EPA Response  to the 2006 Petition
                    from Friends of the Earth Regarding
                    Lead Emissions from Piston-Engine
                    Aircraft
                    Overview
                       •  In this action EPA is responding to a petition from Friends of the Earth
                          (FoE). In 2006, FoE petitioned the Agency, requesting that EPA find that
                          lead emissions from general aviation aircraft may reasonably be anticipated to
                          endanger public health and welfare and that EPA propose emissions standards
                          under the Clean Air Act for lead from general aviation aircraft. Alternatively,
                          FoE requested that EPA commence a study and investigation of the health
                          and environmental impacts of lead emissions from general aviation aircraft, if
                          EPA believes that insufficient information exists to make such a finding,

                       •  EPA is responding to FoE's 2006 petition by describing the analytical work
                          EPA has underway to facilitate developing a scientifically sound endanger-
                          ment determination related to lead emissions from general aviation aircraft,
                          and the timing for next steps,

                       •  EPA intends to make its proposed and final endangerment determination
                          following completion of this analytical work. EPA estimates that it will take
                          up to three years, or until mid- to late 2015, to issue a final determination
                          with regard to endangerment from lead emissions of aircraft engines. This
                          timeframe accommodates the expected timing for delivery of necessary mod-
                          eling and monitoring information and other data, development of a proposal
                          which will be published for public comment, review and analysis of comments
                          received, and issuing the final determination,

                       •  In our response to FoE, we also note that we will not initiate rulemaking at
                          this time to establish standards concerning lead emissions from piston aircraft
                          since it would be premature at this point, given the lack of an affirmative
                          determination regarding endangerment. If our endangerment determination
SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
                  EPA-420-F-12-050
                        July 2012

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       results in affirmative findings, we would pursue standard setting on a timeframe that
       would be determined at that point,

    •   After a final determination has been reached, and if EPA's evaluation of the question of
       endangerment results in an affirmative finding, FAA would also be required to establish
       standards for the composition of piston-engine aircraft fuel to control lead emissions.
   Additional Information
   •   There are almost 20,000 airport facilities in the U.S. where leaded avgas is used,

   •   Currently, aviation gasoline is the only available motor fuel containing lead. Aviation
       gasoline is utilized in general aviation aircraft with piston engines, which are generally
       used for instructional flying, air taxi activities, and personal transportation. Lead is not
       used in jet fuel, the fuel utilized by most commercial aircraft,

   •   Emissions of lead from piston-engine aircraft using leaded avgas comprise approximately
       half of the national inventory of lead emitted to air,

   •   On October 15, 2008,  EPA substantially strengthened the national ambient air quality
       standards (NAAQS) for lead, finding that serious  health effects occur at much lower
       levels of lead in blood  than previously identified. EPA is currently conducting the
       periodic review of the NAAQS for lead,
For More Information
To download a copy of today's action and to obtain additional information regarding EPA's
response to the petition from Friends of the Earth, go to:

          www.epa.gov/otaq/aviation.htm

For more information about lead in air visit:

          www.epa.gov/air/lead

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