EPA910/R-96-007
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA 98101
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
Office of Environmental Assessment Risk Evaluation Unit
August 1996
Asian and Pacific Islander
Seafood Consumption
Study
Exposure Information Obtained through a Community-
Centered Approach
Planning Phase
Prepared by Connie Nakano, Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption
Study Coordinator, Refugee Federation Services Center, Seattle, Washington and
Roseanne M. Lorenzana, Asian Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Phase 1
Project Manager, U.S. EPA Region 10, Seattle, Washington.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
RATIONALE FOR STUDY (Phase 1-3) 3
LONG TERM AIM OF THE STUDY (PHASE 1-3) 7
SPECIFIC STUDY OBJECTIVES (PHASE 1-3) 7
BENEFITS OF THE STUDY 7
PRODUCTS OF PHASE 1 (PLANNING PHASE) 8
Refugee Federation Service Center and Seafood Consumption Project Coordinator .... 8
Forming of the Committees 11
Planning Committees and Individuals 15
Development of the Study Tool 16
Statement of Hypothesis '. , 17
Target Population of Study 17
Questionnaire , 18
Sampling Procedure 19
Focus Group Testing 20
Focus Group Results 21
CONDUCTING THE PHASE 2 STUDY 22
Workplan 22
Phase 2 Specific Objectives 22
Target Population and coverage 23
Sample Size and Precision , 23
Pilot test 23
Data Collection Method 24
Interviewers and training , 24
Quality Control 24
Data Analyses and Statistical Procedures 25
Display Models 26
LESSONS LEARNED (TRIUMPHS AND CHALLENGES) 27
NEXT STEPS 29
Community/University Partnership 29
Phase 3 - Communication/Outreach 29
Phase 3 Objectives 29
Education/Communication Tools 29
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Proposed Schedule 30
Phase 2 & 3 Budget 31
REFERENCES 32
LIST OF APPENDICES
A. Qualifications of Committees and Individuals
B. Focus Group Evaluations
C. List of Seafood Species
D. Letters of Support
E. Memorandum of Agreement
F. Phase 2 and Phase 3 Budget
G. Job Announcements
H. Sample Letter and Poster
I. English Language Questionnaire
J. Cambodian Language Questionnaire
K. Chinese Language Questionnaire
L. Filipino Language Questionnaire
M. Hmong Language Questionnaire
N. Korean Language Questionnaire
O. Laotian Language Questionnaire
P. Mein Language Questionnaire
Q. Samoan Language Questionnaire
R. Vietnamese Language Questionnaire
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INTRODUCTION
This document is the project report for the first of three phases of an Asian and Pacific Islander
seafood consumption study: the planning phase. A substantial amount of work was needed for
this phase because, to our knowledge, this is the first effort in the United States in which
investigation of this environmental justice issue has been initiated, designed and conducted by
the Asian and Pacific Islander (A&PI) community, itself.
Leadership by the A&PI community is critically important in obtaining accurate data and is the
success of the present work. Common diet study approaches and methods used in the United
States are insensitive to A&PI culturally determined social behaviors and language requirements.
If these unique features are not considered in the design and conduct of the study undetermined
biases and inaccuracies will result.
The greater Seattle/Puget Sound area in the state of Washington has a substantial A&PI
community. In this region, there is considerable access to a large marine waterbody (Figure 1)
where seafoods are readily collected. Representatives of the A&PI community determined that
an area of considerable concern is evaluating and communicating the risks from environmental
contaminants in purchased and self-collected seafoods,
The purpose of this report is to a) provide documentation to support the need for an A&PI
Seafood Consumption Study b) summarize the challenges and triumphs of planning this type of
work and c) provide the products of Phase 1.
This project focuses on evaluating A&PI seafood consumption and is unique because the study's
purpose and design was developed by members of the A&PI community. Seafoods are an
important culturally based food source as well as a potential significant source of environmental
contaminants such as methyl mercury and polychlorinated hydrocarbons for A&PI persons living
in the United States. The long term goal of this project is to improve the health and well-being
of the A&PI communities by empowering the local community with information they can use to
develop their own awareness and agenda to address environmental inequities. The project is
divided into three phases, Phase 1 focuses on the development of community support and
technical expertise including university contacts in order to develop a study tool, a workplan, and
a proposal for Phase 2 and Phase 3.
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Figure 1. Map of Puget Sound area showing location of the city of Seattle and King County,
Washington State
Puget Sound Basin
A&Pl Seafood Consumption Study
EPA 910/R-96/QQ7
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RATIONALE FOR STUDY (Phase 1-3)
Asian and Pacific Islanders represent one of the most diverse and rapidly growing immigrant
populations in the United States. From 1980-1990, A&PI populations have increased 107.8% in
the United States. In Washington state, there has been a 93.2% increase from 1980-1990. As of
1990, Washington state has the third highest percentage of A&PIs, next to California and Hawaii
(US Census Bureau, 1990). The majority of the new immigrants reside in the Puget Sound
region in Washington state. King County (the focus of this study) has the largest A&PI
population. 55.6% of A&PIs in the United States do not speak the English language very "well";
39% within King County (US Census Bureau, 1990). 11.6% of the A&PI families are below the
poverty level in the United States; 13% in King County. Yet, the A&PI communities are often
given very little attention because of erroneous stereotypes and perceptions that these groups are
successful and a healthy model for a minority population.
Therefore, it is critical to understand the social and economic characteristics of the susceptible
A&PI populations. Among the many issues the A&PI communities confront, language and
ethnicity issues are the most challenging. Recent immigrant and refugee populations are
considered to be the most vulnerable communities. The vast majority of the refugees in
Washington came from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos since 1975, It is important to understand
that as refugees, they did not choose to move to this country. In an effort to escape war, torture,
and the threat of death, the refugees left their war torn countries, arriving in Washington after
having spent years in refugee camps. Only a few had the education to compete in an industrial
urban market and the majority speak no English. Trauma and stress often make it impossible for
refugees to become self-sufficient within a short period of time (personal communication: Asian
and Pacific Islander Community Steering Committee).
Recent immigrant populations are considered vulnerable because they are most likely to practice
seafood collection, preparation and consumption habits closely resembling those in their native
country and which may contribute to increased exposures to environmental contaminants. In this
study, the Asian and Pacific Islander Community Steering Committee defined recent immigrant
populations as first or second generation inhabitants/residents of the United States. Therefore,
the A&PI communities are limited in obtaining adequate access to environmental health-related
educational materials and environmental protection. In other words, susceptible Asian and
Pacific Islander communities may be defined as a socioeconomically and socioculturally
disadvantaged population (Personal communication: Asian and Pacific Islander Community
Steering Committee).
The A&PI communities prioritized an environmental health-related agenda to understand
seafood consumption exposure risks. Many new immigrant and refugees identify fishing and
self-collection of seafood as a way to relate to homelike activity and lifestyle (Landolt et al..,
1985). Refugees and recent immigrants regard seafood harvesting as a coping mechanism to
ease the painful and difficult transition from their once familiar country to the US society and
life. For example, the Vietnamese community expresses a high obligation to harvest their own
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seafood because their origin country is surrounded by water (Personal communication: Asian
and Pacific Islander Community Steering Committee). Family gatherings over meals are an
important cultural feature of the Filipino community, and an appropriate family meal includes
one or more seafoods. Apart from A&PI's homelike lifestyle feature, seafood harvesting and
consumption is also popular because of traditional cultural practices. Traditionally, the Japanese
community prepares fresh raw seafood more popularly known as "sushi." As a way to maintain
good health and longevity, the Chinese community believes in consuming seafood more than any
other dietary source. Therefore, many years of cultural practices affecting seafood consumption
are deeply rooted and passed on from generation to generation.
Asian and Pacific Islanders collect and consume types of species different from the average
American. A study indicated that A&PIs collect seafoods comprised of 50% of non-game
invertebrates such as crabs, sea cucumbers, and snails. They collect them for subsistence (Carrey
and Kvitek, 1991). Other varieties of seafood enjoyed by the A&PIs are shellfish (clams, oyster,
limpid), seaweed, and bottomfish (Personal communication: Asian and Pacific Islander
Community Steering Committee). A&PIs tend to consume seafoods such as bottomfish and
clam which may have higher tendency to accumulate microbial and chemical contaminants. An
example of the a prevailing assumption about what are considered edible seafoods is the
Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission's Sportfishing Guidebook which excludes
many of the seafoods, such as the macoma clam, which are commonly considered edible in the
A&PI community. A list of the seafood species is included in the Appendix C, and information
is provided below.
Shellfish: it is assumed that the A&PIs consume many types of shellfish which non-Asian
populations do not commonly consider as edible, such as the macoma clam. This clam is
common and popular in the Puget Sound area and believed to be frequently collected by this
population (Personal Communication: Asian and Pacific Islander Community Steering
Committee). These clams actually ingest sediment and do not filter feed like common littleneck
(manila) clams. Therefore, consumption of a macoma clam can lead to exposure to contaminants
laden in sediments in the meat of the clam. Some shellfish recreationally collected in
Washington State were found to have excessive fecal coliform count. Currently, there are no
fecal coliform standards for self-collected shellfish meat (Faigenblum, 1988).
Snails: it was found that A&PI persons consume predatory snails collected from the Puget
Sound (Matter, 1994). Because the food of these snails include clams, oysters and/or barnacles,
contaminants may be accumulated in the body of the snail. For example, paralytic shellfish toxin
which is accumulated by filter-feeding bivalves (bivalves include clams and oysters, but not
snails) have been found in tissues of predatory snails (Wekell et al., 1996).
Sea cucumber: according to the A&PI Community Steering Committee, sea cucumber is another
favorite seafood which is heavily collected and consumed. In 1991, Kristine Gebbie, secretary of
Washington State Department of Health, sent Joseph Blum, Director of Washington State
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Department of Fisheries, a memorandum strongly recommending curtailment of harvesting sea
cucumbers due to contamination. However, this warning did not reach the A&PI community.
Crab; has a high tendency to accumulate chemical contamination. A typical cultural practice is
to consume the crabs whole including the hepatopancreas. Dioxin and furan analysis of Puget
Sound crab showed higher concentration in hepatopancreas than in leg meat,
Bottomfish: chemical contaminants in bottomfish reflect in concentration of sediments which
they live in. Due to urban runoffs and embayments, sediments are more likely to be
contaminated than distant sites. Urban fishing locations are most accessible to A&PFs since
there are high populations residing in these areas; therefore, may lead to higher consumption of
contaminated bottomftsh. Polychlorinated biphenyls and polynucelar aromatic hydrocarbons
were higher in rockfish and sole, respectively, collected near urban areas than areas farther away.
(Nicola et al., 1987; West & OTSfeill, 1995)
In urban embayments in Washington state, A&PI's comprise the majority of non-US born
seafood collectors. Species easily collected in urban embayments include all of the above
mentioned species. The A&PI Community Steering Committee has confirmed that they are
collecting those species (Soukhaphonh, 1996),
Seafood parts: the A&PIs consume many parts of the seafood as well. For example, in
American Samoa, many residents eat the entire fish, e.g., muscle, liver, and guts. Other A&PI
ethnic groups have similar cultural habits. Consumption of fish skin, fish head and cooking
water is common. Other cultural practices are that crabs are cooked whole and both leg meat and
the body contents which include the fatty liquor and the hepatopancreas are consumed. Residue
analysis of a small sample of crabs from the Puget Sound indicated that contaminants are
concentrated in the crab hepatopancreas (USEPA, 1991).
Information, such as the above lead A&PIs to become aware and concerned about seafood issues.
Currently, there is limited information on the type of seafoods and the rate of consumption
practiced by A&PIs, This study bears significance because of unique language and cultural
considerations and a community-based approach to environmental issues of concern. Phase 1
produced the following: 1) a prototype for future initiatives working with sensitive groups for
exposure and risk analysis, the first quantitative assessment offish consumption rates and habits
in the A&PI community, 2) effective risk communication methods from A&PI communities to
researchers and agencies 3) culturally sensitive and community-driven planning 4) a study tool
(i.e. a seafood consumption survey) 5) focus group testing of a study tool 6) a workplan for the
implementation of the study tool.
A majority of published fish consumption studies for harvesters are creel surveys because they
are relatively easy to perform. However, this method yields erroneous or no information for
A&PIs. The A&PI Community Steering Committee advised that a creel survey, a telephone
survey, a mail-in survey or a door to door survey are culturally inappropriate. Therefore,
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alternate means of obtaining consumption data must be employed. For instance, a creel survey
requires survey interviewers to approach anglers directly at the fishing site to questions their
consumption habits. A&PIs practice manners of privacy, indirectness, and subtlety and would
therefore politely decline to answer any questions or walk away before the interviewer ever
reached them. Also, language and literacy issues make creel surveys and mail surveys
incompatible and unfeasible considering the culture and needs of the A&PI communities.
Language barriers have been noted in a recent study (California Regional Quality Control Board,
1994). Therefore, face to face interviews given in a culturally sensitive manner are the only way
to collect reliable information.
The A&PI Community Steering Committee in this study defined a method which is culturally
sensitive and compatible with common A&PI social practice. Most A&PI persons are not
accustomed to be interviewed without an advance arrangement. Therefore, neither random door
to door interviews nor telephone interviews are not appropriate methods. A definite lack of
cultural respect is displayed if a study participant is not provided with a bilingual and bicultural
interviewer. The interviewer must be highly competent and polite in the opinion of the study
participant; therefore, adequate training of the interviewers as well as focus group testing and
pilot testing are all important. The process of the interview must include culturally important
protocol such as the exchange of appropriate greetings and, perhaps, the offering of a beverage or
snack. Study participants should also receive an appropriate form of compensation for taking
part in the study. Appropriate compensation may be a check for cash or a certificate for food
purchase, but should be determined ahead of time and presented at the conclusion of the
interview.
Various existing environmental education and protection tools and methods are available, but are
ineffective or non-existent for the A&PI communities. Warnings of environmental hazards and
education materials without cultural reference do not reach the A&PI communities. For instance,
many A&PIs are unaware of the existing environmental education materials because the
materials are inconveniently written or spoken in English only. Census data indicate that in the
King County, 39% of A&PIs cannot "perform" English very "well." For instance, American
methods such as pamphlets and notices in English language newspapers or telephone hotlines are
ineffective.
Multi-language advisory signs are also an ineffective communication tool. Puget Sound has
many fishing advisory signs posted up along lakes, rivers, beaches, docks, etc. The issue of
advisory signs are that they neglect the needs and concerns of non-US born audiences. The
A&PI Community Steering Committee and other members of the A&PI community have stated
that advisory signs can often be misunderstood and misinterpreted because 1) the signs are
perceived as a form of invitation - that the beach has plenty of seafood available because nobody
has been there, 2) there are problems with the clarity and accuracy of the translation of
multi-language signs. Oftentimes, they send mild warning messages and can be misleading and
3) not all who need to be aware are able to read.
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LONG TERM AIM OF THE STUDY (PHASE 1-3)
The long term aims of the study are to improve the overall health and well-being of A&PI
communities in the Puget Sound Region by working to:
- empower the local community to develop their own environmental justice agenda to identify,
reduce, and assess the disproportionate impact of environmental health on their community
through collaborative efforts with researchers, agencies
or other interested parties;
~ reduce the risk of disease by educating refugees and immigrants on how to reduce their
exposure to fish and seafood pollutants;
~ develop a cadre of environmentally informed refugees and immigrants familiar with all phases
of risk identification and communication; and
- set up formal and informal processes for ongoing communication between researchers,
agencies and refugee and immigrant communities.
SPECIFIC STUDY OBJECTIVES (PHASE 1-3)
~ To provide definitive scientific documentation on seafood consumption rates and exposure
risks for A&PI communities. This project is the first attempt to document consumption rate,
types of species, parts of species, and method of preparation practiced among the A&PI
population;
~ develop tools for effective risk communication on environmental justice issues between the
A&PI community, researchers, government agencies, university communities, and language
relevant groups;
~ develop culturally appropriate strategies and methods that reach sectors of a new community
and build community capacity to understand environmental justice issues; and
~ determine obstacles to communication and develop appropriate educational/communication
tools and vehicles to reach low-literacy and non-literate populations.
BENEFITS OF THE STUDY
In addition to the completion of the above mentioned objectives, this project provides the
following benefits:
~ reduce the risk of disease from environmental exposure;
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~ enhance the Refugee Federation Service Centers in-depth knowledge of environmental health
issues;
~ establish a solid means of communication and collaboration with researchers; and
- the researchers and agencies will benefit by exposure to the needs and issues of this minority
community.
PRODUCTS OF PHASE 1 (PLANNING PHASE)
Tasks completed in Phase 1 included the following, and each will be addressed in this section.
~ The community organization (Refugee Federation Services Center) hired a qualified project
coordinator who was closely tied to the local A&PI community;
~ The Project Coordinator recruited members of three volunteer committees: 1) Asian and
Pacific Islander Community Steering Committee 2) Technical Committee 3) Advisory
Committee who represent the A&PI community, technical expertise to perform a
scientifically sound study and potential stakeholders, respectively;
- The A&PI Community Steering Committee determined a culturally appropriate
method to obtain seafood consumption data from the A&PI community and the
Technical Support Committee designed a scientifically sound study method; and
~ A work plan to implement the study method was developed. This included establishing
partnership with a local university; and
~ Development of a grant proposal to complete Phase 2 and Phase 3. (This grant has received
full funding.)
Refugee Federation Service Center and Seafood Consumption Project Coordinator
The Refugee Federation Service Center (RFSC) was established in 1982 by refugees for the
provision of social services with an initial budget of $60,000. Today, the agency is a thriving
organization and operates three facilities with a budget over $1 million. The agency is managed
and staffed by refugees and remains a community-based organization through its affiliated seven
Mutual Assistance Associations (MAA): Coalition of Lao Mutual Assistance Association, East
European Association, Ethiopian Community Mutual Association, Khmer Community of
Seattle-King County, Vietnamese Friendship Association, Indochina Chinese Refugee
Association, and Eritrean Community of Seattle and Vicinity. The RFSC serves as a fiscal agent
for MAA programs funded through the City of Seattle, King County, the State and Office of
Refugee and Immigrant Assistant, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services.
In addition, it works closely with sponsoring agencies who bring refugees into this country
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(Volags). MAA's, the Refugee Federation Service Center, and Volags are members of the local
Refugee Planning Committee and responsible for the planning, design, and implementation of
refugee programs in the local area. At the national level, they attend consultation meetings
organized by the Federal Office of Refugee Resettlement in Washington, DC. The Refugee
Federation Service Center provides English as a Second Language, Vocational Exploration,
Skills Training, Job Placement Services, bilingual/bicultural case management and referral
services, etc. All services under this component provide refugees with information, skills, and
support that assist them in obtaining self-sufficiency. The majority of the services are provided
in the following languages: Amharic, Chinese, Cambodian, Lao, Mien, Somali, Russian,
Tigrigna, Polish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Spanish, Thai, Oromo, and Slovakian,
The agency's most unique aspect is that the bilingual/bicultural staff and volunteers provide
comfort that comes with speaking the native tongue and true understanding of what it means to
be a refugee and an immigrant. The staff are familiar with the difficult transition to life in the
US., culturally specific coping mechanisms, and specific concerns of their communities. In 1995
the Refugee Federation Service Center identified seafood consumption and subsequent
contamination as a chief environmental justice issues of the A&PI community.
Important characteristics of the Seafood Consumption Project Coordinator included good
speaking and presentation skills, skill in group consensus building and meeting facilitation, close
associations with the local A&PI community, being bilingual/bicultural, understanding
environmental justice issues, project management skills and ability to be a liaison between the
A&PI community and scientific experts.
The project coordinator, a third generation Japanese-American who was raised and currently
resides in an A&PI neighborhood of Seattle (King County) was hired by the RFSC as the Project
Coordinator, This person had previously worked for local political representatives of her
community, for a local environmental activist organization and had been an intern in the local
US. Environmental Protection Agency regional office. Her resume is included in the Appendix
A to this report.
In addition to the function of organizing and facilitating the various Committees' work, the
Project Coordinator personally visited local beaches to gain a better understanding of the issue.
Field work included taking photos and attempting to talk with harvesters and other individuals.
There were two key observations:
June3, 1995
Off the piers at Alki Beach, two individuals, identified as a recent refugee from Cambodia, were
interviewed. The first was fishing for salmon using a herring bait. The other fishing for sun
perch using worms. Both were very limited in English. Though the Project Coordinator posed
as a tourist, their body language conveyed that they were feeling threatened or intimidated. Just
directly across the piers are heavy industrial sites.
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June 9, 1995
Project Coordinator interviewed Paul Salon. Salon, a first generation Filipino American in his
early 80's, enjoys collecting clams to share with friends at parties and frequently sells his clams
to friends. He also sees it as a form of exercise. Also claims that clams are an excellent source
of lowering his high cholesterol level. He was mainly collecting manila clams, moon snails, and
seaweed. Preparation method is boiling and mixing his clams with dandelion leaves. Harvest
location was next to the Vashon Island ferry docks at Lincoln Park Beach.
It was also important for the Project Coordinator to disseminate information about this project.
Below is a summary of these contacts:
International Examiner: is a non-profit newspaper that provides the A&PI community news
journal biweekly. In early June 1995, the Project Coordinator was invited to a newspaper
interview regarding the Refugee Federation Service Center's seafood consumption study. The
front page article focused on how the study is community based, not government conducted.
Asian and Pacific Environmental Network (APEN): San Francisco, California based and first
organization in US to focus on A&PI environmental justice issues. Several discussions were
held with the organization. Meetings were held with the Project Coordinator about similar
projects conducted to assess and compare the relativeness of each other's projects. The Refugee
Federation Service Center and APEN have established a strong ongoing communication and
partnership.
The Seattle Times: Seattle, Washington's most widely read newspaper contacted the Project
Coordinator to do a story on the seafood consumption study in June 1995. At the time, the study
was picking up momentum, so an interview was not conducted. The newspaper heard about the
study through the International Examiner story coverage.
President's Commission on Risk Assessment: in early July 1995, testimony was provided to the
President's Commission on Risk Assessment. Project Coordinator spoke to delegates and
audience of the commission to present the significance and demand of the seafood consumption
study of A&PI. This information was included in the Commission's report (Commission on risk
Assessment and Risk Management, 1996).
In late January, a meeting with Steven Gilbert, Ph.D. and Virginia McFerran (Environmental
Health Department within the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) was held to
discuss a partnership to address a U.S.EPA University/Community Partnership grant
opportunity. A Memorandum of Agreement was established and it was decided that the
University of Washington would subcontract the award to the Refugee Federation Service
Center, if award is granted. The amount of $201,000 has been requested. This grant has been
fully funded
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Leadership Tomorrow (LT): an organization comprised of professionals and business leaders
whose goal is to give back to the community through volunteerism. Their theme this year was
environmental equity. In March, Laura Walker (Walker Company) and Phyllis Alleyne (King
County) conducted a needs assessment with agencies currently serving specific immigrant
communities to develop an understanding of environmental related issues and activities and link
those agencies with People for Puget Sound. Their main goals was to develop collaborative
approaches to developing environmental awareness of sources in the region. The A&PI Seafood
Consumption Study intrigued the Leadership Tomorrow and recruited Project Coordinator to do
a presentation which they were organizing for May 17, 1996.
The goal of the forum was to exchange ideas on how to raise environmental awareness in the
community. Two key speakers were Pam Johnson (People for Puget Sound) and Connie Nakano
(Project Coordinator, Refugee Federation Service Center). Audience was impressed and amazed
with the community based structure which makes the seafood study so successful. Not only is it
community based, but the Refugee Federation Service Center have developed strong partnerships
with government agencies, community organizations, medical professionals, and others. Those
who attended were still thinking about putting advisory signs and translating them into several
languages. Project Coordinator explained the reasons why those methods are ineffective. The
presentation was so successful that LT requested copies of the Project Coordinator's presentation
notes.
Community Coalition for Environmental Justice: is a Seattle based non-profit environmental
organization. Allen Forsberg, Program Coordinator, called to schedule a meeting to learn more
about the seafood consumption study and community based structure. Main question he is
interested in is "how to develop a culturally appropriate curriculum and environmental awareness
activities." Forsberg interviewed the Project Coordinator to write an article in their newsletter in
July 1996.
Puget Soundkeepers Alliance: The Project Coordinator reviewed a Tagalog language video at
the request of the Puget Soundkeeper's Alliance and discussions were initiated regarding how
this non-A&PI organization and the A&PI community can coordinate and enhance each other's
activities.
US EPA Symposium on Susceptibility and Risk, Durham, North Carolina; Refugee Federation
Service Center was invited to present a poster, titled the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood
Consumption Study at the forum. The forum was originally scheduled for February 1996, it is
rescheduled for September 1996.
Forming of the Committees
In Phase 1 of this project, the Refugee Federation Service Center, a community-based
organization, has accomplished substantial amount of work toward developing a work plan and
study tool for the A&PI Seafood Consumption Study. Funding provided by the Region 10 office
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of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S.EPA Office of Emergency Response
and Remediation supported Phase 1 of this project. The planning operation encompassed the
recruitment, establishment, and staffing of three committees: a) A&PI Community Steering
Committee b) Technical Committee c) Advisory Committee. See Appendix A for details on
committee function and membership.
The Project Coordinator was responsible for facilitating and maintaining written records of each
committee meeting. The Project Coordinator also served as a liaison between the three
committees to ensure that the study's goals and objectives are developed and designed. The
study, which targets ten A&PI communities, derived its support from various active community
organizations, such as the Vietnamese Friendship Association, Khmer Community of King
County, Indochinese Refugee Association, as well as through linkages with traditional A&PI
communities (i.e. Filipino, Samoan, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese),
The Committees include high ranking experts from US Environmental Protection Agency,
University of Washington Fisheries, WA Department of Health, WA Department of
Epidemiology, WA Department of Toxics Substance, WA Department of Ecology, The Boeing
Company, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, First Hill Clinic and Seattle/King
County METROPOLITAN. Please see Appendices A and D for a list of the impressive array of
experts committed to this project and selected resumes.
Committee Meetings
To meet the A&PI's goals and objectives, each committee meet on a regular basis for a total of
over 20 meetings:
Community Steering Committee
1) 7/1/95 2) 8/21/95 3) 8/28/95 4) 9/25/95 5) 10/19/95 6) 11/13/95 7)
12/13/95 8) 1/22/96 9) 2/21/96
Technical Committee
1) 8/14/95 2) 9/11/95 3) 10/30/95 4) 11/29/95 5) 1/10/96 6) 1/31/96
7) 2/28/96
Advisory Committee
1) 9/18/95 2) 10/24/95 3) 12/11/95 4) 1/29/96
The outcome of these meetings was to develop solid working relationships, gain respect for each
others expertise and knowledge, and develop an agreed upon work plan.
The composition of the Community Steering Committee is multi-ethnic. The study targets ten
A&PI communities, therefore, the committee reflects the target population. The committee
involves members of the Japanese, Filipino, Chinese, Samoan, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Lao
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(Mien and Hmong), and Korean communities. Ten communities were selected because they
wanted to be involved in this project and no single ethnic group could be identified that was
more affected or more concerned than the others.
The A&PI Community Steering Committee determined the manner in which the other two
committees could help this project by developing the following mission statement for this
project:
"The seafood consumption study is a community based project, planned and
carried out by the A&PI communities. The project's goals and objectives will be
developed by an A&PI Community Steering Committee with feedback and the
help of the Technical Committee and Advisory Committee. The project's goals
should reflect the interests and concerns of the A&PI communities. Goals and
objectives that do not reflect the interests of the majority of A&PI committee
members are in conflict with the project's purpose to be a community based
project."
The A&PI Community Steering Committee determined the manner in which the other two
committees could help this project by developing the description of responsibilities for each of
the committees.
Members of all the Committees were volunteers, and many hours of hard work were contributed
to this project by everyone over many months. Consistent participation by these volunteers
demonstrated the high level of concern for this issue and interest in accomplishing the seafood
consumption study.
The Project Coordinator and the statistician were the only paid positions in this study. It was
very important to have the statistician participate throughout the design of the study. Both the
A&PI Community Steering Committee and the Technical Committee needed clarification of
statistical constraints while developing the hypothesis, goals and questionnaire for the study.
The interactions of all the groups is illustrated in Figure 2.
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Figure 2. Model and Concept of the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Basic Principle: Accurate exposure information can only be obtained through
a community-centered approach
Phase 1: Planning
Asian & Pacific islander
Steering Committee
Technical Committee
Advisory Committee
Coordinator », * r Statistician
Outcomes
Prototype for effctive communication from A & Pi Community to agencies and others
Study design based on A & Pi community goals
Culturally appropriate study approach and study tools
Focus test of study tool
Statement of work -for Phase 2
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study
14
EPA910/R-96/Q07
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Planning Committees and Individuals
US EPA Intern
Refugee Federation Service Center worked with an intern from the Regin 10 U.S.EPA office to
assist the part-time study coordinators move the project forward. The intern tasks included
mobilizing committees, conducting outreach, and conducting meetings. The intern was later
hired by the RFSC to take over as the full-time project coordinator upon completion of the
internship. Length of internship was two and a half months.
Project Coordinator
The coordinator, Connie Nakano, was responsible for the overall management of the study.
Tasks included: 1) being the chief liaison, coordinator, and direct community contact between
the A&PI communities and all involved parties (i.e. Technical, Advisory, and Community
Steering Committees) ; 2) hire, train, and supervise contract employees (i.e. study consultants,
statisticians, focus group members, and translators) 3) prepare for and supervise the
questionnaire implementation in Phase 2 and write the final study report. See appendix for
resume.
Asian and Pacific Islander Community Steering Committee
The Community Steering Committee is responsible and committed 1) to provide the necessary
cultural elements and approaches (i.e. language and ethnicity issues) to the development of the
study 2) provide community contacts which will enable networking and outreach efforts 3) meet
on a monthly basis, or as needed. Each member of the committee is affiliated with their
respective ethnic community. The A&PI communities feel they are connected, understood, and
share common barriers, such as language and ethnicity.
Technical Committee
The Technical Committee is responsible for the following: 1) design of a scientifically sound
questionnaire while taking into account the cultural and language characteristics identified by the
Community Steering Committee 2) provide technical assistance and methodology to the
Community Steering Committee for the feasibility and planning of the study 3) meet monthly.
The majority of members are survey experts and provide extensive fish consumption study
experience to the seafood consumption study.
Advisory Committee
The Advisory Committee is comprised of industry, health care, and regulatory representatives
with awareness of or interest in A&PIs. They provide recommendations to ensure the final
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scientific documentation can be applied toward their respective industry, business, medical field,
and regulatory agency.
Statisticians
The statistician team (Drs. Shiquan Liao and Nayak L, Polissar) consult on the data analysis
content and procedures of the study. Main areas such as the sampling plan, data analysis,
attending monthly meetings with the Community Steering Committee, and writing statistical
sections of reports were their responsibilities. The team previously provided statistical
consultation on the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Fish Consumption Study, See appendix for
curriculum vitae.
Study Consultants
Kelly Toy and Gillian Mittelstaedt consulted on the design, development, strategy, and methods
of the questionnaire. Kelly Toy also consulted on the development and implementation of the
seafood models. Both study consultants were Project Coordinators of the Tulalip and Squaxin
Island Fish Consumption Study (Toy et al., 1996). See Appendix A for resume.
Translators
The translator tasks were to translate the questionnaire developed and designed by the three key
committees (i.e. Community Steering, Technical, and Advisory Committees) into 9 targeted
languages. There was one translator for each language. After its translation, a Focus Group
reviewed the materials for translation accuracy, cultural appropriateness, and clarity of questions.
Focus Group
The goal of the Focus Group was to review the translation accuracy, cultural appropriateness,
and clarity of the questions in the questionnaire. Focus Group composed of 6 individuals
(Cambodian, Lao, Samoan, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese); one for each of the represented ethnic
communities. Representatives from the Mien, Hmong, Chinese, and Japanese were unavailable.
For explanation, please see "Lessons Learned."
Development of the Study Tool
A scientifically sound and culturally appropriate questionnaire was developed by the A&PI
Community Steering Committee, Technical Committee, and Advisory Committee. The
questionnaire was developed by all committees by meeting on a monthly basis. The Tulalip and
Squaxin Island Fish Consumption Study was used as a model to develop the RFSC's study tool
(Toy et. al., 1996). Please see Appendices I through R for versions of English and translated
questionnaires.
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The Community Steering Committee also considered the target audience for the study's results.
Upon public release of the final seafood consumption study documents, the results will be
available to all interested agencies. The study will be available to the A&PI communities,
government agencies responsible for public health protection, researchers, universities, and the
public. The results will provide essential information to target groups, as well as improve the
ability to communicate relevant health related information.
Statement of Hypothesis
While the study wilt provide many kinds of data, the key hypothesis developed by the A&PI
Community Steering Committee to be tested is that King County A&PI communities consume
more seafood (both self-collected and purchased) than the typically expected amount of 6.5
grams per day. Consumption of 6.5 grams per day is the default assumption used to develop
human health ambient water quality criteria under the Clean Water Act (U.S.EPA, 1980). This
rate is estimated for the general population across the United States and does not take into
consideration the dietary and cultural difference among different ethnic populations. In the
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study, we will compare the study results to test whether the seafood
consumption rate for A&PI communities as a whole in King County is greater than 6.5 grams per
day. In 1996, revisions to the human health methodology for developing ambient water quality
criteria are being considered. If proposed or final revisions are available during the data analyses
in Phase 2, it will also be tested whether the A&PI consumption rate is greater than the revised
default value for the typical person.
Also, we will test to see whether different ethnic groups in the A&PI communities have different
seafood consumption rates for those ethnic groups with more than twenty respondents (expected
to be Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese, and possibly Korean),
Target Population of Study
The Committees cooperatively decided the following attributes of the target population for this
study. A unique feature is that the ten largest A&PI groups are included. The cultural
considerations in this choice are discussed in the Lessons Learned section. This choice
represents the consensus of the A&PI community and while it presents statistical challenges it
may also present the future opportunity to develop hypotheses about the seafood consumption
patterns of other diverse A&PI communities. The target population are as follows:
Must be Lao, Mien, Hmong, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Chinese, Korean,
Japanese, Filipino, or Samoan. These are the ten largest A&PI ethnic groups in
Washington state.
Must be a first or second generation US resident or inhabitant.
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Must be residents or King County, which has the largest A&P! population in
Washington State.
Must be seafood consumers; the percent of non-consumers will also be tabulated,
but non-consumers will not be included in general consumption rates.
Participants must be 18 years of age or older due to 1) access through guardians
2) less accuracy from children or care takers 3) transportation problems.
After deciding that a face-to-face interview was the only way to obtain reliable information, The
A&PI Community Steering Committee reviewed the questionnaire used in the Tulalip and
Squaxin Island Native American Fish Consumption study. The A&PI Community Steering
Committee decided that this questionnaire was a good tool to start with because these Native
American tribes are also located along the Puget Sound in the state of Washington, have similar
concerns about contaminated seafoods and have successfully used this tool in a study of their
own (Toy et. al., 1996). Modifications to enhance the cultural relevance and address the A&PI
community's hypothesis were made by the Committees in Phase 1.
The 200 sample size will be proportionally allocated to each of the ten ethnic groups based on
the percentage of the population size of each group. It is anticipated that some of the ethnic
groups (for example, Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) will have sufficient
number of respondents for ad hoc analysis within each group. If the result of this study indicates
significant difference in terms of seafood consumption among ethnic groups, future in-depth
studies may be planned for those ethnic group or groups within the community of A&PIs,
However, such in-depth studies are beyond the scope of this study and it is left for future
discussion.
Questionnaire
The questionnaire was designed to focus on the frequency (number of seafood meals consumed
per day, per week, per month or year, over the period of one year) and portion size of each meal.
Respondents will be asked to consider the seasonal variations in seafood consumption: in season
(fresh) or out of season (frozen). The questionnaire will distinguish between self-collected and
purchased seafoods.
There are 43 different seafoods included in the questionnaire. Seafoods are divided into the
following categories: A-anadromous, B-pelagic, C-freshwater, D-bottom, E-sheHfish, and
F-plants, Grouping of seafood species was based on their life history and distribution within the
water column.
RFSC hired translators to translate the English version of the questionnaire into 9 languages.
The questionnaire, however, was not translated to Japanese, The recruitment of the three
positions was aided by the Community Steering Committee and included announcing job
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positions in local A&PI newspapers and social service organizations around King County (see
Appendix G). There was one translator for each language. After its translation, a Focus group
reviewed the materials for translation accuracy, cultural appropriateness, and clarity of questions.
Correspondingly, the Focus Group comprised of nine individuals; one for each of the represented
ethnic communities. An additional task of the translators was to conduct an interview/test with
Focus Group members to discuss specific issues and parts of the draft questionnaire. The
questionnaire was revised based on the recommendations provided by the Focus Group.
Translators worked one on one with the appropriate Focus Group members. Please see
Appendix B for Focus Group evaluation questionnaires and Appendices 1 through R for
translated and English questionnaires.
Some segments of the A&PI community, such as the Mien and Hmong have a written language
of which only a small portion of the population is aware; therefore, the production of bilingual
written materials may be inappropriate. Instead, communication tools such as video or slide
productions are more appropriate and will be used in this study.
The questionnaire was not translated to Japanese because of budget constraints. The decision
was left up to the Community Steering Committee. Their assessment was based upon the
observation, knowledge, and experience within the A&PI community. They felt that the
Japanese community were not a priority community with language barriers or issues. Seafood
consumption was not a factor in determining whether or not to translate and Focus Group test the
Japanese community.
Each translator was allowed two weeks to translate the 19 page questionnaire. There were nine
translators, one from each ethnic population. Translators were recruited directly from the local
A&PI community. Initially, all translators were required to participate in the Focus Group
testing; however, because of time constraints the Mien, Hmong and Chinese translators were not
available for Focus Group testing.
Sampling Procedure
Asian and Pacific Islanders consist of approximately 5% of the King County population. There
is no sampling frame for this population. A probability sampling scheme prohibitively
expensive. However, non-probability sampling has been successfully used in a number of fish
consumption surveys (Landolt, et al., 1985; McCallum, 1985; Pierce, et al., 1981). Most of these
studies used the method of "creel surveys" obtained by interviewing people fishing at public
locations. Our survey will be a random sample from volunteers and persons listed on ethnic
community rosters. Thus, it will be closer to a community sample than the creel surveys. The
statistical analysis can be carried out in the usual manner with means, medians, confidence
intervals, standard deviations, and standard errors. However, inference to the source population
is less clear than in a community-wide probability sampling situation. There is potential bias in
the estimates. The bias can partially be controlled by statistical methods: 1) from among the
volunteers and names listed on rosters select a sample that reflects the age, gender and ethnic
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composition of these ethnic groups in King county; 2) statistically model the influence of
covariates on the consumption rate and use such covariates (for example, income) to adjust the
estimated consumption rates to reflect a population profile that is more similar to that in the
entire county. While this survey does not allow direct inference to the source population as a
probability-based sampling scheme, it is far superior to the complete lack of information which is
the present status of this community.
The sample will be collected from volunteers recruited through flyers at community locations
with a high traffic or usage by the specific ethnic groups, as well as by drawing from rosters of
these ethnic groups retained by churches, refugee organizations and ethnic community
organizations (see Appendix H). We anticipate that the combination of volunteers and the partial
rosters will have a fair coverage of the target population and the combined list of such
individuals will be considerably larger than the sample size for this study. We will randomly
select from the 1) group of volunteers and 2) the group of rostered individuals (50% for each
source). Thus we will also compare selected individuals drawn from rosters with those drawn
from the volunteer list. If there is agreement between the consumption rates for these two
groups, then we will have greater confidence that the estimated consumption rates for the source
population are unbiased or biased in the same direction,
In summary, confidence intervals, standard errors and other inferential statistics will be
developed, and hypothesis tests will be carried out, but these will always need to bear the caveat
that the population represented by the sample is only an approximation to the population of
ultimate interest. The selected sample will be screened for inclusion requiring that: 1) they
consume at least some form of one of the fish species of interest, and 2) they fit the demographic
profile for the sample and as selection proceeds, increasingly stringent requirements will be set in
order to match the demographic profile of the ethnic groups in the county population. Ethnic
groups will be considered based on the ten ethnic groups which are targeted in the study, which
was determined by the Community Steering Committee. For a list of requirements to be selected
to participate in the study, please see section titled Target Population of Study.
Focus Group Testing
Through the week of April 29-May 3,1996, Focus Group sessions took place for the following
ethnic communities: Korean, Samoan, Filipino, Cambodian, Vietnamese, and Lao. Focus
Groups were critical in reviewing and assessing the content, format, cultural elements, and
effectiveness of seafood visual aids. Actual seafood models were unavailable. All Focus Group
testings occurred at the Refugee Federation Service Center, The one on one sessions lasted
between 2.5-3 hours. Morning and afternoon sessions were available. Translators were paired
with a Focus Group member of the same ethnic community to conduct a practice interview. The
goal of the session was to result with a final draft questionnaire product that is scientifically
sound, culturally appropriate, and approved by the representative community member
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Half of the sessions involved reviewing, correcting, and recommending changes and additions to
the questionnaire. The second half involved conducting a one on one practice interview
implementing the visual aids and recommendations. The final tasks required the translator and
Focus Group member to complete a written evaluation form to critique the resulting
questionnaire (see Appendix B). Discussions followed if necessary,
Focus Group Results
The first group was the Korean community. Recommendations and comments generated during
session are the following;
-Problems in accurately translating the names of species in Korean language;
-Difficult to reach consumption chart such as the one on page 3 of the questionnaire. Interviewer
and interviewee confused to how to answer the questions;
-Korean translations were fine-tuned to read more smoothly;
-Under the questions asking how individuals prepare seafoods - suggested "marinate" to be
included;
-Questions relating to individual's income - are we asking for gross or net income?
Overall, the questionnaire was rated as excellent. The language, translation, questions, and
format are excellent.
Samoan
-Consumption chart on page 14 asks if the species are consumed whole, whole with stomach
removed, etc. -commented that "whole" literally implies the entire clam (shell included) - change
to "whole meat;1'
-Income questions are too personal - what is the relevancy of asking it;
-Location questions on page 4 (no. 2 & 3) should include Puget Sound, surrounding lakes, salt
water, freshwater, etc. - should be specific as possible;
-The map used during the Focus Group did not include Whidbey Island - during actual interview,
Whidbey Island and wider Puget Sound should be included.
Questionnaire is rated excellent, although interview's directions are too lengthy at times.
Lao
Comments and recommendations were very few. Focus Group session took the shortest time
among the ethnic communities. Page 10, no. D3 should add a Lao cultural preparation method -
uncooked salad. The questionnaire is excellent.
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Vietnamese
Two Focus Group members and one translator participated in the Focus Group Testing,
Community Steering Committee advised that cultural and language elements are strict and
should be examined very closely. The names of species are complicated to translate to
Vietnamese language. Also, the group had difficulty in identifying the species, even though
actual models of clams and fish were provided. For instance, in Vietnam, the cockle shells are
half of the size of the ones collected in Puget Sound. The group avoided to quickly respond to
consuming such seafood because they look unfamiliar. This may become a problem during the
actual questionnaire implementation; may lead to inaccurate data. The evaluation forms which
the group completed at the end of session may also be inaccurate because they all responded
similarly; they may have shared their responses.
Cambodian
According to the translator, the questionnaire was difficult to translate because many of the
species asked are unfamiliar to Cambodia and its culture. Many times, the English words remain
as a substitute; it should not be a problem if the seafood models are used. Overall, the
questionnaire was rated excellent and no other major problems
Filipino
Focus Group testing was very useful in this case because there needed to be lot of translation
adjustments and corrections. The questionnaire is translated into Tagalog. However, because the
Illocano is the translator's first dialect, the Tagalog translation was inaccurate at times. The same
issue of having difficulty in translating some names of species to Tagalog occurred. Species
were left in English.
Focus Group testings were not conducted on Mien, Hmong, Chinese, and Japanese communities.
For explanation, please see "Lessons Learned."
CONDUCTING THE PHASE 2 STUDY
Workplan
Phase 2 Specific Objectives
~ Implement seafood consumption survey
~ Construct working relationships and structures between community members and researchers
- Analyze data results
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- Produce draft scientific documentation
~ Production of final scientific documentation
- Circulate scientific documentation
Target Population and coverage
The ethnic groups listed in the Target Population of Study section under the Development of
Study Tool section of this proposal are the largest A&PI communities in Washington State. All
participants of the study must reside within King County, Washington. The study participants
must be seafood consumers; the percent of non-consumers will also be tabulated, but
non-consumers will not be included in the general consumption rates. Participants must be 18
years of age or older. Ethnic population totals (all ages) for King County from the 1990 Census
are: Chinese 25,710; Filipino 24,558; Japanese, 11,030; Cambodian, 4,983; Lao, 4,328; Samoan,
2,251; totaling 72,860.
Sample Size and Precision
The sample is not strictly a random sample as discussed above. However, the notions of
precision and width of confidence intervals related to probability samples can be used as a guide
for sample size. The driving factor in sample size precision is the standard deviation of the
response. We note that in a number of previous surveys (those from the references cited above) a
standard deviation on a logarithmic scale implied by 5th and 95th percentiles reported in each of
the studies was quite constant: 1.02-1.22. In calculating the sample size, we use a standard
deviation of 1.15 log scale as a guide for sample size. Our goal will be to interview 200
individuals, justified as follows: a sample size of 200 and a logarithmic standard deviation of
1.15 yields an expected width of a 95% confidence interval of+/- 17% of the mean. This is
moderate precision and acceptable, given the resources available. In order to interview 200
respondents, we will need to contact 268 individuals, allowing for a 20% non-response rate and a
5% missing data rate for interview individuals.
Pilot test
A Pilot test will be carried out to provide feedback on the questionnaire, interviewing procedures
and effectiveness of the display models, photos and maps. Please see the Display Models section
for more information.
We will select 10 respondents (with at least one from each ethnic group). Pilot test results will
not be included in the final analysis. The pilot test members will be selected from the list of
volunteers and rosters in order to give the questionnaire a 'workout' in encountering a number of
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situations that may occur in practice. The pilot sample will consist of the following
representation: (one person may satisfy more than one requirement)
~ At least one member of each ethnic group
- At least one person from each of the age groups 18-39,40-64,65+
~ Approximately one-half males and one-half females
~ At least 3 members each of first and second generation
~ At least 2 people for whom fishing or collecting is a major source of seafood consumption
Following the field pilot test, the questionnaire will be revised and re-translated, if needed, based
on feedback from the interviewers. The revised questionnaire will be used in the final study.
Data Collection Method
A letter announcing participant selection will be sent out at least 2 months prior to the actual
interview. After the notices have been sent, interviewers will conduct follow-up telephone calls
to screen candidates. If candidates meet the study targeted population criteria, interviewers will
schedule appointments. Face-to-face interviews will be conducted. Interviews will take place at
several convenient community locations chosen by the survey participant (respondent's
residences, churches, agencies, etc.) within King County, Washington and conducted by trained
interviewers who are fluent in English and one of the targeted ethnic languages. The interviewer
will read from the translated questionnaire and record the participant's answers. The completed
questionnaire will be reviewed by the Project Coordinator and feedback will be provided
frequently to the interviewers to maintain a high level of quality. The interview is expected to
take 5-60 minutes. The appropriate compensation for taking part in the study is a check for cash
or a certificate for food purchase and will be presented at the conclusion of the interview.
Interviewers and training
The qualifications of each interviewer is critical to the study. All interviewers must have strong
bilingual and bicultural capabilities. Training will consist of extensive review of the
questionnaire and training given by a qualified individual. The Trainer will frequently consult
with the Technical and Advisory committee members to ensure adequate understanding of the
scope and nature of the project and data collection procedures. Finally, a series of mock training
interviews to ensure accurate and standardized data collection procedures.
Quality Control
In addition to the double key-entry, data will be subject to on-screen edit checks (within field
checks for values in the possible range during data entry and between-field checks for impossible
relationships). 10% of the respondents will be re-interviewed either in person or by telephone on
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a subset of the questions by an interviewers other than the original interviewer. In addition, the
data will be reviewed for plausibility during data analysis (yielding detection of outliers and
unusual results).
Data Analyses and Statistical Procedures
As discussed in the Statement of Hypothesis section, the default rate of seafood consumption is
6.5grams/day (U.S.EPA, 1980; Javitz, 1980). However, this rate was estimated for the general
population across the United States and the study design did not take into consideration the
imortance culture features of ethnic populations. Studies on minority populations in the Pacific
Northwest found that they consume more seafood than the default value of 6,5 grams/day
(CRITFC, 1994; Toy, et al., 1996). In this study of A&PI seafood consumption, we will
compare the study result and test whether the seafood consumption rate for A&PI communities
as a whole in King County is greater than 6.5 gram/day. If available, the revised default rate for
the typical person will also be tested.
We will carry out tests to determine if different ethnic groups in the A&PI communities have
different seafood consumption rates and compare the difference in consumption rates for those
ethnic groups with more than 20 respondents (expected to be Chinese, Japanese, Filipino,
Vietnamese, and possibly Korean).
Descriptive statistics calculated from this self-weighting sample will be the mean, median, and
5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of consumption. The consumption will be expressed as
grams/kilogram of body weight/day. 95% confidence intervals for the mean consumption rate
(subject to the interpretation noted above) will be calculated based on t-statistics. We expect that
the data will be lognormally distributed, as has been found in previous surveys, and analysis will
be typically carried out on logarithmically transformed data.
Consumption rates for the combined group will be presented by age, gender, and income group.
We will build a multivariate model for fish consumption using these covariates along with
ethnicity and any other key variables. During the sampling procedure we will control for age,
gender, and ethnicity in sampling to create a sample that is similar in profile to the relevant King
County ethnic population. We will not be able to control for income during the sampling. The
multivariate model may help to adjust for income and other factors that may affect consumption
rates.
Results of the survey will be presented in tabular and graphical form. The tabular results will
include the mean, median, percentile, standard deviation, standard error and confidence intervals
for the whole group and subgroups noted above. Graphical displays will include histograms of
fish consumption as well as box plots when consumption is compared across subgroups.
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In summary, statistical analysis will produce, per ethnic group with at least 20 members;
~ mean, median, standard error of the means, and percentiles offish consumption
~ confidence intervals for the mean
For combined ethnic groups:
~ mean, median, standard deviation, standard error of the means, and percentiles of consumption
rates
~ confidence intervals for the mean
-- consumption rates by age, gender, and income
~ test of the hypothesis that consumption rate = 6,5grams/day
~ test of hypothesis that all ethnic groups have the same consumption rate
~ multivariate model for consumption rate
- model-based estimated consumption rate adjusted for important covariates
Display Models
A workshop was held with the Project Coordinator of the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Fish
Consumption Study, to demonstrate the making of the seafood models with the Community
Steering Committee. The workshop lasted for two and a half hours.
Physical display models will be used to aid the study respondents in identifying and estimating
the amounts of seafood consumed. Physical display models will include the following uncooded
seafoods: salmon, herring, tilapia, perch, crab, sea urchin, sea cucumber, seaweed, kelp, moon
snail, abalone, shrimp, mussels, oysters, scallops, cockles, macoma clams, razor clams, horse
clams, butter clams, manila clam, and littleneck clams, A surrogate model for the geoduck and
lobster will be used. The horse clam model, which resembles a young geoduck clam will be used
as the geoduck model. The shrimp model will be used as a lobster model. There will be no
bullfrog model. A list of seafood species is included in Appendix C. There will be two types of
physical display fish models. One is a fillet and the other is a bowl of chopped/minced fish. It
would be weighed at 4 ounces. The models will aid the study respondents in identifying the
amount offish used in cooking or preparation.
In the Pilot Test, the effectiveness of the display models will be evaluated. It will be determined
whether the models are correctly recognized for what they represent and whether using uncooked
examples (instead of cooked) are the best to aid participants judge amounts consumed.
Fish models
A one pound salmon fish fillet will be weighed and measured using a food scale and calipers.
The fish fillet will be created by wrapping a fish fillet in cellophane and cameo plaster wrap and
applying it to the fish to create a mold. When the mold hardens, the fish will be removed. The
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mold will then be filled with a plaster mixture and allowed to dry. After drying, the mold will be
painted to resemble a salmon fillet. The salmon fillet is used for all fish models except for
herring, tilapia, and perch. The same process will be used to create the other fish models.
Excluding the salmon fillet, alt models will be weighed in grams with a beam balance.
Shellfish models
Scallops, mussels, sea cucumber, sea urchin, oysters, squid, shrimp, and crab models will be
obtained at a grocery store, Abalone, moon snail, macoma clams, cockles, razor clams, manila,
littleneck, seaweed, kelp, butter and horse clams will be collected at a local beach in the Puget
Sound area of Seattle, Washington. Meat will be removed and shells will be glued together and
mounted on foam core board. A single estimate of meat weight for each species was determined
by weighing the most common parts eaten. Average meat weight for mussels, manila and
littleneck clams were determined by measuring the average length of all collected animals and
comparing it with the meat weight of animals of that size. Six clams or six mussels will be
considered one portion size. Interview technicians will show four portions of clams and three
portions of mussels when conducting the interview. Fresh crab and squid will be kept frozen
until needed by the interviewers.
Use of Photographs
Photographs will also accompany all seafood models to identify the specific seafood. For several
A&PI populations, they do not identify certain seafood by a particular name. For instance, clams
such as butter clam and razor clam may not be broken down into specific names by the A&PI
consumer.
Use of Maps
Maps will be used during the interview so study respondents can determine whether they collect
their seafood within the Puget Sound. Many respondents will not know what body of water they
collect from without a visual aid to help them locate their usual site of collection.
LESSONS LEARNED (TRIUMPHS AND CHALLENGES)
One of the challenges of this project was developing linkages within all A&PI communities and
involving all ten targeted communities to develop a feasible and focused study. This challenge
required considerable outreach, planning, and networking which was accomplished through trust
with the community members. Within the A&PI Community Steering Committee, ten targeted
communities are involved in developing a culturally relevant study. It is especially a challenge
because not all A&PI communities think and operate alike. Therefore, the Community Steering
Committee employed a "consensus" form of decision-making, requiring all members on the
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study 27 EPA^lO/R-96/007
-------
committee to come to 100% agreement in order for any decisions to pass. Community Steering
Committee developed a consensus among all members about plausible approaches. Decisions
were built upon existing expertise and knowledge within the community.
The A&PI Seafood Consumption Study Phase 1 took a long time to complete because when the
study first took off, the Refugee Federation Service Center only had a part time project
coordinator. The study began to pick up momentum once a full time coordinator was hired. It
was found that a considerable amount of personal contact was needed in order to recruit and
coordinate with the Community Steering Committee.
The Community Steering Committee felt comfortable with the Project Coordinator because she
understood and identified with the issues and concerns of the A&PI communities. Phase 1 was
successful because the Project Coordinator was a recognized member of the local A&PI
community. Early unsuccessful attempts to make contacts with the A&PI community included a
Filipino-American who was technically skilled but not connected with the local A&PI
community, then a Caucasian who was involved and well known to the local A&PI community.
The statistician for this project was Chinese American. The Community Steering Committee
trusted and would listen to the statistician. He was invited to all the monthly Community
Steering Committee meetings. His involvement with the Community Steering Committee was
very important because the Community Steering Committee's concepts sometimes challenged the
study design.
Another challenge encountered was that the environmental movement is new to the Seattle area
A&PI community. When considering the refugee and immigrant communities, environmental
issues are thought about only after housing, employment, language, and cultural shock have been
addressed. The A&PI community did not know that they could do anything about their
environment and were enthusiastic when they understood they could.
As mentioned earlier, Focus Group testings were not conducted for Mien, Hmong, Chinese, and
Japanese communities. Translation nor Focus Group testing was conducted for the Japanese
community. For an explanation, please see "Target Population of Study." The following are the
reasons why Mien, Hmong, and Chinese were not Focus Group tested: low Focus Group wage;
limited work hours; and inconvenient work hours. The Focus Group wage was $8 an hour for
three hours of work (a total of $24). Focus Group occurred during the hours of 9-5 PM on
weekdays. Many participants were interested and given the option of attending the morning or
afternoon session. Nevertheless, the hours were inconvenient because most were employed and
were unable to take time off of their jobs. For those who were interested and unemployed felt
that $8 an hour was not appealing or worth their time for a limited three hour job offer. Finally,
there were individuals who have previously translated and participated on Focus Groups who felt
that this type of job demanded a much higher wage
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study 28 EPA 9IG/R-96/QG7
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THE FUTURE: NEXT STEPS
Community/University Partnership
In order to implement the study method designed in Phase 1, the Refugee Federation Service
Center and the University of Washington, Department of Environmental Health developed a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) to explain the responsibilities and tasks required from the
two agencies. Both agencies have agreed to conduct research to understand and communicate
seafood consumption risk to the A&PI communities. The MOA is effective during Phase 2 and
Phase 3. A copy of the MOA is included in the Appendix E.
Phase 3 - Communication/Outreach
Future plans for the study includes an educational/awareness curriculum. This third and final
phase unites the study plan, community input, and science to produce the educational tools and
teaching efforts of the community and university team.
Phase 3 Objectives
~ Plan, develop, draft educational/communication tool based on scientific documentation
~ Build relationships between research scientists and community members
~ Conduct assessment of educational/communication tool
- Circulate educational/communication tool
~ Evaluate whether the project goals were met
Education/Communication Tools
Slide show tool: A&PI communities advocate the development and design of a culturally
appropriate slide show tool as an effective and appropriate educational module because a slide
show tool can reach populations with low or no literacy. Some segments of the A&PI
community, such as the Mien and Hmong have a written language of which only a small portion
of the population is aware; therefore, the production of bilingual written materials may be
inappropriate. The slide show will be available to government agencies and other community
groups as well.
Development of educational tool - planning and designing: The design and planning of the
informational slide show tool will include participation from the intended population, the A&PIs,
and environmental research scientists. Members who served on Phase 1 "s A&PI Community
Steering Committee will staff Phase 3's educational planning committee. University of
Washington communication experts will work directly with the community (Community
Steering Committee) to recognize issues related to seafood gathering and consumption among
A&PIs. Facilitation of the educational planning tool will depend on the results of the Seafood
Consumption questionnaire, implemented in Phase 2. A draft of the slide presentation will be
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study 29EPA 910/R-96/OQ7
-------
routed to local A&PI health clinics, educational institutions, hospitals, social service agencies,
and churches appropriateness. The Community Steering Committee and University of
Washington researchers will modify the tool according to the responses from the testing agencies
- refer to previous "Lessons Learned", as described earlier.
Scientific documentation: The documentation will act as an educational tool, but will target
regulatory agencies, university researchers, risk assessors, and other professionals. It will
include findings on consumption rates, species types, parts of species, and methods of
preparation. This documentation will be distributed by means of the Internet and hard copy.
Proposed Schedule
The following details a month by month outline of activities foreseen for Phase 2 and 3.
Months 1 -4
~ Recruit and hire interviewers from the A&PI community
~- Recruit researchers from the University of Washington for Technical Committee
- Mail letters and post fliers to recruit sample selection
~ Begin Focus Group testing
Months 5 and 6
~ Conduct final Focus Group pilot testing
~ Train interviewers
~- Select sampling frame and a random sample of subjects
Months 7-12
~ Implement survey interviewing: begin interviewing community members
- Recruit and increase the membership of the Community Steering Committee for educational
planning
~ Conduct re-interviews for validity check
- Connect with researcher to discuss progress of questionnaire implementation
Months 13-15
- Analyze data collected through questionnaire
~ Write draft report on seafood consumption
~ Circulate report for critical review
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study 30 EPA 910/R-96/007
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~ Begin detailed planning for Phase 3 (education)
~ Draft educational/communication tools
Months 15-16
— Finalize report on fish consumption and circulate for comments on educational implications
~ Finalize educational tool materials
Months 17-20
- Finalize draft of educational/communication tools
~ Circulate draft for comments
~ Develop plans for translation and distribution
~ Conduct Focus group testing for tools
Months 20-21
~ Finalize tools
Months 22-24
~ Circulate the education and development tools
~ Hold committee meetings and focus groups to evaluate effectiveness
~ Evaluate Outreach efforts
— Final report submitted
Phase 2 & 3 Budget
Please see Appendix F.
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study 31 EPA 9 I O/R-96/007
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REFERENCES
California Regional Water Quality Control Board. (1994) Santa Monica Bay Seafood
Consumption Study Final Report June 1994, prepared for Santa Monica Bay Restoration
Project,, Monterey Park, CA.
Carrey, Diann and Kvitek, Rilk G. (1991), Assessment ofNongame Marine Invertebrate Harvest
in Washington; Washington Department of Wildlife; US EPA 910/91-034.
Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management. (1996) Risk Assessment and Risk
Management in Regulatory Decision-Making, pp. 30-32, draft June 13, 1996.
CRITFC (Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission). 1994. A fish consumption survey of
the Umatilla, Nez Perce, Yakama and Warm Springs Tribes of the Columbia River Basin.
CRITFC Technical Report No. 94-3. Portland, Oregon.
Faigenblum, Jacques (1988). Chemicals and Bacteriological Organisms in Recreational
Shellfish; Final Report Co-operative Agreement; US EPA, Region X; State of Washington
Department of Health 6B ML87AOOO.
JavitzH. 1980. Seafood consumption data analysis. EPA Contract 68-01-3887, Prepared by
SRI International for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
Landolt, Marsha, Heffer, FR., Nevassi, A., van Belle, G., VanNess, K., and Rockwell, C. (1985).
Potential Toxicant Exposure Among Consumers of Recreationally Caught Fish from Urban
Embayments of Puget Sound; NOOA Technical Memorandum; NOS OMA 23.
Matter, Alicia L. (1994). Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning; Toxin Accumulation in the Marine
Food Web, With Emphasis on Predatory Snails; US EPA, Region X; EPA 910/R94-005.
Nicola, Ray M., Branchflower, Richard, Pierce, Douglas (1987). Chemical Contamination in
Bottomfish. Journal of Environmental Health, 49 (6): 342-347.
Soukhaphonh, Savieng. "A Fish Consumption Survey of Laotians in Washington State," project
report, (due October 1996) contact person Leslie Keill, Washington Department of Ecology,
(360)407-6851.
Toy K.; Gawne-Mittelstaedt G., PolissarN. and Liao S. 1996. A Fish Consumption Survey of
the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Tribes of the Puget Sound Region. Tulalip Tribes, Natural
Resources Department, Marysville, WA.
United States Bureau of the Census (1991). 1990 Census Profile, US Department of Commerce,
Economics and Statistics Administration; No. 2-June.
A&Pl Seafood^Consumpdon Study 32 EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Dioxin and Furan Concentrations in Puget Sound Crabs,
Puget Sound Estuary Program, Sept. 1991, EPA 910/9-91-040.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water Quality Criteria Documents Availability. Federal
Register Vol. 45, No. 231, November 28, 1980.
Washington State Department of Health. (1991)(1991). Memorandum from DirectorKristine
Gebbie to Joseph Blum, Director of Fisheries, "Memorandum Concerning Contamination in Sea
Cucumbers" Olympia, WA.
Wekell, John C., Lorenzana, Roseanne, Hogan, Mara and Barnett, Harold (1996). Survey of
Paralytic Shellfish Poison in Puget Sound Predatory Gastropods. Journal of Shellfish Research
15(2): 231-236.
West, James E., and O'Neitl, Sandra (1995). Accumulation of Mercury and Poly Chlorinated
Biphenyls in Quill back Rockfish from Puget Sound; Proceedings from Puget Sound Research;
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Olympia, Washington.
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study 33 EPA 910/R-96/OQ7
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Appendix A.
Qualifications of Committees and Individuals
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Connie Yuki Nakano Project Coordinator
Seattle Central Community College, Seattle Grantsmanship Training, 1995
University of Washington, Seattle Baccalaureate in English Literature, 1994
Employment
• Refugee Federation Service Center, Seattle, WA (8/95 - present)
Project Coordinator
Establish and organize community-oriented communication network between all functioning
committees and personnel involved in the current phase of the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood
Consumption study. Supervise and facilitate the development of a draft scientific and culturally
appropriate questionnaire. Conduct monthly discussions with participating committees. Identify
and coordinate activities and resources with other Asian and Pacific Islanders throughout the US
to determine similar projects. Prepare monthly written and oral reports and records to the US
Environmental Protection Agency.
• Washington Toxics Coalition, Seattle, WA (12/94-4/95)
Logistics Coordinator
Developed and implemented logistical strategies in the coordination of a regional three day
environmental justice, social justice, and labor conference.
• Velma Veloria for Washington State Representative Campaign, Seattle, WA (5/94-
12/94)
Volunteer and Development Coordinator
Supervised the coordination and recruitment of volunteers from Asian and Pacific Islander
community, organizations, university level students, and others. Managed campaign fund raisers
resulting in an increase of donations to campaign.
» American Civil Liberties Union, Seattle, WA (8/95-5/94)
Legal Complaint Counselor
Performed counseling, complaint assessments, and referral and information intake.
Experience
• US Environmental Protection Agency, Region Ten, Seattle, WA (5/94-8/94)
Interacted with and gained understanding of US EPA environmental justice strategies related to
seafood exposure in Region Nine and Ten. Provided support to the Refugee Federation Service
Center in planning and development of the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption
Study.
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Shiquan Liao, Ph.D.
StatPro Consultants
7127 NE 167th Street
Bothell,WA98011
(206)489-0528
Ms. Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Seafood Consumption Study
of Asian and Pacific Islander Community
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way South
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano,
I am writing to express my support for the proposed Seafood Consumption Study of
Asian and Pacific Islander Community. I will function as a statistical consultant on behalf
of StatPro Consultants in the area of survey design, data analysis, and the production of
final report.
Liao, Ph.D.
Enclosure: CV
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Shiquan Liao, Ph.D.
Statistician/Research Analyst
Yunnan University, Kunming, China
University of Washington, Seattle
University of Washington, Seattle
B.S.
M.S.
Ph.D.
1982
1987
1994
Mathematics
Quant. Resource Mngmt
Quant. Science/Biostat
0 Statistical Consultant - Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation, Seattle (1990 -)
0 Statistical Consultant - The Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistical Consulting, Seattle (1990 -)
0 Biostatistician - Northwest Hospital, Seattle (1994 -1995)
0 Research Associate/Biostatistician - Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle (1989 -1995)
0 Statistical Consultant/Data Analyst - Skalski Statistical Service, Seattle (Summer only, 1990 -1994)
0 Research Assistant - The University of Washington, Seattle (1988 -1994)
° College Lecturer of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Forest University, China (1982 -1985)
Publications
1. Shumway-Cook, A., Wm. Gruber, M. Baldwin and S. Liao. The Effect of Exercise on Balance, Mobility and
Fall Risk in Community Dwelling Older Adults, (submitted).
2. Rivara, J., K. Jaffe, N. Polissar, G, Fay, S. Liao and K. Martin. Predictor of Family Functioning and Change
Three Years Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Children, (submitted).
3. Massagli, T., K. Jaffe, N. Polissar, S. Liao and G. Fay. Neurobehavioral Sequelae of Severe Pediatric
Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cohort Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. (in press).
4. Jaffe, K., N. Polissar, G. Fay and S. Liao. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Recovery Trends over Three Years.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995; 76:17-26.
5. Fay G., G. K. Jaffe, N. Polissar, S. Liao, J. Rivara and K. Martin. Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
at Three Years: A Cohort Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 75:733-741.
6. Rivara, J., K. Jaffe, G. Fay, N. Polissar, K. Martin, H. Shurtleff and S. Liao. Family Functioning and Injury
Severity as Predictors of Child Functioning One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1994; 75:369-379.
7. McDonald C., K. Jaffe, G. Fay, N. Polissar, K. Martin, S. Liao, and J. Rivara. Comparison of Indices of
Traumatic Brain Injury Severity as Predictors of Neurobehavioral Outcome in Children. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1994; 75:328-337.
8. Polissar, N., G. Fay, K. Jaffe, S. Liao, K. Martin, H. Shurtleff, J. Rivara and H.R. Winn. Mild Pediatric Brain
Injury: Adjusting Significant Levels for Multiple Comparisons. Brain Injury 1994; Vol. 8, No. 3:249-264.
9. Rivara, J., K. Jaffe, G. Fay, N. Polissar, K. Martin, H. Shurtleff and S. Liao. Family Functioning and
Children's Academic Performance and Behavior Problems in the Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch
Phys Med Rehabil. 1993; 74:1047-1055.
10. Fay G., K. Jaffe, N. Polissar, S. Liao, K. Martin, H. Shurtleff, J. Rivara and H.R. Winn. Mild Pediatric Brain
Injury - A Cohort Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993; 74:895-901.
11. Toy, K., G. Gawne-Mittelstaedt, N. Polissar and S. Liao. 1995. A Fish Consumption Survey of the Tulalip
and Squaxin Island Tribes of the Puget Sound Region. Tulalip Tribes, Natural Resources Department, 7615
Totem Beach Road, Marysville, WA 98271, Technical report.
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Give the following information for the key personnel and consultants listed on page 2. Begin with the Principal
Investigator/Program Director. Photocopy this page for each person.
NAME
Nayak Lincoln Polissar. Ph.D.
POSITION TITLE
Biostatistical Consultant
BIRTHDATE (Mo., Day, Yr.)
8/30/39
EDUCATION (Begin wifr baccalaureate or other initial professional education, sucft as nursing, and include postdoctoral training.)
INSTITUTION AND LOCATION
•
DEGREE
YEAR
CONFERRED
FIELD OF STUDY
University of California, Berkeley B.A. 1966 Mathematics
Princeton University, New Jersey M.A. 1968 Statistics
Princeton University, New Jersey Ph.D. 1974 Statistics
RESEARCH AND/OR PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Concluding with present position, list in chronological order
previous employment, experience, and honors. Include present membership on any Federal Government Public Advisory
Committee. List, in chronological order, the titles and complete references to all publications during the past three years
and to representative earlier publications pertinent to this application. DO NOT EXCEED TWO PAGES.
Professional Experience:
Demographic Intern, The Population Council, New York City, 1967
Statistical Consultant, New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, 1967-1968
Computer Clinic Consultant, Princeton University Computer Center, 1967-1968
Research Assistant, Statistics Department, Princeton University, 1968
Field Associate, Thailand and Indonesia, The Population Council, 1969-1971
Teaching Assistant, Statistics Department, Princeton University, 1974
Assistant Member, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 1974-1982
Associate Member, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 1982-1989
Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1974-1982
Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1982-1988
Affiliate Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1989-
Senior Consultant, Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation, 1989-
CEO, The Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistical Consulting, 1989-
California State Scholarship, 1957
Navy Training Scholarship, 1957
NIH Traineeship, 1966-68
Distinguished Honorary Citizenship, Washington State, 1983
Selected Journal Publications (out of 70"):
Boatman ES, Merrill T, O'Neill A, Polissar L, Millette JR: Use of quantitative analysis of urine to assess exposure to
asbestos fibers in drinking water in the Puget Sound region. Environ Health Persp 53:131-9,1983.
Polissar L, Severson RK, Boatman ES: A case-control study of asbestos in drinking water and cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol
119:456-71,1984.
Woods JS, Polissar L, Severson RK, Heuser LS: Soft tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoraa in relation to phenoxy
herbicide and chlorinated phenol exposure in Western Washington. JNCI 78(5): 899-910,1987.
Hughes J, Polissar L, van belle B: Power of health effects studies of communities surrounding arsenic producing industries.
International J of Epidemiology 17:407-13,1988.
Woods J, Polissar L: Non-Hodgkins lymphoma among phenoxy herbicide-exposed farm workers in western Washington
state. Chemosphere 18:401-6,1989.
DiGuiseppi CG, Rivara FP, Koepsell TD, Polissar L: Bicycle helmet use by children; evaluation of a community-wide
helmet campaign. J Am Med Assoc 262: 2256-61,1989.
Polissar L, Lowry-Coble K, Kalman DA, Hughes JP, van Belle G, Covert DS, Burbacher TM, Bolgiano D, Mottel NK:
Pathways of human exposure to arsenic in a community surrounding a copper smelter. Environmental Research 53:
29^7, 1990.
Kalman DA, Hughes J, van BeUe G, Burbacher T, Bolgiano D, Coble K, Mottel NK, Polissar L: The effect of variable
environmental arsenic contamination on urinary concentrations of arsenic species. Environmental Health
Perspectives 89:145-51,1990.
Rivara JB, Fay G, Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Martin K: Predictors of family functioning one year following traumatic brain
injury in children. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 73(10): 899-910,1992.
Swenson ER, Robertson HT, Polissar NL, Middaugh ME, Hlastala MP: Conducting airway gas exchange: diffusion related
differences in inert gas elimination. J Appl Physiol 72:1581-8,1992.
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Selected Publications (continued'):
Jaffe KM, Fay G, Polissar NL, Martin K, Rivara JB, Winn HR: Severity of pediatric brain injury and neurobehavioral
recovery at one yean a cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74:587-595,-1993.
Fay GC, Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Liao S, Martin K, Shurtleff H, Rivara JTM, Winn HR: Mild pediatric traumatic brain
injury - a cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74: 895-901,1993.
Rivara JB, Jaffe KM, Fay GC, Polissar NL, Martin KM, Shurtleff H, Liao S: Family functioning and injury severity as
predictors of child functioning one year following traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74:1047-55,
1993.
Domino KB, Swenson ER, Polissar NL, Lu Y, Eisenstein BL, Hlastala MP: Effect of inspired CO2 on ventilation and
perfusion heterogeneity in hyperventilated dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 75(3): 1306-14,1993.
Jaffe KM, Massagli T, Martin K, Rivara J*M, Fay G, Polissar NL: Pediatric traumatic brain injury: acute and rehabilitation
costs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74:681-686,1993. "
Malins DC, Holmes EH, Polissar NL, Gunselman SJ: The etiology of breast cancen characteristic alterations in hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA base lesions during oncogenesis with potential for evaluating incidence risk. Cancer 71(10):
3036-3043,1993.
Polissar, NL: Asbestos in drinking water health issues. In Health Risks from Exposure to Mineral Fibres: An International
Perspective, Gibbs GW, Dunnigan J, Masamitsu, K, Higashi T. Captus University Publications, North York,
. Ontario, 1993.
Willoughby SB, Obermiller T, Polissar NL, Mendenhall JM, Bufler J, Lakshminarayan S: 15m microspheres reflux up the
pulmonary veins during pulmonary artery occlusion. Microvascular Research 45:262-268,1993.
Polissar NL, Jaffe KM, Fay GC, Liao S: Mild pediatric traumatic brain injury: adjusting statistical significance for multiple
comparisons. Brain Injury 8(3): 249-264,1994.
Fay GC, Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Liao S, Rivara JB, Martin KM: Outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at three
years: a cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:733-41,1994.
McDonald CM, Jaffe KM, Fay GC, Polissar NL, Martin KM, Liao S, Rivara JB: Comparison of indices of traumatic brain
injury severity as predictors of neurobehavioral outcome in children. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75: 328-37,1994.
Rivara JB, Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Fay GC, Martin KM, Shurtleff H, Liao S: Family functioning and children's academic
performance and behavior problems in the year following traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:369-
79,1994.
Malins, DC, Polissar NL, NishiMda K, Holmes EH, Gardner HS, Gunselman SJ. The etiology and prediction of breast
cancen fourier tramform-infrared spectroscopy reveals progressive alterations in breast DNA leading to a cancer-like
phenotype in a high proportion of normal women. Cancer 75(2): 503-517,1995.
Greenwald HP, Polissar NL, Borgatta EF, McCorkle R: Detecting survival effects of socioeconomic status: problems in the
use of aggregate measures. J din Epid 47(8): 903-909,1994.
Souders JE, George SC, Polissar NL, Swenson ER, Hlastala MP: Tracheal gas exchange: perfusion-related differences in
inert gas elimination. J Appl Phys 79(3):918-928,1995.
Glenny RW, Polissar NL, McKmney S, Robertson HT: Temporal heterogeneity of regional pulmonary perfusion is
spatially clustered. J Appl Phys 79(3): 986-1001,1995.
Buntain-Ricklefs JJ, Rivara FP, Donovan DM, Sakberg PM, Polissar NL: Differentiating "bad drivers" with and without a
DWI. J. Stud. Alcohol 56: 356-360,1995.
Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Fay GC, Liao S: Recovery trends-over three years following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Arch
Phys Med Rehabil 76:17-26,1995.
Warth DC, Leon MB, O'Neill W, Zacca N, Polissar NL, Buchbinder M: Rotational Atherectomy MuMcenter Registry:
Acute results, complications and six-month angiographic follow-up in 709 patients. J American College of
Cardiology, In Press.
Smith J, Frawley PJ, Polissar NL: Six and twelve-month abstinence rates in inpatient alcoholics treated wiih either foradic
aversion or chemical aversion compared with matched inpatients from a treatment registry. J Addictive Diseases. In
Press.
Greenwald HP, Polissar NL, Dayal HH: Race, socioeconomic status, and survival in three female cancers. Ethnicity &
Disease. In Press.
Bernard SL, Glenny RW, Polissar NL, Luchtel DL, Lakshminarayan S: Distribution of pulmonary and bronchial blood
supply to airways measured by fluorescent microspheres. J Appl Phys. In Press.
Rivara JB, Jaffe KM, Fay GC, Polissar NL, Martin KM, Shurtleff HA, Liao S: Family functioning and injury severity as
predictors of child functioning one year following traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. In Press.
Malins DC, Pplissar NL, Gunselman SJ. Progression of human breast cancers to the metastatic state is linked to hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In Press.
Greenwald HP, Borgatta EF, McCorkle R, Polissar NL: Explaining reduced cancer survival among the disadvantaged.
Milbank Quarterly. In Press.
Massagli T, Jaffe KM, Fay G, Polissar NL, Rivara JB: Neurobehavioral sequelae of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury:
a cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. In Press.
Miller JS, Polissar NL, Haas M: A radiographic comparison of neutral cervical posture with cervical flexion and extension
ranges of motioa J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. In Press.
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Kelly Toy
3516 NE mill St.
Scattic, WA 98125
Kthicntionj
1993- B.S. Fisheries, University of Washington
1993- B.A Anthropology, University of Washington
Currently- Masters Program (Second year), University of Washington
Publications:
Toy, K.A,, Gawne-Mitfle»tfted(, G.D., Polisftr, N.I,., Lino, S., (1995) A fish
consumption survey of the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Tribes of Pugel Sound. EPA
Draft Report.
Conference Presentations of Msh Consumption Survey;
June 1995. International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and
Biological Health. Atlanta, Georgia
September 1995, King County Department of Metropolitan Services. Seattle,
Washington.
October 1995, 49th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Coast Oyster Growers
Association and National Shellfish Association Pacific Coast Section. Lynnwood,
Washington.
December 1995. The Society Kor Risk Amilysis and Japan Section of SRA:
Learning From Cross-Culiural Comparison. Honolulu, Hawaii,
Professional Experience:
1993 to present: Survey Coordinator for the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Tribes fish
consumption study, Tasks included research, design of survey questionnaire, hiring
and training of survey interviewers, survey implementation, data entry, and writing
reports,
1994 to present: Shellfish Biologist for the Tulalip Tribes.
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Gillian D. Mfttelstaedt
1725 174th PI. SE
Mill Creek, WA 98012 (206)481-1)756
Education:
Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs, Syracuse University
Masters in Public Administration, July, 1991
Concentration in Environmental Management.
Coursework in statistics, economics, organizational theory, policy analysis,
development administration, international environmental policy.
University of Puget Sound
Bachelor of Arts, Political Science, June, J9SS
Honors: Pi Sigma Alpha, Political Science Honor Society; Mortar Board
Experience:
Environmental Program Analyst
Tulalip Tribes Natural Resources Department, Marysville, WA
December, 1991 to present
Responsible for developing a coordinated approach to water quality
protection on the Tulalip Indian Reservation. Major duties include:
1. Develop tribal administrative program to coordinate tribal water
quality policies with local, state and federal programs.
2. Draft water quality ordinances and regulations to protect
on-reservation water resources.
3. Develop, supervise and implement specific water quality programs.
4. Supervise the design and implementation of tribal fish consumption study.
5. Represent Tribes on local, state and federal water quality forums.
Coordinator, Policy Analyst - Intern
Shangraw & Associates Consulting, Washington, D.C.
Participated in the development of a 30-year clean-up plan for the
Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste
Management. Chaired student research group; acted as liaison between
faculty, research group and Department of Energy.
Activities:
Member - American Water Resources Association
Member - Planning Association of Washington
Member - International City/County Management Association
Student Body President, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA
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*d :; au ~~\
The Coalition of Lao Mutual Assistance Assoc lation of Washinton State
4714 Rainier /lw 5r>i///j .S'w/rt- /fry, Swale WA >'•>
-
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Wy. So
Seattle, Wa, 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
It is with pleasure I will continue to provide service
on the Laos Committee on the Asian and Pacific
islander Seafood Consumption Study. I will provide in-
kind match time to the life of the grant through Phase
2 of this study to its completion.
The study is greatly beneficial to the Asian and
Pacific Islander community because they are believed
to consume and prepare seafood in many ways which
may contribute to contaminant exposure and health
risks.
I a.m pleased to see the progress of the study so far
and look forward to providing further support to the
next part of the project.
Sincerely,
Chanthone Chin.
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3800 SOUTH MntTU, Sum A
Sum, WA 98118
(206) 725-2100
FAX (206) 723-8780
PROGRAM SERVICES
Emergency Assistance
• Information & Referral
* Crisis intervention
• Services in Food
Shelter & Clothing
• Infant Supplies
Junior Helpers
• Youth Employment
* Job Placement & Refieral
• Work Ethic Orientations
• Youth-at-risk Counselinc
Ex-Offender /
Employment Assistance
» Job Placement & Referral
* Community Relations
& Sponsorship
• Re-entry Counseling
P E R A T
MERGE
ENTER
I 0 N A L
N C Y
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way So.
Seattle. WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
It is with pleasure I will continue to provide service on the Community Steering Committee
of the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study. I will provide in-kmd
match time to the life of the U. S. Emironmental Protection Agency grant through Phase
Two of this study to its completion.
As a Filipino American. I believe that the study is greatly beneficial to the wider Asian and
Pacific Islander community because we are believed to consume and prepare seafoods in
ways which may contribute to contaminant exposure and health risks.
I am pleased to see the progress of the study and look forward to provide further support to
the next part of the project.
Sincerely,
Edwin Obras
Community Steering Committtee Member
flecvcled Paoer
Partner m the United Way
-------
[(VIETNAMESE FRIENDS
4860 Rainier AvenueS. 1st floor, Seattle, WA 98118
Phone (206) 722-2955
February 8, 1996
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 ML King Jr Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
It is with pleasure I will continue to provide service on the
Community Steering Committee of the Asian and Pacific Islander
Seafood Consumption Study. I will provide in-kind match time
to the life of the U.S Environmental Protection Agency grant
through Phase Two of this study to its completion.
As a Vietnamese American/ I believe that the study is greatly
beneficial to the wider Asian and Pacific Islander Community
because we are believed to consume and prepare seafoods in
ways which may contribute to contaminant exposure and health
risks.
I am pleased to see the progress of the study and look forward
to provide further support to the next part of the project.
Sincerely,
Community Steering Committee Member
-------
OANH TRAN
19019 8TH AVE S.
SEATTLE, WA 98148
(206)243-5153
OBJECTIVE:
Seeking a position as Office Administrative Assistant. To secure a permanent
position utilizing my experience and skills with opportunities for advancement in
accounting and business career.
EDUCATION:
Associate of Art Degree in Accounting, South Seattle Community College
Seattle Washington - 1993
Associate of Art Degree in Office Administration, South Seattle Community College
Seattle Washington - 1995
WORK EXPERIENCE:
2/1995 Vietnamese Friendship Association- Program Coordinater
To Present 7101 ML King Jr f214, Seattle WA 98118
* Provide counseling service to refugees
* Prepaid and organized the classes schedule for new project
* Provide clerical duties that include sorting mail, typing, filing and
answering phone.
6/92 South Seattle Community College/Financial Aid Office- Office Assistant
To 12/94 6000 16TH Ave. SW - Seattle, WA 98106
* Providing information to students regarding Financial Aid Assistant, mailing,
and answering phone
* Organizing and tracking student files
5/94 U.S Army Corps of Engineers - Operation Clerk
To 9/94 4735 E Marginal Way S - Seattle WA 98124
* Organizing files system, processing billing, and sorting mail
* Provide clerical duties including ordering supply, travel arrangements,
typing correspondence, and answering phone.
* Conducting testing for Microwave VHF 2000.
12/91 South Seattle Community College/Counseling Office-Office Assistant
To 6/92 6000 16TH Ave SW - Seattle WA 98106
* Providing technical assistance to foreign students
* Providing interpreting service to Vietnamese students
AREAS OF EXPERTISE:
Accounting payable and receivable, Invoicing, Purchasing.
Ten key by touch, Word Perpect, Word Processing (Microsoft Word),
Spread sheet (lotus 123), Media Software( Page Maker) for IBM and Macintosh.
AWARDS: South Seattle Community College Foundation Scholarship 93 - 94
Dean' s list, seven quarters.
REFERENCES will be furnished upon request.
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_ B^ n ^
~J.+ S INDOCHINA CHINESE REFUGEE ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTON -STATE
February 7,1996
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
On behalf of the Board of Directors of Indochina Chinese Refugee Association, I am very excited to see a
community based organization, such as the Refugee Federation Service Center, take the lead in a seafood
consumption study.
The ICRA is very pleased to participate with the other Asian and Pacific Islander groups in the ,
development and progress of the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study, funded by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Many members of A & PI community consume and catch seafood on a regular basis and it would benefit
our community to know what risk factors are involved in the consumption of seafood.
The ICRA is committed to assisting in all phases of this project Our members plan on being part of the
Community Steering Committee. ICRA also will likewise assist in finding interviewers, translators, and
producing educational tools and programs.
Sincerely,
Simon Truong
President of ICRA
-------
February 12, 1996
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101MLKJr. WayS.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
I will gladly continue to provide in-kind services to the Asian and Pacific Islander
Seafood Consumption Study as a Community Steering Committee member.
As a Chinese American, I believe that the study is beneficial to the Asian and Pacific
Islander community because we may consume more seafood and prepare it differently
than the average population.
I look forward to the next stage of the study.
Sincerely,
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BEACON HILL DRIVING SCHOOL
7168 Beacon Ave. S. „
Seattle. WA 98108
(206) 725-2077
February 12, 1996
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101MLKJr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano,
I will continue to provide in-kind services as a Community Steering Committee member
to the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
My services include meeting with the community on a monthly basis at 2 hours each and
providing an extra 5% consultation to review materials and notes.
Sincerelv,
May Wong
-------
Western Regional Aquaculture Center
\laskd • Ari/ona • California • Colorado • ki.iho • Miml.m.i • NVv,,da • V-,v MC\K-U • Orciiiin • I iah • Wuslnnyon • \Vyuimm
WRAC
15 December 1995
Ms. Connie Nakano
Refugee Federation Service Ctr.
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way So.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
It is with pleasure I will continue to provide service on the Technical
Committee on the grant "Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption
Study". I will provide the in-kind match time to the life of the grant through
Phase II of this study to its completion. The fact that I am a teacher and
involved with shellfish culture and issues related to the economics of
seafood distribution and consumption at the University of Washington
School of Fisheries, the information collected will be most interesting.
Sincerely yours,
"Kenneth K. Chew, Professor
Scjiool of Fisheries and
Director, Administrative Office
Western Regional Aquaculture Center
KKC:cjn
I!K I'S L-h-p.inn
-------
STATE OF WASHINGTON
DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
P.O. Bo* 47600 • Qlympia, Washington 98504-7600
(360) 407-6000 • TDD Only (Hearing Impaired) (360) 407-6006
February 16, 1996
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refligee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
I look forward to continuing to provide service on the Technical Committee on the Asian
American and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study. I will provide in-kind match time to
the life of the grant through Phase 2 of this study to its completion.
The study is greatly beneficial to the Asian and Pacific Islander community because they are
believed to consume and prepare seafoods in many ways that may contribute to contaminant
exposure and health risks.
I am pleased to see the progress of the study so tar, and look forward to providing further support
to the next part of the project.
Sincerely,
Leslie Keill
Department of Ecology
LK:mm
-------
G2'21''9b 15:27 ECOLOGY HiK UUHH i ; rr
Leslie E. Keffl
2018 1/2 Franklin Avenue East
Seattle, WA 98102-3523
(206)328-7216
Experience:
Washington State Department of Ecology, Lacey WA
Toxicologiat H, June 1994 - Present
Air Quality Program
Research and analyze toxic effects of air contaminants in Washington State communities to support regulation of
various industries such as aluminum smelters, pulp and paper facilities, drycleaners, lead smelters, petroleum
refineries, and coal-fueled power plants. Represent the Air Quality Program in the agency's Risk Assessment Forum,
and led the development of a technical policy on fish consumption rates for use in risk assessment and water-related
guidelines.
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Intern, Summer 1993
Prevention of Environmental Pollution Unit, Department of Environmental Health
Researched, developed, and documented health effects on tribal and indigenous peoples of ingesting methyl-mercury
contaminated fish. Conducted worldwide survey of university courses in environmental health.
Washington State Department of Ecology, Lacey WA
Assistant Tactcologut, 1992 - 1993
Policy and Technical Support Unit, Toxics Cleanup Program
Analyzed and presented technical issues for risk assessment policies including indicator chemical selection and
petroleum chemical mixtures. Reviewed and provided technical support for risk assessments of hazardous waste sites
under CERCLA and the Washington State Model Toxics Control Act.
PTI Environmental Services, Believue WA and Boston MA
Associate Environmental Scientist, 1991 - 1992
Human Health Toxicology and Risk Assessment Division
Researched and analyzed dermal and gastrointestinal absorption factors for soil-bound metals and organic pollutants.
Participated in human health risk assessments for hazardous waste sites. Developed toxicity profiles for contaminants
using toxicity databases (IRIS and RTECS).
Pacific Science Center, Seattle WA
Science Teacher and Curriculum Developer, 1989 - 1991
Waste Reduction and Recycling Education Program
Designed waste reduction and recycling curriculum for junior high/middle schools in King County, Washington.
Presented all-school assemblies in junior high and elementary schools and taught science laboratory on plastics.
Environmental Toxkotogy International, Seattle WA
Project Manager, 1987-1989
Occupational Health and Safety Services
Managed and marketed courses for occupational health and safety and emergency response training courses required
under OSHA Assisted with human health risk assessments for municipal and hazardous waste incinerators. Lectured
on occupational environmental regulations.
Education;
Harvard School of Public Hearth, Boston MA
Master of Science in Health and Social Behavior, January 1994
Concentration in Environmental Health Sciences
Smith College, Northampton MA
Bachelor of Arts, American Studies, May 1987
Concentrations: Environmental Studies and General Sciences
-------
MARSHA L. LANDOLT
Director
School of Fisheries, VVH-10
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
(206) 543-4270
Personal Information
Birthdate; January 19, 1948
Binhplace: Houston, Texas USA
Baylor University
University of Oklahoma
George Washington University
BS Biology 1969
MS Zoology 1970
PhD Pathology 1976
Professional Experience
1986-Prcsent
1979-1986
1975-1979
1974-1975
1970-1974
Professor
University of Washington
School 01 Fisheries, Seattle, WA
Associate Professor
University of Washington
School of Fisheries, Seattle, WA
Assistant Professor
University of Wasliingion
School of Fisheries, Seattle, WA
Pathology Clerkship
Smithsonian Institution
National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
Histopaihologisi
US Department of Interior
Eastern Fish Disease Laboratory, Leetown, WV
Administrative Experience
1991 -Present Director
School of Fisheries
University of Washington
1983-1991
1989-1990
Associate Dean
College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences
University of Washington
Acting Director
Division of Aquaculture and Food Science
School of Fisheries
University of Washington
-------
1980-1983 Assistant Director
~ School of Fisheries
University of Washington
Aointment
1 97 7 -Present Adjunct Professor
Department of Pathology
University of Washington
1990-Prescm Adjunct Professor
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology
Washington State University
SERVICE ACTIVITIES
Naripnal
Co-Ordinatpr, US/Taiwan Workshop on Fish Health, 1979
National Science Foundation
Fisheries Education Committee, 3 984
Natl. Assoc. of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges (NASULGC)
Estuarine Research Committee, 1984-1991
Kail. Assoc. of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges (NASUIX3C)
Water Resources Research Committee, 1984-1986
National Research Council
Board of Governors, 1988'Presem
National Coastal Research Institute
Great Ukes Science Advisory Board, 1990-3991
International Joint Commission
University of Washingion Representative, 1992-Prcscnt
National Association of University Fisheries and Wildlife Programs (NAUFWP)
University of Washington Delegate, 1992-Present
NASULGC Commission on Food, Environment and Renewable Resources
University of Washington Representative, 1993 "'ivSc
NASULGC Fish and Wildlife Resources Scctic.i (Board of NaiuraJ Resources,
Commission on Food, F.nvironment and Renewable Resources)
LxJitorial Board, 1992-Present
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health
American Fisheries Society, 1993-3994
Strategic Planning Commit lee
-------
Male and .Local
Citizens Water Quality Advisory Committee., 1977
Special Task Force on Secondary Sewage Treatment (METRO)
Board of Directors, 1982-1984
Seattle Aquarium Society
Technical Advisory Committee., 1984-1988
Region 10, US Environmental Protection Agency
Scientific Advisory Pijnel, 1985-1987
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority
Committee on Research, 1987-1991
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority
Maritime Center Program Planning Study, 1988-1989
Seattle Maritime Center Board
Marine Endowment Committee, 1988-1989
The Sailing Foundation
Jmeragency Work Group on Fish Health Issues, 1989-1991
Washington Departments of Fisheries, Wildlife, Agriculture, and Ecology
Aquaculture Advisory Committee, 1989-1991
Washington Department of Agriculture
Indian Fish Consumption Survey, 1993-1994
Scientific Advisory Board
University
Faculty Council for Faculty Affairs 1977-1981 (Chairman, 1981)
Special Task Force on Grievance Procedures, 1978-1980 (Chairman)
Faculty Senate Budget Committee (1981-1983)
Faculty Council on Grant and Contract Research, 1985-1990
General Physical Development Plan Advisory Committee, 1988-1990
Continuing Education Board of Deans, 1989-1991
Board on Human Resources, 1994-Present
PUBLICATIONS
1970
Payne, RB and ML Landolt. Thyroid histology of tricoloi'cd blackbiids (Agelaius tricolor)
in the annual cycle, breeding and molt. Condor 72; 445-451.
1973
t, ML. Myxoaanut cerebrulis:: Isolation and concentration from fish skeletal
elements-Trypsin digestion method, J Fish Res Bd Canada 30: 1713-1716.
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Wolf, K, MC Quirnhy, LL Pettijohn and ML Landolt. Fish viruses: Isolation and
identificatin of infectious hernatopoietic necrosis in eastern North America. J Fish
Res Bd Canada 30: 1625-1627.
1914
Landolt, ML (Editor). Fish Pathology by 111 I Rcichenbaek-Klinke. T.F.H. Publications,
Neptune, New Jersey.
1975
Hoffman, GL, ML Landolt, JE Camper, DW Coals, JL Siookey and JD Burek. A disease
of freshwater fishes caused by Tctrahymcna corlissi Thompson, 1955, and a key
for identification of holotrich ciliates of freshwater fishes. J Parasitol 61 : 217-223.
McCraren, JP, ML Landolt, GL Hoffman and FP Meyer. Variation in response of channel
catfish lo/lcnneguya sp infections (Protowa: Myxosporidea). J Wildlife Diseases
11:2-7.
Landolt, ML, Visceral gramilorna and nephrocalcinosis of trout. In: W Ribclin and G
Migaki (Eds), PjAholQSy of FighgS' University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.
pp 793-801.
Landolt, ML (Editor), CpJQlAte offofr Pigf-MSS ..of Fish. Amphibians and Reptiles by B
Blkan and HH Reiehenback-Klinke. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey.
Herman, RL and ML Landolt, A tcsticular Iciomyoma in a largemouth bass, Micropterus
salmoides . J Wildlife Diseases 11: 128-129.
1976
Landolt, ML and RM Kocan. Transmission of avian pox from starlings to Rothschild's
mynahs. J Wildlife Diseases 12: 353-356.
1977
Landolt, ML, JR MacMillan and MJ Patterson. Detection of an intraerythrocytic virus in
rainbow trout (Satmv gairdneri ), Fish Health News 6: 4-5.
J979
Patterson, MJ and ML Landolt. Cellular reaction to injury in the anthozoan Anthopleura
etegantixxima . J Invert Pathol 33: 189-196.
Bergman, HL, RM Carlson, CW Gehrs, M Katz and Ml- Lundoll. Phenol, In: RW
Thurston, RC Russo, CM Fetterolf Jr, TA Edsall and YM Rarbar (lids), A Review
of the EPA Red Book; Quality Criteria for Water. Water Quality Section, American
Fisheries Society, Bethcsda, MD. pp 221-228,
Iwaoka, WT, ML Landolt, KB Picrson, SP Fclion and A Abolins. Studies on aryl
hydrocarbon hydroxykse, polycyclic hydrocarbon content, and epidermal tumors
inHatfish. In: Animals as Monitors of Environmental Pollutants. National
Academy of Sciences, Washington DC. pp 85-93.
Kocun, RM, ML Landolt and KM Sabo. In vitro toxicity of eight mutagens/carcinogens
for three fish cell lines. Bull Enviixmm Conlarn Toxicol 23: 269-274.
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J98Q
, MacMillan, JR, D Mulcahy and ML Landolt. Viral erythrocylic necrosis: Sonic
physiological consequences of infection in chain salmon (Oncorhynchus keta ).
Can J Fish Aqua! Sci 37: 799-804.
Patterson, MJ and ML Landolt, Cell adhesion in a sea anemone. American Zoologist
20:819.
1981
Kocan, AA and ML I^ndoU. Diseases of warm wuter fish. (California Veterinarian May,
1981; 8-13.
Hose, JE, JB Hannah, ML Landolt, BS Miller, SP Felton and WT Iwapka. Uptake of
bcn2.o(a)pyrcnc by gonadal tissue of flatfish (Family Pleuronectid«e) and its effects
on subsequent egg development. J Toxicol Environm Hlih 7:991-1000.
Landoh, ML and RM Kocan. In vitro techniques for aquatic toxicological studies.
National Science Council, Republic of China, Symposium Series No 3; 85-87.
Kocan, RM, ML Landoli, J Bond and EP Bendht. In vitro effect of some
mutagcns/carcinogcns on cultured fish cells, Arch Environm Contum Toxicol 10;
663-671.
1982
Hose, JB, JB Hannah, D DiJulio, ML Landolt, BS Miller, WT Iwaoka and SP Felton.
Effects of benzo(a)pyrcne on early development of flatfish. Arch Environm
Contain Toxicol 11: 167-171.
Kocnn, RM, ML Landolt and KM Sabo. Anaphase aberrations: A measure of genotoxicity
in mutagen treated fish cells. Knvironm Mutagenesis 4: 181-189.
Hannah, JB, JR Hose, ML Landolt, BS Miller, SP Felton and WT Iwaoka.
Benzo(a)pyrene induced morphologic and developmental abnormalities in rainlx>w
trout. Arch Environm Contain Toxicol 11:727-734.
Felton, SP, WT Iwaoka, ML Landolt and BS Miller, Techniques for the waterbome
administration of benzo(a)pyrene to aquatic test organisms. In: Symposium on
Cardnogenic Polynuclear Aromatic. Hydity.arbons in the Marine Environment.
EPA-600/9-82-013. pp 148-162.
Undolt, ML, SP Felton, WT Iwaoka, BS Miller, D DiJulio and B Miller.
Bioaccumulation and loxicity in English sole, Parophrys veiulus , following
wHterlKmie exj>osure to ben;to(a)pyrene. In: Symposium on Carcinogenic
Pblynuclcar. Aromatic Hvdrociirhons in the Marine Environment. EPA-600/9-82-
013. pp 268-281.
1983
Landolt, ML and RM Kocan. Fish cell cytogenetics: A measure of the gcnotoxic effects of
environmental pollutants. In: JO Nriagu (Ed), AQMtic Toxicology. John Wiley
and Sons, Inc, New York, pp 335-353.
Liguoii, VM, H1R Zakour, ML Landolt and SP Felton. Toxicity of the herbicide Endothall
to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchits tshawytxcha ). In: WE Bishop, RD
-------
Cardvvcll and BB Hcidolph (Eds), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment:
Sixth Symposium. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA
pp 530-544.
Kocan, RM, RY Chi, N Brick-sen, HP Benditt and ML Landolt. Sequestration and release
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by vertebrate Cells in vitro. Environm
Mutagenesis 5: 643-656.
1984
Zakour, 11R, ML Landolt and RM Kocan, Sister chromatid exchange induction in cultured
peripheral blood leukocytes of a coldwater marine fish. Mar Environm Kes 14:
499-500,
Kocan, RM and ML Lnndolt, Uptake and excretion of ben7o(n)pyrene by trout embryos
and sac fry, Mar Environm Res 14:433-436,
Landolt, ML and RM Kocan. Anaphase aberrations in cultured fish cells as a bioassay of
marine sediments. Mnr Environm Res 14; 497-498,
Kocan, RM and ML Landolt. Alterations in patterns of excretion and other metabolic
functions in developing fish embryos exposed to ben7.0(3)pyrene. Helgolander
Meeresumersnchungen 37; 493-504,
Landolt, ML and RM Kocan. Lethal and sublethal effects of marine sediment extracts on
fish cells and chromosomes. Helgolander Meercsumersuchungen 37:479-491.
Zakour, HR, ML Landoli and RM Kocan. Sister chromatid exchange analysis in cultured
peripheral blood leukocytes of the coldwater marine fish, Pacific staghorn sculpin
(Leptocottus arrnams); A feasible system for assessing genotoxic marine
pollutants. In: RR Tice and A Hollaender (Eds), gister Chromatid-ExchangejL
Plenum Publishing Corp, New York, pp 493-508.
Hose, JE, JB Hannah, HW Puffer and ML Landolt. Histologic and skeletal abnormalities
in be.nzo(a)pyrcnc-ircatcd rainbow trout alevins. Arch Environm Contam Toxicol
13:675-684.
1985
Kocan, RM, KM Sabo and ML Lnndolt, Cytotoxicity/Genotoxicity; The application of cell
culture techniques to the measurement of marine sediment pollution, Aq Toxicol 6:
165-177.
Liguori, VM and ML Landolt. Anaphase aberrations: An in vivo measure of genotoxicity,
In: MD Waters, SS Sandhu, J Lewtas, L Claxton, G Strauss and S Nesnow (Eds),
Short-Term Biogssays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures IV.
Plenum Press, New York, pp 87-98.
1987
Mottet, NK and ML Landoli. Advantages of using aquatic animals for biomedical research
on reproductive toxicology. Hnvironm Hlth Perspectives 71: 69-75.
Uindolt, ML and RM Kocan. The sea-surfuce microlayer: A complex mixture which
causes genotoxic damage to fish cells and embryos. In; SS Sandhu, DM
DcMarini, MJ Mass, MM Moore and JL Mumford (Eds), Short-TermIMoassaysin
-------
the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures V. Plenum Press, New York,
pp 225-236.
Becker, DS, TC Ginn, ML Larulolt and DB Powell, Hepatic lesions in English sole
(Parophrys vetulus) from Commencement Bay, Washington (USA), Mar
RnvJronm Res 23; 153-173,
Wcstcmhagcn, HV, ML Landolt, RM Kocan, G Furstcnbc-rg, D Jansscn and K Kromling.
Toxicity of sea-surface microlayer: Effects on herring and turbot embryos. Mar
Environm Res 23: 273-290.
Kocan, RM, HV Westernhagen, ML Landolt and G. Furstenberg. Toxicity of sea-surface
microlayer: Effects of hexane extract on Baltic herring (Cluj>ea harengus) and
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhm) embryos. Mar Environm Res 23:291-305.
1988
Osirander, GK, ML Landolt and RM Kocan. Ontogeny ofcoho salmon (Oncorhynchus
kisuich) behavior following embryonic exposure 10 benzo(a)pyrene. Aquatic
Toxicology 13: 325-346.
J989
Landolt, ML. The relationship between diet and the immune response of fish. Aquaculture
79:193-206.
Ostrander, GK, ML Landolt, and RM Kocan. Whole life history studies of coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) following embryonic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.
Aquatic Toxicology 15:109-126,
Kocan, RM and ML Landolt. Survival and growth to reproductive maturity of coho
stilrr on following embryonic exposure to a model toxicant. Marine Environmental
Research 27; 177-193.
MacMillan, J.R., D. Mulcahy, and M,L, Landolt, Cytopathology and coagulopathy
associated with viral erythrocytic necrosis in chum salmon. J, Aquatic Animal
Health 1:255-262.
1990
Kocan, RM and ML Landolt. Use of herring embryos for in situ and in vitro monitoring of
marine pollution. IN: S.S. Sandhu et al., (Editors), In Situ Evaluations .of
Biologica] Ij^y^rds of Hnyjronmental Pollutants. Plenum Press, New York. pp.
49-60.
Ostrander, GK, JJ Anderson, JP Fisher, ML Landolt and RM Kocan, Decreased performance of
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) emergence behaviors following embryonic
exposure to ben/,o(H)pyrene. Fish. Bulletin 88: 551-555.
1991
Deering, RE, CK Arakawa, KH Oshima, PJ O'Hai'a, NIL Landolt and JR Winton. Development
of a biotinylatcd DNA probe for detection and identification of infectious hematopcneiic
necrosis virus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 11; 57-65.
Baits, WM, ML Landolt, and JR Wimon. Inactivation of infectious hcrnatopoietic necrosis virus
hy low levels of iodine. Appl. Environm. Microhiol. 57: 1379-1385.
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Chien, M-S, TL Gilbcn, C Huang, ML Landolt, PJ O'llara, and JR Wimon. Molecular cloning
and sequence analysis of the gene coding for the 57-kDu major soluble antigen of the
salmonid fish pathogen Kenibactcrium salmoninarum , FEMS Microbiology Letters 96:
259-266,
1394
Huang, C, M-S Chien, ML Landolt and J Winton. Characterization of the infectious hemaiopoiciic
necrosis virus glycoprotein using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms 18: 29-35.
Thorarinsson, R, ML Landolt, DO lilliott, RJ Pwscho, and RW Hardy. Effect of dietary vitamin H
and selenium on growth, survival and the prevalence of Rcnibactcrium salmoninQrum
infection in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshQwytSCha ). Aquacultiire 121; 343-358.
Felton, SP, R Grace and ML Landolt. Significantly higher levels of zinc and copper found in wild
compared to hatchery-reared coho salmon smolts Oncorhynchus kimtch . Diseases of
Aquatic Organisms 18: 233-236.
Oshima, KH, CK Arakawa, KH lligman, ML Landoli, ST Nichol and JR Winton. The genetic-
diversity and epizOOtiology of infectious hcmatopoietic necrosis vims. Virus Research 35;
123-141,
1'ascho, RJ, ML Kandolt and JE Ongerth, Jnactivaiion of Rcnibactcrium salmoninarum by free
chlorine. Aquaculiurc 131; 165-175,
rdton, SP» ML Landolt and R Grace, Hatchery-reared coho salmon achieve body burdens of
selenium similar to those of wild coho: Effects of dietary supplementation on
itnniunocnzymcs and seawater adaptation. Aquacultiire and Fisheries Management (In
Press)
Mulvey, B, ML Landolt and RA Busch. Effects of potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) used in an
Aeromonas salmonicida bactcrin on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish
Diseases (In Press)
Armstrong, DA, PA Dinnel, JM Orcnsan?,, JL Armstrong, TL McDonald, RF Cusimano, RS
Nemeth, ML Landolt, JR Skalski, RF Lee and RJ Huggctt. Status of selected bouomfish
«nd cnistaccan species in Prince William Sound following the Exxon Valdcz oil spill. In:
PG Wells, JN Butler and JS Hughes (Eds.), Exxon Valde?. Oil Spill; Fate and Effects in
Alaskan Waters. ASTM> Philadelphia, pp. 485-547.
Huang, C, M-S Chien, M 1-andolt, W Balls and J Winton. Mapping the. neutralizing epitopes on
the glycoproiein of infectious hcmatopoietic necrosis vims, a fish rhabdovirus. Virology
(In Review)
REPORTS
mso
Felion, SP, ML Lnndolt, WT Iwaoka, US Miller, D DUulio, JE Hose, TC Lloyd and KB
Picrsnn. Cardonoocnic liffects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons onASel&ctad Marine.
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and Estuarine Organisms. Final Report, Contract No. NOl-ES-7-2101, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 120 pp.
J981
Stmtntarg, FT, ML Landolt ami RM Kocan, Alterations in the Frequency of Sistei
Chromatijj Exchanges in Flatfish From Puget Sound. Washington. Following
Experimental and Natural Exposure to Mutapnic Chemicals. NOAA Technical
Memorandum OMPA-30, 43pp.
Landolt, ML, SP Fclton, VM Ligoori, HR Zakour and D DiJulio. Toxicity of Endothall to
Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncvrhynchus tshawytscha V Final Report,
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (METRO), May, 1981, 70 pp.
Dexter, RN, DE Anderson, EA Qulnlan, LS Goldstein, RM Strickland, SP Pavlou, JR
Clayton, RM Kocan and ML Landolt. A Summary of Knowledge of Puget Sound
Related 10 Chemical Contaminants. NOAA Technical Memorandum OMPA-13,
Chapter K), pp 395-423,
im
Chapman, PM, GA Vigers, MA Farrell, RN Dexter, EA Quinlan, RM Koc.an and ML
Landeslt. Survey of Biological Effects of Toxicants Upon Puge.t Sound biota:...I.
groad-scale Tnxicitv Survey. NOAA Technical Memorandum OMPA-25. 9K pp.
1983
Chapman, PN, DR Munday, J Morgan, R Fink, RM Kocan, ML Ljtndolt and RN Dexter.
Survey of Biological Effects of Toxicants Upon Puget Sound Bio^: II. Tests of
Reproductive Impairment. NOAA Technical Report NOS 302 OMS 1. 58 pp.
1984
Landoll, ML, DB Powell and RM Kocan. Fish Health (Volume VII). In: KK Chew and
QJ Stober (Eds), Rcaton Sewage Treatment Plant Emiect: Scahurst jjaseling
Study. Final Report. Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp.
3985
Landolt, ML, FR Hafer, A Nevissi, G van Belle, K VunNess and C Rockwell, Potential
Toxicant Exposure Among Consumers of Recreationally Caught Fish FromjLJrban
Embavinents of Puget Sound. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 23.
104 pp.
1987
Landoll, ML, D Kalman, A Nevissi, G vanBellc, K VanNess and F Hafer. Potential
Toxicant Exposure Among Consumers of Recreationally Caught Fish From Urban
limbayroents of Pupei Sffltnd: Fjpal Report. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS
OMA 33. lllpp.
Landolt, ML and RM Kocan. Yakima River Histopathology Study. Report to Washington
Department of Ecology and US EPA, Turn water, WA, 28 pp.
1988
Landolt, ML, DA Kalman, and AE Nevissi. Contaminant levels in the edible portion of
recreationally caught fish from Pupci Sound. Washington. NOAA listoary-of-the-Momh
Seminar Series No. 8, Washington, DC. pp. 111-133.
1991
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Landolt, ML and RA Busch, Lake IjnjouFish Jjisiopatholopy Sludv. Report to Washington
Department of Ecology. 22 pp,
19g4
Felton, SP, ML Landolt and R Grace, Tne Reduction pf Haichgry pdAqtiHfM)^]re Piseases by
the Usg of Molepular .Basefl.Therapeutic Nutrition.' Final Report. FRI-UW Report No.
FRI-UW-9401. University of Washington, School of Fisheries, Seattle, WA. 33 pp.
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 981 01
February 5, 1996
Connie Nakano
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 M.L. King S. #214
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Connie,
This letter is to confirm my participation in the Refugee
Federation Service Center's project, "Asian and Pacific Islander
Seafood Consumption Study", as a member of the Technical
Committee.
During the first phase (the planning phase) of the study, I was
both the EPA project manager and a member of the Technical
Committee. However, during the second phase (the implementation
phase) may participation will be limited to technical support.
During the second phase, five percent (5%) of my time will be
devoted to this project. This support will be provided as in-
kind services at $25.00 per hour (note: as in-kind service, no
charges will be billed).
I'm pleased to provide technical support for this study and look
forward to the next part of the project.
Sincerel
Rosearine M. Lorenzana, DVM, PhD, DABT
Toxicologist & Risk Assessor
Region 10 Risk Evaluation Branch
Mail Drop ES-098
attachment: resume (3 pages)
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Experience
US Environmental Protection Agency Position: Toxicologist/Risk Assessor
Region 10 Health & Environ. Assessment Supervisor: Dr. Pat Cirone
Seattle, Washington Date: 12-91 to present
Toxicology/risk assessment expert providing support to the federal Pollution Prevention, Superfund,
Water, Solid Waste and Air programs. Participate in policy and guidance development, provide training, respond
to public inquiries and work in interdisciplinary teams to conduct and/or oversee environmental research.
State of Oregon Position: Section Manager
Health Division Supervisor: Tom Johnson
Portland, Oregon Date: 1-91 to 12-91
Toxicologist and manager of Environmental Toxicology Section. Assess human health effects of chemical
contaminants hi environmental media. Provide consultation, risk assessment, risk communication, and training for
state agencies, the public, and local governments.
State of Washington Position: Toxicologist
Department of Health Supervisor: Carl Sagerser
Olympia, Washington Date: 6-88 to 1-91
Principal toxicologist for state hazardous waste program. Performed exposure and risk assessment, and
determined public health implications. Provided consultation, information, training, grant writing, study design,
policy development, public speaking and risk communication.
Oregon State University Position: Research Fellow
Environmental Health Science Center Supervisors: Drs. Tinsley and Buhler
Corvallis, Oregon Date: 2-86 to 3-88
NIEHS supported study of biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. Areas of research included cyt P-4SO
steroid biosynthesis, immunohistochemistry and endocrine-immune interactions using the rainbow trout model.
University of Illinois Position: Research Associate
College of Veterinary Medicine Supervisor: Dr. William B. Buck
Urbana, Illinois Date: 8-82 to 11-85
Post-DVM graduate and residency program in toxicology. This program included participation in
advanced course work and original research as well as training in diagnostic and clinical toxicology through
participation in the National Animal Poison Control Center.
Available Upon Request
Peer reviewed publications.
Chapters, abstracts, proceedings.
Additional training/continuing education.
Pre-1985 experience in basic research, laboratory animal medicine and wildlife medicine.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and State Agency Work Groups.
References.
1/31/96
two pages
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ROSEANNE M. LORENZANA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue, OEA-095
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-8002 work
Highlights of Career
American Board of Toxicology certified, PhD toxicologist with experience in environmental risk
assessment.
Experienced in both public health toxicology (applied toxicology) and basic research (experimental
toxicology).
Licensed veterinarian with completion of accredited medical/surgery internship and clinical toxicology
residency.
Skilled verbal and written communicator with community groups, scientific peers and regulatory decision
makers.
Instructor of environmental risk assessment and risk communication classes for agency staff, the public
and university level students.
Manager responsible for developing and administering environmental toxicology program for state health
department.
Significant Accomplishments
Leader in development of innovative assessment methods to address exposure issues concerning lead and
arsenic bioavailability, incinerator emissions, pound water contaminants and seafood contaminants.
Project manager for community-based study to obtain accurate (i.e. considers cultural and language
needs) exposure data from Asian and Pacific Islander seafood collectors hi Washington state.
Member of both regional and national USEPA workgroups addressing environmental equity/justice.
Recipient of peer awards for excellence in science and commendable public service.
Member of USEPA national agency workgroup developing methodology for assessment of adult
exposures to environmental lead contamination.
Educational Record
1985. Doctor of Philosophy in veterinary toxicology, University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, Urbana, Illinois
1982. Small Animal Medical and Surgical Internship, California Animal Hospital
Stephen J. Ettinger, Program Director, Los Angeles, California
1981. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine with honors, University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Urbana, Illinois
1977. Bachelor of Science with honors - Biology (major) and Chemistry
University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, Illinois
Certifications and Licensures
Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology Illinois Veterinary Practice
California Veterinary Practice Private Pilot (single engine, land)
Academic Appointments
1990-present Affiliate Faculty, University of Washington, Dept. of Environmental Health, Seattle, WA.
1988-present Adjunct Faculty, Oregon State University, Dept. of Ag. Chem. Research, Corvallis, OR.
1986-1988 Research Fellow, Oregon State University, Dept. of Ag. Chem. Research, Corvallis, OR.
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December 15, 1995
Connie Nakano
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms, Nakano:
The Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study will significantly
contribute to information related to seafood consumption of asians and pacific
islanders. I hope to provide as much technical support as time will allow. I can
spend approximately 1-3% of my time on this project depending on seasonal
work load.
Craig K. McCortnack
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Environmental Consultant
8315-B Fifth Avenue NE
Seattle, Washington 98115
TEL: (206)523-1858
FAX: (206)523-1858
Connie Nakano
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S
Suite 214
Seattle, Washington 98118
December 14, 1995
Dear Connie,
I am pleased to have been asked to participate in your study of Asian and Pacific Islander
Seafood Consumption as a member of the Technical Committee. I have enjoyed our meetings
since last August and look forward to continuing through completion of the study. In support of
the study, the Technical Committee will provide in-kind services to review and help develop the
study design and to help in assessing the results.
I have enclosed a copy of my CV.
In my risk assessment work, I have a strong interest in the variability in exposure factors
across individuals, groups, and populations. The Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood
Consumption Study will address the variability in one important exposure factor, the amount of
seafood within the diet. Such dietary differences among subpopulations and groups can be an
important factor contributing to variability in contaminant exposures and health risks. Previous
studies have shown that certain subpopulations in the Northwest have greater seafood
consumption patterns than typical U.S. populations. I look forward to extending these findings to
the Asian and Pacific Islander populations that are the subject of your study.
Sincerely,
^
Gregory L. "Glass
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Environmental Consultant
8315-B Fifth Avenue NE
Seattle, Washington 98115
(206) 523-1858
QUALIFICATIONS
GREGORY L. GLASS is an environmental consultant specializing in chemical contamination
studies, human health and environmental risk assessments, and quantitative evaluations of
environmental data. He has 20 years of experience in a wide range of project types, focusing in
the last 15 years on hazardous waste and site contamination issues. He has managed and been a
principal investigator for many studies under RCRA, CERCLA/SARA, and MTCA, including
many listed federal Superfund and state MTCA sites. His extensive experience in hazardous
waste studies includes program design and management, field sampling and analysis plans, data
quality objectives, data evaluation, cleanup criteria definition and ARARs review, regulatory
compliance, risk assessment, remedial measures identification, cost allocation analyses, TSD
facility siting studies, and public presentations. Mr. Glass has managed studies for local, state,
and federal agencies and for private firms. He has also served as a technical consultant to
community organizations under Ecology's Public Participation Grant program. Projects have
ranged from small site assessments to multiyear, multimillion-dollar site characterization, remedial
investigation, and permitting studies. He has developed and applied new quantitative methods of
analysis to many data evaluation and decision criteria studies. Mr. Glass established and managed
an environmental regulations advisory group and has performed numerous regulatory and policy
analyses, and also managed multidisciplinary environmental impact and siting studies.
RELEVANT EXPERIENCE
Chemical Contamination Studies
Prepared exposure and risk assessments for the Washington State Department of Ecology's
Endangerment Assessment for areas of residual soil contamination in Ruston, North Tacoma, and
Vashon Island, surrounding the Tacoma Smelter (WA). These areas are included within the
Commencement Bay Superfund site. Provided a technical analysis of background concentrations
of arsenic, cadmium, and lead to support incremental exposure evaluations. Performed a
comprehensive review and evaluation of available epidemiological studies of populations near the
4/01/95
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Tacoma Smelter.
Prepared a substantial revision and update for U.S. EPA Region 10 of the Washington State
Department of Ecology's Endangerment Assessment for residential areas surrounding the Tacoma
Smelter (WA). Performed detailed exposure and risk evaluations for potential arsenic and lead
exposures, and screening assessments for additional contaminants. Prepared a detailed Decision
Memorandum to support the U.S. EPA's determination of cleanup action levels for soil arsenic and
soil lead. Presented an overview of risk assessment methods and results in public and interagency
forums, and prepared portions of the Record of Decision Responsiveness Summary related to risk
assessment and cleanup levels. Provided detailed review and consultation for the Remedial
Investigation Report for the site.
Designed and reviewed detailed statistical evaluations of potential soil sampling approaches for
making cleanup decisions at individual residential properties near the Tacoma Smelter (WA)
Superfond site. Performed with ICF Technology Inc. for U.S. EPA, Region 10. Included application
of EPA's Data Quality Objectives process.
Served as the primary technical consultant to the interagency Air Work Group for studies related to
the ASARCO Tacoma Smelter as part of Commencement Bay (WA) Superfimd site investigations.
Included identification, scoping, evaluation, design, and assessment of over 20 separate studies.
Served as Project Manager for preparation of the Remedial Investigation Work Plan for the Bunker
Hill (ID) Superfond site. Managed negotiation of all work plan elements with U.S. EPA Region 10
and provided detailed scheduling for a multimillion dollar, multiyear Remedial Investigation of one
of the largest designated Superfund sites in the nation.
Managed the Data Quality Objectives process and provided the health risk assessment work plan for
the Queen City Farms (WA) Superfund site Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. Performed
environmental data evaluations and exposure and risk assessments for the site.
Performed a statistical evaluation of accumulated ground water data for the Queen City Farms
Superfund Site to assess possible trends in contaminant concentrations (seasonality and long-term
trend).
Performed statistical evaluations and provided consulting assistance for compliance monitoring and
related issues at the Tacoma Landfill Superfund Site (WA). Provided analyses of background data
to establish selected Early Warning Values for possible further response actions.
Served as Principal Investigator for evaluations of soil and ground water monitoring contaminant data
for the Western Processing (WA) Superfund site. Participated in development of a remedial action
plan for the Potentially Responsible Parties that was subsequently accepted for implementation by
4/01/95 2
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
U.S. EPA and the Washington state Department of Ecology.
Prepared a Compliance Demonstration Work Plan for the Western Processing (WA) Superfund site
to evaluate data collected during ground water remediation and to assess the performance (and likely
duration) of ground water pumping and treatment. Participated in development of a data
management system to support the compliance demonstration evaluations.
Served as the technical consultant to the Northeast Everett Community Organization (NECO), a
community organization that received a Public Participation Grant from Ecology to support
involvement in decisions for cleanup actions at the Everett Smelter (WA) MICA site.
Served as a technical consultant to the Nisqually Delta Association, DuPont Toxics Citizen Oversight
Project (DTCQP), a community organization that received a Public Participation Grant from Ecology
to support involvement in decisions for cleanup actions at the DuPont (WA) MTCA site.
Provided senior review and consultation to Burlington Northern Railroad for Baseline Risk
Assessment and Feasibility Study issues, including remedial action objectives, at the South Tacoma
Field Superfund Site, Tacoma, Washington.
Performed an evaluation of soil and ground water cleanup standards under MTCA for a metals
recycling site located on the former West Seattle (Harbor Avenue) Landfill (WA), in support of an
independent cleanup action and cost allocation negotiations.
Provided technical review for site investigations under MTCA at former Seattle Steel property
acquired by the Port of Seattle for development of the Southwest Harbor Project (WA). Primary
issues related to the chemical characterization and proper handling of slag-containing landfill cover
materials and miscellaneous piles at the property.
Performed an evaluation of required analytical detection limits, based on potential risk-based cleanup
levels or applicable requirements, for the work plan for MTCA site characterization studies at the
Pasco Bulk Fuels Terminal site (WA). Performed evaluations of Phase I remedial investigation data
to screen for potential human health or environmental threats and to define further data collection
needs for Phase II.
Provided peer review of a baseline risk assessment for the Whidbey Naval Air Station (WA)
Superfund Site (Operable Unit 1 landfills), including detailed review comments by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington State Department of Ecology. Prepared a
substantially revised baseline risk assessment report for submittal to the agencies.
Provided technical consultation for investigations of the BPA/OxyChem Tacoma Tideflats site, being
addressed as an independent cleanup action under MTCA. Provided review of site investigation
4/01/95 3
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Work Plan for CH2MH111, the lead consultant.
Prepared a review paper on the structure and application of EPA's Integrated Uptake Biokinetic
(IU/BK) Model for evaluating lead exposures and risks in young children. Included a sensitivity
analysis of the variations in predicted blood lead values as a function of variations in modeling
parameters and assumptions.
Provided technical consultation on the design of a study of metals, especially lead, in Seattle yard
wastes that are sent to the Cedar Grove (WA) composting facility. Reviewed data from Seattle Solid
Waste Utility analysis of sampled yard waste materials and provided evaluations for inclusion in
report on potential sources of metals and related actions.
Performed exposure and risk assessments for the Endangerment Assessment of the NL/Gould
Superfund site in Portland (OR). Provided an evaluation of incorrect published acceptable intake
values for lead and developed corrected values.
Provided review comments on the Draft RI/FS Work Plan for the Tulalip Landfill Superfund Site near
Marysville, Washington. Helped negotiate a final detailed work plan that was accepted by U.S. EPA,
Region 10 as part of a consent decree for starting site investigations.
Provided detailed technical review and consultation to the Washington State Department of Ecology
for the Great Western Chemical Site, Seattle (WA). Reviewed preliminary site investigation data.
Evaluated the proposed Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study and Risk Assessment Work Plan and
provided comments for necessary revisions, focusing on the site risk assessment to be performed and
the development of site cleanup standards.
Provided technical review and consultation to the Washington State Department of Ecology for the
LIDCO site, Kent (WA). Reviewed the extensive data sets from the LIDCO site and the adjacent
Western Processing site. Evaluated the proposed use of available data, and planned collection of
supplemental site data, for completion of a site risk assessment, and provided detailed review
comments. Reviewed the preliminary Baseline Risk Assessment Report.
Performed a human health and environmental risk assessment for the General Metals site, Tacoma
(WA). The evaluation focused on stormwater discharges and potential marine water/sediment
contamination.
Assessed opportunities for early source reduction actions and ground water pollution prevention
through better analysis of existing ground water monitoring data. Performed with Adolfson
Associates, Inc. for U.S. EPA, Region 10. Focus of project was on development of a conceptual
process and framework to achieve such pollution prevention goals. Included conceptual design of
ground water data analysis tools and test applications to selected ground water monitoring data sets.
4/01/95 4
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Performed an evaluation of human health and environmental risks associated with existing and
potential future Region 10 Superfund sites (CERCLA/SARA) in support of a comprehensive U.S.
EPA Region 10 Comparative Risk Study, Reviewed approximately 20 completed risk assessments
for sites in Region 10,
Performed an evaluation of cumulative potential risks from all Washington State Superfund sites as
part of the Washington Environment 2010 study. Included a review of available risk assessments for
state sites.
Developed protocols for the site-specific determination of contaminant background concentrations,
for use in defining cleanup criteria at Washington State MTCA sites. Prepared for Washington State
Department of Ecology. Also provided consultation to Ecology for development of the Model
Toxics Control Act regulations and preparation of a SEPA Environmental Impact Statement on the
proposed Cleanup Regulation (Chapter 173-340 WAC).
Provided technical review and comments to the Washington State Department of Ecology during
agency development of draft sampling guidance under MTCA.
Provided technical guidance and performed detailed assessments of statistical issues involved in the
determination of cleanup standards based on background data under the Model Toxics Control Act,
for the Washington State Department of Ecology. Performed senior technical review of and
contributed to a statistics guidance document issued by Ecology for use by program staff and affected
parties under the Model Toxics Control Act. Participated in Ecology Workshop for EPA staff
describing the statistical procedures included in guidance.
Provided technical review and consultation for Ecology on statistical issues related to characterization
and cleanup of the Hanford facility (WA). Prepared technical review comments for Ecology on a
Hanford study using Monte Carlo techniques to evaluate the comparative performance of various
statistical tests of compliance with background-based cleanup standards.
Provided technical review to EPA Region 10 for statistical determination of ground water
background concentrations of monitoring constituents for the ASARCO Tacoma Smelter (WA).
Performed detailed statistical evaluations of ground water background concentrations for
development of a compliance monitoring and detection monitoring program for the Mica Landfill
Superfund Site, Spokane County, Washington. Performed for the Washington State Department of
Ecology.
Provided a technical summary of data relevant to human gastrointestinal absorption and plant uptake
of arsenic from soil in support of Washington State Department of Ecology rulemaking under the
Model Toxics Control Act.
4/01/95
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Provided consultation to Unocal for performance of a risk assessment and development of cleanup
criteria under a Consent Order for a site with ground water contamination in Anchorage (AK).
Performed a preliminary assessment of cleanup criteria for soil lead based on potential human health
risks for the City of Skagway (AK).
Performed a review of the toxicity associated with exposures to carbon disulfide for the Leichner
Brothers Landfill site (WA).
Reviewed and evaluated a risk assessment prepared by U.S. EPA, Region 10 for PCB exposures at
the Northwest Transformer Everson (WA) site.
Performed a detailed review of published health risk values for 1,1-dichloroethylene. Discussions
with EPA/CAG resulted in modification of the published oral potency factor for use in a Superfund
site risk assessment (WA).
Performed a review and evaluation of PAH remedial action cleanup criteria for soils at sites in
Washington.
Provided graphical data plots and statistical summaries of ground water monitoring data for the Puget
Sound Byproducts Plant in Tacoma, Washington.
Reviewed and evaluated the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Endangerment Assessment,
and other studies for the Cascade Pole wood treating site in Olympia (WA). Served as Project
Manager for development of a new remedial alternative for the site and for the design and
performance of additional site investigations.
Provided technical support and consultation to attorneys representing one Potentially Liable Person
(PLP) at the Cascade Pole site in Olympia (WA). Prepared for defense of claims (contribution
actions) against that PLP by other PLPs for the site.
Provided a technical review and evaluation of the Remedial Investigation Report and Feasibility Study
Work Plan for the Colbert Landfill (WA) Superfund site for attorneys representing the designated
Potentially Responsible Parties.
Provided a review and initial assessment of hydrocarbon contamination at the Pacific Northern Oil
site (WA).
Managed the preparation of a RCRA Part B Permit Application for the Boeing Auburn (WA)
manufacturing plant. Included extensive hydrogeologic site characterization studies.
4/01/95
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Cuniciilum Vitae
Managed aRCRA-compliance ground water monitoring program for operating TSD facilities at the
Boeing Auburn (WA) manufacturing plant.
Managed the preparation of a ground water assessment study triggered by ground water monitoring
data at the Boeing Auburn (WA) manufacturing plant.
Managed the preparation of a RCRA waste delisting petition for the Boeing Auburn (WA)
manufacturing plant. Delisting was approved by U.S. EPA.
Served as Project Manager for TSD Facility closure under RCRA at the Boeing Auburn (WA)
manufacturing plant.
Prepared a limited RCRA Part B Permit Application, including TSD Facility closure and ground
water monitoring program, for the Boeing of Portland (OR) manufacturing plant.
Performed regulatory and statistical data evaluations for RCRA closure of multiple TSD units at
Waste Management's Arlington (OR) hazardous waste disposal site.
Performed detailed statistical analyses of closure data for the Chemical Processors, Inc. Parcel A
RCRA site in Tacoma (WA).
Provided consultation on revisions to RCRA closure plans for multiple active TSD facilities operated
by Chemical Processors, Inc. (WA).
Performed statistical data evaluations of ground water chemistry data from monitoring wells at the
Weyerhaeuser Olympia facility (WA).
Conducted a RCRA compliance audit for the International Paper Company's Longview (WA) facility,
including three separate operating divisions.
Served as Project Manager for a study of drilling mud reserve pit discharges at Prudhoe Bay (AK)
involving exceedances of chromium discharge limitations.
Served as technical reviewer and consultant on detailed statistical analyses of RCRA ground water
monitoring data collected for active TSD facilities at a manufacturing site (WA).
Performed Remedial Investigation data evaluations for soil and ground water contaminant data for
the Toftdahl Drum and Frontier Hard Chrome Superfund sites (WA).
Designed a contaminant screening investigation for an industrial site near the Duwarnish River (WA)
to provide information for a potential sale of the property.
4/01/95 7
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Managed a site screening investigation for contaminants at the proposed Pier 2 West Yard expansion
site for the Port of Seattle (WA).
Served as the Principal Investigator for evaluation of soil and ground water PCB contamination at
a former disposal site near the Duwamish River (WA). Provided technical and regulatory evaluations
in support of real estate appraisals of site value for property transfer.
Performed a site selection study for a proposed hazardous waste treatment facility in western
Washington. Conducted for a private industrial firm.
Performed site characterization and data evaluations for arsenic contamination of a Duwamish River
(WA) industrial site. Conducted for a potential buyer of the property.
Provided technical assessments for the attorney representing an industrial firm (WA) in preparing a
response to a U.S. EPA enforcement order under RCRA.
Provided a deposition as an expert witness in litigation involving contamination of private property
by arsenic, cadmium, and other heavy metals from Tacoma Smelter (WA) air emissions.
Provided a deposition on chemical characterization and leaching of ASARCO Tacoma Smelter (WA)
slag as evaluated in 1979-1981.
Provided a deposition as an expert witness in litigation involving remedial action cost contributions
among Potentially Responsible Parties at a Superfund site in Washington.
Performed data evaluations and regulatory assessments for residual contamination at the Portland
(OR) plant of Rhone Poulenc.
Prepared a case study of storm drain contaminated sediment removal actions in Puget Sound (WA)
for a national handbook for estuarine program managers.
Environmental Impact Statements
Prepared major portions of a Washington State (SEP A) EIS for the development of cleanup standards
for state Superfund sites under the Model Toxics Control Act. Washington State Department of
Ecology was the lead agency.
Provided technical review and consultation on the Washington State (SEPA) EIS for Sediment
Cleanup Standards developed by the Washington State Department of Ecology.
4/01/95
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Served as Project Manager for preparation of Draft and Final EISs under SEPA for continued
operation (post-1981) of the ASARCO Tacoma Smelter (WA). The Puget Sound Air Pollution
Agency was the lead agency. Performed technical evaluations of acid precipitation impacts and SOX,
lead, and arsenic health effects from smelter operations.
Managed the preparation of an EIS to comply with Washington State's SEPA process for a proposed
new Burlington Northern rail line connection traversing the City of Seattle's Cedar River Watershed
(WA).
Managed the preparation of an EIS under NEPA for a proposed regional landfill on the Port Gamble
Klallam Tribe reservation (WA). The Bureau of Indian Affairs was the lead agency.
Performed net energy impacts evaluation (including development of an assessment approach) for the
light rail transit system and associated highway improvements of the Banfield Project in Portland
(OR), as part of an EIS under NEPA for the Oregon State Department of Transportation.
Performed a net energy impacts analysis for the proposed regional Evergreen East shopping center
(WA) as part of a Washington State (SEPA) EIS.
Performed regulatory and environmental compliance reviews for two high-voltage transmission lines
(WA) for EISs under NEPA for the Bonneville Power Administration.
Performed air quality baseline evaluations as part of a site selection EIS under NEPA for the U.S.
Navy Puget Sound Homeporting project (WA).
Siting and Other Environmental Studies
Performed evaluations of alternative sites for offshore oil platform assembly in Washington State for
a major U.S. oil company.
Managed and developed decision criteria for a nuclear power plant siting study in Maryland for the
Baltimore Gas & Electric Company.
Evaluated alternative product pipeline routes for the Nokota Coal Gasification Project. Alternative
routes encompassed an area from U.S. west coast ports to Chicago.
Performed an evaluation of alternative sites in Minnesota for a proposed major forest products
manufacturing plant.
Developed a scope of work for environmental studies and provided data evaluations for a proposal
to the Synthetic Fuels Corporation for a grant for the Beach-Wibaux Coal Gasification Project (ND
4/01/95 9
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
and MT). Based on the developed proposal, a grant was awarded by the Synthetic Fuels Corporation
to Tenneco.
Directed a sediment characterization study for proposed dredging near Terminal 5 for the Port of
Seattle (WA).
Provided a permitting analysis for floodplain management issues for a proposed regional shopping
center in Skagit County (WA),
Developed a method for reviewing potential impacts in Commencement Bay (WA) nearshore areas
for projects requiring Section 10/404 permits. Study performed for Seattle District Corps of
Engineers,
Performed environmental evaluations for the proposed Red Dog Mining Project in northwestern
Alaska. Conducted for COMINCO.
Conducted a study of the major natural hazards of the Appalachian region and prepared a manual for
residents of the region, Conducted for the Appalachian Regional Commission.
Provided technical support for the National Flood Insurance Program. Conducted field trials in
California and Washington of a new approach to assessing and mapping alluvial fan flood hazards.
Established and managed an environmental regulations advisory group serving a 1,200-person
consulting firm and its clients.
Served as a special assistant to the head of the National Flood Insurance Program with responsibility
for database management, feasibility studies, policy and regulatory analyses, and coordination with
federal, state, and local officials.
TECHNICAL PANELS
Invited member of a Nominal Group Technique panel evaluating alternative sites for a proposed coal-
fired power plant for the Atlantic Electric Company (NJ).
Invited speaker on risk assessment practices and issues at the Science Behind Environmental Law
Seminar of the Washington State Bar Association in February 1993.
Invited speaker at the Science and Policy Forurn of the Washington State Department of Ecology in
October 1994.
4/01/95
10
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GREGORY L. GLASS
Curriculum Vitae
Participant in Design Review Meeting for EPA Region 10 reorganization project in March 1995.
Member of Washington State Department of Ecology Risk Assessment Forum TPH Subcommittee
in 1995.
EDUCATION
B.A., Mathematics and Psychology, Yale University, 1969
—, Quantitative Psychology, University of Colorado, 1972-1974
AFFILIATIONS
1987-Present:
1986-1987;
1976-1986:
1975-1976:
Independent Consultant
Tetra Tech, Inc.
Bellevue, Washington
Dames & Moore
Bethesda, Maryland and Seattle, Washington
National Flood Insurance Program
Washington, DC
4/01/95
11
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i METRO WPCD 206 SS4 1741 1995-12-13 IS: 43 #033 p. 02--'02
King County Department of Metropolitan Services
Exchange Building * 821 Second Ave. » Seattle, WA 98104-1598 » (206)684-1280
December 13,1995
Ms. Connie Nakano
EPA/API Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Re: Letter of Acceptance for Providing In-Kind Services to Technical Committee for
Asian/Pacific Islanders Seafood Consumption Study
Dear Connie;
This letter acknowledges that I am available to provide in-kind services to me Technical
Committee for the Asian/Pacific Islanders Seafood Consumption Study. I anticipate that I will
be providing approximately 4-8 hours per month to tMs project, on average (approximately 2
hrs/mo. for Technical Committee meetings, plus 2-6 hrs/mo. reviewing technical materials,
providing written comments, etc.). Based on 4-8 hrs/mo., for 12 mos. (assumed 2,080 hour work
year), this would represent roughly 2,3-4,6% of my professional time. TMs time estimate does
not include other time that I am devoting to related seafood consumption issues (in general) on
behalf of the King County Department of Metropolitan Services' Water Pollution Control
Department.
Please feel free to call me at (206) 684-1258, contact me by fax at (206) 684-1741, or send me an
e-mail (jon.sMelds@metrokc.gov) should you have any questions, comments, or concerns.
Sincerely,
Snathan I Shields, M.P.H.
Water Quality Planner
JIS:jis
cc: Bob Swartz
Water Pollution Control Department * Clean Water— .A Sound Investment
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NAME/POSITION TITLE
Jonathan I. Shields, M.P.H., Technical Committee member
EDUCATION
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, College of Arts and Sciences, Section of Ecology, Systematic?, and Evolutionary
Biology, Ithaca, NY; Bachelor of Arts, May 1980; Biological Sciences
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Sciences, New York, NY;
Master of Public Health, January 1985; Environmental Sciences (concentration in Environmental Toxicology)
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
TETRA TECH, INC., Bellevue, WA (5/85-4/86)
Conducted risk assessments of human consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish, risks from Superfund-
level hazardous waste sites, including arsenic in copper smelter emissions, PCBs and dioxins at a transformer
recycling site, and aquatic application of herbicides.
PARAMETRIX, INC., JflrWand, WA (5/86-7/94)
Human Health Toxicologist (4/91—7/94}
Provided technical expertise on risk assessment, toxicology and public health issues related to hazardous
and infectious wastes. Provided expert testimony on proposed hazardous air pollutant regulations.
Prepared risk assessments of impacts of mining operations on edible fish species, municipal wastewater
reclamation and reuse, and migration of toxic trace contaminants in subsurface landfill gas.
Public HeaHh Specialist (S/86-4/91)
Supervised risk assessments and landfill gas and air sampling programs for Midway Landfill Rl/FS;
provided toxicology expertise; developed hazardous waste site ranking tools for Washington and Oregon.
Corporate Health and Safety Officer (5/86—4/91)
Developed and managed Superfund/WISHA-level health and safety, medical monitoring, and record-
keeping programs; supervised on-site field activities at hazardous waste operations.
Quality Assurance QJJtetr (10/92-7/94)
Conducted QA/QC audits of a multimillion-dollar long-term marine monitoring program for tributyltin in
shellfish tissue, water and sediments.
[Contracted to provide professional technical services to: ]
KING COUNTY DEPT. OF METROPOLITAN SERVICES, Seattle, WA (7/94—present)
Provide guidance to Metro upper management on NPEES permitting and environmental compliance issues.
Oversee risk assessments related to reclamation and reuse of wastewater from Metro's treatment plants.
Prepare risk communication materials aimed at regulatory agencies, water purveyors, and potential customers
of reclaimed wastewater. Participate in technical committee for U.S. EPA-sponsore4 seafood consumption
study, and Washington regulatory subcommittee of PNPCA Water Reclamation and Reuse Committee.
FT TRT .TC ATTONS/REPORTS
The following reports, prepared in whole or in part by Mr, Shields, included evaluation of risks 10 human
health from consumption of chemically contaminated fish and shellfish.
Tetra Tech, Inc. My 10, 1985. Strandley Scrap Metal/Manning Property focused feasibility study. Prepared
by Tetra Tech, Inc. Prepared for Seattle City Light, Seattle, Washington. 214p. •+• appendices.
Tetra Tech, lac. September 1985. Health risk assessment for aquatic application of the herbicide 2,4-D in
-------
i. MllttLUS, M.P.H. — (page 2)
the control of Eurasian watermilfoil. Prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. Prepared for Evans-Hamilton, Inc.,
Seattle, Washington and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, Seattle, Washington. IQQp,
Tetra Tech, Inc. February 1986. Bioaeeumulatkm monitoring guidance. 6. Assessment of potential human
health hazards from priority pollutants in edible marine organisms. Prepared by Tetra Tech, Ice. Prepared
for Marine Operations Division, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency WH-556M, Washington, D.C. 66p. + appendices.
Parametrix, Inc. December 2, 1991. Derivation of a site-specific water quality criterion for thallium in Big
Creek, Iron County, Missouri (Draft). Prepared by ParametrLx, Inc. Prepared for Asareo Missouri Lfead
Company. 18p. + appendices.
Parametrix, Inc. December 18, 1991. Comments of the Antimony Oxide Industry Association on EPA's
proposed ambient water quality criteria for antimony. Prepared by Paratnetrix, Inc. Prepared for the
Antimony Oxide Industry Association. 18p.
Parametrix, Inc. December 20, 1991. A focused assessment of human health risk: Lower Coeur d'Alene
River drainage and Lake Coeur d'Aleoe. Prepared by Pararoetrix, Inc. in association with Environmental
Toxicology International, Inc. Prepared for Council for Mineral Information, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. 16p.
4- appendices.
Paramfttrix, Inc. May 1993. Human health risk assessment for the Final Creek WQARF site, Gila County,
Arizona. Prepared by Parametrix, Inc. in association with Kleinfelder, Inc. Prepared for the Pinal Creek
Group, Claypool, Arizona and Hydro Geo Chem, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. 153p. + appendices.
PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS/PRESENTATIONS
* Presented talk on risk assessment of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse, Pacific Northwest
Pollution Control Association meetings, Seattle, Washington. November 97 1993.
* Poster exhibited at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Risk Assessment ofTrthuiyhin
Residues in Seafood Throughout the United States: Monitoring Results and Risk Assessment.
November 1991.
CONTINtJING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
• Participating in Technical Committee of U.S. EPA-sponsored Asian/Pacific Islanders Seafood
Consumption Study on behalf of Refugee Federation Service Center, Seattle, Washington.
* Participating in Water Reclamation and Reuse Committee of the Pacific Northwest Pollution Control
Association, including Washington regulatory subcommittee.
« Attended series of U.S. EPA workshops on establishing ambient water quality criteria and risk-based
fish/shellfish consumption advisories. Seattle, WA. November 29-December 2, 1994.
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Hgnyrs;
Distinguished Undergraduate' Teaching Award. June 1993.
College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences
University of Washington,
Selected as Committee Co-chair of "Hood Production And SnsUinabilily" for Presidential While House
Council Forum on Meeting the- Challenge: Health, Safety and Food for America. Organized by Office of
Technology Assessment (OTA), Washington, D,C November 71-27, 1994.
1 lonorary Life Member Award, World Aquanjlture Society. February 1 995.
Accomplishment1; in Kesearch and Development to Assist the Shellfish Industry;
development of the- triploid (neutered) oyster through Sea Grant research at the
University of Washington, Published (1990) manual with accompanying vidro with former students
Stan Allen and Sandra Downing on how to produce the "all sciiw.sn" Pacific oyster for industry use. The
largest oyster hatchery in the world (Coast Seafoods Inc.) located at Quilcene, Washington, now
annunlly produces over 20 billion eyed oyster larvae with over 50% trjploidy for use in industry.
Extensive stud ies conducted on methodologies to enhance Manila clam culture, one of tho most important
commercial steamer clam on the west coast of the U.S. An important 1992 Sea Grant manual entitled
"Guide to Manila Clam Culture in Washington" was published with former graduate sludenls (who all
worked on the Manila dam project) and used extensively by commercial shellfish growers as well as
private beach owners,
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STATE OF WASHINGTON
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Olympia, Washington 98504
December 13, 1995
Connie Nakano, Project Director
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Connie,
This letter is to confirm my commitment to participate on the Technical Advisory
Committee of the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study for the duration
of the study. I understand that this may involve monthly meetings, as well as review of
materials between meetings.
Sincerely,
Juliet VanEenwyk, Ph.D.
Director, Non-Infectious Conditions Epidemiology
JV:jl
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i.rupni TPY
PI
PR?
VITA
NAME
Juliet VanEenwyk
ADDRESS
EDUCATION
HOME
4440 Frontier Drive, SE
Olympia, WA 98501
(206) 493-1592
WORK
Washington State Department of
Health
Office of Epidemiology
1102 Quince Street
P.O. Box 47812
Olympia, WA 98504-7812
(206) 705-6051
Internet: JXV0303
©HUB.DOH.WA.GOV
University of Illinois in Chicago, School of Public Health, Department of
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ph.D., 1990.
CO. Jung Institute, Zurich, Switzerland, non-degree student in Depth
Psychology, 1976-1977.
Roosevelt University, Chicago, M.S. in Clinical Psychology, with
honors, 1975,
Harvard University, Cambridge, B.A. in Social Relations, cum laude, 1971.
INTERNSHIPS
1973-1974, Psychology Intern, Ray Graham Association for the
Handicapped, Addison, IL: Behavior modification programming, staff
training; parental training and counseling.
1969-1970, Psychology Intern, Fernald State School, Waltham, MA:
Behavior modification programming, counseling, research assistant.
EXPERIENCE
1994, Section Director, Non-Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Washington
State Department of Health, Olympia, WA: Provision of epidemiologic
expertise and collaboration on public health projects investigating non-
infectious diseases and conditions; development of surveillance infrastructure;
supervision of others engaged in similar tasks in the section.
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EXPERIENCE
(continued)
1992-1994, Epidemiologist, Washington State Department of Health,
Office of Toxic Substances, Olympia, WA: Investigation of environmentally
related disease clusters; generation and interpretation of epidemiologic data
for community assessment; technical support and scientific consultation for
Department of Health Environmental Health Programs.
1990-1992, Epidemiologist, Illinois Department of Public Health,
Office of Policy and Planning, Chicago, IL: Generation and
interpretation of epidemiologic data to aid in state and local public
policy decisions and planning.
health
1987-1990, Teaching Assistant, Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatisucs, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL: Seminar leader, lecturer and
teaching assistant.
1987-1989, Project Director, Cervical Dysplasia Project, University of
Illinois, Chicago, IL: Co-principal investigator and director of multi-center
case-control study of nutrition and cervical dysplasia funded by the American
Cancer Society, Illinois Division,
1981-1985, Private Practice and Consulting, Chicago, IL: Counseling mildly
to moderately retarded adults and their families; psychometric testing;
teaching behavior analysis and therapy to direct service personnel.
1975-1976 and 1978-1980, Counselor, Jewish Vocational Service, Chicago,
IL: evaluation of and counseling with emotionally disturbed and
developmentally disabled adults.
INTERNATIONAL
EXPERIENCE
1971-1972, Chairperson, Mathematics Department, Maggotty Junior
Secondary School, Jamaica, W,L; Responsible for organization of
mathematics program, supervision of teachers, mathematics instruction,
HONORS
Summer 1969, Participant in Crossroads Africa: Manual labor in the
construction of & school in southern Chad.
1985-1989, Graduate College Fellowship, University of Illinois,
Chicago, IL
Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society
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PEER REVIEW
PUBLICATIONS
OTHER
PUBLICATIONS
AND REPORTS
PRESENTATIONS
Jovanovic, B., Precis, S., Davis, F, and VanEenwyk, J. Nutrient
Density Model Revisited. Nutrition Research, 14(5):765~774, 1994.
Amburgey, C.F., VanEenwyk, J,, Davis, F.G., Bowen, P., Persky,
V, and Goldberg, J, Undernutrition as a risk factor for cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia: a case-control analysis. Nutrition and Cancer,
20(1):51-60, 1993.
VanEeawyk, J., Davis, F.G. and Colman, N. Foiate, vitamin C and
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiology, Biornarkers and
Prevention, 1:119-124, 1992.
VanEenwyk, J., Davis, F.G. and Bowen, P.E. Dietary and serum
carotenoids and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. International Journal of
Cancer, 48:34-38, 1991.
Sugarman, J.R, and VanEenwyk, J, Adverse Reproductive Outcomes
on the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, 1982-1992, Final Report
to the Shoalwater Bay Tribal Council. October, 1993.
VanEenwyk, J. The Role of Vitamins In the Development of Cervical
Cancer. The Nutrition Report, 11(1), 1993,
Illinois Department of Public Health. Statewide Health Needs Assessment:
Toward a Healthy Illinois 2000. September, 1993. VanEenwyk, J.
included as a major contributor.
Ferguson, R. and VanEenwyk, J. The effect of socio-economic status on
repeat teen births in-Chicago, Illinois, In: Illinois Department of Public
Health and Institute for Government and Public Affairs at the University of
Illinois (eds.), Opportunities for Action: Policies for Addressing Repeat Births
to Teens and Single Young Adults, 1991.
Small Area Analysis in Washington. Second Conference of Statistics and
Computing in Disease Clustering, National Cancer Institute and Electric
Power Research Institute, Vancouver', Canada, 1994
Respiratory Health in Port Angeles, Washington. American Public Health
Association, San Fransiseo, CA, 1993.
Clusters of Non-Infectious Disease, Washington State Infectious Disease
Conference, Yakima, WA, 1993.
Respiratory Health in Port Angeles: Setting the Stage and Collecting Data.
Washington State Data Users Conference, Yakima, WA, 1993.
Tracking Outcomes for Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant
Funded Programs. Illinois Public Health Association, Peoria, IL, 1992,
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PRESENTATIONS Using Hospital Discharge Data for Surveillance, American Public
(continued) Health Association, Atlanta, GA, 1991.
Folates, Vitamin C and Cervical Intraepithelial Neolplasia. International
Association for Cancer Registries, Hamburg, Germany, 1990.
Carotenoids and Cervical Intraepithelial Neolplasia. Society for
Epidemiologic Research, Snowbird, UT, 1990.
GRANTS Centers for Disease Control, 1991 ($500,000): Co-investigator for the Illinois
State and Community-Based Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.
Public Health Foundation, 1990 ($35,000): Co-principal investigator to
develop computer system to evaluate local public health programming.
University of Illinois Biomedical Sciences Research Grant, 1990 ($6,500):
Co-investigator, for malnutrition and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia project.
American Cancer Society, Illinois Division, 1987 ($35,000); Co-principal
investigator for nutrition and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia project.
Illinois Cancer Council Developmental Funds Grant, 1987 ($10,000): Co-
principal investigator for nutrition and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
project,
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Lauren Elizabeth Evans, MD.
Rainier Center Clinic
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S.
Suite 217
Seattle, WA, 98118
(206) 722-7786
EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE
Private Practice
Primary Care, 7/94-present
Serving Seattle's immigrants and particularly the Southeast Asian community.
American Red Cross-Cambodia
Medical Coordinator, 4/93-11/93
Coordinated the medical activities of AmCross with the Cambodian Ministry of Health,
International Committee of the Red Cross, other National Red Cross Societies,
International and Non-Governmental Organizations working in Cambodia.
Technical Advisor to the Kampong Speu Provincial Health Department.
Representative of the international NGO's working in Kampong Speu Province to the Provincial
Coordinating Committee Secretariat.
Directed AmCross medical activities at Kampong Speu Provincial Hospital including Nursing
Inservice Education; Physician Continuing Medical Education, and Hospital Management
Committee.
Consultant to Surgery, General Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Pediatric,
Obstetrics/Gynecology, and Intensive Care Wards Kampong Speu Provincial Hospital.
Planned projects, prepared project proposals, work plans, job descriptions, monthly reports.
Served as an advisor at seminars presented by WHO and the Ministry of Health training
Provincial Health Directors to set goals, objectives, and write project plans.
Served on MEDICAM (Cambodia's NGO Medical Professional Association) Primary Health Care
Committee, Provisional Steering Committee, and participated in the rewriting of the
Charter.
International Rescue Committee-Thailand, Khao I Dang Refugee Camp, Thai-Cambodian
border
Out-Patient Department Coordinator (5/90-3/93)
UNHCR Repatriation Medical Officer (12/91-3/93)
Supervisor of Extremely Vulnerable Individuals' Repatriation (12/91-3/93)
Supervision of 55 Khmer and 3 expatriate Out-Patient Department staff.
Provided general primary medical care.
Consulted in the hospital wards, the Rehabilitation Unit, the Traditional Medicine Center and
Psychiatric Ward, the Public Health Department, and the Maternal Child Health Clinics.
Oversaw daily clinical teaching, and Continuing Medical Education Seminars.
Reorganized the OPD structure to institute Khmer self-management which included improving
the clinical skills of the Medics so that most of them could work independently.
Identified and evaluated Medically-at-Risk patients (predominantly pediatric congenital heart
defects) and with approval of the MAR Committee acted as advocate for their
compassionate emigration for life saving medical and/or surgical treatment. This
involved much correspondence with third countries who accept such cases and donors
who are able to finance their treatment.
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Identified and was involved in investigating and reporting the unusually large isolated outbreak
of Beriberi in KID over a period of approximately 1 1/2 years which resulted in an
improvement in the food ration for camp residents.
Active in the development of protocols for Medical Screening of the 380,000 displaced Khmer
living in camps in Thailand upon their Repatriation to Cambodia (1992-93) including
'Extremely Vulnerable Individuals' (EVl's).
Recruited and supervised expatriate and Khmer medical staff of the Repatriation Staging/Transit
Area; and acted as a liaison for the coordination of the activities involved in repatriation
of the EVl's from KID and also those residual cases left after the closure of the other
camps who moved to KID because of their complicated situations.
Escorted the most severely ill and handicapped upon closure of KID Camp when they were
transported by bus and train to facilities in Phnorn Penh.
My contract ended with the closure of Khao I Dang Camp and the termination of IRCs medical
work on the Thai-Cambodian Border,
Private Practice, Seattle, Washington
1986-1990
Primary Care Medicine.
On Staff at Riverton General Hospital and Highline Hospital.
Vice Chief of Staff Riverton General Hospital, 1989.
Served as medical consultant for girls at the Ruth Dykeman Children's Center.
University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas.
Research Technician, Department of Reproductive Biology, 1976-1977
Project: The role of Prostaglandins in the synthesis of FSH and LH in rat testes.
Hermann Hospital, Houston Texas
Critical Care Registered Nurse, Surgical Intensive Care and Trauma Unit, 1975*1977
Peace Corps- San Pedro Sula, Honduras.
Nursing Instructor, Leonardo Martinez V Hospital, 1973-1975
Trained 90 Practical Nurses who were working without any prior training in the government run
400 bed Leonardo Martinez V Hospital.
Worked with community health workers and missions who ran small clinics in surrounding
villages to set up a referral system to the hospital.
EDUCATION
Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, BSRN, Nursing, 1969.
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, MD, 1981.
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, Surgical Internship, 1981-1982.
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, Residency in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, 1982-1984.
OTHER SKILLS
Languages: English, Khmer (Cambodian), Spanish, Thai, French. I am learning Vietnamese at
present.
WASHINGTON STATE MEDICAL LICENSE: 0023634 12/95
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PUGET SOUNDKEEPER.. ALLIANCE
Protecting & Enhancing Puget Sound
'tis W. DRAWS
SEATTLE,
WASHINGTON
98119
PHONE
206. 286.1309
FACSIMILE
106. 286.1082
February 6, 1996
'Connie Nakano . .
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin'Luther King Jr. Way S.'
Seattle WA 98118' ...
Dear Connie,
With this letter we offer our support for the Asian and
Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study. I also agree to
serve on the Advisory Committee for this Study and to assist
in any other way deamed appropriate and within our
resources. t
I look forward to working with you and the other committee
members on a project we consider very important and
significant for the Asian and Pacific Islander communities
of the- Pacific Northwest. " A i
Sincerely,
Roberta M. Gunn
Executive.Director
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
Reply To
Attn Of: WD-139
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way So.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
I will be happy to provide service on the Advisory Committee
on the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study. I
will provide in-kind match time to the life of the grant through
Phase 2 of this study to its completion.
The study is of great potential benefit to the Asian Pacific
Islander community because they are believed to consume and
prepare seafoods in many ways which may contribute to contaminant
exposure and health risk. The information that will be developed
through troiir study will directly contribute to the development of
more protective water quality standards.
I am pleased to see the progress of the study so far and
look forward to providing further support to the next part of the
project. If you have any questions, you may call me at
(206) 553-0176.
Sinajerely,
Marcia Lagerloef 0
Water Quality Standards Coordinator
Water Quality Unit
O
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Marcia G. Lagerloef
EPA
Mail Stop WD-139
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
EDUCATION
EMPLOYMENT
EXPERIENCE
M.S, Biological Oceanography, 1972, University of
Washington
B.S. Biology, cum laude, 1968, Bucknell University
Management of environmental programs, with an
emphasis on water quality
Water Quality Standards Coordinator, EPA, 1991-
present
Support states and tribes in development and
review of water quality standards for surface
waters to protect human health and aquatic
organisms. Particular areas of emphasis:
human health criteria, biological criteria,
tribal policy and environmental justice
concerns related to water quality protection.
Chief, Environmental Evaluation Branch, EPA, 1985-
1987
Chief, Ocean Programs Section, EPA, 1983-1985
Chief, Water Permits Section, EPA, 1981-1983
Chief, Marine Outfall Modification Section, EPA,
1980-1981
.Research program development and funding, conduct
of marine research.
Consultant to Puget Sound Water Quality Authority,
1991
Senior Oceanographer, NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research, 1988-1990
Oceanographer, Committee on Research, Puget Sound
Water Quality Authority, 1987-1988
Assistant to the Director, NOAA Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory, 1977-1980
Assistant Program Director,
Biological
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Oceanography, National Science Foundation, 1973-
1976
Research Assistant, Chesapeake Bay Institute, The
Johns Hopkins University, 1968-1969, 1972-1973
COMMUNITY Board Member, Bainbridge Education Support Team
EXPERIENCE
Board Member, South Bainbridge Community
Association
Chair, Bainbridge Island Shorelines Management
Program Workgroup
St. Barnabas Church Vestry
Co-chair, Blakely Elementary School Environmental
Enrichment Program
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
Utilization Research Division
2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle, Washington 98112
Telephone (206) 860-3380
FAX (206) 860-3394
Ms. Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way South
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano,
I would be pleased to continue to provide service on the Advisory Committee on
the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study. I will provide in kind
match time to the life of grant through Phase 2 of this study to its completion.
The study is greatly beneficial to the Asian and Pacific Islander community because
they are believed to consume and prepare seafoods in many ways which may
contribute to contaminant exposure and health risks.
I am pleased to see the progress of the study so far and look forward to providing
further support to the next part of the project.
Sincerely,
John C. Wekell, PhD.
Research Chemist
Printed on Recycled Paper
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STATE OF WASHINGTON
DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
Mail Stop PV-n • Olympia, Washington 98504-8711 • (206)459-6000
February 15,1996
Ms. Connie Nakano
EPA/API Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
RE: Letter of Acceptance for Providing In-Kind Services to Advisory Committee for Asian
and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Dear Connie:
This letter acknowledges that I am available to provide in-kind services to the Advisory
Committee for the Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study. I expect to
continue serving on the Advisory Committee for the duration of the project
Since I do not currently have an up-to-date C.V., I am including a brief description of my
qualifications below:
I have been the Project Manager for development of human health sediment criteria at the
Department of Ecology for nearly 3 years. I have a Master of Public Health in
Environmental Health from the University of California at Berkeley. My Bachelor's degree
is in Human Ecology from Rutgers University. I am working as a Toxicologist for Central
Programs and am currently a member (and former Chair) of Ecology's Risk Assessment
Forum.
Thank you for the opportunity to be involved in this study effort. Please feel free to call me
at (360) 407-7446 if you have any questions or concerns.
Sincerely,
''
Laura B. Weiss, M.P.H.
cc: Dave Bradley
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Appendix B.
Focus Group Evaluations
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
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Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date /4-Pg. . £ 1 /?
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese
Lao Mien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P.A, Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES (NO)
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which questions seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
/^ N
LONG /AVERAGE) SHORT
FORMAT
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
^^ ^
.ALWAYS^ SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged?
-------
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1, Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER tysr or- The- Ti
2. Is the translation thorough and accurate enough? (YES) NO
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Are the usage of the visual displays (seafoods) effective and helpful in answering the
questions?
QfE§> NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
2, Are the visual displays of seafood easily identifiable?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why,
3. Are the use of the maps effective?
'vis) NO
«•—^
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire? U^ > ^^ ^-c^ j^e^ fLu^^f c^
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
GOOD AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Focur Group
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese
Lao Mien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which question(s) seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG AVERAGE) SHORT
FORMAT
%
1 . Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged _
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
-------
ALWAYS (SOMETIMES^ NEVER
2. Was it easy to translate the questionnaire? /YES/ NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Were the use of visual displays and maps easy to coordinate with the questions in the
questionnaire?
Xn
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese D!ffii2^=^ Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien -Samoan'v Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1 . Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES/' NO
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which question(s) seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG <^AVERAGEj> SHORT
FORMAT
V
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
ALWAYS ) SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged_
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily1/
-------
SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Was it easy to translate the questionnaire? (YES
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Were the use of visual displays and maps easy to coordinate with the questions in the
questionnaire?
YESJ) NO
, ---- """"" *~
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why. _
MISCELLANEOUS
1 . Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
YES NO •
in. R<£guj b 2> L*> \3jL*~ ^Uce_ 1% "fee, [e*giL
_*
a. If yes, please explain.
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
^=^~^
^CELLENT ^ GOOD AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the Asian and
Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study,
Translaiorf*)
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino^ Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien /'l$amoan\ Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire, Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P.A. Project Coordinator,
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which questions seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire,
LONG ^XAVERAGE^ SHORT
FORMAT
%
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
ALWAYS ) SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged?
-------
WORDING/LANGUAGEflTRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
ALWAYJT) SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Is the translation thorough and accurate enough? / YES 1 NO
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Are the usage of the visual displays (seafoods) effective and helpful in answering the
questions?
'YESJ NO
~i__——-"^
a. If no, please state your reason(s) whyv
2. Are the visual displays of seafood easily identifiable?
YESj NO
*r-—
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
3. Are the use of the maps effective?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
2. OveralLhow would you rate the questionnaire?
EXCELLENT} GOOD AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Focus Group
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date _
Name _ 9JQt&t>i_£si
-------
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
(ALWAYS^/ SOMETIMES NEVER
/"" ^
2. Is the translation thorough and accurate enough? ^ESy NO
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Are the usage of the visual displays (seafoods) effective and helpful in answering the
questions?
(YE?) NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
2. Are the visual displays of seafood easily identifiable?
(Vis) NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why. _
3. Are the use of the maps effective?
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date cb' /Ol /
Name j£ .
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien Samoan (VietnanTese)
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? (YES ' NO
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which questions seem intrusive or
insensitive.
S'/i?K,- Af-^//'ni K-\cdnl PCcf (.{',[ (Ci.'id
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG (AWRAGE) SHORT
FORMAT
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
^ALWAYS) SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged?
-------
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1, Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
(ALWAYS) SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Is the translation thorough and accurate enough? ^YES^y NO
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Are the usage of the visual displays (seafoods) effective and helpful in answering the
questions?
(YES) NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
2. Are the visual displays of seafood easily identifiable?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
3. Are the use of the maps effective?
^YESy NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire? NO
•»
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
EXCELLENT (GOOD^ AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Focus Croup
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date 5~M/
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien Samoan (^Snaln^^?
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? (YES ) NO
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which question(s) seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG (AVERAGED SHORT
x-~
FORMAT
%
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
s~~ *->
ALWAYS) SOMETIMES NEVER
•^- -~^
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
-------
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Was it easy to translate the questionnaire? (YES ) NO
^—.-•
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Were the use of visual displays and maps easy to coordinate with the questions in the
questionnaire?
YESJ NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s)why. _
MISCELLANEOUS
1 . Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
NO
a. If yes, please explain.
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
EXCELLENT /GOOD \ AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the Asian and
Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Transktcifc)
-------
Date
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
4 />
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese Korean
Mien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive?
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which questions seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG {AVERAGE SHORT
FORMAT
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
^WAYSJ SOMETIMES
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged?
-------
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRAISSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
ALWAYS .- SOMETIMES NEVER
. _ ._ ^_ .
2. Is the translation thorough and accurate enough? YESi NO
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Are the usage of the visual displays (seafoods) effective and helpful in answering the
questions?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
2. Are the visual displays of seafood easily identifiable?
,YES NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
3. Are the use of the maps effective?
YES) NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
EXCELLENT) GOOD AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Form Croup
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
i
Name -^ / (JL
,
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao) Mien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P.A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1 . Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES \NOy
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which question(s) seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG AVERAGED SHORT
FORMAT
•v
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
ALWAYS (SOMETIMES^ NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged <^c.iv
/,
f'c:
WORDING/LANGUAGE^TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
-------
SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Was it easy to translate the questionnaire? (YES/ NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Were the use of visual displays and maps easy to coordinate with the questions in the
questionnaire?
(YES) NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s)why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
rYES!) NO
a. If yes, please explain.
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
GOOD AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the Asian and
Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Translator^)
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
Name #^£~/7 $•
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese C^JPIDS^ Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P.A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES ("NO )
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which questions seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG (AVERAGED SHORT
FORMAT
»
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
,„ — -"•> _^^
(ALWAYS) SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged?
-------
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
Name
Please circle your ethnicity
Cambodian Chinese CFilipino^x Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien Sarnoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire, Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A, Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which question(s) seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
_- -„
LONG C AVERAGE^/ SHORT
FORMAT
%
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
"ALWAYS} SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
-------
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Was it easy to translate the questionnaire? ( YESj NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Were the use of visual displays and maps easy to coordinate with the questions in the
questionnaire?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s)why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
(NO)
YES
a. If yes, please explain.^
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
/—^
EXCELLENT ( GOOD ; AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the Asian and
Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Translators)
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Date
Name 6/OG- NG-uotj E/u6-
Please circle your ethnicity
x-~~*^-^
jCambodianJi Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese Korean
Lao Mien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P, A- Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which question(s) seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
LONG (AVERAGE) SHORT
FORMAT
*
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
^<^\
L ALWAYS) SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
-------
SOMETIMES NEVER
2. Was it easy to translate the questionnaire? YES
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why. *J^CAH*X. fr6*+*~ kwt frl
R GI^< 2*\ ~tu* ^a^c^nuz. •
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Were the use of visual displays and maps easy to coordinate with the questions in the
questionnaire?
YES ) NO
v. __ ^
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1 . Are there any other recommendations which should be made to improve the
questionnaire?
YES
a. If yes, please explain.
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
EXCELLENT (GOOD) AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the Asian and
Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study.
Translators)
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Focus Group Testing Session
Evaluation Questionnaire
Name .
,- - •- fj
Please circle your ethnicity
Camboaianx Chinese Filipino Hmong Japanese Korean
TJaOMien Samoan Vietnamese
Please evaluate the following categories based on your judgment of the Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study Questionnaire. Please take your time. If you have
any questions, please ask the E.P. A. Project Coordinator.
CONTENT
xQp
1. Do you feel the questions are intrusive or insensitive? YES /NO/
a. If yes, please state your reason(s) why and which questions seem intrusive or
insensitive.
2. Please rate the length of the questionnaire.
^~^^
LONG (AVERAGE / SHORT
FORMAT
1. Do the questions flow logically and smoothly section to section?
^
ALWAYS/ SOMETIMES NEVER
a. If "SOMETIMES" or "NEVER," please state your reason(s) why and which
question(s) should be rearranged?___
-------
WORDING/LANGUAGE/TRANSLATION
1. Is the use of language clear and concise? Do the questions read easily?
ALWAYS/ SOMETIMES NEVER
S^
2. Is the translation thorough and accurate enough? /YES/ NO
PRESENTATION AND USE OF THE VISUAL DISPLAYS
1. Are the usage of the visual displays (seafoods) effective and helpful in answering the
questions?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why._
2. Are the visual displays of seafood easily identifiable?
(YES NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
3. Are the use of the maps effective?
NO
a. If no, please state your reason(s) why.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Are there any other recommendations which should^be made to improve the
questionnaire?
2. Overall, how would you rate the questionnaire?
GOOD AVERAGE POOR
Thank you very much for your cooperation and participation in the
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study,
Focus Croup
-------
Appendix C.
List of Seafood Species
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
SUMMARY OF SEAFOOD SPECIES
These are the species which are included in the questionnaire. The list has been determined
and developed by the Community Steering Committee. Species are based on their cultural
and traditional habits.
Anadromous Fish
Salmon
Salmon Eggs (roe)
Trout
Smelt
Pelagic
Cod
Dogfish
Snapper
Snowfish
Mackeral
Tuna
Rockfish
Herring
Freshwater
Catfish
Crappie
Carp
Perch
Tilapia
Bass
Bottom
Halibut
Sole/Flounder
Sturgeon
Sucker
Shellfish
Manila/littleneck clam
Horse clam
Razor clam
Butter clam
Geoduck clam
Macoma clarn
Cockle
Oyster
Mussel
Barnacle
Abalone
Scallop
Shrimp
Crab
Squid
Sea Urchin
Sea Cucumber
Moonsnail
Other Species
Seaweed
Kelp
Bullfrog
-------
-------
Appendix D.
Letters of Support
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
STATE REPRESENTATIVE
I 111) DISTRICT
VELMA ROSETE VELORIA
State of
Washington
Representatives
TRADE & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANT RANKING MINORITY MEMBER
LAW & .11 'STICF.
February 8, 1996
ED I 'CATION
Ms. Connie Nakano
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way South
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
I am pleased to support the Refugee Federation Service Center's Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption Study. The most unique aspect of the study is that it is a
grassroots community driven and planned study.
Many members of the Asian and Pacific Islander community consume and collect
seafood on a regular basis and it would benefit the community to know what risk factors
are involved in seafood consumption.
I am pleased to see the progress of the study so far and look forward to providing
further support to the next phase.
Sincerely,
Velma Veloria
State Representative
llth District
LEGISLATIVE OFFICE: 3O3 JOHN L. O'BRIEN BULDING. PO BOX 4OGOO. OLYMPIA. VVA 983O4-O6OO
I IOTUNE Dl 'RING SESSION: I -8OO562-f>OOO • TDD: I -8tX>-635-a993
(>Hivn-:r> ON KILO CU;D PAPILR
(3GO) 786-78G2
-------
STATE REPRESENTATIVE
37tll DISTRICT
KIP TOKUDA
State of
Washington
House of
Representatives
February 7, 1996
CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES
CORRECTIONS
TRANSPORTATION
Connie Nakano, Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King, Jr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano: ..
I am writing in support of the study on Asian and Pacific
Islander Seafood Consumption by the Refugee Federation Service
Center.
The results of this study will be of enormous benefit to the
Asian and Pacific Islander community. Many members of this
community consume and collect seafoods on a regular basis.
Completion of the study will help determine if there are any
health risks associated with this consumption, and it will
provide our community with an opportunity to learn more about
many environmental justice issues.
In short, I encourage the continuation of funding by the
Environmental Protection Agency, and I look forward to the
results of your study.
Sincerely,
Kip Tokuda
LEGISLATIVE OFFICE; 323 JOHN L. OBRJEN BUILDING, PO BOX 4O674. OLYMPIA, WA 98504-0674 • (36O) 786-7838
HOTLINE DURING SESSION: I-8OO-562-6OOO * TDD: 1-8OO-635-99Q3
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
-------
KHMER COMMUN1TYOF SEATTLE
KING COUNTY
10025 16TH AVESWSEATTHWA98146
<206) 762-3922' Hot Fine 762-3960 * Fox (206) 762-4034
February 9, 1996
Connie Nakano
Project Coordinator
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S.
Seattle, WA 98118
Dear Ms. Nakano:
«
On behalf of the Board of Directors of Khmer Community of Seattle-King County, I am very
excited and pleased to see a community based organization, such as the Refugee Federation Sen-ice
Center, take initiative in the seafood consumption study.
Many members of the Asian and Pacific Islander community consume and collect seafood on a
regular basis and it would benefit our community to know what risk factors are involved in seafood
consumption.
We are committed to assisting .in the next phases of the study and plan on being part of the
Community Steering Committee.
Sincerely.
Ncv Hul
-------
4860 Rainier Avenue S. 1 st floor, Seattle, WA 98118
Phone(206)722-2955
February 8, 1996
To Whom It May Concern,
The Vietnamese Friendship Association is very pleased to participate
with the other refugee groups in the Seafood Consumption Study
Project funded by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Many members of our community consume and catch seafood on a regular
basis and it would benefit our community to know what risk factors
are involved in the consumption of seafood.
The Vietnamese Friendship Association is committed to assisting in
all phases of this project. Our members plan on being part of the
Asian Pacific Steering or Advisory Committee. This organization
will likewise assist in finding interviewers and in the production
of education materials.
We hope that this project will be successful and will give our full
support to ensure its success.
Sincerely,
Kim
President
-------
-------
Appendix E.
Memorandum of Agreement
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
Memorandum of Agreement
between the Refugee Federation Service Center with offices at 7101 Martin
Luther King Jr. Way, S; Seattle, WA 98118 and the University of Washington, Department of
Environmental Health with offices at 4225 Roosevelt way, NE, #100; Seattle, WA 98105
This agreement verifies a partnership between the Refugee Federation Service Center and the
University of Washington Department of Environmental Health whereas the Refugee Federation
Service Center conducts research to understand and communicate seafood consumption risk to
Asian and Pacific Islander communities. Whereas the University of Washington Department of
Environmental Health conducts research to identify agents in the environment and workplace that
affect human health, elucidate their mechanisms, develop strategies for confronting their effects,
assess and communicate their risks and share the knowledge obtained. Whereas each organization
has mutual interests as described:
Refugee Federation Service Center
1) is responsible for conducting all aspects of the study as outlined in the work plan
2) is responsible for reporting results and significant findings to the Department of Environmental
Health in a timely manner
3) will reference and acknowledge the support of the NIEHS Center for Ecogenetics and
Environmental Health on any publications resulting from research or efforts supported by this
grant with this phrase: "This project described/pubHcation/event was made possible by the UW
Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, grant number 1 P30 ES07033 from the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH,"
4) will provide all the space and facilities necessary for completion of the study.
5) will meet with representatives from the UW Department of Environmental Health on a regular
basis, as outlined in the work plan, to review the study progress.
The University of Washington
1) will serve, in an advisory capacity to the study structure, methods and techniques to evaluate and
solve issues of concern as outlined in the work plan.
2) will serve as the fiscal receiver between the EPA grants administrator and the Refugee
Federation Service Center
3) will serve as an advisor for administration and reporting to the EPA grants administrator.
4) will serve as a collaborator to the research. "
5) will disseminate information to the campus community and relevant community groups on the
findings of this project
6) will meet with representatives from the Refugee Federation Service Center on a regular basis, as
outlined in the work plan, to review the study progress.
This memorandum of Agreement is agreed to and signed by the signatures below:
H
w —
Kim Long Nguyen, Executive Director
Refugee Federation Service Center
Richard Fenske, PhD
Principal Investigator
Gerald v;
hairma
n Belle, PhD
Department of Environmental Health
onaUf Allen
OtrectoM-IW Grant & Contract Services
February 12, 1996
22
-------
-------
Appendix F.
Phase 2 and Phase 3 Budget
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
EPA Environmental Justice Community/University Partnership 66-604
Master Yr01
Environmental Justice-API Seafood Consumption
DETAILED BUDGET FOR NEXT BUDGET
PERIOD - DIRECT COSTS ONLY
Personnel (Applicant organiz. only)
NAME
R. Fenske
R. Sechena
V. McFerran
ROLE ON
PROJECT
Principal Investigator
Program Coordinator
Administrator
TYPE
APPT.
(months)
12
12
12
SUBTOTAL'S ....•»
FROM
8/1/96
%
EFFORT
ON PROJ
5%
10%
5%
THROUGH
7/31/97
FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSIST
66-604
Year 01
DOLLAR AMOUNT REQUESTED
SALARY
REQUESTED
$3,423
$5,000
$0
$8,423
FRINGE
BENEFITS
$753
$1,250
$0
$2.003
TOTALS
$4.176
$6.250
$0
$10.426
CONSULTANT COSTS
Steven G. Gilbert, PhD
$0
EQUIPMENT
(Itemize)
SO
SUPPLES
(Itemize by category)
SO
TRAVEL
PATIENT CARE
COSTS
INPAT1ENT
OUTPATIENT
ALTERATIONS AND RENNOVATIONS (Itemize by category)
SO
OTHER EXPENSES
(Itemize by category)
SUBTOTAL DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
$10,426
CONSORTIUM/CONTRACTUAL
COSTS
DIRECT COSTS
S99.108
INDIRECT COSTS
SO
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
(Item 7a. Face Page) —>
$109,534
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
EPA Environmental Justice Community/University Partnership 66-604
Subcontract YR 01 -
SUBCQNTRACT-Refugee Federation Service Center
DETAILED BUDGET FOR NEXT BUDGET
PERIOD - DIRECT COSTS ONLY
Personnel (Applicant oraan/2. only)
NAME
C. Nakano
S. Truong
ROLE ON
PROJECT
Project Coordinator
Administrative Support
TYPE
APPT.
(months)
12
12
SUBTOTALS....... i
FROM
8/1/96
%
EFFORT
ON PROJ
100%
25%
THROUGH
7/31/97
FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSIST
66-604
Year 01
DOLLAR AMOUNT REQUESTED
SALARY
REQUESTED
$24,000
$6,900
$30,900
FRINGE
BENEFITS
$9,052
$0
$9,052
TOTALS
$33,052
$6,900
$39,952
CONSULTANT COSTS
1 Statistician S. Liao, PhD (190 hours @$80/hour)
1 Statistician N. Polissar,PhD (108 hours @$140/hour)
2 Study consultants K Troy & G. Middlestaedt (40 hours @ $25/hr)
$15,200
$15,120
$2.000
EQUIPMENT (Itemize)
$32.320
Personal Compute!
Software
$3,250
$470
Email Communication
$144
$3.864
SUPPUES
Printing, Binders
Materials
Office Supplies
Equip. Maintenance
(Itemize by category)
$300
$800
$1,100
$585
Office utilization
Communication
Insurance
$1.875
$700
$220
$5.580
TRAVEL
PATIENT CARE
COSTS
Int. Tech 45 mi. x23Q@.30/rni $3,105
Proj Coord & researcher 3840 mi @ .30/mi $1.152
INPATIENT
OUTPATIENT
ALTERATIONS AND RENNOVAT1ONS (Itemize by category)
$4.257
SO
$0
$0
OTHER EXPENSES
Int tech Training
Pre-test resp comp
Ques resp comp
(Itemize by category)
$1,920
$360
S5.000
Data entry support
Interview Tech
Question Re-int. exp
$825
$4,730
$300
$13,135
SUBTOTAL SUBCONTRACT DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
$99,108
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
(Item 7a, Face Page) —o
$99,108
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
EPA Environmental Justice Community/University Partnership 66-604
Master Yr02
Environmental Justice-API Seafood Consumption
DETAILED BUDGET FOR NEXT BUDGET
PERIOD - DIRECT COSTS ONLY
Personnel (Applicant organiz. only)
NAME
R. Fenske
R. Sechena
V, McFenan
ROLE ON
PROJECT
Principal Investigator
Program Coordinator
Administrator
TYPE
APPT.
(months)
12
12
12
5UBTOTAL5-. - i
FROM
8/1/97
%
EFFORT
ON PROJ
5%
10%
5%
THROUGH
7/31/98
FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSIST
66-604
Year02
DOLLAR AMOUNT REQUESTED
SALARY
REQUESTED
$3,560
$5,200
$0
$8.760
FRINGE
BENEFITS
$783
$1,300
$0
$2.083
TOTALS
$4.343
$6.500
$0
$10.843
CONSULTANT COSTS
$0
EQUIPMENT (Itemize)
$0
SUPPLES
(Itemize by category)
$0
TRAVEL
PATIENT CARE
COSTS
IMPATIENT
OUTPATlEhfT
ALTERATIONS AND RENNOVATIONS (Itemize by category)
$0
OTHER EXPENSES
(Itemize by category)
SUBTOTAL DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
$10,843
CONSORTIUM/CONTRACTUAL
COSTS
DIRECT COSTS
S72.307
INDIRECT COSTS
SO
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
(Item 7a, Face Page)
$83,150
-------
Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
EPA Environmental Justice Community/University Partnership 66-604
Subcontract YR02
SUBCONTRACT-Refugee Federation Service Center
DETAILED BUDGET FOR NEXT BUDGET
PERIOD - DIRECT COSTS ONLY
Personnel (Applicant omaniz. onM
NAME
C. Nakano
S. Truong
ROLE ON
PROJECT
Project Coordinator
Administrative Support
TYPE
APPT.
(months)
12
12
FROM
8/1/97
%
EFFORT
ONPROJ
100%
25%
SUBTOTALS— .*
THROUGH
7/31/98
FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSIST
66-604
Year 02
DOLLAR AMOUNT REQUESTED
SALARY
REQUESTED
$24,720
$7,107
531.827
FRINGE
BENEFTTS
$9,569
$0
S9.569
TOTALS
$34.289
$7.107
$41.396
CONSULTANT COSTS
1 Statistician S. Liao, PhD (70 hours @$8Q/hour) $5,600
1 Statistician N. Polissar, PhD (40 hours @$14Q/hour) $5,600
9 Translators (9x40hrs@$21/hr) $7,560
9 Focus groups (9x 15hrs@$ 15/hr) $2,025
2 Study consultants K Troy & G. Middlestaedt (25 hours @ $25/hr) ' $1,250
$22.035
EQUIPMENT
Camera
projector
Voice actvated record
(Itemize)
$300
$500
$200
Portable cassette $200
Electronic comm. costs $144
$1.344
SUPPUES
Printing, copying
Photo develop
Office Supplies
Equip. Maintenance
(Itemize by category)
$400
$1,000
$1,600
$585
Office utilization
Communication
Insurance
$1,875
$700
$220
$6.380
TRAVEL
PATIENT CARE
COSTS
Proj. Coordinator mileage 160mi/mox2 @.30/mi
INPAT1ENT
OUTPATIENT
ALTERATIONS AND RENNOVATIONS (Itemize by category)
$1.152
$0
$0
SO
OTHER EXPENSES
(Itemize by category)
SO
SUBTOTAL SUBCONTRACT DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS FOR NEXT BUDGET PERIOD (item 7a, Face Page) — >
$72.307
$72.307
-------
Appendix G.
Job Announcements
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT
Position: Questionnaire Translators (8 positions open)
Program: Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study (U.S. EPA grant)
Duties: (1) Participate in Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study to
provide description of questionnaire materials in the following ethnic languages: Lao,
Mien, Chinese, Cambodian, Korean, Samoan, Filipino, and Vietnamese.
(2) Assist in culturally designing questionnaire with Project Coordinator and Focus Group
members. (3) Using the translated questionnaire, conduct pre-tests/practice interviewing
with members of the Focus Group.
Qualifications:
(1) Knowledge and/or experience in translation.
(2) Must be fluent in English and one of the above ethnic languages.
(3) Must be dependable and prompt.
(4) Strong ability to work as a team.
(5) Working knowledge of computer translation software or typing proficiency or neat,
eligible handwriting skills.
Salary: $.20 per word / 30 page questionnaire.
These are temporary positions that are expected to last up to one month but may last
longer or shorter depending on the length of the project.
Please send cover letter and resume to: Connie Nakano, Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 M.L. King Jr. Way S. #214
Seattle, WA 98118
Phone: (206)725-9181
Fax: (206)725-9175
Application deadline: March 1,1996 by 5pm.
-------
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT
Position: Focus Group
Program: Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study (U.S. EPA grant)
Duties: (1) Provide response, recommendation, and information regarding the design,
accuracy, and clarity of the translated Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption
Questionnaire. (2) Assist in revising the questionnaire with translators, other Focus
Group members, and Project Coordinator,
Qualifications:
(1) Must be fluent in English and in one of the following ethnic languages: Cambodian,
Chinese, Korean, Lao, Mien, Hmong, Vietnamese, Samoan, and Filipino.
(2) Must have cultural knowledge or experience in the above ethnic groups.
(2) Must be dependable and prompt.
(3) Must be able to attend 2 sessions. Each session expected to be 5 hours/day.
(4) Must be able to express and deliver individual idea/recommendations.
Salary: $8/hour
These are temporary positions that are expected to last up to one day but may last longer
or shorter depending on the length of the project.
Please send a letter of interest to: Connie Nakano, Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 M.L. King Jr. Way S. #214
Seattle, WA 98118
Phone: (206)725-9181
Fax: (206)725-9175
Application deadline: March 1,1996 by 5pm.
-------
Refugee Federation Service Center
2200 Rainier Avenue South Seattle, WA 98144 (206) 323-9365 Fax (206) 329-5202
213 West Titus Street, Kent, WA 98032 (206) 852-5150 Fax (206) 852-1336
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT (In-house only) November 21,1994
POSITION: Seafood Consumption Study Coordinator 21 hours per week
The person in this position is responsible to assist an organization to provide necessary information
which is pertaining to the Asian Pacific American Seafood Consumption Study.
SUMMARY OF WORK:
Recruit, establish a bilinfuaVbicultural staff an Asian Pacific Advisory Committee and an
Asian Pacific Steering Committee all of them should represent APA citizens, organizations,
and different levels or government
Work very closely with the committees to develop mission statements, goals and objectives
for an APA seafood consumption survey. Identify the target study location, seafood
consumption groups
Determine scope and feasibility Of a seafood consumption study and statistical limitations
• and requirements
Draft survey questionaire and Duality assurance plan. Draft work plan to implement
survey, conduct statistical analysis"
Be able 10 communicate effectively and efficiently with all parries
9
Attend meetings which are related to the interests of the agency
Perform other duties as assigned
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION:
Degree which is related to Environmental Science
Good organizational and time management skills
Strong background in planning and leadership
Excellent communication and public relation skills
Experience working with a miM^ulniral and multi-lingual organization
STARTING SALARY: 1,050 + benefits
HOW TO APPLY: Submit letter of intent to:
Refugee Federation Service Center , •
2200 Rainier Avenue South
Seattle, WA 98144
CLOSING DATE: December 10,1994
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
-------
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^•^••^^•l^^^^^*^^^^^^^^^*^^^^™^^^™™*1'**^^^^™^™^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S. Seattle, WA 98118 - (206) 725-9181 Fax (206) 725-9175
1215 South Central Ave Suite 210 Kent, WA 98032 - (206)852-5150 Fax (206) 852-1336
10025 16th Ave South West Seattle, WA 98146 - (206)762-4894 Fax (206) 762-4034
— ___.^____,.....,,,^^^^MBBM^^—^MiiMiiB^MiiiiiiiiiaMaii^MBi^^^^MBBii^MttM^^aMMa^
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT
Position: Questionnaire Translators (9 positions open)
Program: Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study (U.S. EPA grant)
Duties: (1) Participate in Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study to
provide description of questionnaire materials in the following ethnic languages: Lao,
Mien, Hmong, Chinese, Cambodian, Korean, Samoan, Filipino, and Vietnamese.
(2) Assist in culturally designing questionnaire with Project Coordinator and Focus Group
members. (3) Using the translated questionnaire, conduct pre-tests/practice interviewing
with members of the Focus Group.
Qualifications:
(1) Knowledge and/or experience in translation.
(2) Must be fluent in English and one of the above ethnic languages.
(3) Must be dependable and prompt.
(4) Strong ability to work as a team.
(5) Working knowledge of computer translation software or typing proficiency or neat,
eligible handwriting skills.
Salary: $.20 per word / 30 page questionnaire.
These are temporary positions that are expected to last up to one month but may last
longer or shorter depending on the length of the project.
Please send cover letter and resume to: Connie Nakano, Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 M.L. King Jr. Way S. #214
Seattle, WA 98118
Phone: (206)725-9181
Fax: (206)725-9175
Application deadline: April 1,1996 by 5pm.
-------
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Way S. Seattle, WA 98118 - (206) 725-9181 Fax (206) 725-9175
1215 South Central Ave Suite 210 Kent, WA 98032 - (206)852-5150 Fax (206) 852-1336
10025 16th Ave South West Seattle, WA 98146 - (206) 762-4894 Fax (206) 762-4034
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT
Position: Focus Group
Program: Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study (U.S. EPA grant)
Duties: (1) Provide response, recommendation, and information regarding the design,
accuracy, and clarity of the translated Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption
Questionnaire. (2) Assist in revising the questionnaire with translators, other Focus
Group members, and Project Coordinator.
Qualifications:
(1) Must be fluent in English and in one of the following ethnic languages: Cambodian,
Chinese, Korean, Lao, Mien, Hmong, Vietnamese, Samoan, and Filipino.
(2) Must have cultural knowledge or experience in the above ethnic groups.
(2) Must be dependable and prompt.
(3) Must be able to attend 2 sessions. Each session expected to be 5 hours/day.
(4) Must be able to express and deliver individual idea/recommendations.
Salary: $8/hour
These are temporary positions that are expected to last up to one day but may last longer
or shorter depending on the length of the project.
Please send a letter of interest to: Connie Nakano, Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 M.L. King Jr. Way S. #214
Seattle, WA 98118
Phone: (206)725-9181
Fax: (206)725-9175
Application deadline: March 1,1996 by 5pm.
-------
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 Martin Luther King Jr. Wy. S,, Seattle, WA 98118 - (206) 725-9181 Fax (206) 725-9175
213 West Titus Street, Kent, WA 98032 - (206) 852-5150 Fax (206) 852-1336
10025 16th Ave. SW. Seattle, WA 98146 - (206)762- 8494 Fax (206) 762-4034
Job Announcement
Position: Bilingual Questionnaire Interview Technicians
Program: Asian and Pacific Islander Seafood Consumption Study
Duties:
1) Conduct interviews with a questionnaire to obtain information about seafood consumption among
Asian and Pacific Islander's.
2) Participates in a 16 hour training session.
3) Conducts prescheduled interviews of respondents at designated locations or house-to-house and
records responses on questionnaires.
4) Maintains complete records of respondents and questions conducted. Reviews completed
questionnaires to assure all requested data is present. Must assure strict confidentiality of participants and
information obtained.
5) Provides questionniare respondents with incentive payment checks or equivalent value of grocery gift
certificate.
6) Meets regularly with Project Coordinator and data entry staff to turn in and re\iew completed work.
Qualifications: *
1) Knowledge and/or experience in conducting personal interviews.
2) Ability and skill in effective communication and interacting with individuals and groups of diverse
backgrounds (age, economic characteristics, educational range, etc.)
3) Must be bilingual/bicultural in one of the following languages/groups: Lao (Mien, Hmong),
Cambodian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Japanese, and Samoan.
4) Required to provide own means of transportation. Mileage compensation at .30/mile.
5) Must be prompt and dependable.
6) Must be able to maintain a flexible schedule.
7) Ability to exercise self-initiative and perform work at an acceptable level with little or no supervision.
Salary: SI 1/hr. Mileage compensation is available upon completion of the project.
These axe temporary positions.
Please send cover letter and resume to: Connie Nakano, Project Coordinator
Refugee Federation Service Center
7101 M.L. King Jr. Way S. #214
Seattle, WA 98118
Phone: (206) 725-9181
Fax: (206)725-9375
-------
We need your help!
Participate in a dietary habit study!
Each selected volunteer will be compensated for a full interview with $20 or a
grocery gift certificate equivalent to it.
Qualifications:
* Must be of Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Samoan, Vietnamese,
Lao (Mien and Hmong), Cambodian ethnicity
* Must be of 1st or 2nd generation Asian or Pacific Islander
(1st generation: those who were born abroad and immigrated to U.S. from
their country. 2nd generation: children of 1st genereation immigrants and
born in U.S.)
* Must be 18 years or older
* Must live in King County
Please contact (appropriate language contact) at 725-9181 or print your
name, address and contact number on the following postcard.
Bilingual services are available.
The information you provide is extremely
important to your community!
Volunteer for an interview now!
-------
Appendix L
English Language Questionnaire
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
Questionnaire Number: I 1 1 I
ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION STUDY
DATE CALLED
1) 1111
mo day yr
2) 1111
mo day yr
3) 1 1 1
mo day yr
INTERVIEW APPT. TIME
2) : U
3) : LJ jam
RESULT CODES
1) completed interview LJ i
2) missed appointment; reschedule LJ 2
3) other
INTERVIEW LOCATION D i Respondent's house D2RFSC D3Eatery D4Other
RESPONDENT'S INITIAL
INTERVIEWER'S CODE1 1 1 1
-------
INTRODUCTION
Hello. My name is
and I am (ethnicity.) We are conducting a study to understand the seafood eating patterns of (ethnicity) in
the King County area. The information given in response to this questionnaire will help the Asian and Pacific Islander community to
understand the rates of seafood consumption, ways in which meals are cooked and prepared, and the types of seafood regularly
consumed. All information provided in this interview is voluntary and confidential. Your answers will be combined with those of
others so that no person's answers can be identified.
DATE OF INTERVIEW 1111 TIME INTERVIEW BEGINS __ : __ D i am D 2pm
mo day yr
I am going to ask you some questions which will determine whether you are in the group we wish to study.
a) Do you live in King County? Yes D i No D 2 (IF NO, TERMINATE INTERVIEW)
b) Do you eat any seafood at all? Yes D j No D 2 (IF NO, TERMINATE INTERVIEW)
c) Which of the following ethnic groups best describe you. Check one only.
Filipino LJ \ Japanese LJ 2 Korean LJ 3 Chinese LJ 4
Mien Lj7 Hmong LJg Samoan Ljg Cambodian LJ
d) Were you bom in the United States? Yes D i No D 2
(If no, how many years have you been in the United States?) 0-5 D j
e) Is at least one of your parents born in the United States? Yes LJ j
f) Were both of your parents born in the United States? Yes LJ \
(TERMINATE INTERVIEW IF BOTH "D", "F" ARE YES)
Vietnamese LJ Lao LJ
6- 1 0 D 2
No LI 2
No LJ 2
1 1 -20 D
2 1 + D
-------
g) Are you at least eighteen years old?
Yes
No D 2 (IF NO, TERMINATE INTERVIEW)
1. I am going to ask you what types of seafood you eat, the amount you eat, and how often you eat each one.
The amount of seafood you eat and how often you eat it may depend on the time of year. For example, if there are seasonal differences
in how often you eat seafood. Please answer 2 different ways: when it is fresh and readily available and when it has been frozen, dried,
canned, stored, etc. Please answer these questions in a way that's most familiar to you. Remember to include breakfast, lunch, dinner,
and snacks. Do not include seafood you eat at special celebrations (holiday celebrations, Chinese New Year, Japanese New Year,
weddings, community or cultural events, etc.) They will be asked later.
™ FILL OUT CONSUMPTION FORM — SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
GROUP A
Al. How often do you eat the following...
TYPE OF FISH
SALMON
in season
rest of the year
SALMON
EGGS
in season
rest of the year
TROUT
in season
rest of the year
SMELT
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
-------
--- SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
A2. I'm going to ask you about what parts of the fish in Group A you eat. Please tell me what percentage of the time you eat the
following categories when you eat fish in Group A. —READ ALL CATEGORIES FIRST— Please answer 0-100%. Answers 1 &
2 must total 100%.
1) Fillet with skin: %
2) Fillet without skin: % (1 & 2 total 100%)
3) Head, bones, eggs, organs: % (0-100%)
A3. I'm going to ask you how the fish you eat in Group A is prepared. For the following 2 categories please tell me what percentage
of the time you eat fish in Group A prepared this way. —READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST— Answers must
total 100%.
1) Baked, boiled, broiled, roasted, poached, or steamed: %
2) Canned, fried, raw, smoked, or dried: % (1 & 2 must total 100%)
A4. If you boil, steam, or poach any of the fish in Group A, what do you do with the water it is prepared in?
1) Thro wit out % 2) Use it in cooking % 3) Drink it %
A5. For the following categories, please tell me approximately what percentage of the fish in Group A you get from: —READ ALL
CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
1) Grocery stores/street vendors %
2) Fish caught from Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends %
3) Fish caught from outside of Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends %
4) Restaurants %
-------
SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD ™
GROUP B
Bl. How often do you eat the following...
TYPE OF FISH
COD
in season
rest of the year
DOGFISH
in season
rest of the year
SNAPPER
in season
rest of the year
SNOWFISH
in season
rest of the year
MACKERAL
in season
rest of the year
TUNA
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
-------
(continuation of Bl)
GROUP B
TYPE OF FISH
ROCKFISH
in season
rest of the year
HERRING
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
B2. I'm going to ask you about what parts of the fish in Group B you eat. Please tell me what percentage of the time you eat the
following categories when you eat fish in Group B. —READ ALL CATEGORIES FIRST— Please answer from 0-100%. Answers
1 & 2 must total 100%.
1) Fillet with skin:
2) Fillet without skin:
3) Head, bones, eggs, organs:
(1 & 2 must total 100%)
(0-100%)
B3. I'm going to ask you how the fish you eat in Group B is prepared. For the following 2 categories please tell me what percentage of
the time you eat fish in Group B prepared this way. —READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST— Answers must
total 100%.
1) Baked, boiled, broiled, roasted, poached or steamed:
2) Canned, fried, raw, smoked, or dried:
-------
B4. If you boil or steam any of the seafood in Group B, what do you do with the water it is prepared in?
1) Throw it out % 2) Use it in cooking % 3) Drink it %
B5. For the following categories, please tell me approximately what percentage of the fish in Group B you get from: —READ ALL
CATEGORIES-- Answers must total 100%.
1) Grocery stores/street vendors %
2) Fish caught from Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends %
3) Fish caught from outside of Puget Sound by yourself, family members or friends %
4) Restaurants %
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
GROUPC
Cl. How often do you eat the following...
TYPE OF FISH
CATFISH
in season
rest of the year
CRAPPIE
in season
rest of the year
CARP
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF. . .PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
-------
(continuation of C1)
GROUP C
TYPE OF FISH
PERCH
in season
rest of the year
TILAPIA
in season
rest of the year
BASS
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTH
PORTION SIZE CODE
C2. I'm going to ask you about what parts of the fish in Group C you eat. Please tell me what percentage of the time you eat the
following categories when you eat in Group C. —READ ALL CATEGORIES FIRST™ Please answer from 0-100%. Answers 1
& 2 must total 100%.
1) Fillet with skin:
2) Fillet without skin:
3) Head, bones, eggs, organs:
%
_%
~%
(1 & 2 must total 100%)
(0-100%)
C3. I'm going to ask you how the fish you eat in Group C is prepared. For the following 2 categories please tell me what percentage of
the time you eat fish in Group C prepared this way. —READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST— Answers must
total 100%.
1) Baked, boiled, broiled, roasted, poached or steamed %
2) Canned, fried, raw, smoked, or dried %
-------
C4. If you boil or steam any of the seafood in Group C, what do you do with the water it is prepared in?
1) Thro wit out % 2) Use it in cooking % 3) Drink it %
C5. For the following categories, please tell me approximately what percentage of the fish in Group C do you get from: —READ
ALL CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
1) Grocery stores/street vendors °A
2) Fish caught from Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends °A
3) Fish caught from outside of Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends %
4) Restaurants {
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
Group D
Dl. How often do you eat the following ...
TYPE OF FISH
HALIBUT
in season
rest of the year
SOLE/FLOUNDER
in season
rest of the year
STURGEON
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
-------
(continuation of Dl)
GROUP D
TYPE OF FISH
SUCKERS
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
D2. I'm going to ask you about what parts of the fish in Group D you eat. Please tell me what percentage of the time you eat the
following categories when you eat in Group D. —READ ALL CATEGORIES FIRST™ Please answer from 0-100%. Answers 1
& 2 must total 100%.
1) Fillet with skin:
2) Fillet without skin:
3) Head, bones, eggs, organs:
% (1 & 2 must total 100%)
% (0-100%)
D3. I'm going to ask you how the fish you eat in Group D is prepared. For the following 2 categories please tell me what percentage
of the time you eat fish in Group D prepared this way. —READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST— Answers
must total 100%.
1) Baked, boiled, broiled, roasted, poached or steamed %
2) Canned, fried, raw, smoked, or dried %
D4. If you boil or steam any of the seafood in Group D, what do you do with the water it is prepared in?
1) Throw it out % 2) Use it in cooking % 3) Drink it %
10
-------
D5. For the following categories, please tell me approximately what percentage of the fish in Group D you get from: —READ ALL
CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
1) Grocery stores/street vendors
2) Fish caught from Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends
3) Fish caught from outside of Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members or friends
4) Restaurants
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
GROUP E
El. How often do you eat the following...
TYPE OF SHELLFISH
CLAMS (manila/
littleneck)
in season
rest of the year
HORSE CLAMS
in season
rest of the year
RAZOR CLAMS
in season
rest of the year
BUTTER CLAMS
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
11
-------
(continuation of El)
Group E
TYPE OF SHELLFISH
GEODUCK CLAMS
in season
rest of the year
MACOMA CLAMS
in season
rest of the year
COCKLES
in season
rest of the year
OYSTERS
in season
rest of the year
MUSSELS
in season
rest of the year
AB ALONE
in season
rest of the year
SCALLOPS
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTH
PORTION SIZE CODE
12
-------
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD -
E2. How often do you eat the following...
TYPE OF
SHELLFISH
SHRIMP
in season
rest of the year
CRAB
in season
rest of the year
SQUID
in season
rest of the year
SEA URCHIN
in season
rest of the year
SEA CUCUMBER
in season
rest of the year
MOONSNAJL
in season
rest of the year
LOBSTER
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF.. .PER YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
13
-------
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD ~
E3. I'm going to ask you about which parts of the following you eat. Percentages for each species must total 100%.
SPECIES
CLAM
(manila/littleneck
HORSE CLAMS
BUTTER CLAMS
RAZOR CLAMS
GEODUCK
CLAMS
MACOMA
CLAMS
COCKLES
OYSTERS
MUSSELS
AB ALONE
SCALLOPS
WHOLE
WHOLE
W/STOMACH
REMOVED
WHOLE
W/SIPHON TIP
REMOVED
WHOLE
W/SIPHON TIP
AND STOMACH
REMOVED
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
14
-------
(continuation of E3)
Group E
SHRIMP
CRAB
SQUID
SEA URCHIN
SEA CUCUMBER
MOONSNAIL
LOBSTER
WHOLE BODY (body and head)
%
WHOLE CRAB (crab meat and
butter)
%
WHOLD SQUID
%
WHOLE BODY
%
WHOLE BODY
%
WHOLE BODY
%
WHOLE BODY (body and head)
%
BODY ONLY
%
MEAT ONLY
%
MEAT ONLY
(body and tentacles)
%
EGGS ONLY
%
MUSCLE ONLY
%
MUSCLE ONLY
%
BODY ONLY
%
HEAD ONLY
%
CRAB BUTTER
ONLY
%
HE AD ONLY
%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
E4. I'm going to ask you how the shellfish you eat in Group E is prepared. For the following 2 categories please tell me what
percentage of the time you eat shellfish in Group E prepared this way. —READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST-
Answers must total 100%.
1) Baked, boiled, roasted, poached or steamed %
2) Canned, fried, raw, smoked, or dried %
15
-------
E5. If you boil or steam any of the shellfish in Group E, what do you do with the water it is prepared in?
1) Throw it out % 2) Use it in cooking % 3) Drink it %
E6. For the following categories, please tell me approximately what percentage of the shellfish in Group E do you get from: —READ
ALL CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
1) Grocery stores/street vendors %
2) Shellfish caught from Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members, or friends %
3) Shellfish caught from outside of Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members, or friends %
4) Restaurants %
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
GROUP F
Fl. How often doyou eat the following ...
TYPE OF
SEAFOOD
SEAWEED
in season
rest of the year
KELP
in season
rest of the year
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER
YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION SIZE CODE
16
-------
F2. For the following categories, please tell me approximately what percentage of the seafood in Group F you get from: —READ
ALL CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
1) Grocery stores/street vendors %
2) Seafood caught from Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members, or friends %
3) Seafood caught from outside of Puget Sound and surrounding areas by yourself, family members, or friends %
4) Restaurants %
Are there other seafoods which you eat that were not mentioned earlier? D \ Yes D 2 No (If no, go to HI)
Gl._ How often do you eat...
TYPE OF
SEAFOOD
NUMBER OF PORTIONS EATEN
PER
WEEK
MONTH
YEAR
NUMBER OF... PER
YEAR
WEEKS
MONTHS
PORTION MODEL CODE
—SOCIAL EVENTS —
HI. The following questions will ask about your eating patterns at social events. In the last 12 months, how often did you attend
special celebrations (holiday celebrations, Chinese New Year, Japanese New Year, cultural or community events, weddings, etc.)
times in last 12 months (If 0, go to no. 11)
H2. At what percentage of these events do you eat seafood? Please answer from 0-100% % (If answer is 0, go to 11)
17
-------
—SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
H3. At these events, how much seafood do you usually eat each time? oz.(PORTION MODEL CODE:
H4. How often do you eat the following seafoods at these events? You may answer from 0-100%.
SHELLFISH (crab, clam, shrimp...) % SEAWEED/KELP % FISH %
II. Please indicate your age . If you choose not to, please select your age category.
18-29 DI 30-54 D2 55+D3
12. Indicate your weight Ibs. OR kg.
13. Indicate your height feet inches OR cm.
14. What is your household income per year?
D! 0-10,000 G2 10,001-15,000 DS 15,001-20,000 D4 20,001-25,000
D5 25,001-35,000 06 35,001-45,000 D7 45,001 +
15. How many people are supported by this total income?
16. Indicate the level of formal education. LJ j completed high school U 2 did not complete high school
LJ 3 completed college U 4 did not complete college LJ 5 other
18
-------
CONCLUSION
Thank you for your cooperation in participating in this study. Your participation will contribute important information needed to help
protect your natural resources and provide guidance for public health programs for your community,
NOTE TIME INTERVIEW ENDS: \ D j am D 2 pm
INTERVIEWER REMARKS
Jl. Respondent's cooperation was: LJ ] Very good LI 2 Good LJ 3 Fair LJ 4 Poor
J2. The quality of respondent's answers were: LJ \ High quality LJ 2 Generally reliable LJ 3 Questionable
LJ 4 Unreliable
J3. What was the main reason for the questionable or unreliable quality of the interview?
J4. Respondent's Gender Female LJ ] Male LJ 2
J5. Further comments:
19
-------
-------
Appendix J.
Cambodian Language Questionnaire
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
X.
/-*
.
04
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-------
iH^*2
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f&rt^XfR
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(Tl:KMIMyATC INTERVIEW IF DOTH "D" "F" ARE YES)'
-------
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-------
VChw\ /E?V zf^5* ^( £/n/> * V
IA ^ / /y m ^
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
A2.
ja
f ft
S-CtS.-U y/T/\*t /t/tVf^C^ A* Q ~
- - ...,.-.— .
t/
A2,
A3. J?
2)
3) fl2
___ % (1 & 2 total 100%)
^ __ % (0-100%)
• \
X J
A4.
2)
— KfeAD AJX
y-
J
/) ^JtJCV C/>T «^^f p- ^ />T ^/«-^?J C ^ 6>/ V ffg(v ly/
D AJX (CATEGORIES FIRST— Please an^ver 0- 1 00%. Answers 1 & 2 IIHI& total 100%
r&WJ't'rt*€vfeij(§f'Ji& fr&cZu/rt o-^oa'/'j c^O 9 ^>\7 (Afpl-ryC^VV
~- * « —
___ %
___ % (1 & 2 must total H)0%)
9
r/vi
% 2) <
---
»/o 3)
AS.
; v g/ JTc g^
/ q-p V, — llRAD ALL C^l'EGORIES-- Answers inust^ital ^100°%.
'-
r.>>C
c/
2)
-------
«\ rjj /\ f
tA -J /J /
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
GROUP K
01.
Cob
if rt A
V ^ Jr/
F nr& cl tf/rtT A1^- /^
cr
/
PORTION SIZE CODE
£7 //UK"
v-
-------
(continuation ofDl)
CROUP H Vli t/ 0
Q 9 rfVfJ /* & (f&j'tfrrJt!? tfYQFF* *f
\*f\
, —READ KLL/CATEGORIES /
I'IRST— Please answer from 0-100%. Answers 1 & 2 must total 100%.
- -' V
1)
/A __% (I & 2 must total 100%) 9
% (0-100%)
V!A» Qil'OR'V
f I/ fs
O - ^(Tl
/
B3.
CATEGOR-IRS!'-- Answers nuisrto(ul00%.
FOR KACI1
0 J
2)
«J /»
y<
-------
-------
(continuation of Cl) ( O j- C, J
GROUP C @£T C
Ce/tvfy (^
\.
(K f £TCH
ff^cX'>>£fv
WrebJr?rffif*bf:>
£*• 't^K ' ' ' Ci'/7"!
r*jyJ/tV&VJ''
cnfJJfjfitxb/:)
& a&? ~
J^^-ar/
fkwJrfrftfjpJ^
1 £**$•^cu-^
AT^I&T^
/^ "
/ "ty
£)
cV^f^ — tyf+iL-
&
PORTION SIZIi CODE
C2 .
•fiuisl total W0%.
t//v'
ff»
.. ... -
tf C . ?-Rfe'AQ ALL CATEJjdklES FIRSf-- Please s/iiswc? from 0^0%. Anyvcrs 1
t
o -
nyv
C*
"
1)
2) ^i c
A/
3) 5/1
-------
A
1)
%
/ *\3 /
2) <(§*
C
C5.
CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%. T«
-X
ft&i
1)
2)
3)
— SHOW PORTION j^IODEL, PICTURE CARD
~*
\U
—READ ALL
%
~%
C
-'x-
//
PORTION SIZE CODE
.
Z/J
-------
(continuation of Dl)
GROUP D
(C)rJSS(^
\f
(& S^oterS
^£-&i
%
Jrf
zr^£.y .g^y&f?
//
/*"•=-
PORTION SIZIi CODE
D2.
f n/v
A
L) «
—READ ALL CATEGORIllSTIRST-^Plcasc answer from 0-f00%
Answers 1 & fin usT total 100^4.
1)
2)
3)
D3.
U >•
V
„'«> /
% (1 & 2 must total 100%) *O
% (0-100%) f0
;
rr/^:# 5 /a*/m>/^£V«vnft V crwt: &e*''(&rfi*Xi:&<*r
fer^ ft if* —READ ALL^METHODS FOR J2ACH CATEGORY jflRST—
; X . C .^- « A v - /T .^ \
f/Irr*//*f * *"' J*)&y& wtfW3~(£lS ff~ C&frtf? (JJ rJ^^^yOyS
Answers must total 100%.
C
-------
D5.
Ans wcrs must total 100%. ^
f
tf~S*#+rr&
ALL CATEGORIES—
1)
-------
2
33
c
"c
3
r^t
c.
3
H
•Ki
3
'1
k*
<^4
*6
r*
cs
-3
-SJ
-------
c S
r>
g (s>
i.
N: (c
^ o i
S8W
•to
^
j
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\
(3^
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u
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J^
:r4S^
'C
Si?
•^
M
^^
$
'<&£
^
-------
#
MOD
UR
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
ID.
t/
Percentages for each species must total 100%,
(yrJrS
&[? ( namitl/LMt^*
^VA/.' (Hf>nr t/*~i*j
(fifafWu fatttL-tA
0 ^ Jcl**+)
-*
K '
9fhj%* (pyiferi )
Gfyti (flu^f)
tfflKlv^f1
^fScJKo/«t )
^Tt^trAi
^
•*;
& •'t/*^ rirt <*»dflKinpn *
t' roc3
»
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
-------
r
(continuation of E3) ^^-9
Group E
» n
TOTAL 100%
n)
TOTAL 100%
%
TOTAL 100%
2 or f
TOTAL 100%
fr £>(?"
/
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
^ ( 2
TOTAL 100%
114.
- >
•K rtit^v
cr£ ttU t;txAA? CYA>r-
2) SMftf
METHODS FOlfEACH CATEGORY FIR.fr--Answers must total 100%, ^«
T) _j!
g/
• — READ 'ALL
»f
15
-------
1)
%
2) ^A-
,v.A
£/ o %
3).
\
%
E6. ^ _
CATEGORIES— Affsiycrs imisftotaHlodVq.
"^^Ni /
o\ „/,";
/) f(A
3).
A ^^j
/
Art— HE
HEAD ALL
aiAfa*
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
Fl.
PORT1ON S1ZII CODE
16
-------
F2.
A/*
P
—READ ALL CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
2) ITA _
3)I2gOZ
o t/ r/^
/v»n»/
- //
I/
LI
LJ
(If no, go to HI)
V*"**
4
C/c;
(/
PORTION MODEL CODE
rA/»
h
—SOCIAL EVENTS —
; _ f
f/ (X
t£rff f
.T . - - .
112. /^frfr
j-
/
. 1 1 )
frfr*)/r ? Please answer from 0-100% % (If answer is 0, go lo I 1)
0
17
-------
<* \~s /i <"*(/
---SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
.
H3. / *fXm«v ttfurriJrf: /^ fr L>/V triEVyyi? .n .r f At/v/yK &> f ^7A 6r>7 ? ___ oz.(PORTION MODEL CODE: __ )
-y"^»— j"- -jf^r
o.
114. FdyF&fq rf!tr/v)Rf+f? &SCKI& && A/ tfrtf^rfy^i^n^fCv Cf r& f _ ? You may answer from 0- 1 00%.
o/a
11 6y& OrrrnTttSArgus'& ft
/
18-29D 30-54 D55+D
2
V
12. «y 6> 0<*nit ;vi*/n Pt!fj-fl>?vFfv\K'fK Ibs. OR kg.
13. fvcvnA AfrjAn«V feet inches OR cm.
P **•
14. rrffgjvk1 rn^A^ft t^fji/^/ y>jfty
^ V e"
DI 0-10,000 D2 10,001-15,000 D3 15,001-20,000 D4 20,001-25,000
DS 25,001-35,000 D6 35,001-45,000 D7 45^01-1-
15 ^ " ' ' /r /^J %,a* ^
t- ?o j> 4)/
16 fC>r»^ . D r ^ ->
IK
-------
CONCLUSION r/V£Afrnf? £/
folJQ.f/Vl? A/ OT ** A> ^rfyl.' JV^RfajVtffi/&)***>;» Cf
NOTE TIME INTERVIEW ENDSr ^ __ '. __ D j am D 2 pm
njf/\f;tfafn ryASs^K
INTERVIEWER REMARJO
.v^O^-^ _ n n
Jl. Respondent's cooperation was: U j Very good LI 2 Good LJ 3 Fair LJ 4 Poor
^/IrtA/^l j-cctyevfOitgF&'yt&A ; f'V)K>ty$it/V 7^7 »rf^f)'p '**£$ £)/9ifvty&
J2. The quality of respondent's answers were: U j High qualUy IJ2 Generally reliable LJ 3 OjjestionaDle
J3. What was the main reason for the questionable or unreliable quality of the interview?
£ n r-I
J4. Respondent's Gender Female LJ i Male U 2
J5. Further comments:
19
-------
-------
Appendix K.
Chinese Language Questionnaire
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
-------
-------
c
e
Q.
n
e
«
E
a.
CM
a
j=
£35
E
a.
CJ
D
n
a
n
fi
a
-------
I 1 I I
a)
b)
c)
Pi
LI
D
LJ2 (IF NO, TERMINATE INTERVIEW)
n2 (IF NO, TERMINATE INTERVIEW)
D
D
f
a
o
Pi
?) o-s D
6-ioD2 n-2oD3 21 +D,
e)
0
(TERMINATE INTERVIEW IF BOTH "D", "F" ARE YES)
-------
2 (IF NO, TERMINATE INTERVIEW)
1.
§>
f
f f v ^
\ *3- 3 . L^
-------
— SHOW PORTION MODFX and PICTURE CARD —
A2. &
A2.
A3.
2)
3)
% (1 & 2 total 100%)
_: % (0-100%)
. f S^( (^
A4.
n
2)
— HEAD ALL CATKGORIKS FIRST— Please answer 0-100%. Answers 1 & 2 must total 100%.
& 2 musl total 100%)
?
% 2)
._% 3) /fak(fy
%
_ __^_^___
—READ ALL CATEGORlES-^Answers must total 100%.
2)
3)
4) g
-------
PORTION SIZE CODE
Nr-
a
o
o
s
z;
O
O
ft
O ffl
*?"<
-------
(continuation of Bl)
GROUP B
a-
PORTION SIZE CODE
19
B2.
166;
'i-
. —READ ALL CATEGORIES
FIRST— Please answer from 0-100%. Answers 1 & 2 must total 100%.
n
2)
3)
B3.
1^
_ _% (1 & 2 must total 100%)
__% (0-100%)
-v
. —READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH
CATEGORY FIRST— Answers must total 100%.
.j-fi.
1)
2)
SC^t ^ %^ gg.
-------
B5.
: —READ ALL CATEGORIES— Answers must (otul 100%.
1)
2)
3)
4)
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
o/0
PORTION SIZE CODE
-------
(continuation of Cl)
GROUP C
PORTION SIZE CODE
r>
C2.
must total 100%.
1) .
2) .
C3.
—READ ALL CATEGORIES FIRST— Please answer from 0-100%. Answers 1 & 2
% (1 & 2 must total 100%)
% (0-100%)
—READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH
CATEGORY FIRST— Answers must total 100%.
2)
-------
C4.
1 )
C5. &_
%
2)
CATEGORIIIS— Answers must total 100%.
o_m
2)
3)
4)
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
Group D
%
3)
: —READ ALL
PORTION SIZE CODE
-------
(continuation ofDl)
GROUP D
fe.*&
*&&> &
*/» 'tr-l
3^
^/ASLk-ff?)
*- *V*f*-t_
c$/#^-
» '
^
(
- Wftl&ffi
*$sM
fr
PORTION SIZE CODE
D2.
D
Answers 1 & 2 must total 100%.
2)
3)
D3.
—READ ALL CATEGORIES FIRST— Please answer from 0-100%.
% (1 & 2 must total 100%)
___% (0-100%)
Answers must total 100%.
n
2)
D4.
y
—READ ALL METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST—
2) .JiH
3)
10
-------
D5. >
Answers must total 100%,
: —READ ALL CATEGORIES-
— SHOW PORTION MODEL, PICTURE CARD —
GROUP
El,
PORTION SIZE CODE
A.
7}
11
-------
o
o
3
C
C
o
o
Ed
c.
o
&
-------
N
Z
O
C tu
^ D
o o
a. U
Ve
-g
-------
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
E3.
. Percentages Tor each species must total 100%.
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
5?
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
-------
(continuation of E3)
Group E
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
%
%
TOTAL 100%
%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
TOTAL 100%
e-i
TOTAL 100%
E4.
METHODS FOR EACH CATEGORY FIRST-- Answers must total 100%.
2)
. —READ ALL
15
-------
1)
E5.
E6.
CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
1)
2)
3).
4)
%
2)
3)
—READ ALL
— SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD —
GROUP F
Fl.
PORTION SIZE CODE
JL
16
-------
F2.
f
Gl.
—READ ALL CATEGORIES— Answers must total 100%.
%
"%
"%
"%
2 _ (If no, go to HI)
PORTION MODEL CODE
—SOCIAL EVENTS -
HI. ^
H2.
(If 0, go to no. II)
? Please answer from 0-100%
% (If answer is 0, go to I 1)
17
-------
--SHOW PORTION MODEL and PICTURE CARD
H3.
12.
13 .
14.
oz.(PORTION MODEL CODE:
? You may answer from O-l
] 0-10,000
D5 25,001-35000
IS. li
18-29Di 30-54
ibs.OR ___ kg.
feet inches OR
55+D
cm.
D2 10,001-15,000
D6 35,001-45,000
I ] 15,001-20,000 D 20,001-25,000
3
7 4501
D
-------
CONCLUSION
.^frSf-^fef. q i&» #%.$&•*& ,&.&&
NOTE TIME INTERVIEW ENDS: : D } am D 2 pm
-------
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Appendix L.
Filipino Language Questionnaire
A&PI Seafood Consumption Study EPA 910/R-96/007
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