 Ibs, suspended
solids; and 1,400 Ibs of oil and grease to Bayou Verdine.
-------
81
CONTINENTAL
CARBON
Not To Scale
Figure 3-2. Effluent Sampling Locations lor Continental Oil Co. Conoco Refiner)
-------
111-18
fAiLE 3-6
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Higher _ Description and Remarks
CON-3 Effluent from Che refinery's aerated lagoon that receives the
majority of process wastes of the refinery. Effluent is dis-
charged directly into Bayou Verdine.
CQN-4 Effluent, from the "fire-pood", discharged directly Into Bayou
Verdine.
COH-5 Effluent is from the triangular pond that receives the cooling
water from the calcined coke shaker plus miscellaneous streams
from the coking area. Effluent is discharged directly into
Bayou Verdine.
CON-6 Cooling water effluent from the refinery to Bayou Verdine.
CON-6A Discharge from the coker area sampled for oil and grease on April
17, 1971, No flow on April 20-21. Discharge goes to Bayou Verdine.
CQN-7A Sample collected, April 17, 1971, for oil and grease analysis,
from a drainage ditch that commences at the refinery, flows across
Continental Carbon property and discharges into Bayou Verdine•
No samples was collected on April 20, 1971.
IABLE 3-7
RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Concentrations Load
Compounds Identified (ng^l)_Ibs/day
Dodecane 0.22 2.2
Elcosane 0.30 2.9
Heneicosane 0.19 1.8
Heptadecane 0.34 3.3
Hexadecane 0.43 4.0
Nonadecane 0.31 3.0
Octadecane 0.33 3.2
Pentadecane 0.49 4.8
Tetradecaae 0.58 5.6
Tridecane 0.39 3.8
Uadecane 0.05 0.4
-------
TA1ILE 3-8
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5/
Sta
CON-3
CON-4
CON-5
OON-6
COH-6A
CON-7A
Sta
OON-3
CON-4
CON-5
CON-6
Flow pH
DR<| ranRe
1.12 7.4-8
5.43 6.9-8
1.74 6.8-8
0.984 3.3-8
Cadmium
OR/1
<0.05
-------
111-20
f" 84
1C should be noted that the new activated sludge facility had not been
in operation for a sufficient period of time to achieve effective treatment.
When fully operational, the system in combination with the aerated lagoon
nay reduce the TOG and suspended solids to satisfactory levels. It is doubt-
ful that the oil and grease will be reduced to m satisfactory level.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)
the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by
Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles Refinery. A summary of the informa-
tion from the Comission files is as follows:
Date of Application: August 19, 1970
Quantity of Discharge: 18 cfs
Temperature: 110*F Maximum
Turbidity: 160 ppm
True Color: Clear to slightly yellow or slightly gray
Organic Material: 1850 Ibs/day, equivalent to 19 ppa
Inorganic Material: 53,400 Ibs/day, equivalent to 350 ppm
suspended solids or dissolved solids
Toxic Material:
Phenols 4 ppm maximum - 390 Ibs/day maximum
Hydrogen Sulfide (H.S) 6 ppm maximum equivalent to 585 Ibs/day
maximum
PROPOSED WASTE TIEATMENT
New waste treatment facilities have been constructed and placed In
operation. All discharge points still oust be connected to these facilities.
No plans presently exist for treatment of oil and grease or heavy metals.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Present discharges of chromium; carbonaceous materials; nitrogenous
-------
r 85 111-21
materials; suspended solid*; complex organic*; and oil and grease constitute
violation* of Section 407, liven and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).
2. With new treatment facilities having recently been placed in
operation, they may reduce the discharges of carbonaceous and nitrogenous
materials, suspended solids, and complex organics. (There is no evidence at
hand and no claim by the Company that the treatment will reduce either
present discharges of heavy metals or of oil and grease.)
*
3* Effluents, from the "firewater pond" and the coker as well as the
cooling water discharge, that carry substantial loads of suspended solids,
heavy metals, and oil and grease continue to be discharged to Bayou Verdine
without adequate treatment. (At least two small intermittent discharges of
unidentified liquid wastes also flow directly to Bayou Verdine.)
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1, Consideration be given to initiating appropriate proceedings
against the Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles Refinery (Westlake,
Louisiana) for the daily discharge of 48 pounds of chromium; 2,400 pounds
of carbonaceous materials; 490 pounds of nitrogenous materials; 8,600
pounds of suspended solids; 1,400 pounds of oil and grease; and A variety
of aromatic hydrocarbons to Bayou Verdine, a tributary to a navigable
stream.
2. The Corps of Engineers permits, to be issued, limit concentre*
tiooa of BOD; COD; IOC; complex organics; heavy metals; suspended solids;
and oil and grease to levels consistent with best available treatment and
applicable water quality standards.
-------
« 111-22
*" 86
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ' e
a
Pacilicy Description £
' -*- 2
P
The VCM Plant (P. 0. Box 605, Weatlake, Louisiana 70669) operates ?•
r
under the direction of the Petrochemical Sales Division, Continental Oil c
r
Company, 80 Park Plaza East, Saddlebrook, New Jersey 07662. This facility r
I
operates continuously and employs 80 production workers. The plant assigns g.
w
four persons (a senior engineer; a lab technician; an equipment operator; t
r
and an unskilled laborer) to service on the wat-^r pollution control program. ?
The primary product is vlnylchlorlde monomer (Stauffer Process). §
By-products of this process are 1, 2-dichlorethane and ethylene dichloride* P
The plant is rated at 600 million pounds of vinylchloride and 960 million r
pounds of ethylene dichloride per year. r
The principal raw materials used are ethylene and chlorine - the latter
purchased locally. Process additives include chromates, phosphates, com-
mercial dispersants, sulphuric acid, and zinc.
Water Supply
Water is obtained from veils that supply about 600 gpm, of which about
100 gpm is used as process water and 400 gpm for non-contact cooling.
Eads tlnjL_Wa_s te Treatment
The treatment provided consists of steam distillation, clam shell
neutralization and settling pits for light and heavy oil separation. The
effluent is discharged by a single outfall to a drainage ditch {Figure 3-1]
that subsequently enters Bayou Verdiae.
-------
111-23
t ' 87
Chronology of Contacts
On March 29, J. L, Hatheway, of EPA's DFI-DC staff, net with
R. U. Gerlock, chief process engineer, J. D, Mlnotc, a. senior process
engineer, and Plant Manager L. N. Vernon, for the purpose of obtaining
inventory Information. R. D. Harp, also of DFI-DC, and Mr. Hathevay
oet with these officials, on April IS, to plan the industrial vaste sampling
program. J. V. Rouse, DFI-DC, contacted Mr. Minott at the beginning
(November 1) of the second Industrial sampling program. He vas cooperative,
consented to the resampling of the VCM plant effluent, and requested, on
behalf of the Company, samples duplicate to those collected by EPA.
FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Aliquots (125 ml) of the effluent were taken at 2-hour intervals, for
24 hours, beginning at 6:05 a.m., April 20. The effluent from the VCM
Plant (CQN-1) was sampled at the single oufall leaving the velr box
(Figure 3-1} and flowing Into the drainage ditch coming from the ethylene
plant and subsequently entering Bayou Verdine. A grab sample was taken
at the time composite sampling vas Initiated, and analyzed for oil and
grease. [Analyses of the samples are shown in Table 3-9.]
During the 24-hour sampling period, this Industry discharged 12 Ibs
of chromium; 55 Ibs, TOC; 320 Ibs, suspended solids; and 9 Ibs of oil and
grease.
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
As noted in a previous section - one that describes waste discharges
from the Lake Charles Petrochemical plant, a second survey was initiated
-------
TABLE 3-9
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM
FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM9-'
Sta
CON-1
Sta
Flov
0.547
Oil
n>K/l
P"
range
3.5
& Grease
Ibs/day
Conductivity
limhos/cm
range composite
11,000- 13,000
17,000
Cadmium Chromium
Temp
•c
range nR/1
28-30 12
Mercury
DiK/1 DA/1 Ibs/day ug/1
Solids
TOC total susp
Ibs/day mR/1 Ibs/day rnn/1
55 8,930 40,800 71
Lead—' Copper
DA/1 Iba/day mg/l Ibs/day
Ibs/day
320
CON-1
<0.05
2.6
12
0.2
0.9
0.09
0.4
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ No Interference fron calclua detected.
M
-------
111-25
89
November 1, 2, and 3, 1971, In order to resolve differences in waste loads
that were measured between stations which should have given comparable
values. Of the possible reasons given for these differences in waste
loads, one was the contention by Company officials, that the discharge
from the VCM plant interfered with samples collected at CON-2. Hence,
during the second survey the effluent Iron the VCM plant (CON-1) was also
resanpled.
Effluent sampling commenced at 6:30 a.m., November 1. Aliquots
(125 ml) ere composited every two hours for 24 hours, and continued for
48 hours, yielding two separate-daily-composited samples. Each of the
daily composite samples was mixed and then divided, with a portion given
to the Company and the remainder forwarded to EPA laboratories for analysis•
[Analytical results and field measurements of the second sampling program
are listed in fable 3-10.1
Waste loads discharged from the VCM plant indicated daily levels of
at least 1,350 Ibs of TOG; 5,200 IDS, COD; 140 Ibs, suspended solids; and
17 Ibs of oil and grease. The discharge level of carbonaceous material is
appreciably higher than levels measured during the first survey [Table 3-9].
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission had no information on the
industrial discharge from the VCM plant•
PRO?OSED WASTE TREATMENT
An extended aeration treatment facility is under construction and is
scheduled to be completed in November 1971. This new system will have 12
-------
TABLE 3-10
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM
SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Sea
CON-1^
CON-1^
Floy
BRcl
0.19
0.23
pH
range
1.4-4.0
2.2-3.2
Conductivity
wmhoa/cm
26,500-55.000
22,000-26,000
Temp
•c
ranee
31-34
30-35
Solids
TOC
OK/1
850
740
Ibs/day
1,350
1,550
COD
me/1 Ibs/day
3,300 5,200
2,800 5.800
total
me/1 Ibs/day
21,700 34,400
17,500 36,400
susp Oil & Creaae
BR/1
90
80
Iba/dav me/1
140 11
170
Ibs/day
17
•/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Composite sample collected November 1 and 2.
£/ Composite saaple collected November 2 and 3.
I
ro
-------
31
days' retention at the present vastevater production rate. At the tine of
the second sampling program during the first part of November, construction
of this facility had not been completed. Sludge handling facilities are
scheduled to be constructed in 1972.
A caustic recovery system, also under construction, was scheduled to
be in operation in August 1971. Chrornate recovery is being considered and
will be constructed in 1973 if required by the State.
Currently, sums of from $100,000 to $250,000 are programmed for an
activated carbon filter for tertiary treatment as part of this water pol-
lution control program.
The proposed new vastevater treatment facilities should provide
adequate reduction of the pollutant loads now being discharged except
for chromate.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Present discharge levels of carbonaceous materials and chromium,
by the Continental Oil Company's Lake Charles VCM plant, constitute a vio-
lation of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).
2. With additional treatment facilities under construction, they
should bring about further reduction of all pollutant loads except chromium.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. The Coopany be informed of the discharge of heavy netals (chromium)
to Bayou Verdine, a tributary of a navigable stream, and that appropriate
-------
92 111-28
measures be taken to eliminate this discharge.
2. The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward comple-
tion of the facilities now under construction.
3. If the facilities now under construction are not operative by
December 31, 1971, appropriate abatement actions be initiated against
the Company,
4, If the facilities are in operation by December 31, 1971, the
nature of the discharge from the plant be reevaluated.
-------
93
CROSBY CHEMICALS, INCORPORATED, PLANT
m RIDDER, LOUISIANA
-------
94
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated, located between timber production
areas and a seaport, contributes significantly to the economy of the
Upper Calcaaieu River basin area.
The firm's Louisiana Division is located in Be Ridder, Louisiana.
This industry produces fatty acid and rosin front crude tall oil. The
rosin is further processed to yield "paper sizing," polymerized rosin,
metal resinates, and asper gums. Crosby Chemicals [Figure 4-1] operates
continuously and employs 60 persons in the production facility.
Mater Supply
Water is obtained from six veils. Five of these wells are 120 feet
deep and are rated at 500 gpa (0.72 mgd); the sixth well is 1,500 feet
deep and is rated at 1,000 gpa (1.44 mgd).
Existing Waste Treatment
The one vastewater discharge from the plant flows through an open
channel to Palmetto Creek, a tributary to the Calcasieu River [Figure 4-1],
Process wastevater and excess cooling water, totaling 9.6 mgd, are treated
in five earthen ponds that are arranged in series. One thousand gpm
(1.44 mgd) of "aerated" well water is added to the effluent from the last
pond to further reduce the BOD and suspended solids levels prior to being
discharged into Palmetto Creek. Cooling water is recirculated to a spray
pond.
Chronology of Contacts
On March 31, 1971, J. L. Hatheway, of the Division of Field
-------
95
N
PLANT & OFFICE
BC-1
Not To Scale
Fipti 4-1 Effluent I Rtceiiini ialer Sampling lotalious lat tnsb> Clijmicils,
-------
IV-2
96
Investigations-Denver Center, met with G. K. Bienvenu, plant manager for
Crosby Chemicals. The meeting had been arranged by E. D, Anthony, Jr.,
enforcement programs specialist, Region VI Office. Mr. Bienvenu answered
moat of the questions that were posed by the EPA investigator.
An appointment vas made to talk to Mr. Bienvenu on April 14 in order
to discuss sampling of the discharge from Crosby Chemicals. However, when
the EPA representatives arrived, Mr. Bienvenu was unavailable. An appoint-
ment was made to see Mr. Robert Crosby, Company president, at 8:00 a.m.,
April 15, but when the EPA representatives arrived, they learned that
Mr. Crosby was not present, and could not be seen until late afternoon.
He was available the next day, was apprised of the waste source evaluations
and water quality investigations being conducted in the Basin, and consented
to the sampling of the effluent from Crosby Chemicals.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Wastcwater effluent samples were collected downstream from the point
of discharge from the last pond (CRO-1). Water samples were collected
from Palmetto and Bundick Creeks (stations PC-1, BC-1, BC-2). Sediment
samples were collected in Palmetto Creek also. [In Table 4-1 is a
description of the stations where the effluent, Palmetto Creek, and Bundick
Creek were sampled.]
Effluent samples (125 ml allquots) were composited every hour over a
24-hour period, commencing at 8:25 a.m., April 27. On April 19, one effluent
grab sample was collected for oil and grease dialysis. Grab samples were
collected from the stream stations. [Analytical results are shown in
Table 4-2.]
-------
IV-3
97
TABLE 4-1
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number Description and Remarks
CRO-1 Samples collected at a point where the effluent from the last
treatment pond enters the ditch to Palmetto Creek, approximately
1/8 mile downstream from the point where 1,000 gpn of dilution
water is added.
BC-1 Bundick Creek near Dry Creek (USGS 150).
BC-2 Bundick Creek at Highway 26 bridge near DC Ridder, Louisiana.
PC-1 Palmetto Creek at Highway 171-190 bridge near De Ridder, Louisiana,
-------
TABLE 4-2
' SUMHART OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS^
Conductivity
Flow pll umhoa/cm
Sta DRd ranRC Composite
CRO-1 6.26 6.4-7.3 180
BC-i 6.7-7.3 78
BC-2 6.8-7.2 148
PC-1 6.6-7.4 134
Oil & Creaae Cadmium
Sts ng/1 Ib/day mR/1
CRO-1 42 2.200 <0.05
BC-1 <0.05
BC-2
PC-1 <0.05
Temp . Solids
*C TOC COD^ total SUSP
ranee mR/1 Ib/day mx/1 Ib/day mR/1 Ib/day mR/1
23-25 38 1.990 160 8.360 184 9.600
22-22 11 74 12
21-22 11 108 16
23-24 22 136 142
Chromium Mercury Lead^
UK/1 UR/1 - mR/1
<0.02 <0.1
<0.1 <0.1
<0.1
<0.1 <0.1
at Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix 7.
b/ COD analyses vere performed when TOC values exceeded 20 «g/l.
cj No Interference from calcium detected.
98
-------
» 99
Examination of the data indicates that, during the period of sampling,
Crosby Chemicals discharged daily loads of 8,360 Ibs of COD; 1,990 Ibs,
TOC; and 2,200 Ibs of oil and grease to Palmetto Creek, a tributary to
a navigable stream.
The materials discharged from this industry discolor Palmetto Creek
for several miles downstream from the discharge point. According to the
Company plant manager, this discoloration is attributable to fatty acid
particles.
A sample of bottom muda vas collected in Palmetto Creek downstream
from the Crosby Chemicals plant discharge. The sample consisted primarily
of sandy material vith very little volatiles (1.9 percent) and a very low
OSI value, 0.06. Both of these figures indicate, insignificant build-up
of organic materials in the receiving stream [Table E-l, Appendix E].
Mercury, at a low concentration of 0.4 vg/g, was also found in this sediment
sample.
DATA EEP01TED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December IS, 1970)
the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by
Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated. A summary of the information from the
Commission files is as follows:
Date of Application: March 9, 1971
Quantity of Discharge: 90,000 gal/hour
Temperatures 23*C
Turbidity: Slightly milky, colorless
True Color: None
Organic Material: 1953 Ibs/day equivalent to 108.6 ppm
Inorganic Material: 1965 Ibs/day equivalent to 109.2 ppm
-------
100
IV-6
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
According to company officials, no additional treatment facilities are
planned for construction during the next five years.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. The present discharges, by Crosby Chemical Company, of carbonaceous
materials and of oil and grease to Palmetto Creek, a tributary to a navi-
gable stream, constitute a violation of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors
Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).
2. According to Company officials, no plans exist for implementing
adequate treatment.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is reeotaaended that:
1. The Crosby Chemical Company be advised that the Company has until
March 1, 1972 to develop plans for providing statisfactory treatment for
its present discharges of carbonaceous materials and oil and grease, and
has until December 31, 1972, to place necessary treatment facilities in
operation.
2. If the new treatment facilities are not in operation by December 31,
1972, appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated against the Company.
3. If new treatment facilities are in operation by December 31, 1972,
effluent quality be examined; if the quality be found to be inadequate,
appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated against the Company.
4. The Corps of Engineers permits, for this industry specify limita-
tions on BOD, COD, TOG, oil and grease, and suspended solids.
-------
10:
FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY PLANT
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
-------
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
In conjunction with other chemical plants and petroleum refineries,
the Firestone plant provides ouch of the support of the economy in the Lower
Calcasieu River area. The Firestone operation is involved primarily in the
production of synthetic rubber.
Facility Description
Synthetic rubber is manufactured at this plant which operates con-
tinuously and employs about 900 production persons. The facility furnishes
80 percent of the raw synthetic rubber for Firestone's operation [head-
quartered at Akron, Ohio] in the United States. Froduction at the Lake
Charles plant is rated at 315,000 tons per year of synthetic rubber. It
is baled and shipped by rail or truck to the other Firestone facilities.
The original facilities were constructed during the years 1942-43,
with the original production process of synthetic rubber being by the
emulsion method. In 1948, cold rubber processing was introduced here*
A solution-type process using an organic solvent was implemented in 1969.
The raw synthetic rubber material is approximately 75 percent butadiene
and 25 percent styrene; minor amounts of sulfuric acid, sodium chloride,
and carbon black are added during the process.
According to the Company plant engineer (at Lake Charles) mercury is
used here for seals in the domestic waste treatment system. He estimated
losses from the seals at between 26 and 30 Ibs per year of mercury.
Eight employees spend either full time or significant portions of their
time in water pollution control activities at this plant.
-------
V-2
103
Water Supply
Water, obtained from a series of wells — each being approximately
500 feet deep, is softened and deminerallzed before use In the plant.
Chromate corrosion inhibitors and sulfuric acid are added to the makeup
water for the cooling towers.
Existing Waste Treatment
Present treatment of the process waste-water, in order to reeove the
rubber crumb lost in the production process, consists of gravity separation
followed by filtration through an excelsior fiber pad. From the data [listed
in fable 5-1] provided by the Company Plant Engineer, the quantity and
quality of wastewater discharge can be ascertained. The heated wastewater
is discharged from one outfall into an open channel and thence to Bayou
d'Inde [Figure 5-11.
Chronology of Contacts
On March 24, 1971, W. C. Blackman, J. L. Hatheway, and M. R. Helton
of the Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center, EPA, visited the
Firestone Rubber Coopany Lake Charles plant to initiate an industrial
waste inventory. G. R. McBride, plant engineer, provided the information
requested and conducted a tour of the facility. The meeting had been
arranged by T. P. Harrison II, enforcement officer, Region VI, EPA, prior
to the day of the visit.
Throughout the interview, Mr. McBride and his assistants cooperated
fully with the DFI-DC investigators. Pernlssion to take photographs was not
granted; however, a member of his staff accompanied the investigators and
provided Polaroid pictures of production and treatment facilities as
-------
V-3
104
TABLE 5-1
QUALITY 0? WASTEWATER PRESENTLY DISCHARGED AND
EXPECTED FUTURE WASTEHATER DISCHARGE*'
Present Effluent
Parameter Quality
Flow (mgd)
BOD (mg/1)
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1)
Suspended solids (ing /I)
Oil and grease (extraction) (mg/1)
Chromium (total) (mg/1)
Phenols (mg/1)
Chlorides (mg/1)
Sulfates (mg/1)
2.9
71
• -
144
30
0.11
0.30
701
514
Estimated Quality ,,
of Future Effluent—
3.4
7
5
<10
Zero
Zero
Zero
<701
514
&/ Data provided by the Firestone Rubber Company, Lake Charles, Louisiana.
b/ Following construction of new primary and secondary treatment facility
(95 percent removal, suspended solids, and 90 percent removal, BOD).
-------
105
-TS
Not To Scale
Figure 51. Effluent t Receiving Water Saapling locations for Firestone Soils! Company
-------
106
requested, Mr. McBride provided a layout drawing of-the facility as veil
as analyses of process vastevater and makeup cooling cover vater.
On April 15, 1971, 1. D. Harp and Mr. Hatheway (of the DFI-BC staff)
met with Mr. McBride and other Company officials to inform them that waste
source evaluations and vater quality Investigations were to be conducted
by EPA in the Calcasleu River Basin. He consented to the sampling of
Firestone Company effluent.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
The effluent (Station FIR-1) vas sampled from the railroad bridge
crossing a drainage ditch that discharges to Bayou d'Inde [Figure 5-1}.
Shrimp survival and palatability studies were conducted in Bayou d'Inde at
a point downstream of the Company discharge. Sediment samples vere col-
lected from Bayou d'Inde upstream and downstream of the discharges. [In
Table 5-2 is a description of the stations where the effluent and Bayou
d'Inde vere sampled.]
Samples (125 ml aliquots) were composited every two hours for Ik hours
commencing at 7:00 a.m., April 21. One effluent grab sample, collected at
10:32 a.m. April 17, vas analyzed for oil and grease. Additional grab
samples vere collected on April 21 for organic analyses. [Analytical re-
sults of the effluent sampling are shown in fable 5-4.]
The compounds listed [Table 5-3] comprise the major extractable organic
materials in the Firestone discharge. Other compounds, present in lesser
amounts, vere not Identified. At present, the effect of these, in the
relatively lov concentrations observed, on the receiving water Is unknown.
-------
V-5
* 107
TABLE 5-2
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
FOR FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY
Station
Number | _ Description ami Remarks
FIR-1 Samples collected at the railroad bridge, outside the Firestone
property, from the drainage ditch that empties into Bayou d'Inde.
CR-1 Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (above intracoastal
waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control station).
CR-6.1 Bayou d'Inde downstream from Firestone, Cit-Con, and Cities Service
petrochemical plant.
CR-6.2 Bayou d'Inde upstream from Firestone, Cit-Con, and Cities Service
petrochemical plant.
CR-11.2 Lover Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island, Just
vest of Lake Charles (Control station).
TABLE 5-3
ORGANIC SAMPLING RESULTS
Concentration Load
CompoundsIdentified (ag/1) (Ib/day)
Styrene 0.0026 1.3
Furfural 0.0017 0.9
4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer 0.0030 1.5
4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer 0*0011 0.6
4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer 0.0060 3.1
4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer 0.0033 1.7
1-Methylnaphthalene 0.0017 0.9
-------
TABLE 5-4
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
FOR FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY^/
Sta
FIR-1
Sta
Temp
Flov *C
Conductivity
limhos/cm .. pH
mud range range composite ranee
5.75 32-39 3
Cadmium
nut/1
,000- 5,000 6.5-
7,500 8.8
Chromium
DK/1 Ibs/day
Solids
TOC COD total
OR/1 Ibs/dav DiR/1 Ibs/day me/1 Ibs/dav
52 2,500 168 8,070 3,210 154,000
Mercury Cojjper
liR/1 Ibs/dav niK/1
SUSP Oil & Crease
nK/1 Ibs/day DK/1 Ibs/dav
76 3,650 17 815
Lead
OR/I Ibs/day
FIR-1
<0.05
0.20
10
0.6
0.0288
<0.02
10
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix 7.
b/ No Interference fro* calcium detected.
<
r 108
-------
109
During the sampling period, the daily Firestone industrial waste dis-
charge to Bayou d'In.de contained 8,070 Ibs of COD; 2,500 Ibs, TOG; 3,650
Ibs, suspended solids; and 815 Iba of oil and grease [Table 5-4].
Survival studies with shrimp were Bade at Station CR-6.1 and at the
control stations following methods outlined in Appendix C. These studies
indicated that total mortality occurred at this station in Bayou d'Inde
within six hours (Appendix D). Toxlcity resulting from industrial wastes,
noxious sludge gases, the lack of oxygen, -- either alone or a combination
-- is contributary to the cause of the mortalities. The 100 percent
mortality precluded taste and odor tests with shrimp. (No shrimp mortalities
occurred at the Control Stations (CR-1 and CR-11.2) during this six-hour
time span.)
Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 1], are located In the Lover
Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination from Indus-
trial wastes. Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial discharges
and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations. Station
CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and has water
with lower salinity levels than has Station 1.
Bottom sediment samples collected from Bayou d'Inde, at a point below
the discharges from the Firestone plant, contained 20 percent volatile
material and had an OSI value of 3.4 [Table E-l, Appendix E], (Neigh-
boring industrial sources also downstream from the discharges may be con-
tributory to the problem.) These figures indicate a highly organic bottom
deposit undergoing decomposition and stabilization. Upstream of the plant
discharges, bottom sediments are composed of decaying matted vegetation,
-------
110
leaves, etc.; and the OSI value is slightly lower, at 3.1; the volatiles
19 percent.
DMA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
Information obtained from the Louisiana Stream Control Commission
indicates that present treatment at Firestone consists of solids removal,
neutralization, filtration, and aeration. By March 1971, these facilities
vere scheduled to be replaced by primary and secondary clarification and
aeration. During this investigation the aerators were not in use. Further,
no specific levels of waste materials in the Industrial effluent fron
Firestone Rubber Company were available to EPA representatives.
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
The Company has been awarded an EPA Research and Development Grant
($390,000) for the development of a nev Industrial wastewater treatment
system. The purpose of the research is to develop a system using alum and
a polyelectrolyte, air flotation followed by biological treatment, and
aerated lagoons to treat approximately 5,8 mgd. An API oil separator will
precede the nev treatment system.
At the time of this inspection, in offering data [presented in Table
1], Company officials disclosed that these are the expected results of
i
the proposed system, to be on line in early June 1971. If the anticipated
level of treatment is achieved, abatement of these pollution sources should
be adequate to protect the present uses of the receiving waters*
-------
Ill v-9
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that;
1. Present discharge of carbonaceous materials, suspended solids,
and oil and grease by the Lake Charles Plant of the Firestone Rubber Company
constitutes a violation of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
(33 USC: 401-413).
2. The Company appears to be making suitable progress toward instal-
lation of improved treatment facilities.
3. The Company should be permitted a reasonable allowance of time to
complete the planned facilities and to attain routine operation thereof.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. Progress toward implementation of planned treatment procedures
be monitored by the Office of Enforcement, EPA.
2. If the new treatment facilities are not in operation by December 31,
1971, appropriate abatement proceedings be Initiated against the Company.
3. If new treatment facilities are in operation by December 31, 1971,
effluent quality be examined; if the quality is found to be Inadequate,
appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated.
4. The permit, to be Issued to the Lake Charles Plant of the Firestone
Rubber Company, limit discharges of BOD, COD, TOC, oil and grease, heavy
metals, and total hydrocarbons, consistent with best available treatment
and with the water quality standards for the Lover Calcasieu Elver.
-------
DAVISQH CHEMICAL DIVISION
W. R. GRACE AND COM?ANT
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
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VI-1
113
BACKGROIM) INFORMATION
General
In conjunction with other chemical plants and all the major petroleum
refineries, the Davison Chemical plant makes a significant contribution to
the economy in the Lover Calcasieu River area. This W, R. Grace operation
la involved primarily in the production of catalysts.
The Davison Chemical Division manufactures synthetic cracking catalysts
to supply the needs of various petrochemical complexes operating in the
Lake Charles area. This plant operates continuously. One hundred fifty
employees are Involved in production and another fifty carry out management
and administrative duties. The director of environmental matters for
W. R, Grace declined to answer EPA'e question regarding the rated plant
capacity.
The basic raw materials used in the production of catalysts at this
facility are silica and aluminum. Intermediate compounds are sodium
silicate, aluminum hydrate, aluminum sulfate, and ammonia. Various clays
are also added in the process. The final step is a spray wash and drying.
It is at this point that a portion of the product Is lost and eventually
finds its way into the Davison industrial waste discharge.
Water JSupply
Water is obtained from two wells, each rated at 1,250 gpm (1.8 mgd).
Uses of this water are for process, boiler feed, sanitary service, and non-
contact cooling.
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114
Exis ting Waste Treatment
Untreated process waste is discharged from a single outfall to an
unnamed bayou that flows to the Calcaaieu River [Figure 6-1]•
The plant is currently operating under a permit from the Louisiana
Stream Control Commission.
Chronology of Contacts
On March 26, 1971, J. L. Hatheway and M. R, Helton of the Division of
Field Investigations-Denver Center, EPA, net with Henry S. Craven, Plant
Manager, and Fred Henke, Director of Environmental Matters, in order to
Initiate an industrial waste inventory at this plant. The meeting had been
arranged by E. D. Anthony, Jr., enforcement programs specialist, Region VI
Office, EPA, Dallas, Texas, on March 25, 1971.
Mr. Henke commented that none of the local employees devote significant
time to water pollution control. There are, however, two employees at the
corporate home office [P.O, Box 2117, Baltimore, Maryland] who are assigned
principal duties in water pollution and/or air pollution control for all
operating subdivisions. These employees were present and accompanied the
EPA investigators on the initial tour of the plant. Mr. Henke and the
others present indicated that no heavy metals are used in any of the pro-
cesses, and added that heavy metals cannot be permitted to be present in
the finished product. The Company representatives were cooperative, at-
tempted to answer all the questions posed by the investigating team, and
conducted the team on a tour of the plant.
On April 16, 1971, R. D. Harp, R. L. King, and Mr. Hatheway (all
-------
VI-3
DFI-DC representatives) met with Mr. Henke to discuss the industrial waste-
water sampling program. He consented to the sampling of the effluent from
this W. E. Grace facility.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Wastewater effluent samples [as Illustrated in Figure 6-1] were col-
lected from the discharge channel at a point about 200 feet outside the
southeast corner.of the property (WRG-1). Shrimp survival studies were
conducted on the Lower Calcasleu River upstream and downstrean from the
W. 1. Grace discharge. Sediment samples were collected from the River
at the point of the discharge (station CR-2), [In Table 6-1 is a descrip-
tion of the stations where the effluent and the Lower Calcasleu River were
sampled.]
Effluent samples (125 ml allquots) were composited every two hours,
for 24 hours, beginning at 6:15 a.m., April 23. [The results of the sampling
are shown in Table 6-2,]
During the period of the sampling, Grace's Davison Chemical Division
discharged each day loads of at least 910 Ibs of aluminum; 3,870 Ibs, COD;
290 Ibs, TOCj and 11,700 Ibs of suspended solids Into the Lower River.
Survival studies were made with shrimp at Station CR-2, CR-2,1 and at
the Control Stations following methods outlined in Appendix C. These
studies indicated that total shrimp mortality occurred within 6 hours
[Appendix C], Near the east bank of the Lower River, opposite the dis-
charge point (CR-2.1), a total shrimp mortality occurred within two hours.
Total mortality during the 6-hour test precluded taste and odor evaluation.
(At Control Stations CR-1 and CR-11.2 there were no mortalities during
this time span.)
-------
116
LA 1O8
N
Not To Scale
Figure 6-1. Ellluent I Receiving liter Sampling Locations lor i. R, Gtace ^ Company
-------
VI-4
11?
TABLE 6-1
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING HATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number
Description and Remarks
WRG—1 Samples collected of the effluent from the drainage ditch at a
point about 200 ft outside the southeast corner of the property.
The ditch drains into the Lower Calcasieu River through an un-
named Bayou.
CR-1 Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream from intraeoastal
waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (control station).
CR-2 Lower Calcasieu .River near Vincent's Landing, at the discharge
from W, R. Grace and Company.
CR-2.1 Lover Calcasieu River, next to the east bank, opposite W, R, Grace
and Company discharge.
CR-11.2 Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island Just west
of Lake Charles (control station).
-------
TABLE 6-2
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS2/
Conductivity
Flow
Sta mad
WRC-1 1.81
CR-2
PH
range
4.1-8.6
7.6-8.9
\i mhos/cm
range
19,500-
40,000
composite
28.000
14,500
Temp
•c
range
37-42
23-26
Solids
TOC
rng/1 Iba/day
19 290
9.1.
COD total
nR/1 Iba/day mc/1 Ibs/day
256 3.870 22.900 346.000
8.950
suap
B1R/1
772
16
Ibs/day
11.700
Sta
WRC-1
CR-2
Cadmium
nR/1
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
rag/1
<0.01
<0.02
Mercury
UR/1 Ibs/day
0.8 0.0121
3.2
Aluminum
nut/I Ibs/dav
60 910
<0.5
Copper
rnn/1
<0.02
Lead
me/1
«0.1
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Two •ample* taken (morning and afternoon).
118
I
01
-------
VI-6
119
Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11,2 [Table I], are located in the Lower
Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination from Indus-
trial wastes. Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial discharges
and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations. Station
CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and has water
with lower salinity levels than has Station 1.
A sample of the bottom sediments, taken downstream from the Industrial
discharge of W. R. Grace and Company, was composed of grayish-white partic-
ulate material. A low OSI value, 0.25, indicates that the waste material
discharged is primarily of inorganic character [Table E-l, Appendix E].
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission extended (December 16, 1970)
the discharge penult of W. R. Grace and Company. A summary of information
from the Commission files as to allowable levels of materials discharged
is as follows:
Date of Application: August 13, 1970
Quantity of Discharge: 3.09 cfs
Temperature: Ambient
Turbidity: 50 to 800 ppm
True Color: Hone
Inorganic Materials: 332,000 Ibs/day equivalent to 19,500 ppm
discharged to the Calcasieu River.
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
Construction of a new wastewater treatment facility is underway with
an estimated completion date of December 1972. This new facility consists
of clarification and pH control. If properly designed and operated, this
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120
facility should provide adequate treatment to protect the quality of the
receiving waters.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that;
1. Present discharge of carbonaceous materials, aluminum, and suspended
solids, by the Lake Charles Plant of W. R. Grace and Company (Davison Chem-
ical Division) constitutes a violation of Section 407, livers and Harbors
Act of 1899 (33 USC; 401-413).
2. The Company appears to be making suitable progress toward instal-
lation of treatment facilities.
3. The Company should be permitted a reasonable allowance of time to
complete the planned facilities and to attain routine operation thereof.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. Progress toward implementation of planned treatment be monitored
by the Office of Enforcement, EPA}
2. If new treatment facilities are not in operation by January 1,
1973, appropriate abatement actions be initiated against the Company.
3. If new treatment facilities are in operation by January 1, 1973,
effluent quality be examined; if the quality is found to be inadequate,
appropriate abatement actions be initiated against the Company.
4. The permit, to be issued to W. R. Grace and Company, limiting
discharges of BOD, COD, TOC, heavy metals, and aluminum be consistent with
best available treatment and the water quality standards for the Lower
Calcasieu River.
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121
HERCULES, INCORPORATED
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
-------
±22
VII-l
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
In conjunction with other chemical plants and all the major petroleum
refineries in the area, the Hercules plant is a substantial contributor to
the economy in the Lover Calcasieu River Basin, The Hercules operation is
involved primarily in the production of organic chemicals.
The plant operates continuously to produce 500 million Ibs of poly-
olefins, polyethylene, and polypropylene per year. Six hundred persons
are employed at this facility.
The materials used in the process are eythlene, propylene, Isopropsnol,
oethanol, aluminum alkyl, titanium chloride, surfactants, caustic soda,
sulfuric acid, an unidentified plastic stabilizer, kerosene hydrocarbons,
and chrotaate corrosion inhibitors.
Water Supply
Water is obtained from three veils that are about 500 feet deep. The
veils supply a total of about 3,000 gpm (4.32 mgd). Process vater is
demineralized and is used for purification of the product.
Existing Waste Treatment
Present treatment of vater-contact process vastes takes place in six
ponds that can be operated in series or in parallel [Figure 7-1]. Aluminum
and titanium are removed by pK adjustment and subsequent precipitation in
the ponds. lacpropanol is stripped, by steam, froa che product. Then, the
steam is distilled in order to recover the alcohol for recycling. (Company
officials claim that 94 to 96 percent recovery of isopropanol is achieved
-------
123
• US 90
Not To Scale
Figure H, Uflueni i Receiring Witer Sampling locations lof Hercules, Itictrporaied
-------
by this system.) The alcohol lost In the process is mixed with the waste-
water discharged to the ponds.
A seventh pond, known as the "firewater pond", receives wastes from
the railroad car unloading area. This wastewater receives treatment in an
API separator prior to discharge to the "firewater pond". Various flow
patterns are possible within the pond area. At the tine of the survey, a
separate discharge, from the "firewater pond" to the outfall ditch, was in
operation. The combined wastewater streams flow through a rated section
that is equipped with a water level recorder, and are then discharged to
the Lower Calcasieu River through an outfall ditch.
Chronology of Contacts
On April 1, 1971, R. D. Harp and M. R. Helton of the DFI-DC staff
visited the Lake Charles facility of Hercules, Incorporated, ic order to
determine the basic processes in the plant and the associated water pol-
lution control facilities. D. J. Kielman, manager of environmental
affairs for Hercules, provided the information requested and conducted
a tour of the facilities* The meeting had been arranged on March 29, by
E. D. Anthony, Jr., enforcenent programs specialist, EPA, Region VI.
Throughout the Interview Hr. Kieltnan was cooperative and provided
analytical data, drawings of the treatment facilites, and a general
location plan.
On April 19, J. V. Rouse (also of EPA's DFI-DC staff) and Mr. Harp
met with Hr. Kielman to discuss the industrial wastewater sampling program.
He was Informed that waste source evaluations and water quality investiga-
tions were being conducted in the Calcasieu River Basin by DFI-DC.
Mr. Kielman consented to the sampling of the Hercules effluent.
-------
125
VII-3
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Wastewater effluent samples were collected from the outfall ditch
(HER-1) at a point just outside of the southeast corner of the property
fence. [In fable 7-1 Is a description of the Lover Calcasieu River sampling
stations, and In Table 7-2 are the effluent data furnished by Hercules.1
Water samples (125 ml aliquots) were composited every two hours
over a 24-hour period commencing at 6;45 a.m., April 23, One effluent grab
sample (HER-2) was collected at 2:15 p.m., April 19, for oil and grease
analysis. Additional grab samples (HER-1B) were collected at 6:45 a.m.,
April 23, for specific organic analysis [Table 3]. Survival studies with
shrimp were conducted on the Lower Calcasieu River downstream from the
Hercules discharge. Sediment samples were also obtained from the same area.
Shrimp survival studies were made with white shrimp at CR-5 and CR-5.1
— as well as at CR-11.2 and CR-1 — following methods outlined in Appendix C»
in order to determine palatabilities and mortality rates. These studies
showed mortalities of 40 to 100 percent, respectively, at the end of a
24-hour period [Appendix D], The mortality rate, at CR-5, continued at 10
to 20 percent .for each additional 24-hour period until, at the end of 72
hours, 70 percent of the shrimp had died. The Control Stations CR-1 and
CR-11,2 had mortalities of 20 percent during this 72-hour period. Shrimp
showed no significant off-flavor or off-odor,
Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 7-1J, are located in the
Lower Calcasieu River BO as to have the least possible contamination from
industrial wastes. Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial
discharges and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations.
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126 vii-4
TABLE 7-1
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number Description and Remarks ^. .
Her-1 Samples collected from the drainage ditch just outside the
southeast corner of the property fence. Ditch empties Into
the Lover Calcasieu River.
HER-1B Grab sample for organic chemical analyses taken of the effluent
from the last treatment pond.
HER-2 Grab sample for organic chemical analyses of the influent to the
waste treatment ponds,
CR-1 Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream from intracoastal
waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control Station).
CR-5 Lower Calcasieu Mver, near Channel Marker 108, downstream from
Hercules effluent.
CR-5.1 Lower Calcasieu River, at Channel Marker 108, opposite shore
from Hercules Incorporated discharge.
CP.-11.2 Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island just vest
of Lake Charles (Control Station).
TABLE 7-2
HERCULES EFFLUENT-'
Sodium 885 mg/1 Chromate 1.06 mg/1—
Chloride 400 mg/1 Total dissolved
Sulfate 1,490 mg/1 inorganics 2,702 mg/1
Calcium 19 mg/1 Dissolved
Aluminum 4 mg/1 oxygen 7 mg/1
Titanium 3 mg/1
&f Data supplied by manager for environmental affairs,
b_/ According to Company officials, recent improvements in treatment
have reduced the chrornate concentration in the effluent to 0,38 mg/1.
-------
Station CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and haa
water with lover salinity levels than haa Station 1.
TABLE 7-3
RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Concentration Load
Station Parameter (mg/1) Ibs/day
HEE-1B Decane 0.03 0.6
Undecane 0.02 0.4
Both decane and undecane are aliphatic hydrocarbons that can be
measured as oil and grease. These two compounds were the major extractable
organics in the Hercules effluent. At the low concentrations encountered,
the hydrocarbons should have little effect on the receiving water.
Evaluation of analytical data and field measurements [Table 7-4] indi-
cates that, during the period of the survey, Hercules, Incorporated, dis-
charged daily loads of 3.5 Ibs of chromium; 5,800 Ibs, COD; 1,100 Ibs, TOG;
760 Ibs, suspended solids; and 18 Ibs of oil and grease.
Bottom sediment samples collected in the Lower Calcasieu River down-
stream from the Hercules discharge were primarily composed of fine sand.
Approximately one percent of the sample was volatile and the OSI value was
0.01, thus confirming the inorganic nature of the settleable solids dis-
charged by the Company [Table E-l, Appendix E].
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)
discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by Hercules,
-------
TABLE 7-4
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS-
Sta
BER-1
CR-5
Sta
HER-I
• Conductivity
Flow pH pmhos/cm
mud ranee range Composite
2.12 6.9-7.2 2.400- 1.960
3.200
6.8-6.3 13.400
Oil 6 Grease Cadmium
mR/1 Ibs/day mg/1
1 18 <0.05
Temp
*C TOC
ranee mn/1 Ibs/day
23-30.5 62 1,100
23-24 9.4.
13£/
Chromium
BR/1 Ibs/day
0.20 3.5
, . Solids
COD-' Total
rnn/1 Ibs/day me/1 Ibs/day mR/1
332 5,880 1.290 22.800 43
8.980 16
Mercury
UR/1 Ibs/day
0.7 0.0124
Su3p
Ibs/day
760
CR-5
al Analytical procedures are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ COD analyses were performed when TOC values exceeded 20 Kg/1.
cj Composite samples caken (morning and •£tarnoon).
128
cr\
-------
VII-7
Incorporated. A summary of the information from the Commission files
is as follows:
Date of Application: August 19, 1970
Quantity of Discharge: 2.3 cfa
Temperature: Ambient
Turbidity: Approximately 100 ppm
True Color: Less than 20 by the Hazen method
Organic Material: 8,000 Ibs/day
Inorganic Materia;: 30,000 Ibs/day
Toxic Material:
Zinc Chrornate 2 Ibs/day discharged to Lower
Calcasieu liver
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
Hercules, Incorporated, is constructing a new biological treatment
facility that will be in operation by January 1, 1972, This new facility
is designed to remove 85 percent of the organic chemicals before the
effluent enters the settling ponds.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Present discharges of chromium, carbonaceous materials, and sus-
pended solids constitute violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act
of 1899 (33 USC 401-413).
2. Survival studies with shrimp indicate that the stream near the
Hercules facility contains toxic materials.
3. The Company is on schedule with the construction of upgraded treat-
ment facilities*
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130
VII-8
BECOMMENDATIONS
It Is recommended that:
1. The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward construction
completion and start-up of the treatment facilities;
2. If the new treatment facilities are not in operation by April 1,
1972, consideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement actions
against Hercules, Incorporated, for the discharge of chromium, carbonaceous
materials, and suspended solids, to the Lower Calcasieu River, a navigable
stream;
3, If the new treatment facilities are in operation by April 1, 1972,
the effluent quality be examined and, if found to be inadequate, appropriate
abatement proceedings be initiated;
4. The permit to be issued Hercules, Incorporated, limit discharges
of BOD; COD; TOC; oil and grease; heavy metals; and total hydrocarbons to
be consistent with best available treatment and the water quality standards
for the Lower Calcasieu River,
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131
OLIN COHPORATION
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
-------
VIII-l
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
In conjunction with other chemical plants and all the major petroleum
refineries, the Olin Corporation plant is a substantial contributor to the
economy in the Lower Calcasieu River area. The operation is primarily
involved in the production of heavy chemicals.
Olin operates this facility continuously. Between 100 and 500 persons
are employed in the production operation. The major products are soda ash,
ammonia, sodium nitrate, hydrazines, urea, and nitric acid. The Solvay
process is used in the production of soda ash (technical grade sodium car-
bonate, anhydrous). The rated, daily plant capacity is 1,000 tons of soda
ash; 1,400 tons, ammonia; 300 tons, sodium nitrate; 250 tons, nitric acid;
8,000 Ibs, hydrazine; and 450 tons of urea.
Water Supply
Water is obtained from the Lower River for use in non-contact cooling.
(No Information regarding the quality of water withdrawn from the River
was provided by the Company.) Water for boiler feed, domestic use, and for
additional non-contact cooling, plus process water, is supplied by 13 wells,
each of which is rated at 1,100 gpm (1.58 mgd)»
ExistingWaste Treatment
All wastewater effluents are discharged back to the River. (Company
officials would not disclose either the type of treatment provided to the
wastes prior to their discharge or the process from which each discharge
was derived.) Nine of the ten discharges from the Olin facility are to a
barge slip [Figure 8-1J. Discharge from the large tailings pond is to the
River.
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133
US 9O
N
Not To Scale
Figure 8-1. [[linen! & Rsceinrij Water Samplinj LocitiOBS lor Olin Ctrpgratigg
-------
134
Chronology of Contacts
On March 26, 1971 E. D. Anthony, Jr., enforcement programs specialist,
Region VI Office, EPA, contacted L. P, Schell, technical manager of the
Agricultural Division of Olin Corporation, in order to arrange a meeting
with DFI-DC representatives. On March 29, M. R. Helton, of the DFI-DC
staff, met with Mr. Schell. It was pointed out that, at the request of
the Region VI Office, information was being collected on Industrial dis-
charges in the Lake Charles area. Mr. Schell indicated that he was not
at liberty to release information. Further, he was neither cooperative
nor responsive to inquiries regarding processes, raw materials, treatment
of wastes, etc. Although Mr. Schell consented to conduct the EPA repre-
sentative on a tour of the process area, he avoided any discussion of
waste discharges — to the extent that he would not even admit that the
Olin Corporation owned a 525-acre tailings pond.
On April 16, R. D. Harp, of the DFI-DC staff contacted Mr. Schell
to request permission to sample the wastewaters discharged by the Olin
plant. He was provided a copy of an introductory letter, signed by the
DFI-DC director, indicating the purposes of the survey.
On April '29, 1971, Mr. Schell contacted Mr. Harp to inform him that
the plant effluent could be sampled. The next day (April 21) the plant
was visited in order to select sampling locations. Company officials re-
quested that they be furnished copies of the analytical results of the
sampling. Mr» Harp indicated that their request should be directed to the
Dallas Regional Office, EPA. Copies of the field measurement results were
provided the Company Iramedlately after the sampling was completed.
-------
, 135
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Samples were collected from the ten discharges and the water supply
Intake. [See Table 8-1 for a description of effluent and receiving water
sampling points.] Effluent samples (125 ml allquots) were collected every
two hours and composited over a 24-hour period (except at station Olin 11,
which was sampled every six hours) commencing at 8:20 a.m., April 22, 1971.
Intake water (Olin 1) is apparently used for a once-through, non-contact cool-
ing. Also, the Olin 9 discharge is assumed to be primarily cooling water.
Survival and palatability studies were conducted with white shrimp.
The shrimp were exposed to the River water near discharges following methods
outlined in Appendix C, [Results of these studies are shown in Appendix D.J
Within six hours, shrimp placed in the River at the mouth of the Company
barge canal (CR-11) acquired significant off-flavor. At the end of a 24-hour
period, total shrimp mortality had occurred at this station. Similar tests
conducted at Control Stations showed no significant off-flavor or off-odor
and shrimp had a mortality range from 10 to 20 percent (80 to 90 percent
survival).
Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 1], are located in the Lower
Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination from indus-
trial wastes. Station CR-1 Is located downstream from industrial discharges
and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations. Station
CR-11,2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and has water
with lower salinity levels than has Station 1.
Shrimp placed in the River for 6 hours near the Olin tailings pond
discharge (CR-8) acquired no significant off-odor or off-flavor, A 40
-------
136
TABLE 8-1
VII1-4
DESCRIPTION OP EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POIOTS
Station
Number
Description and Remarks
OLIN-1 Water supply intake, located north of Clooney Island and approxi-
mately 1,000 ft east of the Olin Slip entrance.
OLIN-2 Samples of the effluent from the nitrogen area collected from a
48-in. reinforced concrete pipe discharging to the Olin Slip,
upstream of the Slip entrance.
OLIN-3 Samples of the water treatment effluent collected from a 2-ft
concrete open rectrangular channel that is located approximately
600 ft from the Olin Slip entrance.
OLIN-4 Samples collected from a 2-ft concrete open rectangular channel
located approximately 1,400 ft from the Olin Slip entrance and
west of the alkali warehouse.
OLIN-5 Samples collected from a 30-in. diameter cast iron pipe located
approximately 200 ft from the alkali warehouse and 1,600 ft
fron the Olin Slip entrance,
OLIN-6 Samples collected from a 24-in, diameter cast iron pipe located
approximately 250 ft west of the alkali warehouse and 1,700 ft
vest of the entrance to the Olin Slip.
OLIN-7 Samples collected from a rectangular channel located approximately
300 ft west of the alkali warehouse and 1,700 ft west of the
entrance to the Olin Slip.
OLIN-8 Samples collected from a 24-in. diameter reinforced concrete pipe
located approximately at the same elevation as the west edge of
the powerhouse and 2,000 ft west of the entrance to the Olin Slip.
OLIN-9 Samples collected from a pipe located west of OLIN-8. This
constituted the major discharge (quantity) to the Olin Slip.
OLIN-10 Samples of the effluent from the hydrazine area collected from a
pipe located at the west end of the Olin Slip.
-------
137
TABLE 8-1 (Continued)
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
VIII-5
Station
Number
Descriptigr.and Remarks
OLIN-11
CR-8
CR-8.1
CR-9
CR-11
CR-11. 1
CR-11. 2
CR-1
Samples of the effluent collected from the Olin tailings pond
discharging to the Lower Calcasieu River east of Coon Island.
The discharge point is located approximately 2,000 ft north
of Channel Marker
Lower Calcasieu River, east shore of Coon Island near the discharge
from Olin tailings pond.
Lower Calcasieu River, near Prien Lake at buoy 110.
Lower Calcasieu River near Channel Marker 112, midway between Coon
Island and Contraband Bayou,
Lower Calcasieu River at mouth of Olin barge slip, northwest of
Clooney Island,
Lower Calcasieu River, north shore, south of Clooney Island.
Lower Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island, just
west of Lake Charles (Control Station).
Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream of the
Intracoastal waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control Station) .
-------
138
percent shrimp mortality was recorded at this station at the end of a
24-hour survival study. The kill continued at a mortality rate of 10 to
20 percent for each additional 24-hour exposure to the River- water
[Appendix Dj. The result was a 70 percent mortality at CR-8 at the end of
a 72-hour test period. Control Stations had a mortality of 20 percent
during this period. The live shrimp were left in situ until the termina-
tion of the 4-day test. High mortalities at all including Control Stations
precluded the use of the 96-hour data for bioassay or taste and odor
comparisons. Toxic materials contained in the Company discharges apparently
contributed to shrimp mortalities at CR-8 and CR-11.
Haste loads discharged during the sampling period, not including
constituents contained In the cooling water (Olin-9), were at least: 2,000
Its of TOC; 5,200 Ibs, NH,N; 1,000 Iba, Org N; 12,300 Ibs, suspended solids;
145 Ibs, ehroid.ua; and 4 Ibs of cadmium. [See Table 8-2.] Temperature cf
the effluents varied from 10* to 50*C. Total addition of heat to the
receiving waters from all discharges was 1.2 X 10 calories.
Bottom sediment samples [Table E-l, Appendix E] were taken at the
mouth of the Olin Barge Slip and near the discharge from the Company tail-
ings pond across from Coon Island. In the Slip (35 ft depth) sediments
consisted of a soft mud that emitted a petrochemical odor. These sediments
contained 22 percent volatile materials. However, the Organic Sediment
Index (OSI) was only 1.2, indicating slowly decomposing materials. It was
not possible to determine whether these materials are deposited from Company
discharges or from barge leakage. Bottom sediments near the tailings
pond discharge exhibited a low OSI value 0.24 and only 7.9 percent volatile
-------
TABLE 8-2
SUMMARY OP ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5/
Sta
OLIN-1
OLIN-2
OLIN-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-5
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-8
OLIN-9
OLIN-10
OLIN-11
CR-8
CR-9
CR-11
Flow
4.10
0.81
0.389
6.358
2.31
0.036
0.267
15.16
0.362
3.19
range
7.1-8.8
7.0-8.5
7.1-10.3
7.8-12.2
7.2-10.6
7.0-9.7
7.4-10.0
6.6-10.2
7.0-9.0
4.0-11.5
5.9-9.0
7.5-8.2
7.4-8.0
7.6-8.5
Conductivity
Umhos/cn
ranfte
4.250-16.000
1.200-4,250
1.000-15,000
4,000-22.500
6.500-15,000
6,500-15.000
1,000-40,000
1,300-20,500
6,000-15,000
1,300-2,900
>40.000
comp
7.900
2,300
4,300
11.600
7,200
8,800
5,700
2,000
8,600
1.340
74 .000
8,500
12,600
11,000
Temp
•c
range
10-25 •
25-38
40->50
19-30
18-32
26-43
23-42
22-40
15-34
10-28
24-25
22.5-24
20-23
24-25
Solids
TOC CO
BiR/1
9
23
1
3
8
11
5
2
10
5
21
9L 11 —
.1, J.J.
8.5. 8.8
9.5. 17^
Ibs/day mn/1
790 114
7
10
425
210
2|
4 '
1,270
15
560
/
c/
/
D27 total
Ibs/day mjt/1
5.160
3,900 1,190
2.620
8,370
4.540
5,890
3,750
1.030
5.580
1.450
73,900
5.350
8.420
7,300
Ibs/day
40.700
17,700
27.200
241.000
113.600
1.130
2.300
706,400
4,400
1,970.000
SUSP
me/I
23
44
99
77
122
28
115
13
33
31
102
14
8
6
Ibs/day
1.510
670
250
6.480
540
35
30
4.180
95
2.720
^
f~H
i
--J
139
-------
TABLE 8-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
OrR N
Sta
OLIN-1
OLIN-2
OLIN-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-5
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-8
OLIN-9
OLIN-10
OLIN-11
CR-8
CR-9
CR-11
mR/1
7.00
11.50
6.44
4.76
7.28
8.12
48.2
6.16
10.1
6.16
Ibs/day
394
40
15
390
160
15
15
1,280
20
NHi-N
OR/I
3.44
75.6
21.6
438
12.7
13.6
156
2.1
6.3
5.18
3.22
Ibs/dny
2,590
145
1,420
675
260
45
5
800
16
85
Cadmium
mR/1 Ibs/day
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
•eO.05
0.15 4
<0.05
Chromium
me/1 Ibs/day
0.04
4.0 140
<0.01
<0.01
0.02 1.1
0.02 0.4
0.02 0.01
<0.01
0.04 5
<0.01
0.10 3
0.05
Mercury
UK/1
<0.1
0.2
0.4
2.7
3.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.1
2.7
Ibs/day
0.0069
0.0027
0.0088
0.2071
0.0019
0.0001
0.0002
0.0127
0.0018
0.0027
Copper
mR/1 Ibs/day
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.08 0.3
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.17 4.5
<0.02
Lead Nickel
me/1 mR/1
0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.02 <0.2
<•/ d/
<0.1
Aluminum
OR/1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
-------
VIII-9
r 141
material, thus Indicating that the solids discharged are primarily in-
organic in nature.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
Olin Corporation submitted an application [August 24, 1970] to the
Louisiana Stream Control Commission for approval of waste discharge levels
of certain materials. The total quantity of flow discharged through eleven
sources was to be 29,83 cfs with an inorganic load of 2,847,210 Ibs/day.
The Commission reviewed the application and returned the data to the
Company for submission of more information. [A summary of the present
information pertaining to waste discharges on file with the Louisiana
stream Control Commission is contained in Table 8-3.]
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
There was no information provided by Company officials on a proposed
treatment program at this Industry.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Discharges to the Lower Calcasieu liver, of chromium, cadmium,
nitrogenous materials, carbonaceous materials, suspended solids, and heat,
by the Company plant constitute violations of Section 407, Rivers and
Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC; 401-413).
2. Survival studies with shrimp indicate that the stream near the
Olin facility contains toxic materials.
3. At no time during the course of the investigation was there any
indication that the Company plans to initiate or improve treatment of the
liquid wastes which are presently being discharged.
-------
TABLE 8-3
OLIN CORPORATION DISCHARGE COMPOSITION LEVELS SUBMITTED TO
LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
Sewer
1
2
3
4
5
6
• ' . 7 ::
8
9
9B
10
11*
Quantity of
Discharge, Temperature
cfs *F
N o
2.0
0.8
0.82
0.11
1.74
1.34
0.4S
13.6
0.17
0.17
8.5
93
149
95
95
107
107
93
96
83
83
ambient
Turbidity,
ppm SIO?
41
10
46
98
3
500
4
2
19
19
9
True
Color
Units
93
12
9
9
9
5
7
9
3
3
6
Toxic Materials
Inorcnnlc Material CrOi NHj
Ibo/dav ppm Iba/dny ppm Ibs/day ppm
2,850 2,652 176 16 336 31
48.500 10,226
20,560 4,647
200 337 7 12
1.300 180
60 67
60 67
2,772.000 60.000 600 13
Note: All of the above permits except for Sewer fll indicated no treatment with direct discharge of effluent to the
Lower Cnlcasleu River via • privately owned boat slip.
* Sever fll discharges to a 525-acre treatment pond and then to the Lover Calcaaieu River.
I
M
O
-------
VIII-11
RECOMMENDATIONS
It Is re commended that:
1. Appropriate proceedings be initiated immediately against the
Olin Corporation to abate the present daily discharge to the Calcasieu
River, a. navigable stream, of 2,000 pounds of carbonaceous material; 7,500
pounds, nitrogenous materials; 12,300 pounds, suspended solids; 4 pounds,
12
cadmium; 145 pounds of chromium; and 1.2 X 10 calories of heat.
2. The discharge permit to be issued by the Corps of Engineers limit
discharges of BOD, COD, TOG, suspended solids, heavy metals, and heat, to
levels consistent with applicable vater quality standards and best available
treatment.
-------
144
LAKE CHARLES FACILITY
OF
PPG INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED
-------
145 H-i
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
In conjunction with other chemical plants and petroleum refineries
on the Lower Calcasieu River, PPG Industries, Incorporated contributes
significantly in supporting the economy of the area. The PPG operation is
involved primarily in the production of heavy chemicals (both organic and
inorganic),
PPG Industries, a subdivision of the parent corporation, PPG Industries,
Incorporated, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is located in the Lake Charles-
Weatlake-Sulphur area of Louisiana.
The core area of the plant was built in 1942, with additions made in
1955. A sulflde plant expansion was completed in 1970. Various process
changes were made in the period 1960 to 1970, This facility produces
chlorine, caustic soda, aliphatics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, silica pig-
ments, sodium chlorate, and hydrochloric acid. The raw materials used in
the process are salt (sodium chloride) and ethylene. In addition, signi-
ficant amounts of mercury are used in the production of chlorine by
nercury cell process. The rated daily capacities of the chlorine and
caustic plants are 1,500 tons of chlorine and 1,650 tons of sodiuia hydroxide.
Approximately nine employees are involved, to a significant extent, in water
pollution control at this facility.
WaterSupply
Water is obtained from the Lower Calcasieu River for non-contact cool-
ing (290-300 mgd) and from 12 wells for process, sanitary service, and some
additional non-contact cooling water. The wells have a rated capacity of
750 to 2,000 gpni (1.05 to 2.88 n&f.) .
-------
f 146 ix-2
ExistingWagte Tre atment
Five outfalls discharge liquid wastes from PPG operations to an open
channel that is approximately 50 feet wide ar.d two and one-half miles long
[Figure 9-1], Company officials refer to the channel as the "oxidation
ditch". The once-through cooling water from the electrical power generating
plant is discharged to a ditch along with wastes from the silica pigment
plant, the organics plant, the caustic plant, and a mercury reduction cell.
Total flow in the "ditch", according to Company officials, is about 290 mgd.
Wastewater from the silica pigment plant flows through an open channel
to the "ditch". The bottom of this channel consists of a chalkish white
eandy material. Company officials maintain that this material is natural
sand, not sediment from discharge.
A mercury reduction cell was recently constructed and placed in opera-
tion. The effluent from the cell is discharged into the "ditch".
The "oxidation ditch" flows through a tidal area to Bayou d'Inde and
was observed several times during the survey to be flooded until the "ditch"
was indistinguishable. This tidal condition markedly reduces any effective-
ness, as a treatment facility, that the "ditch" might otherwise exert.
Three additional waste streams from the anhydrous caustic operation,
the sodium chlorate plant, and the chlorate recovery system, discharge
directly to Bayou Verdine, These discharges receive no treatment prior to
discharge. Once-through cooling water from a second power plant is also
discharged to Bayou Verdine.
Chronology of Contacts
On March 26, 1971, J. L. Hatheway and M. R, Helton of the Division of
-------
147
US 9O
SPP - SILICAN PIGMENT PLANT
OP - ORGANIC PLANT
CCP - CHLORINE & CAUSTIC PLANT
N
Not To Scale
figure 9-1. Effluent t Itceivini Water Sampling locations lor PPG Industries Incorporated
-------
148
IX-3
Field Investigations-Denver Center, EPA, met with tf. B, Graybill, Plant
Manager, and Pete Burns, environmental control specialist for PPG Industries,
to initiate an Industrial waste inventory of this plant. E. B, Anthony, Jr.,
enforcement programs specialist, EPA Region VI, had made arrangements on
March 23 with Mr. Burns for the meeting. He and Mr. Graybill provided the
information requested and conducted a tour of the plant area.
Throughout the interview, Mr. Burns was cooperative and provided answers
to all questions posed by the investigating team. However, the DFI-DC
investigators were not permitted to take photographs within the plant pro-
perty.
On April 15, 1971, R. D. Harp and Mr. Hatheway met with Mr. Burns to
discuss the EPA industrial wastewater sampling program in the Lake Charles
area, specifically the waste source evaluations and water quality investi-
gations that were being conducted in the Calcasieu River Basin.
Mr. Burns consented to the sampling of PPG Industries effluents.
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
Wastewater samples were collected from all nine discharges within the
PPG Industries complex. Survival studies employing native, white shrimp
were conducted on Bayou d'Inde and Bayou Verdine downstream of the effluents.
Sediment samples were also collected from Bayou Verdine and Bayou d'Inde
downstream from the effluents as well as from the "oxidation ditch" upstream
from Bayou d'Inde, [In Table 9-1 is a description of the stations where
effluent and streams were sampled.]
Aliquots (750 ml) from the "oxidation ditch" were composited every
four hours for a 24-hour period, commencing at 6:20 a.m., April 26. Com-
posites, consisting of 125 ml allquots, were taken from the ether effluents
-------
149
IX-4
TABLE 9-1
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number
Description and Remarks
PPG-1 Samples collected from the effluent canal at a bridge on Mobil
Road 92 just downstream of 1-210 Bridge (flow est., 300 tngd) .
PPG-2 Samples collected of the effluent fron the pigment plant at the
point where the flow drains through a culvert under Mobil Oil
Conpany service road,
PPG-3 Samples collected from the effluent canal downstream from the
point where the organics plant and caustic plant discharges Join
and upstream from the point where the cooling water discharge
enters.
PPG-3A Samples collected of the effluent from the organics plant at the
culvert under the Mobil Oil Company service road,
PPG-4 Samples collected from a 72-inch sewer that discharges wastewater
from the anhydrous caustic plant and cooling water from the chlo-
rine and chlorate recovery systems into Bayou Verdine.
PPG-5 Samples collected from the north 54-inch sewer that discharges
wastewater from the sodium chlorate and caustic plants into Bayou
Verdine.
PPG-5A Samples collected from the south 54-inch sewer that discharges
wastewater from the sodium chlorate and caustic plants into
Bayou Verdine.
PPG-6 Samples collected of the cooling water effluent from power Plant A
as it discharges into the Barge Slip at the tnouth of Bayou Verdiae.
PPG-7 Samples collected of the cooling water intake (power Plant A) at
a hose bib. Source, Lower Calcasieu River.
PPG-8 Samples collected of the cooling water intake (power Plant B) at
a hose bib. Source, Lower Calcasieu River.
CR-1 Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream from the
intracoastal waterway) near Channel H«»rksr 92 (Control station).
CR-6 Bayou d'Inde at a gas line crossing about 1,000 yards southeast
of PPG discharge canal.
-------
150
IX~5
TABLE 9-1 (Continued)
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Nignber Description and Remarks
CR-7 Bayou Verdine northwest of Coon Island.
CR-11,2 Calcasieu Elver, south shore, south of Clooney Island, just west
of Lake Charles (Control station).
-------
151
IX-6
during the same period. One effluent grab sample was collected at Stations
PPG-4 and 7, at 5:30 a.m. and 8:50 a.m., respectively, on April 19 for oil
and grease analysis. [Results of this sampling are shown in Table 9-2.] An
additional grab sample was collected for specific organics analyses from
Station PPG-3A at 6:50 a.m. April 26 [fable 9-3].
TABLE 9-3
RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Concentration Load
Compounds Identified (mg/1) Ib/day
1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane 2.2 95
1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane 5.4 ,240
These two polychlorinated ethanes were the major extractable organics
present in the effluent sample. Other compounds were present in lower
concentration, but were not identified. These compounds are fat soluble
and are likely to accumulate in the environment much as other chlorinated
hydrocarbons, i.e., chlorinated pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls do.
Because food chain magnification can increase the concentration of these
compounds to what may be toxic levels, their discharge must be considered
as hazardous to the receiving waters, i.e., an aquatic environment.
Calculations based upon analytical data for stations PPG-1, 4, 5, 5A,
and 6, minus stations PPG 7 and 8, indicate that this industry discharged,
during the period of the study, net loads of at least 0.50 Ibs of mercury;
600 ibs, IOC; 31,000 Ibs of suspended solids; and 9.2 X 1012 of heat [Table
9-3].
Survival studies made with shrimp at stations CR-6, CR-7, and at the
Control Stations, followed methods outlined in Appendix C. The first shrimp
-------
TABLE 9-2
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5'
Sta
prc-i
PPC-2
PFC-3
PPC-4
PPC-5
PPC-5A
prc-6
PFC-7
Pl'C-8
CK-6
CR-7
Flow pH
mad ranee
290^ 6.2-7.6
2.22
74.1 6.3-7.2
1.3 7.1-9.8
} 6.8-8.9
) ^
) 6.8-11.3
0.743 7.2-8.1
} 6.8-7.5
j
} 6.5-8.0
7.4-7.8
6.2-6.8
Conductivity
ti mhos/cm
ranRe
10,000-13.000
7,500-19,500
10.200-14.500
600->80,000
9,000-15,000
10.000-17,000
6,000- 9,000
5,600-14,500
10.000-14,000
comp
11,000
8,600
10,450
16,000
11,400
10.800
1,150
10.800
9,500
10,100
10.200
Temp
°C
rnnRe
30-32
39-42
32-34
26-30
31-34
35-40
28-30
24-26
24-26
24-26
35-36
TOC
niR/1
13
18
12
6.2
10
10
5.4
16
11
10. 9.9^
5.4. 7.6^
Ibn/day
31.500
330
7,430
70
}
}490
)
35
)
)32,600£/
)
.
Solids
total
mR/1 Iba/day
7,070 17.120.000
7,030 130.090
6,800 4,207,000
9.700 105,300
7,760 >
}364 000^
7,220 }
4,620 28.700
7,060 }
}6, 750.000
6.350 }
6,430
6,550
susp
rnj/l Iba/day
32 77,500
887 16,400
22 13,600
138 1,500
32 }
' } 4 00^
428 }
17 105
31
19
14
34
Oil & Grease
BR/1 Iba/day
1 11
1
a! Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Flow estimated by Company officials.
cj Sunmntlon of the two Indicated scatIons.
A! Booed on estimated flow of each discharge.
_>;/ Based on average concentration.
fj' Two composite Bnmplea taken (morning and afternoon).
-------
TABLE 9-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Sta
PPG-1
PPG-2
PPG-3
PPG-4
PFG-5
PPG-5A
PPG-6
PPG-7
PPG-8
CR-6
CR-7
Cadmium
tnE/1
<0.05
<0.05
•-0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
mg/1 Ibs/day
<0.01
0.09 2
0.10 62
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
Mercury Copper
VR/1 Ibs/day mR/1 Ibs/day
0.4 0.9700 0.02 48
<0.1
1.0 0.6187
<0.1
0.1 }
} 0.0080s/
0.2 }
0.2
0.2 } <0.02
}0.4800
0.2 } <0.02
3.4 0.02
1.5 0.02
Lead Aluminum
mR/1 mg/1
<0.1
<0.1
-------
*'. 154
IX-9
mortalities occurred within 20 minutes; a 100 percent mortality occurred
within six hours [Appendix D]. Floating sludge, gas bubbles, and an odor
similar to hydrogen sulfide characterized Bayou d'Inde during the biological
survey. These conditions deteriorated as barge traffic stirred decomposing
sludge from the Bayou bottom. Shrimp placed in the Bayou water were immedi-
ately in distress. Mortalities were probably caused by sulfide toxielty,
but other toxic substances discharged from other industrial sources and/or
PPG Industries or low dissolved oxygen levels may have caused the shritnp
kill. Total mortality during the 6-hour test precluded taste and odor or
extended survival studies. No shrimp mortalities occurred at Control
Stations CR-1 and CR-11.2 during this 6-hour study.
These stations [Table 9-1] are located in the Lower Calcasieu River
so as to have the least possible contamination from industrial wastes.
Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial discharges and closer
to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations. Station CR-11.2 is
located upstream of most industrial discharges and has water with lower
salinity levels than has Station 1.
Shrimp displayed shock as they were placed into submerged baskets in
the 35.5*C River water near the industrial discharge from PPG Industries.
After a 30-minute exposure, a 40 percent shrimp mortality was recorded as
the stream temperature rose to 38°C [Appendix D]. Within 6 hours a 100
percent mortality occurred. The dead shrimp had a pinkish discoloration.
The heated industrial discharges appeared to cause the distress and sub-
sequent mortality to shrimp at this River location.
Bottom sediment samples were collected in the PPG wastewater canal and
-------
v IX-10
t 155
in Bayou d'Inde at a point about 1,000 yards downstream from the mouth of
the canal. The sediment in the canal was found to be composed primarily
of sand, clay, and perhaps stable sludge with an OSI value of only 0.2.
However, in Bayou d'Inde downstream from the canal, the bottom sediments
vere composed of soft black mud with a chemical odor. The OSI value was
found to be 6.6, indicative of an actively decomposing sludge [Table £-1,
Appendix E].
A bottom sediment sample, collected near the mouth of Bayou Verdine,
was composed of soft brown mud having a chemical odor. Although 13 percent
of the sample was volatile at 600"C> the OSI value was relatively low, 0.3.
Sediment samples were analyzed for mercury content. In the PPG
Industries canal, sediments contained 0.3 pg/g mercury. However, sediments
in Bayou d'Inde contained high levels of mercury. Downstream from the canal,
the concentration was 6.0 ug/g mercury; upstream, the level was 2.0 yg/g;
and farther upstream, above all major industrial discharges, the concentra-
tion was 1,7 Vg/g mercury. At the mouth of Bayou Verdine, the mercury
concentration was 1.7 iig/g in the bottom sediment.
DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (October 29, 1969
and August 13, 1970) discharge levels of certain materials based on data
submitted by PPG Industries, Incorporated. [A summary of the informa-
tion from the Commission files is tabulated in Table 9-4.] The total dis-
charge for these three sewers is 297.027 mgd, which is equivalent to 460 cfs.
Further, PPG Industries has filed a permit application with the Corps
of Engineers requesting permission to discharge mercury to a navigable water,
-------
156
tABLE 9-4
PPG INDUSTRIES DISCHARGE LEVELS APPROVED
m LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
IX-11
Parameter
Flow discharged, Bgd
Water bod; receiving
tl (PPG-1)
zes.sss.
Bayou d'lnde
Sever
f2 (PPC-6)
0.926
Bayou Verdine
S3 (PPC-4. 5. SAL
7.116
Bayou Verdine
discharge
Organic material,
Iks/day
Inorganic materials,
Ibs/dsy
CaCl.
CACO,
Cr,
KaCl
NaCO-
SIO,
OrganlC3
Carbon
Asbestos
2,411,582
68,826 Its/day
equivalent Co
28. 5 ppm.
17,302 Iba/day
equivalent to
7.2 ppo.
73
equivalent to
0.03 ppm.
34 Ibs/day
equivalent Co
0.014 ppo.
1,380,417 Ibs/day
equivalent to
572.3 ppm.
16,518 Its/day
equivalent to
6.$ ppo.
91,416 Ibs/day
"equivalent to
37,9 ppn.
113 Ibs/day
equivalent to
0.05 ppm.
19,328 Its/day
equivalent to
8.0 ppm,
10,146 Ibs/day
equivalent to
4.2 ppm.
2,160 Ibs/day
equivalent to
0.90 ppa.
1,080 Ibs/day
equivalent to
0.45 ppa.
7,725,000
279 Ibs/day
equivalent CO
36.1 ppm.
27 Ibs/day
equivalent to
3.5 ppa.
59,379,000
59,613 Ibs/day
equivalent to
1003.9 ppm.
288 Ibs/day
equivalent to
3.8 ppo.
-------
i 157
PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT
Company officials indicated that no additional treatment facilities
are proposed for the next five years.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that:
1. Present practices permit the discharge of mercury, carbonaceous
materials, suspended solids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and heat, constituting
violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC; 401-413),
2. No additional treatment facilities to correct present conditions
are planned by the Company.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is reconmended that;
1, Consideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement pro-
ceedings against the Lake Charles facility of PPG Industries for discharging
inadequately treated industrial wastes containing net daily loads of 0.50
pounds of mercury; 600 pounds of carbonaceous materials; 3,100 pounds of
suspended solids; 9.2 X 10 calories of heat; 95 pounds of tetrachloroethene;
and 240 pounds of trichloroethane, to the Calcasieu River, a navigable stream.
2. The discharge permit, to be issued by the Corps of Engineers,
limit discharges of heavy metals, BOD, COD, TOC, complex organics, suspended
solids, and heat, to levels consistent with best available treatment and the
water quality standards for the Lower Calcasieu River.
-------
158
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES
IN THE CALCASIEU RIVER DEAIMAGE
-------
* 159
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
During the period March 22 through April 13, 1971, investigators from
DFI-DC, EPA, evaluated wastewater treatment and disposal practices of in-
dustries in the Lake Charles, Louisiana area. Findings and recommendations
pertaining to the industries that were discharging significant amounts of
liquid wastes have been presented in individual sections of this report.
The discussion in this section covers industries that were either not oper-
ating or were discharging negligible amounts of waste at the tine of the
investigations tTable 10-1]«
These firms are!
1) Gulf Coast Aluminum Corporation;
2) Gulf Menhaden Company;
3) Gulf States Utilities - Roy S. Nelson Power Station;
4) HDE, Incorporated;
5) International Paper Wood Preserving Division - De Udder Plant;
6) Louisiana Menhaden Company;
7) Ocean Protein, Incorporated;
8) Tenneco Chemicals, Incorporated - Newport Divlsiion;
9) Vancouver Plywood Company, Incorporated - Oakdale Plywood Plant,
Officials of Gulf States Utilities; HDE; International Paper; Tenneco
Chemicals, Incorporated; and Vancouver Plywood Company were contacted in
order to discuss the Industrial wastewater sampling program that DFI-DC
was carrying out in the Calcasieu River Basin, Officials of these companies
were interviewed in a manner similar to that with officials of the larger
-------
TABLE 10-1
INVENTORY OP MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES IN THE CALCASIEU RIVER DRAINAGE
N.ime, Address and
Contact of Industry
Rau Materials
Products
Present Treatment
Remarks
Gulf Coast Aluminum
Corporation
Like Charles, Loululana
C. L. Keigley
green petroleum
coke
A12°3
carbon electrodes coagulation - sedimenta-
aluminum tlon
This Industry Is currently under
construction. Little wastewater
discharge at time of survey. No
samples taken.
Gulf Menhaden Co.
Cameron, Louisiana
W. Saltzman, Plant Manager
Menhaden fish
oil
feed
fertilizer
none
Not In operation during the time
of the survey.
Gulf States Utilities natural gas
Roy S. Nelson Power Station oil standby
Luke Charles, Loulnlana
Fat Brady and Cliff Chambers
electricity
holding pond
HDE, Incorporated
Oakdale, Louisiana
Bill Corbln
logs
hardwood lumber
furniture
No vasteuater treatment required
on this discharge.
InCernnclon.il Paper
Wood Preserving Division
De Rldder Plant
tc Rldder, Louisiana
Mr. Burchflcld, Plant Manager
wood
creosote
pentachlorophenol
vood preservation oxidation ponds to hold-
Ing ponds
Company is considering construction
of additional treatment facilities.
No discharge during the time of the
survey. Discharge is during periods
of high flow in the receiving stream.
X
-------
TABLE 10-1 (Continued)
INVENTORY OF MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES IN THE CALCASIEU RIVER DRAINAGE
Nare, Address, and
Co:-.tact of Industry
Raw Materials
Products
Present Treatment
Remarks
Louisiana Menhaden
Co"p any
Lake Charles, Louisiana
H. C. Dickens, Plant Manager
Menhaden flah
oil
meal
scrap
solubles
complete retention
Not In operation during the time
of the survey.
Oc-an Protein, Incorporated Menhaden fish feed
Cameron, Louisiana meal
Mr. Dasslnger, Plant Manager
none
Not In operation during the time
of the survey.
Teriieco Chemicals,
Incorporated
Newport Division
Oakdale, Louisiana
E. C. Fleming, Plane Manager
crude tall oil
crude sulfate -
turpentine
rosin
vegetable fats
turplnes
oxidation pond
The oxidation pond Is large enough
to store uastewater for one year.
There was no discharge at the time
of the survey. Company discharges
wnsteuater from oxidation pond during
periods of high flov In the receiving
stream. Company Is planning con-
struction of a new wastewatcr treat-
ment facility In the near future.
Vancouver Plywood Company, logs
Incorporated glue
Oakdnle Plywood Plar.t resin
Oal.dalc, Louisiana
Bill Corbln
soft plywood
Complete retention of
all wastcwaters. except
a small amount of non-
contact cooling water.
16
-------
162 x-4
industries whose discharges have been described in previous sections.
The three Menhaden plants (Gulf Menhaden Company, Louisiana Menhaden,
and Ocean Protein, Incorporated) and Gulf Coast Aluminum vere not in oper-
ation during this survey. (It would be appropriate to conduct a sampling
program at these plants when they are in operation. The normal operating
period is from May through October; however, it varies from year to year.)
Louisiana Menhaden and Ocean Protein, Incorporated, have no domestic or
industrial wastewater treatment facilities at present.
Gulf Coast Aluminum is a new industry and had, at the time of the EPA
Investigation, been in operation for only two months. Owing to operational
difficulties the plant had not been able to maintain production. The major
portion of the plant's industrial wastewater is expected to originate in
the process air scrubbing in the aluminum reduction operation. This waste-
water, containing calcium fluoride and aluminum particles, will pass through
settling ponds prior to discharge to the Lower Calcasieu River.
Discussion
Sampling of effluents included single grab samples and 24-hour com-
posites. [These sample results are summarized in Table 10-2.]
Survival studies were conducted on the Lower Calcasieu River near the
discharge from Gulf Coast Aluminum Corporation. Sediment samples from the
Lower River, downstream from the Gulf Coast Aluminum discharge, were also
collected. {In Table 10-3 is a. description of the effluent and sampling
./
stations.]
During the time of the survey, International Paper's Wood Preserving
Division and Tenneco Chemicals, Incorporated, were not discharging waste-
water. These two industries store water in holdlne pon<1<5 during IT-T stream
-------
TABLE 10-2
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS-'
a/
Stn Date
CR-1 4/25
TEN-1 4/15
IPC-1 4/19
UDE-1 4/19-4/20
VAN-1 4/19-4/20
GSU-1 4/22-4/23
CSU-2 4/22-4/23
Conductivity Temp . Solids Oil &
Flow jH jimhoE^cm *C TOC COD— mR/1 Grease
Tvpe cud range ranRe comp rnnRe mfi/1 mt>/l total 8U3P mR/1
Crab 8.8, 11s/ 11,200 17
Crab 7.4 2.000 18.5 430 1,300 1,720 132 177
Grab 7.0-7.4 90-165 230 20-27 130 460 599 188 26
-1 136 31 100 212 78
Composlte-
2 hr. Interval
Composite- 7.0-8.2 180-280 250 20-24 j 13 252 54
2 hr. Interval !
Composite- 7.1-7.3 580-850 450 22-24 320 24
6 hr. Interval
Composite- 4.31 7.1-7.2 1,200-1.700 1,480 28-32 914 24
6 hr. Interval
al Analytical proceduren are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ COD analyses were maile when TOC values exceeded 20 mg/1.
c/ Two composite sampleii taken (morning and afternoon).
Al All composites are 24 hours.
*
X
Ln
163
-------
TABLE 10-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Sta
CK-1
TEN-1
IFC-1
HDE-1
VAN-1
GSU-1
GSU-2
Cadmium
mR/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
iriR/1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Mercury Copper
PK/1 niR/1
3.9
0.1 0.04
<0.1
<0.1
0.4 0.07
0.6 0.21
Lead
mR/1
0.1
<0. 1
<0.1
-------
165 x"7
TABLE 10-3
DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number. r Description and Remarks
CR-1 Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (above intracoastal water-
way) near Channel Marker 92.
CR-1.1 Devil's Elbow Coral (Gulf Aluminum Channel), at Channel Marker 4.
CR-1.2 Devil's Elbow Canal at the industrial discharge canal of Gulf
Coast Aluminum,
TEN-1 Sample collected at the treatment pond effluent weir bos of Tenneco
Chemicals, Incorporated at Oakland, Louisiana. Wastewater is dis-
charged only during periods of high water flow in the Calcasieu
River. There was no discharge during the survey.
IPC-1 Samples collected from a point near the outfall of the last treat-
ment pond of Internation Paper Company, De Ridder, Louisiana,
These ponds discharge only during periods of high water flow with-
in Palmetto Creek (a tributary to Bundick Creek). There was no
discharge from these ponds during the survey.
HDE-1 Samples from HDE, Incorporated, Oakdale, Louisiana, Collected
near a puap house adjacent to their old wood burning yard, prior
to entering the Calcasieu River. Unable to measure flow due to
insufficient quantity of wastewater.
VAN-1 Samples collected of cooling water effluent at a bridge approxi-
mately one-half mile south of the Oakdale Plywood plant of Vancouver
Plywood Company. Unable to measure flow due to insufficient
quantity of water.
GSU-1 Cooling water supply from the Houston River of Gulf States Utilities.
Samples collected at the intake pump.
GSU-2 Cooling water effluent to the Houston River of Gulf States Utilities,
-------
166
X-8
flow periods and make discharges at a given rate during high flow periods.
Grab samples were collected from the holding ponds for the purpose of
obtaining estimates of the quality of the effluent that is released during
high flow into the receiving waters (Palmetto Creek and Upper Calcasieu
River, respectively). The analytical results indicate that the effluents
stored in the holding ponds contain large quantities of oil and grease,
solids, and COD.
Wastewater discharges from HDE and the Vancouver Plywood Company were
negligible, containing only small amounts of pollutant materials.
Gulf States Utilities uses water from the Houston River for once-
through cooling. The plant returns this water to the River through a
large settling pond.
Shrimp placed in the canal adjacent to Gulf Coast Aluminum (Station
CR-1.2), after six hours had acquired no significant off-odor or off-
flavor [Appendix D],
Survival bioassays, also conducted in the canal (Stations CR-1.2 and
CR-1.1) adjacent to the aluminum company, showed no significant mortality
after 24 hours when compared to shrimp located at the Control Stations
(CR-11,2 and CR-1). Longer term bioassay results were not obtained
because baskets of shrimp at these two canal stations (CR-1.2 and CR-1.1)
were damaged or lost between the 24- and 48-hour examinations.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that: Officals of the Louisiana Wildlife and
Fisheries Commission be requested to notify the Office of Enforcement,
EPA, when the Calcasieu River Basin area facilities of International Paper
-------
167
X-9
Company, Tenneco Chemicals, Incorporated, and Gulf Coast Aluminum Corpor-
ation resume operation and/or begin discharging Industrial effluents so
that waste treatment and disposal practices by these industries nay be
evaluated by the Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center.
-------
168
ANCILLARY SAMPLING
FOR
MERCURY
-------
169 xi-i
GENERAL INFORMATION
Earlier investigations in the Lake Charles area, by various State and
Federal agencies, have shown that fish and other aquatic life contain high
concentrations of mercury. As a result of these earlier investigations,
pressure was brought to bear upon local industries to eliminate discharges
of mercury. PPG Industries recently installed a mercury treatment cell
that reduces daily discharge loads of mercury from 14,4 to 0.50 Ibs.
More recent studies indicate that aquatic life in both the Upper and
Lower Calcasleu River continues to contain significant concentrations of
mercury in flesh and viscera.
Because of this fact, ancillary sampling of streams, bottom deposits,
and sewage treatment plant effluents, was carried out at the time of the
industrial waste treatment evaluations in order to identify sources of the
mercury.
Seven municipal wastewater treatment facilities were Investigated.
Contacts with a superintendent or chief operator were made at each plant.
These officials were advised that the information was being gathered in
conjunction with a water quality survey of the Calcasieu River Basin.
Four of the plants (Lake Charles A, Lake Charles B and C, Westlake,
and Sulphur Southside) were sampled over a 24-hour period, commencing on
April 27, primarily to determine the existence of any mercury discharges.
Aliquots based upon flow were composited at 6-hour intervals. These four
plants represent about 95 percent ol the sewage flow in the Lake Charles
area. [The information collected at each plant is recorded in fable 11-1.]
Both water and sediment were collected in the receiving waters below
the Lake Charles and Westlake wastewater treatment plants.
-------
TABLE 11-1
MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCES IN THE LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA AREA
Treatment Facility
Lake Charles
Plant A
I.CWTF-A
Lake Charles
Plants B and C
LCWTF-B&C
Sulphur
South Side Plant
SSHFF
West lake
WWTF
Greenwich Terrace
Lake Charles
Kapleuood
Sampling. Location
At ?arshall flume
just after final
clarlfiers
Juat after chlo-
rine contact cham-
ber at weir
At end of 24"
outfall line
Effluent from
chlorine contact
chrnber
None
Nonit
Receiving Water
Calcasleu River
Contraband Bayou
Drainage to
Bayou d'Inde
Bagdad Bayou
Kayauchbee Creek
to English Bnyou
Maple Fork to
Type of
Treatment
Conventional
Activated
Conventional
Activated
Sludge (Plant
High Rate
Activated
Sludge (Plant
Trickling
Filter
Trickling
Filter
Trickling
Filter
Conventional
Pop.
Served
55,000
25.000
B)
C)
10.000
4.000
2.000
500
Design
Flow
MOD
6.0
6.2
(est.)
1.0
(eat.)
0.7
(est.)
0.200
Unknown
Flow
MGD
4.5
3.0
(est.)
1.0
(est.)
0.8
Unknown
Cond
Range
ymhos/cra
1,000-
1.250
840-
1.700
600-
1,200
650-
1.800
Temp Total Susp Mer-
*C Solids Solids cury
ranee Ibs/dav Ibs/dav Iba/day
24-25 31.800 340 0.026
24-25 28.500 1.400 0.010
23-24. 5 3.700 280 0.008
22-24.5 3.700 300 0.003
Sulphur
Roeepark Subdivision
Hon.:
Bayou d'Inde Activated
Sludge
Bayou d'Inde Trickling
Filter
5,000 Unknown Unknown
X
I—I
I
-------
17
XI-3
SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
The total mercury discharged by the four plants was approximately 0.05
Ibs per day, with 50 percent of this amount being discharged by Lake
Charles Plant A. [Results of the effluent sampling at the four plants are
contained in Table 11-1. Mercury concentrations in the water and sediment
samples taken from the receiving waters, along with other constituents, are
recorded in Table 11-2.]
Sediment samples from Contraband Bayou, downstream from Lake Charles
Plants B and C, gave evidence of gross degradation. The black, soft mud,
containing 31 percent volatile material, produced the highest OSI value (13)
recorded in the Lake Charles area and can be characterized only as a very
actively decomposing sludge. The mercury concentration in this sludge was
2.6 yg/g (dry weight basis).
Bottom mud from the Calcasieu River, downstream from the discharge
from Plant A (Station CR-15), contained much less volatile material (17
percent) than in Contraband Bayou. Since the River is a much larger body
of water than is the Bayou, sludge discharged by Plant A would naturally
\
be dispersed over a larger area. The OSI value of 1.9 was considerably
lower than the OSI value from the mud in Contraband Bayou and represents
Kore moderate quantities of decaying sludge. The mercury content of this
sludge was 1.7 pg/g.
About one mile upstream, the Westlake treatment plant discharges to
Bagdad Bayou. The sludge at the mouth of this bayou had an OSI value of
0.56, with an organic carbon snd organic nitrogen content of 3.55 percent
and 0.16 percent, respectively. These numbers are indicative of a sludge
-------
TABLE 11-2
SUMMARY OF THE ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
AT SELECTED STATIONS BELOW MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
. Condi' Temp5/ .
Sta Type _J>H uir.hos/cm *C TOC^ Org C OTR N OS I Volatile Solids mg/l Metals
No Description Sample range range range mg/1 X Z Z Total Su3p Mercury
CR-10 Contraband Bayou. water 6.9-7.5' 7,500-7,600 24-25 12.5 A.700 18
Just downstream from (4/25/71)
Lake diaries waste-
water treatment sediment 7.46 1.79 13 34 2.6 ug/g
plant (B & C) discharge
CR-14 Bagdad Bnyou, near water. 7.1-8.8 3,500-4,200 22-23.5 8.5-11 2,010 20
mouth downstream from
the WcBtlake waace- sediment 3.55 0.16 0.56 10 14, ug/g
water treatment
plant
CR-15 Lower Calcasleu River water 7.4-7.9 6,300-8.700 21-23 11 • 58.70 13 3.7 ug/g
downstream from the
discharge from Lake sediment 4.45 0.42 1.9 17 1.7 ug/g
Charles waatewater
treatment Plant A
a/ Two samples collected on April 25, 1971.
X
i—i
I
.e-
-------
173
XI-5
that is mostly stabilized or is exerting a slow oxygen demand. The mercury
content of the sludge was 1.4 yg/g.
Mercury concentrations in the sludge deposits downstream from the
treatment plants were significantly higher than those In sludge from most
other areas of the Calcasieu liver Basin, It is hypothesized that, since
most elemental mercury entering a sewage treatment plant is settled in the
clarifiers, the mercury concentrations observed in bottom sediments near
plant outfalls may be indicative of intermittent discharges of sludge. The
findings of only minor amounts of mercury in municipal plant effluents are
consistent with this hypothesis.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that;
It is not possible, based upon the findings of these investigations,
to draw positive conclusions regarding mercury sources in the Calcasieu
River Basin. Facts that bear upon this matter include:
a) The dispersion of industrial waste discharges, throughout
the Lower Calcasieu River, by tides;
b) The seasonal migration of fish past the saltwater barrier;
c) The inconclusive results of mercury sampling in sewage treat-
ment plant effluents; and
d) The lack of conclusive information regarding mercury sources
In the Calcasieu River and tributaries.
-------
174
XI-6
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1} Arrangements be concluded between the Enforcement Officer,
Region VI, EPA, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, the Food and
Drug Administration, and the Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission,
to monitor mercury concentations in fish samples from the Calcasieu River
Basin.
2) If, after sufficient time has passed, i.e., to ameliorate the
effects of earlier mercury discharges, presently observed symptoms of
mercury pollution persist, a comprehensive survey of the Calcasieu
River drainage area be conducted to identify the source(s) of mercury,
3) EPA Air Quality personnel examine industrial stack gases in the
Lake Charles area to evaluate the possibility of the fallout of rscrcury
upon the Calcasieu watershed being a significant taercury contributor to
the waters of the Calcasieu River.
-------
175
REFERENCES
I/ Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 33 U.S.C. 401-413, Section 407
referred to as Refuse Act of 1899.
2/ Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. 466 et seq, as
amended by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1961-(PL 87-88), the Water Quality Act of 1965-(PL 89-234) , the
Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966-(PL 89-753), and the Water
Quality Improvement Act of 1970-(PL 91-224),
_3/ U. S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Service
Administration Coast and Geodectic Survey, Atlantic Coast Sixth
(1967) Edition 163-165.
-------
176
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A — APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS
APPENDIX B — CUSTODY OF SAMPLES
APPENDIX C — BIOLOGICAL STUDY METHODS FOR PALATABILITY AND
SURVIVAL STUDIES
Lover Caleasieu River, Louisiana
(April 20-24, 1971)
APPENDIX D — RESULTS OF PALATABILITY AND SURVIVAL STUDIES
Lower Calcasieu liver, Louisiana
(April 20-24, 1971)
APPENDIX E — ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLES
Calcasieu River, Louisiana
(April 1971)
APPENDIX F — ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
APPENDIX G — SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
-------
177 A_t
APPENDIX A
APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS
General
The Calcasleu River is a navigable waterway In law and in fact.—
Large ocean-going vessels travel up the Calcasleu River to Westlake,
Louisiana. The remainder of the Calcasieu River upstream of Westlake Is
also used for navigation. Similarly, the lower portion of the Calcasleu
River complex can be classified as a coastal water in that tidal influ-
ences are felt for significant distances upstream of the point where the
Calcasieu Joins the Gulf of Mexico. In compliance with the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, as amended, the State of Louisiana established water
quality standards for interstate streams, coastal waters, and streams dis-
charging Into coastal waters. These standards were approved by the
Secretary of the Interior. The Calcasieu River is also subject to the pro-
visions of Section 407 of the 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act (the Refuse Act),
and the oil discharge regulations established pursuant to the Water Quality
Improvement Act of 1970,
WaterQuality Standards
The State of Louisiana divided the Calcasieu River from the Gulf of
Mexico to its origin Into three distinct zones for the purpose of establish-
ing water quality standards: (1) Zone 1, the Calcasleu River from its
origin to the Salt Water Barrier; (2) Zone 2, the Calcasieu River from the
Salt Water Barrier to the upper end of Moss Lake; and (3) Zone 3, that
portion of the Calcasleu River from the upper end of Moss Lake to the Gulf
of Mexico. Louisiana State Water Quality Standards for the Calcasleu River
-------
t 178 A-2
describe a series of present uses of that river. They are industrial
supply, primarily cooling water in the Lake Charles area; propagation of
aquatic life for commercial fishing. Including shellfish; irrigation water
for considerable acreage of river; recreational use, including water contact
sports; navigational use from the Lake Charles area to the Gulf of Mexico;
and finally, carriage of municipal and industrial wastes.
Conditionally, the State Indicated that they expected changes in the
usage of this water with the progression of time. Primarily, these changes
will take the form of municipal water supply in the upper reaches, carriage
of treated municipal and Industrial wastes in the lower area, and increased
use for industrial supply.
No water quality standards have been established for the following
tributaries: Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine, Contraband Bayou, English Bayou,
Houston River, Mill Creek and Palmetto Creek, all intrastate waters. The
Standards established for the Calcasleu River follow.
Zone 1 .-...JTheRiver from Its Origin to the Salt Water Barrier
General criteria were established in Zone 1 by the Louisiana State
Stream Control.Comaission in 1963. These criteria state that no discharge
to Zone 1 shall result In conditions in the stream that will adversely
affect the public health or use of the water (i.e. municipal and industrial
supplies, recreation, propagation of aquatic life, etc.).
Specific criteria are as follows:
pH From 6.0 to 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen Not less than 50 percent saturation at
existing water temperature.
-------
179
A-3
Temperature
Oil and Grease
Toxic Materials
Not to be raised more than 3°C above
normal ambient water temperature nor
to exceed an absolute maximum of 36°C.
No oil slicks of free or floating oil
are present in sufficient quantities
to interfere with the designated uses
nor shall emulsified oils be present
in the same quantity.
None present in quantities that alone
or in combination will be toxic to
animals or plant life, but In all
cases the level shall not exceed a
TLM,
No foaming or frothing
materials
Collform Density 1600/100 ml, calculated as the most
probable number, as a monthly mean.
However, 10 percent of the samples may
exceed the previous number up to
5420/100 ml in any one month.
Other Materials Limits on other substances not hereto-
fore specified shall be in accordance
with recommendations set by the
Louisiana Stream Control Commission
and/or by the Louisiana State Board of
Health for municipal raw water sources.
Zone 2-The Calcasieu River from the Salt Water Barrier
totheUpperEnd of Hoss Lake
General criteria for this zone indicate that, at present, the water is
suitable for propagation of aquatic life, recreation, navigation, and low
grade industrial supply when necessary adaptations are made by Industry.
No discharge is to be permitted that will result in stream conditions that
will adversely affect public health, propagation and harvesting of aquatic
life, recreation and navigation, or impose additional burdens of adaptation
on industrial use.
-------
A-4
Specific criteria for Zone 2 are shown in the following table:
pH
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature
Oil and Grease
Toxic Materials
6.0 to 8.5
Hot less than 50 percent saturation at
the existing temperature.
Hot to be raised more than 3*C above
normal ambient water temperature nor
to exceed an absolute maximum of 36*C,
There shall be no slicks of free or
floating oil present in sufficient
quantities to interfere with the
designated uses nor shall emulsified
oils be present in the same quantity.
None present in quantities that alone
or in combination will be toxic to
animals or plant life, but in all cases
the level shall not exceed a TLM
'48/10*
No foaming or frothing
materials
Colifortns The monthly median for colifomt density
shall not exceed 542/100 ml (MPN) nor
shall this count exceed 1750/100 ml in
more than 10 percent of the samples in
any one month.
Zone 3 - The Calcasieu^JRiver from, the. .Upper End of Moss^ Lake
lo the Gulf of Mexico
The general criteria for this zone indicate that during periods of
low flow the high mineral content of the water approaches that of the
marine water itself. This mineral content is caused by tidal intrusion.
Therefore, no discharge shall produce conditions in the stream adversely
affecting public health or the use of waters for propagation and harvesting
of aquatic life, recreation, or navigation.
-------
18.
A-5
Specific criteria for this zone are as follows;
pH From 6.0 to 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature
Oil and Grease
Toxic Materials
Hot less than 60 percent saturation at
existing vater temperature.
Not to be raised more than 3"C above
normal ambient water temperature nor
to exceed an absolute maximum of 36"C.
No oil slicks of free or floating oil
are present in sufficient quantities
to interfere with the designated uses
nor shall emulsified oils be present
In the same quantity.
None present in quantities that alone
or in combination will be toxic to
animals or plant life, but in all cases
a level shall not exceed a TLM
No foaming or frothing
materials
Coliforms
"48/10"
The monthly ntedian shall not exceed
70/100 ml nor shall this count exceed
230/100 ml in more than 10 percent of
the samples in any one month.
The Rivers and Harbors. Act of 1899 (Refuse Act)
The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 prohibits the discharge of Indus-
trial wastes to navigable waters without a permit from the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers. Section 407 of the Act (referred to as the Refuse Act)
makes it unlawful to discharge from any "... manufacturing establishment,
or mill or any kind, any refuse matter of any kind or description whatever,
other than that flowing from streets and sewers and passing therefrom in a
liquid state, into any navigable water of the United States, or into any
tributary of any navigable water from which the same shall float or be
-------
washed into such navigable water ..." provided that a discharge may be
permitted under certain conditions specified by the Corps of Engineers.
Executive Order No. 11574, Administration of the Refuse Act Permit
Program, signed by President Nixon on December 23, 1970, tightens enforce-
ment of the Refuse Act of 1899 by requiring that all sources of industrial
vastes discharging to navigable waters or their tributaries must apply to
the Corps of Engineers for permits to continue such discharges. All
sources of industrial wastes investigated during this study will thus need
to apply for such permits.
WaterQuality ImprovementAct of1970
On September 11, 1970, Federal regulations regarding the discharge of
oil to navigable waters were established pursuant to the provisions of
Section ll(b)(3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by
the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970. This legislation required the
President to publish, in the Federal Register, rules regarding the allow-
able discharge of oil to navigable water from any source. Subsequently,
the President published rules which specifically stated:
(1) That discharges of oil shall not occur in amounts which violate
applicable water quality standards, or;
(2) That discharges of oil shall not occur in amounts to cause a
film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface of the water
or adjoining shorelines or cause a sludge or emulsion to be
deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining
shorelines.
-------
r 183
APPENDIX B
CUSTODY OF SAMPLES
Special procedures were employed during the field investigations of
waste sources in the Calcasieu River Basin to insure that a chain of
custody was documented for water quality samples potentially useful as
evidence for enforcement actions. This documentation was designed to
maintain a record of the collection and source of each sample, as well as
of the personnel Involved in the handling, preparation, and disposition of
each.
A unique "custody" number was assigned to each of the Company's waste
effluent samples collected. This number was recorded on the sample tag,
the corresponding "custody" information sheet, and on the laboratory receipt
log.
As each sample was collected, a labeled tag was attached to each
bottle or container. The tray information recorded on the tag included
the "custody" number; the sampling station number and description; the tine
and date of collection; the types of analyses to be performed on the sample
by the laboratory; the types of preservatives added Jsee Appendix C,
Analytical Procedures]; and the personnel collecting the sample and per-
forming the sample preservation. Sample containers were placed in plastic
bags and the bags sealed with paper tape bearing the Initials of the indi-
vidual packaging the sample. The intact seal and bag guaranteed the
integrity of the sample during shipment.
A special "custody" information sheet was prepared for each "custody"
number assigned. In addition to information being recorded on the sample
-------
t 184 B-2
tag, the Informacion sheet recorded the laboratory to which the sample
was sent, the time and method of shipment, and the carrier. Federal
Government bills-of-lading provided additional records of the shipments
made.
Upon arrival of each shipment at its destination, laboratory personnel
recorded the time and date of receipt; the number and type of samples
received; and the analyses to be performed. This documentation procedure
maintained a "custody" record for the fleid-to-the-laboratory transit.
Each analytical laboratory involved (Division of Field Investigations-
Denver Center; Division of Field Investigations-Cincinnati Center; Analytical
Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio; and the Southeast Water
Laboratory, Athens, Georgia) then maintained custody of each sample, using
procedures and records standard for the specific laboratory.
This special "custody" documentation was employed for industrial
waste effluent samples only. No "custody" numbers were assigned for water
and sediment samples collected from streams. Normal documentation pro-
cedures including tagging of samples, as discussed above, and logging of
field measurements were followed.
-------
C-l
185
APPENDIX C
STUDY METHODS
Common white, or lake, shrimp (Penaeus setiferua), sized from 90-110 nra,*
were used for survival and palatability studies in the Lower Calcasieu River.
Shrimp were captured by bottom seining at 5-minute intervals in Lake
Calcasieu near Turner's Bay. The catch was released from the seining net
into a. holding tub. These test shrimp were transferred, with extreme care,
employing a nylon dipnet, or by hand, from the tub to an aerated acclimation
tank filled with clean water from Lake Prein. Shrimp exposure out of the
water was kept to a minimum.
After a 24-hour acclimation period in the tank, less than ten percent
of the shrimp were found in distress or dead because of the previous day's
netting and handling. These were culled from the tank. Live, healthy
shrimp were taken from the holding tank, decapitated, wrapped in foil, and
frozen with dry ice for use as a taste and odor reference sample. The re-
maining live, healthy shrinp were used for survival and palatability tests.
At selected stations, wire, minnow baskets were attached to floats
and suspended "at 1-foot depths in the River. Cloth net bags, measuring
12 by 24 inches and having a mesh opening of one-quarter inch, were placed
inside the baskets. Live shrimp were carefully transferred from the hold-
Ing tank to cloth net bags inside the wire baskets. This basket apparatus
permitted free circulation of liver water through the cages, retained the
test shrimp, and reduced predation by crabs.
* Determined by measuring from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the
telson.
-------
186
C-2
Flavor and Odor Evaluation (Field and Laboratory Procedures)
Baskets, each containing six shrimp, vere placed at control stations
and near the Company's effluents in the Lover Calcasieu River and its tri-
butaries. After a 6-hour Eiver exposure near the Company's discharge, the
shrimp vere retrieved and examined. Survivors vere decapitated, wrapped,
in foil, and frozen with dry ice. These frozen shrimp were shipped to the
Department of Food Science and Technology at Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oregon, for flavor and odor evaluations by a panel of experi-
enced judges.
Odor Test — At the Oregon State University facility, the wrapped,
frozen shrimp were transferred from the shipping container to a -10BF
freezer. Later, the shrimp were removed from the freezer and placed at
40*F. until defrosted, then cooked in eight ounces of unsalted boiling
water for five minutes. The cooked shrimp were quickly peeled and then
tightly wrapped with plastic film. The cooking water was poured into
100 nl beakers and the beaker then tightly covered with aluminum foil.
Each respective sample of shrimp and cooking water was placed on a plate
coded with a 3-digit random number.
The reference sample* was divided into four portions, two of which
were placed on coded plates and the other two on plates marked "Ref."
These shrimp were then alloted to two groups and placed on opposite counters
for odor testing, with the first sample in each group being a "Ref" sample.
Half of the judges smelled one group first and then smelled the other,
* Shrimp that were kept in aerated Lake Frlen water and not exposed to
River water near Industrial discharges.
-------
C-3
187
with a 3- to 5-oinute wait between groups. The judges were asked to sniff
both the shrimp and the cooking water and score the intensity of "off-odor"
as related to the reference sample. Re-sniffir.g the reference sample was
allowed. Thirty minutes after the first odor test was completed, the
plates were receded with new 3-dlgit random numbers, the order changed,
i"id a second test conducted by the same ten judges.
Flavor Test — Each shrimp was cut Into four pieces and each respec-
tive sample mixed, then served In paper cups coded with 3-digit random
numbers. The coded cups were randomly placed on two serving trays, each
of which contained a. labeled and a coded "Ref" sample. The trays were
served in balanced order to the judges seated in individual testing booths
lighted with yellow-orange light. The Judges were asked to score the
degree of "off-flavor" and the overall desirability o£ the samples on a
7-polnt scale. (O^extreme "off-flavor" and 7«no "off-flavor.") Because
the sample size varied from one to six shrimp, only five judges were served
on the flavor panel. Because there was only one shrimp In four of the
96-hour exposure samples, only two judges received these samples.
.Survival. Tests
Baskets, each containing ten shrimp, were placed at "flavor evaluation
test" stations and elsewhere. These shrimp were used as test animals for
96-hour survival studies. At the termination of each 24-hour exposure
period, mortalities were recorded and the surface water near each basket
was tested for pH, temperature, and salinity.
Shrimp that survived the 96-hour exposure were tested for flavor in
*
the manner described above.
-------
188
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l
PALATAJILm1 OF WHITE SHRIMP FOLLOWING A 6-HOUR EXPOSURE
IH THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April 20, 1971)
Station
Reference
CE-11.2
cm-ii
CR-6
CR-7
CR-6.1
CR-6
CR-5
Cl-3
CR-2
CR-1.2
CR-1
Total Jude
LSD (05)S/
Nearest Industrial.
Discharge
.
Control Station
Olin Barge Canal
Olin Tailings Pond
PPG Industries,' Incorporated
Cities Service
fires tone
Cit-Con
PPG Industries, Incorporated
Hercules
Cities Service
V. R. Grace
Davlson Chemical Division
Gulf Coast Aluminum
Control Station
aents
Off-Odor
5.57
5.72
2.85
5.35
-
-
-
5.05
.
5.62
5.60
20
0.62
Off-Flavor
5.60
6.40
2.50
5.40
-
• -
.
4.30
_
4.90
5.20
5
1.47
Over-all
Desirability
5,30
3.70
2.20
5.50
0.0*'
Q.O4'
O.O*'
3.20.
0.0^
0.0^
4.70
5.10
5
1.71
«_/ Dead shrimp were considered unpalatable and were not tested for flavor or
odor.
b/ LSD (05) refers to the least significant difference at the 5 percent level.
Data from above stations were examined by analysis of variance.
-------
183
TABLE D-2
PALAIABILlfY OF WHITE SHIM? FOLLOWING A 96-HOUR EXPOSURE
IS TOE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April 20-24, 1971)
Station
Reference
CR-11.2
CR-11.1
Cl-11
Cl-8.1
C8-8
CR-7
CR-6.1
CR-6
CR-5.1
CR-5
CR-4.2
CR-4.1
CR-3.3
CR-3.2
Cl-3.1
CS-3
CR-2.1
CR-2
CR-1.2
CR-1.1
CR-1
Nearest Industrial
Discharge
.
Control Station
Control Station
Olin Barge Canal
Olin Tailings Pond
Olin Tailings Pond
PPG
Cities Service
Firestone
Cit-Con
PPG
Hercules
Hercules
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
w. R. Grace
W. R. Grace
Gulf Coast Aluminum
Culf Coast Aluminum
Control Station
Total Judgments
LSD (05)i/
Off-Odor
5.62
4.50
5.82
-
_
5.55
•
.
«•
.
S.27
.
.
^
_
-
_
_
_
—
5.72
6.02
20
0.77
Off-Flavor
5.30
5.10
5.75
_
_
4.50
-
- •
^
_
2.50
.
.
.
«(
H.
_
W>
.
^
3.50
5.40
5
1.20
Over-all
Desirability
4.50
4.80 .
5,75='
O.Or/
_ sJ
3,25^
0.0£/
0 § O1—
ft 0™s
0.0^.
1.75s-'
0.0^
o.o^-(
0.0^%
0.0^,
0.0^,
0.0^-^
0.0^^
o.oR
_ •=/
2.25^
5.20
5
1.75
_•/ Only one shrinsp tested.
b/ Cages vere lost or damaged before 96 hours hid passed.
cj Dead shrimp were considered unpalatable and were not tested for
* flavor or odor.
d/ LSD (05) refers to the least significant difference at the 5 percent
level. Data were examined by analysis of variance.
-------
TABLE D-3
RESULTS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP 96-HOUR SURVIVAL STUDIES TESTS
CONDUCTED IN THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April 20-24, 1971)
Station
CR-11.2
CR-11.1
CR-11
CR-8.1
CR-8
CR-7
CR-6.1
Nearest Industrial
Discharge
Control Station
Control Station
Olin Corporation Barge Canal
Olin Corporation Tailings Pond
Olin Corporation Tailings Pond
PPG
Cities Service, Firestone, and
Cit-Con
Exposure Time
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
9 6 -hour
Initial
24-hour .
48-hour5^
Initial
24-hour
Initial .
24-hour17
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
96-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
In Situ
Alive
10
9
8
8
5
10
8
10
0
10
10
6
5
3
1
10
0
10
0
Bioassay
Dead
0
1
2
2
5
0
2
0
10
0
0
4
5
7
9
0
10
10
10
Percent Survival
100
90
80
80
50
100
80
100
0
100
100
60
50
30
10
100
0
0
0
&f Cage with nhrlmp lost or damaged.
-------
TABLE D-3 (Continued)
RESULTS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP 96-HOUR SURVIVAL STUDIES TESTS
CONDUCTED IN THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April 20-24, 1971)
Station
CR-6
CR-5.1
CR-5
CR-A.2
CR-4.1
CR-3.3
CR-3.2
CR-3.1
CR-3
Nearest Industrial
Discharge
PPG Industries, Inc.
Hercules Company
Uercules Company
Cities Service
Cities Service (Butyl Rubber Plant)
Cities SErvice (refinery)
Cities Service (refinery)
Cities Service (refinery)
Cities Service (refinery) * Q -
Exposure Time
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
96-hour
Initial
24 -hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
In Situ
Alive
10
0
10
0
10
6
4
3
1
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
Bioassav
Dead
0
10
0
10
0
4
6
7
9
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
Percent Survival
100
0
100
0
100
60
40
30
10
100
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
100 «j>
0 *-
100
0
-------
TABLE D-3 (Continued)
RESULTS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP 96-HOUR SURVIVAL STUDIES TESTS
CONDUCTED IN THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April 20-24, 1971)
Station
CR-2.1
CR-2
CR-1.2
CR-1.1
CR-1
Nearest Industrial
Discharge
W. R. Grace Davlson
Chemical Division
W. R. Grace Davlson
Chemical Division
Gulf Coast Aluminum Company
Gulf Coast Aluminum Company
Control Station
Exposure Time
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour .
48-hour5^
Initial
24-hour .
48-hour^7
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
96-hour
In Situ
Alive
10
0
10
0
10
8
10
8
10
8
8
8
5
Bloassay
Dead
0
10
0
10
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
2
5
Percent Survival
100
0
100
0
100
80
100
80
100
80
80
80
50
-------
AFPKNDIX E
TABLE E-l
ANALYTICAL 'RESULTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMKNT SAMPLES-CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April. 1971)
Station*'
Number
CR-1
CR-1.2
CR-2
CR-3.2
CR-5
CR-6
CR-6.1
CR-6. 2
CR-7
1971
Date
4/22
4/22
4/22
4/22
4/22
4/5:2
4/22
4/74
4/22
Time
1145
1225
1310
1330
1115
1420
1350
1700
1440
Water
Depth
ft
2.0
4.0
. 3.0
30.0
1.0
12.0
15.0
4.0
Type—
of bottom
soft mud
soft mud
greyish-
white
sediment
black
soft
sediment
fine sand
soft mud
soft mud
blnck
muck
soft
brown
sediment
Odor^' Volatlles
of bottom Z
none 7.6
petro- 5.0
chemical
none 7.7
petro- 19
chemical
0.7
chemical 7.9
H2S 20
septic . 19
chemical 13.0
Org
Carbon
Z
2.76 .
2.52
1.20
8.88
1
1
0.19
1.96
9.03
7.41
3.61
Nitrogen OS I
Z
0.189 0.52
0.06 0.15
0.209 0.25
0.318 2.8
0.029 0.01
3.41 6.6
0.375 3.4
0.423 3.1
0.082 0.30
Sediment
Type
II
I
I
III
I
IV
III
III
I
Mercury2'
Utt/tt
<0.2
<0.2
0.9
5.4
0.1
6.0
2.0
1.7
1.3
193
-------
TABLE E-l (Continued)
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OP BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLES-CALCASIEU RIVER. LOUISIANA
(April, 1971)
Station*'
Number
CR-8
CR-10
CR-11
CR-14
CR-15
CR-18
MC-1
MC-2
PC-1
Water
. 1971 Depth
Date Time ft
4/22 1100 1.5
4/22 1630 6.0
4/i!2 1510 35.0
4/25
4/25
4/Z5
4/27
4/27
4/27
Type^ Odor^ Volatllea
of bottom of bottom Z
•oft mud HjS 7.9
•oft mud organic 34
soft mud slight 22.0
petro-
chemical
10
17
13
3.8
25
1.9
Org
Carbon
Z
1.98
7.46
4.92
3.55
4.45
3.99
1.08 |
I
0.89
Nitrogen
Z
0.123
1.79
0.249
0.158
0.419
0.343
3.78
0.064
OSI
0.24
13
1.2
0.56
1.9
1.4
4.1
0.06
Sediment
Type
I
IV
III
II
III
III
III
I
Mercury5'
UK/It
0.5
2.6
0.7
1.4
1.7
0.9
0.2
0.4
All samples collected with an Elunan Dredge. For description of stations ••• Table R-2.
b/ General appearance and ojor -»t time of collections.
cj Results baaed on dry weight, ' Samples were dried at 35*C for two days.
W
K3
194
-------
f 195
E-3
TABLE 1-2
DESCRIFTIOK Of SEDIMENT SAMPLING
POINTS - CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
Section _ Station jiescription
CR-1 Lover Calcasieu River, near Calcasieu Landing (upstream of intra-
coiital waterway) near Channel Hacker 92,
d-1.2 Devils Elbov Canal at the industrial discharge canal of Gulf Coast
AltiaiBua,
CR-2 Lover Calcasieu Siver, near Viacents Landing (at the discharge froa
U. ft. Grace aad Company).
Cl-3.2. Lower Calcasieu River, vest shore at industrial discharge of Citits
Service refinery.
Qt-S Lover Ctlcasieu River near Channel, Marker 108 (downstream of
iereulea effluent).
d,-€ Bayou d'Inde at a gas lint crossing approximately 1,000 yards
southeast of PPC discharge canal.
CR-6.1 Bayou d'Inde, ciovrascream from Firestone, Cic-Con, and froo Cities
Service petrochemical plane.
CR-6.2 Bayou d'Inde, upstream of Firestone, Cit-Con, and of Cities Service
petrochetLical plane.
CR-7 Bayou Verdine, northvest of Coon Island.
CR-fi Lower Calcasieu River, east shore of Coon Island, near the discharge
froa Olln tailings pond.
CS-10 Contraband Bayou, downstream from Lake Charles vastevater treatment
facility (Plant A and B) discharge.
CB.-11 Lover Calcasieu River at mouth of Olin barge slip, northvest of
Clooney Island.
CR-14 Near mouth of Bagdad Bayou at highway bridge.
CR-1S Lover Caicisieu River at Ryan Street dovnstrcan from Lake Charles
vaatevater treatment facility (Plant A) effluent.
CR-18 Lover Calcasieu River at Highway 171 bridge.
IC-1 Mill Creek, near mouth at USGS 134.5 (Upper Calcasieu River).
MC-2 Hill Creek south of and dovnstream fraa Elizabeth, Louisiana (Upper
Calc»sieu River).
PC-1 Palmetto Creek at Highway 171-190 bridge, near De Ridder, Louisiana
(Upper Calcasieu River).
-------
196 W~I
APPENDIX F
ANALYTICAL PHQCEBUKES
Grab, or 24-hour composite, samples of water, industrial waste, and
bottom sediments were collected In the Lake Charles area by DFI-DC person-
nel. Samples were preserved when collected as outlined in the Federal Water
Quality Administration's Manual far the Chemical Analysis o£ Water and
Wastes.-^
One-liter grab samples were collected in glass containers from each
Company's effluent suspected of containing oil and grease. The samples
were preserved with 2 ml concentrated H-SO,/1 and shipped on ice to the
Division of Field Investigation-Denver Center. Within 24 hours after col-
lection, the samples were tested for oil and grease, according to the pro-
cedure outlined in Standard Methods for the Examination of_ Water and Waste
later— -with the exception that n-hexane vas used as the extraction
solvent instead of petroleum ether. Because only single grab samples were
taken from each effluent, the results may not be representative of the
composite daily discharge.
Twenty-four-hour composite samples were collected at each of the
Company's effluents. One liter of the sample was preserved with 2 ml con-
centrated H2^4 ^or tota^ organic carbon (TOC) , chemical oxygen demand
(COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH--N), and organic nitrogen (org.-N) analyses.
One liter was preserved with 5 ml concentrated HNO, for metals analyses
and one liter was left untreated for total and suspended solids analyses.
Water and effluent samples specified for metals analyses were shipped,
-------
F-2
187
air-freight, to the Division of Field Investigations-Cincinnati Center.
These samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), Lead (Pb),
chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) , aluminum (Al), and nickel (Nl) by atomic absorp-
tion spectrophotometry. All samples were analyzed for total mercury (Kg)
according to the flameless AA procedure of Hatch and Qtt.—
Other samples were shipped, air-freight, to the Analytical Quality
Control (AQC) Laboratory in Cincinnati where they were analyzed, by DFI-DC
personnel, according to procedures described in the FWQA Manual.—
These samples were tested for TOC by injection of homogenized 100 yl
aliquots into a Beckman Model 915 Carbon Analyzer after having been purged
with nitrogen gas for five to ten minutes. Injections were made in dupli-
cate and triplicate; the average peak height was taken for comparison to
a standard curve. In general, reproducibility was within five percent.
Industrial waste samples with more than 20 mg/1 TOC were also analyzed
for COD. These determinations were made according to the procedure for
"high level COD", (i.e., digestion with 0.25N l^Cr,^} . For this analysis
sufficient mercuric sulfate was added to each sample to tie up the chloride
ions — as determined by tltration with mercuric nitrate. In general, each
sample was tested only once, although one duplicate analysis was reproduc-
ible within eight percent. Both NH.-N and org.-N were determined using
the micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. Consequently, all reagent concentrations
were scaled down to one-tenth of the level of the regular Kjeldahl proce-
dure. Several duplicate analyses were performed with reproducibillties of
four and six percent.
Total and suspended solids were determined on the unpreserved samples.
-------
198 F-3
The residues were dried at 105"C.
Bottom sediment samples were collected with an Eckman Grab Sampler at
selected sites along the Calcasieu River and In the vicinity of vaste dis-
charges. The muds were packed in Whirlpack bags, frozen, and shipped air-
freight to the AQC Laboratory in Cincinnati.
Samples, when thawed, vere air-dried at 35gC for two days under a
stream of clean, dry air. The percent volatiles were calculated from the
weight loss after heating the dried sample at 600"C for one hour. The
percent carbon and organic nitrogen were determined by the procedures out-
4/
lined by Balllnger and McKee.~ The organic sediment index (OSI) was
calculated as the product of the percent carbon and percent organic nitrogen.
Mercury in the dried sediments was determined by an adaptation of the
"wet digestion/flameless AA procedure" for mercury in fish developed by
Uthe, et al.— Standard additions using mercuric chloride or methyl
mercuric chloride were made on each sample; recoveries ranged from 87 to
122 percent throughout the 20 samples.
One-liter grab samples were collected from the Company's effluents
for organic characterization. Immediately after collection, the samples
were frozen and shipped, air mall-special delivery, to the Southeast Water
Laboratory, Athens, Georgia. The samples were thawed, then extracted with
chloroform. Chloroform extracts were concentrated to one ml or less and
injected into a Ferkin Elmer Model 900 gas chromatograph. Conditions were
adjusted to obtain the best resolved chromatogran by using open tabular
columns of Carbowax 20 H or SE-30. Once the conditions were selected, the
-------
199
F-4
column effluent was directed Into a Perkln Elmer-Hitachi Mass Spectrometer,
Model RMU-7. Mass scans were made of all major peaks. Identity of the
extract components was confirmed by injecting known compounds under the
same conditions and comparing both the retention time and the mass spectrum.
-------
200
P-5
REFERENCES
1. U. S. Departnent of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration Manual for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes.
Washington, B.C. November 1969.
2. K, J. laras, A. E. Greenbergi R. D. Hoak, and M. C. Rand, Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wasteaater, 12th Ed., Amer.
Public Health Assn. New York, N.Y. 1965.
3. W. R. Hatch and W. L. Ott, Anal. Chem., 40, 2085 (1965).
4. B. G. Balllnger and G. B. McKee, J. Water Poll, Con. Fed,, 43 (2)
216 (1971).
5. J. R. Uthe, F. A. J. Armstrong and M, P. Stainton, J. Fisheries Hes.
Board of Canada, 27., No. 4, 805 (1970).
-------
APPI.NUIK C
SUMMARY OP ANALYTICAL RESULTS FDR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
CALCASIEU RIVER BASIN. LOUISIANA
Industry
Calcaeleu Paper Company
Clclce Service Oil Coapany
-ftutyl plant
-refinery
-patrochealcel plant
-lube and wax plant
(Ctt-Con)
Continental Oil Coupny
-VCH plant
-petrochemical pleat
-refinery
Continental Cerbon Cowpeny
Croeby Cheolcele Incorporated
Firestone Rubber Company
W. R. Grace and Coupany
-Oavlson Cheolcal Division
Uercules, Incorporated
Station
Number
CAL-1
CSC-l
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-3
CSC-4^
CSC-5
CSC-6
CON-1
CON-2
CON-2A
CON-8
COH-3
COH-4
CON-5
CON-6
COH-6A
CON-7A
CON-7
CRO-1
F1R-1
WRG-1
IIER-1
COD TOC NH, as N Total
m/1 Iba/dav n.K/1
304 36.700 150
174 2.470 29
IS
320 1.26 X 10* 230
13
9
612 20.200 180
17
12
620
8
130
676 6,320 210
3
10
7
180 SO • 43
160 8.360 38
168 8.070 32
236 3,870 19
112 3.880 62
Ibs/djy as.ll'
10.900
410
36,300 10.1
357 ,000
6,300
30,000
5,900 3.13
410 2.35
S3
6,890
90
780
1,960 32.1
230
145
60
10
1,990
2.500
290 t
1,100 '
Ibs/day ma/1
918
1,480
24.500 9,220
9.850
8.710
9.760
180 868
60 361
i 8.930
570
827
2.650
490 2.340
315
460
1.130
440
184
3.210
22.900
^>f\ ;
co_i It290
Solids
Ibn/dey
66.800
21.000
22.300.000
23.900.000
4,200,000
32,600.000
28.600
8,800
40,800
6.310
8.980
15,900
21.900
14.300
6.680
9.290
120
9.600
154.000
346.000
22.800
Suspended
Solids
iw/1
360
152
38
220
27
11
78
26
71
32
36
34
182
132
49
30
16
76
772
43
Iba/day
26,200
2,160
92,000
533,000
13,000
103,500
2.600
630
120
355
390
200
1.700
J.990
710
250
10
3.630
11.700
760
Oil 4 Grease
OR/1
4
7
3
3
8
2
2.5^
' 7
130
4
1
1
190
103
42
17
1
Iba/dar
290
100
12,100
163
190
9
22,36
40
1,21)
180
13
23
2.200
81)
18
-------
APPENDIX G (Continued)
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
CALCASIEU RIVF.R BASIN. LOUISIANA
Station
Industry Number
Olio Corporation OL1N-1^
OLIN-2^
OL1H-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-5
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-B
OL1N-9
OLIN-10
OLIN-11
PTC Industries. Incorporated PFG-1
PPC-2
PPC-3
PPC-4
PPC-I
FPG-5A
PPG-6
PPG-7^
PPG-8^
TOC
•K/l
9
23
1
3
8
11
3
2
10
1
21
13
18
12
6.2
10
10
5.4
16
11
NH. aa N
Ibs/day me/1 Ibs/dav
3.44
790 75.6 2.590
7 21.6 145
10 438 1.420
421 12.7 675
210 13.6 260
2 156 45
4 2.10 5
1.270 6.30 800
15 1.18 16
560 1.22 85
11.500
330
71430
70
)490
31
)32.600*/
Organic
Nitrogen
n.R/1 Iba/dav
7.00
11.5 394
6.44 40
4.76 15
7.28 , 390
8.12 160
48.2 15
6.16 15
10.1 1,280
6.16 20
Total
TO/I
5.160
1,190
2,620
8.370
4.540
5,890
3,750
1.030
5.580
1,450
73,900
7.070
7,030
6.800
9,700
7,760
7,220
4.620
7,060
6.350
Solids
Ibs/dav
40.700
17.700
27,200
241,000
113.600
1.130
2.300
706,400
4.400
1,970,000
17.120,000
130,000
4,207,000
105.300
1364.000^
28.700
) 16. 750, 000
Suapemled
Solids Oil » Grease
nft/1
23
44
99
77
122
28
115
13
33
31
102
32
887
22
138
32
428
17
31
19
Iba/dav UK/1 Ibs/dav
•
1,510
670
250
6.480
540
35
30
4,180
95
2.720
77.500
16,400
13,600
1,500 1 11
H4.500*/
105
)62.BOO*/
9
ro
-------
APPENDIX G (Continued)
BUHXAKT OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FUR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
CALCASIEU RIVER BASIN. LOUISIANA
Induetrv
Calcaaleu Paper Company
Cltlea Service Oil Company
-Butyl plant
-refinery
-petrochemical plant
-lube and wax plant
(Clt-Con)
Continental Oil Company
-VCH plant
-petrochemical plant
-refinery
Continental Carbon Company
Croaby Chcmlcala Incorporated
Plreatone Rubber Company
U. R. Grace and Company
-Davlaon Chemical Dlvlalon
Uirculea. Incorporated
Station
NuBber
CAL-1
CSC-1
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-3
CSC-4
CSC-S
CSC-6
CON-1
CON-2
CON-2A
CON -8
CON -3
CON -4
CON-}
CON-6
CON-6A
CON-7A
CON-7
CRO-1
FIR-1
WRG-1*/
UER-1
Chro
.a/I
0.10
0.40
0.02
0.14
<0.01
<0.01
1.8
0.07
2.6
<0.01
<0.01
0.30
0.17
0.16
0.41
4.0
0.03
<0.02
0.20
<0.01
0.2
mlum
Iba/day
7
6
48
340
39
2
12
2
1.6
7
6
33
0.01
10
3.J
Cadmium
BK/1 Iba/day
40. OJ
<0.05
40.05
40.0}
40.05
-------
APPENDIX C I Continued)
SIM1ARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
CALCASIEU RIVER BASIN. LOUISIANA
Station
Induatrr Station
01 In Corporation OUN-1^
OLIN-2^/
OLIN-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-)
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-8
OLIN-9
OLIH-10
OLIN-11
rPO Induotrloo. Incorporated PPC-1
PPC-2
PPG-3
PPC-4
PPC-5
PPG-5A
PPC-6
PPC-7^
PPC-8^
Chronlun Cadmium Mercury
•K/l
0.04
4.0
40.01
40.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
40.01
0.04
40.01
0.10
40.01
0.09
0.10
40.02
40.02
<0.02
40.02
40.02
40.02
Iba/daT m/1
40.0)
. 140 40. OS
40.0)
40.0)
1.1 40.0)
0.4 <0.05
0.01 40.0)
40.0)
) 40.0)
40.0)
3 0.1)
40.0)
2 40.0)
62 40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
Iba/daT Vf/l
40.1
0.2
0.4
2.7
3.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
4 0.1
0.4
40.1
1.0
40.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Iba/daT
0.0069
0.0027
0.0088
0.2071
0.0019
0.0001
0.0002
0.0127
0.0018
0.0027
0.9700
0.6187
10.O080
0.0012
10.4800
Copper Lead Nickel Aluolmm
BK/1
40.02
40.02
40.02
0.08
40.02
40.02
40.02
<0.02
40.02
40.02
0.17
0.02
40.02
40.02
Iba/daT «/l Iba/daT mt/1 oin/1
0.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 4Q.)
0.3 40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 4Q.2 4Q.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.02 40.2 40.)
*.s ^ *! 40.)
48 40.1
40.1
40.1
a/ No lnccrf«renca fro* etlclum detected.
b/ Intaka froai Calcaalau River.
(J Samplea collected on two different daya.
d/ COD aeaaurement of 114 ng/1 or 1900 Iba/day.
tl Interference by atandard atonic abaorptlon procedure. coaplatlon of data dependant oa the davalopaient of an alternate uthod of analnla
y Baaed on eatlaated flow and/or average concentration.
£/ Aluminum Beaaureawnt of 60 aig/1 or 910 Iba/day.
204
-------
ISI-I*
\
-------
IEGEKD
| tltlHKU HHItlll
A IIIICIHt ImiHIS
* 1IIII {Ulllli - 111(1 tltlin I II il mi 11IIKI
-------
Cft
figure 3. Sampling Locations • Lower Caleasieu Rm
til !91t
c
-------
UGEHD
iiiiirini irniuii
iiiiEirii [fFLiuii
mil niTiii! . inn leiiiii 1 11 u mi milts
ti 1.1
Not To Scale
Sampling locations • lower Calcasieu River, La,
April 1911
D
-------
CtitietiUI Oil Ci, • ICH Pint
-------
tiuitjl til ii. • fitiieiiiici) (Hut
J 1
-------
tiitiuoiil Oil Co • rtirtcttnicil Pint
Cs8lm«ntjl Oil Ci. • KK Pint
cbJ ZSULPHUR
ttilutotii cirht It,
Din tiff.
LAKE Cr
PP6 Iidistriis, lit
Smite 811 Co. • Pitrtcliieieil Plitt
• Luti 4 Wu Plan
Rvbbtl Co,
Ciiits Striiti Oil tt. • Redtl-j
W. R. Bract I to.
Cull Clitt tliiini
Figure 4. industrial Locations-Lower Calcasieu
-------
locations-lower Calcisieu Rher, La
(Ipril 19711
0 CG- D
------- |