SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS:
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS
REDUCTION PROGRAM
ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005
TITLE VII, SUBTITLE G, SECTIONS.791-797
-------
-------
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS:
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS
REDUCTION PROGRAM
V %>
s?
* J
O
PREPARED BY:
U.S. EPA's
OFFICE OF TRANSPORTATION
AND AIR QUALITY
WASHINGTON, DC
-------
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Executive Summary 1
1. DERA Overview 7
Grant Funding Has Delivered Multiple Benefits 9
DERA Program Structure Reflects National and State Interests 12
DERA's Tools and Resources 13
2. Highlights of the DERA 2008 and 2009/2010 Grants 17
2008: DERA's Debut 17
2009/2010: Creating Efficiencies 21
3. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grants: A Boost for DERA 25
4. Looking to the Future 31
Challenges and Lessons Learned 31
Clean Diesel Opportunities 33
Appendix A. National Clean Diesel Funding Assistance Program 37
Appendix B. Emerging Technologies 47
Appendix C. SmartWay Finance 49
Appendix D. State Clean Diesel Programs 51
Appendix E. National Program Evaluation Criteria 55
Appendix F. Clean Diesel Collaboratives 57
Appendix G. Acronyms and Abbreviations 59
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
-------
Executive Summary
From goods movement to building construction to public transporta-
tion, diesel engines are the modern-day workhorse of the American
economy. Diesel engines are extremely efficient, and they power
nearly every major piece of machinery and equipment on farms, on con-
struction sites, in ports, and on highways. However, not all diesel engines are
as clean as those manufactured after 2006 and later, when EPA's stringent
heavy-duty highway and non-road engine standards began coming into effect. EPA estimates that ap-
proximately 11 million older diesel engines remain in use, and will continue to emit significant amounts
of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) until they wear out and are replaced. To reduce
the public's exposure to pollution from these older, dirtier engines, Congress in 2005 authorized fund-
ing for the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act, a grant program designed to selectively retrofit or replace
the older diesel engines most likely to impact human health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) administers all Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) funding under the umbrella of the National
Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC), which promotes clean air strategies by working with manufacturers,
fleet operators, air quality professionals, environmental and community organizations, and state and
local officials to reduce diesel emissions.
For more information about the background of NCDC, please see the first Report to Congress: Highlights
of the Diesel Emissions Reduction Program, EPA-420-R-09-006.
DERA FUNDING HAS PROVIDED A BROAD RANGE OF BENEFITS
Since 2008, the DERA program has achieved impressive outcomes and a range of benefits, such as:
3 Improved air quality, health benefits, and fuel savings. EPA grants have funded projects
that provided immediate health and environmental benefits. From 2008 to 2010, EPA awarded
nearly $470 million to more than 350 grantees in 50 states and the District of Columbia to retrofit,
replace, or repower more than 50,000 vehicles and equipment in a variety of industries. EPA
estimates that these projects will reduce emissions by at least 203,900 tons of NOX and 12,500
tons of PM over the lifetime of the affected engines. As a result of these pollution reductions, EPA
estimates that the health benefits associated with up to 1,400 fewer premature deaths and fewer
hospital visits, among other impacts, will total approximately $3.4 billion to $8.2 billion.1 These
clean diesel projects also are estimated to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 48,000
tons, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 18,000 tons, and carbon dioxide (C02) emissions by 2.3 mil-
lion tons, as well as generate fuel savings of over 205 million gallons as a result of idle reduction.
3 Cleaned up the nation's supply chain. Along with EPA's SmartWay Transport Partnership
program, DERA funding has focused on diesel pollution at intermodal hubs, such as delivery
centers and ports, and across the nation's transportation infrastructure that supplies goods. More
than $300 million in funding has been targeted to reducing emissions from the nation's supply
chain. NCDC will work closely with the SmartWay Program as part of the Legacy Fleet Plan in the
future to target areas with high diesel emissions.
1 EPA's estimates for health benefits assume that each avoided premature death is worth the value of statistical life (VSL). EPA recommends
use of the central estimate for VSL of $7.4 million ($2006), updated to the year of the analysis, be used in all benefits analyses that seek to
quantify mortality risk reduction benefits regardless of the age, income, or other population characteristics of the affected population.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
3 Generated economic and environmental activity. Clean diesel projects are cost-effective,
according to EPA's calculations of health benefits. Each federal dollar invested in clean diesel
projects has leveraged as much as $3 from other government agencies, private organizations,
industry, and nonprofit organizations, generating between $7 and $18 in public health benefits.
In addition, new clean diesel technologies can spur environmental jobs and innovation in the
marketplace.
3 Answered popular demand. Stakeholders have shown a tremendous amount of interest in
EPA-funded clean diesel projects. Funding requests have exceeded availability by as much as 7:1.
3 Met local needs. These grants have solved local problems with locally conceived solutions—all
DERA grant recipients have tailored their projects to their specific community's needs.
3 Served environmental justice communities. Many projects have made health and envi-
ronmental impacts in socially vulnerable areas. Rail and port projects are especially beneficial
because they tend to take place in environmental justice communities, which are disproportion-
ately impacted by higher levels of diesel exhaust.
Fiscal Year 2008
In its inaugural year, EPA funded 119 projects with $49 million. These funds retrofitted over 14,000 ve-
hicles, vessels, or pieces of equipment. This included almost 6,000 school buses and nearly 4,500 long-
haul trucks. The Emerging Technologies (ET) program, an innovative DERA sub-program with a goal
of testing the effectiveness of new clean diesel technologies in the field, got its start in 2008. Through
this program, EPA verified its first emission control devices for marine vessels and locomotives. One
such technology was Caterpillar's marine engine upgrade kit for certain engine models, which is now
available for widespread use to help ship owners reduce pollution. EPA estimates that this first cohort of
119 projects will reduce 22,700 tons of NOX, 2,700 tons of PM, 4,200 tons of HC, 15,900 tons of CO, and
289,900 tons of C02 over the lifetime of the affected engines. These pollution reductions, according to
EPA estimates, will provide approximately $644 million to $1.6 billion in health benefits associated with
fewer premature deaths and other health impacts, and save nearly 26 million gallons of fuel as a result
of projects to reduce engine idling.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
EPA received a $300 million appropriation under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Re-
covery Act) in 2009 and awarded funds to 160 clean diesel projects. Every state and the District of
Columbia received funding, and an additional 109 competitive projects were awarded funds across the
country. EPA's first Recovery Act grant went to the state of Colorado on March 27, 2009, for a school bus
project that retrofitted nearly 1,000 buses. Important considerations in awarding Recovery Act grants
were that the projects be "shovel-ready" and immediately create and retain American jobs. Through the
Diesel Emissions Reduction Program, this funding resulted in the retention and creation of over 3,000
jobs.2 In total, EPA estimates that the clean diesel Recovery Act projects will reduce 130,600 tons of NOX,
7,200 tons of PM, 10,200 tons of HC, 22,800 tons of CO, and 1,309,100 tons of C02, as well as save over
116 million gallons of fuel over the lifetime of the affected engines. The health benefits of these pollu-
tion reductions equate to approximately $2 billion to $4.9 billion.
Fiscal Year 2009/2010
EPA received $60 million appropriations in both 2009 and 2010 and combined those funds to award 84
grants. One grant to Mississippi funded the retrofit or replacement of over 2,000 buses, and provided
the leverage for Mississippi to raise additional funds for diesel retrofits and replacements, allowing the
2 This jobs estimate was created based on self-reported information from Recovery Act grant recipients according to the Office of
Management and Budget's guidance on job reporting.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
state to reach its goal of retrofitting nearly every eligible school bus. Other applicants sought fund-
ing for large and impactful projects in under-served communities, such as those around ports and rail
yards. Projects to repower or replace these heavy-emitting engines brought multi-pollutant reductions
to areas disproportionately affected by diesel exhaust. Applicants also wanted to save fuel and lower
emissions on long-haul trucks. EPA estimates that the fiscal year (FY) 2009/2010 grants will lead to
emissions reductions of 50,600 tons of NOX, 2,600 tons of PM, 3,600 tons of HC, 9,300 tons of CO, and
706,000 tons of C02 over the lifetime of the affected engines, with fuel savings of nearly 63 million gal-
lons associated with projects to reduce idling. EPA estimates that these pollution reductions generate
health benefits of $728 million to $1.8 billion.
Through these three award competitions, EPA has funded clean diesel projects from a variety of sectors
to achieve emissions reductions across the country. In total, more than 50,000 pieces of equipment and
vehicles have been retrofitted, replaced, repowered, or aided with idling reduction equipment so that
they contribute fewer emissions to our air.
DERA FUNDING HAS TARGETED AREAS OF GREATEST NEED
Per the priorities outlined in its authorizing legislation, the DERA program has placed emphasis on
maximizing health benefits and serving areas with poor air quality, such as areas of non-attainment for
PM and ozone in its funding competitions. Approximately 70% of competitive projects have taken place
in nonattainment areas for PM25 (per the 2006 standard) or 8-hour ozone (per the 2008 standard).3
Many projects in areas already in attainment of air quality standards targeted sensitive populations,
such as children, by funding replacements and retrofits for school buses. Finally, in the last two years,
the program has increased its work in ports. More than 70 projects in ports have been funded, address-
ing nearly 2,000 vehicles or equipment.
Fostered Clean Diesel Projects on Tribal Lands, Territories, and Islands
Tribal grants are another important component of the program's commitment to environmental justice.
EPA has awarded more than $2 million for eight tribal grants in Minnesota, California, Alaska, Arizona,
Washington, and Iowa. The tribal projects have retrofitted or replaced school buses, refuse haulers,
transport buses, utility vehicles, fishing vessels, and mining equipment.
In FY 2009, DERA began funding projects in the District of Columbia and added Puerto Rico in FY 2011.
DERA's most recent authorization, which took effect on October 1, 2011, allows Guam, the United States
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to receive
federal funds for clean diesel projects.
Informed Communities
NCDC works to keep Americans informed of the benefits of clean
diesel projects by increasing awareness. DERA-funded projects
appear on EPA's website so that the public can learn more about
clean diesel projects in their local areas. Project partners can install
a MyEnvironment "widget" on their own websites so their users
can learn more about projects in their communities. Addition-
ally, NCDC expanded on past work with school bus retrofits and
Scholastic by releasing a Spanish translation of The Magic School
Bus Gets Cleaned Up (El Autobus Mdgico Necesita una Limpieza).
3 The percentage of projects taking place in non-attainment areas was calculated using EPA's Office of Air and Radiation's most recent
National Ambient Air Quality Standards, which can be found at www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
FUNDING HAS SUPPORTED A WIDE VARIETY OF SECTORS AND
TECHNOLOGIES
Retrofitted Equipment Across All Diesel Engine Sectors
Since its inception the program has focused on a wide variety of fleets (see Figure A, "Equipment Ret-
rofitted by Fiscal Year and Sector"). Many projects have focused on school buses due to the importance
of cleaner transportation for children and communities. In addition, the program targeted long-haul
trucks, assisting fleets with fuel-saving technologies, and lowering emissions.
Figure A. Equipment Retrofitted by Fiscal Year and Sector
DERA08 (Actual)
DERA0910 (Estimated)
ARRA (Estimated)
EPA Has Matched Technologies and Engines to Achieve Emissions Reductions
EPA has employed a variety of technologies to reduce emissions. One strategy is to retrofit vehicles with
aftermarket technologies, such as diesel oxidation catalysts, closed crankcase ventilation, diesel particu-
late filters, or selective catalytic reduction. Other key strategies include installing idling reduction tech-
nologies such as auxiliary power units and direct fired heaters, tires and trailer skirts, and shore power
or truck-stop electrification, and using cleaner fuels. Replacing or repowering older engines or vehicles
is another important way to reduce emissions. The numerous technology options allow the DERA pro-
gram to award funds to recipients based on the most cost-effective application of the technology. See
Figure B, "Equipment by Fiscal Year and Technology," for the range of technologies used on engines.
From FY 2008 to the Recovery Act, applications requesting grants for
repower and replacement projects increased by 25 percent. DERA fund-
ing for replacement and repowers is especially helpful to small business
owners since it makes vehicle upgrades and emissions reductions more
affordable. Many of these replacements, especially in the marine, port,
and rail sectors, take place in environmental justice areas and make
across-the-board diesel emissions reductions—lowering NOX, PM, HC,
CO, and C02 pollution.
Innovative Technologies
The ET program has fostered the development of cutting-edge, next generation diesel emissions
reduction technologies by partnering technology manufacturers with fleets to test the effectiveness of
the products and, if appropriate, become verified, making them available for wider use. The program
has supported projects to demonstrate and improve 17 different technologies since 2008. In the past
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Figure B. Equipment by Fiscal Year and Technology
I2.UUU —1 ...
Aerodynamic
„ 10,000 -
~ 4,000 -
_C '
2,000 -
Devices/Tires/Fuel
.1,. -
Emissions Control
h
Idling Control
Strategies
Replacement/
Repower
• DERA08 (Actual)
• DERA0910 (Estimated)
• ARRA (Estimated)
Ji...
Jj.
Clean Diesel Technologies
two years, two technologies previously on the emerging technologies list stand out as contributing to
new technology options for fleets: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for non-road equipment
and an upgrade kit for marine engines.
LOOKING FORWARD
Funding for the DERA program has created environmental and public health benefits across the coun-
try. The most recent funds awarded in FY2011 ($50 million) and in FY2012 ($30 million) will continue
to be used to reduce diesel emissions and deliver local environmental benefits. In December of 2010,
Congress unanimously reauthorized the DERA program. On January 4, 2011, President BarackObama
signed DERA's reauthorization through 2016, allowing up to $100 million in annual appropriations.
Over the course of the past three years, EPA has worked to improve efficiency and coordinate with
project partners to manage unforeseen obstacles. EPA has managed product delivery delays, revised its
Requests for Proposals, and refined grant tracking processes and databases. Additionally, EPA's Office of
Inspector General has conducted assessments on the DERA program and offered recommendations to
improve management and oversight to ensure that projects achieve the planned emissions reductions.
The DERA program has shown that retrofits and engine replacements are effective in reducing emis-
sions and provided valuable lessons in how to administer clean diesel programs. Going forward, EPA
plans to sharpen its focus on any remaining areas of disproportionate exposure to emissions from diesel
engines, and ensure that clean diesel projects are as cost-effective as possible.
In FY 2013 the Agency will pilot a new approach that will target specific fleets in high diesel exposure
areas such as near ports and freight distribution hubs and other disproportionately affected com-
munities. The new strategy would allocate funds to a new rebate program established under DERA's
reauthorization, and to grants, in part, for finance mechanisms that help fleets reduce diesel emissions.
EPA believes the rebate, grant, and finance programs will allow greater precision in scrapping certain
model years of vehicles and equipment and assisting public and private fleet owners with retrofitting
or replacing those engines.
As the program matures, and subject to the availability of funds, EPA will build on past experience to
ensure that clean diesel projects are as cost-effective as possible while targeting high exposure areas
with the most effective technologies.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
-------
1.DERA Overview
Older diesel engines emit significant amounts of air pollutants, such as
nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM), which are linked
to a range of serious health problems including asthma, lung and
heart disease, and other respiratory ailments, all of which can lead to prema-
ture death. Operating throughout our transportation infrastructure today, 11
million existing diesel engines—the nation's "legacy fleet"—will be retired
over time, but some will remain in use for up to 20 or more years.
Figure 1. Diesel Engine Turnover by Year4
12 -\
c
,0
1
c
9 -
-------
Recognizing that many states, such as California, Texas, Washington, Illinois, Maine, and New York, have
developed successful clean diesel programs over the years, Congress authorized EPA's Diesel Emissions
Reduction Act (DERA) program to provide funds to states directly, as well as to establish a national com-
petitive grant program. Administered by EPA's National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC), the fiscal year
(FY) 2008 competitive awards funded 119 projects. Congress then appropriated $300 million for the
DERA program as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Recovery Act). These appro-
priations funded an additional 160 projects. In FY 2009/2010, NCDC streamlined its award process and
subsequently awarded 84 grants.
Taken together, EPA estimates that projects funded with FY 2008-2010 funds will reduce at least
203,900 tons of N0xand 12,500 tons of PM over the lifetime of the affected engines, leading to es-
timated health benefits of between $3.4 billion and $8.2 billion. A significant part of the monetized
value associated with these health benefits derives from EPA's estimates of the number of premature
deaths avoided as a result of reduced exposure to PM and NOX emissions.5 As part of the health benefits
calculation, EPA estimates that the PM and NOX emissions reductions will lead to 540 to 1,400 prevented
premature deaths. EPA also estimates that these clean diesel projects will reduce lifetime emissions of
carbon monoxide (CO) by 48,000 tons, hydrocarbon (HC) by 18,000 tons, and carbon dioxide (C02) by
2,300,000 tons over the lifetime of the affected engines, as well as save over 205 million gallons of fuel
as a result of projects that discourage idling and reliance on diesel engines to generate electricity.
Figure 2. Equipment Retrofitted, Replaced, or Repowered by DERA 2008
and 2009/2010 Grants
Refuse
Hauler,
572
ShortHaul
Trucks, 61
Ports and
Airports,
1,165
Long Haul
Trucks,
9,964
City/County
Vehicle, 587
Delivery
Truck, 83 2
Rail, 144
Stationary, 6
Agriculture, 39
Construction, 1,149
Emergency
Vehicle, 18
5 EPA's estimates for health benefits assume that each avoided premature death is worth the value of a statistical life (VSL). EPA recommends
use of the central estimate for VSL of $7.4 million ($2006), updated to the year of the analysis, be used in all benefits analyses that seek to
quantify mortality risk reduction benefits regardless of the age, income, or other population characteristics of the affected population.
8
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
GRANT FUNDING HAS DELIVERED MULTIPLE BENEFITS
Improved Air Quality and Generated Health Benefits
When grantees have retrofitted, rebuilt, or repowered engines or vehicles; switched to cleaner fuels;
installed idle reduction technologies; or pursued another clean diesel strategy, the resulting air quality
benefits have been immediate. For every dollar EPA has invested in clean diesel, the public has received
$7 to $18 in health benefits, depending on the particular type of vehicle and technology combination.
Additionally, grants have attracted matching funds from other government agencies, private orga-
nizations, industry, and nonprofit organizations, which have invested as much as $3 for every dollar
provided by the grant.
For example, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources was able to expand
its $1.7 million award into a total investment of $9.3 million. This project repowered 14 marine vessels,
installed 160 auxiliary power units, purchased 55 model year 2010 heavy duty trucks, retrofitted 186
school buses with diesel oxidation catalysts and closed crankcase ventilation systems, and funded 10
other equipment replacements and retrofits.
Assisted State and Local Governments
Funding has assisted state and local governments, which need to demonstrate compliance with federal
air quality regulations such as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM and ozone. These
agencies have used funding to reduce diesel emissions, while retaining the independence to choose
which eligible vehicles and verified technologies best meet their communities' needs. The language in
Diesel Exhaust Health Effects
Direct emissions from diesel engines, especially PM25, NOX, and sulfur oxides (SOX), contribute
to health problems. In addition, NOX contributes to the formation of ozone and PM through
chemical reactions.
PM25 has been associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, increased hospital
admissions for heart and lung disease, and increased respiratory symptoms. Long-term expo-
sure to components of diesel exhaust, including diesel PM and diesel exhaust organic gases,
are likely to pose a lung cancer hazard. Exposure to ozone can aggravate asthma and other
respiratory symptoms, leading to more asthma attacks, the use of additional medication, more
severe symptoms that require a doctor's attention, more lost school and work days, more visits
to the emergency room, increased hospitalizations, and even premature mortality. People in
many areas of the United States experience short-term (one to three hours) and prolonged
ozone exposures (six to eight hours), which have been linked to diminished lung function,
greater respiratory symptoms, and increased hospital visits. Repeated exposure to ozone
can increase susceptibility to respiratory infection and lung inflammation and can aggra-
vate preexisting asthma. At sufficient concentrations, ozone can even cause permanent
damage to the lungs, including the development of chronic respiratory illnesses.
Children, outdoor workers, those who exercise outdoors, people with heart and
lung disease, and the elderly are most at risk.
The technologies used in DERA grants can reduce PM emissions by up to
95 percent, HC and NOX by up to 90 percent, and greenhouse gases by up
to 20 percent. Each of these reductions makes an immediate and positive
impact on public health.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
the reauthorization of DERA also allows DERA funds to be used for local and state mandates. In addi-
tion, funds may be used for measures included under State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
Approximately 70% of competitive projects have taken place in nonattainment areas for PM25 (per the
2006 standard) or 8-hour ozone (per the 2008 standard).6 In addition, most projects initiated in areas
of attainment address localized areas of pollution such as near ports, railyards, or bus depots to benefit
those disproportionately affected by diesel exhaust.
Fostered Clean Diesel Projects on Tribal Lands, Territories, and Islands
Tribal grants are another important component of the program's commitment to environmental justice.
EPA has awarded more than $2 million for eight tribal grants in Minnesota, California, Alaska, Arizona,
Washington, and Iowa. The tribal projects have retrofitted or replaced school buses, refuse haulers,
transport buses, utility vehicles, fishing vessels, and mining equipment.
DERA began funding projects in the District of Columbia in FY2009, adding Puerto Rico in FY2011.
DERA's most recent authorization that took effect on October 1,2011, allows Guam, the United States
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to receive
federal funds for clean diesel projects.
Figure 3. Applications and Funding Requested vs. Awarded for the DERA
National Competition
I
<
c
as
c
o
"5.
a.
-------
Tribal Communities Use EPA Grants
to Support Clean Diesel Projects
DERA in Action
EPA awarded eight tribal grants totaling more than $2 million in FY 2009/2010 and FY 2011. In
the months prior to the FY 2009/2010 Request for Proposals, EPA encouraged tribal participa-
tion by attending conferences and reaching out to eligible entities. Tribal or tribal coalitions
with jurisdiction over transportation or air quality could apply on their own or partner with
nonprofit organizations that work with diesel fleet operators to reduce pollution. These proj-
ects retrofitted or repowered school buses, utility vehicles, mining equipment, refuse haulers,
fishing vessels, and a generator in eight tribal communities in Minnesota, California, Arizona,
Washington, Iowa, and Alaska.
Soboba Band of Luiseho Indians
Retrofit School Buses
$78,000 DERA 2009/2010 grant
$18,300 in matching funds
The Soboba Band of Luisefio Indians, located
in Riverside, California, received a $78,000 FY
2009/2010 grant to retrofit six school buses. The
diesel particulate filters they installed will reduce
CO and PM emissions by 90 percent annually.
Buses in this fleet travel nearly 700 miles per day and serve children at 16 reservations in
southern California. The buses travel through Riverside, San Diego, and San Bernardino
counties. All three are heavily populated, and Riverside and San Bernardino are among the
areas of the country with the highest air pollution levels. In addition, the Soboba Tribe hopes
to maximize the impact of this project by educating other tribes on the importance of using
this technology and partnering with them in similar efforts.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
11
-------
DERA PROGRAM STRUCTURE REFLECTS NATIONAL AND
STATE INTERESTS
The DERA program has two parts: a state allocation component, titled the State Clean Diesel Grant
Program, and a national program. The state program has received 30 percent of the total funding. The
national program has received the remaining 70 percent and consists of three separate competitive
programs:
3 The National Clean Diesel Funding Assistance Program
3 The National Clean Diesel Emerging Technologies Program
3 The SmartWay Clean Diesel Finance Program
Components of the National Clean Diesel Campaign
National Clean Diesel
Funding Assistance Program
Clean Diesel Emerging
Technologies Program
Awarded approximately $250 million in
grants, including funds to tribal nations
Seven regional collaboratives administer Pro
the grant competition
Dedicated to deploying verified and
certified technologies s—
National Clean
Diesel Program
Awarded approximately
$30 million in grants
Provides opportunities to advance
cutting-edge technologies
SmartWay Finance
Clean Diesel Program
Awarded approximately $50 million in grants
Establishes innovative finance models
to provide funding to fleets
State Grant Program
Awarded approximately $ 130 million in
grants to all 50 states, the District of
Columbia, and island territorities
Direct funding assistance to states for diesel
emissions reduction sub-grants and loans
Regional Clean Diesel Collaboratives Have Fostered Local Approaches
Reducing diesel emissions is a shared responsibility, and EPA encourages collaboration among key
stakeholders from state and local government agencies (including EPA Regional Offices), environmental
and community organizations, fleet owners/operators, private industry, and others to pool talent and
resources to achieve better air quality through clean diesel initiatives. These seven regional Clean Diesel
Collaboratives are diverse, multi-stakeholder groups that leverage funds, provide technical assistance,
nurture partnerships, and pursue local approaches to mitigating diesel emissions.
By linking regional stakeholders and coordinating efforts, the Collaboratives are able to achieve signifi-
cant emissions reductions across large geographic areas (see Figure 4, "Regional Clean Diesel Collabora-
tives"). For more information about the Collaboratives, please see Appendix F.
12
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Funding for States and U.S. Territories
re
The State Clean Diesel Grant Program is a formula allocation program in which all 50 states are
eligible. The District of Columbia became eligible beginning in FY 2009 and Puerto Rico in FY
2011. The DERA Reauthorization signed in January 2011, authorizes Guam, the United States
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to
receive funding. Thirty percent of appropriated DERA funds must be allocated to the states to
implement grant and loan programs for clean diesel projects. From 2008 to 2010, the states
received $133.6 million through this program.
Figure 4. Regional Clean Diesel Collaboratives
OR
Rocky Mountain
West Coast
PR ME
Northeast
Midwest PA H—'
IL IN OHMid-A1
wv
VA
VTNH
NY MA
DE
DERA TOOLS AND RESOURCES
EPA has taken steps to expand the adoption of clean diesel technologies. To this end, EPA has provided
informative and useful tools to the general public and diesel equipment operators and will continue
to engage directly with transport companies across the country in a voluntary initiative to reduce their
use of diesel fuel. EPA has also helped manufacturers introduce new clean diesel technologies to the
marketplace.
Emerging Technologies Program
Since its formation, the Emerging Technologies (ET) program has played an important role in encourag-
ing the development of cutting-edge pollution reduction solutions and bringing the next generation
of emissions-reducing technologies to market. This program has expedited technologies under devel-
opment through the verification or certification process so that they can be quickly and widely adopted
by fleets in marine, locomotive, nonroad, and highway applications around the country.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
13
-------
The ET program has served as an initial step for technologies to obtain full verification. To date, more
than 10 different emerging technology participants have benefited from partnering with fleets to
demonstrate and improve 17 different technologies.
To read more about the ET program and other clean diesel technologies, please visit www.epa.gov/
cleandiesel/verification/verif-list.htm orwww.epa.gov/cleandiesel/verification/emerg-list.htm.
SmartWay Finance Program
The SmartWay Finance Clean Diesel Program is an NCDC grant competition that has awarded DERA
funds for innovative finance programs to provide financial incentives, such as low-cost loans and loan
guarantees, to fleet owners for the purchase of fuel-saving and emission control technologies and
vehicle replacements. Since 2008, grants totaling almost $50 million have been awarded to organiza-
tions to establish financing programs that assist small and medium-sized fleet owners in purchasing
cleaner, more fuel-efficient trucks and equipment.
Additionally, the SmartWay technology program is closely
integrated with DERA's verification efforts. Technical staff
has evaluated the efficiency and emissions performance
of technical and operational strategies with a focus on idle
reduction, truck and trailer aerodynamic components, low-
rolling-resistance tires, and retrofit technologies. Vehicles
including tractor-trailers that meet performance criteria
have earned SmartWay designation.
For more information about SmartWay, visit www.epa.gov/smartway.
>>SmartWay
Transport Partnership
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
14
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Public Outreach
EPA offers the public technical tools to learn about and explore environmental issues and solutions,
including clean diesel activities, in their area. One such tool is a new interactive application called
MyEnvironment, which displays outcomes of clean diesel projects as well as information about organiza-
tions, technologies, and health benefits associated with the projects. For more information, visit www.
epa.gov/myenvironment.
Additionally, NCDC expanded on past work with school bus fleets and Scholastic, Inc., by releasing a
Spanish translation of The Magic School Bus Gets Cleaned Up (El Autobus Mdgico Necesita una Limpieza.)
The book's launch was held in Biloxi, Mississippi, in March 2012. More than 1,000 children from across
the state were in attendance to participate in interactive activities to learn about environmental issues
including air pollution and celebrate the book's release.
Mississippi Cleans Its Entire Fleet of School Buses
The state of Mississippi has cleaned its entire fleet of eligible school buses, and now 100
percent of these buses meet the newest emission standards or are equipped with emission
control devices. Bolstered by DERA funding, Mississippi has raised additional money to replace
52 buses and to equip 2,000 more with emissions-reducing technologies. Nearly 500,000
children in Mississippi benefit each day from riding clean school buses. In addition, Mississippi
counties along the Gulf of Mexico have implemented an idle education program, for which
several schools conduct studies to evaluate the amount of idling that occurs around school
grounds in an effort to further reduce children's exposure to diesel exhaust.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
15
-------
-------
2. Highlights of the DERA 2008 and
2009/2010 Grants
In every state, some Americans now breathe cleaner air thanks to fund-
ing awarded through the Diesel Emissions Reduction Program. DERA
grants have had an immediate and positive impact on public health and
air quality. The initial funding in 2008 established a firm foundation for the
program and FY 2009/2010 grants fine-tuned the award process to increase overall cost-effectiveness.
2008: DERA's DEBUT
In FY 2008, the DERA program made its debut. In its first grant cycle, EPA received four times as many
applications as it could fund, ensuring that the first round of projects would be strong candidates
for success.
With a total of nearly $50 million awarded to establish 119 projects, grantees upgraded more than
14,000 vehicles or pieces of equipment. These projects reduced 22,700 tons of NOX, 2,700 tons of PM,
4,200 tons of HC, 15,900 tons of CO, and 289,900 tons of C02. The 2008 grants provided approximately
$644 million to $1.6 billion in health benefits and saved nearly 26 million gallons of fuel.
For a complete list of grants, including sector, technology, and total funding, please see Appendix A.
Figure 5. DERA 2008 Grants: Retrofitted or Replaced Diesel Engines
Rail, 64
Ports, 540
Nonroad, 936
Transit Buses, 306
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
17
-------
Figure 6. Technologies Used in the FY 2008 DERA Grants
Ilean Diesel Technologies
Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)
Other
Engine Shutdown
Direct Fired Heater (DFH)
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
Vehicle/Engine Replacement
Re power
Hybrid Replacement
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Partial Flow Filter (PFF)
Other
Diesel Paniculate Filter (DPF)
Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV)
Fuel-Efficient Tires
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Biodiesel
44
27
_ 213 Idling Control
Strategies
^B 470
^^^^^^H 1,550
• 291 .
Engine
158 Replacement/
132 Repower
45
1 87 Emissions Control
29 Devices
^^^^^^^^^^^^m 2,636
7
23 Aero/Tire/
Fuel
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Number of Technologies
Montgomery County Children
Ride Clean Buses to School
$700,000 DERA FY2008 grant
The Montgomery County (Maryland)
public schools received almost $700,000
in 2008 to reduce emissions from their
school bus fleet. Montgomery County
used those funds to equip 86 buses with
diesel particulate filters. These filters
reduce PM emissions by over 85 percent,
which is especially important for children
in Montgomery County with asthma who
ride the buses every day. By reducing
pollution from its school buses, Mont-
gomery County has healthier students
and cleaner air for all its residents.
DERA in Action
18
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Miami Replaces Refuse Haulers With Cleaner,
More Fuel-Efficient Model
DERA in Action
$700,000 DERA grant
$2.1 million in matching funds
The city of Miami, Florida, received approximately $700,000 in DERA funding in 2009 to replace
10 refuse haulers with cleaner, more fuel-efficient models, including four early model hydraulic
hybrids. These hybrids use regenerative braking to save fuel by as much as 30 percent. The
fuel savings reduce C02 emissions by approximately 30 tons per vehicle per year. Other ben-
efits include less brake wear, lower engine noise, and overall lower operating cost.
Hydraulic hybrid refuse haulers can operate at low speeds (zero to about 30 miles per hour)
on the hydraulic system without using any diesel fuel. The hydraulic system is recharged by
braking and, given the typical route of a refuse hauler, there are usually many start-and-stops
throughout the work day.
These fuel-efficient hydraulic hybrid refuse haulers now operate throughout Miami.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
19
-------
Government Partnership in Missouri Cuts
Pollution and Reduces Fuel Consumption
$725,000 DERA FY2008 grant
$1.2 million in matching funds
The Missouri Department of Transportation teamed
up with the Missouri Department of Natural Resourc-
es to upgrade 132 municipal vehicles. They received a
$725,000 DERA grant in 2008 and raised more than a
million dollars in matching funds to accomplish their
goal and reduce diesel exhaust. Throughout this proj-
ect, two state agencies successfully worked together
to promote idle reduction and other emissions-
reducing technologies throughout the state. Through
implementation of this project, over 1,000 tons of
diesel emissions will be reduced from the project
vehicles over their lifetimes.
DERA in Action
A Recovery Act grant to Minnesota's Project Green Fleet funded APUs for two Twin Cities & Western Railroad Company trains to reduce
pollution from idling.
20
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
2009/2010: CREATING EFFICIENCIES
In both FY 2009 and FY 2010, the DERA program received an appropriation of $60 million, which EPA
combined to create a single funding competition of $120 million to establish clean diesel projects.
Combining the two award years streamlined the Request for Proposals process and gave applicants the
opportunity to propose larger, more impactful projects.
For FY 2009/2010, EPA received over 350 applications and the funding requested outweighed available
dollars by five to one. In late 2010, EPA awarded 84 grants totaling $120 million.
These grants will provide estimated lifetime emissions reductions of 50,600 tons of NOX, 2,600 tons of
PM, 3,600 tons of HC, 9,300 tons of CO, and 706,000 tons of C02 with fuel savings of nearly 63 million
gallons. These grants provide lifetime health benefits of $728 million to $1.8 billion.
For a complete list of grants, including sector, technology, and total funding, please see Appendix A.
...
Figure 7. DERA 2009/2010 Grants: Retrofitted or Replaced Diesel Engines
Ports, 531
Rail, 82
Nonroad, 432
•
Short Haul
Trucks, 536
Transit Buses, 92
More applicants requested grants for repower and replacement projects in FY 2009/2010 than in
FY 2008. DERA funding for replacement and repowers is especially helpful to small business owners
because it makes vehicle upgrades and emissions reductions affordable. Many of these replacements,
especially in the marine, port, and rail sectors, take place in environmental justice areas and create emis-
sions reductions for multiple pollutants—lowering NO PM, HC, CO, and CO
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
21
-------
Figure 8. Technologies Used in the FY 2009/201 0 DERA Grants
Clean Diesel Technologies
Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)
Other
Direct Fired Heater (DFH)
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
Vehicle/Engine Replacement
Re power
Hybrid Replacement
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Partial Flow Filter (PFF)
Other
Diesel Paniculate Filter (DPF)
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV)
Trailer Tails
Trailer Side Skirts
Fuel-Efficient Tires
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Biodiesel
^^^^^H 507
• 126 Idling Control
^^H 279 Replacement/
2 Repower
11
30 Emissions Control
11 Devices
I^^^^^^^M 667
• 100
35
Aero /Tire/
44 r ,
Fuel
• 133
1 1 1 1 1 1
50 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Number of Technologies
California Repowers Switcher
Locomotives to Clean Rail Yards
$3,949,500 DERA 2009/2010 grant
$1,050,500 in matching funds
The California Air Resources Board received
$3,949,496 in FY 2009/2010 to repower four aging
locomotives that operate in the South Coast, the San
Joaquin Valley, and the San Francisco Air Basins with
modern Tier 3 engines.
These locomotives, also known as generator set
switch locomotives, can have an operational lifetime
of more than 30 years. Switch locomotives typically
operate in and around rail yards to put trains together
and move railcars between rail yards.
Each repowered locomotive can reduce NOX emis-
sions by about 235 tons and PM emissions by 11 tons.
DERA in Action
22
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
NESCAUM's Tower Gantry Crane Repower
Project in the New York Metropolitan Area
$1,420,000 DERA 2009/2010 grant
$408,000 in matching funds
Gantry cranes are used in every high-
rise construction project and are the
most visible pieces of equipment on
any construction site. Their engines (and
other heavy-duty diesel engines) emit
a significant amount of diesel emissions
into the air, contributing approximately 9
percent and 11 percent of the New York
Metropolitan Area's total NOX and PM
emissions, respectively.7
The Northeast States for Coordinated Air
Use Management (NESCAUM), partnered
with Cornell & Company, Inc., is repower-
ing 17 tower gantry cranes equipped
with unregulated engines with newer,
cleaner EPA-certified engines.
DERA in Action
Two Cornell Tower Gantry Cranes operating in Lower Manhattan
at the site of Three World Trade Center.
The gantry cranes targeted by this project are most frequently operated in urban centers to
help build commercial and residential skyscrapers. Emissions from major urban construction
projects can make poor air quality even worse for local, highly dense populations.
This project will significantly reduce emissions of NOX and diesel PM within New York and New
Jersey, with a secondary benefit to Pennsylvania and other areas outside the New York metro
area. Cornell & Company, Inc., Equipment Manager Donald Garrahan stated, "We have served
the Northeast USA for many years and are enthusiastic about the prospect of improving air
quality and living conditions in our home marketplace."
7 Calculated by NESCAUM using the 2005 National Inventory Emissions Database.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
23
-------
-------
3. American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act: A Boost for DERA
EPA received $300 million through the American Recovery and Rein-
vestment Act (Recovery Act) for "shovel-ready" clean diesel projects
in 2009. These funds expanded the program's ability to establish
large-scale projects that could deliver more reductions, such as repowering
generators on ships and locomotives. As of September 30, 2011, the clean diesel Recovery Act projects
sustained and created more than 3,000 jobs.8 Many DERA-related jobs advance green employment op-
portunities through the development, manufacture, and installation of clean diesel technologies.
More than 600 applicants seeking $1.7 billion responded to the program's Request for Proposals for
Recovery Act funding—nearly seven applications for every one awarded, requesting $10 for every dol-
lar available. These applicants proposed $2.2 billion in matching funds. In mid-2009, EPA awarded 160
projects across the country.
For a complete list of Recovery Act grants, please see Appendix A.
In total, the Recovery Act projects save more than 116 million gallons of fuel. They also reduce ap-
proximately 130,600 lifetime tons of NOX, 7,200 tons of PM, 10,200 tons of HC, 22,800 tons of CO, and
1,309,100 tons of C02, creating health benefits of $2 billion to $4.9 billion.
Once EPA received the funds, it acted quickly to competitively award the funding and establish 160
new projects nationwide. On March 27,2009, EPA awarded its first Recovery Act grant under the DERA
program to the state of Colorado. Colorado received $1.73 million to retrofit nearly 1,000 school buses,
creating service-related jobs and reducing Colorado's children's exposure to diesel exhaust.
NESCAUM received a $1.65 million Recovery Act grant and used part of it to repower this New Hampshire sightseeing boat's engine.
8 This jobs estimate was created based on self-reported information from Recovery Act grant recipients according to the Office of
Management and Budget's guidance on job reporting.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
25
-------
Figure 9. Vehicles Retrofitted With Recovery Act Grants
Rail, 131
Ports, 783
Nonroad, 2,250
Transit Buses, 572
DERA in Action
Portland, Oregon, Cleans Up
Construction Equipment
$400,000 DERA 2008 grant
$15 million DERA Recovery Act grant
$54,000 in matching funds
EPA awarded two grants totaling about $2 million
to reduce diesel pollution in the Portland area: a
grant in FY 2008 for approximately $400,000 to the
Portland-Multnomah Clean Diesel Partnership and
a Recovery Act grant in 2009 for more than $1.5
million to the City of Portland Clean Diesel Partner-
ship. The City of Portland, the Oregon Department
of Environmental Quality, and Multnomah County
provided matching funds for the projects. These
grants supported clean diesel technology devices
on public fleets and construction equipment oper-
ating in environmental justice neighborhoods.
The Partnership Project has also implemented an idle reduction policy and a pilot program to
hire contractors who use clean diesel equipment. Today, the City of Portland Clean Diesel Part-
nership Project is well on its way to achieving regional goals to reduce emissions from public
fleets and construction equipment.
26
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Figure 1 0. Technologies Used in the Recovery Act Grants
ean Diesel Technologies
u
Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)
Other
Engine Shutdown
Direct Fired Heater (DFH)
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
Vehicle/Engine Replacement
Re power
Hybrid Replacement
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Partial Flow Filter (PFF)
Other
Lean NOX Catalyst
Diesel Paniculate Filter (DPF)
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV)
Trailer Tails
Trailer Side Skirts
Fuel-Efficient Tires
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Biodiesel
• 484
111
Idling Control
Strategies
1,544
• 3,810
^^^™ 2'520 Engine
^^m 1,033 Replacement/
208 Repower
• 297
100
• 333
Emissions Control
Devices
293 Aero/Tire/
Fuel
• 198
I 149
1 1 1 1 1 1
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000
Number of Technologies
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
27
-------
Chesapeake Bay Repowers Old Engines
$1,300,000 DERA Recovery Act grant
$747,000 in matching funds
DERA in Action
The Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF) is a nonprofit
organization dedicated to improving and maintaining the
environmental quality of the Chesapeake Bay and its rivers
and streams. Nitrogen is the number one pollutant of the
Bay's watershed, and much of the air pollution comes from
NOY emissions.
X
One of CBF's strategies to reduce nitrogen pollution is to
focus on cleaning up operations of the marine community.
Large commercial tug boats, local fishing vessels, and other recreational and commercial boats
regularly traverse the Bay, and repowering older diesel engines with newer, cleaner ones can
reduce NOX, reducing the amount of nitrogen that could be absorbed from the air by the
waterbody. To assist with this effort, EPA awarded CBF a Recovery Act grant of $1.3 million. CBF
provided an additional $547,294 and leveraged $200,000 more to purchase and install new
engines in six CBF education vessels, four working boats, and one tug boat.
This project has benefited a wide range of boat users. For example, CBF uses the six re-
powered education vessels as floating classrooms where instructors teach students (grades
6-12), teachers, principals, and other school administrators about the Bay's unique ecology.
The repowered engines on the education vessels provide a learning opportunity to demon-
strate the connection between air pollu-
tion and water pollution for students
and teachers. CBF has also partnered
with Tangier Sound commercial water-
men and ferry and charter boat captains
to repower their workboats with cleaner
engines that reduce diesel emissions.
Workboats are used for commercial and
recreational fishing and as passenger
ferries for excursions and fishing char-
ters. The repowered engines in these "LONI CAROL tt~ L /'
workboats help reduce fuel usage and
air emissions.
LON1 CAROL
TANGIER, VA
28
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Minnesota's Project Green Fleet
Helps Clear the Air
$3,000,000 DERA Recovery Act grant
$647,800 in matching funds
Project Green Fleet works to help Minnesota avoid a non-
attainment designation for its air quality. Part of this project
involves installing diesel oxidation catalysts, diesel particulate
filters, auxiliary power units, and other idle reduction technolo-
gies on everything from school buses and municipal vehicles to
construction equipment and trains.
DERA in Action
Photo courtesy of the Blue Cross
and Blue Shield of Minnesota
Foundation.
In July 2009, EPA awarded a Recovery Act grant for $3 million
to support Project Green Fleet to retrofit nearly 600 pieces of
on-road and off-road equipment in Minnesota. These upgrades
included the installation of 390 pieces of exhaust control equipment, 200 pieces of idle reduc-
tion equipment, 25 engine repowers, and two vehicle replacements. In addition, the project
implemented a statewide outreach and communications strategy to increase public aware-
ness about the negative environmental and health consequences of diesel pollution.
Project Green Fleet has reduced NOX emissions by more than 180 tons and PM by 13 tons
annually. Today, thanks to this innovative program, Minnesotans are breathing easier and
enjoying a healthier environment, and they are more aware of efforts to reduce diesel engine
pollution.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
29
-------
-------
CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED
EPA has been successful in providing immediate health benefits by
reducing diesel emissions in a cost-effective manner. With more than
three years of experience awarding grants in this sector, EPA has en-
countered and learned from some challenges.
Effective Management and Tracking of Grants Helps Projects Meet Goals
For each award competition, EPA has employed rigorous selection criteria. The Requests for Proposals
that EPA has issued require very detailed information from applicants about their project plans, bud-
gets, and estimated emissions reductions. Once grants are awarded, the recipient must submit quarter-
ly progress reports, and Recovery Act grant recipients submit online reports for job tracking purposes.
Additionally, EPA has used audits to monitor grant progress. About a quarter of grants received onsite
audits in 2010.
EPA also tracks projects in the Database for Reporting Innovative Emissions Reductions (DRIVER), which
provides real-time funding information. In this manner, grant coordinators are able to easily track the
more than 500 DERA-funded projects, plus another 1,000 clean diesel projects nationwide.
EPA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted one audit on the DERA program in March 2010 and
two in March 2011 ? The OIG found program strengths in the award process and staff knowledge about
the grants, but suggested areas for improvement, including a need for additional technical guidance
for grant managers and recipients. The DERA staff implemented these recommendations to manage
grants more effectively, such as enhanced training for EPA grant project officers and grantees. EPA also
provided additional training and information on clean diesel technologies.
9 The March 2010 report can be found at www.epa.gov/oig/reports/2010/20100323-10-R-0082.pdf The two March 2011 reports can be
found at www.recovery.gov/Accountability/inspectors/Documents/20110301-11-R-0141_ARRA.pdf and www.recovery.gov/Accountability/
inspectors/Documents/20110328-11 -R-0179_ARRA.pdf.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
31
-------
Product Delivery Delays May Prevent Grantees From Reaching Their
Project Deadlines
At times, grantees have encountered delays in product delivery, which has in turn delayed project im-
plementation. For example, grant recipients placed a large number of Recovery Act orders to product
vendors in a short time frame, which created a bottleneck in the processing and delivery of technology
and equipment. Furthermore, some materials are used in multiple verified and emerging technologies,
so unforeseen manufacturing delays affected a variety of clean diesel projects.
The grantees' progress is tied to the volume of technology orders and vendor capacity. To help grant-
ees overcome this obstacle, in situations where delays are unavoidable and out of the grant recipient's
control, EPA offered a no-cost extension so grantees could complete the project. In addition, to prevent
product back orders and delays, EPA maintains regular communication with national vendors regarding
their supply and notifies the Regional Collaboratives when such problems do occur for grant planning
purposes.
Macroeconomic Trends Impact Project Partners
Sometimes macroeconomic trends have an unforeseen impact on project planning and progress.
Over the past few years, EPA witnessed how the economic downturn prevented some grant recipients'
project partners from finding fleets and generating matching funds. This caused delays in the projects
while grantees sought new partners.
To hedge against the impacts of larger economic downturns, EPA now encourages grant applicants
and recipients to identify multiple potential project partners in case one is unable to participate.
The San Diego County Air Pollution Control District received a $1.6 million Recovery Act grant to replace or retrofit over 125 buses.
32 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
i
GAS
x0m
mias
CLEAN DIESEL OPPORTUNITIES
The DERA program has been successful in reducing pollution from the legacy fleet of diesel engines,
and recent funding competitions continue to generate applications. For FY 2011, EPA received 179 ap-
plications requesting $312 million, or $6 for every one EPA had available. EPA awarded 48 competitive
grants, in addition to the state awards. For FY 2012 EPA received 93 applications requesting $131 million,
or approximately $5 for every one EPA had available. These projects will continue to chip away at diesel
emissions from the legacy fleet.
Fiscal Year 2012 and Beyond
Almost four years of DERA implementation have
provided EPA with information on more than 500
grants across the country. Analysis of the results of
these grants has allowed EPA to more finely hone
criteria for evaluating and assessing clean diesel
project applications. Factors such as useful life of
the engines, model year, vehicle-miles-traveled,
cost, type and quantity of reductions of pollution,
technology specifications, and location all play a
role in the effectiveness of any given project. More
specific evaluation criteria ensure that projects are
the most effective and conducted in the areas of
greatest need.
EPA awarded $30 million in FY 2012 for new clean
diesel projects. Under the national grant com-
petition, EPA refined its Request for Proposals to
encourage the most cost-effective and impactful
projects. EPA assigned points to project propos-
als taking place in locations that have been designated nonattainment areas or in places that receive
a disproportionate amount of diesel emissions, such as ports and railyards. EPA also assigned points to
encourage participants to submit proposals that included certain model year vehicles paired with veri-
fied technology to maximize emission reductions over the lifetimes of the vehicles.
In January 2011, DERA was reauthorized through 2016, allowing up to $100 million in appropriations for
each fiscal year. DERA's reauthorization also allows for a rebate program, thus diversifying the types of
financial tools that EPA has to reduce emissions from diesel vehicles. Rebates could streamline the fund-
ing process, providing immediate financial incentives directly to fleets that retrofit and replace older
diesel engines. In fall 2012, EPA plans to pilot this concept by offering $2 million in rebates to school bus
fleet owners. EPA will collect applications and randomly select recipients from the pool of eligible ap-
plicants and vehicles. Limiting eligibility to specific model years, requiring the scrappage of old vehicles,
and other requirements will apply. Any future rebate program could focus on other diesel emission
reduction strategies, fleets, or locations.
The DERA program has shown that retrofits and engine replacements are effective in reducing emis-
sions and provided valuable lessons in how to administer clean diesel programs. Going forward, EPA
plans to sharpen its focus on any remaining areas of disproportionate exposure to emissions from diesel
engines, and ensure that clean diesel projects are as cost-effective as possible. EPA recognizes the
limited availability of federal funding and has proposed to transition the program to greater reliance on
state and local efforts to address diesel emissions from legacy fleets.
Virginia Clean Cities received a $1 million Recovery Act grant
from the DERA program. This money funded four projects
throughout Virginia that retrofitted school buses, transit buses,
and refuse haulers.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
33
-------
In FY 2013 the Agency will pilot a new approach that will target specific fleets in high diesel exposure
areas such as near ports and freight distribution hubs and other disproportionately affected com-
munities. The new strategy would allocate funds to a new rebate program established under DERA's
reauthorization, and to grants, in part, for finance mechanisms that help fleets reduce diesel emissions.
EPA believes the rebate, grant, and finance programs may allow greater precision in scrapping certain
model years of vehicles and equipment and assisting public and private fleet owners with retrofitting
or replacing those engines.
As the program looks ahead to the challenges of cleaner movement of goods through the nation's
supply chain, reducing black carbon pollution, and assisting environmentally challenged communities,
DERA will continue to follow its guiding principles for all future implementation:
3 Target areas and populations that are disproportionately affected by diesel emissions.
3 Continue to reduce pollution from diesel engines by partnering with key stakeholders.
3 Provide assistance to state and local governments in the development of their own clean diesel
programs.
3 Continue working with states to provide numerous and effective clean diesel technology options
to project partners.
3 Continue confirming emission performance of verified technologies in the field.
3 Maximize health benefits from clean diesel projects.
34
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
-------
36 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
ational Clean
FY 2008 Grants
State Grant Recipient . ra" Match Project Target Fleet(s) Technology Type(s)
CA
CA
CA
CA
CO
CO
CO
CT
CT, MA, ME,
NH,RI
CT, MA, ME,
NH,RI
DC
FL
GA
ID
IE
IN
IN
IN
KS
KY
MA
MA
MD
MD
Ml
CALSTART.Inc.
Kern County Superintendents of Schools
Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District
South Coast Air Quality Management District
City and County of Denver
Colorado Department of Public Health
Regional Air Quality Council
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
Environmental Defense Fund
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
City of St. Petersburg
Georgia Ports Authority
Idaho Departmentof Environmental Quality
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Elkton Pigeon Bay/Laker School District
Indiana Departmentof Environmental Management
Northwest Indiana Forum Foundation, Inc.
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Kentucky Clean Fuels Coalition
Massachusetts Port Authority
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
Maryland Environmental Services
Montgomery County Public Schools
Lenawee Intermediate School District
$678,459
$540,000
$553,360
$1,000,000
$178,183
$399,999
$455,645
$49,867
$400,000
$319,301
$486,866
$396,709
$250,000
$481,303
$678,604
$251,100
$334,500
$164,032
$1,525,524
$383,442
$382,397
$535,250
$178,481
$699,501
$145,337
$87,059
$2,025,000
$100,000
$5,745
$33,075
$2,160,000
$106,695
$7,350
Construction, Delivery Truck, Transit Buses
School Bus
Long Haul Trucks, School Bus, Short Haul
Long Haul Trucks
Refuse Hauler, Utility Vehicle
Construction, School Bus
Long Haul Trucks, Utility Vehicle
Construction, Delivery Truck, Short Haul
City/County Vehicle, Utility Vehicle
Construction
Construction
Construction, Delivery Truck, Short Haul
Marine, Ports and Airports
School Bus
Delivery Truck, Long Haul Trucks, Refuse
Hauler, School Bus, Short Haul, Transit Buses
School Bus
Long Haul Trucks, Rail, Transit Buses
Construction
Delivery Truck, Refuse Hauler, Transit Buses
Ports and Airports
Marine, Ports and Airports
Rail
Construction
School Bus
School Bus
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Replacement/Repower, Retrofits
Clean/Alt Fuels
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Clean/Alt Fuels, Idle Reduction,
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Replacement/Repower
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
• For FY 2008 grants, the amount listed is the final award amount. For FY 2009 ARRA and FY 2009-2010 grants, the amount listed is
the initial award amount.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
37
-------
FY 2008 Grants
Grant Recipient
EPA Grant
Amount
Project Target Fleet(s)
Technology Type(s)
Retrofits
NextEnergy Center
$152,319
Minnesota Environmental Initiative
Retrofits
Grace Hill Settlement House
$454,050
School Bus
Retrofits
Agriculture, Construction, Long Haul Trucks,
Ports and Airports
Retrofits
Retrofits
Manchester Transit Authority
New Jersey Motor Truck Association
$491,868
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Transit Buses
Retrofits
Erie County Department of Environmental Planning
$521,667
School Bus
Retrofits
Middle Country Central School District
School Bus
Ulster Board of Cooperative Educational Services
$95,450
School Bus
Retrofits
Long Haul Trucks
Retrofits
Retrofits
Clean fuels Ohio
$412,554
Retrofits
Ohio Environmental Council
Ports and Airports, Refuse Hauler,
Vehicle
Retrofits
Stark County Educational Service Center
$465,364
School Bus
Retrofits
OR
Replacement/Repower
PA
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
$219,434
$729,824
Retrofits
SD
School Bus
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
$40,251
Agriculture, Construction, Delivery Truck
Retrofits
TX
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
TX
Long Haul Trucks, Utility Vehicle
TX
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
School Bus
Retrofits
UT
Utah Dept of Air Quality
$399,955
School Bus
Retrofits
VA
Virginia Port Authority
VT
$616,569
Refuse Hauler
Retrofits
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency
Retrofits
Retrofits
38
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
The following grants were closed before work was performed, per grantee and EPA agreement. These recipients returned the EPA
award money, which was then reprogammed to fund DERA 2009/2010 grants.
^H
AZ
IL
NY
GrantRecipient
City of Phoenix
Chicago Public Schools
Scarsdale Union Free School District
1 EPA Grant ., ,_ , n . .._ ..... ... , ., , . ., , ,
, Match Project Target Fleet(s) Technology Type(s)
Transit Bus
School Bus
School Bus
Replacement/Repower
Retrofits
Retrofits
AL,FL,GA,
KY,MS,NC,
SC.TN
3rant Recipient
FY 2009 ARRA Grants
EPA Grant
Amount
$1.2 million
Project Target Fleet(s)
Long Haul Trucks
echnologyType(s)
Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality
Construction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
AZ
City of Phoenix Department of Public Works
City/County Vehicle
CA
Long Haul Trucks, Short Haul
Retrofits
CA
California Air Resources Board
$8.89 million
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
CA
California Department of Transportation
$52,456
Construction
Retrofits
CA
City of Los Angeles Harbor Department
CA
Port of Long Beach
Retrofits
CA
$1.56 million
Retrofits
CA
$2 million
Agriculture
CA
$4 million
Retrofits
CO
CO
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
$774,000
Long Haul Trucks
CO
$1.25 million
CO, MT, ND,
SD, LIT, WY
Cascade Sierra Solutions
Long Haul Trucks
Retrofits
CT
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
$1.05 million
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
CT,I
,RI,VT
$1.15 million
Long Haul Trucks
City of Miami
$2,195,550
Refuse Hauler
$347,288
Agriculture
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
39
-------
FY 2009 ARRA Grants
GrantRecipient
FL
GA
GA
GA
GA
IL
IL
IN, MM,
OH.WI
KS
KS
KY
LA
MA
MA
MA
MD
MD
MD, PA, VA
MD,VA
ME
ME
ME,NH,VT
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
MO
Miami-Dade County
Cobb County Schools
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Georgia Port Authority
University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc.
City of Chicago Department of the Environment
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
American Lung Association — Upper Midwest
Johnson County Kansas Government
Kansas Department of Health and the Environment
Kentucky Association of General Contractors
Railroad Research Foundation
Chelsea Collaborative
Chelsea Collaborative
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Maryland Department of the Environment
Port of Baltimore (Maryland Environmental Services)
Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association
Chesapeake Bay Foundation
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
Maine Turnpike Authority
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
Great Lakes Commission
Greater Lansing Area Clean Cities
Lenawee School District
Minnesota Environmental Initiative
Grace Hill
1 EPA Grant ,, t .
Amount Match
$731,850
$829,697
$748,000
$164,000
$1.71 million
$1 million
$4.17 million
$3.72 million
$1 million
$4 million
$2 million
$2.93 million
$1.56 million
$357,946
$502,500
$1 million
$3.5 million
$4.32 million
$1.3 million
$746,715
$1.21 million
$1.65 million
$1.21 million
$1.07 million
$1.23 million
$3 million
$2 million
$2,243,150
$1,814,382
$187,000
$337,500
$2,072,744
$469,000
$2,616,605
$1,842,250
$770,993
$10,000
$484,870
$4,294,366
$200,000
$238,088
$403,016
$403,016
$489,185
$376,252
Project Target Flee t(s)
Transit Buses
School Bus
Long Haul Trucks
Ports and Airports
City/County Vehicle, Emergency Vehicle,
School Bus, Transit Buses, Utility Vehicle
City/County Vehicle, Construction, Long Haul
Trucks, Short Haul, Utility Vehicle
Construction, Delivery Truck, Long Haul
Trucks, Ports and Airports, Rail, School Bus,
Transit Buses
City/County Vehicle, Construction, Delivery
Truck, Long Haul Trucks, School Bus, Short
Haul, Transit Buses, Other
City/County Vehicle, Construction, Emergency
Vehicle, Refuse Hauler
Construction, Long Haul Trucks, Rail,
Short Haul
Construction
Rail
Construction, Delivery Truck, Long Haul
Trucks, Short Haul, Utility Vehicle
Construction, Ports and Airports, Stationary,
Other
Short Haul, Utility Vehicle
School Bus
Long Haul Trucks, Marine, Ports and Airports,
Rail
Long Haul Trucks, Marine, Ports and Airports,
Rail, Transit Buses
Marine
Construction, Delivery Truck, Ports and
Airports, Short Haul, Utility Vehicle, Other
Long Haul Trucks
Marine, Ports and Airports
Marine, Ports and Airports
School Bus
School Bus
Long Haul Trucks, Rail, School Bus, Short Haul
Delivery Truck, Emergency Vehicle, Long Haul
Trucks, Marine, Ports and Airports, Refuse
Hauler, School Bus
Technology Type(s)
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits,
Idle Reduction
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
40
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Missouri Departmentof Natural Resources
FY 2009 ARRA Grants
$975,609
Project Target Fleet(s)
Technology Type(s)
$1.45 million
MT
Montana Department of Environmental Quality and
Decker Coal
Construction, Mining
NC
$1.12 million
NC
Retrofits
$123,115
il, School Bus, Short Haul
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Nebraska Transportation
Center (UNL/NTC)
$1 million
Long Haul Trucks
Cascade Sierra Solutions
$1.4 million
Long Haul Trucks
$7 million
Ports and Airports, Short Haul
Retrofits
NJ, NY, PR
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
$2.8 million
Marine
Retrofits
NY
CALSTART.Inc.
$1.3 million
$3,516,156
Delivery Truck
Retrofits
Columbia University
$2 million
Construction, Long Haul Trucks, Short Haul
Retrofits
New York State Department of Transportation
$1.05 million
$400,000
Retrofits
NY
$2.86 million
Marine, Ports and Airports
OH
Hamilton County Environmental Services
$1.08 million
Retrofits
OH
$5 million
Construction, Long Haul Trucks, Ports and
Airports, Rail, School Bus
Retrofits
OK
$1.85 million
Retrofits
OR
Cascade Sierra Solutions—Trailer Aerodynamics Program
Long Haul Trucks
City of Portland
$1.62 million
$3.5 million
Retrofits
Department of Environmental Protection
$1.5 million
Retrofits
City of Providence
Retrofits
South Carolina Department of Education
$273,772
SC
Marine, Ports and Airports, Short Haul
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
TN
East Tennessee Clean fuel Coalition Crossville
$581,849
Long Haul Trucks
TN
Long Haul Trucks
TX
City of Houston
$2.37 million
Refuse Hauler
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
TX
North Central Texas Council of Governments
Long Haul Trucks
TX
North Central Texas Council of Governments
$1.55 million
Long Haul Trucks
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
41
-------
TX
Grant Recipient
Port of Houston Authority
FY 2009 ARRA Grants
EPA Grant
Amount
Project Target Fleet(s)
Technology Type(s)
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
TX
Port of Houston Authority
$611,466
Ports and Airports
Retrofits
TX
VIA Metropolitan Transit
Transit Buses
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
UT
Utah Department of Environmental Quality
Agriculture Long Haul Trucks, Delivery Truck
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
VA
$1
Refuse Hauler, School Bus, Transit Buses
Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Long Haul Trucks
Idle Reduction
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Idle Reduction
National School Transportation Association
School Bus
Idle Reduction
WY
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
Retrofits
FY 2009-2010 Grants
GrantRecipient
AR,IA,KS,
LA,NE,TX
AZ
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
(takes place
in NJ/NY)
CO
CT
DC
EL
EL
GA
Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association
Arizona Department oE Commerce
CaliEornia Air Resources Board
City oE Long Beach City Harbor CraEt and Cargo-Handling
City oE Los Angeles Harbor Department
Port oE San Francisco
San Joaguin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District
South Coast Air Quality Management District
CALSTART.Inc.
Regional Air Quality Council Comprehensive Clear Skies
and Climate Collaborative
Fairfield Connecticut Municipal Vehicle Retrofit Project
Metro Washington Council of Governments
Florida ReErigeration and Air Conditioning Contractors
Miami-Dade County Miami Port Authority
University oEGeorgia Research Foundation, Inc.
EAPAGra"t Match
Amount
$1 million
$610,828
$3.9 million
$1.65 million
$1.21 million
$1 million
$1.80 million
$1.07 million
$500,576
$2.50 million
$831,030
$560,600
$1.68 million
$1.51 million
$2.72 million
$1,347,433
$1,050,504
$432,000
$240,000
$94,060
$1,272,250
$677,796
$906,770
Project Target Flee t(s)
Long Haul Trucks
Delivery Truck, Long Haul Trucks
Rail
Marine, Ports and Airports, Utility Vehicle
Marine, Ports and Airports
Marine, Ports and Airports
Long Haul Trucks
School Bus
Long Haul Trucks
City/County Vehicle, Long Haul Trucks, School
Bus, Utility Vehicle, Other
City/County Vehicle, Construction, ReEuse
Hauler, Utility Vehicle
Construction, Marine
Construction
Ports and Airports
Ports and Airports
Technology Type(s)
Idle Reduction
Clean/Alt Fuels, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
42
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
FY 2009-2010 Grants
Project Target Fleet(s)
Technology Type(s)
$1.5 million
Long Haul Trucks, School Bus
South Shore Clean Cities, Inc.
Marine
KS
Kansas Department of Health
$233,218
Construction, Delivery Truck, Long Haul
Trucks, School Bus, Short Haul
Construction, Ports and Airports, Transit Buses
LA
$1.05 million
MA
$1 million
Marine, Ports and Airports
MA
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
$1.13 million
Ports and Airports
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
$1.42 million
$408,000
Construction, Ports and Airports
$975,000
$505,000
Marine, Ports and Airports
ME
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
Marine, Ports and Airports
Clean Energy Coalition Clean Energy Coalition
Construction
Michigan Infrastructure and Transportation Association
$966,555
Construction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Okemos Public Schools
Minnesota Environmental Initiative
$977,242
Missouri Departmentof Natural Resources
Construction, Refuse Hauler, School Bus
$243,143
Passenger Vessel Association
Marine
MS
Mississippi State University
Long Haul Trucks
MT
Missoula County
$1.13 million
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
43
-------
FY 2009-2010 Grants
GrantRecipient
NY
NY
NY
OH
OH
OR
PA
PA
PA
PR
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
VA
VA
VA
WA
WA
Wl
Wl
Wl
WV
Nassau County Police Department
New York City Department of Transportation
The Port Authority of NY &NJ
Clean fuels Ohio
Ohio Regional Planning Commission
Oregon Department of fnvironmental Quality
City of Philadelphia
Clean AirCouncil Clean Air Council
Port of Pittsburgh Commission
Autoridad de Transporte Maritime
Cascade Sierra Solutions
Houston Advanced Research Center
North Central Texas Council of Governments
North Central Texas Council of Governments
North Central Texas Council of Governments
Port of Corpus Christ! focomotive Switch Engine Repower
Project
Port of Houston Authority
James Madison University Virginia
National School Transportation Association
Virginia Port Authority Dredging Repower Project
Pacific Northwest Poll Prev Res Center
Washington Department of Ecology
Associated General Contractors of Greater Milwaukee
Leonardo Academy, Inc.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Railroad Research foundation of West Virginia
1 EPA Grant ,, t .
Amount Match
$708,397
$2 million
$1.58 million
$750,000
$1.23 million
$482,476
$475,669
$350,000
$1.16 million
$517,220
$1.15 million
$496,000
$500,000
$500,000
$500,000
$1.03 million
$1.49 million
$710,000
$362,642
$775,000
$875,972
$875,972
$500,000
$600,000
$1.18 million
$975,000
$236,132
$730,500
$4,731,447
$345,485
$198,850
$461,984
$4,320,000
$339,522
$159,775
$342,019
$1,107,503
$932,750
$169,576
$353,600
$1,816,835
$464,000
Project Target Flee t(s)
Marine, Ports and Airports
Marine
Ports and Airports
Construction, Delivery Truck, Long Haul
Trucks, School Bus, Other
Construction, Emergency Vehicle, Long Haul
Trucks, School Bus, Short Haul, Other
Marine, Ports and Airports
Ports and Airports, Transit Buses, Other
Ports and Airports, Other
Marine, Ports and Airports
Marine
Delivery Truck, Long Haul Trucks
Long Haul Trucks
Construction
Long Haul Trucks
School Bus
Marine, Rail
Marine, Ports and Airports
Construction
School Bus
Marine
Long Haul Trucks
School Bus
City/County Vehicle, Construction, Marine
Long Haul Trucks, School Bus, Transit Buses
City/County Vehicle, Construction, Long Haul
Trucks, Ports and Airports, School Bus, Other
Rail
Technology Type(s)
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Idle Reduction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacement/
Repower, Retrofits
44
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
FY 2009-2010 Grants, Tribal
3rant Recipient
CA
Project Target Fleet(s)
Technology Type(s)
Retrofits
CA
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Retrofits
Leech Lake Band of Ojibwa
$134,404
Refuse Hauler
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
45
-------
46 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
CA
Grant Recipient
FY 2008 Grants
EPA Funding
Project Target Fleet(s)
TX
CenterforTransportand the Environment
Delivery Truck, Short Haul
TX
Texas Transportation Institute
TX
Marine
FY 2009 ARRA Grants
CA
CA
CA
IN
NC
PA
TN
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
VA
WA
San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District
South Coast Air Quality Management District
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Southern Research Institute
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
Mississippi River Corridor — Tennessee, Inc.
City of Irving
Houston Advanced Research Center
Houston Advanced Research Center
University of Houston
University of Houston
fairfax County
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency
$13 million
$2 million
$2 million
$1 million
$1 million
$1.5 million
$2 million
$937,605
$2.36 million
$1.6 million
$1.74 million
$1.8 million
$1.3 million
$42,000
Long Haul Trucks
Long Haul Trucks
Long Haul Trucks
Construction
Refuse Hauler
Marine, Ports and Airports
Marine, Ports and Airports
Refuse Hauler, Utility Vehicle
Construction, Delivery Truck
Marine, Ports and Airports
City/County Vehicle, School Bus, Utility Vehicle
School Bus
School Bus
Marine, Ports and Airports
FY 2009-2010 Grants
State Grant Recipient EPA Funding Project Target Fleet(s)
CA
CA
CA
TX
WA
City of Los Angeles Harbor Department
California Air Resources Board
South Coast Air Quality Management District
University of Houston
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency
$731,298
$1.2 million
$1.5 million
$1.05 million
$1.2 million
Ports and Airports
Rail
Marine, Ports and Airports
School Bus
Marine, Ports and Airports
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
47
-------
48 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
I
Appendix C: SmartWay Finance
FY 2008 Grants
State Grant Recipient EPA Funding Project Target Fleet(s)
CA,NY,
OR,WA
Nationwide
Nationwide
Cascade Sierra Solutions
Community Development Transportation Lending Services
Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association
$1.13 million
$1.13 million
$1.13 million
Long Haul Trucks, Ports and Airports
Long Haul Trucks, Ports and Airports
Long Haul Trucks
Technology Type(s)
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Idle Reduction
FY 2009 ARRA Grants
State Grant Recipient EPA Funding Project Target Fleet(s) Technology Type(s)
CA
CA,OR,WA
KY
TX
Nationwide
California Air Resources Board
Cascade Sierra Solutions
Louisville-Jefferson County Metro Government
Houston-Galveston Area Council
National Association for Pupil Transportation
$5 million
$9 million
$2 million
$9 million
$5 million
Construction, Marine
Long Haul Trucks, Ports and Airports
Construction
Ports and Airports
School Bus
Idle Reduction, Replacements, Retrofits
Replacements, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacements, Retrofits
Replacements, Retrofits
Idle Reduction, Replacements, Retrofits
FY 2009-2010 Grants
State Grant Recipient EPA Funding Project Target Fleet(s)
MD,DE,
PA,VA
TN,GA
Nationwide
Nationwide
Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association
Southern Alliance for Clean Energy
Cascade Sierra Solutions
Community Development Transportation Lending Services
$3.92 million
$5 million
$2 million
$2.6 million
Ports and Airports
Long Haul Trucks
Long Haul Trucks, Ports and Airports
Long Haul Trucks, Ports and Airports
Technology Type(s)
Replacements
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
Replacements
Idle Reduction, Retrofits
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
49
-------
50 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
AK
Alaska Department of
Environmental Conservation
$235,294
$352,941
Idle reduction, Replacement/
repower, Retrofit
Af
Alabama Department of
Environmental Management
$235,294
$235,294
Diesel particulate filters, Clean fuels,
Idle reduction
AR
Arkansas Department of
Environmental Quality
$352,941
$235,294
Diesel oxidation catalysts, Auxiliary
power units, Replacement/repower
AZ
Arizona Department of
Environmental Quality
$235,294
CA
$352,941
Idle reduction, Diesel particulate
filters, Replacement/repower
CO
$235,294
$235,294
Idle reduction, Replacement/
repower, Diesel oxidation catalysts,
Closed crankcasefiltration units
CT
Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection
$235,294
$235,294
City/County vehicles, Delivery trucks, Long-
haul trucks, Marine, Ports and airports, School
buses, Short-haul trucks, Transit buses, Utility
vehicles, Construction, Locomotives
Replacement/repower, Diesel
oxidation catalysts, Truck stop
electrification
DC
District Department of
the Environment
$235,294
Transit buses, Utility vehicles, Refuse haulers,
City/county vehicles, Marine
Replacement/repower, Clean/
alternate fuel
DE
$352,941
Agriculture, Construction, School buses, Utility
vehicles, Long-haul trucks, Delivery trucks,
Ports and airports, Stationary, City/county
vehicles, Refuse haulers
Diesel particulate filters, Diesel
oxidation catalysts, Auxiliary power
units, Replacement/repower
florida Department of
Environmental Control
$352,941
Diesel oxidation catalysts,
Auxiliary power units, Truck stop
electrification
GA
Georgia Department of
Natural Resources
$352,941
Closed crankcase, Partial flow
filters, Clean/alternative fuels,
Hawaii Departmentof Health
$235,294
$235,294
Replacement/repower, Idle
reduction, Diesel particulate filters
Iowa Department of
Natural Resources
$235,294
Idaho Department of
Environmental Quality
$235,294
$235,294
Diesel oxidation catalysts, Closed
crankcase ventilation, Directfired
heaters, Replacement/repower
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
$352,941
$352,941
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
51
-------
Indiana Department of
Environmental Management
FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 Recovery Act
I Federal Total Federal Total Federal Total Federal
Funding Funding Funding Funding
Allotment Allotment Allotment Allotment
$352,941
Technology Types
Diesel oxidation catalysts, Diesel
participate filters, Auxiliary power
units, Replacement/repower
KS
Kansas Department of Health
and Environment
$352,941
$352,941
KY
$196,880
School buses, Long-haul trucks, Transit buses
Diesel oxidation catalysts, Diesel
particulate filters, Closed crankcase
ventilation, Auxiliary power units
LA
Marine, Agriculture, Delivery trucks
Massachusetts Department
of Environmental Protection
$352,941
$352,941
Maryland Department of
the Environment
ME
Idle reduction, Diesel oxidation
catalysts, Replacement/repower,
Clean/alternate fuels
Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality
Refuse haulers, School buses
Replacement/repower, Auxiliary
power units, Diesel oxidation
catalysts, Diesel particulate filters
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources
$352,941
$352,941
Construction, Delivery trucks, Marine,
Locomotives, Refuse haulers, School buses,
Short-haul trucks, Long-haul trucks
$352,941
$352,941
MT
School buses
Replacement/repower, Idle
reduction, Retrofits
$352,941
$352,941
Port and airports, School buses, Marine,
Construction, Locomotives, Refuse haulers,
Transit buses, Long-haul trucks,
Emergency vehicles
Replacement/repower, Idle
reduction, Retrofits
North Dakota Department
of Health
$196,880
Replacement/repower, Idle
reduction, Retrofits
NE
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Quality
School buses, City/county vehicles,
Construction, Refuse haulers, Transit buses,
Utility vehicles, Short-haul trucks, Long-haul
trucks, Emergency vehicles
New Hampshire Department
of Environmental Science
buses, City/county vehicles, Construction,
Auxiliary power units, Diesel
particulate filters, Replacement/
repower
$352,941
$352,941
Construction, Delivery trucks, Ports
and airports
New Mexico Environment
Department
Auxiliary power units, Diesel
particulate filters, Replacement/
repower
52
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
Nevada Division of
Environmental Protection
FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 Recovery Act
Federal Total Federal Total Federal Total Federal
:unding Funding Funding Funding
Allotment Allotment Allotment Allotment
$352,941
$352,941
NY
$352,941
$352,941
Transit buses, School buses
Diesel oxidation catalysts, Closed
crankcase ventilation
Ohio Environment
Protection Agency
$352,941
Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality
$235,294
Retrofits
Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality
$352,941
PA
Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection
$235,294
Diesel particulate filters,
Replacement/repower, Diesel
oxidation catalysts, Closed
crankcase ventilation, Clean/
alternate fuel
$352,941
$235,294
Diesel oxidation catalysts
SC
South Carolina Department
of Health and Environmental
Control
$352,941
SD
South Dakota Department
ofEnvironmentand
Natural Resources
$235,294
$235,294
School buses
TN
Tennessee Department
ofEnvironmentand
Conservation
$235,294
Long-haul trucks
Auxiliary power units
TX
Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality
$235,294
$235,294
Idle reduction, Replacement/
repower, Retrofits
UT
Utah Department of
Environmental Quality
$352,941
Clean/alternate fuel, Replacement/
repower, Diesel oxidation catalysts,
Closed crankcase ventilation
VA
Virginia Department of
Environmental Quality
$235,294
$235,294
City/county vehicles, Refuse haulers, School
buses, Marine, Short-haul trucks
Idle reduction, Replacement/
repower, Diesel oxidation catalysts
VT
Vermont Department of
Environmental Conservation
$235,294
$235,294
Washington State
Department of Ecology
$352,941
$0
Marine, Ports and airports, School buses,
Transit buses, Construction
$352,941
School buses, Construction
Diesel oxidation catalysts,
Replacement/repower
West Virginia Department of
Environmental Protection
$235,294
$235,294
WY
Wyoming Department of
Environmental Quality
$235,294
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
53
-------
54 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
For the National Clean Diesel Funding Assistance Program applicants, EPA applied criteria and
points such as those summarized in the list below, which are consistent with the priorities
described in Section 792 of the Energy Policy Act, Subtitle G, and with Agency policy. Evaluation
criteria differed slightly between the National, Emerging Technologies, and SmartWay programs.
3 Project summary/approach
3 Programmatic priorities
3 Past performance
3 Environmental results
3 Budget/resources
3 Target fleet
3 Leveraging resources and partners
3 Staff expertise/qualifications
3 Regional significance
For the Recovery Act grant competition, EPA used the same criteria, but also took job creation/retention
and "shovel-ready" projects into consideration.
For more detailed information about the Request for Proposals, please visit www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/
prgnational.htm.
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
55
-------
56 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
pendix F: Clean Diesel Colla
Clean Diesel Collaboratives are public-private partnerships that include EPA regional offices as well
as equipment manufacturers, fleet owners, state and local governments, and nonprofit organiza-
tions. They are diverse, multi-stakeholder groups that provide technical assistance, foster partner-
ships, and identify and leverage resources.
The Northeast Clean Diesel Collaborative: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
www.northeastdiesel.org/
The Mid-Atlantic Diesel Collaborative: Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia,
and Washington D.C.
www.dieselmidatlantic.org/
The Southeast Diesel Collaborative: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Tennessee
www.southeastdiesel.org/
The Midwest Clean Diesel Initiative: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin
www.epa.gov/midwestcleandiesel/
The Blue Skyways Collaborative: Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas
www.blueskyways.org/
The Rocky Mountain Clean Diesel Collaborative: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Utah, and Wyoming
www.epa.gov/region8/air/rmcdc/
The West Coast Diesel Collaborative: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon,
Washington, the territories of Guam and American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands
www.westcoastcollaborative.org/
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
57
-------
58 SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
-------
pendix G: Acron
bbreviati
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
CARB California Air Resources Board
CCV Closed Crankcase Ventilation
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CO Carbon Monoxide
C02 Carbon Dioxide
DEQ Diesel Emissions Quantifier
DERA Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
DFH Direct Fired Heater
DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
DRIVER Database for Reporting Innovative
Emissions Reductions
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
EPAct Energy Policy Act
ET Emerging Technologies
FY
HC
Fiscal Year
Hydrocarbon
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality
Standards
NCDC
National Clean Diesel Campaign
NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air
Use Management
NOX Nitrogen Oxides
OIG EPA's Office of the Inspector General
PFF Partial Flow Filter
PM
Particulate Matter
Recovery American Reinvestment and
Act Recovery Act
RFP Request for Proposals
SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
SOX Sulfur Oxides
TSE Truck Stop Electrification
ULSD Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
SECOND REPORT TO CONGRESS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAM
59
-------
-------
-------
EPA-420-R-12-031
December 2012
www.epa.gov
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office ofTransportation and Air Quality
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
National Clean Diesel Campaign
------- |