PB213-7J
       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
            OFPICE OF ENFORCEMENT
                  Report on

         Evaluations of Waste Sources
                    in the
       Calcasieu River Basin, Louisiana
                 Prepared By
Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center
               Denver, Colorado
                     and
                  Region VI
                Dallas, Texas
                January 1972
              Reproduced by
              NATIONAL TECHNICAL
              INFORMATION SERVICE
                U 5 Deporfmenf ef Commerw
                  SprlngfitId VA 22151

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                      TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                         Page

       GLOSSARY OF TEEMS

       INTRODUCTION                                        1

       DESCRIPTION OF AEEA                                 3

       SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS          6



Section                   Description                  '  Page
   I        CALCASIEU PAPER COMPANY PLANT
              ELIZABETH, LOUISIANA

                 BACKGROUND INFORMATION                    1-1
                      General                              1-1
                      Water Supply                         1-1
                      Existing Waste Treatment             1-1
                      Chronology of Contacts               1-2

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS              1-3

                 DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
                   CONTROL COMMISSION                      1-3

                 PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT                  1-6

                 CONCLUSIONS                               1-6

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                           1-7


  II        THE CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
              LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

                 GENERAL INFORMATION                      II-l

                 ~"'   CITIES SERVICE BUTYL RUBBER PLANT   II-3

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION         II-3

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section                  Description                     Page
  II                            Facility Description      II-3
                                Water Supply              11-3
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment               II-3

                           SAMPLING PROG1AM AND
                             RESULTS                      II-3

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION    II-7

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT       II-7

                           CONCLUSIONS                    II-7

                           RECOMMENDATIONS                II-8

                      CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
                        REFINERY                          II-9

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION         II-9
                                Facility Description      II-9
                                Water Supply              II-9
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment               II-9

                           FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
                             AND RESULTS                  11-12

                           SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
                             AND RESULTS                  11-17

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION    11-18

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT       11-21

                           CONCLUSIONS                    11-22

                           RECOMMENDATIONS                11-23
                              ii

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)


Section                  Description                     Page
  II     .             CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
                        LUBE AND WAX PLANT
                        (Git-Con Subsidiary)               11-24

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION         11-24
                                Facility Description      11-24
                                Water Supply              11-24
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment               11-24

                           DISCUSSION OF SAMPLING
                             PROGRAM AND RESULTS          11-25

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION    11-28

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT       11-28

                           CONCLUSIONS                    11-29

                           RECOMMENDATIONS                11-29

                      CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
                        PETROCHEMICAL AND ETHYLENE-
                        PROPYLENE PLANT                   11-30

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION         11-30
                                Facility Description      11-30
                                Water Supply              11-30
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment               II-30

                           SAMPLING PROGRAM AND
                             RESULTS                      11-31

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION    11-34

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT       11-34

                           CONCLUSIONS                    11-34

                           RECOMMENDATIONS                11-35
                             iii

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)


Section                  Description                     Page
 III        THE CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
              LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

                 GENERAL INFORMATION                     III-l
                      Initial Contact                    III-l

                      CONTINENTAL CARBON COMPANY         III-3

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION        III-3
                                Facility Description     III-3
                                Water Supply             III-3
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment              III-3
                                Chronology of Contacts   III-3

                           SAMPLING PROGRAM AND
                             RESULTS                     III-4

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION   III-4

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT      III-4

                           CONCLUSIONS                   III-4

                           RECOMMENDATIONS               III-4

                      CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY -
                        LAKE CHARLES PETROCHEMICAL
                        PLANT                            III-7

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION        III-7
                                Facility Description     III-7
                                Water Supply             III-7
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment              III-7
                                Chronology of Contacts   III-8

                           FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
                             AND RESULTS                 III-8

                           SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
                             AND RESULTS                 III-ll
                             iv

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)


Section                  Description                     Page
 III                       DATA KEPORfED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION   III-ll

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT      111-13

                           CONCLUSIONS                   111-13

                           RECOMMENDATIONS               111-14

                      CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY -
                       • LAKE CHARLES REFINERY            111-15

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION        111-15
                                Facility Description     111-15
                                Water Supply             111-15
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment              111-15
                                Chronology of Contacts   111-17

                           SAMPLING PROGRAM AND
                             RESULTS                     111-17

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION   111-20

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT      III-2G

                           CONCLUSIONS                   111-20

                           RECOMMENDATIONS               111-21

                      CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY -
                        LAKE CHARLES VCM PLANT           111-22

                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION        111-22
                                Facility Description     111-22
                                Water Supply             111-22
                                Existing Waste
                                  Treatment              111-22
                                Chronology of Contacts   111-23
                              v

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)


Section                  Description
 III                       FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
                             AND RESULTS                 111-23

                           SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
                             AND RESULTS                 111-23

                           DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                             STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION   111-25

                           PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT      III-25

                           CONCLUSIONS                   II1-21

                           RECOMMENDATIONS               III-2?


  IV        CROSBY CHEMICALS, INCORPORATED, PLANT
              DI RIDDER, LOUISIANA

                 BACKGROUND INFORMATION                   IV-1
                      General                             IV-1
                      Water Supply                        IV-1
                      Existing Waste Treatment            IV-1
                      Chronology of Contacts              IV-1

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS             IV-2

                 DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA
                   STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION              IV-5

                 PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT                 IV-6

                 CONCLUSIONS                              IV-6

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                          IV-6
            FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY PLANT
              LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

                 BACKGROUND INFORMATION                    V-l
                      General                              V-l
                      Facility Description                 V-l
                              vi

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)


Section                  Description
  VI        DAVISON CHEMICAL DIVISION
              W. R. GRACE AND COMPANY
              LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
 VII        HERCULES, INCORPORATED
              LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA
                      Water Supply                         V-2
                      Existing Waste Treatment             V-2
                      Chronology of Contacts               V-2

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS              V-4

                 DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
                   CONTROL COMMISSION                      V-8

                 PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT                  V-8

                 CONCLUSIONS                               V-9

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                           V-9
                 BACKGROUND INFORMATION                   VI-1
                      General                             VI-1
                      Water Supply                        VI-1
                      Existing Waste Treatment            VI-2
                      Chronology of Contacts              VI-2

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS             VI-3

                 DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
                   CONTROL COMMISSION                     VI-6

                 CONCLUSIONS                              VI-7

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                          VI-7
                 BACKGROUND INFORMATION                  VII-1
                      General                            VII-1
                      Water Supply                       VII-1
                      Existing Waste Treatment           VII-1
                             vii

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Section
             Description
Page
                      Chronology of Contacts             VII-2

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS            VII-3

                 DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
                   CONTROL COMMISSION                    VII-5

                 PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT                VII-7

                 CONCLUSIONS                             VII-7

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                         VII-8
VIII
OLIN CORPORATION
  LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

     BACKGROUND INFORMATION                  VIII-1
          General                            VIII-1
          Water Supply                       VIII-1
          Existing Waste Treatment           VIII-1
          Chronology of Contacts             VIII-2

     SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS            VIII-3

     DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM
       CONTROL COMMISSION                    VIII-9

     PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT                VIII-9

     CONCLUSIONS                             VIII-9

     RECOMMENDATIONS                         VIII-11
  IX
LAKE CHARLES FACILITY OF
  PPG INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED

     BACKGROUND INFORMATION
          General
          Water Supply
                                                          IX-1
                                                          IX-1
                                                          IX-1
                            viii

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                TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)


Section                  Description                     Page
  IX                  Existing Waste Treatment            IX-2
                      Chronology of Contacts              IX-2

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS             IX-3

                 DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STfiEAM
                   CONTROL COMMISSION                     IX-10

                 PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT                 IX-12

                 CONCLUSIONS                              IX-12

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                          IX-12
   X        MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES IN THE
              CALCASIEU RIVER DRAINAGE

                 BACKGROUND INFORMATION                    X-l
                      General           '                   X-l
                      Discussion                           X-4

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                           X-8
  XI        ANCILLARY SAMPLING FOR MERCURY

                 GENERAL INFORMATION                      XI-1

                 SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS             XI-3

                 CONCLUSIONS                              XI-5

                 RECOMMENDATIONS                          XI-6
            REFERENCES

            LIST OF FIGURES

            LIST OF TABLES

            APPENDICES


                              ix

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                       LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No,
            Title
Follows Page
     2


     3


     4


   1-1



  II-1
  II-2
 III-l
 III-2
  IV-1
   V-l
 Location Map  -                           1
   Calcasieu River  Drainage

 Sampling Locations -                     6
   Upper Calcasieu  River,  La.

 Sampling Locations -                  Inside
   Lower Calcasieu  River,  La.        Back Cover

 Industrial Locations -                 Inside
   Lower Calcasieu  River,  La.        Back Cover

 Effluent & Receiving Water              1-3
   Sampling Locations for
_  Calcasieu Paper  Company

 Effluent & Receiving Water              II-4
   Sampling Locations for
   Cities Service Oil Co.  -
   Butyl Plant & Refinery

 Effluent & Receiving Water              11-25
   Sampling Locations for
   Cities Service Oil Co.  -
   Lube & Wax  Plant (CIT-CON)
   & Petrochemical  Plant

 Effluent Sampling  Locations  for        III-l
   Continental Oil  Co. VCM Plant,
   Petrochemical Plant,  &
   Carbon Plant

 Effluent Sampling  Locations  for        111-17
   Continental Oil  Co.
   Conoco Refinery

 Effluent & Receiving Water              IV-1
   Sampling Locations for
   Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated

 Effluent & Receiving Water              V-2
   Sampling Locations for
   Firestone Rubber Company

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                 LIST OF FIGURES (continued)
Figure No.
   VI-1
  VII-1
 VTII-1
   IX-1
           Title
Effluent & leceiving Water
  Sampling Locations for
  W, R, Grace & Company

Effluent & leceiving Water
  Sampling Locations for
  Hercules, Incorporated

Effluent & Receiving Water
  Sampling Locations for
  Oliri Corporation

Effluent & Receiving Water
  Sampling Locations for
  PPG Industries Incorporated
Follows Page


     VI-3



    ¥11-1



   VIII-1



     IX-2
                       LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
           Title
     Page
  1-1
  1-2
Summary of Present and Proposed
  Wastewater Treatment for
  Industrial Discharges in the
  Lake Charles, Louisiana, Area

Description of Effluent and
  Receiving Water Sampling Points
  for Calcasieu Paper Company

Summary of Analytical Results and
  Field Measurements for
  Calcasieu Paper Company
      1-4
      1-5
                              xi

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                 LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table No.                   Title
 II-l            Description of Effluent and             II-5
                   Receiving Water Sampling Points
                   for Cities Service Oil Company
                   Butyl Rubber Plant

 II-2            Summary of Analytical Results           II-6
                   and Field Measurements for
                   Cities Service Oil Company
                   Butyl Plant

 II-3            Summary of Analytical Results           11-10
                   and Field Measurements from
                   First Sampling Program for
                   Cities Service Oil Company
                   Refinery

 II-4            Description of Effluent and             11-13
                   Receiving Water Sampling Points
                   for Cities Service Oil Company
                   Refinery

 II-5            Results of Organic Analysis for         11-14
                   Cities Service Oil Company
                   Refinery

 II-6            Summary of Analytical Results and       11-19
                   Field Measurements from
                   Second Sampling Program for
                   Cities Service Oil Company Refinery

 II-7            Description of Effluent and             11-26
                   Receiving Water Sampling Points
                   for Cities Service Oil Company
                   Lube and Wax Plant

 II-8            Summary of Analytical Results and       11-27
                   Field Measurements for Cities
                   Service Oil Company Lube and
                   Wax Plant

 II-9            Summary of Analytical Results and       11-32
                   Field Measurements for Cities
                   Service Oil Company Petrochemical
                   Plant
                            xii

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                 LIST OF TABLES (continued)


Table No.                   Title
 11-10           Results of Organic Analysis for         11-33
                   Cities Service Oil Company
                   Petrochemical Plant

III-l            Summary of Analytical Results and      III-5
                   Field Measurements for
                   Continental Carbon Company

III-2            Description of Effluent Sampling       III-9
                   Points for Continental Oil Company
                   Petrochemical Plant

III-3            Results of Organic Analysis for        III-9
                   Continental Oil Company
                   Petrochemical Plant

III-4            Summary of Analytical Results and      111-10
                   Field Measurements for Continental
                   Oil Company Petrochemical Plant

III-5            Summary of Analytical Results and      111-12
                   Field Measurements from Second
                   Sampling Program for Continental
                   Oil Company Petrochemical Plant

III-6            Description of Effluent Sampling       111-18
                   Points for Continental Oil Company
                   Refinery

III-7            Results of Organic Analysis for        111-18
                   Continental Oil Company Refinery

III-8            Summary of Analytical Results and      111-19
                   Field Measurements for Continental
                   Oil Company Refinery

III-9            Summary of Analytical Results and      111-24
                   Field Measurements from First
                   Sampling Program for Continental
                   Oil Company VCM Plant
                            xiii

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                 LIST 01 TABLES (continued)


Table No.                   Title
111-10           Summary of Analytical Results and      111-26
                   Field Measurements from Second
                   Sampling Program for Continental
                   Oil Company VCM Plant

 IV-1            Description of Effluent and             IV-3
                   Receiving Water Sampling Points
                   for Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated

 IV-2            Summary of Analytical Results and       IV-4
                   Field Measurements for Crosby
                   Chemicals, Incorporated

  V-l            Quality of Wastewater Presently          V-3
                   Discharged and Expected Future
                   Wastewater Discharge for Firestone
                   Rubber Company

  V-2            Description of Effluent and Receiving    V-5
                   Water Sampling Points for
                   Firestone Rubber Company

  V-3            Organic Sampling Results for             V-5
                   Firestone Rubber Company

  V-4            Summary of Analytical Results and        ?-6
                   Field Measurements for
                   Firestone Rubber Company

 VI-1            Description of Effluent and Receiving   VI-4
                   Water Sampling Points for W. R, Grace
                   and Company, Davison Chemical Division

 VI-2            Summary of Analytical Results and       VI-5
                   Field Measurements for W. R. Grace
                   and Company, Davison Chemical
                   Division

VII-1            Description of Effluent and Receiving  VII-4
                   Water Sampling Points for
                   Hercules» Incorporated
                             xiv

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                 LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table No.
           Title
Page
 VII-2

 VII-3


 VII-4



VIII-1



VIII-2



VIII-3
  IX-1
  IX-2
  IX-3
  IX-4
   X-l
Hercules Effluent                       VII-4

Results of Organic Analysis for         7II-5
  Hercules, Incorporated

Summary of Analytical Results and       VII-6
  field Measurements for Hercules,
  Incorporated

Description of Effluent and            VIII-4
  Receiving Water Sampling Points
  for Olin Corporation Plant

Summary of Analytical Results and      VIII-7
  Field Measurements for
  Olin Corporation Plant

Olin Corporation Discharge             ?III-10
  Composition Levels Submitted
  to Louisiana Stream Control
  Commission

Description of Effluent and              IX-4
  Receiving Water Sampling Points
  for PPG Industries, Incorporated

Summary of Analytical Results and        IX-7
  Field Measurements for PPG
  Industries, Incorporated

Results of Organic Analysis for          IX-6
  PPG Industries, Incorporated

PPG Industries Discharge Levels          IX-11
  Approved by Louisiana Stream
  Control Commission

Inventory of Miscellaneous Industries     X-2
  in the Calcasieu River Drainage

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                 LIST OF TABLES (continued)


Table No.                   Title                        Page
  X-2            Summary of Analytical Results and         X-5
                   Field Measurements for Miscellaneous
                   Industries in the Calcasieu River
                   Drainage

  X-3            Description of Effluent and               X-7
                   Receiving Water Sampling Points
                   for Miscellaneous Industries in
                   the Calcasieu River Drainage

 XI-1            Municipal Waste Sources in the           XI-2
                   Lake Charles, Louisiana, Area

 XI-2            Summary of the Analytical Results        XI-4
                   and Field Measurements at
                   Selected Stations Below-
                   Municipal Wastewater Discharges
                         APPENDICES


Appendix                    Title                        Page


   A      .      APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS     A-l

   B             CUSTODY OF SAMPLES                       B-l

   C             BIOLOGICAL STUDY METHODS FOR             C-l
                   PALATABILITY AND SURVIVAL STUDIES
                   Lower Calcasieu River, Louisiana
                   (April 20-24, 1971)

   D             RESULTS OF PALATABILITY AND SURVIVAL     D-l
                   STUDIES
                   Lower Calcasieu River, Louisiana
                   (April 20-24, 1971)
                             xvi

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                   APPENDICES (continued)


Appendix                    Title                        Page
   E             ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF BOTTOM             E-l
                   SEDIMENT SAMPLES
                   Calcasieu River, Louisiana
                   (April 1971)

   F             ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES                    F-l

   G             SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS            G-l
                   AND HELD MEASUREMENTS
                            xvii

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                    GLOSSARY OF TERMS






BOD * Biochemical  Oxygen Demand




COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand



TOC - Total Organic Carbon



OSI - Organic Sediment Index



Org K - Organic Nitrogen



KH_N - Ammonia Nitrogen








cfa - Flow rate given in cubic feet per second



gpm - Flow rate given in gallons per minute



mgd - Flow rate given in million gallons per  day




mg/1 - Concentration given in milligrams per  liter
                        jour

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               INTtQDUCTION




            DESCRIPTION OF AHA




SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND IECOMMENDATIONS

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                            INTRODUCTION




     IB the southwestern corner of Louisiana — in the Calcasieu River




Basin — Is the State's second largest industrialized area.  Industries on



the lower portion of the Calcasieu River are principally involved in the



production of chemicals, petrochemicals, and petroleum products.  Also of




interest to this study area are several firms on the upper portions of the



River that are processing tall oil and producing Kraft paper.



     All of these Industries are discharging waste waters into the Calcasieu



River or its tributaries - Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine, Houston River, Mill




Creek, and Palmetto Creek (Figure 1],  The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899,—(



the Water Quality Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of




1570—  are applicable to the Calcasieu River and its tributaries.  [Water



quality regulations established pursuant to the provisions of these Acts




are presented in Appendix A.]



     The Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center (DFI-DC), Environ-




mental Protection Agency (EPA)t at the request of the Director, Water



Quality Office, Region VI, EPA, undertook a. study of the Calcasieu River



Basin in March-April 1971.  Specific objectives of the study were to:



     1.  Compile an up-to-date Inventory of industrial waste sources



         discharging to the Calcasieu River and Its tributaries.




     2.  Ascertain a) types of treatment presently provided and b) the



         quality and quantity of each industrial waste discharge.



     3*  Evaluate the Individual and collective impacts of wastwater




         discharges on the beneficial water uses of the Calcasieu River



         and its tributaries.

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Figure  1.  Location  Map  • Calcasieu  River Drainage

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     4.  Determine abatement proceedings necessary or warranted under the




         livers and Harbors Act of 1899, the Water Quality Act of 1965,




         and/or other applicable local, State and Federal laws.



     In the case of each Industry surveyed, a team of DPI-DC staff members



called upon company officials, explained the investigative program and the




basis for it, and negotiated the details for examining the effluents from



each firm.  Further, each industry representative received a letter detail-



ing EPA's authority in the vork and Indicating that the investigative pro-



gram was being conducted to provide the basis for:




     (1)  Evaluation of Corps of Engineers permits as required under the



          livers and Harbors Act of 1899;



     (2)  Determination of present water quality conditions in the




          Calcasieu River and its tributaries;




     (3)  Evaluation of the individual and collective impacts of waste-




          water discharges on the beneficial water uses of the Calcasieu



          liver and its tributaries;




     (4)  Determination of water pollution control needs within the area;




     (5)  Abatement proceedings as necessary or warranted under the



          Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, the Water Quality Act of 1965,




          and/or other applicable local, State, and Federal laws.



     Industrial and municipal waste treatment and disposal practices in



the Lake Charles, Louisiana area were then evaluated by a team of DFI-DC



engineers, scientists, and technical support personnel.  The evaluations



were conducted during March and April, 1971.  A second survey of effluents



from the plants of Cities Service Oil Company and of Continental Oil



Company was made in early November 1971.

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     la addition, because of prior Indications that aquatic life in the




Lake diaries area contains significant concentrations of mercury, DPI-DC




conducted an ancillary sampling program in the Calcasieu River Basin to




determine, quantitatively, the presence of mercury.



     This report summarizes information pertaining to raw aaterials, pro-



cesses, waste loads, and treatment needs (if any) at each of the industries



and recommends actions necessary to protect the quality of the receiving



vaters.  Specific information for each significant industrial waste source



is summarized in a separate section.  Complete custodial records [Appendix



B], for each sample taken during the course of this investigation, are on



file at the Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center, Office of




Enforcement, EPA (Denver, Colorado).



     Assistance and support in the conduct of this investigation was pro-




vided by the following EPA entitles:



     Division of Field Investigations-Cincinnati Center




     Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio



     Enforcement Office, Region VI, Dallas, Texas




     Southeast.Water Laboratory, Athens, Georgia*



     The assistance of personnel of the Lake Charles Office, Louisiana



Wildlife and Fisheries Comission, is gratefully acknowledged,






                         DESCRIPTION OF AREA




     The total drainage area of the Calcasieu River and its tributaries is




about 4,000 square miles; measures approximately 55 by 120 miles; and in-



cludes portions of eight parishes with a total population of about 230,000.



The Lower Calcasieu River refers to the area from the salt water barrier

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(located Just north of the city of Lake Charles) downstream to the Gulf of




Mexico.  The Upper Calcasieu River refers to the fresh water portion of



the watershed extending upstream of the salt water barrier to the basin




headwaters.




     The River is navigable from its mouth to Moss Bluff, Louisiana (about



tea miles upstream of Westlake).    Barges and ships navigate a channel



that has been dredged from the Culf of Mexico northward along the west side




of Calcasieu Lake to Devils Elbow, thereafter following the natural river



channel, except for two cutoffs, to the Port of Lake Charles.



     Thundersqualls and tropical storms with high wind velocities occasion-



ally pass through the area.  Prevailing winds are from the north during the




months of November through January and from the south during the remainder



of the year.  Frosts occur during the period from late November through



February.  Average temperatures range from the low 50's (in January) to




the 80's (in July).



     The lower Calcasieu River, Lake Calcasieu, Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine,



and Indian Marais are affected by lunar tides.  Passage of a cold front or



high winds may cause wind-dominated tides that produce flooding of low-




lying areas, tributary streams, and bayous.  Hence, flow nixing patterns




may be highly irregular.



     Brackish inland lakes and marshes that border the main River channel



and the adjacent shallow offshore area support a large commercial and




sport fishery.  The area is an excellent spawning and rearing ground for



shrimp, crabs, and various estuarine fish.

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     la addition to furnishing a location for the propagation  of  aquatic




life, the waters of the Calcasieu River system support  other beneficial




uses, including municipal and industrial water supplies,  recreation,



irrigation, and navigation.

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             SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS



Conclusions




     During the survey an Industrial waste Inventory was compiled.  It




Included information on the types of materials produced and raw materials




used at each plant, as well as the process additives, water supplies, and



wastewater treatment procedures.  Composite samples, generally covering




24-hour periods, were obtained from each industrial waste outfall and were




analyzed for constituents appropriate to the industry evaluated.  Grab



samples for oil and grease analysis were obtained where appropriate.




Survival and palatability studies were conducted in receiving waters, and




sediments were examined for organic content.



     The Calcaaieu liver Basin is logically divided into two areas for




assessing the effects on water quality of the sources inventoried during




thia survey.  The Upper Calcasieu River is the fresh water portion of the



watershed extending upstream of a salt water barrier.   [The industries and



sampling locations in this part of the basin are illustrated in Figure 2.]




The Lower Calcasieu River encompases the saltwater portion of the watershed.




[The sampling locations for this area are depicted in Figure 3, located



inside back cover.]  The major portion of Industrial activity (most of




which is directly or indirectly related to the production of petroleum and



petrochemicals) is located in the lover Calcasieu River area.   [An indus-




trial location map of this area is illustrated in Figure 4, located inside




back cover.]



     Evaluation of data indicates that the following two groups of indus-




tries are in violation of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899



(33 USC:401~413)f

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        Di IIDDEB
           IPC
    Crosby  Chemicals, Inc"
HDE. Inc.
iDl  OUINCr
                                                                                                               lenneco Chemical

                                                                                                               VancoBier Pl;»ood Co.
                                                                                                  I t (  t N 0

                                                                                                     INDUSU.U [FFLUINIS
                                                                                                         SIHPUS
                                                                                                          Not To  Scale
                                  Figure 2.  Sampling Locations - Upper  Calcasieu  River, La.
                                                             |«P«ll II7IJ

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     Group 1



     Cities Service Oil Company refinery;




     PPG Induscries, Incorporated;




     Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated;




     Olin Corporation; and



     Continental Oil Company refinery.



And:




     Group 2



     Cities Service Oil Company - Butyl plant;



     Cities Service Oil Company - lube and wax  plant;




     Cities Service Oil Company - petrochemical plant;



     Firestone lubber Company;




     W. I. Grace and Company Davlson Chemical Division;



     Hercules, Incorporated;




     Calcasleu Paper Company;




     Continental Oil Company - petrochemical plant; and



     Continental Oil Company - VCM plant.





     The industries in these two groups are generally discharging carbon-




aceous materials, suspended solids, and oil and grease, to the Calcasleu




River or tributary thereof, thus causing violations of Section 407 of the




Act.  In addition, except for Crosby Chemicals, the first group and Cities



Service Oil Company Petrochemical Plant were In violation of Section 407




of the Act for the discharge of heavy metals, heat, nitrogenous materials,



and complex organlcs.

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     Evaluation of the data indicates that the 14 Industries  of  the  pre-




ceding two groupings in combination discharge dally at least  82,000  Ibs,




of COD; 597,000 Ibs. of TOG; 601,000 Ibs. of suspended solids;  and




22,4 X 10   calories of heat.  [A summary of the analytical results  ob-



tained, by industry, is presented in Appendix G.]



     Six industries discharge complex organic derivatives of  petroleum,



some of which are known to be toxic to aquatic life and/or humans.  Survival



studies, conducted In situ In receiving waters near these discharges,  demon-



strated the toxic nature of the effluents from the following  Industries:



Cities Service Oil Company refinery and Butyl plant; Firestone  Rubber



Company; W, R. Grace and Company, Davison Chemical Division;  Hercules,




Incorporated; Olin Corporation; and PPG Industries, Incorporated.




     Analyses of bottom sediments showed that industrial waste  solids  are



being deposited In the Calcasieu Elver, a navigable stream, and in the




streams and bayous that are tributaries thereto.




     [Present and proposed waste water treatment facilities for each indus-



try are tabulated in Table 1.}  Industries in the first grouping have  no




indication of plans to initiate or improve treatment of the wastes that



they presently discharge.  Industries in the second grouping  are either



engaged In the construction of new facilities for waste treatment  or are



developing suitable treatment measures.





Recomme nd a tIons



     Specific recommendations for each significant source of  pollution are



presented in the individual report sections.  These recommendations  are



summarized in the following paragraphs.

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                                                                          TAI;LR  I

                                                    simrun or PRESENT AND PI OPOSED WASTEVATE* TREATMEHT
                                                              FDR INDUSTRIAL  DISCHARGES  IN TIIE
                                                               LAKE CHARLES.  LOUISIANA,  AREA
    Ha»a ot Induatrr
                                    Preaent Treatment
                                                             Adequate
                                                                         Violation of
                                                                           Ret'jae Act
                                                                                            Proposed Treatment
                                                                                   Scheduled
                                                                                   Completion
                                                                                                                                 Adequate
                                                               Violation of
                                                                Ratuee Act
Calcaeleu Paper
Cltlee Service Oil Company
 -Butyl
 -l.ube end wax plant (Clt-Con)
 -Petrochemical and ethylene
  propylena plant*

 -refinery5'
Continental Oil Company

 -Continental Carbon Company

 -Lake Charlee P*trochulcal
  Plant
 -Laka Charlaa tadna
 -VQt Plant
Black water - oxidation        No
ponda.  Uhlta watar and
cooling water * flon«.
Oily waatca to refinery        No
treatment facllltlea.
Cooling tower blowdoun re-
ceive chromate treat-
•enc.  Once-through cool-
Ing water and proceaa
water, no treatment.
Oxidation pond with oil        No
aklmmer

Neutralization, oil eepara-    No
tion, aerated lagoon*

28-Acre oxidation pond         No
followed by a pond that waa
dredged In Indian Harala.
Condenaor cooling watar ra—
celvea no treatment-
Settling pond                  Taa

Chromate reduction, acid       No
neutralization, oil aepara-
tlon, filtration
Oil separation, activated    Onknom
aludge, clarlfler, oxlda*
tlon pond; nettling ponda
for cooling water and cokar
dlacharge.

Neutralization, oil aepara-    No
tlon
                                                                             Ye*
Yea






Yea


Yea


Ye*
No

Taa
                                                                              Yaa
                                                                             Yaa
           New facllltlea are to ba
           constructed and effluent
           reelreulated.  Type of
           treatment to be conatrue-
           led la unknown.
Experimenting with new
treatment proceaae*.
                                                                                                                     Unknown
                                                                                                                                 Unknown
                                                                                                                                              Unknown
                                                                                                                     Unk
                                                                                                                                 Unknown
Oxidation pond


Extended aeration
Apr. 1, 1972   Unknown


Dae. Jl, 1972  Unknown
           Cooling tower to reduce   D«c. 31. 1972     No
           flow to oxidation pond
           by 130 mgd.
           Deep well dlapoaal of
           "aour water"              Sept. 1. 1971     No
Unknown






Unknown


Unknown


  Taa
                                                                                                                                                                m
                                                                                                                                                                -o
                                                                                                                                                                C5

                                                                                                                                                                CXI
           Aerated lagoon
                          Dae. 11, 1971  Unknown
                                                                                         Need  to  connect  all         Unknown      Unknown
                                                                                         vnatevater dlachargea  to
                                                                                         the new  treatment  facl-
                                                                                         lltlea.
                                                                                        Extended aeration         Nov.,  1971        Yaa
                                                                                        Sludge  facllltlea         Dec.,  1972
                                                                                        Cauaclc recovery ayatan   Aug.,  1971
                                                                                        Chromate recovery         Dec.,  1971
                                                                                        Activated carbon filter     Unknown
                                                                 Unknown
                                                                 Unknown
                                                                   Bo

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                                                                    TABLB 1 (CONTINUED)

                                                    BUMMA1T OF PRESENT AND PROPOSED WASTEVATER TREATMENT
                                                              FOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES  IN THE
                                                               LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA,  AREA
Nane of Induatrv
Crosby Chsmlcala,
Incorporated
Flreatone Rubber Coittany"
Preaent Treatment
Settling, pond, dilution
water
Gravity aeparatlon and fll-
Adeauate
No
No
Violation of
Refuse Act
Tea
Tes
Proposed Trestment
None scheduled In the
next five years.
API , slum and polyelec-
Scheduled
Completion

Sep. 1, 1971
Adequate
No
Unknown
Violation of
Refuse Act
Tes
Unknown
H. R. Grace and Company
 Davlson Chemical Dlvlalo

Usrculea, Incorporated
Olln Corporation
PPG Industries,.
 Incorporated  •*
                                trstlon through excelsior
                                pads.
                                None                           Ho
API, six oxidation ponds       Ho
Nine discharges to             Ho
Cslcasleu River without
treatment.  One discharge
from a large tailings pond.

Mercury reduction              No
"oxidation ditch"
                                                                                         trolyte,  air flotation,
                                                                                         blolof.lcal  treatment,
                                                                                         aerated lagoons.

                                                                              Tes        Clarification and  pU
                                                                                         control.

                                                                              Tes        Biological  treatment
                                                                                         followed  by the six oxi-
                                                                                         dation ponds.

                                                                              Tes        No Information provided
                                                                                         by Company  officials.
                                                                              Tea        Nona scheduled  In the
                                                                                         next five yesrs.
Jan. 1. 1972


Jan. 1, 1972
Unknown


Unknown



   Ho




   Ho
Unknown


Unknown



  Tea




  Tes
a/ Presently discharge le to Mill Creek; It affecta water quality of  the Calcasleu Elver.
b/ When suitable treatment of the waste source Is obtained,  the  treated  wastewater will  be  used for  cooling tower makeup water.
cj Deep well disposal of wastes Is not an acceptable treatment for "sour water."
d./ This new treatment facility was recently put Into operation and had not  stabilised)  therefore.  It was  not providing adequate  treatment at  thai  tlaw
   of the survey.
e/ The Company has an EPA Research and Development Grant for the development  of  this new Industrial  waatewater treatment facility.
tj The Company uaea Bayou Verdlne and a 2.5-mlle ditch to treat  waetewater.

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                                                                  11
     It ii recommended that appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated




against those industries cited in Group 1 for discharging to a navigable




scream or tributary thereof those materials that place them in violation




of the Refuse Act of 1899.  In addition, the refinery of Cities Service




Oil Company has constructed a deep well for disposal of "sour water" from



the catalytic cracking operations.  Since "sour water" is treatable by



ammonia stripping and sulfide recovery, there is no Justification for deep



veil injection.  It is recommended that legal steps be taken to prevent




deep well disposal by the Cities Service Oil Company refinery.



     Recommendations contingent upon timely implementation of proposed




treatment improvements are made for those industries given in Group 2.




For these Industries recommendations are that adequacy of treatment be



reevaluated after facilities are placed in operation, and if the water



quality is found to be inadequate, appropriate abatement proceedings be




initiated.




     The recommendation is made for all Industries surveyed that the dis-




charge permit, to be issued by the Corps of Engineers, limit discharges of



those materials now in violation of the Refuse Act of 1899 to levels con-




sistent with the best available treatment and water quality standards for



the Calcasieu River.



     During the period of these studies, waste treatment and disposal



practices at seven additional industries could not be evaluated owing, in




most cases, to the seasonal nature of the operations.  It is recommended



that the waste discharges from these Industries be evaluated during the




period of operation.

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                                                                   12
     Limited sampling of tributary streams and municipal effluents failed




to identify sources of mercury that pollute much of the Calcasieu River




Basin, including tributaries that are unaffected by the industrial wastes




evaluated.  This limited sampling did not shed new light on the source(s)




of mercury.  It is recommended that additional studies be carried out in




the Upper and Lower Calcasieu River Basin in order to identify the mercury



sources.

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                                              13
CALCASIEU PAPER COMPANY PLANT
    ELIZABETH, LOUISIANA

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                                                                  -  '     14



                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
     The Calcasieu Paper Company (a Kraft process mill)  and Che Iron Kraft



Bag Company (adjacent Co the mill) are divisions of Unijax Corporation,



Vest la; annex, Jacksonville, Florida.  Both firms contribute significantly



to the economy of the area.  There is no bleaching of pulp at the paper



company, where the capacity is 350 tons per day.  The raw materials  used



are wood, salt, coke, lime, caustic soda, and sodium sulfate.  (The  product



is converted to wrapping paper and bags by the adjacent bag company.)



     About 850 persona are employed at the two plants.  The mill operates



continuously.  During the visit of EPA personnel, this plant was not



operating at full capacity.  Two engineers, one chemist, and a laboratory



technician are assigned full-tine to water pollution control at the  Kraft



process mill.




Water Supply



     Seven wells, each rated at 900 gpmt provide a total of 9 >gd of



vater.  This water is used for processing, cooling, boiler feed, fire



control, and sanitary purposes.




Existing Waste Treatment



     Major sources of wastewater are the white water from the paper machines



and the black liquor (spent cooking liquor) from the pulp process.  White



water and cooling water blowdown are released, without treatment, to Kill



Creek, which flows for 14 miles through West lay Wildlife Management Area



before discharging to the Opper Calcasieu River •  The black liquor is



treated in the oxidation ponds that overflow to Mill Creek.  During an EPA

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                                r;   is                       l~2





tour of the mill (April 2, 1971) black liquor  was  being dischargedt along



with the the white water, directly to Mill Creek.   Company officials



•tated that this was not a routine occurrence, but was due to a breakdown



in the pulp process.  The resulting effluent was black in appearance and



ranged in temperature from 36* to 42*C.




Chronology of Contacts



     On April 2, 1971, M. R. Helton and R. D.  Harp of EPA's  DFI-DC met with



J. E. Mailhaus, the Calcasieu Paper Company  plant  manager, to collect in-



formation on wastewater disposal practices at  the  plant.  E. D. Anthony, Jr.,



eaforceaent programs specialist, Region VI,  EPA, Dallas, Texas, had arranged



for the meeting on March 31.



     Subsequent to the April 2 meeting (about  a veek later)  the Plant



Manager was contacted by DFI-DC representatives and a request was made  to



sample the plant discharges*  Mr. Mailhaus was informed that effluent



sampling was in conjunction with a water quality survey of the Calcasieu



River Basin.



     Mr. Mailhaus objected to the planned sampling regime that included



sampling of the plant effluent at the outfall, at  the Company's property



fence.  Be asserted that the waste receives  additional  treatment while



flowing in Hill Creek and claimed It was the Company's  right to use the



stream for treatment purposes.  The investigating  team  explained to



Mr. Mailhaus that the Refuse Act applies to  waste  discharges at the point



of discharge to the naturally occurring waterways  that  are classified as



navigable or as tributaries to navigable streams.   Permission was granted



to sample at the point of discharge (MC-2).  Mill  Creek was  also sampled



Dear the mouth  (MC-1).

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                               If '    16                        i-3





                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS



     Samples (125 ml. aliquots) were composited every two hours,  for a 24-



hour period, commencing aC 6:25 a.m., April 19.  A grab sample for oil and



grease analysis vaa taken at 8:25 a.m.,  April 19.  Eight days later, water



quality and sediment samples vere collected from Mill Creek and from the



Calcaaleu River upstream and downstream from the mouth of Mill Creek.



[Descriptions of the sampling stations and their locations are shown in



fable 1-1 and Figure 1-1, respectively.   Analytical results from the sampling



program are listed in Table 1-2.)



     During the sampling period, the Calcasieu Paper Company was discharg-



ing 8.7 agd, carrying a load of 10,900 Ibs of TOG; 36,700 Ibs of COD;



26,200 Ibs of suspended solids; and 290 Ibs of oil and grease.  Samples



collected at KC-1 and at the CR-2Q and CR-21 stations indicated that the



wastes carried by Mill Creek increased the TOC and suspended solids con-



centrations in the Calcasieu River from 11 mg/1 to 15 mg/1, and from IS mg/1



to 49 mg/1 (35 percent and 170 percent,  respectively).



     Bottom sediments from MC-2 near the point of discharge contained 25



percent volatile materials, while the sediments from MC-1 near the mouth



of Mill Creek contained 3.8 percent volatiles [Table E-l, Appendix I].



The differential confirms that substantial decomposition of discharged



solids from the Calcasieu Paper Company takes place in Kill Creek,





         DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION



     The Louisiana Stream Control Cosalssion recently approved the discharge



levels of certain materials based on data submitted them by Calcasieu Paper



Company.  A summary of the information from the Commission is as follows:

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                                                17
                                                                                               N
                                                                                     Not To Scale
Figure 1-1.  Effluent g  Receiving  Water Sampling locations (or Calcasitu Paper Company

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                                                                 1-4
                                       18
                               TABLE 1-1

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Boater                          Description andRemarks

CAL-1     Santple taken 20 yards downstream from the point where the "Front
          Ditch" and "Back Ditch" combine at the headwaters of Hill Creek.
          Mill Creek la a tributary to the Calcasieu Elver.

CR-20     Calcaaieu River at Highway 26 bridge (USGS 135) downstream from
          the couth of Mill Creek.

CR-21     Calcasieu Elver at bridge in Sec 15, T4 and RAW upstream from
          the mouth of Kill Creek.

MC-1      Mill Creek near mouth at USGS 134.5.

MC-2      Mill Creek south of Elizabeth, Louisiana.

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                    TABLE 1-2




SUMMARY OF ANALTTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS*/
Conductivity
Plow pH (imhOB/cra
Sta
CAL-1
CR-20
CR-a
MC-1
MC-2
Sta
CAL-1
CR-20
01-21
MC-1
MC-2
rnd range range
8.71 7.2-11.2 320-5.000
6.5- 7.3
7.4- 8.0
6.4- 6.6
7.6- 9.3
Oil IP Crease
BR/1 Ibs/day
4 290




composite
750
117
75.5
2.000
12,800
Cadmium
me/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05

Temp . , Solids
*C TOC COD2' total SUSP
ranee me/1 Ibs/day BR/1 Ibs/day BR/1 Ibs/day Be/1 Ibs/day
36-42 150 10.900 504 36.700 918 66.800 360 26.200
23 15 182 49
20-22 11 116 18
22 48 200 451
36-37 390 560 1.810
Chromium Mercury, Copper Lead^ Aluminum
BR/1 Ibs/day ue/1 BR/I ae/1 BR/!
0.10 7 <0.1
<0.02 <0.1 <0.02 <0.1 1.5
<0.02 <0.1 <0.02 <0.1 2.4
<0.1
<0.1
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F. '
b/ COD analyses were performed when TOG values exceeded 20 Bg/1.
c/ No Interference froa calcium detected. 7*
1/1
              19

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     Date of Application:         August 20, 1970
     Quantity of Discharge:       II cfa
     Temperature:                 Equivalent to stream temperature
     Turbidity;                   80
     True Color:                  133
     Organic Materials:           8,883 Ibs/day, equivalent to ISO ppm
     Inorganic Materials:         11,843 Ibs/day, equivalent to 200 ppm
     Ho toxic materials were listed in the application.  Discharge is to
     the Upper Calcasieu liver.
                      PIDfOSED MASTE TREATMENT

     According to Company officials, a. new waste treatment facility has

been designed and is scheduled to be completed within the next year.  The

major portion of the present vastewater flow will be reclrculated.   The

proposed system is designed to reduce BOD to 25 ag/1, suspended solids to

25 mg/1, and color to 100 AIM units.  The "treatment" afforded by  Mill

Creek will, according to Company estimates, reduce the BOD at the mouth of

Mill Creek by an additional 75 percent.  Company officials contend,

further, that the constituents in the wastevater vill be reduced corres-

pondingly by treatment in Mill Creek, thus causing a negligible effect on

the Upper Calcaaieu liver.


                             CONCLUSIONS

     It is concluded that:

     1.  Because Kill Creek flows, for its entire length downstream from

the point of discharge, through the Vest Bay Wildlife Management Area,

using the stream as a treatment facility is unacceptable;

     2.  Whereas the Calcasieu Faper Company has Indicated intent to claia

use of Mill Creek as part of the treatment process subsequent to the

installation of nev treatment facilities, use of a tributary to a navi-

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                                                                  1-7
gable stream for waste treatment or disposal is a violation of the Refuse



Act and, in the case of Mill Creek, constitutes s violation of Louisiana
     3.  f resent treatment allows for the dally discharge to a tributary of



s navigable streaa of 10t900 Ibs of carbonaceous materials; 26,200 Ibs,



suspended solids; and 290 Ibs of oil and grease, thus constituting viola-



tions of Section 407, River* and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).





                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is recommended that:



     1.  The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward initiation



of suitable treatment by July 1, 1972, and evaluate the effectiveness of



treatment by January 1, 1973, to ascertain that effluent quality at the



point of discharge is adequate for release into a wildlife refuge.



     2.  the Office of Enforcement, EFA, notify the Louisiana Stream Con-



trol Commission that:



     a)  The Calcssieu Paper Company claims the right to use Mill Creek



         for waste treatment, is presently doing so, and intends to con-



         tinue the practice subsequent to construction of new treatment



         facilities and that,



     b)  Mill Creek is the property of the State of Louisiana, by virtue



         of LSA - l.S. 9:51 Section 1101, and the statute gives specific



         guidance in the control of pollution "... injurious to «... aquatic



         life or wild or domestic animals or fowls."



     3.  If the implementation of this treatment program is not carried out



according to schedule, or if treatment is not adequate, consideration be

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                                                                  1-8





given to initiating appropriate abatement actions against the Coapany,



     4.  The discharge permit, to be Issued by the Corps of Engineers,  limit



discharges of BOD, COD, TOG, suspended solids, color, and toxic materials



to levels consistent with applicable water quality standards and beat



available treatment.

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THE CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
         LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

-------
                                     24
                                                                 n-i
                         GENERAL INTORMAT ION



     la conjunction vlth other chemical plants and petroleum refineries,



the Cities Services Oil Company i« a substantial contributor to  the



economy in the Lower Calcasieu River area.  Coopany operations are involved



in the production of petroleum products, petrochemicals,  and butyl rubber.



     The Cities Service Oil Company (P, 0* Box 1562, Lake Charles, Louisiana



70601) has four industrial plants located in the Lake Charles area;



     (1)  Cities Service Oil Company Butyl Rubber;



     (2)  Cities Service Oil Coopany Refinery;



     (3}  Cities Service Oil Company Lube and Wax; and



     (4)  Cities Service Oil Company Petrochemical and Ethylene  Fropylene.



     On March 25, 1971, W. C. Blackman, Jr., M. 1. Helton, and J.  L.  Hatheway,



DF1-DC, EPA, set with T. W. Klrby, assistant superintendent for  laboratories,



at the Cities Service Oil Company, in order to obtain information  for a



waste source Inventory.  T. P. Harrison, Enforcement Office, EPA,  Region  71,



had nade arrangements for the aeetiug.  A tour of the four plants  vas con-



ducted during the March 25 visit.  (Mr. Kirby would not permit the investi-



gators to take photographs within the plant property).



     Subsequent contact was made with Mr* Kirby on April  15, by  R, D. Harp



and Mr* Hatheway, both of DFI-DC, to plan the industrial  waste sampling



program being conducted in conjunction with a water quality survey of the



Calcasieu River Basin.



     Permission to sample all effluent discharges was granted by Mr.  K.irby;



however, permission to sample process wastes prior to treatment  was not



granted.

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                                                                 n-2
     Pertinent information and results  of  Che  Investigation of waste treat-



Meat ami disposal practices at each Cities Service  facility are discussed



below.

-------
                                 26



                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION                                 p

                                                                              a
facility Description

                                                                              VI
     The Butyl rubber plant operates continuously.   Eighty-seven people


are employed in the rubber production operation.  The rated plant capacity

                                                                              w
la 84 Billion Ibs per year of Butyl rubber, the plant's  primary product.

                                                                              r*
By-products, such as isobutylene, isoprene, and methyl chloride, are


recycled into the production process.   The raw materials that are employed
                                                                              ye

include isobutylene, isoprene, zinc stearate, aluminum chloride, and


natural gas.



Hater Supply


     Water, for process and cooling purposes, is  obtained from one 1,000


gp« (1.44 ngd) well.  Boiler feed water is supplied from stean condensate


is the refinery feed.



Existing Waste Treatment


     Oily wastewaters from the Butyl plant are discharged to the oxidation


pond at the Cities Service Oil Company refinery.  Once-through cooling


water, other wastewater, and blowdown from a cooling tower are discharged


to the Lower Calcasieu River without treatment.


     The effluent, froa a commercial chromate recovery process, is ~ ac-


cording to Company information — essentially free  of chromate, although


       contain zinc on the order of 2-3 ng/1 as zinc stearate.
                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS


     Aliquot* (125 al) of the effluent were composited every two hours for


24 hoars, commencing at 7:35 a.m., April 21, 1971.  Samples were taken

-------
                                  27                           n~4





fro* the outfall ditch near the Lover Calcasieu liver [Figure 2-1].  A grab



•ample was collected, at 3:40 p.a., April 17, for oil and grease analysis.



Shrinp survival studies were conducted in the Lover Calcasieu Elver in the



vicinity of this discharge.  Water and sediment sample* were collected in



the Lover liver upstream and downstream Iron the point of industrial dis-



charge.  [The sampling points are described ia fable 2-1, their locations



shown In Figure 2-1.1



     [Analyses 'of the effluent and stream samples are listed in Table 2-2.1



During the 24-hour sampling period, pollutant loads discharged included 6



Ibs of chromium; 2,470 Ibs, COD; 410 Ibs, IOC; 2,160 Ibs, suspended solids;



and 100 Ibs of oil and grease.



     Survival studies using white shrinp were conducted (following methods



outlined in Appendix C) in situ at industrial site stations CR-2.1 and 4.2



and at the Control Stations (CR-11.2 and 1) [Figure 2-1],  Total mortality,



within 24 hours [Appendix D], of the shrimp at CR-4.1 and 4.2, precluded



taste and odor studies.  After a similar 24-hour exposure period, shrimp



mortalities at the Control Stations vere 10 and 20 percent, respectively



(Appendix D].  Although it is not known which constituents or combinations



of constituents in the Elver caused total mortality at stations CR-4.1



aad CR-4, It is clear that the stream quality at this location is toxic



to native shrimp.



     Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2  [Table 2-1], are located in the



Lover Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination fron



Industrial wastes.  Station CR-1 is located downstream fron Industrial



discharges and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other

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     .A.  1O8
                                  r
                                    HERCULES  PLANT
                                  I	1
                                                                           _J
                                                                           0.
t-
3
CD

u
(/I
u
                             CR-3
                                                                                CR-3.3
                                                                                                   CR-5
                                                                                                     CR-4,2
               CITIES SERVICE  OIL CO
                                                                      CR-3.1
                                                                                   Not To Scale
Figure 2-1.   Edluent i Retei«ii| later Samplini Localions for  Cities  Seifice  Oil Co.  • Butyl  Plant & Refinery

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                                                                 II-5
                               TABLE 2-1

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING HATER SAMPLING POINTS

Station
Huaber	                 Description and Rea«rk«___T_

CSC-1     Samples collected from the drainage ditch at a point Just before
          it empties into the Lower Calcasieu River (ditch parallels the
          north fence of the Cities Service refinery plant).

CR-1      Lover Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream of intra-
          coastal waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control Station).

CR-4      Lover Calcasieu River upstream of Cities Service refinery effluent
          and dovnstreaa from the Butyl rubber plant effluent.

CR-4.1    Lover Calcaaieu River, northwest shore, at discharge of the Butyl
          robber plant.

CR-4.2    Lover Calcasieu River, opposite the Butyl rubber plant.

CR-5      Lover Calcasieu River near Channel Marker 108.

CR-11.2   Lover Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island just
          vest of Lake Charles (Control Station).

-------
                                                                 TABLE 2-2

                                        SUMMARY OF ANALTTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS4^


Sta
CSC-1

CR-4
CR-5
Sta
CSC-1
CR-4
CR-5
Conductivity Temp . .
Flow pH umhoa/cm *C TOC COD-'
•gd range range corap range BR/1 Iba/day mg/1 Iba/day
1.70 7.2-9.8 1.000- 2.300 22- 29 410 170 2,470
3.500 30.5
7.1-8.3 13.000 24-24 9.4, 12s/
6.8-8.6 13.400 23-24 9.4. 13s/
CadmluB Chromium Mercury Copper Lead
•a/1 OK/1 Iba/day ug/1 aw/l «g/l
<0.05 0.40 6 <0.1 <0.02 <0.1


Sollda
total suap Oil t Crease
mg/1 Iba/day ng/1 Iba/dav ma/1 Iba/day
1,480 21,000 152 2.160 7 100

8,610 14
8,980 16



a/ Analytical procedurea ara outlined In Appendix F.
b/ COD analyaea were perfomed when TOC valuea excaedad 20 mg/1.
c/ Two compoaltua taken (aornlng and afternoon).

-------
                                 3i
                                                                 II-7
•tation*.  Station CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial  dis-

charges and baa vater with lover salinity levels Chan has Station  Cl-1.


        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December  16,  1970)

the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted  by the

Cities Service Oil Company for its Butyl plant.  A summary of the  infor-

mation from the Commission files is as follows:

     Quantity of Discharge:       0.9 cfs
     Temperature:                 65-87°F.
     Turbidity:                   25-60 JTTJ
     True Color:                  20-30
     Organic Materials (oil):     1? Ibs/day - 3 ppm
     Inorganic Materials:         4300 Ibs/day - 900 ppm
     Toxic Materials:
          Chromium                0 Ibs/day - 0 ppm
          Zinc                    4 Ibs/day - 1 ppm
          Mercury                 0 Ibs/day - 0 ppm
     Dissolved Oxygen:            SOZ Saturation


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     The Company's laboratory personnel are presently experimenting  tilth

new treatment processes; no schedule for upgrading treatment  has been made

known..  The Intent, according to Mr. tirby, Is to reuse treated  vastewater

ss cooling make-up vater in the Butyl plant.


                             CONCLUSIONS

     It is concluded that:

     1.  The present discharges of heavy metals, carbonaceous materials,

suspended solids, and oil and grease, constitute violations of Section  407,

Rivera and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).

     2.  The stream near the effluent discharge Is toxic to native shrimp.

-------
                                     32




     3,  Even though aa effort is being made to develop and implement  a



suitable treatment and reuse scheme, no implementation schedule vas  made



known to the EPA investigators.





                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It Is recommended that:



     1.  The Office of Enforcement, IPA, in cooperation with appropriate



State and local authorities, monitor progress toward implementation  of



suitable treatment processes at The Cities Service Oil Company Butyl



Rubber plant.



     2.  If a schedule for implementation of suitable treatment is not in



effect by June 1, 1972, consideration be given to initiating appropriate



abatement actions against the Company for the discharge of chromium;



carbonaceous materials; suspended solids; and oil and grease to the



Calcasieu River, a navigable stream.



     3.  When a suitable schedule is implemented, the Office of Enforcement,



EPA, monitor progress toward completion, and take appropriate action at any



time that the Company falls behind the schedule.



     4.  The Corps of Engineers permitt to be issued, limit concentrations



of BOD; COD; TOC; of suspended solids; oil and grease; heavy metals; and



complex organics to levels consistent with best available treatment  and



with the water quality standards for the Lower Calcasieu River.

-------
                                    33
                                                                 II-9
                       BACKGROUND IHIORMATION


Taciltty Description                                                           P

                                                                               u
     The plant operates continuously.  The production work force includes


approximately 1000 employees.


     The refinery produces propane; propylene;  o-xylene and other aromatic


chemicals; aviation gas; motor gas; Jet fuel; kerosene; dieael fuel;  fur-
                                                                               Hi

nace oil; carbon black feed; residual fuel; coke;  and feed stocks for


lubes, vases, and petrochemicals*


     Crude oils, light hydrocarbons (to butane), diethylglycol, and pyrro-


lidine are the raw materials used in the operation.   Others, used in  the


process, include sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitors,


oxidation inhibitors, and tetraethyl lead.



Water Supply


     Water for the refinery is obtained from the Calcasieu liver for  non-


contact cooling (360 ngd) .  Seven wells, each rated  at 1,000 gpm (1,44 mgd) ,


provide process water, cooling water, and boiler feed*


     Analyses of the river intake water [fable  2-3]  indicate that it  contained


0.2 yg/1 Mercury; 0.1 mg/1 lead; 9 mg/1 TOC; and 31  tog /I suspended solids


on the day of sampling.



Existin
     Once- through cooling water from the power plant as well as oily wastes


from the refinery and the Butyl rubber plant are treated in a 28-acre


oxidation lagoon.  It discharges to a second pond that vas dredged in


Indian Karais.  The second pond's outlet, to the Lower Calcasieu liver

-------
                     TABLE 2-3


SUMMARY OF ANALTTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
            FROM FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Sta
CSC-2
CSC- 24
CSC-3
CSC-4
CR-3
CE-4
liar7 _*«_
Bed ranee
290
290
58
400


7.3-8.2
7.3-8.3
7.0-7.9
7.1-7.8
7.1-8.0
7.1-8.3
Conductivity
linhoa/cm
ranee
14.000-18,000
14,500-17,000
13.000rl6.000
15.000-20.000


comp •
13.600
13,000
12,800
13,600
14,850
13.000
Temp
•c
range
32-37
32-34
33-36
23-25
25-25
24-24
TOC COI
me/1
15
230
13
9
9.8. 13
9.4. 12
Iba/dav rae/1
36,300
557.000 520
6.300
30,000
d/
d/

Sollda
^ total
Iba/day me/1
9.220
1.26 X 106 9,850
8,710
9.760
9,580
1 8,610
Ibs/day
22.3 X 106
23.9 X 106
4.2 X 106
32.6 X 106





•usp Oil t Creaae
mg/1
38
220
27
31
9
14
Iba/day mg/1
92.000 5
533.000
13.000
103.500


Iba/day
12.100





                34
                                                                                            I
                                                                                           M
                                                                                           O

-------
                                                               TABLE 2-3 (continued)

                                         SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
                                                     FROM FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM
Sta
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-3
CSC-4
CH-3
CH-4
Cadmium
oa/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.03
<0.05
<0.05

Chromium
ma/1 Ibs/day
0.02 48
0.14 340
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02

Mercury
UK/1
0.2
1.0
0.3
0.2
4.6

Ibs/day
0.4843
2.422
0.1443
0.6680


Copper
BiK/1 Ibs/day
0.04 97
0.11 266
0.04 19
<0.02
<0.02

Lead
mit/1 Ibs/day
0.2s/ 485
4.0s/ 9,690
0.2s/ 95
0.1s/ 335
<0.1
I
Aluminum NtU as N
•8/1 ng/1 Ibs/day
10.1 24.500



«0.5

•/ Analytical procedures are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ Flow data, provided by T. V. Klrby, compare with Information coll«ct«d ttom Louisiana Stn
c/ COD analysea were performed when TOC values exceeded 20 *g/l.
d/ Two composite* taken (morning  and afternoon).
«/ No Interference from calcium detected.
Control Commission file*.
                                                          35

-------
                                36                               n-12






(Station CSC-2A), IB equipped vith a steel curtain that extends approxl-



•ately three feet belev the water surface.  This curtain functions as a



skimmer to prevent the discharge of floating oil and is hinged to a cat-



walk so that It can pivot with the direction of flow of the water.  When



there is barge traffic on the River, the curtain Is observed to pivot with



flows moving from the waterway upstream into the second pond.  Flow through



this system is approximately 288 mgd [Figure 2-1}.



     Condenser cooling water is discharged without treatment directly to



the Lower Calcasieu River.  This discharge amounts to approximately 57.6 mgd.





                 FIEST SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS



     Aliquots (250 ml) were composited every four hours, commencing at



7:55 a.m., April 21, at four sampling stations in the refinery [Figure 2-1],



[Description of these stations and of the stream stations sampled Is pro-



vided In Table 2-4.]  A grab sample for oil and grease analysis was obtained



at CSC-2 at 3:15 p.m., April 17.  On April 21, at 11:00 a.m. another grab



sample was taken, at Station CSC-2, for organic analysis.   [Analytical



results and field measurements recorded are listed in Table 2-3.1



     Analysis of the upper pond effluent was carried out to determine com-



plex organlcs [Table 2-51.  Normal aliphatic hydrocarbons identified in the



effluent sample represent a portion of the oil and grease discharged by



the Company refinery.  High concentrations of phenolic compounds vere



also observed in the effluent.  In these concentrations (as discharged from



the refinery), the compounds are toxic to aquatic life and may have a detri-



mental effect on the receiving waters.

-------
                                                                 11-13
                                     37

                               fABLE 2-4

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number                           Description

CSC-2     Effluent from the refinery lagoon at the outlet structure,
          approximately 1,000 ft from the Lover Calcasieu River.

CSC-2A    Samples collected at the point vhere the effluent froa  the
          refinery enters the Lover Calcasieu River.

CSC-2B    Samples collected at aid-depth at center of second pond dredged
          froa Indian Marais.

CSC-2C    Effluent from tvo small ponds, which are part of the refinery's
          treatment, that are located on the south aide of Indian Maraia*
          Effluent enters Indian Maraia Just upstream of second pond.

CSC-3     Samples collected from the power plant effluent before  it
          enters the Lover Calcasieu River (Dock C).   Flow is approxi-
          mately 40,000 gpm.

CSC-A     Cooling water supply to the refinery (approximately 200,000  gpa).
          Samples collected at the forebay cf the puap house, (source
          Lover Calcasieu River).

CR-1      Lover Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstreaa  of intra-
          coastal waterway), near channel marker 92 (Control Station),

CR-3      Lover Calcasieu River at Channel Marker 106, downstream from the
          Bain effluent of the Company refinery.

CR-3.1    Lover Calcasieu River, east shore opposite the main refinery
          discharge.

CR-3.2    Lover Calcasieu River, vest shore at industrial discharge of
          the refinery.

CR-3.3    Lover Calcasieu River, east shore, and opposite Cities  Service
          Bain refinery discharge.

CR-4      Lover Calcasieu liver upstream of Cities Service refinery
          effiufent and downstream from the Company Butyl rubber plane
          effluent.

CR-11.2   Lover Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island  just
          vest of Lake Charles (Control Station).

-------
                                                                 11-14

                              r -     as

                               TABLE 2-5

                     RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Compound                          Concentration            Load
Identified                            (iig/1)               Ib/day

Dodecane                              0.031                 79
Heptadecane                           0.022                 S3
Hexadecane                            0.026                 66
Nonadecane                            0.013                 33
2-Methylnaphthalene                   0.013                 33
0-Cresol                              0.120                300
Octadecane                            0,017                 43
Pentadecane                           0.030                 76
Phenol                                0.200                510
Tetradecane               .            0.039                 99
Tridecane                             0.042                107
Undecane                              0.027                 69
1-Methylnaphthalene                   0.005                 12

-------
                                                                 -11-15
                                        39

     At the time sampling vaa being planned,  the DPI-DC investigating teas

indicated to officials of the Company that, since the second pond had been

dredged from a natural tributary (Indian Maraia) and is subject to tidal

action, the discharge from the first pond (CSC-2) should be considered to

be the point of discharge and, therefore, the point to be sampled.  These

officials claimed that the second pond constitutes a segment of the treat-

vent process, and that the flow past the curtain into the Lower Calcasieu

River (CSC-2A) should be sampled.  Since the dispute could not be resolved,

it was finally agreed that both points would be sampled — the dispute to

be resolved after consultation with respective legal staffs.

     Substantial differences in quality were found to exist between the

two sampling points [fable 2-4].  Calculated loads discharged, during the

24-hour period, at CSC-2 included 36,300 Ibs of TOC; 92,000 Ibs, suspended

solids; 12,100 Ibs, oil and grease; 48 Ibs, chromium; 0.48 Ibs, mercury;

97 Ibs, copper; 485 Ibs of lead; and 1.7 X 10   calories of heat*  Calculated

loads discharged at CSC-2A, during the 24-hour sampling period, included

1,260,000 Ibs of COD; 557,000 Ibs, TOC; 533,000 Ibs, suspended solids;

340 Ibs, chromium; 2.42 Ibs, mercury; 266 Ibs, copper; and 9,690 Ibs of lead.

     Because the curtain caused the materials to be discharged at depths of

at least 6 feet in the Lower River, oil and grease were not measured at

CSC-2A; however, oil rises in widely dispersed patches well downstreaa

from the curtain.  Thus, it was not possible to obtain a representative

sairple with the equipment at hand.

     The cause of the differences in the concentrations at the two points

is not clear.  Possible causes include unknown dlscharge(s) to the second

-------
                                                                  11-16
                                          4u

pood; unobserved discharges from Indian Marais; tidal action causing

buildup in the lower ponds or scouring of bottom materials by flood tides

passing beneath the curtain; and the elimination of interfering substances

within the lover pond.  The possibility of sampling error is discounted

because various parts of the analyses and standards vere carefully recbecked,

Moreover, concentrations of TOC, suspended solids, lead, and mercury vere at

least five tiaes greater at CSC-2A than at CSC-2.  Also, all concentrations

measured vere higher to some degree at the outlet from the second pond.

Zf analytical or sampling errors vere involved, such a pattern would not

have prevailed.

     -Based upon the contention by Company officials that Station

CSC-2A is most representative of the discharge by the refinery, the net

loads discharged during the 24-hour sampling period vere calculated by

adding loads from stations CSC-2A and CSC-3, and by subtracting the intake

loads at CSC-4.  (Flows used in calculating the loads vere furnished by

Company officials.)  The loads thus calculated include 533,000 Ibs of TOC;

443,000 Ibs of suspended solids; 340 Ibs, chromium; 1.9 Ibs, mercury; 285

Ibs, copper; and 9,400 Ibs of lead.  As indicated earlier, discharges

of oil and grease vere not determined at CSC-2A.  The load discharged

at CSC-2 during the 24-hour sampling period was 12,000 Ibs.  The discharges

also added 12 X 1012 calories heat.

     Survival studies, employing vhite shrimp, vere conducted in situ at

industrial sites Stations CR-3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, and 4.2 and at 11.2

and 1 (Figure 2-1] following methods outlined in Appendix C.  A 100 percent

shrimp mortality [Appendix D] at all industrial site stations within a

-------
                                     4i                         n"17

24-hour exposure period, precluding taste and odor studies.  Shrimp at

Control Stations CR-11.2 and CR-1 [Figure 2-1] had 24-hour mortalities

of 10 and 20 percent, respectively [Appendix D],

     A sediment sample, collected below the main discharge (station CR-3.2),

vas composed of black soft sediment having * strong petrochemical odor

[Table E-l, Appendix E).  Almost 20 percent of the sample vas volatile

•aterials.  An OSI value of 2.8 indicates an organic sludge undergoing

decay and decomposition.  The sediment also contained S.4 ug/g of mercury.


                 SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     This section summarizes the results of the second sampling program

of Cities Service Oil Company refinery.

     As noted in the section titled "First Sampling Program and Results",

discrepancies connotating differences in quality were perceived between

two sampling points, CSC-2 and CSC-2A [Table 2-3).  Because of these dis-

crepancies a second survey vas conducted on October 22 and 23, 1971.

     On October 21, 1971, T. P. Harrison, Enforcement Office, EPA, Region VI

contacted officials of Cities Service Oil Company refinery to make arrange-

ments for the re-sampling program.  On October 22, 1971, J. L. Hathevay,

L. R. Valz, and H. V. Boyle contacted Stan Gilliard of the refinery to

outline and make arrangements for the second survey.  Mr. Gilliard vas

cooperative and agreed to the re-sampling survey as well as to the addition

of station CSC-2B.  He also informed Mr. Hathevay that effective September  19,

1971, the refinery begaa discharging "sour water"* at a rate of 325 gpn to

a deep veil.
* "Sour water" is a trade term that identifies a process waste which con-
   tains high concentrations of hydrogen sulflde, ammonia, and phenols.

-------
                                       42                        "-is






     Aliquot* (125 nl) vere composited every two hours commencing at



12:15 p.m., on October 22, 1971, at six sampling atations in the refinery



[Figure 2-1].  [Description of these stations is provided in Table 2-4.]



At stations CSC-2A and CSC-2B the samples vere collected at a. point below



the steel curtain and at aid-depth, respectively.  The samples collected



from the lover pond (CSC-2B) consisted of a composite of two grab samples.



     On October 23, grab samples for oil and grease analysis vere obtained



at stations CSC-2A and CSC-2 at 10:30 and 10:40 a.m., respectively.  At



the request of Cities Service Oil Company personnel, all collected



samples vere divided and a portion given to them; the remainder was for-



warded to EPA laboratories for analysis.  {Analytical results and field



measurements of the second sampling program are listed in Table 2-6.]



     During the 24-hour period, vaste loads discharged from the refinery



vere calculated by adding loads from stations CSC-2A and CSC-3, and sub-



tracting the intake loads at CSC-4,  Flows used in calculating the loads



vere furnished by Company officials and compare with information in



Louisiana Stream Control Commission files.  The daily loads calculated



Include 25,000 Ibs of COD; 3000 Ibs, suspended solids; 16 Ibs, chromium;



134 Ibs, copper; 167 Iba, lead; 12,000 Ibs of oil and grease, and 11 X 1012



calories of heat.





        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAK CONTROL COMMISSION



     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)



the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by the



Cities Service Oil Company for its refinery.  A summary of the information



from the Commission files is as follows:

-------
                     TABLE 2-6


SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS

          FROM SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Station
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-2B
CSC-2C
CSC-3
CSC-4
Flotfb/
ned
290
290
290

58
400
Conductivity
limhoa/cm
range
18,000-21.000
18.500-22.000
22.000

16,000-22.000
18.000-23.000
Temp
•c
range
35-38
31-35
35

35-39
25-26
TOC
on/1
<5
<5
<5
89
<5
<5
COD
DC/1
190
140
120
S20
110
110
Ibs/day
459,000
339,000
291.000

53.000
367.000


Solids
total
OH/1

14.500
14.700
14,300
14.000
14,300
Iba/day

35.1
35.6

6.78
47.7

X106
X106

X106
X106


SUSP
nit/1
50
40
40
160
80
40
Ibs/day
121,000
97,000
97.000

39.000
133.000
              43
                                                                                            I
                                                                                           M
                                                                                           VO

-------
                                             TABLE 2-6  (continued)

                             SDMMART Of ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
                                       FROM SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM
Station
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-2B
CSC-2C
CSC-3
CSC-4
Oil and Creaae Cadmium
BR/1 Ibs/day nit/1 Ibs/day
9 22.000 <0.01
5 12.000 <0.01
<0.01
0.02
, 0.02 10
<1 0.01 33
Chromium
OR/1
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.44
0.02
0.02
Iba/day
73
73
73

10
67
Copper
BK/1
0.10
0.16
0.14
0.33
0.10
0.09
Ibs/day
242
387
339

48
301
LeadE/
m(t/l
0.19
0.14
0.08
0.63
0.06
0.06
Iba/dar
459
338
194

29
200
a/ Analytical procedure* are outlined  In Appendix F.
b/ Flow data, provided by T. W. Klrby, compare with information collected fro* Loulalana Stream Control
   Coomlaaion files.
e/ No Interference fro* calclua detected.
                                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                                           NJ
                                                                                                                           o
                                       44

-------
                               45

     Quantity of Discharge;       535 cfa
     Temperature;                 68-102"F
     Turbldltys                   25-60 JTU
     True Color:                  60
     Organic Materials (Oil):     17,300 Ibs/day - 6 ppm
     Organic Materials (BOD):     98,400 Ibs/day - 34 ppm
     Inorganic Materials:*        100,000 Ibs/day - 37 ppm
     Toxic Materials:
        Chromate                  80 Ibs/day - 0.03 ppm
        Phenol                    1,205 Ibs/day - 0.45 ppm
        Zinc                      117 Iba/day - 0.13 ppm
        Mercury                   0 Ibs/day - 0 ppm.


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     Towers are being constructed at the Cities Service Oil Company refinery

that will permit recirculatlon of cooling water.  Operation of the cooling

facilities will reduce flow through the ponds by approximately 130 mgd.

     Aa noted earlier, EPA investigators were not permitted to sample the

process wastes entering the pond system.  As a result, the present treat-

ment capability could not be determined.  Since the detention time will

remain short, reduction of the flow through the system by 130 mgd cannot be

expected to increase materially the treatment efficiency.  The proposed

additional wastewater treatment consists principally of in-plant process

control and primary treatment for the residual.

     At the time of the first EPA investigation, sour water was included

with the wastes treated In the pond system.  A deep well system (4,900 ft)

had been constructed and was being used for disposal of sour water at the

time of the second investigation.  The Cities Service Oil Company refinery

has been issued a permit by the mineral division of the Louisiana Department

of Conservation to operate this disposal well.  The quantity and quality of
* Incoming River water would contain as much aa 53,000,000 Ibs/day of
  dissolved solids, to which the above would be added.

-------
                                                                 11-22
                                    46

the tour water produced is not known but the. disposal veil is raced  at

$00 pgffl (1.15 mgd).


                             CONCLUSIONS

     Frcra tbe data obtained during the second sampling program,  October 22

and 23, 1971, the discharged waste loads, as measured at stations  CSC-2

and CSC-2A, are comparable.  Waste loads at both these stations  are  very

comparable to those measured at station CSC-2 during the first sampling

program.  Tbe reason for the discrepancy between measured waste  loads  at

CSC-2 and CSC-2A during the first survey is not readily apparent.  Operation

of the disposal veil appears to have contributed to the reduction of waste

loads discharged to the liver.  So, it is concluded that:

     1.  The waste loads determined at stations CSC-2 and CSC-2A in  the

second survey confirm the waste load measurement at station CSC-2 in the

first survey.

     2.  The refinery discharges carbonaceous materials; suspended solids;

chromium; mercury; copper; lead; phenols; and heat to the Lower  Calcasieu

Eiver, in violation of Section 407, livers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC:

401-413),

     3*  Observations of receiving waters,-the discharge of oil  and  grease

at station CSC-2A (12,000 Ibs/day), and the character of the bottom  deposits

in the Lower Calcasieu River in the vicinity of the refinery substantiate

that oil and grease in objectionable quantities are being discharged by the

refinery into the River.

     4.  River vater near the refinery discharge is toxic to shrimp, one

of the native forms of aquatic life found in the Lower Calcasieu River.

-------
                                       47   .




     S.  Cooling facilities, which will reduce flow through the pond system,



are under construction.  The pond system will continue to be used for treat-



ing the remaining waste streams and constitutes  primary treatment even



though ponding is no suitable treatment for refinery wastes.



     6.  Operation of the disposal well,  if continued, may result in reduc-



tions in the amounts of ammonia and sulfides and other substances now dis-



charged to the pond systea.  (Such disposal is contrary to EPA policy guide-



lines and previous regulatory practice.)





                           RECOMHENDATIONS



     It is recommended that:



     1.  Consideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement actions



against the Lake Charles Refinery of the Cities  Service Oil Company for



discharges of carbonaceous materials; suspended  solids; chromium; mercury;



copper; lead; phenols; and heat to the Calcasieu River.



     2.  The appropriate Federal District Court  be requested to enjoin



the Cities Service Oil Company from use of the disposal veil because such



practice is contrary to the public Interest and may endanger public water



supplies.



     3.  The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued to this refinery,



limit the discharge of BOD; COD; TOC; suspended  solids; oil and grease;



heavy metals; complex organics; and heat to levels consistent with best



available treatment and with the water quality standards for the Lower



Calcmsleu River*

-------
                                     48


                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION                                  r

                                                                               H
Facility Description


     Ownership of this plant is divided  as follows: approximately two-


thirds by Cities Service Oil Company and one-third by Continental Oil


Company, thus the name Cit-Con.                                                £
                                                                               r

     This lube and wax plant operates continuously.  Of the 454 persons

employed at the plant three are involved in water pollution control


activities,  finished products are liquid paraffin wax; vacuum gas oil;
                                                                               B
                                                                               F
vax slabs; finished neutral oil; finished light intermediate neutral oil;

                                                                               c
finished heavy oil; soft vax by-product; finished bright stock; and amor-      *


phous vax.


     The primary raw material is topped crude.  Rated plant capacity


is 30,000 barrels per day of feed, of which 9,500 barrels are lube stock*      £

                                                                               I
Water Supply                                                                   §
                                                                               v
     Hater for use in this plant is obtained from a series of four veils,      §
                                                                               8)

each of which is rated at 1,000 pgm (1.44 Bgd).  approximately 1,000 gpm

(1.44 mgd) are used for non-contact cooling and 2,000 gpm (2.88 mgd) for

process water.  Hater is also used to slurry fine clay employed as a de-


coloring agent, to disposal pits.


Exlsting,_Has_te± Treatment


     Hastewater discharges from this Industry are treated in a large oxida-


tion pond where gravity separation and skimming of oil and grease are pro-


vided.  The yastswter flow is approximately 3.32 mgd, of which 0.43 mgd is


cooling water.  The oxidation pond has a retention time of about 70 days.


Effluents from this pond and the clay pits discharge to an open channel that

-------
                                    49



subsequently enters Bayou d'Inde [Figure 2-2].





             DISCUSSION OF SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS



     Allquots (125 ml) of the plant effluent were collected every tvo hours



and composited over a 24-hour period commencing at 7:15 a.m. April 21.



{Description of sampling stations is provided in Table 2-7.]  The plant



effluent samples were taken at a railroad bridge (CSC-6), located approxi-



mately 500 feet downstream of the oxidation pond [Figure 2-2].  At this



sampling point the effluent from the clay slurry pits vas thoroughly mixed



vith the pond effluent.  A grab sample vaa collected, at 4:40 p.m. April 17,



for oil and grease analysis,  [Results of the effluent sampling are shown



in Table 2-8.]



     During the 24-hour period of sampling the lube and wax plant discharged



410 Ibs of TOG; 60 Ibs. Nl.-N; 630 Ibs, suspended solids; and 190 Ibs of oil



and grease.



     Shrinp survival studies vere conducted in Bayou d'Inde at station



CR-6.1 [Figure 2-2] and at Control Stations following methods outlined in



Appendix C.  Sediment samplea were collected upstream of the lube and wax



plant and at Station CR-6.2 [Appendix E].



     Survival studies vith shrimp indicate that total mortality occurred



within six hours [Appendix D],  The lack of oxygen in the water or the



toxicity from either industrial wastes or noxious gases (released from



the sludge-covered bottom) was considered aa cause of death.  The 100



percent mortality precluded taate and odor tests.  During this time span,



at CR-11.2 and CR-1, shrimp mortalities vere 10 and 20 percent, respectively.

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                                                                     50
                                                                                       CSC OIL.  REFINING
                                                                                               PLANT
                                                                                                  Not To Scale
Figure 2-2,   tlltueni &  Atceiiinf  later Sampling  Locations lur Cttiis Siniics  Oil  to,  - t«6i & *ai  Plant [CH-CJN1 I  PgtisdiBmical  Plan!

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                                                                 11-26
                                    5i
                               TABLE 2-7

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING HATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Muaiber                            Description and Remark*	

CSC-6    Effluent from oxidation pond of lube and wax plant,  collected  at
         railroad bridge approximately 500 feet downstream from pood.

CR-1     Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (above  intraccastal
         waterway) near channel marker 92 (Control Station),

CR-6.1   Bayou d'Inde downstrean from Cit-Con, and Cities  Service petro-
         chemical plant.

CR-6.2   Bayou d'Inde upstream of Cit-Con, and Cities Service petrochemical
         plant.

CR-11.2  Lower Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island  just
         west of Lake Charles (Control Station),

-------
                                                            TABLE 2-8


                                     SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5/
Sta
CSC-6
Sta
CSC-6
_EH_
Flow ranee
2.91 7.2-8.6
Oil &
•R/l
8
Conductivity
limhoa/cm ..
Temp
•c
ranee composite ranee
460-
340
Crease
Iba/day
190
510 26-29
Cadmium
me/1
<0.03
Solids
TOC total suap
•R/l Ibs/day BR/1 Ibs/dav me/1 Ibs/dar
17 410 361 8.800 26 630
Chromium Mercury Lead
me/1 Iba/day we/1 me/1
0.07 2 <0.1 <0.1
i
NH-, as N
me/1 Ibe/day
2.33 60
Copper
me/1
<0.02
•/ Analytical procedures are outlined in Appendix P.
                                                                                                                                         I
                                                                                                                                        NJ

-------
                             •     53

     Sediment analyses from CR-6.1 Indicated a 20 percent volatile material

and an 051 value of 3.4 [Table E-l, Appendix I}.  This  value indicates a

highly organic bottom deposit that is undergoing decomposition and

stabilization.  Upstream of the lube and wax plant discharge the sedi-

ment was composed of decaying material, vegetation, leaves,  etc.  At this

location the OSI was only slightly lover (3.1); likewise, the volatile

material (19 percent) vaa lover.


        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970}

the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by the

Cities Service Oil Company for its lube and wax plant*   A summary of the

information froa the Commission files is as follows:

     Quantity of Discharge:       5.1 cfs*
     Temperatures                 65-87*?
     Turbidity:                   36 JTU
     True Color?                  30
     Organic Materials (BOD):     2870 Ibs/day - 104 ppm
        Phenol                    823 Ibs/day * 30 ppm
     Organic Materials (oil) :     5,520 Ibs/day - 200 ppm
     Toxic Materials
        Chromium                  12 Ibs/day - 0.42 ppm
        Zinc                      4 Ibs/day - 0.16 ppm

     * Approximately 87 percent of the 5.1 cfs is discharged to the
       Cities Service refinery sewers and thence to the Lower Calcasieu
       River; 0.7 cfs goes directly to Bayou d'Inde,


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     A larger oxidation pond is being constructed for this plant.  The cost

for new facilities was estimated at $1.5 million.  (The plant was under con-

struction at the time of sampling.)  They are scheduled to be In operation

by the latter part of 1971.

-------
                                                                 11-29
                                     54

                             CONCLUSIONS

     It 1» concluded that:

     1.  The daily discharged loads of 410 pounds  of carbonaceous material;

630 pounds of suspended solids; and 190 pounds of  oil and grease are vio-

lations of Section 407, Rivera and Harbors Act of  1899 (33 USC:  401-413).

     2.  Construction of new facilities for treatment of  the lube and vax

plant liquid wastes is underway*

     3*  Results of survival tests with shrimp vere inconclusive because

effects of other, nearby discharges could not be separated from  those of the

lube and wax plant discharges.


                           SECQMMENDATIONS

     It is recommended that;

     1.  The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward completion

and operational status of the treatment facility,  now under construction.

     2.  If suitable treatment is not operational  by June 1, 1972,  con-

sideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement actions  against

the Company for the discharge of carbonaceous materials;  nitrogenous mate-

rials; suspended solids; and oil and grease.

     3.  If the new treatment facilities are in operation by June 1, 1972,

the discharge from the lube and wax plant be reevaluated  and, if the

quality does not meet applicable criteria, appropriate abatement actions

be initiated.

     4.  The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued, limit concentrations

of BOD; COD; TOC; suspended solids; oil and grease; and complex  organics,  to

levels consistent with best available treatment and applicable water quality

standards.

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                                      55


                       BACKGROUND IN?OIMATIQN
                                                                                •-I
Facility DeacripCion                    •
                                                                                en
     The materials produced at the Cities Service Petrochemical and Ethy-

lene-Propylene plant are propylene; ethylene; butadiene; butane and diner;

ethylene glycol; ethylene oxide; poly gly cols; and amaonla.

     The plant operates continuously.  Of the 498 persona employed In           8

production, three - an engineer, a chemist, and an equipment operator -

are involved In water pollution control.
                                                                                H
                                                                                s
     Rated annual capacities of the facility are 900 million Ibs of ethy-       2
                                                                                PJ
lene; 500 Billion IBS, propylene; 220 million Ibs, polyethylene; six            j3

million Ibs, ethylene oxide; and 22 million gal. of ethylene glycol.

     The raw materials employed include raw gas; ethane; by-products from

                                                                                1
the Cities Service Oil Company refinery identified only as C. stream and
                                                            2
C, mix; propane; butadiene; nitrogen; hydroformer gas; platformer gas;
 J

caustic soda; and sulfur ic acid.

                                                                                C
Water Supply                                                                    1

     Water Is obtained from seven wells, each of which is rated at 1,000 gpa

(1.44 mgd) .  This water is used for cooling water makeup, boiler feed, and

process water.  Approximately 223 mgd of cooling water is recirculated

through the cooling systems*  The condensate from the cooling water is sold

to a neighboring industry.


Exl s ting Was te Tre ataen t

     The wsstevate; discharge froa this industry is approximately 3 mgd.

Treatment  consists of neutralization; oil separation (gravity); and three

-------
                                     56




aerated lagoons — totalling five acres, which are operated in series.  The



effluent from the lagoons is discharged to Bayou d'lnde.





                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS



     Aliquots (250 ml) of the treated vaste were collected every four hours



and composited over a 24-hour period commencing at 8:40 a.m. on April 21,



A grab sample was collected for oil and grease analysis at 4:15 p.m. on



April 17.  A grab sample for special organic analyses was collected at



11:45 a.m. on April 21.  Samples of the effluent from the petrochemical



plant's third lagoon, were collected at the overflow structure prior to



discharge la Bayou d'lnde (CSC-5).  [Its location is shown in Figure 2-2.



Analytical results for station CSC-5 are tabulated in Table 2-9.]



     The organic compounds (Table 2-10] represent the major constituents



in the effluent sample.  Other compounds were observed in lesser concen-



trations, but were not positively identified.  The results demonstrate



that s wide variety of aromatic chemicals are discharged by the Company's



petrochemical plant.  The specific toxicity of these compounds has not been



determined.  However, discharge of these compounds undoubtedly has a



detrimental effect on the receiving water.



     Net loads discharged by the petrochemical plant during the 24-hour



sampling period included 59 Ibs of chromium; 20,200 Ibs, COD; 5,900 Ibs,



TOC; 180 Ibs, ammonia; 2,600 Ibs, suspended solids; and 165 Ibs of oil and



grease.



     Shrimp survival  tests and sediment analyses for the stations in Bayou



d'lnde are discussed under the section covering waste treatment and disposal



at Cities Service Oil Company lube and wax plant.

-------
                                                         TABLE 2-9


                                  SDMMAKT OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS2/
St*
CSC-5
Flow
3.95
ranee
9.2-9.7
Conductivity
limhoa/cm
range
1.000-1.600
Solids
Temp *C
range
26-28
TOC
OR/1
180
Ibn/day
5,900
COD
OR/1
612
Iba/dav
20,200
total
me/1
868
Ibs/day
28,600
susp
DK/1
78
Ibs/dav
2.600
NHj
OR/1
5.35
aa N
Ibs/day
180
St«
Oil &
•R/l
Grease
Iba/dav
Cadmium
OK/1
Chromium
og/1
Iba/dav
Mercury
UE/1
Iba/dav
Lead
DK/1
Copper
DK/1
Iba/dav
CSC-5
165
<0.05
1.8
59
0.8
0.0264
0.09
•/ Analytical procedure «r« outlined In Appendix T.
                                                        57
                                                                                                                                    i
                                                                                                                                   u>
                                                                                                                                   NJ

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                                    58
                              TABLE 2-10

                     RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
                                  Concentration       Load
Cpapound Identified                   (ng/1)           Ib/day

2-Methylnaphthlene                    0.030             1.1
1-Methylnaphthalene                   0.025             0.9
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene               0.01S             0.5
Indan                                 0.007             0.3
Indene                                0.026             0.9
m-Xylene                              0.008             0.3
1-Methylindene                        0.002             0.1
3-Methylindene                        0.003             0.1
Naphthalene                           0.053             1.9
O-Methylstyrene                       0.001             0,05
m-Methylstyrene                       0.02              0.8
p-Xylene                              0.002             0.1
«>-Xylene                              0.006             0.2
Phenol                                0.060             2.1
Styrene                               0.031             1.1

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                                                                 11-34
                                    59
        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
     The Louisiana Scream Control Commission did not  have in its  files,  any
information on the industrial waste discharge from the Cities Service  Oil
Company petrochemical plant.

                      PROPOSED WASTE T1EATMENT
     The Cities Service Oil Company is presently constructing a new kind of
"extended aeration" facility in order to treat waatewaters from the petro-
chemical plant.  This new facility, to cost approximately $3 million and
scheduled to be placed in operation during 1972, should reduce the  loads of
COD, TOC, and suspended solids now being discharged to Bayou d'Inde.

                             CONCLUSIONS
     It is concluded that:
     1.  Present discharges of chromium; carbonaceous materials;  nitro-
genous materials; suspended solids; complex organics; and oil and grease
constitute violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
(33 USC; 401-413).
     2.  Treatment facilities, now under construction, should reduce
quantities of carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials discharged to the
Lower Calcasieu River and nay also reduce quantities of complex organics
and suspended solids discharged.  (No evidence exists, nor has any claim been
made, to the effect that the new treatment will eliminate discharges of
heavy metals and oil and grease*)

-------
                                60
11-35
                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It 1* recommended that:



     1.  The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward comple-



tion of new facilities for treatment of the liquid wastes generated by the



plant, and that it further conduct follow-up monitoring of actions  taken



Co reduce discharges of chromium and oil and grease.



     2.  If the new treatment facilities now under construction are not



operational by June 20, 1973, consideration be given  to initiating  appro-



priate abatement actions against the Company for discharges of carbonaceous



and nitrogenous materials, suspended solids, and complex organica,



     3.  If the new treatment facilities are on-line  by June 30, 1973,



the treatment provided be reevaluated, and abatement  measures, as needed,



be initiated.



     4,  The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued  this industry, limit



discharges of BOD; COD; TOC; heavy metals; suspended  solids; complex



organics; and oil and grease to levels consistent with best available treat-



sent and water quality standards for the Lover Calcasieu River.

-------
                   6i
THE CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY FACILITIES
        LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

-------
                                                                III-l
                                  62
                         GENERAL INFORMATION
     In conjunction with other chemical plants and petroleum refineries,
the Continental Oil Company is a substantial industrial contributor to the
economy in the Lover Calcasieu River area.  The Company's facilities are
involved primarily in the production of organic chemicals, carbon black,
and oil refinery products.
     Continental operates four facilities in the Lake Charles area:
(1) Continental Carbon Company; (2)  Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles
Petrochemical; (3) Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles Refinery; and
(4) Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles VCM Plant [Figure 3-1].
Although these plants are in proximity to each other, all are under sep-
arate management.

InitialContact
     Representatives of EPA's DFI-DC staff visited these industries during
the period March 24-31, 1971, to obtain information for an Industrial
waste inventory.  Company officials contacted at that time were very
cooperative, provided the information requested, and conducted tours of
their respective plants.  Subsequent to these meetings, Refinery and VCM
plant officials were contacted, on April 15, to discuss sampling of plant
effluents.  Officials of the carbon Company and Lake Charles Petrochemical
were contacted on April 16,  They were informed that the industrial waste
source sampling was in conjunction with a survey of the Calcasieu River
Basin being conducted by EPA.
     Permission was granted to sample all the effluent discharges.  Ho re-
strictions were placed on the sampling of process wastes prior to treatment!

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                                                     63
                                                                        CONTINENTAL




                                                                            CARBON
                                                                                                 CONOCO



                                                                                                 REFINERY
                                                                                       Not To  Scale
Figure 3-1.   [((luenl Sampling  Locations  far Conliaeatal  Oil Co, VCM Plant, Petftclitnical Plant, I Carbon Plant

-------
                                                                III-2
                                  64
Aliquot* (125 ml) were collected of each of the industrial  discharges  and
composited over a 24-hour period.  These composite samples  vere analyzed
for TOG; COD; total and suspended solids; and selected heavy  metals.   All
of the industrial waste effluents from Continental Oil Company discharge
to Bayou Verdine.
     Responsible Company officials contacted, information on  plant  oper-
ations, etc., and the results of each sampling program are  discussed  in
the following report.

-------
                                  65


                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION                                   Q
                                                                                o
                                                                                sz
Facility Description                                                            Jj
                                                                                z

     The plant is owned by the Continental Oil Company (30 percent) and         Jj?


the Witco Chemical Corporation (20 percent).  The plant's rated capacity


per day is 250,000 to 300,000 Ibs of carbon black.  The raw materials           c
                                                                                z

used in the process include coke and gas oil.  This plant operates con-


tinuously and employs seventy-one persons.


Water Supply


     Water is purchased from Continental Oil Company, which borders
                                                                                e
                                                                                o
Continental Carbon Company on two sides.  Water is used for washdovn            *

                                                                                I
(quenching), drinking, and palletizing of the product.                          f

                                                                                it
Existing Waste Treatment                                                        *
                                                                                i-

     A settling pond is employed to collect the small carbon fines.  The


pond effluent is discharged to Bayou Verdine [Figure 3-1]*  Banks of Bayou


Verdine downstream of Continental Carbon have a flat gray-to-black color,       I
                                                                                I

attributable to the discharge from the settling pond.  According to the         *

                                                                                e
Continental Carbon Company Manager, Louis Herst, constant agitation of


carbon fines by the wind causes the material to be blown about the plant


site.  Some of these fines find their way into the Bayou.  The Manager


stated that during the period 1968 to 1971, the Company converted the air


pollution control system from wet scrubbers to bag houses.  He indicated


Chat this change had reduced the water pollution problems caused by the


carbon fines.


Ch ronology of Contacts


     Mr. Herst was contacted by Mr. Helton of the DF1-DC staff, on

-------
                                                                  III-4
                                    66

March 31, 1971, to obtain inventory Information.  R. D, Harp and J.  L.  Hathevay,

also of DFI-DC, met with Mr. Herst on April 16, Co plan the industrial

sampling program.


                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     Effluent sampling commenced at 9:00 a.m., April 20.  Aliquots (125 ml)

vere composited every two hours for 24 hours.  Samples were collected from

the Continental Carbon plant settling pond effluent (Con-7) which is

discharged to Bayou Verdine.  [Analytical results and recorded field mea-

surements are listed in Table 3-1.1

     Loads discharged during the 24-hour sampling period Included 50 Ibs

of COD; 10 Ibs, TOG; and 10 Iba of suspended solids.


        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission had, In its files, no infor-

mation on the Industrial discharge from the Continental Carbon Company.


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     No new treatment facilities are proposed for the next five years.


                             CONCLUSION

     It is concluded that:

     1.  The pollutant loads discharged by Continental Carbon are of no

serious consequence to the receiving waters.


                           RECOMMENDATIONS

     It is recommended that:

     1.  No abatement proceedings be Initiated at this time;

-------
                                                     TABLE 3-1


                              SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS*
St«
COH-7
Sta
Flow pH
DRd ran RC
0.032 7.A-8.
Conductivity
pmhon/cm
ranee
0 500-825
Temp
*C TOC
composite range niR/l Ibs/day
570
Cadmium
OR/1
22-30 43 10
Chromium
i»R/l Iba/day
Sollda
COD total
nR/1 Iba/day nit/1 Iba/day
180 50 440 120
Mercury
UK/1
BUBp
DR/1 Iba/day
36 10

Ibs/dav
COH-7
<0.05
0.03
                                                              0.01
0.1
                                                                                                       0.00003
•/ Analytical procedurea ar« outlined in Appendix F.
                                                         67
                                                                                                                                i
                                                                                                                               Ln

-------
                                68
     2.  The discharge permitt  to be issued by the Corps of Engineers,
Halt discharges of BOD;  COD; TOG;  heavy metals; complex organica; suspended
solids; and oil and grease,  to  levels consistent with best available treat-
cent and the vater quality standards for the Lover Calcaaieu River.

-------
                                   ~                             III-7
                                 69


                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION


Facility Description                                                           z
                                                                               pr

     Headquarters for this plant {P. 0. Bos 37, Westlake, Louisiana  70669)

Is the office of the Petrochemical Sales Division, Continental Oil Coapany,
                                                                               r
80 Park Plaza East, Saddlebrook, New Jersey 07662.  This plant operates        £

continuously and employs 320 persons in Its production operation.  Twelve

individuals (a superintendent; an engineer; a chemist; a foreman;  four

equipment operators; and four maintenance men) are employed in the vater

pollution control program.

     The annual, rated capacities of this petrochemical facility are 150       |

Billion Ibs of industrial alcohol; 550 Billion Ibs, ethylene;  98 million

Ibs, methyl chloride; 200 million Ibs, normal paraffins; and 50 million        |
                                                                               1?
Ibs of ethoxylates.

     The raw materials used are: ethylene; aluminum; hydrogen; "raffinate";

                                                                               I
sulfuric acid; ethylene oxide; acetic acid; caustic soda; phosphoric acid;

hydrochloric acid; kerosene; ethane; propane; and methaaol.


Water Supply

     Water is obtained from five wells (700 ft deep), each rated at  1,500

gpm (2.16 tngd).  It is used for process, boiler feed, and non-contact cool-

Ing.


Existing Waste Treatment

     There are three wastewater discharges from this industry.  These

originate in the alcohol plant, paraffin plant, ead the ethylene plant


[Figure 3.1].

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                                      70




     Effluents from Che alcohol and paraffin plants discharge to a drainage



ditch that subsequently enters Bayou Verdine.  The ethylene plant effluent



(cooling water) discharges to a second drainage ditch that also collects



the VCM plant discharge before entering Bayou Verdine.



     Present treatment of the waste discharges consists of the following:



     1,  Wastewacer passes through an API separator, at the paraffin plant;



     2.  Caustic wastes are treated in a neutralization basin and oily



         wastes pass through an API separator — both waste streams passing



         through a settling basin prior to discharge, at the alcohol plant;



         {The Company representative stated that total chromate removal



         is obtained in the system.)



     3,  Cooling water receives no treatment prior to discharge, at the



         ethylene plant.




Chronology of Contacts



     On March 29, J. L. Hatheway of the Division of Field Investigations-



Denver Center, EPA, met with Gary D. Johnson, environmental engineer at



the Lake Charles Petrochemical plant, to obtain inventory information.



R. D. Harp and Kr. Hatheway, DFI-DC, contacted Mr. Johnson on April 16,



to plan the first industrial sampling program.  J. V. Rouse, DFI-DC, con-



tacted J. D. Kinott, a senior process engineer at Continental's Lake Charles



VCM plant -- in the absence of Mr. Johnson, at the beginning (November 1)



of the second industrial sampling program.  Mr. Minott was cooperative,



consented to the resampling of the Petrochemical Plant effluent, and re-



quested samples, duplicate to those collected by EPA, for the Company.

-------
                 FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     Aliquots (125 ml) were collected at two-hour intervals, beginning at

6:45 a.m., April 20, and continued for 24 hours.  Grab samples for oil and

grease analysis vere collected at Station CON-2 at 2:30 p.m., April 17,

and at 6:45 a.m., April 20.  One grab sample for oil and grease analysis

was collected at CON-8, at 9:30 a.a., April 29.  A grab sample for specific

organic analyses vas taken at station CON-8 at 9:30 a.m. on April 29.  [See

Table 3-3.  In Table 3-2 is a description of the sampling stations for the

petrochemical plant.  In Table 3-4 is a summary of analytical results and

field measurements.]

     Four alcohols  [Table 3-3] comprise the major extractable organics in

this effluent.  However, numerous other materials vere observed in lover

concentration, but were not identified.  Although these alcohols probably

have little toxic effect on the receiving environment, they do exert a

considerable oxygen demand, and in the concentrations observed, may repre-

sent an economic loss to the Company.

     At the request of Mr. Johnson, an additional 24-hour composite sample

                                                       */
of the ethylene plant effluent was collected at CQ11-2A.-'  A TOC value

of 620 mg/1 was measured at Station CON-2, but at CON-2A the TOC value

vas only 8 og/1.  The Company official contended that both tidal action

and the discharge from the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plant interfered

with the sample obtained at CON-2.  This contention was not borne out

by toe pH, TOC, and total solids values observed at CON-2.  No waste
*/ This station is located inthin the Company property at the point of
   discharge to the drainage ditch.  Access to the ethylene plant was
   initially denied to the investigators because of the latent dangers
   associated with not being familiar with the processing and production
   of petrochemicals.

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                                                                   III-9

                                     72
                               TABLE 3-2

              DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number	  ,     .     _   ..r..tjii _JDescrigtion and Remarks r

QOK-2     The cooling water effluent from the ethylene plant;  samples col-
          lected from & ditch to Bayou Verdine at a point 500  ft outside
          the south property fence*  (This is 100 ft upstream  of Station
          No. CON-1.)

CON-2A    The cooling vater effluent fron the ethylene plant;  samples col-
          lected at the point of discharge from a 42-in reinforced concrete
          pipe to a drainage ditch to Bayou Verdine.  Sampled  April 23-24,
          1971.

COK-8     Samples collected from a drainage ditch crossing the plant pro-
          perty at the weir.  The flow is primarily made up of wastewater
          from the API separator at the paraffin plant.  Wastewater from
          the alcohol plant, and discharges from the oily water sewers of
          the ethylene plant.
                               TABLE 3-3

                     RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
                                     Concentrations         Load
     CompoundsIndfeOtified               (mg/1)             Ibs/day

          n-Butanol                         16                90
          n-Decanol                          2.5              15
          n-lexanol                         65               375
          n-Octanol                         19               110

-------
                                                        TABLE 3-4

                                  SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS4/
Sta
CON-2
OON-2A
CON-8
Sta
CON-2
CON-2A
CON-8
Flow pH
mjsd ranRC
1.33 5.6-7.2
1.30 7.1-7.9
0.72 4.1-6.7
Cadmium
mR/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Conductivity
umhos/cm
range composite
560-1,150 750
900-1,600 1.140
2.500-5.000 4,000
Chromium
mR/1 Ibs/day
<0.01
<0.1
0.30 2
Temp
*C TOC
ranne mR/1 Ibs/day
30-34 620 6,890
24-36 8 90
30-36 130 780
Mercury
MR/1 Iba/day
<0.1
0.2 0.0022
0.2 0.0018
Solids
total susp
ran/1 Ibs/day mR/1 Ibs/day
570 6,330 32 355
827 8.980 36 390
2.650 15.900 34 200
Copper Lead
mR/l mR/1
<0.02 <0.1
, <0.02 <0.1
<0.02 0.2s/
Oil & Crease
mR/1 Ibs/day
2-5^/ 22-56

7 40

Ibs/day


1.2
a_/ Analytical procedure*  are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ Two separate grab  samples.
c/ No Interference  from calcium detected.
                                                73
                                                                                                                                 I
                                                                                                                                I-1
                                                                                                                                o

-------
                                                                 III-ll
                                  74
streams enter the drainage ditch between CON-2 and CON-2A.
     Calculations, based upon analytical data obtained from CON-2 and
CGN-8, indicate net discharge loads during the 24-hour sampling period,
of 7,670 Ibs of IOC; 560 Ibs, suspended solids; and 60 to 95 Ibs of oil
and grease*

                 SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS
     In order to resolve the disparities noted earlier between results for
CON-2 and CQN-2A a second survey vas conducted on November  1, 2, and 3,
1971.
     Effluent sampling commenced at 6:30 a.a., November 1,   Aliquots (125 ul)
were composited every tvo hours for 24 hours and continued  for 48 hours,
yielding tvo separate-dally-conposited samples.  Each of the daily composite
samples vas thoroughly nixed in its container and divided,  with a. portion
given to the Company and the remainder forwarded to EPA laboratories for
analysis.  [Analytical results and field measurements of the second sampling
program are listed In Table 3-5.]  Results of the second sampling program
indicate little difference between the waste loads measured at CON-2
and CON-2A.
     Waste loads discharged from the Lake Charles Petrochemical Plant were
calculated by sunning the discharge loads from either CON-2 or CON-2A
with those from CON-8.  These calculations indicated dally  discharge
levels of 780 Ibs of TOO, 310 to 590 Ibs of suspended solids, and 40-95 Ibs
of oil and grease.

        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAK CONTROL COMMISSION
     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970}

-------
                                                           TABLE 3-3

                                 SUMMART 07 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM
                                                  SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Sta
CON-25^
CON-2^
CON-2A2'
CON-2A5/
Flow
BRd
1.33
1.33
1.30
1.30
ratine
7.7-8.1
7.6-8.8
7.3-7.9
7.5-8.8
Conductivity
li mhos/cm
850-1,750
850-2,100
850-900
800-1,700
Temp
•c
range
31-35
30-36
33-37
33-37
Solids
TOC
DK/1
<5
<5
<5
<5
COD
me/1
16
. 20
22
20
Ibs/day
180
220
240
220
total
mn/1
640
700
620
690
Iba/day
7,100
7,800
6,700
7,500
ausp
mR/1 Iba/day
10
15
20
20
110
170
220
220
a/ AnaJ.ytlcal procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Composite sample collected November 1 and 2.
cj Composite sample collected NoTember 2 and 3.
                                               75

-------
                                                                 111-13
                                   76

the discharge levels of certain materials baaed on data submitted by

Continental Oil Company's Lake Charles Petrochemical Plant.   A summary of

the information from the Commission files is as follows:

     Date of Application:         August 28, 1970
     Quantity of Discharge:       1.7 cfs
     Temperature:                 80*F
     Turbidity:                   100 BTU's
     True Color:                  15
     Organic Material:            15,150 Ibs/day equivalent  to 1,652 ppm COD
     Inorganic Material:          Equivalent to 23,900 Ibs/day equivalent
                                  to 26,007 ppm total dissolved solids
     Toxic Materials:
        Phenols                   4.8 Ibs/day, equivalent to 0.5 ppm
        Sulfide                   7.5 Ibs/day, equivalent to 0.8 ppm
        Chromate                  2.9 Iba/day, equivalent to 0.3 ppm


                      PROPOSED WASTE TBEATMENT

     In order to provide additional treatment to the wastes  from the petro-

chemical plant a new aerated lagoon is under construction.  The new system

is expected to provide satisfactory removal of the TOC, COD, and suspended

solids.  The new treatment facility may bring about further  reduction of

oil and grease.


                             CONCLUSIONS

     It is concluded that:

     1.  From the results of two surveys there appears to be no significant

difference between the vaste loads measured at Station CON-2 or CON-2A.

(The data collected at Station CON-2 during the first survey may have

reflected an inplant "spill", but is generally not representative of the

vaste loads discharged.)

     2.  Of the measured vaste loads that are discharged by  petrochemical

plant operations, the major portion originates at the paraffin and alcohol

-------
plants (CON-8) , for which treatment measures are proposed.



     3.  Discharges of carbonaceous materials, suspended solids,  and



grease and oil from the entire petrochemical plant operations constitute



violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 DSC:  401-413).



     4.  The new facilities for the treatment of these wastes now under



construction can be expected to reduce present pollutant loads to accept-



able levels.





                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is recommended that:



     1.  The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward  conrpletion



of the facilities now under construction.



     2.  If the facilities now under construction are not operative by



March 1, 1972, consideration be given to initiating appropriate abatement



proceedings against the Company for discharging carbonaceous materials,



suspended solids* and oil and grease to Bayou Verdine, a tributary  to a



navigable stream.



     3,  If the facilities are in operation by March 1, 1972, the nature



of the discharge from the plant be reevaluated.



     4,  The Corps of Engineers permit, to be issued to Continental Oil



Company Lake Charles Petrochemical Plant, limit discharges of BOD;  COD;



TOC; complex organlcs; heavy metals; suspended solids; and oil and  grease



to levels consistent with best available treatment and applicable water



quality standards.

-------
                                                                  111-15

                                      78


                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION                                   o
                                                                                z
Facility, Description


     The refinery (P. 0. Box 37, Westlake, Louisiana 70669)  is a subdivision


of the Continental Oil Company, Eefinery Headquarters, Houston, Texas*  It


operates continuously and employs 475 persons.  Eight employees (six. full-      g


time and two part-time) are Involved in pollution control efforts.


     Finished products from this plant are propane; butane;  LPG; gasoline;


kerosene; diesel fuel; heating oil; No. 6 fuel oil; and coke.


     The rated plant capacity is 71,000 barrels per day*  The production


rate is to be Increased to 81,000 barrels per day by January 1972.              ^


     The primary raw material Is crude oil.  Other materials added in the       £

                                                                                2
various processes include isobutane and polyvinylchloride.  Also, the opera-
                                                                                ~K

tion uses various metals that are of concern from the standpoint of water


pollution.  These Include chromates, zinc, copper, and tetraethyl and


tetramethyl lead.



Mater Supply


     The plant obtains water from six veils, each of which is rated at a


capacity of 2,000 gpm (2.88 mgd).  These veils pump from the 200, 500, and


700-ft stratat  Two reserve wells are not used routinely.



Existing Waste Treatment


     Original wastewater treatment and disposal facilities Included an API


trap, a settling pond, and separate wastewater collection system.  The


Company began a water pollution abatement program in 1967,  A corrugated


plate Interceptor (CPI) has been Installed that is reputed to give higher

-------
                                                                 111-16
                                    79

oil recoveries than the API separators.  An activated sludge unit and an
aerated lagoon follow the CPI.

     Discharges to Bayou Verdlne which result from the refinery are:

     (1)  Effluent from the aerated lagoon;
     (2)  The effluent from a "firewater  pond" that receives cooling  water
          blowdown;

     (3)  Effluent from the coker area;
     (4)  The cooling water discharge;
     (5)  At least two intermittent discharges of small amounts of

          unidentified liquid wastes.

     At the time of the survey, the activated sludge unit was operating.
However, difficulties in maintaining an activated sludge were evident.  The

activated sludge unit is designed with a retention time of 24 hours,  but

owing to leaks in the aeration basin, it  had been necessary to shut down the
unit and drain the basin several times In order to repair the leaks.   Con-
sequently, the system had not stabilized and was not, according to Company

officials, providing effective treatment.
     At the present tine the activated sludge-aerated lagoon system does
not treat the effluents either from the "firewater pond", the coker area, or
the cooling water.  The receiving water at the point where discharges enter
the Bayou appeared gray-black la color.  According to Company officials,
this color is caused by carbon fines from the Continental Carbon Company

[Figure 3-1]•  The banks of the channel were caked with what appeared to be
carbon fines [see p. 3-4].  The DF1-DC investigating team observed black
fines from the coker blowing about the area and into Bayou Verdine.

-------
                                                       111-17

                                        80
Chronqlgjgr of Contacts

     On March 24, 1971, Company representatives Steve Carson and Bill Cayan

were contacted by J. L, Hathevay and M. R, Helton, Division of Field Investi-

tations-Denver Center, EPA, for inventory Information.  R. D. Harp and

Mr. Hatheway, DPI-DC, met with these officials, on April IS, to plan the

industrial sampling program.


                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     Sampling of the refinery discharges commenced at 7:30 a.m., April 20.

(In Figure 3-2 sampling locations are shown; their description is found in

Table 3-6*]  Grab samples for oil and grease analysis were collected at

CON-6A and CON-7A, on April 17 at 11:25 a.m. and 1:50 p.m., respectively,

and at all other locations starting at 7:50 a.m., April 20,  A grab sample

for organic analysis vas also collected at Station CON-3 at 8:15 a.m.,

April 20.  [See fable 3-7.]

     Samples at CON-6A and CON-7A contained high concentrations of oil and

grease.  On April 20, it vas observed that at CON-6A there vas no flow and

at CON-7A the flov contained no visible oil and grease.  [Analytical results

and field measurements are summarized in fable 3-8.]

     All the organic compounds identified [fable 3-7J In the refinery effluent

are normal aliphatic hydrocarbons that represent a portion of the oil and

grease discharged by the refinery.

     During the 24-hour sampling periodf the refinery discharged 48 Ibs of

chromium; 2,400 Ibs, TOC; 490 Ibs, ammonia as nitrogen; 8,600 Ibs, suspended

solids; and 1,400 Ibs of oil and grease to Bayou Verdine.

-------
                                   81
                                                           CONTINENTAL
                                                               CARBON
                                                                  Not To  Scale
Figure 3-2.  Effluent  Sampling Locations lor Continental  Oil  Co. Conoco Refiner)

-------
                                                                  111-18
                               fAiLE 3-6

              DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Higher	  _ Description and Remarks	

CON-3    Effluent from Che refinery's aerated lagoon that receives the
         majority of process wastes of the refinery.  Effluent is dis-
         charged directly into Bayou Verdine.

CQN-4    Effluent, from the "fire-pood", discharged directly Into Bayou
         Verdine.

COH-5    Effluent is from the triangular pond that receives the cooling
         water from the calcined coke shaker plus miscellaneous streams
         from the coking area.  Effluent is discharged directly into
         Bayou Verdine.

CON-6    Cooling water effluent from the refinery to Bayou Verdine.

CON-6A   Discharge from the coker area sampled for oil and grease on April
         17, 1971,  No flow on April 20-21.  Discharge goes to Bayou Verdine.

CQN-7A   Sample collected, April 17, 1971, for oil and grease analysis,
         from a drainage ditch that commences at the refinery, flows across
         Continental Carbon property and discharges into Bayou Verdine•
         No samples was collected on April 20, 1971.
                               IABLE 3-7

                    RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS
                                     Concentrations        Load
     Compounds Identified                (ng^l)_Ibs/day

        Dodecane                          0.22              2.2
        Elcosane                          0.30              2.9
        Heneicosane                       0.19              1.8
        Heptadecane                       0.34              3.3
        Hexadecane                        0.43              4.0
        Nonadecane                        0.31              3.0
        Octadecane                        0.33              3.2
        Pentadecane                       0.49              4.8
        Tetradecaae                       0.58              5.6
        Tridecane                         0.39              3.8
        Uadecane                          0.05              0.4

-------
                                                                 TA1ILE  3-8

                                           SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS  AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5/
Sta
CON-3
CON-4
CON-5
OON-6
COH-6A
CON-7A
Sta
OON-3
CON-4
CON-5
CON-6
Flow pH
DR<| ranRe
1.12 7.4-8
5.43 6.9-8
1.74 6.8-8
0.984 3.3-8


Cadmium
OR/1
<0.05

-------
                                                                 111-20

                           f"   84
     1C should be noted that the new activated sludge facility had  not been

in operation for a sufficient period of time to achieve effective treatment.

When fully operational, the system in combination with the aerated  lagoon

nay reduce the TOG and suspended solids to satisfactory levels.  It is doubt-

ful that the oil and grease will be reduced to m satisfactory level.


        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)

the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by

Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles Refinery.  A summary of the  informa-

tion from the Comission files is as follows:

     Date of Application:         August 19, 1970
     Quantity of Discharge:       18 cfs
     Temperature:                 110*F Maximum
     Turbidity:                   160 ppm
     True Color:                  Clear to slightly yellow or slightly gray
     Organic Material:            1850 Ibs/day, equivalent to 19 ppa
     Inorganic Material:          53,400 Ibs/day, equivalent to 350 ppm
                                  suspended solids or dissolved solids
     Toxic Material:
        Phenols                   4 ppm maximum - 390 Ibs/day maximum
        Hydrogen Sulfide (H.S)    6 ppm maximum equivalent to 585 Ibs/day
                                  maximum


                      PROPOSED WASTE TIEATMENT

     New waste treatment facilities have been constructed and placed In

operation.  All discharge points still oust be connected to these facilities.

No plans presently exist for treatment of oil and grease or heavy metals.


                             CONCLUSIONS

     It is concluded that:

     1.  Present discharges of chromium; carbonaceous materials; nitrogenous

-------
                            r        85                          111-21



materials; suspended solid*; complex organic*; and oil and grease constitute

violation* of Section 407, liven and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC:  401-413).

     2.  With new treatment facilities having recently been placed in

operation, they may reduce the discharges of carbonaceous and nitrogenous

materials, suspended solids, and complex organics.  (There is no evidence at

hand and no claim by the Company that the treatment will reduce either

present discharges of heavy metals or of oil and grease.)
                                                          *
     3*  Effluents, from the "firewater pond" and the coker as well as the

cooling water discharge, that carry substantial loads of suspended solids,

heavy metals, and oil and grease continue to be discharged to Bayou Verdine

without adequate treatment.  (At least two small intermittent discharges of

unidentified liquid wastes also flow directly to Bayou Verdine.)


                           RECOMMENDATIONS

     It is recommended that:

     1,  Consideration be given to initiating appropriate proceedings

against the Continental Oil Company - Lake Charles Refinery (Westlake,

Louisiana) for the daily discharge of 48 pounds of chromium; 2,400 pounds

of carbonaceous materials; 490 pounds of nitrogenous materials; 8,600

pounds of suspended solids; 1,400 pounds of oil and grease; and A variety

of aromatic hydrocarbons to Bayou Verdine, a tributary to a navigable

stream.

     2.  The Corps of Engineers permits, to be issued, limit concentre*

tiooa of BOD; COD; IOC; complex organics; heavy metals; suspended solids;

and oil and grease to levels consistent with best available treatment and

applicable water quality standards.

-------
                              «                                   111-22
                              *"   86

                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION       '                           e
                                                                               a
Pacilicy Description                                                           £
           	' -*-	                                                           2
                                                                               P
     The VCM Plant (P. 0. Box 605, Weatlake, Louisiana 70669)  operates         ?•
                                                                               r
under the direction of the Petrochemical Sales Division, Continental Oil       c
                                                                               r
Company, 80 Park Plaza East, Saddlebrook, New Jersey  07662.  This facility    r

                                                                               I
operates continuously and employs 80 production workers.  The plant assigns    g.
                                                                               w
four persons (a senior engineer; a lab technician; an equipment operator;      t
                                                                               r
and an unskilled laborer) to service on the wat-^r pollution control program.   ?

     The primary product is vlnylchlorlde monomer (Stauffer Process).          §

By-products of this process are 1, 2-dichlorethane and ethylene dichloride*    P

The plant is rated at 600 million pounds of vinylchloride and 960 million      r

pounds of ethylene dichloride per year.                                        r

     The principal raw materials used are ethylene and chlorine - the latter

purchased locally.  Process additives include chromates, phosphates, com-

mercial dispersants, sulphuric acid, and zinc.


Water Supply

     Water is obtained from veils that supply about 600 gpm, of which about

100 gpm is used as process water and 400 gpm for non-contact cooling.


Eads tlnjL_Wa_s te Treatment

     The treatment provided consists of steam distillation, clam shell

neutralization and settling pits for light and heavy oil separation.  The

effluent is discharged by a single outfall to a drainage ditch {Figure 3-1]

that subsequently enters Bayou Verdiae.

-------
                                                                 111-23
                                t  '     87

Chronology of Contacts

     On March 29, J. L, Hatheway,  of EPA's DFI-DC staff, net with

R. U. Gerlock, chief process engineer, J. D,  Mlnotc, a. senior process

engineer, and Plant Manager L. N.  Vernon, for the purpose of obtaining

inventory Information.  R. D. Harp, also of DFI-DC, and Mr.  Hathevay

oet with these officials, on April IS, to plan the industrial vaste sampling

program.  J. V. Rouse, DFI-DC, contacted Mr.  Minott at the beginning

(November 1) of the second Industrial sampling program.  He  vas cooperative,

consented to the resampling of the VCM plant effluent, and requested, on

behalf of the Company, samples duplicate to those collected  by EPA.


                 FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     Aliquots (125 ml) of the effluent were taken at 2-hour  intervals, for

24 hours, beginning at 6:05 a.m.,  April 20.  The effluent from the  VCM

Plant (CQN-1) was sampled at the single oufall leaving the velr box

(Figure 3-1} and flowing Into the  drainage ditch coming from the ethylene

plant and subsequently entering Bayou Verdine.  A grab sample was taken

at the time composite sampling vas Initiated, and analyzed for oil  and

grease. [Analyses of the samples are shown in Table 3-9.]

     During the 24-hour sampling period, this Industry discharged 12 Ibs

of chromium; 55 Ibs, TOC; 320 Ibs, suspended solids; and 9 Ibs of oil and

grease.


                 SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     As noted in a previous section - one that describes waste discharges

from the Lake Charles Petrochemical plant, a second survey was initiated

-------
                                                        TABLE 3-9

                             SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM
                                                 FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAM9-'
Sta
CON-1
Sta
Flov
0.547
Oil
n>K/l
P"
range
3.5
& Grease
Ibs/day
Conductivity
limhos/cm
range composite
11,000- 13,000
17,000
Cadmium Chromium
Temp
•c
range nR/1
28-30 12
Mercury
DiK/1 DA/1 Ibs/day ug/1
Solids

TOC total susp
Ibs/day mR/1 Ibs/day rnn/1
55 8,930 40,800 71
Lead—' Copper
DA/1 Iba/day mg/l Ibs/day
Ibs/day
320

CON-1
<0.05
2.6
12
0.2
0.9
0.09
0.4
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ No Interference fron calclua detected.
                                                                                                                                     M

-------
                                                                  111-25
                                       89
November 1, 2, and 3, 1971, In order to resolve differences in waste loads

that were measured between stations which should have given comparable

values.  Of the possible reasons given for these differences in waste

loads, one was the contention by Company officials, that the discharge

from the VCM plant interfered with samples collected at CON-2.  Hence,

during the second survey the effluent Iron the VCM plant (CON-1) was also

resanpled.

     Effluent sampling commenced at 6:30 a.m., November 1.  Aliquots

(125 ml) ere composited every two hours for 24 hours, and continued for

48 hours, yielding two separate-daily-composited samples.  Each of the

daily composite samples was mixed and then divided, with a portion given

to the Company and the remainder forwarded to EPA laboratories for analysis•

[Analytical results and field measurements of the second sampling program

are listed in fable 3-10.1

     Waste loads discharged from the VCM plant indicated daily levels of

at least 1,350 Ibs of TOG; 5,200 IDS, COD; 140 Ibs, suspended solids; and

17 Ibs of oil and grease.  The discharge level of carbonaceous material is

appreciably higher than levels measured during the first survey [Table 3-9].

        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission had no information on the

industrial discharge from the VCM plant•

                      PRO?OSED WASTE TREATMENT

     An extended aeration treatment facility is under construction and is

scheduled to be completed in November 1971.  This new system will have 12

-------
                                                               TABLE 3-10

                                     SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM
                                                      SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMS/
Sea
CON-1^
CON-1^
Floy
BRcl
0.19
0.23
pH
range
1.4-4.0
2.2-3.2
Conductivity
wmhoa/cm
26,500-55.000
22,000-26,000
Temp
•c
ranee
31-34
30-35
Solids
TOC
OK/1
850
740
Ibs/day
1,350
1,550
COD
me/1 Ibs/day
3,300 5,200
2,800 5.800
total
me/1 Ibs/day
21,700 34,400
17,500 36,400
susp Oil & Creaae
BR/1
90
80
Iba/dav me/1
140 11
170
Ibs/day
17

•/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Composite sample collected November 1 and 2.
£/ Composite saaple collected November 2 and 3.
                                                                                                                                          I
                                                                                                                                         ro

-------
                                      31




days' retention at the present vastevater production rate.  At the tine of



the second sampling program during the first part of November, construction



of this facility had not been completed.  Sludge handling facilities are



scheduled to be constructed in 1972.



     A caustic recovery system, also under construction, was scheduled to



be in operation in August 1971.  Chrornate recovery is being considered and



will be constructed in 1973 if required by the State.



     Currently, sums of from $100,000 to $250,000 are programmed for an



activated carbon filter for tertiary treatment as part of this water pol-



lution control program.



     The proposed new vastevater treatment facilities should provide



adequate reduction of the pollutant loads now being discharged except



for chromate.





                             CONCLUSIONS



     It is concluded that:



     1.  Present discharge levels of carbonaceous materials and chromium,



by the Continental Oil Company's Lake Charles VCM plant, constitute a vio-



lation of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).



     2.  With additional treatment facilities under construction, they



should bring about further reduction of all pollutant loads except chromium.





                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is recommended that:



     1.  The Coopany be informed of the discharge of heavy netals (chromium)



to Bayou Verdine, a tributary of a navigable stream, and that appropriate

-------
                                    92                          111-28






measures be taken to eliminate this discharge.



     2.  The Office of Enforcement, EPA, monitor progress toward comple-




tion of the facilities now under construction.




     3.  If the facilities now under construction are not operative by



December 31, 1971, appropriate abatement actions be initiated against



the Company,




     4,  If the facilities are in operation by December 31, 1971, the



nature of the discharge from the plant be reevaluated.

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                     93
CROSBY CHEMICALS, INCORPORATED, PLANT
        m RIDDER, LOUISIANA

-------
                                      94




                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
     Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated, located between timber production




areas and a seaport, contributes significantly to the economy of the




Upper Calcaaieu River basin area.




     The firm's Louisiana Division is located in Be Ridder, Louisiana.




This industry produces fatty acid and rosin front crude tall oil.  The




rosin is further processed to yield "paper sizing," polymerized rosin,




metal resinates, and asper gums.  Crosby Chemicals [Figure 4-1] operates



continuously and employs 60 persons in the production facility.





Mater Supply



     Water is obtained from six veils.  Five of these wells are 120 feet



deep and are rated at 500 gpa (0.72 mgd); the sixth well is 1,500 feet



deep and is rated at 1,000 gpa (1.44 mgd).





Existing Waste Treatment




     The one vastewater discharge from the plant flows through an open



channel to Palmetto Creek, a tributary to the Calcasieu River  [Figure 4-1],




Process wastevater and excess cooling water, totaling 9.6 mgd, are treated




in five earthen ponds that are arranged in series.  One thousand gpm



(1.44 mgd) of "aerated" well water is added to the effluent from the last




pond to further reduce the BOD and suspended solids levels prior to being



discharged into Palmetto Creek.  Cooling water is recirculated to a spray




pond.





Chronology of Contacts



     On March 31, 1971, J. L. Hatheway, of the Division of Field

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                                                              95
                       N
PLANT & OFFICE
                                                                                   BC-1
                                                                                          Not To Scale
                     Fipti  4-1  Effluent I Rtceiiini ialer Sampling lotalious lat tnsb> Clijmicils,

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                                                                 IV-2
                                        96

Investigations-Denver Center, met with G.  K.  Bienvenu,  plant  manager  for

Crosby Chemicals.  The meeting had been arranged by E.  D,  Anthony,  Jr.,

enforcement programs specialist, Region VI Office.   Mr. Bienvenu  answered

moat of the questions that were posed by the  EPA investigator.

     An appointment vas made to talk to Mr. Bienvenu on April 14  in order

to discuss sampling of the discharge from Crosby Chemicals.   However, when

the EPA representatives arrived, Mr. Bienvenu was unavailable.  An  appoint-

ment was made to see Mr. Robert Crosby, Company president, at 8:00  a.m.,

April 15, but when the EPA representatives arrived, they learned  that

Mr. Crosby was not present, and could not be seen until  late  afternoon.

He was available the next day, was apprised of the  waste source evaluations

and water quality investigations being conducted in the Basin,  and  consented

to the sampling of the effluent from Crosby Chemicals.

                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS

     Wastcwater effluent samples were collected downstream from the point

of discharge from the last pond (CRO-1).  Water samples were collected

from Palmetto and Bundick Creeks (stations PC-1, BC-1,  BC-2).  Sediment

samples were collected in Palmetto Creek also.  [In Table 4-1 is  a

description of the stations where the effluent, Palmetto Creek, and Bundick

Creek were sampled.]

     Effluent samples (125 ml allquots) were  composited every hour  over  a

24-hour period, commencing at 8:25 a.m., April 27.   On  April 19,  one  effluent

grab sample was collected for oil and grease  dialysis.   Grab samples  were

collected from the stream stations.  [Analytical results are shown  in

Table 4-2.]

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                                                                 IV-3

                                      97

                               TABLE 4-1

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS


Station
Number	    	          Description and Remarks	  	

CRO-1     Samples collected at a point where the effluent from the  last
          treatment pond enters the ditch to Palmetto  Creek,  approximately
          1/8 mile downstream from the point where 1,000  gpn  of dilution
          water is added.

BC-1      Bundick Creek near Dry Creek (USGS 150).

BC-2      Bundick Creek at Highway 26 bridge near DC Ridder,  Louisiana.

PC-1      Palmetto Creek at Highway 171-190 bridge near De Ridder,  Louisiana,

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                                                            TABLE 4-2

                                   '   SUMHART OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS^
Conductivity
Flow pll umhoa/cm
Sta DRd ranRC Composite
CRO-1 6.26 6.4-7.3 180
BC-i 6.7-7.3 78
BC-2 6.8-7.2 148
PC-1 6.6-7.4 134
Oil & Creaae Cadmium
Sts ng/1 Ib/day mR/1
CRO-1 42 2.200 <0.05
BC-1 <0.05
BC-2
PC-1 <0.05
Temp . Solids
*C TOC COD^ total SUSP
ranee mR/1 Ib/day mx/1 Ib/day mR/1 Ib/day mR/1
23-25 38 1.990 160 8.360 184 9.600
22-22 11 74 12
21-22 11 108 16
23-24 22 136 142
Chromium Mercury Lead^
UK/1 UR/1 - mR/1
<0.02 <0.1
<0.1 <0.1
<0.1
<0.1 <0.1
at Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix 7.
b/ COD analyses vere  performed when TOC values exceeded 20 «g/l.
cj No Interference  from calcium detected.
                                                              98

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                            »       99


     Examination of the data indicates that, during the period of sampling,

Crosby Chemicals discharged daily loads of 8,360 Ibs of COD; 1,990 Ibs,

TOC; and 2,200 Ibs of oil and grease to Palmetto Creek, a tributary to

a navigable stream.

     The materials discharged from this industry discolor Palmetto Creek

for several miles downstream from the discharge point.  According to the

Company plant manager, this discoloration is attributable to fatty acid

particles.

     A sample of bottom muda vas collected in Palmetto Creek downstream

from the Crosby Chemicals plant discharge.  The sample consisted primarily

of sandy material vith very little volatiles (1.9 percent) and a very low

OSI value, 0.06.  Both of these figures indicate, insignificant build-up

of organic materials in the receiving stream [Table E-l, Appendix E].

Mercury, at a low concentration of 0.4 vg/g, was also found in this sediment

sample.


        DATA EEP01TED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December IS, 1970)

the discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by

Crosby Chemicals, Incorporated.  A summary of the information from the

Commission files is as follows:

     Date of Application:         March 9, 1971
     Quantity of Discharge:       90,000 gal/hour
     Temperatures                 23*C
     Turbidity:                   Slightly milky, colorless
     True Color:                  None
     Organic Material:            1953 Ibs/day equivalent to 108.6 ppm
     Inorganic Material:          1965 Ibs/day equivalent to 109.2 ppm

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                                     100
                                                                 IV-6
                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT




     According to company officials, no additional treatment  facilities are



planned for construction during the next five years.






                             CONCLUSIONS




     It is concluded that:




     1.  The present discharges, by Crosby Chemical Company,  of  carbonaceous




materials and of oil and grease to Palmetto Creek, a  tributary to  a navi-



gable stream, constitute a violation of Section 407,  Rivers and  Harbors




Act of 1899 (33 USC: 401-413).



     2.  According to Company officials, no plans  exist for implementing




adequate treatment.






                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is reeotaaended that:




     1.  The Crosby Chemical Company be advised that  the Company has  until



March 1, 1972 to develop plans for providing statisfactory treatment  for




its present discharges of carbonaceous materials and  oil and  grease,  and



has until December 31, 1972, to place necessary treatment facilities  in




operation.



     2.  If the new treatment facilities are not in operation by December 31,




1972, appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated  against  the Company.



     3.  If new treatment facilities are in operation by December  31, 1972,



effluent quality be examined; if the quality be found to be inadequate,




appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated against the Company.



     4.  The Corps of Engineers permits, for this  industry specify limita-



tions on BOD, COD, TOG, oil and grease, and suspended solids.

-------
                10:
FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY PLANT
    LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

-------
                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION




General



     In conjunction with other chemical plants and petroleum refineries,




the Firestone plant provides ouch of the support of the economy in the Lower




Calcasieu River area.  The Firestone operation is involved primarily in the



production of synthetic rubber.





Facility Description




     Synthetic rubber is manufactured at this plant which operates con-




tinuously and employs about 900 production persons.  The facility furnishes



80 percent of the raw synthetic rubber for Firestone's operation [head-




quartered at Akron, Ohio] in the United States.  Froduction at the Lake



Charles plant is rated at 315,000 tons per year of synthetic rubber.  It




is baled and shipped by rail or truck to the other Firestone facilities.



     The original facilities were constructed during the years 1942-43,



with the original production process of synthetic rubber being by the




emulsion method.  In 1948, cold rubber processing was introduced here*




A solution-type process using an organic solvent was implemented in 1969.




     The raw synthetic rubber material is approximately 75 percent butadiene



and 25 percent styrene; minor amounts of sulfuric acid, sodium chloride,



and carbon black are added during the process.




     According to the Company plant engineer (at Lake Charles) mercury is



used here for seals in the domestic waste treatment system.  He estimated




losses from the seals at between 26 and 30 Ibs per year of mercury.



Eight employees spend either full time or significant portions of their



time in water pollution control activities at this plant.

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                                                                 V-2
                                       103
Water Supply
     Water, obtained from a series of wells — each being approximately
500 feet deep, is softened and deminerallzed before use In the plant.
Chromate corrosion inhibitors and sulfuric acid are added to the makeup
water for the cooling towers.

Existing Waste Treatment
     Present treatment of the process waste-water, in order to reeove the
rubber crumb lost in the production process, consists of gravity separation
followed by filtration through an excelsior fiber pad.  From the data [listed
in fable 5-1] provided by the Company Plant Engineer, the quantity  and
quality of wastewater discharge can be ascertained.  The heated wastewater
is discharged from one outfall into an open channel and thence to Bayou
d'Inde [Figure 5-11.

Chronology of Contacts
     On March 24, 1971, W. C. Blackman, J. L. Hatheway, and M. R. Helton
of the Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center, EPA, visited the
Firestone Rubber Coopany Lake Charles plant to initiate an industrial
waste inventory.  G. R. McBride, plant engineer, provided the information
requested and conducted a tour of the facility.  The meeting had been
arranged by T. P. Harrison II, enforcement officer, Region VI, EPA, prior
to the day of the visit.
     Throughout the interview, Mr. McBride and his assistants cooperated
fully with the DFI-DC investigators.  Pernlssion to take photographs was not
granted; however, a member of his staff accompanied the investigators and
provided Polaroid pictures of production and treatment facilities as

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                                                                V-3
                                    104
                              TABLE 5-1

            QUALITY 0? WASTEWATER PRESENTLY DISCHARGED AND
                EXPECTED FUTURE WASTEHATER DISCHARGE*'
Present Effluent
Parameter Quality
Flow (mgd)
BOD (mg/1)
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1)
Suspended solids (ing /I)
Oil and grease (extraction) (mg/1)
Chromium (total) (mg/1)
Phenols (mg/1)
Chlorides (mg/1)
Sulfates (mg/1)
2.9
71
• -
144
30
0.11
0.30
701
514
Estimated Quality ,,
of Future Effluent—
3.4
7
5
<10
Zero
Zero
Zero
<701
514
&/ Data provided by the Firestone Rubber Company, Lake Charles, Louisiana.
b/ Following construction of  new primary and secondary treatment facility
   (95 percent removal, suspended solids, and 90 percent removal, BOD).

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                                   105
                                                        -TS
                                                               Not To  Scale
Figure 51.  Effluent  t  Receiving Water Saapling locations for Firestone Soils! Company

-------
                                      106




requested,  Mr. McBride provided a layout drawing of-the facility as veil



as analyses of process vastevater and makeup cooling  cover vater.



     On April 15, 1971, 1. D. Harp and Mr. Hatheway (of the  DFI-BC staff)



met with Mr. McBride and other Company officials  to inform them that waste



source evaluations and vater quality Investigations were to  be conducted



by EPA in the Calcasleu River Basin.  He consented to the sampling of



Firestone Company effluent.





                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS



     The effluent (Station FIR-1) vas sampled from the railroad bridge



crossing a drainage ditch that discharges to Bayou d'Inde [Figure 5-1}.



Shrimp survival and palatability studies were conducted in Bayou d'Inde at



a point downstream of the Company discharge.  Sediment samples vere col-



lected from Bayou d'Inde upstream and downstream  of the discharges.  [In



Table 5-2 is a description of the stations where  the  effluent and Bayou



d'Inde vere sampled.]



     Samples (125 ml aliquots) were composited every  two hours for Ik hours



commencing at 7:00 a.m., April 21.  One  effluent  grab sample, collected at



10:32 a.m. April 17, vas analyzed for oil and grease.  Additional grab



samples vere collected on April 21 for organic analyses.  [Analytical re-



sults of the effluent sampling are shown in fable 5-4.]



     The compounds listed [Table 5-3] comprise the major extractable organic



materials in the Firestone discharge. Other compounds, present in lesser



amounts, vere not Identified.  At present, the effect of these, in the



relatively lov concentrations observed,  on the receiving water Is unknown.

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                                                                 V-5

                                *     107
                               TABLE 5-2

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
                    FOR FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY
Station
Number         |     	_	Description	ami  Remarks

FIR-1     Samples collected at the railroad bridge, outside  the Firestone
          property, from the drainage ditch that empties  into Bayou d'Inde.

CR-1      Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing  (above intracoastal
          waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control station).

CR-6.1    Bayou d'Inde downstream from Firestone, Cit-Con, and Cities Service
          petrochemical plant.

CR-6.2    Bayou d'Inde upstream from Firestone,  Cit-Con,  and Cities Service
          petrochemical plant.

CR-11.2   Lover Calcasieu River, south shore,  south of  Clooney Island, Just
          vest of Lake Charles (Control station).
                               TABLE 5-3

                      ORGANIC SAMPLING RESULTS
                                        Concentration       Load
     CompoundsIdentified                   (ag/1)          (Ib/day)

     Styrene                                0.0026           1.3
     Furfural                               0.0017           0.9
     4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer            0.0030           1.5
     4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer            0*0011           0.6
     4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer            0.0060           3.1
     4-Carbon Cyclohexane Isomer            0.0033           1.7
     1-Methylnaphthalene                    0.0017           0.9

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                                                         TABLE 5-4

                                  SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
                                              FOR FIRESTONE RUBBER COMPANY^/
Sta
FIR-1
Sta
Temp
Flov *C
Conductivity
limhos/cm .. pH
mud range range composite ranee
5.75 32-39 3
Cadmium
nut/1
,000- 5,000 6.5-
7,500 8.8
Chromium
DK/1 Ibs/day
Solids
TOC COD total
OR/1 Ibs/dav DiR/1 Ibs/day me/1 Ibs/dav
52 2,500 168 8,070 3,210 154,000
Mercury Cojjper
liR/1 Ibs/dav niK/1
SUSP Oil & Crease
nK/1 Ibs/day DK/1 Ibs/dav
76 3,650 17 815
Lead
OR/I Ibs/day
FIR-1
<0.05
0.20
                                         10
                                                        0.6
0.0288
<0.02
                                                                                                 10
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix 7.
b/ No Interference fro* calcium detected.
                                                                                                                                 <
                                                         r      108

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                                 109




     During the sampling period, the daily Firestone industrial waste  dis-




charge to Bayou d'In.de contained 8,070 Ibs of COD;  2,500 Ibs,  TOG;  3,650



Ibs, suspended solids; and 815 Iba of oil and grease [Table 5-4].




     Survival studies with shrimp were Bade at Station CR-6.1  and at  the




control stations following methods outlined in Appendix C.   These studies



indicated that total mortality occurred at this station in  Bayou d'Inde



within six hours (Appendix D).  Toxlcity resulting  from industrial  wastes,




noxious sludge gases, the lack of oxygen, -- either alone or a combination




-- is contributary to the cause of the mortalities.  The 100 percent



mortality precluded taste and odor tests with shrimp.  (No  shrimp mortalities




occurred at the Control Stations (CR-1 and CR-11.2) during  this six-hour



time span.)




     Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 1],  are located In  the Lover



Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination from Indus-




trial wastes.  Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial discharges



and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations.   Station



CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and  has water




with lower salinity levels than has Station 1.




     Bottom sediment samples collected from Bayou d'Inde, at a point  below




the discharges from the Firestone plant, contained 20 percent  volatile



material and had an OSI value of 3.4 [Table E-l, Appendix E],   (Neigh-




boring industrial sources also downstream from the discharges  may be  con-




tributory to the problem.)  These figures indicate a highly organic bottom



deposit undergoing decomposition and stabilization.  Upstream of  the  plant



discharges, bottom sediments are composed of decaying matted vegetation,

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                                   110


leaves, etc.; and the OSI value is slightly lower, at 3.1;  the volatiles

19 percent.


        DMA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION


     Information obtained from the Louisiana Stream Control Commission

indicates that present treatment at Firestone consists of solids removal,

neutralization, filtration, and aeration.  By March 1971, these facilities

vere scheduled to be replaced by primary and secondary clarification and

aeration.  During this investigation the aerators were not  in use.   Further,

no specific levels of waste materials in the Industrial effluent fron

Firestone Rubber Company were available to EPA representatives.


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     The Company has been awarded an EPA Research and Development Grant

($390,000) for the development of a nev Industrial wastewater treatment

system.  The purpose of the research is to develop a system using alum and

a polyelectrolyte, air flotation followed by biological treatment,  and

aerated lagoons to treat approximately 5,8 mgd.  An API oil separator will

precede the nev treatment system.

     At the time of this inspection, in offering data [presented in Table

1], Company officials disclosed that these are the expected results of
                          i
the proposed system, to be on line in early June 1971.  If  the anticipated

level of treatment is achieved, abatement of these pollution sources should

be adequate to protect the present uses of the receiving waters*

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                                   Ill                         v-9





                             CONCLUSIONS



     It is concluded that;



     1.  Present discharge of carbonaceous materials,  suspended  solids,



and oil and grease by the Lake Charles Plant of  the  Firestone  Rubber Company



constitutes a violation of Section 407, Rivers  and Harbors Act of  1899



(33 USC: 401-413).



     2.  The Company appears to be making suitable progress  toward instal-



lation of improved treatment facilities.



     3.  The Company should be permitted  a reasonable  allowance  of time  to



complete the planned facilities and to attain routine  operation  thereof.





                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is recommended that:



     1.  Progress toward implementation of planned  treatment procedures



be monitored by the Office of Enforcement, EPA.



     2.  If the new treatment facilities  are not in  operation  by December 31,



1971, appropriate abatement proceedings be Initiated against the Company.



     3.  If new treatment facilities are  in operation  by December 31,  1971,



effluent quality be examined; if the quality is found  to be  Inadequate,



appropriate abatement proceedings be initiated.



     4.  The permit, to be Issued to the  Lake Charles  Plant  of the Firestone



Rubber Company, limit discharges of BOD,  COD, TOC, oil and  grease, heavy



metals, and total hydrocarbons, consistent with best available treatment



and with the water quality standards for  the Lover Calcasieu Elver.

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DAVISQH CHEMICAL DIVISION
 W. R. GRACE AND COM?ANT
 LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

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                                                                 VI-1
                                  113
                       BACKGROIM) INFORMATION

General

     In conjunction with other chemical plants and all the major petroleum

refineries, the Davison Chemical plant makes a significant contribution to

the economy in the Lover Calcasieu River area.  This W,  R. Grace operation

la involved primarily in the production of catalysts.

     The Davison Chemical Division manufactures synthetic cracking catalysts

to supply the needs of various petrochemical complexes operating in the

Lake Charles area.  This plant operates continuously.  One hundred fifty

employees are Involved in production and another fifty carry out management

and administrative duties.  The director of environmental matters for

W. R, Grace declined to answer EPA'e question regarding the rated plant

capacity.

     The basic raw materials used in the production of catalysts at this

facility are silica and aluminum.  Intermediate compounds are sodium

silicate, aluminum hydrate, aluminum sulfate, and ammonia.  Various clays

are also added in the process.  The final step is a spray wash and drying.

It is at this point that a portion of the product Is lost and eventually

finds its way into the Davison industrial waste discharge.


Water JSupply

     Water is obtained from two wells, each rated at 1,250 gpm (1.8 mgd).

Uses of this water are for process, boiler feed, sanitary service, and non-

contact cooling.

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                                    114





Exis ting Waste Treatment



     Untreated process waste is discharged  from a single  outfall  to  an




unnamed bayou that flows to the Calcaaieu River [Figure 6-1]•



     The plant is currently operating  under a permit  from the  Louisiana



Stream Control Commission.





Chronology of Contacts



     On March 26, 1971, J.  L. Hatheway and  M. R,  Helton of the Division of




Field Investigations-Denver Center,  EPA,  net with Henry S.  Craven, Plant



Manager, and Fred Henke, Director of Environmental Matters, in order to




Initiate an industrial waste inventory at this plant.  The meeting had been



arranged by E. D. Anthony,  Jr., enforcement programs  specialist,  Region VI




Office, EPA, Dallas, Texas, on March 25,  1971.




     Mr. Henke commented that none of  the local employees devote  significant



time to water pollution control.  There are, however,  two employees  at the




corporate home office [P.O, Box 2117,  Baltimore,  Maryland]  who are assigned



principal duties in water pollution and/or  air pollution  control  for all



operating subdivisions.  These employees  were present and accompanied the



EPA investigators on the initial tour  of  the plant.  Mr.  Henke and the



others present indicated that no heavy metals are used in any  of  the pro-




cesses, and added that heavy metals cannot  be permitted to be  present in



the finished product.  The  Company representatives were cooperative, at-




tempted to answer all the questions posed by the investigating team, and



conducted the team on a tour of the plant.




     On April 16, 1971, R.  D. Harp, R. L. King, and Mr. Hatheway  (all

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                                                                 VI-3
DFI-DC representatives) met with Mr. Henke to discuss the industrial waste-




water sampling program.  He consented to the sampling of the effluent from




this W. E. Grace facility.






                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS



     Wastewater effluent samples [as Illustrated in Figure 6-1] were col-



lected from the discharge channel at a point about 200 feet outside the



southeast corner.of the property (WRG-1).  Shrimp survival studies were




conducted on the Lower Calcasleu River upstream and downstrean from the



W. 1. Grace discharge.  Sediment samples were collected from the River




at the point of the discharge (station CR-2),  [In Table 6-1 is a descrip-




tion of the stations where the effluent and the Lower Calcasleu River were




sampled.]



     Effluent samples (125 ml allquots) were composited every two hours,



for 24 hours, beginning at 6:15 a.m., April 23.  [The results of the sampling




are shown in Table 6-2,]



     During the period of the sampling, Grace's Davison Chemical Division



discharged each day loads of at least 910 Ibs of aluminum; 3,870 Ibs, COD;




290 Ibs, TOCj and 11,700 Ibs of suspended solids Into the Lower River.




     Survival studies were made with shrimp at Station CR-2, CR-2,1 and at



the Control Stations following methods outlined in Appendix C.  These



studies indicated that total shrimp mortality occurred within 6 hours




[Appendix C],  Near the east bank of the Lower River, opposite the dis-



charge point (CR-2.1), a total shrimp mortality occurred within two hours.



Total mortality during the 6-hour test precluded taste and odor evaluation.




(At Control Stations CR-1 and CR-11.2 there were no mortalities during



this time span.)

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                                            116
LA 1O8
                                                                                         N
                                                                        Not To  Scale
          Figure 6-1.   Ellluent  I  Receiving liter Sampling  Locations lor i. R, Gtace ^ Company

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                                                                 VI-4
                                  11?
                               TABLE 6-1

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING HATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number
Description and Remarks
WRG—1     Samples collected of the effluent  from  the drainage ditch at a
          point about 200 ft outside the  southeast  corner of the property.
          The ditch drains into the Lower Calcasieu River through an un-
          named Bayou.

CR-1      Calcasieu River near Calcasieu  Landing  (upstream from intraeoastal
          waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (control station).

CR-2      Lower Calcasieu .River near Vincent's Landing, at the discharge
          from W, R. Grace and Company.

CR-2.1    Lover Calcasieu River, next to  the east bank, opposite W, R, Grace
          and Company discharge.

CR-11.2   Calcasieu River, south shore, south of  Clooney Island Just west
          of Lake Charles (control station).

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                                                         TABLE 6-2


                                    SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS2/
Conductivity
Flow
Sta mad
WRC-1 1.81

CR-2
PH
range
4.1-8.6

7.6-8.9
\i mhos/cm
range
19,500-
40,000

composite
28.000

14,500
Temp
•c
range
37-42

23-26
Solids
TOC
rng/1 Iba/day
19 290

9.1.
COD total
nR/1 Iba/day mc/1 Ibs/day
256 3.870 22.900 346.000

8.950
suap
B1R/1
772

16
Ibs/day
11.700


Sta
WRC-1
CR-2
Cadmium
nR/1
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
rag/1
<0.01
<0.02
Mercury
UR/1 Ibs/day
0.8 0.0121
3.2
Aluminum
nut/I Ibs/dav
60 910
<0.5
Copper
rnn/1

<0.02
Lead
me/1

«0.1
a/ Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Two •ample*  taken (morning and  afternoon).
                                                   118
                                                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                                                   01

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                                                                 VI-6
                                 119

     Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11,2  [Table I],  are located  in the Lower

Calcasieu River so as to have the least  possible contamination  from Indus-

trial wastes.  Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial discharges

and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations.  Station

CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges  and has water

with lower salinity levels than has Station 1.

     A sample of the bottom sediments, taken downstream from the  Industrial

discharge of W. R. Grace and Company, was composed  of  grayish-white partic-

ulate material.  A low OSI value, 0.25,  indicates that the waste  material

discharged is primarily of inorganic character [Table  E-l, Appendix E].


        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission extended  (December 16, 1970)

the discharge penult of W. R. Grace and  Company.  A summary  of  information

from the Commission files as to allowable levels of materials discharged

is as follows:

     Date of Application:        August  13, 1970
     Quantity of Discharge:      3.09 cfs
     Temperature:                Ambient
     Turbidity:                  50 to 800 ppm
     True Color:                 Hone
     Inorganic Materials:        332,000 Ibs/day equivalent  to  19,500 ppm
                                 discharged to the Calcasieu River.


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     Construction of a new wastewater treatment facility is  underway with

an estimated completion date of December 1972.  This new facility consists

of clarification and pH control.  If properly designed and operated, this

-------
                                   120



facility should provide adequate treatment to protect  the  quality of  the



receiving waters.





                             CONCLUSIONS



     It is concluded that;



     1.  Present discharge of carbonaceous materials,  aluminum,  and suspended



solids, by the Lake Charles Plant of  W.  R. Grace and Company  (Davison Chem-



ical Division) constitutes a violation of  Section 407, livers  and Harbors



Act of 1899 (33 USC; 401-413).



     2.  The Company appears to be making  suitable progress toward instal-



lation of treatment facilities.



     3.  The Company should be permitted a reasonable  allowance  of time to



complete the planned facilities and to attain routine  operation  thereof.





                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is recommended that:



     1.  Progress toward implementation  of planned treatment be  monitored



by the Office of Enforcement, EPA}



     2.  If new treatment facilities  are not in operation  by January  1,



1973, appropriate abatement actions be initiated against the Company.



     3.  If new treatment facilities  are in operation  by January 1, 1973,



effluent quality be examined; if the  quality is found  to be inadequate,



appropriate abatement actions be initiated against the Company.



     4.  The permit, to be issued to  W.  R. Grace and Company,  limiting



discharges of BOD, COD, TOC, heavy metals, and aluminum  be consistent with



best available treatment and the water quality standards for  the Lower



Calcasieu River.

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             121
HERCULES, INCORPORATED
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

-------
                                    ±22
VII-l
                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION



General




     In conjunction with other chemical plants and all the major petroleum



refineries in the area, the Hercules plant is a substantial contributor  to



the economy in the Lover Calcasieu River Basin,  The Hercules operation  is



involved primarily in the production of organic chemicals.



     The plant operates continuously to produce 500 million Ibs  of  poly-




olefins, polyethylene, and polypropylene per year.  Six hundred  persons



are employed at this facility.




     The materials used in the process are eythlene, propylene,  Isopropsnol,



oethanol, aluminum alkyl, titanium chloride, surfactants,  caustic soda,




sulfuric acid, an unidentified plastic stabilizer, kerosene hydrocarbons,




and chrotaate corrosion inhibitors.





Water Supply



     Water is obtained from three veils that are about 500 feet  deep.  The



veils supply a total of about 3,000 gpm (4.32 mgd).  Process vater  is




demineralized and is used for purification of the product.





Existing Waste Treatment




     Present treatment of vater-contact process vastes takes place  in  six



ponds that can be operated in series or in parallel [Figure 7-1].  Aluminum



and titanium are removed by pK adjustment and subsequent precipitation in




the ponds.  lacpropanol is stripped, by steam, froa che product. Then,  the



steam is distilled in order to recover the alcohol for recycling.  (Company



officials claim that 94 to 96 percent recovery of isopropanol is achieved

-------
                                          123
•    US 90
                                                                         Not To  Scale
           Figure H,  Uflueni  i  Receiring  Witer Sampling locations lof Hercules, Itictrporaied

-------
by this system.)  The alcohol lost In the process is mixed with the waste-




water  discharged to the ponds.




     A seventh pond, known as the "firewater pond", receives wastes from



the railroad car unloading area.  This wastewater receives treatment in an




API separator prior to discharge to the "firewater pond".  Various flow




patterns are possible within the pond area.  At the tine of the survey, a




separate discharge, from the "firewater pond" to the outfall ditch, was in



operation.  The combined wastewater streams flow through a rated section



that is equipped with a water level recorder, and are then discharged to




the Lower Calcasieu River through an outfall ditch.





Chronology of Contacts



     On April 1, 1971, R. D. Harp and M. R. Helton of the DFI-DC staff




visited the Lake Charles facility of Hercules, Incorporated, ic order to




determine the basic processes in the plant and the associated water pol-



lution control facilities.  D. J. Kielman, manager of environmental



affairs for Hercules, provided the information requested and conducted




a tour of the facilities*  The meeting had been arranged on March 29, by




E. D. Anthony, Jr., enforcenent programs specialist, EPA, Region VI.



     Throughout the Interview Hr. Kieltnan was cooperative and provided



analytical data, drawings of the treatment facilites, and a general




location plan.



     On April 19, J. V. Rouse (also of EPA's DFI-DC staff) and Mr. Harp



met with Hr. Kielman to discuss the industrial wastewater sampling program.



He was Informed that waste source evaluations and water quality investiga-



tions were being conducted in the Calcasieu River Basin by DFI-DC.



Mr. Kielman consented to the sampling of the Hercules effluent.

-------
                                      125
VII-3
                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS




     Wastewater effluent samples were collected from  the outfall ditch




(HER-1) at a point just outside of the southeast  corner of  the  property



fence.  [In fable 7-1 Is a description of the Lover Calcasieu River  sampling




stations, and In Table 7-2 are the effluent data  furnished  by Hercules.1




     Water samples (125 ml aliquots) were composited  every  two  hours



over a 24-hour period commencing at 6;45 a.m., April  23,  One effluent grab



sample (HER-2) was collected at 2:15 p.m., April  19,  for oil and grease




analysis.  Additional grab samples (HER-1B) were  collected  at 6:45 a.m.,



April 23, for specific organic analysis [Table 3].  Survival studies with



shrimp were conducted on the Lower Calcasieu River  downstream from the




Hercules discharge.  Sediment samples were also obtained from the same area.




     Shrimp survival studies were made with white shrimp at CR-5 and CR-5.1




— as well as at CR-11.2 and CR-1 — following methods outlined in Appendix C»



in order to determine palatabilities and mortality  rates.   These studies




showed mortalities of 40 to 100 percent, respectively, at  the end of a




24-hour period [Appendix D],  The mortality rate, at  CR-5,  continued at 10



to 20 percent .for each additional 24-hour period  until, at  the  end of  72




hours, 70 percent of the shrimp had died.  The Control Stations CR-1 and



CR-11,2 had mortalities of 20 percent during this 72-hour period.  Shrimp



showed no significant off-flavor or off-odor,




     Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 7-1J,  are located in  the




Lower Calcasieu River BO as to have the least possible contamination from




industrial wastes.  Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial



discharges and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than  are  all the other stations.

-------
                                    126                        vii-4



                              TABLE 7-1

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING  POINTS
Station
Number  	                   Description and Remarks	    ^.      	.

Her-1    Samples collected from the drainage ditch just outside  the
         southeast corner of the property fence.   Ditch empties  Into
         the Lover Calcasieu River.

HER-1B   Grab sample for organic chemical analyses taken of  the  effluent
         from the last treatment pond.

HER-2    Grab sample for organic chemical analyses of  the influent  to  the
         waste treatment ponds,

CR-1     Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream from intracoastal
         waterway) near Channel Marker 92 (Control Station).

CR-5     Lower Calcasieu Mver, near Channel Marker 108, downstream from
         Hercules effluent.

CR-5.1   Lower Calcasieu River, at Channel Marker 108, opposite  shore
         from Hercules Incorporated discharge.

CP.-11.2  Calcasieu River, south shore, south of Clooney Island just vest
         of Lake Charles (Control Station).
                              TABLE 7-2

                         HERCULES EFFLUENT-'


     Sodium          885    mg/1      Chromate              1.06 mg/1—
     Chloride        400    mg/1      Total dissolved
     Sulfate       1,490    mg/1        inorganics      2,702    mg/1
     Calcium          19    mg/1      Dissolved
     Aluminum          4    mg/1        oxygen              7    mg/1
     Titanium          3    mg/1
&f Data supplied by manager for environmental affairs,
b_/ According to Company officials, recent improvements in treatment
   have reduced the chrornate concentration in the effluent to 0,38 mg/1.

-------
Station CR-11.2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and haa

water with lover salinity levels than haa Station 1.


                              TABLE 7-3

                    RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS

                                              Concentration       Load
     Station            Parameter                (mg/1)          Ibs/day

     HEE-1B              Decane                    0.03           0.6
                         Undecane                  0.02           0.4


     Both decane and undecane are aliphatic hydrocarbons that can be

measured as oil and grease.  These two compounds were the major extractable

organics in the Hercules effluent.  At the low concentrations encountered,

the hydrocarbons should have little effect on the receiving water.

     Evaluation of analytical data and field measurements [Table 7-4] indi-

cates that, during the period of the survey, Hercules, Incorporated, dis-

charged daily loads of 3.5 Ibs of chromium; 5,800 Ibs, COD; 1,100 Ibs, TOG;

760 Ibs, suspended solids; and 18 Ibs of oil and grease.

     Bottom sediment samples collected in the Lower Calcasieu River down-

stream from the Hercules discharge were primarily composed of fine sand.

Approximately one percent of the sample was volatile and the OSI value was

0.01, thus confirming the inorganic nature of the settleable solids dis-

charged by the Company [Table E-l, Appendix E].


       DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (December 16, 1970)

discharge levels of certain materials based on data submitted by Hercules,

-------
                                                            TABLE 7-4

                                     SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS-
Sta
BER-1
CR-5
Sta
HER-I
• Conductivity
Flow pH pmhos/cm
mud ranee range Composite
2.12 6.9-7.2 2.400- 1.960
3.200
6.8-6.3 13.400
Oil 6 Grease Cadmium
mR/1 Ibs/day mg/1
1 18 <0.05
Temp
*C TOC
ranee mn/1 Ibs/day
23-30.5 62 1,100
23-24 9.4.
13£/
Chromium
BR/1 Ibs/day
0.20 3.5
, . Solids
COD-' Total
rnn/1 Ibs/day me/1 Ibs/day mR/1
332 5,880 1.290 22.800 43
8.980 16
Mercury
UR/1 Ibs/day
0.7 0.0124

Su3p
Ibs/day
760
CR-5
al Analytical procedures are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ COD analyses were performed when TOC values  exceeded 20 Kg/1.
cj Composite samples caken (morning and •£tarnoon).
                                                               128
                                                                                                                                        cr\

-------
                                                                 VII-7
Incorporated.  A summary of the information from the Commission files

is as follows:

     Date of Application:         August 19, 1970
     Quantity of Discharge:       2.3 cfa
     Temperature:                 Ambient
     Turbidity:                   Approximately 100 ppm
     True Color:                  Less than 20 by the Hazen method
     Organic Material:            8,000 Ibs/day
     Inorganic Materia;:          30,000 Ibs/day
     Toxic Material:
       Zinc Chrornate              2 Ibs/day discharged to Lower
                                  Calcasieu liver


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     Hercules, Incorporated, is constructing a new biological treatment

facility that will be in operation by January 1, 1972,  This new facility

is designed to remove 85 percent of the organic chemicals before the

effluent enters the settling ponds.


                             CONCLUSIONS

     It is concluded that:

     1.  Present discharges of chromium, carbonaceous materials, and sus-

pended solids constitute violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act

of 1899 (33 USC 401-413).

     2.  Survival studies with shrimp indicate that the stream near the

Hercules facility contains toxic materials.

     3.  The Company is on schedule with the construction of upgraded  treat-

ment facilities*

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                                  130
                                                                 VII-8
                          BECOMMENDATIONS



     It Is recommended that:




     1.  The Office of Enforcement,  EPA, monitor progress toward construction



completion and start-up of the treatment facilities;



     2.  If the new treatment facilities are not in operation by April 1,



1972, consideration be given  to initiating  appropriate abatement actions




against Hercules, Incorporated, for  the discharge of chromium, carbonaceous



materials, and suspended solids, to  the Lower  Calcasieu  River, a navigable



stream;




     3,  If the new treatment facilities are in operation by April 1, 1972,



the effluent quality be examined and,  if found to be inadequate, appropriate



abatement proceedings be initiated;




     4.  The permit to be issued Hercules,  Incorporated, limit discharges




of BOD; COD; TOC; oil and grease; heavy metals; and total hydrocarbons to




be consistent with best available treatment and the water quality standards



for the Lower Calcasieu River,

-------
          131
   OLIN COHPORATION
LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA

-------
                                                                 VIII-l
                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION




General




     In conjunction with other chemical plants and all the major petroleum



refineries, the Olin Corporation plant is a substantial contributor to the



economy in the Lower Calcasieu River area.  The operation is primarily




involved in the production of heavy chemicals.



     Olin operates this facility continuously.  Between 100 and 500 persons



are employed in the production operation.  The major products are soda ash,




ammonia, sodium nitrate, hydrazines, urea, and nitric acid.  The Solvay



process is used in the production of soda ash (technical grade sodium car-




bonate, anhydrous).  The rated, daily plant capacity is 1,000 tons of soda



ash; 1,400 tons, ammonia; 300 tons, sodium nitrate; 250 tons, nitric acid;




8,000 Ibs, hydrazine; and 450 tons of urea.





Water Supply




     Water is obtained from the Lower River for use in non-contact cooling.



(No Information regarding the quality of water withdrawn from the River




was provided by the Company.)  Water for boiler feed, domestic use, and for



additional non-contact cooling, plus process water, is supplied by 13 wells,



each of which is rated at 1,100 gpm (1.58 mgd)»





ExistingWaste Treatment



     All wastewater effluents are discharged back to the River.  (Company




officials would not disclose either the type of treatment provided to the



wastes prior to their discharge or the process from which each discharge



was derived.)  Nine of the ten discharges from the Olin facility are to a




barge slip [Figure 8-1J.  Discharge from the large tailings pond is to the




River.

-------
                                         133
US 9O
N
                                                                        Not To Scale
     Figure 8-1.  [[linen!  &  Rsceinrij  Water Samplinj  LocitiOBS  lor Olin  Ctrpgratigg

-------
                                      134





Chronology of Contacts




     On March 26, 1971 E. D. Anthony, Jr., enforcement  programs  specialist,




Region VI Office, EPA, contacted L. P, Schell,  technical  manager of  the



Agricultural Division of Olin Corporation, in order to  arrange a meeting




with DFI-DC representatives.  On March 29, M. R.  Helton,  of  the  DFI-DC



staff, met with Mr. Schell.  It was pointed out that, at  the request of




the Region VI Office, information was being collected on  Industrial  dis-



charges in the Lake Charles area.  Mr. Schell indicated that he  was  not




at liberty to release information.  Further, he was neither  cooperative




nor responsive to inquiries regarding processes,  raw materials,  treatment




of wastes, etc.  Although Mr. Schell consented  to conduct the EPA repre-



sentative on a tour of the process area, he avoided any discussion of




waste discharges — to the extent that he would not even  admit that  the



Olin Corporation owned a 525-acre tailings pond.



     On April 16, R. D. Harp, of the DFI-DC staff contacted  Mr.  Schell




to request permission to sample the wastewaters discharged by the Olin




plant.  He was provided a copy of an introductory letter, signed by  the



DFI-DC director, indicating the purposes of the survey.




     On April '29, 1971, Mr. Schell contacted Mr.  Harp to  inform  him  that



the plant effluent could be sampled.  The next  day (April 21)  the plant




was visited in order to select sampling locations.  Company  officials re-



quested that they be furnished copies of the analytical results  of the



sampling.  Mr» Harp indicated that their request  should be directed  to the



Dallas Regional Office, EPA.  Copies of the field measurement results were



provided the Company Iramedlately after the sampling was completed.

-------
                             ,     135




                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS




     Samples were collected from the ten discharges and the water supply




Intake.  [See Table 8-1 for a description of effluent and receiving water




sampling points.]  Effluent samples (125 ml allquots) were collected every



two hours and composited over a 24-hour period (except at station Olin 11,




which was sampled every six hours) commencing at 8:20 a.m., April 22, 1971.



Intake water (Olin 1) is apparently used for a once-through, non-contact cool-



ing.  Also, the Olin 9 discharge is assumed to be primarily cooling water.



     Survival and palatability studies were conducted with white shrimp.



The shrimp were exposed to the River water near discharges following methods



outlined in Appendix C,  [Results of these studies are shown in Appendix D.J




Within six hours, shrimp placed in the River at the mouth of the Company



barge canal (CR-11) acquired significant off-flavor.  At the end of a 24-hour




period, total shrimp mortality had occurred at this station.  Similar tests



conducted at Control Stations showed no significant off-flavor or off-odor



and shrimp had a mortality range from 10 to 20 percent (80 to 90 percent




survival).



     Control Stations, CR-1 and CR-11.2 [Table 1], are located in the Lower




Calcasieu River so as to have the least possible contamination from indus-



trial wastes.  Station CR-1 Is located downstream from industrial discharges



and closer to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations.  Station




CR-11,2 is located upstream of most industrial discharges and has water



with lower salinity levels than has Station 1.



     Shrimp placed in the River for 6 hours near the Olin tailings pond




discharge (CR-8) acquired no significant off-odor or off-flavor,  A 40

-------
                                   136

                               TABLE 8-1
                                    VII1-4
     DESCRIPTION OP EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POIOTS
Station
Number
Description and Remarks
OLIN-1    Water supply intake, located north of Clooney Island and approxi-
          mately 1,000 ft east of the Olin Slip entrance.

OLIN-2    Samples of the effluent from the nitrogen area collected from a
          48-in. reinforced concrete pipe discharging to the Olin Slip,
          upstream of the Slip entrance.

OLIN-3    Samples of the water treatment effluent collected from a 2-ft
          concrete open rectrangular channel that is located approximately
          600 ft from the Olin Slip entrance.

OLIN-4    Samples collected from a 2-ft concrete open rectangular channel
          located approximately 1,400 ft from the Olin Slip entrance and
          west of the alkali warehouse.

OLIN-5    Samples collected from a 30-in. diameter cast iron pipe located
          approximately 200 ft from the alkali warehouse and 1,600 ft
          fron the Olin Slip entrance,

OLIN-6    Samples collected from a 24-in, diameter cast iron pipe located
          approximately 250 ft west of the alkali warehouse and 1,700 ft
          vest of the entrance to the Olin Slip.

OLIN-7    Samples collected from a rectangular channel located approximately
          300 ft west of the alkali warehouse and 1,700 ft west of the
          entrance to the Olin Slip.

OLIN-8    Samples collected from a 24-in. diameter reinforced concrete pipe
          located approximately at the same elevation as the west edge of
          the powerhouse and 2,000 ft west of the entrance to the Olin Slip.

OLIN-9    Samples collected from a pipe located west of OLIN-8.  This
          constituted the major discharge (quantity) to the Olin Slip.

OLIN-10   Samples of the effluent from the hydrazine area collected from a
          pipe located at the west end of the Olin Slip.

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                                  137

                         TABLE 8-1 (Continued)

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
                                                                 VIII-5
Station
Number
                               Descriptigr.and  Remarks
OLIN-11




CR-8


CR-8.1

CR-9


CR-11


CR-11. 1

CR-11. 2


CR-1
          Samples of the effluent collected  from  the Olin  tailings pond
          discharging to the Lower Calcasieu River  east of Coon Island.
          The discharge point is located  approximately 2,000  ft north
          of Channel Marker
          Lower Calcasieu River,  east shore of  Coon  Island near  the discharge
          from Olin tailings pond.

          Lower Calcasieu River,  near Prien Lake  at  buoy  110.

          Lower Calcasieu River near Channel Marker  112,  midway  between Coon
          Island and Contraband Bayou,

          Lower Calcasieu River at  mouth of Olin  barge  slip, northwest of
          Clooney Island,

          Lower Calcasieu River,  north shore, south  of  Clooney Island.

          Lower Calcasieu River,  south shore, south  of  Clooney Island, just
          west of Lake Charles (Control Station).

          Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu  Landing  (upstream of the
          Intracoastal waterway)  near Channel Marker 92 (Control Station) .

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                                   138





percent shrimp mortality was recorded at this station at the end of  a




24-hour survival study.  The kill continued at a mortality rate of 10 to



20 percent for each additional 24-hour exposure to the River- water




[Appendix Dj.  The result was a 70 percent mortality at CR-8 at the  end of




a 72-hour test period.  Control Stations had a mortality of 20 percent



during this period.  The live shrimp were left in situ until the termina-




tion of the 4-day test.  High mortalities at all including Control Stations



precluded the use of the 96-hour data for bioassay or taste and odor




comparisons.  Toxic materials contained in the Company discharges apparently



contributed to shrimp mortalities at CR-8 and CR-11.



     Haste loads discharged during the sampling period, not including




constituents contained In the cooling water (Olin-9), were at least: 2,000



Its of TOC; 5,200 Ibs, NH,N; 1,000 Iba, Org N; 12,300 Ibs, suspended solids;



145 Ibs, ehroid.ua; and 4 Ibs of cadmium.  [See Table 8-2.]  Temperature cf




the effluents varied from 10* to 50*C.  Total addition of heat to the




receiving waters from all discharges was 1.2 X 10   calories.



     Bottom sediment samples [Table E-l, Appendix E] were taken at the




mouth of the Olin Barge Slip and near the discharge from the Company tail-



ings pond across from Coon Island.  In the Slip (35 ft depth) sediments




consisted of a soft mud that emitted a petrochemical odor.  These sediments



contained 22 percent volatile materials.  However, the Organic Sediment




Index (OSI) was only 1.2, indicating slowly decomposing materials.  It was



not possible to determine whether these materials are deposited from Company



discharges or from barge leakage.  Bottom sediments near the tailings



pond discharge exhibited a low OSI value 0.24 and only 7.9 percent volatile

-------
                    TABLE 8-2




SUMMARY OP ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS5/
Sta
OLIN-1
OLIN-2
OLIN-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-5
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-8
OLIN-9
OLIN-10
OLIN-11
CR-8
CR-9
CR-11

Flow

4.10
0.81
0.389
6.358
2.31
0.036
0.267
15.16
0.362
3.19




range
7.1-8.8
7.0-8.5
7.1-10.3
7.8-12.2
7.2-10.6
7.0-9.7
7.4-10.0
6.6-10.2
7.0-9.0
4.0-11.5
5.9-9.0
7.5-8.2
7.4-8.0
7.6-8.5

Conductivity
Umhos/cn
ranfte
4.250-16.000
1.200-4,250
1.000-15,000
4,000-22.500
6.500-15,000
6,500-15.000
1,000-40,000
1,300-20,500
6,000-15,000
1,300-2,900
>40.000




comp
7.900
2,300
4,300
11.600
7,200
8,800
5,700
2,000
8,600
1.340
74 .000
8,500
12,600
11,000

Temp
•c
range
10-25 •
25-38
40->50
19-30
18-32
26-43
23-42
22-40
15-34
10-28
24-25
22.5-24
20-23
24-25

Solids
TOC CO
BiR/1
9
23
1
3
8
11
5
2
10
5
21
9L 11 —
.1, J.J.
8.5. 8.8
9.5. 17^

Ibs/day mn/1

790 114
7
10
425
210
2|
4 '
1,270
15
560
/
c/
/

D27 total
Ibs/day mjt/1
5.160
3,900 1,190
2.620
8,370
4.540
5,890
3,750
1.030
5.580
1.450
73,900
5.350
8.420
7,300

Ibs/day

40.700
17,700
27.200
241.000
113.600
1.130
2.300
706,400
4,400
1,970.000




SUSP
me/I
23
44
99
77
122
28
115
13
33
31
102
14
8
6

Ibs/day

1.510
670
250
6.480
540
35
30
4.180
95
2.720


^
f~H
i
--J
              139

-------
                                                          TABLE 8-2 (Continued)

                                         SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
OrR N
Sta
OLIN-1
OLIN-2
OLIN-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-5
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-8
OLIN-9
OLIN-10
OLIN-11
CR-8
CR-9
CR-11
mR/1
7.00
11.50
6.44
4.76
7.28
8.12
48.2
6.16
10.1
6.16




Ibs/day

394
40
15
390
160
15
15
1,280
20




NHi-N
OR/I
3.44
75.6
21.6
438
12.7
13.6
156
2.1
6.3
5.18
3.22



Ibs/dny

2,590
145
1,420
675
260
45
5
800
16
85



Cadmium
mR/1 Ibs/day
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
•eO.05
0.15 4


<0.05
Chromium
me/1 Ibs/day
0.04
4.0 140
<0.01
<0.01
0.02 1.1
0.02 0.4
0.02 0.01
<0.01
0.04 5
<0.01
0.10 3


0.05
Mercury
UK/1
<0.1
0.2
0.4
2.7
3.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.1


2.7
Ibs/day

0.0069
0.0027
0.0088
0.2071
0.0019
0.0001
0.0002
0.0127
0.0018
0.0027



Copper
mR/1 Ibs/day
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.08 0.3
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.17 4.5


<0.02
Lead Nickel
me/1 mR/1
0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.02 <0.2
<•/ d/


<0.1
Aluminum
OR/1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5

-------
                                                                 VIII-9
                            r     141
material, thus Indicating that the solids discharged  are primarily  in-

organic in nature.


        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     Olin Corporation submitted an application [August 24,  1970]  to the

Louisiana Stream Control Commission for approval of waste discharge levels

of certain materials.  The total quantity of flow discharged  through eleven

sources was to be 29,83 cfs with an inorganic load of 2,847,210 Ibs/day.

The Commission reviewed the application and returned  the data to  the

Company for submission of more information.  [A summary of  the present

information pertaining to waste discharges on file with the Louisiana

stream Control Commission is contained in Table 8-3.]


                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT

     There was no information provided by Company officials on a proposed

treatment program at this Industry.


                             CONCLUSIONS

     It is concluded that:

     1.  Discharges to the Lower Calcasieu liver, of  chromium, cadmium,

nitrogenous materials, carbonaceous materials, suspended solids,  and heat,

by the Company plant constitute violations of Section 407,  Rivers and

Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC; 401-413).

     2.  Survival studies with shrimp indicate that  the stream near the

Olin facility contains toxic materials.

     3.  At no time during the course of the investigation  was there any

indication that the Company plans to initiate or improve treatment  of the

liquid wastes which are presently being discharged.

-------
                                                           TABLE 8-3

                                   OLIN CORPORATION DISCHARGE COMPOSITION LEVELS SUBMITTED TO
                                               LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
Sewer
1
2
3
4
5
6
• ' . 7 ::
8
9
9B
10
11*
Quantity of
Discharge, Temperature
cfs *F
N o
2.0
0.8
0.82
0.11
1.74
1.34
0.4S
13.6
0.17
0.17
8.5

93
149
95
95
107
107
93
96
83
83
ambient
Turbidity,
ppm SIO?

41
10
46
98
3
500
4
2
19
19
9
True
Color
Units

93
12
9
9
9
5
7
9
3
3
6
Toxic Materials
Inorcnnlc Material CrOi NHj
Ibo/dav ppm Iba/dny ppm Ibs/day ppm

2,850 2,652 176 16 336 31
48.500 10,226
20,560 4,647
200 337 7 12

1.300 180


60 67
60 67
2,772.000 60.000 600 13
Note:  All of the above permits except for Sewer fll indicated no treatment with direct discharge of  effluent to  the
       Lower Cnlcasleu River via • privately owned boat slip.

* Sever fll discharges to a 525-acre treatment pond and then to the Lover Calcaaieu River.
                                                                                                                                       I
                                                                                                                                      M
                                                                                                                                      O

-------
                                                                  VIII-11
                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It Is re commended that:



     1.  Appropriate proceedings be initiated immediately against the



Olin Corporation to abate the present daily discharge to the Calcasieu



River, a. navigable stream, of 2,000 pounds of carbonaceous material;  7,500



pounds, nitrogenous materials; 12,300 pounds, suspended solids;  4 pounds,


                                             12
cadmium; 145 pounds of chromium; and 1.2 X 10   calories of heat.



     2.  The discharge permit to be issued by the Corps of Engineers  limit



discharges of BOD, COD, TOG, suspended solids, heavy metals, and heat, to



levels consistent with applicable vater quality standards and best available



treatment.

-------
            144
    LAKE CHARLES FACILITY
            OF
PPG INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED

-------
                                   145                          H-i




                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION




General




     In conjunction with other chemical plants and petroleum refineries



on the Lower Calcasieu River, PPG Industries, Incorporated contributes




significantly in supporting the economy of the area.   The PPG operation is




involved primarily in the production of heavy chemicals (both organic and



inorganic),




     PPG Industries, a subdivision of the parent corporation, PPG Industries,




Incorporated, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is located in the Lake Charles-



Weatlake-Sulphur area of Louisiana.




     The core area of the plant was built in 1942, with additions made in




1955.  A sulflde plant expansion was completed in 1970.  Various process




changes were made in the period 1960 to 1970,  This facility produces




chlorine, caustic soda, aliphatics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, silica pig-



ments, sodium chlorate, and hydrochloric acid.  The raw materials used in




the process are salt (sodium chloride) and ethylene.   In addition, signi-



ficant amounts of mercury are used in the production of chlorine by




nercury cell process.  The rated daily capacities of the chlorine and



caustic plants are 1,500 tons of chlorine and 1,650 tons of sodiuia hydroxide.




Approximately nine employees are involved, to a significant extent, in water



pollution control at this facility.





WaterSupply



     Water is obtained from the Lower Calcasieu River for non-contact cool-




ing  (290-300 mgd) and from 12 wells for process, sanitary service, and some




additional non-contact cooling water.  The wells have a rated capacity of



750  to 2,000 gpni (1.05 to 2.88 n&f.) .

-------
                            f      146                           ix-2







ExistingWagte Tre atment



     Five outfalls discharge liquid wastes from PPG operations  to an open




channel that is approximately 50 feet wide ar.d two and one-half miles long




[Figure 9-1],  Company officials refer to the channel as  the "oxidation




ditch".  The once-through cooling water from the electrical power generating




plant is discharged to a ditch along with wastes from the silica pigment




plant, the organics plant, the caustic plant, and a mercury reduction cell.




Total flow in the "ditch", according to Company officials, is about 290 mgd.




     Wastewater from the silica pigment plant flows through an open channel




to the "ditch".  The bottom of this channel consists of a chalkish white



eandy material.  Company officials maintain that this material is natural




sand, not sediment from discharge.



     A mercury reduction cell was recently constructed and placed in opera-




tion.  The effluent from the cell is discharged into the "ditch".



     The "oxidation ditch" flows through a tidal area to Bayou d'Inde and



was observed several times during the survey to be flooded until the "ditch"




was indistinguishable.  This tidal condition markedly reduces any effective-




ness, as a treatment facility, that the "ditch" might otherwise exert.




     Three additional waste streams from the anhydrous caustic operation,



the sodium chlorate plant, and the chlorate recovery system, discharge




directly to Bayou Verdine,  These discharges receive no treatment prior to




discharge.  Once-through cooling water from a second power plant is also



discharged to Bayou Verdine.





Chronology of Contacts



     On March 26, 1971, J. L. Hatheway and M. R, Helton of the Division of

-------
                                              147
                   US 9O
SPP - SILICAN PIGMENT PLANT




OP - ORGANIC PLANT



CCP  - CHLORINE & CAUSTIC PLANT
                                                                                           N
                                                                         Not To  Scale
            figure 9-1.  Effluent t Itceivini  Water Sampling  locations lor PPG  Industries Incorporated

-------
                                      148
                                                                 IX-3
Field Investigations-Denver Center, EPA,  met  with  tf. B,  Graybill, Plant



Manager, and Pete Burns, environmental control  specialist  for PPG Industries,




to initiate an Industrial waste inventory of  this  plant.   E. B, Anthony, Jr.,



enforcement programs specialist, EPA Region VI, had made arrangements  on



March 23 with Mr. Burns for the meeting.   He  and Mr. Graybill provided the




information requested and conducted a tour of the  plant  area.



     Throughout the interview, Mr. Burns  was  cooperative and provided  answers




to all questions posed by the investigating team.  However, the DFI-DC



investigators were not permitted to take  photographs within the plant  pro-




perty.



     On April 15, 1971, R. D. Harp and Mr. Hatheway met  with Mr. Burns to




discuss the EPA industrial wastewater sampling program in  the Lake  Charles



area, specifically the waste source evaluations and water  quality investi-




gations that were being conducted in the  Calcasieu River Basin.




     Mr. Burns consented to the sampling  of PPG Industries effluents.






                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND  RESULTS



     Wastewater samples were collected from all nine  discharges within the



PPG Industries complex.  Survival studies employing native, white shrimp



were conducted on Bayou d'Inde and Bayou  Verdine downstream of  the  effluents.




Sediment samples were also collected from Bayou Verdine  and Bayou d'Inde



downstream from the effluents as well as  from the  "oxidation ditch" upstream



from Bayou d'Inde,  [In Table 9-1 is a description of  the  stations  where




effluent and streams were sampled.]



     Aliquots (750 ml) from the "oxidation ditch"  were composited every




four hours for a 24-hour period, commencing at 6:20  a.m.,  April  26.  Com-




posites, consisting of 125 ml allquots, were taken from the ether effluents

-------
                                     149
                                       IX-4
                               TABLE 9-1

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Station
Number
Description and Remarks
PPG-1     Samples collected from the effluent canal at a bridge  on Mobil
          Road 92 just downstream of 1-210 Bridge (flow est.,  300  tngd) .

PPG-2     Samples collected of the effluent fron the pigment plant at  the
          point where the flow drains through a culvert under  Mobil Oil
          Conpany service road,

PPG-3     Samples collected from the effluent canal downstream from the
          point where the organics plant and caustic plant discharges  Join
          and upstream from the point where the cooling water  discharge
          enters.

PPG-3A    Samples collected of the effluent from the organics  plant at the
          culvert under the Mobil Oil Company service road,

PPG-4     Samples collected from a 72-inch sewer that discharges wastewater
          from the anhydrous caustic plant and cooling water from  the  chlo-
          rine and chlorate recovery systems into Bayou Verdine.

PPG-5     Samples collected from the north 54-inch sewer that  discharges
          wastewater from the sodium chlorate and caustic plants into  Bayou
          Verdine.

PPG-5A    Samples collected from the south 54-inch sewer that  discharges
          wastewater from the sodium chlorate and caustic plants into
          Bayou Verdine.

PPG-6     Samples collected of the cooling water effluent from power Plant A
          as it discharges into the Barge Slip at the tnouth of Bayou Verdiae.

PPG-7     Samples collected of the cooling water intake (power Plant A)  at
          a hose bib.  Source, Lower Calcasieu River.

PPG-8     Samples collected of the cooling water intake (power Plant B)  at
          a hose bib.  Source, Lower Calcasieu River.

CR-1      Lower Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (upstream from  the
          intracoastal waterway) near Channel H«»rksr 92 (Control station).

CR-6      Bayou d'Inde at a gas line crossing about 1,000 yards  southeast
          of PPG discharge canal.

-------
150
                                                                 IX~5
                         TABLE  9-1  (Continued)

     DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS

Station
Nignber	Description and Remarks	

CR-7      Bayou Verdine northwest of Coon Island.

CR-11,2   Calcasieu Elver, south shore, south of Clooney Island, just west
          of Lake Charles (Control  station).

-------
                                    151
                                                                 IX-6
during the same period.   One effluent grab  sample was  collected at Stations

PPG-4 and 7, at 5:30 a.m. and 8:50 a.m.,  respectively, on April 19 for oil

and grease analysis.  [Results of this sampling  are  shown in Table 9-2.]  An

additional grab sample was collected for  specific organics  analyses  from

Station PPG-3A at 6:50 a.m. April 26 [fable 9-3].

                              TABLE 9-3

                     RESULTS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS

                                       Concentration         Load
     Compounds Identified              	(mg/1)	        Ib/day

     1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane            2.2               95
     1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane                 5.4              ,240


     These two polychlorinated ethanes were the  major  extractable organics

present in the effluent  sample.  Other compounds were  present in lower

concentration, but were  not identified.  These compounds are fat soluble

and are likely to accumulate in the environment  much as other chlorinated

hydrocarbons, i.e., chlorinated pesticides, and  polychlorinated biphenyls do.

Because food chain magnification can increase the concentration of these

compounds to what may be toxic levels, their discharge must be considered

as hazardous to the receiving waters, i.e., an aquatic environment.

     Calculations based  upon analytical data for stations PPG-1, 4,  5, 5A,

and 6, minus stations PPG 7 and 8, indicate that this  industry discharged,

during the period of the study, net loads of at  least  0.50  Ibs of mercury;

600 ibs, IOC; 31,000 Ibs of suspended solids; and 9.2  X 1012 of heat [Table

9-3].

     Survival studies made with shrimp at stations  CR-6, CR-7, and at  the

Control Stations, followed methods outlined in Appendix C.  The first  shrimp

-------
                                                                TABLE 9-2

                                          SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND  FIELD MEASUREMENTS5'
Sta
prc-i
PPC-2
PFC-3
PPC-4
PPC-5
PPC-5A
prc-6
PFC-7
Pl'C-8
CK-6
CR-7
Flow pH
mad ranee
290^ 6.2-7.6
2.22
74.1 6.3-7.2
1.3 7.1-9.8
} 6.8-8.9
) ^
) 6.8-11.3
0.743 7.2-8.1
} 6.8-7.5
j
} 6.5-8.0
7.4-7.8
6.2-6.8
Conductivity
ti mhos/cm
ranRe
10,000-13.000
7,500-19,500
10.200-14.500
600->80,000
9,000-15,000
10.000-17,000
6,000- 9,000
5,600-14,500
10.000-14,000


comp
11,000
8,600
10,450
16,000
11,400
10.800
1,150
10.800
9,500
10,100
10.200
Temp
°C
rnnRe
30-32
39-42
32-34
26-30
31-34
35-40
28-30
24-26
24-26
24-26
35-36
TOC
niR/1
13
18
12
6.2
10
10
5.4
16
11
10. 9.9^
5.4. 7.6^

Ibn/day
31.500
330
7,430
70
}
}490
)
35
)
)32,600£/
)

.
Solids
total
mR/1 Iba/day
7,070 17.120.000
7,030 130.090
6,800 4,207,000
9.700 105,300
7,760 >
}364 000^
7,220 }
4,620 28.700
7,060 }
}6, 750.000
6.350 }
6,430
6,550

susp
rnj/l Iba/day
32 77,500
887 16,400
22 13,600
138 1,500
32 }
' } 4 00^
428 }
17 105
31
19
14
34
Oil & Grease
BR/1 Iba/day



1 11



1



a! Analytical procedures are outlined In Appendix F.
b/ Flow estimated by Company officials.
cj Sunmntlon of the two Indicated scatIons.
A! Booed on estimated flow of each discharge.
_>;/ Based on average concentration.
fj' Two composite Bnmplea taken (morning and afternoon).

-------
               TABLE 9-2 (Continued)




SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Sta
PPG-1
PPG-2
PPG-3
PPG-4
PFG-5

PPG-5A
PPG-6
PPG-7

PPG-8
CR-6
CR-7
Cadmium
tnE/1
<0.05
<0.05
•-0.05
<0.05
<0.05

<0.05
<0.05
<0.05

<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
mg/1 Ibs/day
<0.01
0.09 2
0.10 62
<0.02
<0.02

<0.02
<0.02
<0.02

<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
Mercury Copper
VR/1 Ibs/day mR/1 Ibs/day
0.4 0.9700 0.02 48
<0.1
1.0 0.6187
<0.1
0.1 }
} 0.0080s/
0.2 }
0.2
0.2 } <0.02
}0.4800
0.2 } <0.02
3.4 0.02
1.5 0.02
Lead Aluminum
mR/1 mg/1
<0.1







<0.1


-------
                           *'.  154
                                                                  IX-9
mortalities occurred within 20 minutes; a 100 percent mortality occurred




within six hours [Appendix D].  Floating sludge,  gas  bubbles,  and  an odor




similar to hydrogen sulfide characterized Bayou d'Inde during  the  biological




survey.  These conditions deteriorated as barge traffic stirred decomposing




sludge from the Bayou bottom.  Shrimp placed in the Bayou water were immedi-



ately in distress.  Mortalities were probably caused  by sulfide toxielty,




but other toxic substances discharged from other  industrial sources  and/or



PPG Industries or low dissolved oxygen levels may have caused  the  shritnp




kill.  Total mortality during the 6-hour test precluded taste  and  odor or



extended survival studies.  No shrimp mortalities occurred at  Control




Stations CR-1 and CR-11.2 during this 6-hour study.




     These stations [Table 9-1] are located in the Lower Calcasieu River




so as to have the least possible contamination from industrial wastes.



Station CR-1 is located downstream from industrial discharges  and  closer




to the Gulf of Mexico than are all the other stations.  Station CR-11.2 is



located upstream of most industrial discharges and has water with  lower



salinity levels than has Station 1.



     Shrimp displayed shock as they were placed into  submerged baskets in




the 35.5*C River water near the industrial discharge  from PPG  Industries.



After a 30-minute exposure, a 40 percent shrimp mortality was  recorded as



the stream temperature rose to 38°C [Appendix D].  Within 6 hours  a  100




percent mortality occurred.  The dead shrimp had  a pinkish discoloration.




The heated industrial discharges appeared to cause the distress and  sub-



sequent mortality to shrimp at this River location.



     Bottom sediment samples were collected in the PPG wastewater  canal and

-------
                  v                                              IX-10
                            t    155
in Bayou d'Inde at a point about 1,000 yards downstream from the mouth  of

the canal.  The sediment in the canal was found to be composed  primarily

of sand, clay, and perhaps stable sludge with an OSI value  of only  0.2.

However, in Bayou d'Inde downstream from the canal, the bottom  sediments

vere composed of soft black mud with a chemical odor.  The  OSI  value was

found to be 6.6, indicative of an actively decomposing sludge [Table £-1,

Appendix E].

     A bottom sediment sample, collected near the mouth of  Bayou Verdine,

was composed of soft brown mud having a  chemical odor.  Although 13 percent

of the sample was volatile at 600"C> the OSI value was relatively  low,  0.3.

     Sediment samples were analyzed for  mercury content. In the PPG

Industries canal, sediments contained 0.3 pg/g mercury.  However,  sediments

in Bayou d'Inde contained high levels of mercury.  Downstream from the  canal,

the concentration was 6.0 ug/g mercury;  upstream, the level was 2.0 yg/g;

and farther upstream, above all major industrial discharges, the concentra-

tion was 1,7 Vg/g mercury.  At the mouth of Bayou Verdine,  the  mercury

concentration was 1.7 iig/g in the bottom sediment.

        DATA REPORTED TO LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION

     The Louisiana Stream Control Commission approved (October  29,  1969

and August 13, 1970) discharge levels of certain materials  based on data

submitted by PPG Industries, Incorporated.  [A summary of the informa-

tion from the Commission files is tabulated in Table 9-4.]   The total dis-

charge  for these three sewers is 297.027 mgd, which is equivalent  to 460  cfs.

     Further, PPG Industries has filed a permit application with the Corps

of Engineers requesting permission to discharge mercury to  a navigable  water,

-------
                                        156
                                        tABLE 9-4
                        PPG INDUSTRIES DISCHARGE LEVELS APPROVED
                         m LOUISIANA STREAM CONTROL COMMISSION
                                                     IX-11

Parameter
Flow discharged, Bgd
Water bod; receiving

tl (PPG-1)
zes.sss.
Bayou d'lnde
Sever
f2 (PPC-6)
0.926
Bayou Verdine

S3 (PPC-4. 5. SAL
7.116
Bayou Verdine
 discharge

Organic material,
 Iks/day

Inorganic materials,
 Ibs/dsy

   CaCl.
   CACO,
   Cr,
   KaCl
   NaCO-
   SIO,
   OrganlC3
   Carbon
   Asbestos
 2,411,582
 68,826 Its/day
 equivalent Co
 28. 5 ppm.

 17,302 Iba/day
 equivalent to
 7.2  ppo.
 73
 equivalent  to
 0.03 ppm.

 34 Ibs/day
 equivalent  Co
 0.014 ppo.

 1,380,417 Ibs/day
 equivalent  to
 572.3 ppm.

 16,518 Its/day
 equivalent  to
 6.$ ppo.

 91,416 Ibs/day
"equivalent  to
 37,9 ppn.

 113 Ibs/day
 equivalent  to
 0.05 ppm.

 19,328 Its/day
 equivalent  to
 8.0 ppm,

 10,146 Ibs/day
 equivalent  to
 4.2 ppm.

 2,160 Ibs/day
 equivalent  to
 0.90 ppa.

 1,080 Ibs/day
 equivalent  to
 0.45 ppa.
7,725,000
279 Ibs/day
equivalent CO
36.1 ppm.
                                               27 Ibs/day
                                               equivalent to
                                               3.5 ppa.
59,379,000
59,613 Ibs/day
equivalent to
1003.9 ppm.
                    288 Ibs/day
                    equivalent  to
                    3.8 ppo.

-------
                            i     157





                      PROPOSED WASTE TREATMENT




     Company officials indicated that no additional  treatment  facilities



are proposed for the next five years.






                            CONCLUSIONS



     It is concluded that:




     1.  Present practices permit the discharge  of mercury, carbonaceous



materials, suspended solids, aromatic hydrocarbons,  and heat,  constituting




violations of Section 407, Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899  (33  USC; 401-413),




     2.  No additional treatment facilities  to correct present conditions



are planned by the Company.






                           RECOMMENDATIONS



     It is reconmended that;




     1,  Consideration be given to initiating appropriate  abatement pro-



ceedings against the Lake Charles facility of PPG Industries for  discharging



inadequately treated industrial wastes containing net daily loads of 0.50



pounds of mercury; 600 pounds of carbonaceous materials; 3,100 pounds of




suspended solids; 9.2 X 10   calories of heat; 95 pounds of tetrachloroethene;



and 240 pounds of trichloroethane, to the Calcasieu  River, a navigable stream.




     2.  The discharge permit, to be issued  by the Corps of Engineers,



limit discharges of heavy metals, BOD, COD,  TOC, complex organics, suspended




solids, and heat, to levels consistent with  best available treatment and the



water quality standards for the Lower Calcasieu  River.

-------
              158
   MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES
IN THE CALCASIEU RIVER DEAIMAGE

-------
                           *     159




                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION
General
     During the period March 22 through April 13,  1971,  investigators  from




DFI-DC, EPA, evaluated wastewater treatment and  disposal practices  of  in-




dustries in the Lake Charles, Louisiana area. Findings  and  recommendations




pertaining to the industries that were discharging significant  amounts of




liquid wastes have been presented in individual  sections of  this  report.




The discussion in this section covers industries that were either not  oper-




ating or were discharging negligible amounts of  waste at the tine of  the




investigations tTable 10-1]«




     These firms are!




     1)  Gulf Coast Aluminum Corporation;




     2)  Gulf Menhaden Company;




     3)  Gulf States Utilities - Roy S. Nelson Power Station;




     4)  HDE, Incorporated;




     5)  International Paper Wood Preserving Division -  De Udder Plant;




     6)  Louisiana Menhaden Company;




     7)  Ocean Protein, Incorporated;




     8)  Tenneco Chemicals, Incorporated - Newport Divlsiion;




     9)  Vancouver Plywood Company, Incorporated - Oakdale Plywood  Plant,




     Officials of Gulf States Utilities; HDE; International  Paper;  Tenneco




Chemicals, Incorporated; and Vancouver Plywood Company were  contacted in




order  to discuss the Industrial wastewater sampling program  that  DFI-DC




was carrying out in the Calcasieu River Basin,  Officials of these  companies




were interviewed in a manner similar to that with officials  of  the  larger

-------
                                                               TABLE 10-1

                                 INVENTORY OP MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES IN THE CALCASIEU RIVER DRAINAGE
N.ime, Address and
Contact of Industry
Rau Materials
                      Products
                                           Present Treatment
                                                                        Remarks
Gulf Coast Aluminum
Corporation
Like Charles, Loululana
C. L. Keigley
green petroleum
 coke

A12°3
carbon electrodes    coagulation - sedimenta-
aluminum             tlon
                                                                                                     This Industry Is currently under
                                                                                                     construction.  Little wastewater
                                                                                                     discharge at time of survey.  No
                                                                                                     samples taken.
Gulf Menhaden Co.
Cameron, Louisiana
W. Saltzman, Plant Manager
                             Menhaden fish
                      oil
                      feed
                      fertilizer
                     none
                                                                                                     Not In operation during the time
                                                                                                     of the survey.
Gulf States Utilities        natural gas
Roy S. Nelson Power Station  oil standby
Luke Charles, Loulnlana
Fat Brady and Cliff Chambers
                      electricity
                     holding pond
HDE, Incorporated
Oakdale, Louisiana
Bill Corbln
                             logs
                      hardwood lumber
                      furniture
                                                  No vasteuater treatment required
                                                  on this discharge.
InCernnclon.il Paper
Wood Preserving Division
De Rldder Plant
tc Rldder, Louisiana
Mr. Burchflcld, Plant Manager
wood
creosote
pentachlorophenol
vood preservation    oxidation ponds to hold-
                     Ing ponds
                                                                                                     Company is considering construction
                                                                                                     of additional treatment facilities.
                                                                                                     No discharge during the time of the
                                                                                                     survey.  Discharge is during periods
                                                                                                     of high flow in the receiving stream.
                                                                                                                                          X

-------
                                                         TABLE 10-1 (Continued)

                                 INVENTORY OF MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES  IN  THE CALCASIEU  RIVER DRAINAGE
Nare, Address, and
Co:-.tact of Industry
                             Raw Materials
                                                   Products
                                                                       Present Treatment
                                                                                                    Remarks
Louisiana Menhaden
Co"p any
Lake Charles, Louisiana
H. C. Dickens, Plant Manager
                             Menhaden flah
                                                   oil
                                                   meal
                                                   scrap
                                                   solubles
                     complete retention
                             Not In operation during the time
                             of the survey.
Oc-an Protein, Incorporated  Menhaden fish         feed
Cameron, Louisiana                                 meal
Mr. Dasslnger, Plant Manager
                                                                        none
                                                                                                    Not  In operation during the time
                                                                                                    of the survey.
Teriieco Chemicals,
Incorporated
Newport Division
Oakdale, Louisiana
E. C. Fleming, Plane Manager
                             crude tall oil
                             crude sulfate -
                             turpentine
rosin
vegetable fats
turplnes
oxidation pond
The oxidation pond Is large enough
to store uastewater for one year.
There was no discharge at the time
of the survey.  Company discharges
wnsteuater from oxidation pond during
periods of high flov In the receiving
stream.  Company Is planning con-
struction of a new wastewatcr treat-
ment facility In the near future.
Vancouver Plywood Company,   logs
Incorporated                 glue
Oakdnle Plywood Plar.t        resin
Oal.dalc, Louisiana
Bill Corbln
                                                   soft plywood
                     Complete retention of
                     all wastcwaters. except
                     a small amount of non-
                     contact cooling water.
                                                            16

-------
                              162                               x-4


industries whose discharges have been described  in previous  sections.

     The three Menhaden plants (Gulf Menhaden Company,  Louisiana Menhaden,

and Ocean Protein, Incorporated) and Gulf  Coast  Aluminum vere not  in oper-

ation during this survey.  (It would be appropriate to  conduct  a sampling

program at these plants when they are in operation.   The normal operating

period is from May through October;  however,  it  varies  from  year to year.)

Louisiana Menhaden and Ocean Protein, Incorporated,  have no  domestic or

industrial wastewater treatment facilities at present.

     Gulf Coast Aluminum is a new industry and had,  at  the time of the EPA

Investigation, been in operation for only  two months.  Owing to operational

difficulties the plant had not been able to maintain production.   The  major

portion of the plant's industrial wastewater  is  expected  to  originate  in

the process air scrubbing in the aluminum  reduction operation.  This waste-

water, containing calcium fluoride and aluminum  particles, will pass through

settling ponds prior to discharge to the Lower Calcasieu River.


Discussion

     Sampling of effluents included single grab  samples and  24-hour com-

posites.  [These sample results are summarized in Table 10-2.]

     Survival studies were conducted on the Lower Calcasieu  River  near the

discharge from Gulf Coast Aluminum Corporation.   Sediment  samples  from the

Lower River, downstream from the Gulf Coast Aluminum discharge, were also

collected.  {In Table 10-3 is a. description of the effluent  and sampling
                                              ./
stations.]

     During the time of the survey, International Paper's  Wood  Preserving

Division and Tenneco Chemicals, Incorporated, were not  discharging waste-

water.  These two industries store water in holdlne pon<1<5  during  IT-T stream

-------
                   TABLE 10-2
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS-'
                                              a/
Stn Date
CR-1 4/25
TEN-1 4/15
IPC-1 4/19
UDE-1 4/19-4/20
VAN-1 4/19-4/20
GSU-1 4/22-4/23
CSU-2 4/22-4/23
Conductivity Temp . Solids Oil &
Flow jH jimhoE^cm *C TOC COD— mR/1 Grease
Tvpe cud range ranRe comp rnnRe mfi/1 mt>/l total 8U3P mR/1
Crab 8.8, 11s/ 11,200 17
Crab 7.4 2.000 18.5 430 1,300 1,720 132 177
Grab 7.0-7.4 90-165 230 20-27 130 460 599 188 26
-1 136 31 100 212 78
Composlte-
2 hr. Interval
Composite- 7.0-8.2 180-280 250 20-24 j 13 252 54
2 hr. Interval !
Composite- 7.1-7.3 580-850 450 22-24 320 24
6 hr. Interval
Composite- 4.31 7.1-7.2 1,200-1.700 1,480 28-32 914 24
6 hr. Interval
al Analytical proceduren are outlined in Appendix F.
b/ COD analyses were maile when TOC values exceeded 20 mg/1.
c/ Two composite sampleii taken (morning and afternoon).
Al All composites are 24 hours.
*
X
Ln
                     163

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              TABLE 10-2 (Continued)




SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Sta
CK-1
TEN-1
IFC-1
HDE-1
VAN-1
GSU-1
GSU-2
Cadmium
mR/1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Chromium
iriR/1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Mercury Copper
PK/1 niR/1
3.9
0.1 0.04
<0.1
<0.1
0.4 0.07
0.6 0.21
Lead
mR/1
0.1
<0. 1
<0.1

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                                  165                            x"7
                             TABLE 10-3

       DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT AND RECEIVING WATER SAMPLING POINTS

Station
Number.	r	Description and  Remarks	

CR-1      Calcasieu River near Calcasieu Landing (above  intracoastal water-
          way) near Channel Marker 92.

CR-1.1    Devil's Elbow Coral (Gulf Aluminum Channel), at Channel Marker 4.

CR-1.2    Devil's Elbow Canal at the industrial  discharge canal of Gulf
          Coast Aluminum,

TEN-1     Sample collected at the treatment pond effluent weir bos of Tenneco
          Chemicals, Incorporated at Oakland,  Louisiana.  Wastewater is dis-
          charged only during periods of high  water  flow in the Calcasieu
          River.  There was no discharge during  the  survey.

IPC-1     Samples collected from a point near  the outfall of  the last treat-
          ment pond of Internation Paper Company, De Ridder,  Louisiana,
          These ponds discharge only during periods  of high water flow with-
          in Palmetto Creek (a tributary to Bundick  Creek).   There was no
          discharge from these ponds during the  survey.

HDE-1     Samples from HDE, Incorporated, Oakdale, Louisiana, Collected
          near a puap house adjacent to their  old wood burning yard, prior
          to entering the Calcasieu River.  Unable to measure flow due to
          insufficient quantity of wastewater.

VAN-1     Samples collected of cooling water effluent at a bridge approxi-
          mately one-half mile south of the Oakdale  Plywood plant of Vancouver
          Plywood Company.  Unable to measure  flow due to insufficient
          quantity of water.

GSU-1     Cooling water supply from the Houston  River of Gulf States Utilities.
          Samples collected at the intake pump.

GSU-2     Cooling water effluent to the Houston  River of Gulf States Utilities,

-------
                                166
                                                                  X-8
flow periods and make discharges at a given rate during high  flow  periods.




Grab samples were collected from the holding ponds  for  the purpose of




obtaining estimates of the quality of the effluent  that is released during




high flow into the receiving waters (Palmetto Creek and Upper Calcasieu




River, respectively).  The analytical results indicate  that the effluents




stored in the holding ponds contain large quantities of oil and grease,




solids, and COD.




     Wastewater discharges from HDE and the Vancouver Plywood Company were




negligible, containing only small amounts of pollutant  materials.




     Gulf States Utilities uses water from the Houston  River  for once-




through cooling.  The plant returns this water to the River through a




large settling pond.




     Shrimp placed in the canal adjacent to Gulf Coast  Aluminum (Station




CR-1.2), after six hours had acquired no significant off-odor or off-




flavor [Appendix D],




     Survival bioassays, also conducted in the canal (Stations CR-1.2 and




CR-1.1) adjacent to the aluminum company, showed no significant mortality




after 24 hours when compared to shrimp located at the Control Stations




(CR-11,2 and CR-1).  Longer term bioassay results were  not obtained




because baskets of shrimp at these two canal stations (CR-1.2 and  CR-1.1)




were damaged or lost between the 24- and 48-hour examinations.






                           RECOMMENDATIONS




     It is recommended that:  Officals of the Louisiana Wildlife and




Fisheries Commission be requested to notify the Office  of Enforcement,




EPA, when the Calcasieu River Basin area facilities of  International Paper

-------
                               167
X-9
Company, Tenneco Chemicals,  Incorporated, and Gulf Coast Aluminum Corpor-




ation resume operation and/or begin discharging Industrial effluents so




that waste treatment and  disposal practices by these industries nay be




evaluated by the Division of Field Investigations-Denver Center.

-------
         168
ANCILLARY SAMPLING
       FOR
     MERCURY

-------
                                    169                         xi-i





                         GENERAL INFORMATION




     Earlier investigations in the Lake Charles  area,  by  various  State  and



Federal agencies, have shown that fish and  other aquatic  life  contain high



concentrations of mercury.  As a result of  these earlier  investigations,




pressure was brought to bear upon local industries to  eliminate discharges




of mercury.  PPG Industries recently installed a mercury  treatment cell




that reduces daily discharge loads of mercury from 14,4 to  0.50 Ibs.



     More recent studies indicate that aquatic life in both the Upper and



Lower Calcasleu River continues to contain  significant concentrations of




mercury in flesh and viscera.



     Because of this fact, ancillary sampling of streams, bottom  deposits,



and sewage treatment plant effluents, was carried out  at  the time of  the




industrial waste treatment evaluations in order  to identify sources of  the



mercury.



     Seven municipal wastewater treatment facilities were Investigated.




Contacts with a superintendent or chief operator were  made  at  each plant.



These officials were advised that the information was  being gathered  in




conjunction with a water quality survey of  the Calcasieu River Basin.



     Four of the plants (Lake Charles A, Lake Charles  B and C, Westlake,




and Sulphur Southside) were sampled over a  24-hour period,  commencing on




April 27, primarily to determine the existence of any  mercury  discharges.



Aliquots based upon flow were composited at 6-hour intervals.   These  four



plants represent about 95 percent ol the sewage  flow in the Lake  Charles




area.  [The information collected at each plant  is recorded in fable  11-1.]



     Both water and sediment were collected in the receiving waters below



the Lake Charles and Westlake wastewater treatment plants.

-------
                                                                       TABLE 11-1

                                               MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCES IN THE LAKE CHARLES, LOUISIANA AREA
Treatment Facility
Lake Charles
Plant A
I.CWTF-A
Lake Charles
Plants B and C
LCWTF-B&C



Sulphur
South Side Plant
SSHFF
West lake
WWTF

Greenwich Terrace
Lake Charles
Kapleuood
Sampling. Location
At ?arshall flume
just after final
clarlfiers
Juat after chlo-
rine contact cham-
ber at weir



At end of 24"
outfall line

Effluent from
chlorine contact
chrnber
None

Nonit
Receiving Water
Calcasleu River


Contraband Bayou





Drainage to
Bayou d'Inde

Bagdad Bayou


Kayauchbee Creek
to English Bnyou
Maple Fork to
Type of
Treatment
Conventional
Activated

Conventional
Activated
Sludge (Plant
High Rate
Activated
Sludge (Plant
Trickling
Filter

Trickling
Filter

Trickling
Filter
Conventional
Pop.
Served
55,000


25.000

B)


C)
10.000


4.000


2.000

500
Design
Flow
MOD
6.0


6.2





(est.)
1.0

(eat.)
0.7

(est.)
0.200
Unknown
Flow
MGD
4.5


3.0





(est.)
1.0

(est.)
0.8



Unknown
Cond
Range
ymhos/cra
1,000-
1.250

840-
1.700




600-
1,200

650-
1.800




Temp Total Susp Mer-
*C Solids Solids cury
ranee Ibs/dav Ibs/dav Iba/day
24-25 31.800 340 0.026


24-25 28.500 1.400 0.010





23-24. 5 3.700 280 0.008


22-24.5 3.700 300 0.003





Sulphur
Roeepark Subdivision
Hon.:
Bayou d'Inde      Activated
                  Sludge

Bayou d'Inde      Trickling
                  Filter
5,000   Unknown  Unknown
                                                                                                                                                   X
                                                                                                                                                   I—I
                                                                                                                                                    I

-------
                                  17
                                                                  XI-3
                    SAMPLING PROGRAM AND RESULTS


     The total mercury discharged by the four plants was  approximately  0.05


Ibs per day, with 50 percent of this amount being discharged by Lake


Charles Plant A.  [Results of the effluent sampling at the four plants  are


contained in Table 11-1.  Mercury concentrations  in the water and sediment


samples taken from the receiving waters, along with other constituents, are


recorded in Table 11-2.]


     Sediment samples from Contraband Bayou, downstream from Lake Charles


Plants B and C, gave evidence of gross degradation.  The  black, soft  mud,


containing 31 percent volatile material, produced the highest OSI value (13)


recorded in the Lake Charles area and can be characterized only as a  very


actively decomposing sludge.  The mercury concentration in this sludge  was


2.6 yg/g (dry weight basis).


     Bottom mud from the Calcasieu River, downstream from the discharge


from Plant A (Station CR-15), contained much less volatile material (17


percent) than in Contraband Bayou.  Since the River is a  much larger  body


of water than is the Bayou, sludge discharged by  Plant A  would naturally
                                                                    \

be dispersed over a larger area.  The OSI value of 1.9 was considerably


lower than the OSI value from the mud in Contraband Bayou and represents


Kore moderate quantities of decaying sludge.  The mercury content of  this


sludge was 1.7 pg/g.


     About one mile upstream, the Westlake treatment plant discharges to


Bagdad Bayou.  The sludge at the mouth of this bayou had  an OSI value of


0.56, with an organic carbon snd organic nitrogen content of 3.55 percent


and 0.16 percent, respectively.  These numbers are indicative of a sludge

-------
                                                                   TABLE 11-2

                                            SUMMARY OF THE ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS
                                           AT SELECTED STATIONS BELOW MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
                                              .       Condi'       Temp5/        .
Sta                             Type      _J>H       uir.hos/cm      *C      TOC^    Org C  OTR N   OS I    Volatile    Solids mg/l    Metals
No	Description            Sample     range	range	range     mg/1	X	Z	Z       Total    Su3p   Mercury

CR-10   Contraband Bayou.      water      6.9-7.5' 7,500-7,600   24-25     12.5                                   A.700      18
        Just downstream from   (4/25/71)
        Lake diaries waste-
        water treatment        sediment                                            7.46   1.79    13       34                       2.6 ug/g
        plant (B & C) discharge

CR-14   Bagdad Bnyou, near     water.      7.1-8.8  3,500-4,200   22-23.5   8.5-11                                2,010      20
        mouth downstream from
        the WcBtlake waace-    sediment                                            3.55   0.16    0.56    10                       14, ug/g
        water treatment
        plant

CR-15   Lower Calcasleu River  water      7.4-7.9  6,300-8.700   21-23     11                                      •   58.70   13   3.7 ug/g
        downstream from the
        discharge from Lake    sediment                                            4.45   0.42    1.9     17                      1.7 ug/g
        Charles waatewater
        treatment Plant A
a/ Two samples collected on April 25, 1971.
                                                                                                                                              X
                                                                                                                                              i—i
                                                                                                                                               I
                                                                                                                                              .e-

-------
                                  173
                                                                  XI-5
that is mostly stabilized or is exerting  a slow  oxygen demand.  The mercury



content of the sludge was 1.4 yg/g.



     Mercury concentrations in the sludge deposits downstream from the



treatment plants were significantly  higher than  those In sludge from most


other areas of the Calcasieu liver Basin,  It  is hypothesized that, since



most elemental mercury entering a sewage  treatment plant is settled in the



clarifiers, the mercury concentrations  observed  in bottom sediments near


plant outfalls may be indicative of  intermittent discharges of sludge.  The


findings of only minor amounts of mercury in municipal plant effluents are


consistent with this hypothesis.




                             CONCLUSIONS



     It is concluded that;


     It is not possible, based upon  the findings of  these investigations,



to draw positive conclusions regarding  mercury sources in the Calcasieu



River Basin.  Facts that bear upon this matter include:



     a)  The dispersion of industrial waste discharges, throughout


the Lower Calcasieu River, by tides;



     b)  The seasonal migration of fish past the saltwater barrier;



     c)  The inconclusive results of mercury sampling in sewage treat-


ment plant effluents; and



     d)  The lack of conclusive information regarding mercury sources


In the Calcasieu River and tributaries.

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                                  174
                                                                  XI-6
                           RECOMMENDATIONS




     It is recommended that:




     1}  Arrangements be concluded between  the Enforcement  Officer,




Region VI, EPA, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and  Wildlife,  the Food  and




Drug Administration, and the Louisiana Wildlife and  Fisheries  Commission,




to monitor mercury concentations in fish samples from the Calcasieu River




Basin.




     2)  If, after sufficient time has passed, i.e., to ameliorate the




effects of earlier mercury discharges, presently observed symptoms of




mercury pollution persist, a comprehensive  survey  of the Calcasieu




River drainage area be conducted to identify the source(s)  of  mercury,




     3)  EPA Air Quality personnel examine  industrial stack gases in  the




Lake Charles area to evaluate the possibility of the fallout of rscrcury




upon the Calcasieu watershed being a significant taercury contributor  to




the waters of the Calcasieu River.

-------
                                   175
                             REFERENCES
I/  Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 33 U.S.C.  401-413,  Section 407
    referred to as Refuse Act of 1899.

2/  Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C.  466  et  seq, as
    amended by the Federal Water Pollution Control  Act  Amendments of
    1961-(PL 87-88), the Water Quality Act of  1965-(PL  89-234) , the
    Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966-(PL 89-753),  and  the  Water
    Quality Improvement Act of 1970-(PL 91-224),

_3/  U. S. Department of Commerce, Environmental  Science Service
    Administration Coast and Geodectic Survey, Atlantic Coast Sixth
    (1967) Edition 163-165.

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                              176
                       APPENDICES
APPENDIX A — APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS


APPENDIX B — CUSTODY OF SAMPLES
APPENDIX C — BIOLOGICAL STUDY METHODS FOR PALATABILITY  AND
                   SURVIVAL STUDIES
                   Lover Caleasieu River,  Louisiana
                   (April 20-24, 1971)
APPENDIX D — RESULTS OF PALATABILITY AND SURVIVAL STUDIES
                   Lower Calcasieu liver, Louisiana
                   (April 20-24, 1971)
APPENDIX E — ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLES
                   Calcasieu River, Louisiana
                   (April 1971)
APPENDIX F — ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
APPENDIX G — SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS

-------
                                     177                          A_t







                             APPENDIX A



                APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS



General




     The Calcasleu River is a navigable waterway In law and in fact.—




Large ocean-going vessels travel up the Calcasleu River to Westlake,



Louisiana.  The remainder of the Calcasieu River upstream of Westlake Is



also used for navigation.  Similarly, the lower portion of the Calcasleu



River complex can be classified as a coastal water in that tidal influ-




ences are felt for significant distances upstream of the point where  the



Calcasieu Joins the Gulf of Mexico.  In compliance with the Federal Water



Pollution Control Act, as amended, the State of Louisiana established water




quality standards for interstate streams, coastal waters, and streams dis-




charging Into coastal waters.  These standards were approved by the



Secretary of the Interior.  The Calcasieu River is also subject to the pro-



visions of Section 407 of the 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act (the Refuse Act),




and the oil discharge regulations established pursuant to the Water Quality



Improvement Act of 1970,





WaterQuality Standards



     The State of Louisiana divided the Calcasieu River from the Gulf of




Mexico to its origin Into three distinct zones for the purpose of establish-



ing water quality standards:  (1) Zone 1, the Calcasleu River from its



origin to the Salt Water Barrier; (2) Zone 2, the Calcasieu River from the



Salt Water Barrier to the upper end of Moss Lake; and (3) Zone 3, that



portion of the Calcasleu River from the upper end of Moss Lake to the Gulf



of Mexico.  Louisiana State Water Quality Standards for the Calcasleu River

-------
                                t     178                         A-2


describe a series of present uses of that river.   They are industrial

supply, primarily cooling water in the Lake Charles area;  propagation of

aquatic life for commercial fishing. Including shellfish;  irrigation water

for considerable acreage of river; recreational use, including water contact

sports; navigational use from the Lake Charles area to the Gulf of  Mexico;

and finally, carriage of municipal and industrial wastes.

     Conditionally, the State Indicated that they expected changes  in the

usage of this water with the progression of time.  Primarily,  these changes

will take the form of municipal water supply in the upper  reaches,  carriage

of treated municipal and Industrial wastes in the lower area,  and increased

use for industrial supply.

     No water quality standards have been established for  the  following

tributaries: Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine, Contraband Bayou, English Bayou,

Houston River, Mill Creek and Palmetto Creek, all intrastate waters.  The

Standards established for the Calcasleu River follow.

Zone 1 .-...JTheRiver from Its Origin to the Salt Water Barrier

     General criteria were established in Zone 1 by the Louisiana State

Stream Control.Comaission in 1963.  These criteria state that  no discharge

to Zone 1 shall result In conditions in the stream that will adversely

affect the public health or use of the water (i.e. municipal and industrial

supplies, recreation, propagation of aquatic life, etc.).

     Specific criteria are as follows:

     pH                           From 6.0 to 8.5

     Dissolved Oxygen             Not less than 50 percent saturation at
                                  existing water temperature.

-------
                                  179
                                                                   A-3
     Temperature
     Oil and Grease
     Toxic Materials
Not to be raised more than 3°C above
normal ambient water temperature nor
to exceed an absolute maximum of 36°C.

No oil slicks of free or floating oil
are present in sufficient quantities
to interfere with the designated uses
nor shall emulsified oils be present
in the same quantity.

None present in quantities that alone
or in combination will be toxic to
animals or plant life, but In all
cases the level shall not exceed a
TLM,
     No foaming or frothing
      materials

     Collform Density             1600/100 ml,  calculated  as  the  most
                                  probable number,  as  a monthly mean.
                                  However, 10 percent  of the  samples may
                                  exceed the previous  number  up to
                                  5420/100 ml in any one month.

     Other Materials              Limits on other substances  not  hereto-
                                  fore specified shall be in  accordance
                                  with recommendations set by the
                                  Louisiana Stream Control Commission
                                  and/or by the Louisiana State Board  of
                                  Health for municipal raw water  sources.

Zone 2-The Calcasieu River from the Salt Water Barrier
         totheUpperEnd of Hoss Lake

     General criteria for this zone indicate that,  at  present,  the  water  is

suitable for propagation of aquatic life, recreation,  navigation, and  low

grade industrial supply when necessary adaptations are made by  Industry.

No discharge is to be permitted that will result in stream conditions  that

will adversely affect public health, propagation and harvesting of  aquatic

life, recreation and navigation, or impose additional  burdens of  adaptation

on industrial use.

-------
                                                                   A-4
     Specific criteria for Zone 2 are shown in the following table:
     pH

     Dissolved Oxygen


     Temperature



     Oil and Grease
     Toxic Materials
6.0 to 8.5

Hot less than 50 percent saturation at
the existing temperature.

Hot to be raised more than 3*C above
normal ambient water temperature nor
to exceed an absolute maximum of 36*C,

There shall be no slicks of free or
floating oil present in sufficient
quantities to interfere with the
designated uses nor shall emulsified
oils be present in the same quantity.

None present in quantities that alone
or in combination will be toxic to
animals or plant life, but in all cases
                                  the level shall not exceed a TLM
                                                                  '48/10*

     No foaming or frothing
      materials

     Colifortns                    The monthly median for colifomt density
                                  shall not exceed 542/100 ml (MPN)  nor
                                  shall this count exceed 1750/100 ml in
                                  more than 10 percent of the samples in
                                  any one month.

Zone 3 - The Calcasieu^JRiver from, the. .Upper End of Moss^ Lake
         lo the Gulf of Mexico

     The general criteria for this zone indicate that during periods of

low flow the high mineral content of the water approaches that of the

marine water itself.  This mineral content is caused by tidal intrusion.

Therefore, no discharge shall produce conditions in the stream adversely

affecting public health or the use of waters for propagation and harvesting

of aquatic life, recreation, or navigation.

-------
                                       18.
                                                                    A-5
     Specific criteria for this zone are as  follows;

     pH                           From 6.0 to 8.5
     Dissolved Oxygen


     Temperature



     Oil and Grease
     Toxic Materials
Hot less than 60 percent saturation at
existing vater temperature.

Not to be raised more than 3"C above
normal ambient water temperature nor
to exceed an absolute maximum of 36"C.

No oil slicks of free or floating oil
are present in sufficient quantities
to interfere with the designated uses
nor shall emulsified oils be present
In the same quantity.

None present in quantities that alone
or in combination will be toxic to
animals or plant life, but in all cases
                                  a level shall not exceed a TLM
     No foaming or frothing
      materials

     Coliforms
                                                                "48/10"
The monthly ntedian shall not exceed
70/100 ml nor shall this count exceed
230/100 ml in more than 10 percent of
the samples in any one month.
The Rivers and Harbors. Act of 1899 	(Refuse Act)

     The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 prohibits the discharge of Indus-

trial wastes to navigable waters without a permit from the U.  S. Army

Corps of Engineers.  Section 407 of the Act (referred to as the Refuse Act)

makes it unlawful to discharge from any "...  manufacturing establishment,

or mill or any kind, any refuse matter of any kind or description whatever,

other than that flowing from streets and sewers  and passing therefrom in a

liquid state, into any navigable water of the United States, or into any

tributary of any navigable water from which the  same shall float or be

-------
washed into such navigable water ..." provided that a discharge may  be




permitted under certain conditions specified by the Corps of  Engineers.




     Executive Order No. 11574, Administration of the Refuse  Act Permit




Program, signed by President Nixon on December 23,  1970,  tightens enforce-




ment of the Refuse Act of 1899 by requiring that all sources  of industrial




vastes discharging to navigable waters or their tributaries must apply to




the Corps of Engineers for permits to continue such discharges.  All




sources of industrial wastes investigated during this study will thus  need




to apply for such permits.





WaterQuality ImprovementAct of1970




     On September 11, 1970, Federal regulations regarding the discharge  of




oil to navigable waters were established pursuant to the  provisions  of




Section ll(b)(3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,  as amended  by




the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970.  This legislation  required  the




President to publish, in the Federal Register, rules regarding the allow-




able discharge of oil to navigable water from any source.  Subsequently,




the President published rules which specifically stated:




     (1)  That discharges of oil shall not occur in amounts which violate




          applicable water quality standards, or;




     (2)  That discharges of oil shall not occur in amounts  to cause a




          film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface  of the water




          or adjoining shorelines or cause a sludge or emulsion to be




          deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon  adjoining




          shorelines.

-------
                              r   183




                             APPENDIX B



                         CUSTODY OF SAMPLES





     Special procedures were employed during the field investigations  of



waste sources in the Calcasieu River Basin to insure that a chain of




custody was documented for water quality samples potentially useful  as




evidence for enforcement actions.  This documentation was designed to



maintain a record of the collection and source of each sample,  as well as




of the personnel Involved in the handling, preparation, and disposition of



each.




     A unique "custody" number was assigned to each of the Company's waste



effluent samples collected.  This number was recorded on the sample  tag,



the corresponding "custody" information sheet, and on the laboratory receipt




log.



     As each sample was collected, a labeled tag was attached to each



bottle or container.  The tray information recorded on the tag included




the "custody" number; the sampling station number and description; the tine



and date of collection; the types of analyses to be performed on the sample




by the laboratory; the types of preservatives added Jsee Appendix C,



Analytical Procedures]; and the personnel collecting the sample and  per-



forming the sample preservation.  Sample containers were placed in plastic




bags and the bags sealed with paper tape bearing the Initials of the indi-



vidual packaging the sample.  The intact seal and bag guaranteed the



integrity of the sample during shipment.



     A special "custody" information sheet was prepared for each "custody"




number assigned.  In addition to information being recorded on the sample

-------
                           t     184                              B-2






tag, the Informacion sheet recorded the laboratory to which the sample




was sent, the time and method of shipment, and the carrier.  Federal




Government bills-of-lading provided additional records of the shipments




made.




     Upon arrival of each shipment at its destination, laboratory personnel




recorded the time and date of receipt; the number and type of samples




received; and the analyses to be performed.  This documentation procedure




maintained a "custody" record for the fleid-to-the-laboratory transit.




Each analytical laboratory involved (Division of Field Investigations-




Denver Center; Division of Field Investigations-Cincinnati Center; Analytical




Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio; and the Southeast Water




Laboratory, Athens, Georgia) then maintained custody of each sample, using




procedures and records standard for the specific laboratory.




     This special "custody" documentation was employed for industrial




waste effluent samples only.  No "custody" numbers were assigned for water




and sediment samples collected from streams.  Normal documentation pro-




cedures including tagging of samples, as discussed above, and logging of




field measurements were followed.

-------
                                                                  C-l
                                   185
                             APPENDIX C

                            STUDY METHODS


     Common white, or lake, shrimp (Penaeus  setiferua),  sized  from  90-110 nra,*

were used for survival and palatability studies  in the Lower Calcasieu  River.

Shrimp were captured by bottom seining at 5-minute intervals in Lake

Calcasieu near Turner's Bay.  The catch was  released  from the  seining net

into a. holding tub.  These test shrimp were  transferred, with  extreme care,

employing a nylon dipnet, or by hand, from the tub to an aerated  acclimation

tank filled with clean water from Lake Prein.   Shrimp exposure out  of the

water was kept to a minimum.

     After a 24-hour acclimation period in the tank,  less than ten  percent

of the shrimp were found in distress or dead because  of  the previous day's

netting and handling.  These were culled from  the tank.   Live, healthy

shrimp were taken from the holding tank, decapitated, wrapped  in  foil,  and

frozen with dry ice for use as a taste and odor reference sample.   The  re-

maining live, healthy shrinp were used for survival and  palatability tests.

     At selected stations, wire, minnow baskets were  attached  to  floats

and suspended "at 1-foot depths in the River.  Cloth net  bags,  measuring

12 by 24 inches and having a mesh opening of one-quarter inch, were placed

inside the baskets.  Live shrimp were carefully transferred from  the hold-

Ing tank to cloth net bags inside the wire baskets.  This basket  apparatus

permitted free circulation of liver water through the cages, retained  the

test shrimp, and reduced predation by crabs.
* Determined by measuring from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the
  telson.

-------
                                   186
                                                                 C-2
Flavor and Odor Evaluation (Field and Laboratory Procedures)

     Baskets, each containing six shrimp, vere placed at control stations

and near the Company's effluents in the Lover Calcasieu River and its  tri-

butaries.  After a 6-hour Eiver exposure near the Company's discharge, the

shrimp vere retrieved and examined.  Survivors vere decapitated, wrapped,

in foil, and frozen with dry ice.  These frozen shrimp were shipped to the

Department of Food Science and Technology at Oregon State University,

Corvallis, Oregon, for flavor and odor evaluations by a panel of experi-

enced judges.


     Odor Test — At the Oregon State University facility, the wrapped,

frozen shrimp were transferred from the shipping container to a -10BF

freezer.  Later, the shrimp were removed from the freezer and placed at

40*F. until defrosted, then cooked in eight ounces of unsalted boiling

water for five minutes.  The cooked shrimp were quickly peeled and then

tightly wrapped with plastic film.  The cooking water was poured into

100 nl beakers and the beaker then tightly covered with aluminum foil.

Each respective sample of shrimp and cooking water was placed on a plate

coded with a 3-digit random number.

     The reference sample* was divided into four portions, two of which

were placed on coded plates and the other two on plates marked "Ref."

These shrimp were then alloted to two groups and placed on opposite counters

for odor testing, with the first sample in each group being a "Ref" sample.

Half of the judges smelled one group first and then smelled the other,
* Shrimp that were kept in aerated Lake Frlen water and not exposed to
  River water near Industrial discharges.

-------
                                                                  C-3

                                   187
with a 3- to 5-oinute wait between groups.  The judges were asked to sniff


both the shrimp and the cooking water and score the intensity of "off-odor"


as related to the reference sample.  Re-sniffir.g the reference sample was


allowed.  Thirty minutes after the first odor test was completed, the


plates were receded with new 3-dlgit random numbers, the order changed,


i"id a second test conducted by the same ten judges.



     Flavor Test — Each shrimp was cut Into four pieces and each respec-


tive sample mixed, then served In paper cups coded with 3-digit random


numbers.  The coded cups were randomly placed on two serving trays, each


of which contained a. labeled and a coded "Ref" sample.  The trays were


served in balanced order to the judges seated in individual testing booths


lighted with yellow-orange light.  The Judges were asked to score the


degree of "off-flavor" and the overall desirability o£ the samples on a


7-polnt scale. (O^extreme "off-flavor" and 7«no "off-flavor.")  Because


the sample size varied from one to six shrimp, only five judges were served


on the flavor panel.  Because there was only one shrimp In four of the


96-hour exposure samples, only two judges received these samples.



.Survival. Tests


     Baskets, each containing ten shrimp, were placed at "flavor evaluation


test" stations and elsewhere.  These shrimp were used as test animals for


96-hour survival studies.  At the termination of each 24-hour exposure


period, mortalities were recorded and the surface water near each basket


was tested for pH, temperature, and salinity.


     Shrimp that survived the 96-hour exposure were tested for flavor in
  *

the manner described above.

-------
                                       188
                                  APPENDIX D
                                   TABLE D-l

            PALATAJILm1  OF WHITE SHRIMP FOLLOWING A 6-HOUR EXPOSURE
                     IH THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
                                (April 20, 1971)
Station
Reference
CE-11.2
cm-ii
CR-6
CR-7
CR-6.1


CR-6
CR-5
Cl-3
CR-2

CR-1.2
CR-1
Total Jude
LSD (05)S/
Nearest Industrial.
Discharge
.
Control Station
Olin Barge Canal
Olin Tailings Pond
PPG Industries,' Incorporated
Cities Service
fires tone
Cit-Con
PPG Industries, Incorporated
Hercules
Cities Service
V. R. Grace
Davlson Chemical Division
Gulf Coast Aluminum
Control Station
aents

Off-Odor
5.57
5.72
2.85
5.35
-
-


-
5.05

.

5.62
5.60
20
0.62
Off-Flavor
5.60
6.40
2.50
5.40
-
• -


.
4.30

_

4.90
5.20
5
1.47
Over-all
Desirability
5,30
3.70
2.20
5.50
0.0*'
Q.O4'


O.O*'
3.20.
0.0^
0.0^

4.70
5.10
5
1.71
«_/ Dead shrimp were considered  unpalatable and were not tested for flavor or
   odor.
b/ LSD (05) refers to the  least significant difference at the 5 percent level.
   Data from above stations were examined by analysis of variance.

-------
                                        183
                                   TABLE D-2

            PALAIABILlfY OF WHITE SHIM? FOLLOWING A 96-HOUR EXPOSURE
                     IS TOE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
                               (April  20-24, 1971)
Station
Reference
CR-11.2
CR-11.1
Cl-11
Cl-8.1
C8-8
CR-7
CR-6.1


CR-6
CR-5.1
CR-5
CR-4.2
CR-4.1
CR-3.3
CR-3.2
Cl-3.1
CS-3
CR-2.1
CR-2
CR-1.2
CR-1.1
CR-1
Nearest Industrial
Discharge
.
Control Station
Control Station
Olin Barge Canal
Olin Tailings Pond
Olin Tailings Pond
PPG
Cities Service
Firestone
Cit-Con
PPG
Hercules
Hercules
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
Cities Service
w. R. Grace
W. R. Grace
Gulf Coast Aluminum
Culf Coast Aluminum
Control Station
Total Judgments
LSD (05)i/
Off-Odor
5.62
4.50
5.82
-
_
5.55
•
.


«•
.
S.27
.
.
^
_
-
_
_
_
—
5.72
6.02
20
0.77
Off-Flavor
5.30
5.10
5.75
_
_
4.50
-
- •


^
_
2.50
.
.
.
«(
H.
_
W>
.
^
3.50
5.40
5
1.20
Over-all
Desirability
4.50
4.80 .
5,75='
O.Or/
_ sJ
3,25^
0.0£/
0 § O1—


ft 0™s
0.0^.
1.75s-'
0.0^
o.o^-(
0.0^%
0.0^,
0.0^,
0.0^-^
0.0^^
o.oR
_ •=/
2.25^
5.20
5
1.75
_•/ Only one shrinsp tested.
b/ Cages vere lost or damaged before  96  hours hid passed.
cj Dead shrimp were considered unpalatable  and were not tested for
  * flavor or odor.
d/ LSD (05) refers to the least significant difference at the 5 percent
   level.  Data were examined by analysis of variance.

-------
                                                TABLE D-3

                       RESULTS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP 96-HOUR SURVIVAL STUDIES  TESTS
                            CONDUCTED IN THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
                                           (April 20-24,  1971)
Station
CR-11.2




CR-11.1


CR-11

CR-8.1
CR-8




CR-7

CR-6.1

Nearest Industrial
Discharge
Control Station




Control Station


Olin Corporation Barge Canal

Olin Corporation Tailings Pond
Olin Corporation Tailings Pond




PPG

Cities Service, Firestone, and
Cit-Con

Exposure Time
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
9 6 -hour
Initial
24-hour .
48-hour5^
Initial
24-hour
Initial .
24-hour17
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
96-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
In Situ
Alive
10
9
8
8
5
10
8

10
0
10
10
6
5
3
1
10
0
10
0
Bioassay
Dead
0
1
2
2
5
0
2

0
10
0
0
4
5
7
9
0
10
10
10

Percent Survival
100
90
80
80
50
100
80

100
0
100
100
60
50
30
10
100
0
0
0
&f Cage with nhrlmp lost or damaged.

-------
                   TABLE D-3 (Continued)

RESULTS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP 96-HOUR SURVIVAL STUDIES TESTS
     CONDUCTED IN THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
                    (April 20-24, 1971)
Station
CR-6
CR-5.1
CR-5
CR-A.2
CR-4.1
CR-3.3
CR-3.2
CR-3.1
CR-3
Nearest Industrial
Discharge
PPG Industries, Inc.
Hercules Company
Uercules Company
Cities Service
Cities Service (Butyl Rubber Plant)
Cities SErvice (refinery)
Cities Service (refinery)
Cities Service (refinery)
Cities Service (refinery) * Q -

Exposure Time
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
96-hour
Initial
24 -hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
In Situ
Alive
10
0
10
0
10
6
4
3
1
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
Bioassav
Dead
0
10
0
10
0
4
6
7
9
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10

Percent Survival
100
0
100
0
100
60
40
30
10
100
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
100 «j>
0 *-
100
0

-------
                   TABLE D-3 (Continued)

RESULTS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP 96-HOUR SURVIVAL STUDIES TESTS
     CONDUCTED IN THE LOWER CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
                    (April 20-24, 1971)
Station
CR-2.1

CR-2

CR-1.2


CR-1.1


CR-1




Nearest Industrial
Discharge
W. R. Grace Davlson
Chemical Division
W. R. Grace Davlson
Chemical Division
Gulf Coast Aluminum Company


Gulf Coast Aluminum Company


Control Station





Exposure Time
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour
Initial
24-hour .
48-hour5^
Initial
24-hour .
48-hour^7
Initial
24-hour
48-hour
72-hour
96-hour
In Situ
Alive
10
0
10
0
10
8

10
8

10
8
8
8
5
Bloassay
Dead
0
10
0
10
0
2

0
2

0
2
2
2
5

Percent Survival
100
0
100
0
100
80

100
80

100
80
80
80
50

-------





AFPKNDIX E
TABLE E-l




ANALYTICAL 'RESULTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMKNT SAMPLES-CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
(April. 1971)
Station*'
Number
CR-1
CR-1.2
CR-2
CR-3.2
CR-5
CR-6
CR-6.1
CR-6. 2
CR-7
1971
Date
4/22
4/22
4/22
4/22
4/22
4/5:2
4/22
4/74
4/22
Time
1145
1225
1310
1330
1115
1420
1350
1700
1440
Water
Depth
ft
2.0
4.0
. 3.0
30.0
1.0
12.0
15.0

4.0
Type—
of bottom
soft mud
soft mud
greyish-
white
sediment
black
soft
sediment
fine sand
soft mud
soft mud
blnck
muck
soft
brown
sediment
Odor^' Volatlles
of bottom Z
none 7.6
petro- 5.0
chemical
none 7.7
petro- 19
chemical
0.7
chemical 7.9
H2S 20
septic . 19
chemical 13.0
Org
Carbon
Z
2.76 .
2.52
1.20
8.88
1
1
0.19
1.96
9.03
7.41
3.61
Nitrogen OS I
Z
0.189 0.52
0.06 0.15
0.209 0.25
0.318 2.8
0.029 0.01
3.41 6.6
0.375 3.4
0.423 3.1
0.082 0.30
Sediment
Type
II
I
I
III
I
IV
III
III
I
Mercury2'
Utt/tt
<0.2
<0.2
0.9
5.4
0.1
6.0
2.0
1.7
1.3
193

-------
                                                        TABLE E-l  (Continued)

                             ANALYTICAL RESULTS OP BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLES-CALCASIEU RIVER. LOUISIANA
                                                           (April, 1971)
Station*'
Number
CR-8
CR-10
CR-11
CR-14
CR-15
CR-18
MC-1
MC-2
PC-1
Water
. 1971 Depth
Date Time ft
4/22 1100 1.5
4/22 1630 6.0
4/i!2 1510 35.0
4/25
4/25
4/Z5
4/27
4/27
4/27
Type^ Odor^ Volatllea
of bottom of bottom Z
•oft mud HjS 7.9
•oft mud organic 34
soft mud slight 22.0
petro-
chemical
10
17
13
3.8
25
1.9
Org
Carbon
Z
1.98
7.46
4.92
3.55
4.45
3.99
1.08 |
I
0.89
Nitrogen
Z
0.123
1.79
0.249
0.158
0.419
0.343
3.78
0.064
OSI
0.24
13
1.2
0.56
1.9
1.4
4.1
0.06
Sediment
Type
I
IV
III
II
III
III
III
I
Mercury5'
UK/It
0.5
2.6
0.7
1.4
1.7
0.9
0.2
0.4
   All samples  collected with an Elunan Dredge.  For description of stations ••• Table R-2.
b/ General appearance and ojor -»t time of collections.
cj Results baaed  on dry weight, ' Samples were dried at  35*C  for two days.
                                                                                                                                      W
                                                                                                                                      K3
                                                     194

-------
                   f       195
                                                                   E-3

                              TABLE 1-2

                  DESCRIFTIOK Of SEDIMENT SAMPLING
                 POINTS - CALCASIEU RIVER, LOUISIANA
Section   _  	             	Station jiescription

CR-1      Lover Calcasieu River, near Calcasieu Landing (upstream of intra-
          coiital waterway) near Channel Hacker 92,

d-1.2    Devils Elbov Canal at the industrial discharge canal of Gulf  Coast
          AltiaiBua,

CR-2      Lover Calcasieu Siver, near Viacents Landing (at the discharge  froa
          U. ft. Grace aad Company).

Cl-3.2.    Lower Calcasieu River, vest shore at industrial discharge  of  Citits
          Service refinery.

Qt-S      Lover Ctlcasieu River near Channel, Marker  108 (downstream  of
          iereulea effluent).

d,-€      Bayou d'Inde at a gas lint crossing approximately 1,000 yards
          southeast of PPC discharge canal.

CR-6.1    Bayou d'Inde, ciovrascream from Firestone, Cic-Con, and froo Cities
          Service petrochemical plane.

CR-6.2    Bayou d'Inde, upstream of Firestone, Cit-Con, and of Cities Service
          petrochetLical plane.

CR-7      Bayou Verdine, northvest of Coon Island.

CR-fi      Lower Calcasieu River, east shore of Coon  Island, near the discharge
          froa Olln tailings pond.

CS-10     Contraband Bayou, downstream from Lake Charles vastevater  treatment
          facility (Plant A and B) discharge.

CB.-11     Lover Calcasieu River at mouth of Olin barge slip, northvest  of
          Clooney Island.

CR-14     Near mouth of Bagdad Bayou at highway bridge.

CR-1S     Lover Caicisieu River at Ryan Street dovnstrcan from Lake  Charles
          vaatevater treatment facility (Plant A) effluent.

CR-18     Lover Calcasieu River at Highway 171 bridge.

IC-1      Mill Creek, near mouth at USGS 134.5 (Upper Calcasieu River).

MC-2      Hill Creek south of and dovnstream fraa Elizabeth, Louisiana  (Upper
          Calc»sieu River).

PC-1      Palmetto Creek at Highway 171-190 bridge,  near De Ridder,  Louisiana
          (Upper Calcasieu River).

-------
                                     196                         W~I





                             APPENDIX F




                        ANALYTICAL PHQCEBUKES





     Grab, or 24-hour composite, samples of water,  industrial waste,  and




bottom sediments were collected In the Lake Charles area by DFI-DC person-



nel.  Samples were preserved when collected as outlined in the Federal Water



Quality Administration's Manual far the Chemical Analysis o£ Water and



Wastes.-^



     One-liter grab samples were collected in glass containers from each



Company's effluent suspected of containing oil and  grease.  The samples



were preserved with 2 ml concentrated H-SO,/1 and shipped on ice to the




Division of Field Investigation-Denver Center.  Within 24 hours after col-



lection, the samples were tested for oil and grease, according to the pro-




cedure outlined in Standard Methods for the Examination of_ Water and Waste




later—  -with the exception that n-hexane vas used as the extraction



solvent instead of petroleum ether.  Because only single grab samples were



taken from each effluent, the results may not be representative of the



composite daily discharge.




     Twenty-four-hour composite samples were collected at each of the



Company's effluents.  One liter of the sample was preserved with 2 ml con-




centrated H2^4 ^or tota^ organic carbon (TOC) , chemical oxygen demand



(COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH--N), and organic nitrogen (org.-N) analyses.




One liter was preserved with 5 ml concentrated HNO, for metals analyses



and one liter was left untreated for total and suspended solids analyses.



     Water and effluent samples specified for metals analyses were shipped,

-------
                                                                   F-2
                                      187

air-freight, to the Division of Field Investigations-Cincinnati Center.

These samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd),  copper (Cu),  Lead (Pb),

chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) , aluminum (Al),  and nickel (Nl) by atomic absorp-

tion spectrophotometry.  All samples were analyzed for total mercury  (Kg)

according to the flameless AA procedure of Hatch and Qtt.—

     Other samples were shipped, air-freight,  to the Analytical Quality

Control (AQC) Laboratory in Cincinnati where they were analyzed, by DFI-DC

personnel, according to procedures described in the FWQA Manual.—

     These samples were tested for TOC by injection of homogenized 100 yl

aliquots into a Beckman Model 915 Carbon Analyzer after having been purged

with nitrogen gas for five to ten minutes.  Injections were made in dupli-

cate and triplicate; the average peak height was taken for comparison to

a standard curve.  In general, reproducibility was within  five percent.

Industrial waste samples with more than 20 mg/1 TOC were also analyzed

for COD.  These determinations were made according to the  procedure for

"high level COD", (i.e., digestion with 0.25N  l^Cr,^} .  For this analysis

sufficient mercuric sulfate was added to each  sample to tie up the chloride

ions — as determined by tltration with mercuric nitrate.   In general, each

sample was tested only once, although one duplicate analysis was reproduc-

ible within eight percent.  Both NH.-N and org.-N were determined using

the micro-Kjeldahl apparatus.  Consequently, all reagent concentrations

were scaled down to one-tenth of the level of  the regular  Kjeldahl proce-

dure.  Several duplicate analyses were performed with reproducibillties  of

four and six percent.

     Total and suspended solids were determined on the unpreserved samples.

-------
                                         198                      F-3



The residues were dried at 105"C.


     Bottom sediment samples were collected with an Eckman Grab Sampler at


selected sites along the Calcasieu River and In the vicinity of vaste  dis-


charges.  The muds were packed in Whirlpack bags, frozen, and shipped  air-


freight to the AQC Laboratory in Cincinnati.


     Samples, when thawed, vere air-dried at 35gC for two days under a


stream of clean, dry air.  The percent volatiles were calculated from the


weight loss after heating the dried sample at 600"C for one hour.   The


percent carbon and organic nitrogen were determined by the procedures  out-

                             4/
lined by Balllnger and McKee.~   The organic sediment index (OSI)  was


calculated as the product of the percent carbon and percent organic nitrogen.


     Mercury in the dried sediments was determined by an adaptation of the


"wet digestion/flameless AA procedure" for mercury in fish developed by


Uthe, et al.—   Standard additions using mercuric chloride or methyl


mercuric chloride were made on each sample; recoveries ranged from 87 to


122 percent throughout the 20 samples.


     One-liter grab samples were collected from the Company's effluents


for organic characterization.  Immediately after collection, the samples


were frozen and shipped, air mall-special delivery, to the Southeast Water


Laboratory, Athens, Georgia.  The samples were thawed, then extracted with


chloroform.  Chloroform extracts were concentrated to one ml or less and


injected into a Ferkin Elmer Model 900 gas chromatograph.  Conditions were


adjusted to obtain the best resolved chromatogran by using open tabular


columns of Carbowax 20 H or SE-30.  Once the conditions were selected, the

-------
                                 199
                                                                    F-4
column effluent was directed Into  a Perkln Elmer-Hitachi Mass Spectrometer,




Model RMU-7.  Mass scans were made of  all major peaks.  Identity of the




extract components was confirmed by injecting known compounds under the




same conditions and comparing both the retention  time and the mass spectrum.

-------
                                       200
                                                                   P-5
                             REFERENCES
1.   U. S. Departnent of  the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control
     Administration Manual  for the  Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes.
     Washington, B.C. November 1969.

2.   K, J. laras, A. E. Greenbergi  R. D. Hoak, and M. C. Rand, Standard
     Methods for the Examination of Water and Wasteaater, 12th Ed., Amer.
     Public Health Assn.  New York,  N.Y.  1965.

3.   W. R. Hatch and W. L.  Ott, Anal. Chem., 40, 2085 (1965).

4.   B. G. Balllnger and  G. B. McKee, J. Water Poll, Con. Fed,, 43 (2)
     216 (1971).

5.   J. R. Uthe, F. A. J. Armstrong and  M,  P. Stainton, J. Fisheries Hes.
     Board of Canada, 27., No. 4, 805  (1970).

-------
                         APPI.NUIK C

SUMMARY OP ANALYTICAL RESULTS FDR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
              CALCASIEU RIVER BASIN. LOUISIANA
Industry
Calcaeleu Paper Company
Clclce Service Oil Coapany
-ftutyl plant
-refinery



-patrochealcel plant
-lube and wax plant
(Ctt-Con)
Continental Oil Coupny
-VCH plant
-petrochemical pleat


-refinery





Continental Cerbon Cowpeny
Croeby Cheolcele Incorporated
Firestone Rubber Company
W. R. Grace and Coupany
-Oavlson Cheolcal Division
Uercules, Incorporated
Station
Number
CAL-1
CSC-l
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-3
CSC-4^
CSC-5
CSC-6
CON-1
CON-2
CON-2A
CON-8
COH-3
COH-4
CON-5
CON-6
COH-6A
CON-7A
CON-7
CRO-1
F1R-1
WRG-1
IIER-1
COD TOC NH, as N Total
m/1 Iba/dav n.K/1
304 36.700 150
174 2.470 29
IS
320 1.26 X 10* 230
13
9
612 20.200 180
17
12
620
8
130
676 6,320 210
3
10
7


180 SO • 43
160 8.360 38
168 8.070 32
236 3,870 19
112 3.880 62
Ibs/djy as.ll'
10.900
410
36,300 10.1
357 ,000
6,300
30,000
5,900 3.13
410 2.35
S3
6,890
90
780
1,960 32.1
230
145
60


10
1,990
2.500
290 t
1,100 '
Ibs/day ma/1
918
1,480
24.500 9,220
9.850
8.710
9.760
180 868
60 361
i 8.930
570
827
2.650
490 2.340
315
460
1.130


440
184
3.210
22.900
^>f\ ;
co_i It290
Solids
Ibn/dey
66.800
21.000
22.300.000
23.900.000
4,200,000
32,600.000
28.600
8,800
40,800
6.310
8.980
15,900
21.900
14.300
6.680
9.290


120
9.600
154.000
346.000
22.800
Suspended
Solids
iw/1
360
152
38
220
27
11
78
26
71
32
36
34
182
132
49
30


16

76
772
43
Iba/day
26,200
2,160
92,000
533,000
13,000
103,500
2.600
630
120
355
390
200
1.700
J.990
710
250


10

3.630
11.700
760
Oil 4 Grease
OR/1
4
7
3



3
8
2
2.5^

' 7
130
4
1
1
190
103

42
17

1
Iba/dar
290
100
12,100



163
190
9
22,36

40
1,21)
180
13
23



2.200
81)

18

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                   APPENDIX G (Continued)

SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
              CALCASIEU RIVF.R BASIN. LOUISIANA
Station
Industry Number
Olio Corporation OL1N-1^
OLIN-2^
OL1H-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-5
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-B
OL1N-9
OLIN-10
OLIN-11
PTC Industries. Incorporated PFG-1
PPC-2
PPC-3
PPC-4
PPC-I
FPG-5A
PPG-6
PPG-7^
PPG-8^
TOC
•K/l
9
23
1
3
8
11
3
2
10
1
21
13
18
12
6.2
10
10
5.4
16
11
NH. aa N
Ibs/day me/1 Ibs/dav
3.44
790 75.6 2.590
7 21.6 145
10 438 1.420
421 12.7 675
210 13.6 260
2 156 45
4 2.10 5
1.270 6.30 800
15 1.18 16
560 1.22 85
11.500
330
71430
70

)490
31

)32.600*/
Organic
Nitrogen
n.R/1 Iba/dav
7.00
11.5 394
6.44 40
4.76 15
7.28 , 390
8.12 160
48.2 15
6.16 15
10.1 1,280
6.16 20










Total
TO/I
5.160
1,190
2,620
8.370
4.540
5,890
3,750
1.030
5.580
1,450
73,900
7.070
7,030
6.800
9,700
7,760
7,220
4.620
7,060
6.350
Solids
Ibs/dav

40.700
17.700
27,200
241,000
113.600
1.130
2.300
706,400
4.400
1,970,000
17.120,000
130,000
4,207,000
105.300

1364.000^
28.700

) 16. 750, 000
Suapemled
Solids Oil » Grease
nft/1
23
44
99
77
122
28
115
13
33
31
102
32
887
22
138
32
428
17
31
19
Iba/dav UK/1 Ibs/dav
•
1,510
670
250
6.480
540
35
30
4,180
95
2.720
77.500
16,400
13,600
1,500 1 11

H4.500*/
105

)62.BOO*/
                                                                                                                   9
                                                                                                                   ro

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                   APPENDIX G (Continued)


BUHXAKT OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FUR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
              CALCASIEU RIVER BASIN. LOUISIANA
Induetrv
Calcaaleu Paper Company
Cltlea Service Oil Company
-Butyl plant
-refinery



-petrochemical plant
-lube and wax plant
(Clt-Con)
Continental Oil Company
-VCH plant
-petrochemical plant


-refinery





Continental Carbon Company
Croaby Chcmlcala Incorporated
Plreatone Rubber Company
U. R. Grace and Company
-Davlaon Chemical Dlvlalon
Uirculea. Incorporated
Station
NuBber
CAL-1
CSC-1
CSC-2
CSC-2A
CSC-3
CSC-4
CSC-S
CSC-6
CON-1
CON-2
CON-2A
CON -8
CON -3
CON -4
CON-}
CON-6
CON-6A
CON-7A
CON-7
CRO-1
FIR-1
WRG-1*/
UER-1
Chro
.a/I
0.10
0.40
0.02
0.14
<0.01
<0.01
1.8
0.07
2.6
<0.01
<0.01
0.30
0.17
0.16
0.41
4.0


0.03
<0.02
0.20
<0.01
0.2
mlum
Iba/day
7
6
48
340


39
2
12


2
1.6
7
6
33


0.01

10

3.J
Cadmium
BK/1 Iba/day
40. OJ
<0.05
40.05
40.0}
40.05

-------
                                                                  APPENDIX C I Continued)

                                               SIM1ARY OF ANALYTICAL  RESULTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES IN THE
                                                             CALCASIEU RIVER BASIN. LOUISIANA
Station
Induatrr Station
01 In Corporation OUN-1^
OLIN-2^/
OLIN-3
OLIN-4
OLIN-)
OLIN-6
OLIN-7
OLIN-8
OLIN-9
OLIH-10
OLIN-11
rPO Induotrloo. Incorporated PPC-1
PPC-2
PPG-3
PPC-4
PPC-5
PPG-5A
PPC-6
PPC-7^
PPC-8^
Chronlun Cadmium Mercury
•K/l
0.04
4.0
40.01
40.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
40.01
0.04
40.01
0.10
40.01
0.09
0.10
40.02
40.02
<0.02
40.02
40.02
40.02
Iba/daT m/1
40.0)
. 140 40. OS
40.0)
40.0)
1.1 40.0)
0.4 <0.05
0.01 40.0)
40.0)
) 40.0)
40.0)
3 0.1)
40.0)
2 40.0)
62 40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
40.0)
Iba/daT Vf/l
40.1
0.2
0.4
2.7
3.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
4 0.1
0.4
40.1
1.0
40.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Iba/daT

0.0069
0.0027
0.0088
0.2071
0.0019
0.0001
0.0002
0.0127
0.0018
0.0027
0.9700

0.6187

10.O080
0.0012
10.4800
Copper Lead Nickel Aluolmm
BK/1
40.02
40.02
40.02
0.08
40.02
40.02
40.02
<0.02
40.02
40.02
0.17
0.02





40.02
40.02
Iba/daT «/l Iba/daT mt/1 oin/1
0.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 4Q.)
0.3 40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 4Q.2 4Q.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.1 40.2 40.)
40.02 40.2 40.)
*.s ^ *! 40.)
48 40.1





40.1
40.1
a/ No lnccrf«renca fro* etlclum detected.
b/ Intaka froai Calcaalau River.
(J Samplea collected on two different daya.
d/ COD aeaaurement of 114 ng/1 or 1900 Iba/day.
tl Interference by atandard atonic abaorptlon procedure. coaplatlon of data dependant oa the davalopaient of an alternate uthod of analnla
y Baaed on eatlaated flow and/or average concentration.
£/ Aluminum Beaaureawnt of 60 aig/1 or 910 Iba/day.
                                                                               204

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                                                           ISI-I*
\

-------
               IEGEKD

|   tltlHKU HHItlll
A   IIIICIHt  ImiHIS
*   1IIII {Ulllli  - 111(1 tltlin I II il mi 11IIKI

-------
                                                 Cft
figure  3.   Sampling  Locations • Lower  Caleasieu  Rm
                         til  !91t
                                          c

-------
                                                     UGEHD
                                             iiiiirini irniuii
                                             iiiiEirii [fFLiuii
                                             mil niTiii! . inn leiiiii 1 11 u mi milts
    ti 1.1
                                                                       Not To Scale
Sampling locations  • lower Calcasieu River,  La,
            April  1911
D

-------
CtitietiUI Oil  Ci, •  ICH Pint

-------
tiuitjl til ii. •  fitiieiiiici) (Hut
J                     1

-------
                                                         tiitiuoiil Oil Co  • rtirtcttnicil Pint
                                   Cs8lm«ntjl Oil Ci. • KK Pint
cbJ   ZSULPHUR
                                                                                     ttilutotii cirht It,
                                                                                               Din tiff.



                                                                                                  LAKE  Cr
PP6 Iidistriis, lit
                     Smite 811 Co. • Pitrtcliieieil Plitt
    • Luti 4 Wu  Plan
                   Rvbbtl Co,




 Ciiits Striiti Oil tt. • Redtl-j
  W. R. Bract I to.
                                                                     Cull Clitt tliiini
                                              Figure 4.   industrial   Locations-Lower  Calcasieu

-------
locations-lower Calcisieu Rher,  La
    (Ipril 19711
0  CG-  D

-------