CONSTRUCTION  DETAILS
                    OF
ISOKINETIC SOURCE-SAMPLING  EQUIPMENT
                     by

                Robert M. Martin
       U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
              Office of Air Programs
         Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
                  April 1971

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The APTD (Air Pollution Technical Data) series of reports  is issued by the Office
of Air Programs, Environmental Protection Agency,  to report technical data of
interest to a limited number of readers.  Copies of APTD reports are available
free of charge to Federal employees,  current contractors and grantees, and non-
profit organizations - as supplies permit - from the Air Pollution Technical Infor-
mation Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711 or may be obtained, for a nominal  cost, from the National Technical
Information Service,  5235 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
                           Publication No.  APTD-0531

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                              LIST  OF  FIGURES


FigU"                                                                    Page
   1.   Meter Box Case Construction Diagram	   7
   2.   Meter Box Case Bottom Construction Diagram	   3
   3.   Meter Box Panel Hole Pattern Diagram	   9
   4.   Orifice Construction Diagram	11
   5.   Meter Box Wiring Diagram	13
   6.   Leveling Device Construction Diagram	14
   7.   Optional Solenoid Assembly Diagram	14
   8.   Sample Box Construction Diagram,  Plywood Parts	16
   9.   Sample Box Construction Diagram,  Masonite and  Pentafoam Parts  .  .  17
  10.   Three-Dimensional View of Sample  Box	  18
  11.   Impinger Bath Area	19
  12.   Sample Box Wiring Diagram	20
  13.   Umbilical Cord Construction Diagram	22
  14.   Pitobe Construction Diagram	25
  15.   Source-Sampling Cyclone	28
  16.   Sectional View of Filter Holder  ..................  29
                                      111

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LIST  OF TABLES
bie
1
?
3
4
*
A
7
8.
Materials for Meter Box Construction .......
Plumbing Parts List for Meter Box 	 	 .
Electrical Parts List for Meter Box 	
Electrical Parts List for Sample Box . 	
Parts List for 25-Foot Umbilical Cord 	
Pitobe Parts List 	
Glassware Parts List 	 	 	 	 . .
Imoineer Connector Parts List 	
Page
	 6
	 , . 10
12
	 19
	 22
	 24
	 27
....... 29

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                                CONTENTS
                                                                     Page
INTRODUCTION	      1
METER BOX CONSTRUCTION	      3
    Wood Parts	      3
    Plumbing Parts ,.......,....,.,	      3
    Electrical Hookup	      4
    Finish Details	      5
    Optional Solenoid Valve Assembly	      5
SAMPLE BOX  CONSTRUCTION	     15
UMBILICAL CORD CONSTRUCTION	     21
PITOBE CONSTRUCTION	     23
    Pitot      	«	•	     23
    Probe Glass .	     23
GLASSWARE	     27
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES FOR ORIFICE AND METER	     31
    Terminology	     31
    Procedures	     31

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                   CONSTRUCTION  DETAILS

                                   OF

     ISOKINETIC  SOURCE-SAMPLING EQUIPMENT

                             INTRODUCTION

     The following discussion *was prepared in order that interested persons in
local air pollution agencies might build ila..r own source-sain; 1:ig equipment.  -
This equipment was designed and has beer* used since  1967 by employees of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Pollution Control Office (APCO).*
In a field test, the equipment was run for two 24-hour periods without encountering
any malfunctions.  APCO Publication No. APTD-0576, Maiatenance.  C alibration,
and Ope ration ofla okineti c Source -Sampling Erui-wnent, is recommended for use
when the equipment becomes operational.
     The ideas and experiences  of numerovs people,  gained from many tests on
a, •  riety of sources, contributed to the design  of this  equipment. Although, per-
formance has been satisfactory in most instances, this equipment, like most, can
still be improved.
     A similar set of equipment  is available commercially.  It is being marketed
for approximately $2,200 (19T"> p-ice).  The commercial package includes the
meter box,  umbilical cord,  sample box with glassware, and a probe.
 ^Formerly the National Air Pollution Control Administration,

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                         METER  BOX  CONSTRUCTION
WOOD PARTS
      Cut out the sides and top of the case from exterior grade 3/8-inch-thick ply-
wood according to the specifications in Table 1 and Figure 1.  Apply a good grade
of casein or resorcinol glue,  and nail these three parts together with 1-inch brads.
Cut out and attach the back to this assembly.   Cut the panel supports from pine,
and glue and nail them to the inside of the case.   Next,  cut out the bottom (Figure
2) from 1/2-inch-thick exterior plywood, and make the I/4~inch-wi.de  groove for
insertion of the panel.
      Cut the bottom frame from 1- by 1-inch aluminum angle  (Table 1), and weld
the underside  of each of the four corners. Drill and countersink 12 holes, 3 in
each piece; and attach the frame to the underside of the bottom with 1/2-inch flat-
head screws.  Figure 2 shows construction details for the meter box case bottom.
      Cut out the panel from 1/4-inch-thick tempered Masonite, * and drill the
holes according to the dimensions and pattern shown in Figure 3.  Dimensions of
some of the components  and hole diameters may differ in size  from those on the
figure because of equipment changes.   Check sizes before making the holes.
PLUMBING PARTS
      Table 2  shows the parts that are necessary for the installation of the plumb-
ing.   Bolt the  pump  to the bottom with 1/4- by 1-inch bolts.  Remove the oiler that
comes with the pump and install a  1/4-inch-diameter plug in the  oiler  inlet hole.
Attach a 1/4-inch male pipe to the 3/8-inch sweat adaptors  in the top inlet and out-
let ports of the pump.
      Install the two valves and the  1/2-inch quick disconnect on the panel; they
support the panel temporarily in place while the piping is being located. Cut and
fit the pipe from the quick disconnect up to the valves and over to the vacuum gauge.
Modify the oiler by drilling a 1/4-inch hole through the body and  inserting  a pipe
cleaner for a wick.   The wick should point in the  direction of airflow to achieve the
desired capillary action of oil.  Attach this assembly to the tee between the valves,
 *M«ntion of a specific company or product does not constitute endorsement by the
  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,

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and join it to the pump; continue installing the piping up to the meter.  Tighten and
solder all connections; use Teflon tape on all threaded  joints.
      The meter can be attached in a number of ways; the simplest is by the use
of pipe adaptors.  The fittings that hold the thermometers must be drilled out to
5/32-inch in order to hold the thermometer stems.   The thermometer used on the
inlet  side of the me'^r must be bent slightly in order to clear  the meter mechanism
as it  cycles.  The the:—nometers  are secured in the Swagelok  fittings with Teflon
ferrules.  Fabricate and  install the orifice  as shown, in Figure 4.  The orifice  can
be enlarged after construction to  achieve  a  better calibration.  This procedure
will be discussed further in the i»ction on calibration.   Shape a piece of Pentafoam
so that it can be used as a shock-absorbing wedge betv?een the meter and the pump.
Keep the size of the foam to a minimum to avoid interference  with the cooling air-
flow.
      Attach the manometer to the panel with two  1/4-  by Z-inch bolts.  Mount the
optional solenoid valves on a piece of 1/4-inch plywood, and attach this assembly
to the hack of the panel.  Complete the attachment of the Tygon tubing from the
orifice and of the pitot disconnects to the  solenoid valves and manometer.  This
completes the piping.  The fan is attached to the plumbing by means of clips
soldered to the tubing.
ELECTRICAL  HOOKUP
      Refer to Table 3 for a list of the necessary electrical components.  Remove
the panel from the base,  and mount lights,  switches, timer, powerstat,  and buzzer
on it.  Begin the electrical hookup with the  power cord, and follow wiring instruc-
tions  in  Figure 5.  Insert a piece of metal behind  the powerstat, and ground it  to
the frame of the timer,  Also ground the pump and timer to the power cord  through
the timer frame.  Double-check the wiring  to the  Amphenol fittings for proper
orientation.  Then hook up the SPDT switch to  the solenoid valves on the mano-
meter zero assembly.  Plug  in and test all  circuits  for proper operation.  Use an
electric drill or voltmeter to check the operation of the powerstat through the
Am phenol connector.  Adjust the  timer connection so that the buzzer and pilot
light  operate approximately for 15 seconds  at the  start of each 5-minute  interval,
Replace the panel,  connect the pump and fan wires,  and test,

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FINISH  DETAILS
      Place the case over the assembly, and locate the thermometer and fan holes.
Cut out the fan holes, and cover with, a screen or grill of your choice.  Cut out the
thermometer windows, inlay the Plexiglas disks, and glue into place.  Attach
handles as desired.  Cut away,  with a bandsaw,  any unnecessary portion of mano-
meter, and mount the latter on  the panel with 1/4- by 2-inch machine screws.
Keep the right edge of the manometer even with  the edge of the panel.  Bore 1/4-
inch-diameter holes  for manometer  lines through the panel, and connect the lines
to pitot leads and the solenoid valve  block.  Install the leveling device as shown in
Figure 6.  Secure the panel to the panel supports with 3/4-inch wood screws
through the aluminum frame. Mark the controls for quick identification to avoid
errors in switching.  Attach the aluminum angle to the front cover, as shown in
Figure 1.  The instrument is now ready for painting and calibration.
OPTIONAL SOLENOID VALVE ASSEMBLY
      The purpose  of this  device is  to allow the  meter box operator to zero the
manometer more conveniently while the test is running.   The cost  of the unit is
around $50; it is not, however,  essential to the  operation of the sampler.
      The solenoid valve assembly should be installed as shown in  Figure 7.
Three two-way solenoid valves  are used in this  assembly; two are  usually open,
and one is usually closed.  One of the open solenoid valves, followed by a closed
solenoid valve, is located on the upstream tap and an open solenoid valve on
i.! .- do-"~-"»tream tap.  WTien these valves are energized by closing the switch, the
flow  ^ blocked ir^y the manometer  and  the usually closed solenoid valve opens to
allow the pressure to equalize and bring the manometer  to zero. If leveling must
be done during the  test, the Tygon tubing can be temporarily disconnected from
the manometer taps to  manually rezero the  manometer.

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              Table 1.   MATERIALS FOR METER BOX CONSTRUCTION
Component size,
                 in.
Number of
 pieces
 Dimensions, in.
     Placement
1/2 plywood
1/2 plywood
3/8 plywood
1/4 plywood
1/4 plywood
1/4 Masoni te
3/4 pine
3/4 pine
1/8 Plexiglas
1  by 1  aluminum angle
1  by 1  aluminum angle
    1
    1
    2
    1
    1
    1
    2
    ]
    2
    2
    2
12-1/4 by 12-1/2
12-1/2 by 13
12-1/2 by 23-1/2
12-1/2 by 23-3/8
13-1/4 by 23-3/8
12-1/2 by 22-3/4
   3/4 by 22-1/2
   3/4 by 12-1/2
2-1/2 diameter
13-1/2
13
Bottom
Top
Sides
Back
Front
Panel
Panel supports
Panel support
Thermometer windows
Base frame, width
Base frame, depth

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   ORIFICE HOLE
MADE AFTER ORIFICE
   INSTALLATION
                                                                    1/8 PLEXIGLAS
                                              DHOLES MADE AFTER
                                            INSTALLATION OF METER














J 3-1/4






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ALUMINUM
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i.
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J


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ALUMINUM .
FRAME
f \
t
DIMENSIONS IN INCHES


                                Figure 1.  Meier box case construction diagram.

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            • 3-3/4-
                 1/2    j
              "T*
                  i.   T 0
            1/4 HOLES
Jt__#
                                                   2.1 /2
                                      COOLING
                                       MOLES
                                     DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
                                                 5/16 HOLE
2-1/4

 i
_L
   Figure 2.  Meter box casa bottom construction diagram.

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                   12-1/2-









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OLZ OIAMETERCODE
 3/4 n/16  1/2  7/1*               DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
 ®  0  •   ®

Figure 3.  Meter box panel hole pattern diagram.

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                    Table 2.  PLUMBING PARTS LIST FOR METER BOX
      Part
            Description and/or catalog number
1 pump
1 oiler
] muffler
) vacuum gauge
1 gas meter
1 manometer
1 va1ve, need 1e
1 va1ve, ball
1 quick disconnect
2 quick disconnects
3 male elbows
1 male connector
3 adaptors
1 adaptor
1 adaptor
4 ells
2 tees
1 tee
3 nipples
1 adaptor
1 union
3-ft tubing
3-ft tubing
1 ell
2 connectors
4 inserts
1 roll tape
2 ferrules
2 ferrules
6-ft tubing
2 thermometers
Sast 522-V3
Gast, modified wick oiler
Cast glass jar, modified
Gast, 0-30 in.
Rockwell N-68 S 175S  175CFH direct readout, 1 x 10  ft
Dwyer No. 422010, inclined vertical manometer
Whitey  1 RF 4-A
Hoke 30201-5
Swagelok 810-1/2 in. QC-6100, bulkhead
Swage1 ok 400-1/2 in. QC-6100, bulkhead
Swagelok 600-2-4
Swagelok 400-1-2
1/4-in, male pipe to 3/8-in. sweat, copper
1/4-in. male pipe to 1/4-in. sweat, copper
1/4-in. female pipe to 3/8-in. sweat, copper
3/8-in. sweat, copper
3/8-in. sweat, copper
1/4-in. pipe, copper
1/4-in. pipe, close, copper
1/4-in. male pipe to 1/8-in. male pipe, copper
3/8-in. sweat, copper
3/8-in. hard copper
1/4-in. soft copper
1/4-in. sweat, copper
1/8-in. tubing to 1/16-in. butt-weld Swagelok 200-1-2W
1/4-in.-OD tubing; 1/8-in.-iO Swageiok 405-2
"Strip Teeze" Swagelok, Teflon
Swagelok 203-1, Teflon
Swagelok 204-1, Teflon
1/4-in.-00 by 1/8-in.-ID Tygon
Weston Model  2261 - 40" to 160° F

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MATERIAL:  STANDARD HARD COPPER TUBING
           EXCEPT FOR BRASS ORIFICE DISK,
           ALL FITTINGS SWEAT SOLDERED.
DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
                                                        ORIFICE
                                                   I/2-OO BRASS WASHER
                                                  DRILLED OUT TO 3/H-l O
                             Figure 4. Orifice construction diagram.

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                   Table 3.  ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST FOR METER BOXa
          Part
   Part number and/or manufacturer
Cost, S
1  ma 1e plug



4 SPOT toggle switches



1  SPOT toggle switch



6 pi lot 1ights


1  Amphenol  connector

1  Amphenol  cable clamp

I  variable  transformer


1  re I ay

1  interval  timer


1  gear rack assembly


1  cooling fan


3 solenoid  valves
30-ft, 16-gauge stranded
  hookup wI re
Eagle parallel ground-rubber-handle cap,     $ 0.45
  15 A B 125 V
  Allied   26A37I7

Standard duty 115-V, 15-amp solder             0.57
  term!nals
  Allied 56A4534

Standard duty 115-V, I5-amp solder             0.66
  term!nals
  Allied S6A4536

Snaplite neon lights (pilot), series 32        0.75
  Allied 60A7922

Series 3i06A, 145-25                           1.26

3057-^                                         0.57

Powerstat,  No. 10B                             8,50
  Allied 54E2536

Potter and  Blumfield 8U-120 AC                 1.85

Industrial  timer CM-5 foundation unit         18.75
  Allied

Industrial  timer A-30                          1.75
  Allied 58E8518

Rotron 100-cfm muffin fan venturi  model       14.50
  Allied 60E8597

Skinner  Precision Industries,                 iO.OO
  New Brittain, Connecticut                 (approxi-
  S 2 DA9052  115/60                         mately)
  VN7-308
 Allied Radio Catalog Numoers are provided for reference,  not as  suggestion for
 purchase.

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                                                         TO MANOMETER
                                                             ZERO
Figure S. Meier box wiring diagram.

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                                                                DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
TEE NUT 3/4 ID, 1/2 x 8-32
TEE NUT 5/16 - 18


    MACHINE BUMPER  3/4 ID, 1/2 x 8-32
                        Figure€.  Leveling device construction Diagram.
                                         TO PUMP SWITCH
                       SPOT SWITCH
                  NORMALLY
                    OPEN   I
^
4
NORMALLY
CLOSED r
-4s
1 !
•, M
NORMALLY
OPSN T


,
•* SOLENOID VALVES
                                                          TO MANOMETER
                         Figure 7. Optional solenoid assembly diagram.

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                        SAMPLE  BOX  CONSTRUCTION
      Refer to Figures 8 and 9 for part numbers.  Figure 10 is a three-dimen-
sional view of the assembled parts.
      Begin construction "by cutting out the parts.  Attach part number 3 to parts
B, 6, and 4; attach with screws so that part 3 can be removed for servicing the fan
and heater components. To this assembly, add bottom (part 9); attach with glue
and screws except at the joint with part 3,  Using glue and  small brads,  attach
parts 7,  12, and 5, in that order. At this point, the impinger bath area (shaded
section on Figure 11) should be lined with fiberglass cloth  and resin to provide a
water-tight compartment.  Place tape on ail joints and apply at least two coats of
resin. While  the fiber glass is curing, attach parts 1 and 2; add hinges for  the
attachment of  part 3.  Also install a catch and knob to part 1.  An electrical parts
list is given in Table 4, and Figure  12 shows a wiring diagram.  Screw the  ther-
mostat housing, Amphenol fitting, and probe socket to part 10,  Form an alumi-
num shield around the heating coil, and attach it to the blower.  Remove part 3,
and attach the blower and thermostat into place.   Complete the wiring of the fan
and thermostat, and replace part 3.  Glue Pentafoaxn insulation onto parts 6 and
12, and insert impinger support (part 11).  Paint the inside of the heater compart-
ment with aluminum paint for heat reflection; also paint the exterior of the box.

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2
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MATERIALS
3/8-EXTERIOR PLYWOOD
1 PC. 6x7 NO. 2
\ PC. 10-1/4 x 13 NO. 3
JO 1 fO. 1 I-l/ii X IJ NU. 1
1 PC. 6-3/4 x 20 NO. 6








1 PC. 11-3/4 x 20 NO. 8
1 PC. 3-1/2 x 9 NO, 10

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
(drawings not lo scale)




Figure 8.  Sample box construction d(a"  m, plywood parls.

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1
•« 	 6-1/7
7


,
*1
1

t
7-1/4
1

3



12
B



2
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p* 	 6-1/2 	 M
-H


« — i ~ - •*•
1
4-3/4
t
9




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                                                                                  1/2 THICK
                                                                                 PENTAFOAM
                                                 DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
        MATERIALS:

1/8 TEMPERED MASONITE
1 PC. 6-1/2 x 7-1/4   NO.  1
1 PC. 10 x 11-1/4     NO.  5
1 PC. 4-l/2x 13      NO.  7
1 PC. 11-1/4 x 12     NO.  9
1 PC. 6-1/2 x 20      NO. 12
     Figure 9.  Sample box construction diagram, Masonite and Penta(oam parts.

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Figure 10, Three-dimensional view of sample box.

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                         T?
                                          W w\ x x x x x x x.

\^/^^
O
O
1




K N
|\ N
K N
R ^
^ ^
IN ^
*N "S


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O

\
\ \
\ N
x N
s N
S \
N N
X X
X N


X s
• T- \ N \ x N N Ni N "^ v \
                   Figure 11, impinger bath irea. (Shaded area
                            reinforced-with fiber glass.)
               Table k.  ELECTRICAL  PARTS  LIST FOR SAMPLE BOX
         Part
Part number and/or manufacturer
Approximate
  cost, $
Ampheno! connector

Amoheno! cable clamp

Thermostat


Blower



Heating element


Base, 2-piece porcelain


Socket
Series 310A, l^5-2P

3057-6

White Rodgers, St. Louis 23, Mo.
  1002-6 Temperature Control

Dayton (1) 2C782
  Dayton Electric Mfg. Company
  Chicago,  111.

Eagle Electric Mfg. Company
  Long Island City, N. Y.

Eagle Electric Mfg. Company
  Long Island City, H. Y.
Ampheno 1 160-2
  Allied No.
    0.57


   20.00



   15-20


    1.50


    2.00


    0.93

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                  HEATER
 THERMOSTAT
o
o
                                                               PROBE
                  AMPHENOL CONNECTOR
                          Figure 12. Sample box wiring diagram.
20

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                      UMBILICAL  CORD  CONSTRUCTION
      Table 5 is a parts  list for umbilical cord construction.  The umbilical cord
may be made in any length up to 200 feet •without encountering a prohibitive  pres-
sure drop; for convenience, however, it  is preferable to make a number of  cords,
each 25 feet long.   Figure 13  shows construction details  for the umbilical cord.
The  cord  is fabricated by cutting 25-foot lengths of the components—vacuum hose,
electric wires, and pitot tubing—and laying them together in a clear working area.
Starting 2 feet from one  end,  wrap the components together with a suitable tape
such as "Mystic" cloth tape or plastic electrical tape.  Wrap the  cord up to 2 feet
from the other end. Orient the ends of the cord by specifying one a meter end and
the other a. sample end; the meter end should be plugged  into the meter box,  and
the sample end should be attached to the  sample box.
     At the meter  end of the vacuum hose, attach  a 1/2-inch male quick disconnect
by screwing the thread of the  1/4-inch pipe into the hose.  Attach  the two male
1/4-inch quick disconnects to the pitot lines and solder the electric cords into the
male Amphenol connector.  On the sample end, attach the fittings  in the same way,
using a female Amphenol fitting and quick disconnects.
                                       21

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                  Table 5.  PARTS LIST FOR 25-foot UMBILICAL CORD
                   Part
Description  and/or catalog number
           50-ft Tygon tubing
           25-ft pressure hose
           50-ft electric cord
           1  roll tape
           2  quick disconnects
           2  quick disconnects
           1  quick disconnect
           1  quick disconnect
           1  Amphenol connection
           )  Amphenol connection
           2  Amphenol cable clamps
  l/4-in.-OD by l/8-in.-ID
  3/8-in,-ID Neoprene air hose
  16-gauge zlpcord
  Mystic or plastic  electrical
  }/k F 400 - 1/4 QC -  600
  1/4 M 400 - 1/4 QC -  200
  1/2 F 810-1/2 QC - 100 - 4
  1/2 M 810-1/2 QC - 200
  Series 3106* - 145-25 (female)
  Series 310IA - 145-25 (male)
  3057 - 6
                    16-gauge ZIPCORD
                    PLASTIC TAPE'
                                     1/4-OO x 1/8-1D TYGON
                                                AIR HOSE, 3/8 ID
    400- 1/4 QC - 200
                          400 - 1 /4 QC - 60
                MALE AMPHENOL
        FEMALE AMPHENOL
                   \\\\\\\\\\\Y
 310- 1/2 QC - 200
   METER END
                                -a.
                                     • 25 ft •
                        810- 1/2 OC -100-4
                            SAMPLE END
                DIMENSIONS IN INCHES UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED
                      Figure 13. Umbilical cord construction diagram.
22

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                           PITOBE  CONSTRUCTION
      Refer to Table 6 for the parts necessary for pitobe  construction.  Pitches of
any length from 2 to 10 feet may be used without encountering problems during
sampling.  The first step is to cut the sheath to the desired length and weld a
Swagelok 5/8-inch ferrule nut onto one end of  the tube.  The nut must be square
with the  end of the tube.  The use of a pilot shaft as shown in Figure 14 will ensure
that it is square.  Welding may be done with silver solder if the probe will not be
used in stacks where the temperature exceeds 1, 000° F; if higher temperatures
will be encountered,  arc welding will be necessary.  On the  opposite end of the
sheath, cut a  notch to clear the electric wire for the probe heat as shown in the
figure.
PITOT
      The pitot is made by bending a 45-degree angle on the  end of a 3/8-inch
stainless steel tube  and cutting as shown in Figure 14.  After two of these have
been cut, they are welded together with the cut ends facing in opposite directions
and in as good alignment as possible.   The welds  should be about  1 foot apart along
the length of the pitot.  The pitot should be 2 inches shorter  than the sheath, and
the last weld should not be closer than 6 inches from the end, as shown in Figure
14.  Bend out the  two ends slightly to facilitate attachment of quick disconnects.
When the above steps have been completed, weld the pitot  to the sheath using short
pieces of 1/4-inch stainless steel.  The center of the pitot opening must be 3-1/2
inches from the front of the sheath nut so that the pitot and nozzle will be adjacent
during sampling.  To determine the length relationship of  the various parts, let
L ~ length of the probe  sheath with the nut welded on; then the length of the pitot
tube  without the quick disconnects will be L minus 2 inches,  and the length of the
glass probe will be L plus 2 inches.
PROBE  GLASS
      The glass insert length must be determined before the ball joint is attached.
The latter usually must be custom-made by a  glassblower.  After the ball joint
is attached, a No. 7 rubber stopper,  bored as shown in Figure 14, is slipped onto
the glass tube.  After the stopper is in place,  a 25-foot Nichrome wire is logarith-
mically wound onto the glass and held in place with glass electrical  tape,  Th«
                                       23

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wire  is doubled, and the winding is begun about 2 inches from the end and continued
along the length of the probe.  As each few inches is wound, a piece of  tape is put
on to hold the wire as the winding is  continued.  After the entire  probe  has been
wound with wire, it is then rewound with the glass tape.  The remaining two ends
of the Nichrorne wire are soldered to the  zipeord, which plugs  into the  sample
box.

                            Table 6,   P1TQBE  PARTS LIST
                Part
       1 un i on
       25-ft wlre
       2 male quick disconnects
       I rubber stopper
       J ball joint
       2-ft electrical cord
       1 plug
       1 ro!1 tape
       2-ft pi tot tubing*
       1-ft glass tubea
       1-ft probe sneath3
              Description
Swage 1ok 1010-6
Nichrome 26 B & S  Curt in  22870 F
Swage 1 ok 400-1A SIC-200
No. 7
Groynd glass No. 28
16-gauge 2-conductor  zipeord
Male, 2-prong
Scotch  electrical  No. 27  - ^EGT - G?8%T
3/8-tn.-QD thin-wall  stainless steel
5/8-in,-00 Pyrex
l-tn.-OO by 0.035  wall MIL-T-8504
  Seamless Summer!1 AWTR  304
       Per foot of pitobe.
24

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INJ
in
           CUT
          HERE
                                         WELD EACH FOOT



K NUT



_


C


i _ o
3 C
L,


3 C


~^Cx
3


t OD x 0.035 WALL STAINLESS STEEL TUBE j~
                          WELD
      5/8      PILOT SHAFT
           2*
                (minimum)
                        O.§30
                                                     L*2
                             \ \ \ \ \\  \  m\\m\v^\\\\ \\ \\  \\
                               GLASS TAPE       \  \      NICHROME WIRE
                                                                                        WELD
                                                                                        END VIEW
                                                                                       OF ASSEMBLY
                                                                                        NO. 7 STOPPER
                                                                                            H
NO. § 28/12
BALLJOINT
                                                                                  IB-gauge ZIPCORD
                                                                                  DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
                                          Figure 14.  Pi lobe construction diagram.

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                                  GLASSWARE
      Refer to Table 7 for the glassware parts list.  The probe is connected
directly to a cyclone that has been modified by the addition of No. 23/15 ground-
glass ball joints.  The cyclone,  built as  shown in Figure 15,  is attached to a
modified filter holder (Figure 16) that has also  been fitted with ball joints.  The
filter holder is held together with a clamp that is fabricated from 1/8-inch alumi-
num.  This  filter holder contains a glass frit and also has a silicone  rubber gasket,
which can be made by most gasket companies.
      From the filter,  a ball-joint-fitted connector leads into the first irnpinger.
A set of three connectors then leads through the three remaining impingers.
Refer to Table 8  for the irnpinger connector  parts  list.  These impingers also
have been modified by the addition of ball joints.  The last impinger is attached to
an umbilical cord connector that contains a check valve to prevent backpressure
from pulling the impinger liquids into the filter.  All of this glass modification
should be done by a competent glassblower.  If  the sampling  situation does not
require the  use of a cyclone, then a bypass fitting can be used.
                         Table 7.  GLASSWARE PARTS  LIST
        Part
                    Description
     Cyclone
     Filter
     Impinger
     Connectors
     Ball joints
     Socket
     C1 amps
Specially  fabricated as shown in Figure  15
Fabricated
6800 -  Corning
Fabricated from ball joint and l/2-in.-ID glass tubing
Corning No.  6762 ball 28/12
Corning No.  6764 socket 28/12
Ball and socket joint clamp size No.  28
                                        27

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rs>
CO
         5/8 ID
                                    MATERIAL:  PYHEX GLASS

                                    COST:  ABOUT $40
                                                                                                                    DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
                                                          Figure 15. Source sampling cyclone.

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                              MATERIAL:  PYREX GLASS
                       SILICONS RUBBER
                       GASKET
28/15 3ALL SOCKET
                                                            • 3-1/8 -
                                                                                  2-7/8
                                                                 28/12 BALL JOINT
      FRITTED GLASS DISK
                                                                DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
                            Figure 16.  Sectional view of filter holder.
                     Table  8.   PARTS  LIST  FOR  IMPINGER  CONNECTOR
                     Part
            Description
                Ball  joint
                Check valve
                Quick disconnect
                Tube
                Hose
                Connector

                Thermometer
Female, stainless steel
NUPRO 8-C 1/2-in, tubing
Swage 1ok, 810-1/2-in. QC-600
3/8-in.-stainless steel, 3 in. long
3/8-i n.-10 Neoprene a i r hose
Swage 1 ok 200-1-2W, 1/8-in.
  tubing to butt weld
Weston dial  Model 2292 25 - 125°  F
                                                                                    29

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           CALIBRATION  PROCEDURES  FOR  ORIFICE  AND  METER
      A preliminary check should be made of the following parts for proper opera-
 tion before trial test:  pump, pump oil, quick disconnects, valves, manometers,
 dry test meter, thermometers, lights, buzzer, Amphenol,  Variac, and vacuum
 gauge.  Vacuum should be tested for leakage at 27 inches.
TERMINOLOGY
      cfm     = ft^ /min
      AHg     = Orifice pressure differential in inches of water that gives 0, 75
                cfm of air at 70° F and 29. 92  in. Hg
      Y       = Dry meter differential, in. H2O
      Pb      - Barometric pressure, in. Hg
      CFW    = Wet test meter reading,  ft3
      CF
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If the value is not within 1. 6 to 2,1 (I. 84 desired), the orifice can be drilled in
increments of 1/64 inch, to lower the value; if the value is below 1.6,  then the
orifice should be replaced and the procedure repeated in  calibration.
    2
      Calculate  Y by us ing the formula
           y -
                CFd(Pb * 0. 147) (Tw + 460)
Y is  obtained during the trial run along with AHg.  If the value is not within 0. 99
and 1. 01 (1. 00 desired), adjustments have to be made to the meter.  To adjust the
meter,  remove the four screws on the top of the meter, carefully remove the lid,
and expose the lever mechanism to make  sure that the adjusting nuts "A" and "B"
ire in position. To adjust the meter,  "A" and "B" are turned clockwise to
lecrease the value of Y and counterclockwise to increase the value of Y. After
naking  the adjustment, replace the lid and screws and run another trial test.

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