FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: August 2012
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This fact sheet summarizes the activities
of the Federal Remediation Technologies
Roundtable (FRTR) over the last year. The
FRTR is an interagency working group that
encourages cooperation among member
agencies to promote development and
use of new technologies for improved
remediation of hazardous waste sites.
Primary members of the FRTR include
the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD),
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI),
the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC), and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The roundtable has met twice each year to
share information since it was established
in May 1990. Meeting summaries
and presentations are available on the
FRTR website at www.frtr.gov. Recent
meetings have focused on Low Cost
Treatment Technologies for Soil and
Groundwater (May 2010), Characterization
of Contamination in Fractured Media
(November 2010), and Green and
Sustainable Remediation (May 2011). The
43rd FRTR meeting, held in November 2011,
focused on optimization; the objectives of
the meeting were as follows:
* Improve communication and common
understanding of optimization.
* Share experience and lessons learned in
advancing best practices.
* Outline key issues and develop shared
strategies to address them.
This fact sheet highlights ongoing efforts
by the FRTR member agencies to better
understand optimization. Optimization
is a systematic site review by a team of
independent technical experts at any
phase of the cleanup process to identify
opportunities to improve remedy
protectiveness, effectiveness, and cost
efficiency, and to facilitate progress toward
completion of site work. As part of an
FRTR HIGHLIGHTS
26 new cost and performance case
studies posted on the FRTR website.
Summary and presentations from
the FRTR meeting on Optimization
(November 2011) posted on the FRTR
website.
More than 140 cost and performance
reports are currently available under
the FRTR's long-term monitoring and
optimization focus area. Case studies
can be searched and downloaded
at www.costperformance.org/
optimization/search.cfm.
The EPA's Office of Superfund
Remediation and Technology
Innovation (OSRTI) is planning to
release its National Strategy to Expand
Superfund Optimization Practices from
Site Assessment to Site Completion in
2012. Under the strategy, optimization
practices from site assessment to site
completion will be formalized as an
operating business model for the
Superfund Remedial Program.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) has developed checklists
to facilitate Remediation System
Evaluations (RSEs).These checklists
facilitate the optimization review
process by including suggestions of
involved parties, data that should be
reviewed, references for evaluating
a system or process, and typical
performance problems. For more
information, visit www.environmental.
usace. army. mil/rse_ checklis t.htm.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
Optimization Applies to Cleanup Activities from Site Assessment to Site Completion
Remedy
Components
Site Assessment
0—0
Remedial Investigation
Feasibility Study
o—
Remedial Design
O^
Remedial Action
Long-term Response Action
Operation & Maintenance
O 0
Site Completion
Remediation Optimization (www.frtr.gov/optimization/)
The FRTR considers Remediation Process Optimization to be a systematic monitoring and evaluation approach
that is conducted to identify and respond to changes in remedy operation and performance.This approach
increases protectiveness, reduces cost, reduces cleanup times, and improves advancement towards site closeout.
General - Information on definitions of optimization terms, points of contact of FRTR members, optimization
tools, processes, and optimization projects.
Optimization Case Studies - Database of optimization case studies by FRTR members.
Monitoring Optimization - Methodology for optimizing long-term monitoring programs.
Simulation Optimization - Mathematical optimization methods and groundwater simulation models to
optimize pumping locations, plume containment rates, and cleanup rates.
Treatment Technology Optimization - In situ and ex situ remediation technologies information.
optimization review, the review team examines site
documents, assesses the level of protectiveness at
the site, evaluates the performance of the remedy,
reviews cost efficiency, and considers strategies to
achieve site closure. The early focus of optimization
was at sites with operating remedies and large
groundwater monitoring networks. In the past
several years however, optimization has been applied
to all stages of cleanup with beneficial results. Thus,
optimization helps to identify improvements during
any stage of the site cleanup process.
As part of the technology transfer effort, FRTR has
facilitated information sharing by collecting reports
pertaining to optimization. These reports can be
accessed on the FRTR website at www.frtr.gov/
optimizationldefault.htm.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
Superfund Remediation
Optimization Factsheet
The EPA's Office of Superfund Remediation and
Technology Innovation is currently developing a
fact sheet that discusses the role of optimization in
the decision making process within the Superfund
remediation process.
FRTR Member Agencies Optimization Efforts
FRTR member agencies are implementing a variety
of tools to support their optimization initiatives.
Some of the tools are unique to the developing
agency, while others can be used within any agency's
program. Tools include: standard operating
procedures (SOPs), web-enabled resources, and
specialty software to evaluate site contamination, to
identify optimization options, and to calculate costs
and benefits for alternative approaches.
Optimization-Related Efforts within the DoD
The Naval Facilities Engineering Command
(NAVFAC) is developing a Management and
Monitoring Approach that refines the way site
information is evaluated, including methods for
evaluating data to identify remediation trends.
The approach provides a template for presenting
cleanup goals, documenting optimization endeavors,
and presenting exit strategies in a clear manner.
As a part of this approach, Navy Remedial Project
Managers are using a Monitoring Report Template
to standardize the way information is presented.
The Navy is also updating its 2004 optimization
policy to incorporate sustainability and the use
of Site Wise as a requirement during feasibility
studies. SiteWise is an analytical tool that assesses
environmental footprints associated with remedial
actions. Aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions,
water consumption, energy consumption, air
pollutant emissions, and worker safety are evaluated.
Efforts within the U.S. Air Force (USAF) include use
of optimization software to assist in developing long-
term monitoring programs. One such program, the
Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System
(MAROS), developed for the Air Force Center for
Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE), uses
site-specific information to optimize monitoring
plans and efficiently attain cleanup goals with cost
savings.
Efforts are also under way to promote optimization
within the USAF's performance-based contracting
(PBC) remediation environment. Within the next
three to four years, the USAF expects to have
its installations remediated through contract
mechanisms that include PBC or performance
based remediation (PBR). PBR emphasizes the
responsibility of the contractor in making suitable
optimization decisions by specifying the desired
remedy outcomes but allowing the contractor
flexibility in determining the methods and
application for treatment.
Optimization-Related Efforts within the
USAGE
The USACE Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive
Waste Center of Expertise (EM CX) has performed
RSEs on federal sites for other branches of DoD, the
EPA, DOE, and NASA. The USACE conducts these
reviews under Military Interdepartmental Purchase
Requests to identify ways to save money; decrease
the time to site closure; meet protectiveness and
remedy performance requirements of the National
Recent Activities of the Federal
Remediation Technologies Roundtable
Green Remediation Subgroup
The EPA's OSRTI released the report "Methodology for
Understanding and Reducing a Project's Environmental
Footprint." This resource presents green remediation
metrics to be used for contaminated site cleanup
and an approach for quantifying these metrics.The
document focuses on:
1. The rationale behind the methodology, the value
of evaluating environmental footprints, and the
associated level of effort and cost,
2. Considerations for assessing and using the
analytical results, and
. Illustrative approaches to reducing project
environmental footprints.
This document can be downloaded from the CLU-
IN website at: www.cluin.org/greenremediation/
methodology/docs/GC_Footprint_Methodology_
Feb2012.pdf.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
AFCEE Long-Term Monitoring
Optimization Tools
The AFCEE has developed the Geostatistical
Temporal Spatial Optimization and the Monitoring
and Remediation Optimization System software.
These optimization tools have been peer-reviewed
in recognized international journals (for example,
Environmetrics and Groundwater) and have been
accepted by the DoD environmental community
and the EPA's Office of Superfund Remediation and
Technology Innovation as valuable tools.These tools
have been used at sites across the USAF in the LTMO
stage. Use of optimization methodologies has shown
reductions of sampling budgets by 20 to 40 percent
in case studies and technical literature. AFCEE
currently offers optimization LTMO training and
assistance to installations in monitoring programs
across the USAF. For more information, visit
www.afcee.af.mil/resources/restoration/ltm/index.asp.
Contingency Plan; verify project goals and closure
criteria; and confirm proper use and maintenance
of government property. To facilitate the RSEs, the
USAGE developed checklists that guide review
teams through the RSE process. The checklists
include suggestions of parties that should be
involved in the RSE, data that should be reviewed,
technical references to support evaluation of a system
or process, and typical performance problems. Most
of the checklists are treatment system-specific (such
as the Soil Vapor Extraction Subsurface Performance
Checklist or the Advance Oxidation Technologies
Checklist). The checklists and other optimization
tools can be accessed at www.environmental.umce.
army.millrse_chec1dist.htm.
The USACE also is currently evaluating the
benefits of LTMO for Army cleanup programs.
An optimization project in progress at the time of
the meeting was comparing the software MAROS
with the USAF's 3-Tiered Monitoring Optimization
(3TMO) tool. The three tiers include Site Screening,
Data Compilation, and Analysis (Qualitative,
Temporal, and Spatial).
Optimization-Related Efforts within the EPA
The EPA's OSRTI is planning to release its National
Strategy to Expand Superfund Optimization Practices
Optimization-Related Resources
1. The EPA's Remedy Optimization website:
This website provides the EPA definition of
remedy optimization and its key components.
In addition, the site provides key optimization
guidance documents, documents on optimizing
pump and treat systems, and prior summary
and analysis reports that discuss the site-specific
implementation of recommendations made
and their progress toward implementation. For
more information, visit www.epa.gov/superfund/
deanup/postconstruction/optimize.htm.
2. The EPA's Remediation Optimization Focus
Area on its Contaminated Site Cleanup
Information website: This website, developed
by the EPA's Technology Innovation and Field
Services Division, describes optimization
reviews performed at various stages in the
cleanup process (previously referred to as
RSEs, independent design reviews, and LTMO),
identifies optimization training sponsored
by the EPA, and provides access to prior
optimization review reports. This website is
being updated to include information on the
optimization strategy, provide easier access to
optimization reports, and identify more sources
of optimization training. For more information,
visit www.duin.org/optimization.
3. Navy's Optimization Workgroup: The Navy
established the Optimization Work Group to
provide counsel on optimization of remedial
actions and monitoring to Navy Installation
Restoration Managers. The purpose of the
workgroup is to facilitate efficient, protective,
and cost-effective site closeouts.The workgroup
is made up of representatives from each of the
Navy's Facilities Engineering Commands, the
Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center,
the Naval Facilities Engineering Command,
and the Marine Corps Headquarters. For more
information, visit www.portal.navfac.navy.
mil/portal/page/portal/navfac/navfac_ww_pp/
navfac_nfesc_pp/environmental/erb/wg-opt.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
from Site Assessment to Site Completion in 2012. Under
the strategy, existing optimization methods will be
unified. The main objectives of the strategy are to
eliminate redundancy between the optimization
processes, integrate optimization into program
processes and pipeline activities, facilitate technology
transfer, remove technical barriers, simplify the
optimization process, leverage lessons learned for
new optimization projects, integrate optimization
activities into the design and characterization
phases, and improve optimization technical support.
A draft of the strategy, developed by the EPA's
National Optimization Strategy Workgroup under
the supervision of Superfund Headquarters, has
been prepared and is composed of four development
and implementation elements: planning and
outreach, integration and training, implementation,
and measurement and reporting. Future activities
planned include finalizing the strategy, utilizing
optimization experience and principles to impact
Remedial Program business practices, collecting
and leveraging optimization lessons learned to
new optimization projects, applying optimization
practices throughout the cleanup process, performing
optimization reviews at 20 to 30 sites annually,
developing a training program, and refining how
optimization review efforts and implemented
recommendations are measured and reported.
The EPA has used optimization software to assist
in the evaluation of LTM programs at a number
of Superfund sites. These tools include MAROS
software developed for the AFCEE. MAROS
was recently used at the Applied Materials
Building 1 (AMI) Superfund site in Santa Clara,
California. Use of optimization software has resulted
in cost savings and promotes accelerated site closure.
REMEDIATION CASE STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT REPORTS
A major activity of the FRTR throughout the year is
to collect and distribute information from federal
and state agencies on the use of new technologies at
their sites. Each year, the FRTR compiles reports and
makes them available at the website - www.frtr.gov.
The "What's New" section is updated monthly and
provides notices about meetings, conferences, and
publications of relevance to FRTR stakeholders.
The FRTR website provides case studies and reports
in four categories: Remediation Technology, Site
Characterization and Monitoring, Long-Term
Monitoring and Optimization, and Remediation
Technology Assessment. The case studies share data
collected by member agencies and are based on real
experiences and lessons learned in selecting and
implementing site characterization and treatment
technologies to delineate and remediate soil and
groundwater contamination at hazardous waste
sites. Remediation case study reports describe the
performance and cost of technology applications for
full-scale and large-scale demonstration projects.
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY COST AND
PERFORMANCE CASE STUDIES
More than 410 Remediation Technology Cost and
Performance Case Studies (treatment or containment)
are available on the FRTR website. Recently,
three new cost and performance case studies for
remediation technologies have been added. These
case studies address the use of in situ remediation
technologies for contaminated soil and groundwater.
Prepared by DoD's Environmental Security
Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) and the
EPA, these case studies provide data on the cost
and performance of various technologies including
electrolytic reactive barriers, radio frequency
heating, and the application of lime to treat a range
of contaminants such as energetic compounds,
explosives, metals, and dense nonaqueous phase
liquid (DNAPL).
SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND
MONITORING REPORTS
This focus area includes reports on field-based site
characterization and monitoring technologies and
documents experiences and lessons learned in field
demonstrations and full-scale applications; more than
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
195 reports are currently available. Four new reports
have been added addressing the characterization
of inorganic and organic chemicals, unexploded
ordnance, and chlorinated solvents (provided by the
USAGE, the EPA, and DoD ESTCP).
LONG-TERM MONITORING AND
OPTIMIZATION CASE STUDY REPORTS
This focus area includes reports that describe long-
term monitoring and optimization efforts that
involve evaluations of groundwater monitoring
programs and hydraulic optimization. More than
140 reports are currently available under this focus
area. Twelve new documents have been recently
added. Eleven of the reports focus on evaluations of
extraction systems used for remediation; one report
describes an evaluation of a LTM program.
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT REPORTS
The reports in this focus area provide broad
assessments of technologies based on results from
field experience gained from multiple sites. Seven
new reports were added to this focus area, bringing
the total to 101. The DoD ESTCP and the Interstate
Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) each
RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING IN FRACTURED ROCK AT AN ACTIVE
MANUFACTURING FACILITY IMPACTED BY RESIDUALTCA DNAPL
Highlight of New Remediation Technology Cost and Performance Report
This cost and performance report was prepared by the EPA's OSRTI
program. This demonstration used a radio frequency heating system and
Soil Vapor Extraction System (SVE) to remediate 1,1,1-trichloroethane
(TCA) DNAPL-contaminated groundwater at the site. The radio frequency
heating system used electromagnetic energy to reduce TCA DNAPL
contamination in groundwater. Site investigation results indicated that
residual DNAPL and elevated dissolved-phase concentrations were
present in the source area.This contamination is attributable to the
historical use of TCA at the active manufacturing facility on site.
Radio frequency heating was selected as the treatment technology after several studies and tests were conducted
to evaluate which technology was best suited to treat residual contamination in the bedrock fracture network.
Several advantages of using radio frequency heating were presented, including: (1) the ability to focus the thermal
energy on the contaminated groundwater in the bedrock fractures and (2) the ability to heat over a volume
independent of the poor fracture interconnectivity. In addition, the site's hydrogeological characteristics were
favorable.
The radio frequency heating system was made up of nine 30.5-meter-deep boreholes. Antennas were installed in
four wells in a square array and were connected to a radio frequency generator via transmission lines. Fiber optic
thermometry was used to monitor groundwater temperature throughout the radio frequency heating system. This
system was operated for 36 months at a maximum output of 19 kilowatts.
An SVE system consisting of 26 extraction points and a sub-slab depressurization system of 12 shallow overburden
extraction wells was installed to treat volatile organic compound vapors in the source area.This system also
incorporated 14 deep overburden and shallow bedrock extraction wells located in the source area. Over the
course of its operation, 144 pounds of volatile organic compound-contaminated material was captured.
The use of radio frequency heating to treat TCA contamination at the site was considered a success. TCA
groundwater concentrations were reduced by 97 percent by May 2010. Over the course of the treatment,
groundwater temperature was increased from 21 degrees Celsius to 52 degrees Celsius.This increased
temperature accelerated the dissolution rate of TCA, increased the biodegradation rate, and improved conditions
for abiotic transformation.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
provided three reports; NAVFAC provided one
report. The DoD ESTCP reports describe technology
demonstrations to evaluate the use of (1) thermal
treatment technologies for DNAPL source zone
treatment, (2) a field-portable gas chromatograph
mass spectrometer unit to characterize semivolatile
compounds in groundwater, and (3) geostatistical
evaluation in optimizing the long-term monitoring
of groundwater. The ITRC reports provide technical
guidance on (1) an integrated DNAPL site strategy,
(2) biofuel release prevention, behavior, and
remediation, and (3) development of performance
specifications for solidification/stabilization.
The NAVFAC report describes technology
demonstrations to evaluate the use of the reagent
persulfate as part of in situ chemical oxidation
treatment at four sites.
APPLICATION OF NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TOOLS FOR MONITORING
MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION (MNA), BIOSTIMULATION, AND
BIOAUGMENTATION AT CHLORINATED SOLVENT SITES
Highlight of New Characterization Report
This cost and performance report was prepared by the DoD
Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. It
describes a demonstration using nucleic acid-based tools to identify
chlorinated solvent contaminant sites where long-term monitored
natural attenuation (MNA) was appropriate by detecting and
quantifying bacteria-specific biomarker genes that indicate anaerobic
bioremediation. Field demonstrations were conducted at six DoD
sites undergoing MNA remediation or biostimulation. The primary
objectives of the demonstration were to (1) evaluate the use of nucleic
acid-based tools in identifying sites suitable to MNA, (2) predict sites
that would be amenable to biostimulation, (3) predict sites where
biodegradation is not suitable, and (4) provide a guidance protocol
to remedial project managers (RPMs) and contractors on the use
of nucleic acid-based tools. During this demonstration, methods of
groundwater sample collection were evaluated, nucleic acid-based
tools were used to identify bacteria-specific biomarker genes, and
study data were evaluated to identify correlations between the
amounts of specific biomarker genes detected in demonstration
samples and the reduction of contaminant concentrations at the
sites. The use of nucleic acid-based tools was found to be reliable
for determining anaerobic bioremediation conditions.The report includes information regarding technology
performance, cost assessment, and implementation issues associated with using nucleic acid-based tools.The
report also provides a guidance protocol to advise RPMs and contractors on how to apply nucleic acid-based
technology for site characterization at DoD contaminated sites.
Application of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for
Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation
(MNA), Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation
at Chlorinated Solvent Sites
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
APPLIED MATERIALS BUILDING 1:
LONG TERM MONITORING STRATEGY
Highlight of New Long-Term Monitoring Program Evaluation Case Study Report
This Long-Term Monitoring Strategy Report prepared by the EPA, presents the results of a review of site data at
the Applied Materials Building 1 Superfund Site in Santa Clara, California. The groundwater extraction remedy was
terminated in 2003 due to low recovery of contaminants of concern. A 2010 5-year review at the site indicated
that remedial goals for groundwater were generally achieved but the site was intermittently exceeding remedial
goals. This report documents how site data were reviewed to develop a strategy for site closure. The CSM and site
data review indicated that: (1) hydrogeology at the site was consistent, (2) the source area appeared to be reduced
and was not transporting mass downgradient, (3) biodegradation and abiotic chemical degradation processes
were active and contaminant concentrations continued to decrease, and (4) the vertical and horizontal extent of
the contaminant plume had been fully delineated. The statistical dataset evaluation indicated that contaminant
concentrations in several areas had achieved remedial goals, but concentrations in several wells remain slightly
above the remedial action objectives.The evaluation and report concludes that further active remediation is not
required and recommends annual sampling of wells remaining in the sampling program.
DEMONSTRATION AND VALIDATION OF THE GEOSTATISTICAL
TEMPORAL-SPATIAL ALGORITHM (GTS) FOR OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-
TERM MONITORING (LTM) OF GROUNDWATER AT MILITARY AND
GOVERNMENT SITES
Highlight of New Remediation Technology Assessment Report
This cost and performance report was prepared by
the DoD ESTCP.The report reviews the performance
of Geostatistical Temporal-Spatial (GTS) groundwater
optimization software developed by MacStat
Consulting and Science Applications International
Corporation for the AFCEE.The software was
demonstrated at three sites: the Air Force Plant
44 Site in Tucson, Arizona, the Former Nebraska
Ordnance Plant Site in Mead, Nebraska, and the
Fernald United States Department of Energy
Site in Ross, Ohio. The report summarizes (1) the
effectiveness of the software as an optimization tool
in evaluating spatial and temporal redundancies
at the demonstration sites as well as the software's
ability in providing reproducible results, (2) its
... mvm^/,, effectiveness in flagging anomalous measurements,
(3) its ability to identify sampling network inadequacies, and (4) its recommendations on coordinate locations
regarding the placement of new wells wells to address network inadequacies. The report also includes a
description of the technology, identifies how sites were selected for the demonstration, provides an overview
of evaluation methods, provides cost assessment methods and results, and presents implementation issues
associated with use of the software.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2012
REMEDIATION SYSTEM EVALUATION FOR THE
BAYTOWN TOWNSHIP SUPERFUND SITE
Highlight of New Remediation System Evaluation Report
This RSE report prepared by the USAGE Environmental and Munitions Center of Expertise for the EPA presents
findings associated with the evaluation of remediation efforts at the Baytown Township Superfund Site in Lake
Elmo, Minnesota. A hydraulic barrier system was selected in the March 2007 Proposed Plan.This hydraulic barrier
was composed of a groundwater extraction system and an air stripping treatment system. The goals of the RSE
included the following: (1) minimize contaminant plume migration, (2) reduce contaminant levels in the aquifer
to meet drinking water standards, and (3) decrease the amount of time groundwater from downgradient private
residential wells is treated with granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. The report presents evaluation findings
regarding plume capture data, groundwater contaminant trends, the performance and effectiveness of the
remediation systems, the costs associated with each remediation system and the monitoring program, and the
success of the systems in regards to protecting human health and the environment. Based on RSE findings, the
report presents several recommendations, some of which are: (1) employing in situ chemical oxidation inside the
source area in a phased approach, (2) evaluating groundwater concentration rebound and installing additional
monitoring wells or piezometers if needed, (3) implementing PBC for source area treatment, (4) measuring the
water levels of the monitoring wells on a recurring basis when the hydraulic barrier system is shut down and
also when turned on to assess the inward gradient toward the extraction wells and capture zone influence, (5)
performing a MAROS analysis downgradient and within the source area to assess the migration of contaminants,
and (6) employing a more demanding monitored natural attenuation program to reduce TCE concentrations in
the source area.
COST AND PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR
PERSULFATETREATABILITY STUDIES
Highlight of New Remediation Technology Assessment Report
This cost and performance report was prepared by the Navy Facilities Engineering Command. This report
evaluated and presented conclusions regarding the effectiveness of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) treatment
at the following installations: Naval Air Station (NAS) North Island, Alleghany Ballistics Laboratory, NAS Alameda,
and Marine Corps Base Quantico. A persulfate reagent was introduced at each demonstration site for the in
situ remediation of chlorinated volatile compounds, DNAPLs, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,TCE, perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride contaminated groundwater. Performance objectives for the demonstrations
were to further develop and evaluate the use of persulfate as an in situ reagent to reduce contaminant
concentrations, evaluate the use of persulfate as part of an in situ source treatment to reduce contaminant
concentrations involving DNAPLs, and evaluate whether the use of persulfate shortens the time needed to obtain
site closure. The report summarizes the results of the data collection and evaluation and provides findings and
lessons learned that can be used by program managers who are considering persulfate in ISCO remediation
technologies. Some specific lessons learned included: (1) COCs reduction was observed at all the sites after
persulfate was injected but the reductions were not uniform due to the inability to evenly distribute the reagent
throughout the treatment areas; (2) ISCO using persulfate is more successful at sites that exhibit more permeable
materials such as sands; (3) ISCO elevates metals concentrations in groundwater so consideration must be made
regarding long-term monitoring; (4) depending on site-specific conditions, it may not be necessary to introduce
an activating agent. The report also includes descriptions of the technologies, provides an overview of evaluation
methods, provides cost assessment methods and results, and presents implementation issues associated with the
technologies.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE (FRTR)
SUMMARY OF ACTIVITES: August 2012 (EPA-542-F-12-027) - ORDERING INFORMATION
This FRTR fact sheet is available free of charge from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National
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Federal
Remediation
Technologies
Roundtable
ANNUAL SUMMARY
OF ACTIVITIES:
August 2012
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