United States Solid Waste and
Environmental Protection Emergency Response EPA^530-SW-91-075
Agency (OS-305) October 1991
SEPA National Survey Of
Hazardous Waste
Generators and Treatment,
Storage, Disposal, and
Recycling Facilities in 1986
Hazardous Waste Generation
and Management
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1272-101
SEPORT DOCUMENTATION 1. REPORT NO. 2.
PAGE EPA/530-SH-91-075
4 ,
Title-and subtitle
NATIONAL SURVEY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS AND TREATMENT, STORAGE,
ulaPQSHL, AND RECYCLING FACILITIES IN 1986: HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION
AND MANAGEMENT
7, fluthcKs)
D. UFDIKE/OSW
:. Performing Organization Name and Address
U.S. EPft
Office of Solid Waste
.-ful fi. Street 5W
toshi™ ton. CC 20460
T
sponsoring Organization fame and Adaress
7
PB92- 123325
5. Report Oats
OCTOBES 1991
A.
8. Pe'-fcruinq Organization Sept. No
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
11. Contract iC) or Grant (6) No.
iC)
(GJ
13. Typs of Report & Period Covereo
SURVEY
14.
5. Supplenentary Notes
. Abstract iLiiiit: 200 woros)
is report presents comprehensive information describing the entire universe of hazarous waste .naraqeuent activities,
:lijding detailed inroraiatian about each .najor category of hazardous wast? .Danaqeaient cperations. This report also
j"°s=es the significant quantities of hazardous wastes that are managed :n trsataient and recovery units that qualify
at qualify for exemptions ;ro(n RCRA-permitting requirements.
Document Analysis a. Descriptors
b. Identifiers/Dpen-Erded Terns
c. COSATI Field/Group
Availability Stateaent
ILEASE UNLIMITED
19. Secur: :, .'.us
IJNCLASS:F:=:
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UNCLASSIFIED
WSI-Z39.1B)
'This Repcrt)
(This Page)
OPT!
(For
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0
22. Price
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ONAL FORK 272 (4-77)
«erly NTIS-35)
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National Survey Of Hazardous
Waste Generators and Treatment,
Storage, Disposal, and Recycling
Facilities in 1986
Hazardous Waste Generation
and Management
October1991
Office of Solid Waste
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management ///
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
1.1 Overview ; 1
1.2 Background 3
1.3 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management in 1986:
Overview of Survey Findings 4
SURVEY OVERVIEW 9
2.1 Survey Objectives 9
2.2 Survey Scope 10
Sites Included 10
Wastes Included 11
2.3 Survey Methodology 11
Phase I: Sample Design 11
Phase II: Generator and TSDR Surveys 12
Phase III: Data Management 13
2.4 Statistical Issues 14
Adjustments to the Weights 14
Confidence Intervals 15
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN 1986: SUMMARY 17
3.1 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators 17
3.2 Quantities of Hazardous Waste Generated 20
TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED 29
4.1 RCRA and Non-RCRA Hazardous Waste 29
4.2 Hazardous Wastewater and Non-Wastewater 31
4.3 Physical/Chemical Characteristics 33
4.4 Hazardous Characteristics 41
4.5 RCRA Waste Codes 45
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tv 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CONTENTS (continued)
5 SOURCES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED 49
5.1 Location of Hazardous Waste Generators 49
5.2 Industries Generating Hazardous Waste 56
5.3 Ownership Type 69
5.4 Activities Generating Hazardous Waste 71
6 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 83
6.1 Hazardous Waste Management by RCRA-Permitting Status 83
6.2 Onsite, Captive, and Commercial Management of Hazardous
Waste 86
6.3 Hazardous Waste Management by Location 90
6.4 Types of Hazardous Waste Management 95
7 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS: RECYCUNG 97
7.1 Solvents 97
7.2 Metals 103
7.3 Reuse as Fuel - 109
7.4 Fuel Blending 115
7.5 Other Recycling 120
8 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS: TREATMENT 127
8.1 Incineration 127
Solidification 133
Wastewater Treatment 139
8.4 Other Treatment 146
9 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS: STORAGE 151
9.1 Geographic Distribution 151
92 Types of Storage Units 156
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CONTENTS (continued)
10 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS: DISPOSAL 157
10.1 Landfills 157
10.2 Land Treatment 162
10.3 Disposal Impoundments 167
10.4 Injection Wells 172
11 UNITS SUBJECT TO THE LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTION RULE 177
11.1 Waste Piles 177
11.2 Surface Impoundments 182
12 CHANGES SINCE 1986 AFFECTING HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT 189
12.1 Land Disposal Restriction Rules 189
12.2 Surface Impoundment Regulations 191
12.3 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) 191
12.4 Boiler and Industrial Furnace Regulations 192
12.5 Pollution Prevention Policies 193
APPENDIXES
A Detailed Outline of the Generator and TSDR Surveys
B Definitions of Waste Codes
C Generator and TSDR Survey Questions Referenced in This Report
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vl 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CHARTS
1.1-1 Definition of Selected Terms Used In This Report 2
1.3-1 Estimated Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 5
1.3-2 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986 (million tons) 5
1.3-3 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1981,1985, and 1986 6
1.3-4 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986, by RCRA-
Permittlng Status of Management Units 7
1.3-5 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in RCRA TSOR Units in 1981,
1985, and 1986 (million tons) 8
3.1-1 Estimated Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 18
3.1-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1981,1985, and 1986 19
3.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (million tons) 20
3.2-2 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986, by RCRA-
Permitting Status of Management Units 22
3.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In RCRA TSDR Units in 1981,
1985, and 1986 (million tons) 23
3.2-4a Cumulative Distribution of the Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Generated In 1986 24
3.2-4b Cumulative Distribution of the Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Generated In 1986 for the Top 25 Percent of Generators 25
3.2-5 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by Generators: Key
Statistics— 26
3.2-6 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by the Fifty Largest
Generators 27
4.1-1 Quantity of RCRA Hazardous Waste in 1986 30
4.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Wastewater Generated in 1986 31
4.2-2 Number of Facilities Generating Hazardous Wastewater in 1986 32
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management vll
CHARTS (continued)
4.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986 by
Physical/Chemical Characteristics 33
4.3-2 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Inorganic Liquid
Hazardous Waste in 1986 34
4.3-3 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Organic Liquid
Hazardous Waste in 1986 35
4.3-4 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Organic Solid/Sludge
Hazardous Waste in 1986 35
4.3-5 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Inorganic Sludge
Hazardous Waste in 1986 36
4.3-6 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Inorganic Solid
Hazardous Waste in 1986 36
4.3-7 Number of Generators in 1986 by the Physical/Chemical
Characteristics 37
4.3-8 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Organic
Liquid Hazardous Waste In 1986 38
4.3-9 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Inorganic
Liquid Hazardous Waste in 1986 39
4.3-10 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Organic
Solid/Sludge Hazardous Waste In 1986 39
4.3-11 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Inorganic
Solid Hazardous Waste in 1986 40
4.3-12 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Inorganic
Sludge Hazardous Waste in 1986 40
4.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by RCRA Hazard
Characteristic 42
4.4-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986 by RCRA Hazard
Characteristic of Wastes Generated 44
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vlll 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CHARTS (continued)
4.5- 1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1 986 by RCRA Waste
Code [[[ 46
4.5-2 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1 986 by RCRA Waste
Code Groups [[[ 47
5.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated per EPA Region in 1 986 (In
million tons) [[[ 50
5.1 -2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators per EPA Region in 1986 ................... 51
5.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by State In 1986 .............. . .................. 52
5.1-4 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by State in 1986, In
Descending Order [[[ 53
5.1-5 Number of Hazardous Waste C-inerators by State In 1986 ............................... 54
5.1-6 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators by Slate in 1986, In
Descending Order ...................... „ ................................. „ .................................... 55
5.2-1 Largest General Industries by the Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Generated [[[ 56
5.2-2 Most Common Specific Industries In the Chemical Products Industry
(SIC 28) by the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986 (by
4-DigltSIC) [[[ 57
5.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Chemical Products
Industry (SIC 28) In 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics ........................ 57
5.2-4 Most Common Specific Industries in the Electronics Industry (SIC 36)
by the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (by 4-Dlgft
~ ......... _______ ...... ____ ......... - ..................... . ......................................... 58
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7986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management ix
CHARTS (continued)
5.2-8 Most Common Specific Industries in the Primary Metals Industry
(SIC 33) by the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986 (by
4-DigitSIC) 60
5.2-9 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Primary Metals
Industry (SIC 33) in 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics 60
5.2-10 Most Common Specific Industries in the Transportation Equipment
Industry (SIC 37) by the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in
1986 (by 4-Digit SIC) 61
5.2-11 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Transportation
Equipment Industry (SIC 37) in 1986 by Physical/Chemical
Characteristics 61
5.2-12 Largest General Industries by the Number of Hazardous Waste
Generi tors in 1986 62
5.2-13 Most Common Specific Industries in the Chemical Products Industry
(SIC 28) by the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 (by
4-Digit SIC) 64
5.2-14 Number of Facilities in the Chemical Products Industry (SIC 28)
Generating Hazardous Waste in 1986 by Physical/Chemical
Characteristics 64
5.2-15 Most Common Specific Industries In the Metal Fabrication Industry
(SIC 34) by the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 (by
4-Digit SIC) 65
5.2-16 Number of Facilities In the Metal Fabrications Industry (SIC 34)
Generating Hazardous Waste In 1986 by Physical/Chemical
Characteristics 65
5.2-17 Most Common Specific Industries in the Electronics Industry (SIC 36)
by the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 (by 4-Digit
SIC) 66
5.2-18 Number of Facilities In the Electronics Industry (SIC 36) Generating
Hazardous Waste in 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics 66
5.2-19 Most Common Specific Industries in the Transportation Equipment
Industry (SIC 37) by the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in
1986 (by 4-Digit SIC) 67
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CHARTS (continued)
5.2-20 Number of Facilities in the Transportation Equipment Industry
(SIC 37) Generating Hazardous Waste in 1986 by Physical/Chemical
Characteristics 67
5.2-21 Most Common Specific Industries in the Primary Metals Industry
(SIC 33} by the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 (by
4-DigitSIC) 68
5.2-22 Number of Facilities in the Primary Metals Industry (SIC 33)
Generating Hazardous Waste in 1986 by Physical/Chemical
Characteristics 68
5.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1986 by Ownership Type 69
5.3-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators in 1986 by Ownership Type 70
5.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 19£ti by the Activity
Generating the Waste (million tons) 71
5.4-2 Most Common Sources of Primary/Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by Quantity Generated in 1986 — „ 72
5.4-3 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Quantity Generated in 1986 73
5.4-4 Most Common Sources of Primary/Non-Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Quantity Generated in 1986 74
5.4-5 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Non-Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Quantity Generated In 1986 75
5.4-6 Most Common Unknown Sources of Non-Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Quantity Generated In 1986... „.— 76
5.4-7 Number of Generators in 1986 by the Source of their Hazardous
Waste- 77
5.4-8 Most Common Sources of Primary/Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Number of Generators per Source in 1986. 78
5.4-9 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Number of Generators per Source in 1986 79
5.4-10 Most Common Sources of Primary/Non-Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Number of Generators per Source in 1986 80
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7986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management xl
CHARTS (continued)
5.4-11 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Non-Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Number of Generators per Source in 1986 81
5.4-12 Most Common Unknown Sources of Non-Routine Hazardous Waste
Generation by the Number of Generators per Source in 1986 82
6.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986. by RCRA-Permitting
Status of Management Units 84
6.1-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by RCRA Permit
Status of Management Units in 1986 85
6.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste that was Managed Onsite,
Commercially, and Captively in 1986 86
6.2-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by the Origin of
the Hazardous Waste Managed in 1986: Commercial. Captive, and
Onsite-Only 87
6.2-3a Number of Generators by Location of Their Hazardous Waste
Management In 1986 88
6.2-3b Number of Generators by Location of Their Hazardous Waste
Management In 1986: Onsite. Commercial, and Captive 89
6.3-1 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities per EPA Region
in 1986 91
6.3-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by State In 1986 93
6.3-3 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by State in 1986.
in Descending Order 94
6.4-1 Number of Management Facilities Treating, Storing, Disposing of. and
Recycling Hazardous Waste in 1986 ....95
7.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Solvent Recovery
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 (In million tons) 98
7.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Solvent Recovery
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 99
7.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Solvent Recovery
Processes by State in 1986 100
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xll 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CHARTS (continued)
7.1-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Solvent Recovery
Processes by State in 1986 101
7.1-5 Types of Solvent Recovery Processes and Quantity Managed in 1986 102
7.1 -6 RCRA-Permitting Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in
Solvent Recovery Processes in 1986 103
7.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Metal Recovery Processes
per EPA Region in 1986 (In million tons) 104
7.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Metal Recovery
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 105
7.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Metal Recovery Processes
by State in 1986 106
7.2-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Metal Recovery
Processes by State In 1986 107
7.2-5 Types of Metals Recovery Processes and Quantity of Hazardous
Waste Managed in 1986 108
7.2-6 RCRA-Permltting Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In
Metal Recovery Processes in 1986 109
7.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Reuse-as-Fuel Processes
per EPA Region In 1986 (in million tons) 110
7.3-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Reuse-as-Fuel
Processes per EPA Region In 1986.... ~ 111
7.3-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Reuse-as-Fuel Processes
by State In 1986 - - 112
7.3-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Reuse-as-Fuel
Processes by State In 1986 113
7.3-5 Types of Reuse-as-Fuel Processes and Quantity Managed In 1986 114
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management xlll
CHARTS (continued)
7.3-6 RCRA-Permitting Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in
Reusing Hazardous Waste as Fuel in 1986 115
7.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Fuel Blending Processes
per EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons) 116
7.4-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Fuel Blending
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 117
7.4-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Fuel Blending Processes
by State in 1986 118
7.4-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Fuel Blending
Processes by State in 1986 119
7.4-5 RCRA-Permitting Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in
Fuel Blending Processes in 1986 120
7.5-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Other Recycling Processes
per EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons) 121
7.5-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Other Recycling
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 122
7.5-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Other Recovery Processes
by State in 1986 123
7.5-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Other Recovery
Processes by State In 1986 124
7.5-5 RCRA-Permitting Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in
Other Recycling Processes in 1986 125
8.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Incinerators per EPA
Region in 1986 (in million tons) 128
8.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Incinerators per
EPA Region in 1986 129
8.1 -3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Incinerated by State in 1986 130
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xhf 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CHARTS (continued)
8.1-4 Number of Facilities Incinerating Hazardous Waste by State in 1986 131
8.1-5 Types of Incinerators and Quantity Managed in 1986 132
8.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Solidification Processes
per EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons) 134
8.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Solidification
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 135
8.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Solidification by State in
1986 136
8.2-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Solidification
Processes by State in 1986 137
8.2-5 Types of Solidification Processes and Quantity Managed in 1986 138
8.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Wastewater Treatment
Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons) 140
8.3-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Wastewater
Treatment Processes per EPA Region in 1986 ~ 141
8.3-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Wastewater Treatment
Processes by State in 1986 - 142
8.3-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Wastewater
Treatment Processes by State in 1986 ~ 143
8.3-5 Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes and Quantity Managed in
1986..-.. 144
8.3-6 RCRA-Permftting Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In
Wastewater Treatment Processes in 1986 ~ 145
8.3-7 Number of Facilities by Type of Unit Used for Wastewater Treatment 146
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management xv
CHARTS (continued)
8.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Other Treatment
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons) 147
8.4-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Other Treatment
Processes per EPA Region in 1986 148
8.4-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Other Treatment
Processes by State in 1986 149
8.4-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Other Treatment
Processes by State in 1986 150
9.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Stored per EPA Region in 1986 (in
million tons) 152
9.1 -2 Number of Facilities Storing Hazardous Waste per EPA Region in
1986 153
9.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Stored per State in 1986 154
9.1-4 Number of Facilities Storing Hazardous Waste per State in 1986 155
9.2-1 Types of Storage Units and Quantity Stored in 1986 156
10.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Landfills per EPA Region in
1986 (in million tons) 158
10.1 -2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Landfills per EPA
Region in 1986 159
10.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Landfills by State In 1986 160
10.1 -4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Landfills by State
in 1986 161
10.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Land Treatment Areas per
EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons) 163
10.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Land Treatment
Areas per EPA Region in 1986 164
10.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Land Treatment Areas by
State in 1986 165
10.2-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Land Treatment
Areas by State in 1986 166
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xvl 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
CHARTS (continued)
10.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Disposal Impoundments
per EPA Region in 1986 (In million tons). 168
10.3-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Disposal
Impoundments per EPA Region in 1986 169
10.3-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Disposal Impoundments by
State in 1986. 170
10.3-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Disposal
Impoundments by State in 1986 171
10.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Injection Wells per EPA
Region In 1986 (in million tons) 173
10.4-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste hi Injection Wells
per EPA Region in 1986 174
10.4-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Injection Wells by State in
1986 175
10.4-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Injection Wells by
State In 1986. 176
11.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Waste Piles per EPA
Region In 1986 (in million tons) 178
11.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Waste Piles per
EPA Region In 1986 _ 179
11.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Waste Piles by State In
1986 180
11.1-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Waste Piles by
State in 1986.— 181
11.1-5 Types of Waste Management Conducted In Waste Piles in 1986, by
Number of Facilities ~ 182
11.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Surface Impoundments per
EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons) 183
11.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Surface
Impoundments per EPA Region In 1986 184
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management xvll
CHARTS (continued)
11.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Surface Impoundments by
State in 1986 185
11.2-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Surface
Impoundments by State in 1986 186
11.2-5 Types of Waste Management Conducted in Surface Impoundments in
1986, by Number of Facilities 187
12.1-1 Schedule for Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Restriction Rules
Under HSWA 190
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xvlll
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
ACRONYMS
BDAT Best Demonstrated Available Technology
CBI Confidential Business Information
EP Extraction Procedure
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
HWDMS Hazardous Waste Data Management System
LDR Land Disposal Restrictions
LQG Large Quantity Generator
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
OSW Office of Solid Waste
PCS Polychlorinated Biphenyl
POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis
SQG Small Quantity Generator
TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
TSDR Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Facilities
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1. Introduction and Executive Summary
1
INTRODUCTION AND EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
This report presents the findings of two extensive national surveys conducted
by mail over a three-year period to obtain detailed information concerning
hazardous waste generation and management practices occurring in calendar
year 1986. The two surveys—the National Survey of Hazardous Waste
Generators (Generator Survey) and the National Survey of Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Facilities (TSDR Survey)—
focused on hazardous waste handlers regulated under Subtitle C of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended in 1984 by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (hereafter referred to as RCRA).
1.1 OVERVIEW
Information developed through the Generator and TSDR Surveys is being
released in two phases:
• The first report presented the surveys' major findings concerning the
total quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 and a portion of
the surveys' findings concerning 1986 hazardous waste management
activities: management of hazardous wastes in treatment, storage,
disposal, and recycling (TSDR) units that are subject to RCRA-
permitting requirements. The report was released by EPA in July,
1991.
• This second report presents comprehensive information describing the
entire universe of hazardous waste management activities, including
detailed information about each major category of hazardous waste
management operations. This report also addresses the significant
quantities of hazardous wastes that are managed in treatment and
recovery units that qualify for exemptions from RCRA-pcrmitting
requirements.
Chart 1.1-1 defines selected key terms used throughout these reports.
Appendix A outlines the content of the Generator and TSDR Surveys.
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 1.1-1 Definition of Selected Terms Used In This Report
Generator
Facility
Hazardous waste
RCRATSDR units
Non-RCRA TSDR units
RCRATSDR facilities
Non-RCRA TSDR facilities
Facilities that generate in one month or
accumulate at any one time more than
1,000 kg RCRA hazardous waste or more
than 1 kg RCRA acutely hazardous waste
(sometimes referred to as "large" quantity
generators).
Facilities treating, recycling, disposing of, or
storing hazardous waste, regardless of their
permit status. Does not include accumulation
exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements.
Wastes considered hazardous under RCRA
(regardless of how they are managed), under
other federal regulations, or by the state in
which it is generated or managed.
Hazardous waste management units subject
to RCRA-permrttlng requirements (sometimes
referred to as RCRA units).
Hazardous waste management units exempt
from RCRA-permlttlng requirements
(sometimes referred to as non-RCRA units).
Facilities that manage hazardous waste in
RCRA TSDR units.
Facilities that only manage hazardous waste
in non-RCRA TSDR units.
These data have been used extensively since their collection, and this report
documents some of the findings. However, any data analysis must take into
account the significant changes that have occurred in hazardous waste
management practices since these data were collected. Among other actions,
EPA has
• implemented restrictions on the land disposal of hazardous wastes,
• expanded the toxicity characteristic testing procedures and standards
to capture an expanded universe of hazardous wastes under the
RCRA Subtitle C regulatory umbrella, and
• implemented pollution prevention policies designed to reduce
hazardous waste generation.
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1. Introduction and Executive Summary
Chapter 12 describes these program changes in more detail.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The 1986 Generator and TSDR Surveys comprise EPA's third effort to
develop reliable national information describing hazardous waste generation
and management activities in the United States. EPA's April 1984 report,
National Survey of Hazardous Waste Generators and Treatment, Storage, and
Disposal Facilities Regulated Under RCRA in 1981 (1981 Mail Survey),
presented the first picture of the hazardous waste system that RCRA was
enacted to control, based on an extensive mail survey conducted directly by
EPA. EPA's March 1989 report, ^985 National Biennial Report of Hazardous
Waste Generators and Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities Regulated
Under RCRA (1985 National Biennial Report), updated the 1981 Mail Survey
based on EPA's compilation of data reported by generators and facilities to
states and EPA regional offices through the RCRA Biennial Reporting
System.
The major finding of the 1981 Mail Survey was that annual hazardous waste
generation was approximately six times greater than previously estimated,
with slightly more than 14,000 generators producing approximately
290 million tons of hazardous waste in 1981. The 1981 Survey found for the
first time that large quantities of RCRA hazardous wastes are managed outside
the scope of the RCRA-permitting program in units that qualify for
exemptions from RCRA-permitting requirements. Most prominent among
such units are tank treatment systems used to treat hazardous wastewaters
prior to discharge to surface waters under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES). The 1981 Mail Survey was unable to estimate
the total quantity generated of hazardous wastes that were managed outside
the scope of the RCRA-permitting system.
In the 1985 National Biennial Report, EPA reported that in 1985 almost
22,000 generators generated 271 million tons of RCRA hazardous waste that
were managed in RCRA-regulated TSDR units. In addition, data received by
states and EPA regional offices in 1985 again indicated that additional large
volumes of RCRA hazardous waste were being managed outside the scope of
the RCRA-permitting system. Again, EPA was unable to develop a reliable
estimate of the national quantities of these hazardous wastes.
-------
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
The 1986 Generator and TSDR Surveys differ from the previous EPA
hazardous waste data collections described above in that, in addition to data
on wastes managed in RCRA TSDR units, they also include hazardous wastes
managed in units that qualify for exemptions from RCRA-pennitting
requirements.
1.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN 1986: OVERVIEW
OF SURVEY RNDINGS
Based on the survey procedures and methodologies described in
Chapter 2, EPA estimates that 12,478 generators generated 747.4 million
tons of hazardous waste in 1986. The 747.4 million ton quantity of
hazardous waste generated in 1986 is considerably greater than previous
estimates for 1981 and 1985 because it includes the large volumes of
hazardous waste that are managed outside the scope of the RCRA-pennitting
system in TSDR units that qualify for RCRA-pennitting exemptions (non-
RCRA TSDR units).
Charts 1.3-1 and 1.3-2 present these statistical estimates along with their
confidence intervals, corresponding to the 95 percent confidence levels. The
confidence interval is the range of values within which the actual number of
generators and quantity of hazardous waste is likely to be, based on the
statistical design of the survey and the response rates obtained. A 95 percent
confidence level means that if a survey was conducted 100 times, the
estimates would fall within the range 95 percent of the time. Chan 1.3-1
shows that the 95 percent confidence interval for the number of generators in
1986 is plus or minus 4.6 percent, or 575 generators. This means that there is
a 95 percent certainty that the actual number of generators in 1986 was
between 11,903 and 13,053. The 95 percent confidence interval for the
quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 is plus or minus 75 million
tons, or plus or minus 10 percent of the estimate.
Chart 13-3 compares the estimates of the number of hazardous waste
generators for 1981,1985, and 1986. EPA believes that the 1985 estimate of
21,700 provided by the RCRA Biennial Reporting System overstates the
actual number of generators in that year because many states include small
quantity generators (SQGs) in their reporting systems and were unable to
remove them when reporting to EPA on the number of generators (i.e., "large"
quantity generators) within their borders. When the overcounting factor is
considered, the three estimates of hazardous waste generators shown in Chart
1.3-3 are thought to be similar.
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1. Introduction and Executive Summary
Chart 1.3-1 Estimated Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986
14,000 -.
12,000 -•
10,000 ..
8.000 ..
6,000 ..
4,000 ..
2,000 •-
0 -
12,478
] 95% Confidence Interval
(± 575 generators)
{± 4.6%)
Source: (GA1, 2.3, 4.5. and 27] (The letters Indicate the questionnaire and the numbers Indicate the
question on which the data are based.)
Chart 1.3-2 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (million tons)*
1,000 T
800 •-
600 ••
400 ••
200 ••
747.4 million tons
95% Confidence Interval
(±75milBontons)
(±10%)
a For the purpose ol this report, quantities reported in gallons have been converted to U.S. tons using the
following standard conversion factor: 1 U.S. ton • 2,000 - 240 gallons.
Source: (GA27)
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 1.3-3 Numbw of Hazardous Wasto Generators In 1981,1985, and 1986
25.000 j
20.000 • •
15,000 • •
10.000 • •
5,000 • •
21.7008
14.100
12,478
1981
1985
1986
a The 1985 Biennial Report System estimate overstates the actual population of hazardous waste generator*
because some states Included small quantity generators.
Source: 1981 Mall Survey. 1985 Biennial Report. (GA1,2.3.4,5, and 27)
Chart 1.3-4 disaggregates the 1986 generation estimate of 747.4 million tons
according to the RCRA-permitting status of the TSDR units in which these
wastes were subsequently managed and according to the type of facility that
managed the hazardous waste. The chart shows three categories of hazardous
waste:
• waste managed in at least one RCRA TSDR unit,
• waste managed onfy in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities that also
manage hazardous wastes in RCRA TSDR units, and
• waste managed onfy in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities that do
not have any RCRA TSDR units.
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1. Introduction and Executive Summary
Chart 1.3-4 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986, by RCRA-Permtttlng Status of
Management Units
Managed In Non-RCRA
TSDR Units at Facilities
with No RCRA Units
260.4 million tons
(35%)
Managed in RCRA
TSDR Units
289.5 million tons
(39%)
Managed Exclusively in Non-RCRA
TSDR Units at Facilities with
RCRA Units
197.5 million tons
(26%)
Total Quantity Generated = 747.4 million tons
Source: (A3.A8, GA27)
An example of a RCRA TSDR facility that manages hazardous waste in
RCRA and non-RCRA TSDR units is a facility that has a RCRA permit for
hazardous waste storage tanks and also treats hazardous waste in a RCRA-
exempt wastcwater treatment system governed by a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge permit under the Clean
Water Act An example of a non-RCRA TSDR facility that manages
hazardous waste only in non-RCRA units is a RCRA large quantity generator
that treats its hazardous waste in a RCRA-exempt wastewater treatment
system and ships the hazardous sludge residual from the treatment system
offsite every other month. (Generators are allowed to accumulate hazardous
waste onsite for up to 90 days without obtaining a RCRA storage permit)
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8
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Only 289.5 million tons (39 percent) of the 747.4 million tons of hazardous
waste generated in 1986 were managed in RCRA TSDR units. An
additional 197.5 million tons (26 percent) of hazardous waste were
managed in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities with RCRA units. The
remaining 260.4 million tons (35 percent) of hazardous waste generated in
1986 were managed in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities with no RCRA
units.
Disaggregating the 747.4 million tons of hazardous waste generated in 1986
according to the RCRA regulatory status of management units enables
comparison of 19S6 generation estimates with the previously described 1981
and 1985 estimates. Chart 1.3-5 presents hazardous waste generation
estimates for all three years. The estimates for 1981 and 1985 are limited (as
described in Section 1.2 above) to hazardous waste quantities that are
subsequently managed in RCRA TSDR units. The estimates for 1981 and
1985 are very similar to the 1986 generation estimate of quantities
subsequently managed in the RCRA-pcrmitting system.
Chart 1.3-5 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In RCRA TSDR Units In 1981,1985, and 1986
(million tons)
800 -r
700 -•
600 ••
500 ••
400 ••
300 ••
200 • >
100 ••
0
747.4
289.5
457.9 million ions
• Managed In Units Exempt
from RCRA-Permitting
Requirements
1981
1985
1986
Source: 1981 Mail Survey, 1985 Biennial Report. (A3. GA27)
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2. Survey Overview
2
SURVEY OVERVIEW
This chapter discusses the objectives of the 1986 Generator and TSDR
Surveys and the approach used to develop and conduct the surveys. The
information discussed in this chapter should help the reader understand the
nature and application of survey data.
2.1 SURVEY OBJECTIVES
The Generator and TSDR Surveys were an effort to develop comprehensive
hazardous waste information for use by the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) and
other EPA offices, the regulated community. Congress, and the general public
for rulemaking and related analyses. This section outlines the objectives of the
Generator and TSDR Surveys.
The Generator and TSDR Surveys were conducted to support the development
of a variety of regulations and analyses, including
• the land disposal restriction rules, including developing treatment
standards based on Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BD AT)
technologies, and setting effective dates based on the capacity of
BDAT technologies;
• regulations for corrective action for solid waste management units at
facilities with RCRA permits;
• analyses of pollution prevention activities to support EPA pollution
prevention outreach efforts;
• permitting standards for tanks used to treat, store, or recycle
hazardous waste;
• Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) for regulations associated with
RCRA and HSWA;
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10 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
• revisions of the organic toxicity characteristic and other additional
waste characteristics used to classify wastes as "hazardous" under
RCRA;
• the revised list of wastes considered hazardous under RCRA; and
• testing procedures for wastes with hazardous characteristics.
2.2 SURVEY SCOPE
This section describes the types of generators and facilities and the types of
wastes included in the Generator and TSDR Surveys.
Sites Included
The facilities surveyed in the TSDR Survey include a census of facilities that
treated, disposed of, or recycled hazardous waste onsite and a random sample
of facilities that only stored hazardous waste and did not treat, dispose, or
recycle any hazardous waste onsite. The findings presented in Chapter 3
address only those facilities with RCRA TSDR units that were operational (or
temporarily idle) in 1986.
The data collected in the Generator Survey represent "large" quantity
generators of hazardous wastes (referred to in this report as "generators")- A
generator is a facility that generated in any one month more than 1,000 kg of
hazardous waste or more than 1 kg of waste considered acutely hazardous
under RCRA that was subsequently shipped offrite or managed onsite in
RCRA TSDR units. Acutely hazardous wastes are wastes described by any of
the following RCRA waste codes: F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, F027, and
all of the codes beginning with P.
The Generator Survey employed a stratified sample. All facilities included in
the TSDR Survey were also surveyed in the Generator Survey. The stratified
sample design provided greater precision in the findings and produced
statistically significant estimates at national, regional, and state levels.
It is important to note that both the Generator and TSDR Surveys are statistical
samples. All the data presented in this report have been weighted to represent
the total population of RCRA TSDR facilities and generators nationwide.
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2. Survey Overview 11
Wastes Included
RCRA defines a specific subset of solid wastes as "hazardous wastes"; these
wastes are subject to RCRA regulations concerning hazardous wastes.
Definitions of solid wastes and hazardous wastes are provided in the code of
Federal Regulations (see 40 CFR 260-261). Many states regulate hazardous
wastes in addition to those regulated under RCRA (e.g., waste oil). The
Generator and TSDR Surveys include data on wastes considered hazardous
under RCRA, other federal regulations, and state regulations.
The following wastes are included in the Generator and TSDR Surveys:
• Waste considered hazardous under RCRA. This includes hazardous
wastewater pretreated prior to discharge under a NPDES permit or to
a publicly owned treatment works (POTW); hazardous waste
generated in a production process or a waste treatment process; and a
hazardous waste that is a characteristic hazardous waste even though
it may lose its hazardous characteristic through mixing with other
waste or by treatment
• Waste considered hazardous by the state in which it was generated or
managed.
• Waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, or
dioxins/furans.
• Hazardous waste mixed with radioactive waste.
2.3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY
The 1986 Generator and TSDR Surveys were designed and developed over a
two-year period. Because of the size and complexity of this project and of the
survey instruments themselves, this section briefly explains the methodology
used to develop the surveys.
Phase): Sample Design
The initial phase of the TSDR Survey development was the National
Screening Survey conducted from January through November 1986. The
Screening Survey identified and collected summary information from all
facilities in the United States that had filed a Pan A permit under RCRA and
were listed in the Hazardous Waste Data Management System (HWDMS) as
of November 1985. Because a large number of the facilities that filed a Part A
permit did not ultimately manage RCRA hazardous waste in units that require
a permit, one objective of the Screening Survey was to determine which
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12 19B6 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
facilities operated waste management units subject to RCRA-pennitting
requirements during 1986. Of the 5,600 facilities surveyed, approximately
3,000 were determined to be active TSDR facilities requiring or otherwise
subject to permits under RCRA. A second objective of the Screening Survey
was to gather information to determine the best method for surveying TSDR
facilities in a more detailed follow-up survey.
In January and February of 1987, a computer-assisted telephone interview
followed up the approximately 3,000 active TSDR facilities identified in the
Screening Survey. These facilities were asked to verify and update the data
they had provided for the Screening Survey. With this information, EPA
determined the approximate number of waste management units for each
waste management activity operated at each facility. This information served
as the basis for distributing detailed questionnaires for the subsequent TSDR
Survey.
For the Generator Survey, the population to be surveyed included all
identified generators of hazardous waste. A population of 41,000 potential
hazardous waste generators was identified using information from several
sources:
• the 1985 Biennial Hazardous Waste Report,
• the 1986 National TSDR Screening Survey.
• the HWDMS,
• state regulatory officials, and
• EPA regional offices.
From this population, a stratified random sample of approximately 10,000
facilities was selected and surveyed. The sample was stratified by state, by
whether the facility was a TSDR facility, and by the quantity of hazardous
waste generated.
Phase II: Generator and TSDR Surveys
The Generator and TSDR Survey instruments were developed over a two-year
period in consultation with government officials and industry trade
associations. Both survey instruments were evaluated in field pretests and
revised based on the results of the pretests. The TSDR Survey was mailed in
August 1987, and the Generator Survey was mailed in December 1987.
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2. Survey Overview 13
Approximately 99 percent of the TSDR Survey instruments and 90 percent of
the Generator Survey instruments were completed and returned. After
adjusting for nonresponses, the Generator and TSDR Survey samples reflect
the complete populations of Generators and RCRA TSDR facilities,
respectively.
Because of the highly technical nature of the Generator and TSDR Surveys,
two services were provided to respondents to improve the accuracy and
completeness of responses:
• A toll-free telephone Survey Helpline was established for
respondents. The helpline handled more than 15,000 calls.
• A Survey Update newsletter was mailed periodically to all facilities
that received the questionnaires. The Update provided additional
information for completing complex questions, suggestions for
easing the burden of completing the instruments, and any corrections
to the questionnaires.
Phase III: Data Management
After receiving the completed questionnaires, selected portions of each
questionnaire were reviewed for technical accuracy. If necessary, telephone
follow-up calls were made to the facility. After editing, the data were entered
into a dedicated, secure computer. To ensure accurate keying, data were
keyed twice.
Information collected in the surveys was organized into two databases. The
TSDR Survey database contained 61 distinct files, and the Generator Survey
database contained 41 distinct files. In addition, each database included notes
Mies for each facility, which contained explanatory comments submitted by
facilities in their survey questionnaires.
Due to the nature of some of the data collected in the Generator and TSDR
Surveys, some responses were claimed as EPA Confidential Business
Information (CBI) by respondents. A separate set of stringent security
requirements was followed for managing CBI data. Because it was
determined that the CBI data did not significantly affect any of the
information presented in this report, CBI data are not included in this report.
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14 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
2.4 STATISTICAL ISSUES
Adjustments to the Weights
In the TSDR and Generator Surveys, weights are used to make estimates
about the entire population of generators and TSDR facilities based on
responses by facilities included in the sample. A weight is a factor used to
escalate from a sample measurement to an estimate for the total population.
For example, if one facility was sampled from a population of ten facilities,
multiplying (or weighting) the responses of the facility surveyed by ten gives
an estimate of the quantity for the total population.
Initially, weights were defined based on the relative sizes of the total
population and the sample of facilities that were surveyed. However, weights
were statistically adjusted based on the results of the survey for two reasons:
multiplicity and nonresponse.
First, weights had to be adjusted to correct for multiplicity in the sample frame
(the list of facilities thought to be large quantity generators in 1986).
Multiplicity occurs if a single facility is included more than once in the sample
frame. In this case, a facility may have been included more than once under
different EPA identification numbers if the owner or the name of the facility
changed and a new number was assigned. Facilities surveyed were asked to
indicate any identification numbers that had previously been assigned to that
facility. This information was used to identify multiplicity in the sample
frame, and weights were adjusted so that each facility is represented only
once.
The second adjustment to the weights was due to nonresponse (facilities that
received a survey but did not return a completed survey). Ninety percent of
facilities receiving a Generator Survey questionnaire responded, and
98 percent of facilities receiving a TSDR Survey questionnaire responded.
Weights for facilities that did respond to the Surveys were adjusted so that the
responding facilities represent the total population of facilities.
All data presented in this report use these adjusted weights to obtain estimates
for the total population of TSDR facilities and large quantity generators during
1986.
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2. Survey Overview T5
Confidence Intervals
By weighting the data from a sample survey, estimates can be made about the
total population of facilities. Confidence intervals are used to measure the
accuracy of these estimates. The confidence interval is the range of numbers
within which the true value of an estimated number will fall with a certain
known probability, based on the statistical design of the survey and the
response rates obtained. A 95 percent confidence interval means that if a
survey was conducted 100 times, the estimates would fall within the range
95 percent of the time.
For the Generator Survey, the 95 percent confidence interval for the total
number of large quantity generators nationwide in 1986 is plus or minus
575 generators, or plus or minus 5 percent of the estimate of 12,478. This
means that there is a 95 percent certainty that the actual number of generators
was between 11,903 and 13,053.
Generally, regional- and state-level estimates are less certain than the national
estimates (i.e., these estimates have larger confidence intervals in percentage
terms). This is because, all else being equal, the confidence interval increases
as the number of facilities surveyed decreases. The exception to this are
estimates for North Dakota and South Dakota. These states were censused
rather than sampled (i.e., every facility in these states received a survey) and a
100 percent response rate was achieved. Therefore, there is no sampling error
for these states, and the totals for these states are not estimates but actual
numbers reported.
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16 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
(This page is intentionally blank)
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3. Hazardous Waste Generation in 1986: Summary 17
3
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN
1986: SUMMARY
The Generator Survey contains data on "large" quantity generators
(generators) of RCRA hazardous waste in 1986. As described in Chapter 2,
generators are facilities that generated in any one month or accumulated at any
time more than 1,000 kg of RCRA hazardous waste or 1 kg of RCRA acutely
hazardous waste that was subsequently shipped offsite or managed onsite in
RCRA TSDR units. Although there are also large numbers of smaller
generators of hazardous waste that generated less than these threshold
quantities, in aggregate these small quantity generators typically account for
less than one percent of all hazardous waste generated. Throughout this
report, the term "generator" is used to refer to "large" quantity generators
only, and the data represent only hazardous waste generated by these "large"
quantity generators.
3.1 NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS
In 1986,12,478 facilities generated quantities of hazardous waste over
the thresholds specified above. Chart 3.1-1 shows the estimate of 12,478
generators and its confidence interval, corresponding to the 95 percent
confidence level (see Section 2.4.2 for an explanation of confidence
intervals). As the chart shows, the 95 percent confidence interval for the
number of generators is plus or minus 575 generators, or plus or minus 4.6
percent of the estimate of 12,478 generators. This means that there is a 95
percent certainty that the actual number of generators in 1986 is between
11,903 and 13,053.
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18
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 3.1-1 Estimated Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986
14.000 ..
12.000 ..
10.000 -•
8,000 ..
6.000 - -
4,000 ..
2.000 ..
0 L
12.478
95% Confidence Interval
(± 575 generators)
(± 4.6%)
Source: (GA1, 2,3,4.5, and 27)
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3. Hazardous Waste Generation in 1986: Summary
19
The 1986 Generator Survey, in combination with the TSDR Survey,
comprise EPA's third effort to develop national estimates of hazardous
waste generation. Chart 3.1-2 compares the 1986 estimate with the two
previous estimates: the 1981 Mail Survey and the 1985 Biennial Report In
1981, there were an estimated 14,100 generators and an estimated
21,700 generators in 1985. EPA believes that the 1985 estimate, provided by
the RCRA Biennial Reporting System, overstates the actual number of
generators in that year because many states include small quantity generators
in their reporting systems and were unable to remove them when reporting to
EPA on the number of generators (i.e., "large" quantity generators) within
their borders. When the overcounting factor is considered, the three
estimates of hazardous waste generators shown in Chart 3.1-2 are thought to
be similar.
Chart 3.1-2 Number of Hazardous Wast* Generators in 1961,1985, and 1986
21.700*
12.478
1981
1985
1986
a The 1985 Biennial Report System estimate overstates the actual population of hazardous waste generators
because some states included small quantity generators.
Source: 1981 Mail Survey, 1985 Biennial Report. (GA1,2.3,4,5. and 27)
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20
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
3.2 QUANTITIES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED
Large quantity generators generated an estimated 747.4 million tons of
hazardous waste in 1986. This quantity includes RCRA hazardous waste,
waste considered hazardous under federal regulations other than RCRA, and
waste considered hazardous in the state in which it was generated.
Non-RCRA hazardous waste accounted for approximately 3 percent of the
total quantity of hazardous waste generated.
Chart 3.2-1 shows the estimated total quantity of hazardous waste generated in
1986 and its associated 95 percent confidence interval. The 95 percent
confidence interval for the quantity of hazardous waste generated is plus or
minus 75 million tons, or plus or minus 10 percent of the estimate. Thus,
there is a 95 percent certainty that the actual quantity of hazardous waste
generated in 1986 is between 672 million and 822 million tons.
Chart 3.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Wast* Generated In 1988 (million tons)
95% Confidence Interval
(± 75 mifflon tons)
(±10%)
Source: (GA27)
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3. Hazardous Waste Generation in 1986: Summary 21
Chart 3.2-2 depicts the total quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986
divided according to the RCRA-permitting status of the TSDR units in which
these wastes were subsequently managed and according to the type of facility
that managed the hazardous waste. The chart shows three categories of
hazardous waste:
• waste managed in at least one RCRA TSDR unit,
• waste managed onfy in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities that also
manage hazardous waste in RCRA TSDR units, and
• waste managed onfy in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities that do
not have any RCRA TSDR units.
An example of a RCRA TSDR facility that manages hazardous waste in
RCRA and non-RCRA TSDR units is a facility that has a RCRA permit for
hazardous waste storage tanks and also treats hazardous waste in a
RCRA-exempt wastewater treatment system governed by a NPDES discharge
permit under the dean Water ACL An example of a non-RCRA TSDR
facility that manages hazardous waste only in non-RCRA units is a RCRA
large quantity generator that treats its hazardous waste in a RCRA-exempt
wastewater treatment system and ships the hazardous sludge residual from the
treatment system off site every other month. (Generators are allowed to
accumulate hazardous waste onsite for up to 90 days without obtaining a
RCRA storage permit)
Only 39 percent of the 747.4 million tons of hazardous waste generated in
1986 was managed in RCRA TSDR units. An additional 26 percent of the
hazardous waste was managed in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities
with RCRA units. The remaining 35 percent of hazardous waste
generated in 1986 was managed in non-RCRA TSDR units at facilities
with no RCRA units.
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1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chan 3.2-2 Quantity ol Hazardous Wasto Generated In 1986, by RCRA-Permlttlng Status of
Management Units
Managed In Non-RCRA
TSDR Units at FatiUtfes m^lfflffH>^ Managed In RCRA
with No RCRA Units X^WFrl^^^^- TSDR Units
260.4 milOon tons ^^^HfiH^^^Bk. 289.5 milGon tons
(35%) Jll^HHBranK; (39%)
Managed Exclusively In Non-RCRA
TSDR Units at Facilities with
RCRA Units
197.5 million tons
(26%)
Total Quantity Generated • 747.4 maiton ton*
Source: (A3. AS, GA27)
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3. Hazardous Waste Generation in 198$: Summary
23
Disaggregating the 747.4 million tons of hazardous waste generated in 1986
according to the RCRA regulatory status of management units enables
comparison of 1986 generation estimates with the previously described 1981
and 198S estimates. Both the 1981 and the 1985 estimates of the quantities of
hazardous waste generated include only hazardous wastes that were
subsequently managed in RCRA TSDR units. Chart 3.2-3 presents hazardous
waste generation estimates for 1981,1985, and 1986. The estimates for 1981
and 1985 are very similar to the 1986 generation estimate of quantities
subsequently managed in the RCRA-permitting system.
Chart 3.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In RCRA TSDR Untts In 1981,1985, and 1986
(million tons)
800 j
700 ••
600 ••
500 ••
400 ••
300 ••
200 ••
100 ••
0
747.4
290
289.5
457.9 mllDon tons
• Managed in Units Exempt
from RCRA Permitting
Requirements
1981
1985
1986
Source: 1981 Mall Survey, 1985 Biennial Report. (A3, GA27)
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24
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
A small percentage of the 12,478 generators accounted for most of the .
hazardous waste generation in 1986. Chart 3.2-4a illustrates the highly
skewed distribution of hazardous waste generation. The chart shows the
cumulative distribution of the quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986
and is constructed by ranking generators in descending order by the quantity
of hazardous waste generated. As indicated in the chart, the top 10 percent
of generators generated 96.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous
waste generated, or 71&2 million tons.
Chart 3.2-4a Cumulative Distribution of the Quantity of Hazardous Wast* Generated In 1986
100% T
96.1%
Percentage
of Total
Quantity
Generated
25%-
0%
-\
0% 10%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Percentage of Generators
(Ranked In descending order by quantity generated)
Source: (GA27)
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3. Hazardous Waste Generation in 1986: Summary
25
Chan 3.2-4b shows a close-up of the top 25 percent of generators ranked in
descending order by the quantity of hazardous waste generated, indicating the
following:
• The top 3 percent of generators generated 83.4 percent of the
hazardous waste (623.3 million tons).
• The top 5 percent of generators generated 89.7 percent of the
hazardous waste (670.4 million tons).
Chart 33-4b Cumulative Distribution of the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 for the
Top 25 Percent of Generators*
100% T
96.1%
Percentage 99.7%
of Total
Quantity 83.4%
Generated
0% 3% 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Percentage of Generators
(Ranked In descending order by quantity generated)
a This chart Is an enlargement of the top 25 percent of generators from Chart 3.2-4a to provide greater detail.
Source: (GA27)
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26 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 3.2-5 provides further detail of the skewness of hazardous waste
generation. The largest generator of hazardous waste generated 48.9 million
tons of hazardous waste, although the smallest generator generated less than
one ton. One-fourth of generators each generated 33 tons or less, half of the
generators generated 147 tons or less, and three-fourths generated 2,683 tons
or less.
Chart 342-5 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by Generators: Key Statistics
Quantity Generated
per Facility
(tons)
Smallest <1
First Quartite* 33
Median (Second Quartile)b 147
Third Quartile0 2,683
Average 62,431
Largest 48.941,295
8 25 percent of generators each generated 33 tons or less.
b 50 percent of generators each generated 147 tons or less.
c 75 percent of generators each generated 2,683 tons or less.
Source: QG-178(QA27)
-------
3. Hazardous Waste Generation in 1986: Summary 27
Chart 3.2-6 shows the quantities of hazardous waste generated by the largest
generators in 1986. As the chart illustrates, the top 10 generators ranked by
the quantity of hazardous waste generated Gess then 0.1 percent of all
generators) generated over 25 percent of all hazardous waste. The top SO
facilities, representing only 0.4 percent of all generators, generated half of all
the hazardous waste generated in 1986.
Chan 3.2-6 Quantity of Hazardous Wast* Generated In 1986 by the Rtty Largest Generators
Top 10 Generators
Top 20 Generators
Top 30 Generators
Top 40 Generators
Top 50 Generators8
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Additional quantity of hazardous waste managed by the additional 10 generators indicated
• The top 50 generators represent the top 0.4 percent of the 12,478 generators. These 50 facilities generated
50 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated In 1986.
Source: (GA27)
-------
28 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
(This page is intentionally blank)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated 29
4
TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
GENERATED
The Generator and TSDR Surveys contain data on the following types of
hazardous waste:
• Waste considered hazardous under RCRA. This includes hazardous
wastewater pretreated prior to discharge under a NPDES permit or to
a POTW; hazardous waste generated in a production process or a
waste treatment process; and a hazardous waste that is a
characteristic hazardous waste even though it may lose its hazardous
characteristic through mixing with other waste or by treatment
• Waste considered hazardous by the state in which it was generated or
managed
• Waste containing PCBs, asbestos, or dioxins/furans.
• Hazardous waste mixed with radioactive waste.
This chapter characterizes the types of hazardous waste generated in 1986.
4.1 RCRA AND NON-RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
Generators generated 747.4 million tons of hazardous waste in 1986. This
quantity includes both RCRA and non-RCRA hazardous wastes. Non-RCRA
hazardous wastes are wastes considered hazardous under state laws or under
federal laws other than RCRA. If a single hazardous waste stream has both
RCRA and non-RCRA hazardous constituents, the entire waste stream is
considered a RCRA hazardous waste and is subject to RCRA regulations
(based on the "mixture rule" in effect in 1987 when the surveys were
conducted).
Chart 4.1-1 shows the quantities of RCRA and non-RCRA hazardous waste
generated in 1986. Only 3.2 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste
generated, or 23.9 million tons, is non-RCRA. An additional 3.4 percent of
hazardous waste generated, or 25.8 million tons, could not be classified
because no hazardous waste description codes were reported in the Generator
Survey.
-------
30 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.1-1 Quantity of RCRA Hazardous Waste In 1986
Non-RCRA
Unknown 23.9 milOon tons
25.8 million tons 3-2%
3.4%
RCRA Hazardous
697.7 million tons
93.4%
Total quantity * 747.4 million ton*
Source: GG-186(QB10)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated 31
4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTEWATER AND NON-WASTEWATER
According to RCRA regulations, whenever hazardous wastes are introduced
into nonhazardous wastes or materials, the resulting mixture is to be managed
as a hazardous waste. In many instances, the hazardous materials amount to
extremely small portions when mixed with nonhazardous wastewaters.
Nonetheless, release of these wastes into the environment is a concern
prompting their regulation under the RCRA program.
Hazardous wastewater is water mixed with hazardous waste. Chart 4.2-1
shows that 684.4 million tons of hazardous wastewater were generated in
1986. Over 90 percent of all hazardous waste generated was wastewater.
However, less than half of the generators (43.5 percent) generated
hazardous wastewater in 1986 (see Chart 4.2-2).
Chart 42-1 Quantity of Hazardous Wastewater Generated In 1980
Hazardous
Hazardous Wastewater j^fl^ Non-Wastewater
684.4 million tons JiiS|j|i|^ 63.0 million tons
(91.6%) /.•~.yy.--.Kt^*>!ffi^Pgi^!^S^^^ (8.4%)
Total Quantity Generated » 747.4 million tons
Source: GG-196 (GA27, GB1, GB2)
-------
32
1960 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.2-2 Number of Facilities Generating Hazardous Wastewater In 1986
Generated Hazardous
Wastewater
5,426 faciCties
(43.5%)
Generated
Non-wastewater Only
7.052 facilities
(56.5%)
I
Total generators «12,478 facilities
Source: GG-178(GA20)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated
33
4.3 PHYSICAUCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Hazardous wastes can be characterized based on their physical characteristics
(e.g., solid, liquid, or sludge) and chemical characteristics (organic or
inorganic). Chart 4.3-1 shows the quantities of hazardous waste generated
with different combinations of physical and chemical characteristics. Over
80 percent of the hazardous waste generated (608.2 million tons) was
inorganic liquid. Inorganic liquids include caustic or acidic solutions, often
containing metals. The next largest category (12 percent) of hazardous waste
is organic liquids, which include organic solvents, waste oils, and petroleum
products.
Chart 4.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Wast* Generated In 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Inorganic liquid
Organic liquid
Unknown
Organic solid/sludge
Inorganic sludge
Inorganic solid
Other"
6082 million tons
89.1 million tons
31.3 million tons
7.9 million tons
6.9 million tons
3.7 million tons
0.2 million tons
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
aindudes mixtures and gases.
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2.GB10)
-------
34 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chans 4.3-2 to 4.3-6 show the industries generating the largest quantities of
each type of hazardous waste, based on the physical/chemical characteristics
of the waste. The chemical products industry (Standard Industrial
Classification [SIC] 28) generated the largest quantities of inorganic liquid,
organic liquid, and organic solid/sludge waste. The metal fabrications
industry (SIC 34) generated the largest quantity of inorganic sludge waste, and
the water transportation industry (SIC 44) was the largest generator of
inorganic solid waste.
Chart 4.3-2 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Inorganic Liquid Hazardous Waste
In 1986
SIC
Cod*
28
36
29
33
37
Description
Chemical Products
Electronics
Petroleum & Coal Products
Primary Metals
Transportation Equipment
All Other Industries
Total Inorganic Liquid
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
294.03
67.88
62.09
52.67
42.85
88.71
608.24
Percentage of Total Quantity
of Inorganic Liquid
Hazardous Waste Generated
48.3
112
102
8.7
7.0
14.6
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2, GB10)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated
35
Chart 4.3-3 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Organic Liquid Hazardous waste in 1986
SIC
Code
28
32
34
29
45
Percentage of Total Quantity
Quantity Generated of Organic Liquid
Description (million tons) Hazardous Waste Generated
Chemical Products
Stone. Clay, and Glass Products
Metal Fabrications
Petroleum & Coal Products
Air Transportation
All Other Industries
Total Organic Liquid
78.48
3.97
1.38
1.05
0.89
3.36
89.14
88.1
4.5
1.5
1.2
1.0
3.8
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2.GB10)
Chart 4.3-4 Industrie* Generating the Largest Quantities of Organic Solid/Sludge Hazardous Waste
in 1986
SIC
Cod*
28
29
25
38
Description
Chemical Products
Petroleum & Coal Products
Furniture and Fixtures
nauullWiiUf
Unknown
All Other Industries
Total Organic Solid/Sludge
Percentage of Total Quantity
Quantity Generated of Organic Solid/Sludge
(million tons) Hazardous Waste Generated
2.44
2.39
2.30
0.19
0.14
0.48
7.94
30.8
30.0
29.0
2.3
1.8
6.1
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1.GB2.GB10)
-------
36
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.3-5 Industries Generating the Largest Quantities of Inorganic Sludge Hazardous Wast*
in 1980
SIC
Cod*
34
36
28
33
37
Description
Metal Fabrications
Electronics
Chemical Products
Primary Metals
Transportation Equipment
All Other Industries
Total Inorganic Sludge
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
2.70
1.21
1.11
0.82
0.24
0.79
6.87
Percentage of Total Quantity
of Inorganic Sludge
Hazardous Waste Generated
39.3
17.6
16.2
11.9
3.5
11.5
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1. GB2.GB10)
Chart 4.3-6 Industrie* Generating the Largest Quantities of Inorganic Solid Hazardous Wast*
In 1988
SIC
Cod*
44
34
33
49
28
Description
Water Transportation
Metal Fabrications
Primary Metals
Electrical, Gas, and Sanitary
Service*
Chemical Products
All Other Industries
Total Inorganic Sold
Percentage of Total Quantity
Quantity Generated of Inorganic Solid
(million tons) Hazardous Wast* Generated
1.55
0.84
0.35
0.30
0.22
0.49
3.75
41.3
225
9.4
8.0
5.8
13.0
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2, GB10)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated
37
Chart 4.3-7 shows the numbers of facilities generating different types of
hazardous waste based on the physical/chemical characteristics of the waste.
Over 75 percent of generators, or 9,600 facilities, generated organic liquid
waste. Although inorganic liquid comprised over 80 percent of the total
quantity of hazardous waste generated, less than SO percent of generators
(5,978 facilities) generated inorganic liquid waste.
Chart 4.3-7 Number of Generators In 1986 by the Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Organic liquid
Inorganic liquid
Organic solid/sludge
Inorganic solid
Inorganic sludge
Unknown
9.600
Other 1230
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: A single facility may generate more than one type of hazardous waste. Adding the numbers of
facilities shown results In multiple counting.
Source: GG-195 (G81.GB2)
-------
38
1936 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chans 4.3-8 to 4.3-12 show the industries with the largest numbers of
facilities generating each type of hazardous waste based on the waste's
physical and chemical characteristics. The chemical products industry
(SIC 28) had the largest number of facilities generating organic liquid, organic
solid/sludge, and inorganic solid wastes. The metal fabrications industry
(SIC 34) had the largest number of facilities generating inorganic liquid and
inorganic sludge wastes in 1986.
Chart 4.3-8 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Organic Liquid Hazardous
waste in 1986
SIC
Code
28
34
36
37
35
Description
Chemical Products
Metal Fabrications
Electronics
Transportation Equipment
Nonelectrical Machinery
Ail Other Industries
Total
Percentage of Total Generators
Number of of Organic Liquid
Generators Hazardous Waste
1,683
1,122
1.027
735
602
4.431
9,600
17.5
11.7
10.7
7.7
6.3
46.2
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated
39
Chart 43-9 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Inorganic Liquid Hazardous
Waste lni98fr
SIC
Code
34
28
36
37
33
Description
Metal Fabrications
Chemical Products
Electronics
Transportation Equipment
Primary Metals
All Other Industries
Total
Percentage of Total Generators
Number of of Inorganic Liquid
Generators Hazardous Waste
1.008
942
875
527
448
4.970
5.978
16.9
15.8
14.6
8.8
7.5
83.1
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2)
Chart 4.3-10 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Organic Solid/Sludge
Hazardous Waste In 196ft
SIC
Code
28
36
34
37
35
escnption
Chemical Products
Electronics
Metal Fabrications
Transportation Equipment
Nonelectrical Machinery
All Other Industries
Total
Percentage of Total Generators
Number of of Organic Solid/Sludge
Generators Hazardous Waste
939
359
338
284
263
2.138
4.319
21.7
8.3
7.8
6.6
6.1
49.5
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2)
-------
40
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.3-11 Industrie* with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating Inorganic Solid Hazardous
Waste hi 1986
SIC
Code
28
36
34
49
33
Description
Chemical Products
Electronics
Metal Fabrications
Electrical, Gas, and Sanitary
Services
Primary Metals
All Other Industries
Total
Percentage of Total Generators
Number of of Inorganic Solid
Generators Hazardous Waste
639
508
461
432
270
1,899
4,209
15.2
12.1
11.0
10.3
6.4
45.1
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2)
Chart 4.3-12 Industries with the Largest Numbers of Facilities Generating inorganic Sludge
Hazardous Wast* in 1986
SIC
Code
34
36
33
37
28
Description
Metal Fabrications
Electronics
Primary Metals
Transponauon equipment
Chemical Products
All Other Industries
Total
Percentage of Total Generators
Number of of Inorganic Sludge
Generator* Hazardous wast*
639
418
263
221
181
797
2,519
25.4
16.6
10.4
8.8
7.2
31.6
100.0
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated 41
4.4 HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
RCRA regulations classified wastes as hazardous based on four hazard
characteristics:
• toxic,
• ignitable,
• reactive, and
• corrosive.
A single waste can exhibit more than one hazard characteristic. For example,
certain organic solvents regulated under RCRA are both toxic and ignitable.
Chart 4.4-1 shows the quantities of hazardous wastes generated in 1986
exhibiting each RCRA hazard characteristics. As the chart indicates, the
largest quantities of hazardous waste are corrosive and toxic. Over 60 percent
of hazardous wastes generated were corrosive, toxic, or corrosive and toxic.
-------
42
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by RCRA Hazard Characteristic
CerrMlw, IgnJUbto. mo**, lode
CarrMK*. i
1 toxic
ton*
Corrortv*.
t.4
0.6
04
0.2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Note: Numbers next to bars Indicate the quantity of hazardous waste generated in million tons.
Source: GG-186 (GB1, GB10)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated 43
Chart 4.4-2 shows the numbers of generators by the hazard characteristics of
their hazardous waste. Over 62 percent of generators generated toxic
hazardous wastes. Ignitable wastes and wastes that are ignitable and toxic
were also common, generated by 41 percent and 38 percent of generators,
respectively.
-------
44
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.4-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1966 by RCRA Hazard Characteristic of
Waste* Generated
Toxic
7.S81
Cwrafcw. Ignfefcte, rMetiM. toxfe
o%
25%
50%
75%
Notes: A single laa'fity may generate more than one type of hazardous waste. Adding the numbers of
facilities shown results in multiple counting.
Numbers next to bars indicate the number ol hazardous waste generators.
Source: GG-186(GB1)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous waste Generated 45
4.5 RCRA WASTE CODES
The RCRA regulations assign a four-digit code to each type of RCRA
hazardous waste (40 CFR 261.3). A single hazardous waste can have more
than one RCRA waste code if, for example, it contains more than one
hazardous constituent or the waste is both specifically listed as hazardous and
exhibits a hazard characteristic. Charts 4.5-1 and 4.5-2 show the quantities of
hazardous waste generated in 1986 by these RCRA waste codes. Chart 4.5-1
highlights some of the largest categories of RCRA waste codes, including
D002 (corrosive) and mixtures of D001, D002, and D003 (ignitable,
corrosive, and reactive, respectively). Appendix B defines the RCRA waste
codes used in the surveys.
-------
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 4.5-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by RCRA Waste Code*
Unknown
117.7 million tons
(15.7%)
D001
10.1 million tons
(1.4%)
All other mixtures /
47.7 million tons
(6.4%)
All other single codes
40.8 million tons
(5.5%)
D002
216.1 million tons
(28.9%)
Mixtures with D001-D003
211.0 million tons
(28.2%)
0003
5.2 million tons
(0.7%)
D007
29.9 million tons
(4.0%)
0008
12.3 million tons
(1.6%)
F001
4.5 million tons
(0.6%)
K048-K052
243 million tons
(3.3%)
K062
14.8 million tons
(2.0%)
Fooe
12.8 million tons
(1.7%)
Total • 747.4 million tons
a See Appendix B for a definition of RCRA waste codes.
Source: GG-193(GB10)
-------
4. Types of Hazardous Waste Generated
47
Chart 4.5-2 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by RCRA Waste Code Groups
ggaumm^ii^tusiSS **-' M. •..-.-~ -KM'-.',.. •>-,,.! TO.^ y'MH »»., mlltonloni (21 J%)
ie7.imllonBni|23.0«)
DOOllra 10.1 mBomon>(1^«)
4t.7mlloniontia.ni)
0003 H u mWen torn (fl.7*>
i7JmBanmp.4%)
12Un«M1oni(1&«%)
FM4; FOlfU'a H7nU«e
-------
43 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
(This page is intentionally blank)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated 49
5
SOURCES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
GENERATED
In 1986,12*478 generators were large" quantity generators (generators)
of hazardous waste. This chapter describes these generators, including their
locations, the industries they represent, their ownership type, and their
activities that generate hazardous waste.
5.1 LOCATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS
Hazardous waste generation is concentrated along the Gulf of Mexico, the
Great Lakes, and the East Coast, although every region of the United
States had at least some hazardous waste generation in 1986. Chart £1-1
shows the quantity of hazardous waste generated in each EPA region in 1986.
Regions V and VI generated the largest quantities of hazardous waste—-*
generating 146 million tons and 147 J million tons, respectively. Other regions
generating large quantities of hazardous waste include Region n (122.3 million
tons) and Region ffl (121.9 million tons).
Chart 5.1-2 shows the number of hazardous waste generators in each region
in 1986. Region V had the largest concentration of generators with
2,727 generators, or over 20 percent of the total number of generators.
Regions IV and K had the next largest number of generators, each having
about 14 percent of the total number of generators.
Chans 5.1-3 to 5.1-6 show the quantity of hazardous waste generated and the
number of hazardous waste generators for each state in 1986. Texas generated
the largest quantity of hazardous waste, generating 106.19 million tons or over
14 percent of the total quantity generated. California had the largest number
of hazardous waste generators, with 1,672 generators or over 13 percent of the
national totaL
-------
Chart 5.1-1 Quantity ol Hazardous Waste Generated per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity generated - 747.4 million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX todudes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the
percentage ol aU hazardous waste generated
that was generated in the region indicated.
1
3
I
I
Source: GG-184(GA27)
-------
Chart 5.1 -2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators per EPA Region In 1986
Total -12.478 generators
Note: Region II Includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX Includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X indudas Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
of aH hazardous waste generators that are located in
the region indicated.
Region VI
i
10
I
10
Source: GG-184 (GA2. GAS. GA27. GB10)
-------
52
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.1 -3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
' : CotohidcM:-:.:i?:;!' ••^f^Vjoy
- :: , Connecticut: :. 3 ;; :; \ '^, \ • ;. :; ;;;i g :-i [ I \
' :Disttk*of Columl&p;; -;f ^i-0
A i Florkteii.: ;.;;.; iU^i;i!ii^i; ^I^ K
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana ' ' • ' :
. towa •' . ' ••• :
, Kansas :
Kentucky
Louisiana: :
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
': MlJMitfiinfr'5—"'1"^^ •''•••':: •"'•••:: : • i
1 rr* ••:;'::.. ':.::: .• .. : •.••;•;:.' I1::!':-1; .':!::'1:
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Caroline
North Dakota^"-'" -T- :<£^
Onto ;<: ;;• ;;: : ;: ::•!;;:•• :;;v :;V W^\
• Oregon.:-: '•••'^•^ AjVA;.;:"" ••";
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
' Texas ";" -:'::;'^I^..r
UlfilV ' • ' •'"•"' "v'*^"*** '• '"
Vermont • . ' •• ^ . $%/lj$£-- x '
Virgin tetand : •; ,-^^^". •'':•
Vlrglnie. . . :l!:..' :':.-! "'..:
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Quantity Generated
(million tone)
9.10
<0.01*
e!e9
0.96
41.56
• :-: ; •.;.;-• ;; :;'' :.-;:•; ';j .SO-' ;- : ' :-' '••'*•'• i: * *• ^
:i::;:yi;:V:^'1S^.:.:viA?'..fK'-: :&• !\
HBiSHBii
:'^.-:::.':^.::-' €;.fft^":^--''";' :?'^ ::
""'""""""""16.62"""""""""""""""""
0.00
0.04
1.78
28.34
: 16.55.'
: 2.42.
: 4.oo
. • 19.22: • -
36.19
13.38
5.76
5.61
6Z99
2.90
j:.;'\::':i>'::" .• : • JT 3t:-::i:-:'l':--:':' ": .'.••??-/': :"':
:BlS^
4'48::'"<"""::':'";'":":"::'::'":
87.36
1.07
33.60
2.13
1 1;;;.;: s^; .;. , 0 J g.;: r ;|; S f •• • ^ ::;.;;r~
\^::^&&^gM^
::;;|;f::;;;!"Hr:H:;t9);f;:;::l-:::;|^r:;)::
"""'"" '::"":':"'"1.30'""K':'""':':'::"":"":'
4.72
6.98
0.03
28.33
'.. ,: 106.19::;:; '.:.:
2^4
0.88
o.oa
.;! .. 4t.07::;:v- .. . . .
3.33
34.80
3.89
0.01
747.39
Percentage of
Total Quantity
1.2
<0.1b
0.9
0.1
5.6
. ; •" • •; < ;:-;: : • :; :•;•; -; ;:" ^g™ '; ;:" : "; :i ;: :; :; ;:;. °s '- ?" •.. :: .; ;: • '•":: '•:.-.''•
!;K V&. I li ^ •' i i f- .t,8:.:;; *£; P ^! '-I .j: i ^ :: ? > .' "^ ?;; .- :': •.. ;; •;• I
i,|n^p:?;'^^fe|^/;:U^i:^|^
:;:;:«:.:•:! i;i; -iv; ' aj^fis^ilf fiis v"::".:'-:-;.':!;;,.?':
""""""""""""""""" 2.2"""""'""""""""" """"""""""""""
0.0
<0.1b
0.2
3.8
' 2-g- ' ' '
05 •
.. 0.5-''- '. .
; '. 2A , • ', • '-. ':.
...''• 4.6., ..'. .'...- - ' .
1.8
0.8
0.8
8.4
0.4
':':••'•'•• ;. : '. .•;;..: .•; ^ -'A Btix:/?'^:.;;.':^1::; '?-. '• ;:.:: ''-':'.': •';: . :-: 1:1"1! :":':|
,.:,,::,:,,,.-,.,,. ^g:.,:,f,,:,:.:«.o:,,,,,:,.. ,:-..:,.,,-.,:
11.7
0.1
4.5
0.3
^?^r 1 ; ilil^ '<&&a$$3it* :': :i i •• i ; :; - ? " ': : if C:
^^^Pl^^^S^IM^^^S
...^^^..^..^.a^^^^: „«„„=. r:^=::K,
0.6
0.9
<0.1*
3.8
•:.;•• ; '.: . l4i!^I?'"-H.';:.:;-..' ';C •'•';: '.'.'.
..•'•'• .: '.. -O.S'''"'''' ' v :'" '•- -: ' •
•'•; ', '' . :•:'••••<: Oit^-^,*^^ ;..-:--:. • "-':';.
;:- : O.OA* . -. •. ' • '.'.: • .': •
-••••- • . &d::y;.::.';:;- ':..::,.;.•-:•.',, ; ':' :
0.4
4.7
0.5
<0.1b
100.0
state
Rank
18
51
22
41
4
'•'•:• ;.3JS:i::'i;::;'v:i'-::';" .':; :- .
::^.:16;ij.:i:;:J::;. .:' V>- '••
3'-^?-^'' ••-• •
:"-;2i:::::;::;f:;-::. "• '::' :
"""14""""""
53
46
37
11
15.
33.. ' •
28
• ' 13 .' .:'.
T. - . -.
17
23
24
3
32
'•:: '.:2T: -""'^••':'-:'-:.::'-: '':':"'?t'"
lilll
:'"::""'26":'K:'"':" '
2
40
9
35
• '• '•• ' •ieUS"''-' ": '' :" '•" ' '•'
.'•''.'•'•'< \ty '•'"•' '-••'."' i"" .• ' •. . '
^i^SSC
,:,:... ^ „,,,.•.. :,,..,,
25
20
48
12
'•'••\ •
• '34.': .
..•:.•; 43-v./
54
:' - 9. : ,
30
8
29
50
•Loss then 10,000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states In 1986.
'lass than 0.1 percent of the total quantity ol hazardous waste generated In 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: GG-184(GA27)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
S3
Chart 5.1-4 Quantity of Hazardous Wast* Generated by State In 1986, In Descending Order
State
Quantity Generated
(mllllo
lion tons!
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Texas
New Jersey
Michigan
California
Virginia
106.19
87.36
62.99
41.56
41.07
11.7
8.4
5.6
5.5
Illinob
Tennesse*
Kentucky
Georgia
Indiana
.:-;-:^-:
'. N»*Muit~""— *
Arkansas
Delaware
Vermont
Nebraska
North Dakota
Nevada
Wahoii
Alaska
District of Columbia
Guam
Virgin bland
-
<0.01*
0.00
0.00
& JH^% v«ip:; ^ •*?•-.:?
-:.•••;•,•;; • •:.:• i^^fOilff^"^ :" •:- • ->
-:^:-'-'«'-''.-.-;.'••:::.':•• J.v'^T'iiWvjJ.i.s.-. •••.-.• . • ..
.^•.<--~ -:• .... '.4tX£&i:""-'.--W'--;-
¥*%•
•• .'-;•'..•';'-<«4*^i% w?-^.,:-"
ifi'; i-Vikiisiii-.^fcl^^cli i; .iiiK&iX*;
<0.1b
<0.1"»
0.0
0.0
Total
747.39
100.0
•Lew than 10.000 tons of hazardous wast* were geiwatsd In OMM statas In 1986.
IMS than 0.1 parcant of In* total quantity of hazardous wast* g«n«ntad bi 1986 was gtnaratad In th«M state*.
Souroa: GG-134(GA27)
-------
54
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart s.1-5 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
^^'^"Sf^siP^^iK^^ffi^.
H' Defan^^liti: ?ttli$M+
^Dtoriciofaaiu^^
' ;": . Flortdalsia;;: J::i:: $$%?< > ? :! S ;! £ :.,;. :; jr /; ; ] U ': / ;. r -: •: 1 i ^
Louisiana; s.'.1?;'?^ ••>:•• :: j-: :; ;; ' V ••• : ! :•' -";
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
;:: -Uttmi*^Hilru&*f''*!'" P*'* ' -'' "'•'•••' •''•'.' >'f ^\":;
M&SOUti i-: .:; • ? '•':• *'&& ' 1 ;: ••• •• "': ; : . ?X ; ' *v
:- MontaflKJ-i:^^^'"' ''irV^.^.v
.'; •NebjaskaoilV-v*'^-? • ^H?.-ti:;;
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
•' Nortfr Dakota^ ^ os : ^ '• •" ' •: ri-1*''' v; :- : ' ' : :' ' :~
g^-x:-,-: :;•.;••;•;;;;.; ^^2'^
Qfegofi::.-.'- •••' :.. -•:.'' :v. •••••••*• • ••• -<•
PenruyfvardK^::^ : •'••• ••**•• •*••:•'
Puerto Rico "" """ "" ""
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas, ''""""•Tt^P^^^ *!"'<
Utah" : - ' ' ? •Ss*$$$$$$$£, '•'. -.- •
Vermont :- • : .•'. 1*i«^^^^'!-''
Virgin (stand !.- •-i&:••:/;.;;;:::,:'•. .v.
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyomino
Total
Number of Percentage of State
Generators Total Number Rank
162
9
88
106
1,672
^&^$'$:W;ty?MK
i i * :: 4i I •- -2F :--:;!: • :- 1 iv i: *'! ^ ^* i;l ?. ;: :! i; ? ;; ; ;:
!•; * :; f:*:?;"-! 1 :-• S^lP it? ^s %! ?i ;?'-: 1.5; 1 ; 1 H ^ * ^
:•" S:'::.: i ;: i.'244^^ ;: *'' •: :;: -: ': ;- :::iS*:- '; :• '• '• :' :: :^ ^
,,,,,,..,2o2,,,:,,:-:,,-:H,-,,,:.,::,,,..,,:,,.;,,:.
0
17
13
685
i'::':i '^ 37f :-'-. '; • : •'•":•'
•>M:: 106 :':. . .
•H"'-.'::?' '95-: •.••'.:.' : .' ': '.
.'•••"; ; • 167;:-.' • •
••::•- .':' 149 •-: • . ' '
58'"
156
678
474
.:^,N:.,214W,,.,, :,....,..,„,.„,.„
•'', \ '.'- ^: '• :: V^:"1,1'-' ''•;•:•:• ^' '-:'i'-':v :..-': i :
.-l;-;'^-''^ > 4 Oft?*:^'^::" f "' ••• •'•''• *$'*•'• ' :• '
^0 ^; : -|:t sl;?;; :':';. '.:-.;: •! J;\'i-:|''>; .'^w
r'Sii^i-'sW^^^^Jr^t^}^
:...:.,,.. ^rs^^,,:^,.,^^ >„>,«-
864
24
540
406
••"^••'1 ..^'•T&'-^/^.'^X?:- ^*?=v
,;•:: .v^; 654^:.K ,-:;;••::;• ^ j-. '.; |f.;: .'.| ::^
^ : %i • 1:«S^;- V; • Vv::^.^:^
' -^iii : 838'-%ii-'- : - ' . : ' -:' '' :: --i' .':ii ^
»..^.« ,,.,„,. :,...,.,1^..x,^»
112
173
8
298
••;;;;'; 84d-:.-:. • ''' ' ' •
:'"••; :- 6fi::;-
'•'•'•" 3«... ' .
0
224-:- -
171
65
329
7
12.478
1.3
0.1
0.7
0.8
13.4
^vfcSl^;
:l''^.-all::li
:;•:;•:> i^Oijiifi
'^"••'•i.id^fe
"""" 1.6":':""'
0.0
0.1
0.1
5.5
••.'• 3.0- ':.'-
0.8 •
' ': Q.& ' •
•• 1.3.' •
1.2"."
0.5
1.3
5.4
3.8
•>,.- ..1'7,x^
'•;j?;i;^ ^j1;?:::;:-
.U"Jj:(£|£^,^
|E:-VO^^|
"" ':" o.7":B:'i:
6.9
0.2
4.3
3.3
.K:'?;'.: ft|?^r
5t^:*%|;
i^oSlf
iiifz'i' 9j%-**'>a,
X*VKI"0.5""
0.9
1.4
0.1
2.4
' . 6.S.v..:-
05-:. '•.
as
ao
13
1.4
0.5
Z6
0.1
100.0
23
48
33
28
1
•^•^'^^•^•^^••/.fi^.
^^•f^'^-^^'--^^'^'-.
^^^^;-.:y^'=52feX-A -:i-.f •.. :• ^ -.•.;• ..> '.>••• ' '• «)X: : "..-;••'• : ' ^^
viv^1::^'::'1^' -''-^' -::- :\' ^j: -^t^:' ^ :. "••
;: : .:.: ... •-.;. . , '.:•••••: •' •• :' ' .' :. ' aytf •-.'..•
'• ' '.''''."•'•• :: : i^y- '"''••- ".•:*••;' •"•'•' :
: .,-,,. ^
2
43
8
10
$£-•;?..• •^•'- '.•••'••• ttf-. -•. •'
•• •',' .'.'-."•'•'• • ' . -f., : • • •. 7 ' ' •
'$&A£ :••-- :'-;:'=.|If ==•'••;•='•,
•::•', -: ' •?:•:': '•'•'• • ': '"•"•'•• -''I':' "' ': '
»*.*:„.,.,„ ;,,,,.:. ..:,,^.. :..::.. ....
27
20
49
14
'. •" •' '•' 3 '
" • '. ' 3ft
41
5*
ie .
21
37
12
51
Source: GG-184(GAZ GA5.GA27.GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
55
Chart 5.14 Nuntter of Hazardous Wast* Generators by State In 1986, In Descending Order
NumlMr of
Generators
Percentage of
TotilNumtw
California
New Jersey
Texas
Pennsylvania
Illinois
!**
Vermont
Delaware
New Mexico
Hawaii
Nevada
Idaho:
Montana^
District of Columbia
Guam
virgin Island
Source: GG-184 (GAZ GAS. GA27. GB10)
-------
56
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
5.2 INDUSTRIES GENERATING HAZARDOUS WASTE
Chan 5.2-1 shows the five industries (based on two-digit SIC codes) that
generated the largest quantities of hazardous waste in 1986. The chemical
products industry (SIC 28) generated 383 million tons of hazardous
waste, over half of all hazardous waste generated in the U.S. in 1986. The
other industries in Chart 5.2-1 (electronics, petroleum and coal products,
primary metals, and transportation equipment) each generated between 7 and
9 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste.
Chart 5.2-1 Largest General Industries by the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated
SIC 28 Chemical Products
SIC 36 Electronic*
SIC 29 Petroleum a Coal Products
SIC 33 Primary Metals
SIC 37 Transportation Equipment
Al Other Industrie*
-I
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Numbers following bars indcale the quantity of hazardous waste generated In million tons.
Source: GG-190(GA6,GA27)
Charts 5.2-2 to 5.2-11 provide greater detail on the quantities of hazardous
waste generated by the five largest industries. Charts 5.2-2,5.2-4,5.2-6,
5.2-8, and 5.2-10 show the specific industries (defined by four-digit SIC code)
generating the largest quantities of hazardous waste in each of the top five
general industries (two-digit SIC codes) specified in Chart 5.2-1. These charts
provide more specific information on the types of activities that generate
hazardous waste.
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
57
Chans 5.2-3,5.2-5,5.2-7,5.2-9, and 5.2-11 indicate the types of hazardous
waste generated by the top five industries from Chart 5.2-1. The charts
classify hazardous wastes based on their physical (i.e., liquid, solid, or sludge)
and chemical (i.e., organic or inorganic) characteristics. For each of the top
five industries, inorganic liquid waste was the largest quantity of hazardous
waste generated.
Chart 5.2-2 Most Common Specific Industries In the Chemical Products Industry (SIC 28) by the
Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (by 4-Dlgtt SIC)
SIC
2869
2821
2892
2865
2812
Description
Organic Chemical
Plastics and Resins
Explosives
CycSc Crudes
AJkales and Chlorine Chemical Products
All Other Chemical Products Industries
Total Chemical Products Industry
Quantity
Generated
(million tons)
160.55
69.99
28.08
27.98
18.80
77.99
383.39
Percentage of
Total Quantity
for Industry
(SIC 28)
41.9
18.3
7.3
7.3
4.9
20.3
100.0
Number
of
Generators
266
258
24
63
37
1.485
2.133
Source: GG-190(GA6,GA27)
Chan 5.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous waste Generated by the Chemical Products Industry (SIC 28) In
1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Inorganic Liquid
Organic Liquid
Organic Sold/Sludge
Unknown
Inorganic Sludg*
Inorganic SoDd
Other*
Total Chemical Products Industry
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
294.03
78.48
2.44
2.31
1.11
022
0.01
383.39
Percentage of Total Quantity
for SIC 28
76.7
20.5
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.1
<0.1
100.0
alndudes mixtures and gases.
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2, GB10)
-------
1966 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.2-4 Most Common Specific Industries In the Electronics Industry (SIC 36) by the Quantity of
Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (by 4-Dlglt SIC)
SIC
3674
3679
3639
3672
3661
Description
Semiconductors
Electronic Components
Household Appflances
TV Pictures Tubes
Telephone Apparatus
All Other Electronics Industries
Total Electronics Industry
Quantity
Generated
(million tons)
34.20
12.49
4.23
2.73
2.23
12.25
68.13
Percentage of
Total Quantity
for Industry
(SIC 36)
50.2
18.3
6.2
4.0
3.3
18.0
100.0
Number
of
Generators
168
263
11
10
34
715
1,201
Source: GG-190 (GA6, GA27)
Chart 5.2-5 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Electronics Industry (SIC 36) in 1986 by
Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Inorganic Liquid
Inorganic Sludge
Organic Liquid
Inorganic SoOd
Unknown
Organic Sold/Sludge-
Other*
Total Electronics Industry
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
67.88,
1.21
0.49
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
68.13
Percentage of Total Quantity
for SIC 39
99.6
1.8
0.7
0.1
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
100.0
alndudes mixtures and gases.
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2. GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
59
Chart 52-6 Most Common Specific Industrie* In the Petroleum and Coal Industry (SIC 29) by thr
Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated in 1966 (by 4-Dlgit SIC)
SIC
2911
2999
2992
Description
Petroleum Refining
Petroleum and Coal Products
Lubricating Oils and Greases
All Other Petroleum and Coal Industries
Total Petroleum and Coal Industry
Quantity
Generated
(million tons)
65.18
1.25
0.10
0.01
66.54
Percentage of
Total Quantity
for Industry
(SIC 29)
98.0
1.9
0.2
<0.1
100.0
Number
of
Generators
203
30
24
4
261
Source: GG-190 (GA6, GA27)
Chart S.2-7 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Petroleum and Coal Industry (SIC 29) In
1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Inorganic Liquid
Organic SoBd/Sludge
Organic Liquid
Other*
Inorganic Sludge
Inorganic Solid
Unknown
Total Petroleum and Coal Industry
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
62.09
2.39
1.05
0.14
0.13
0.09
0.05
66.54
Percentage of Total Quantity
for SIC 29
93.3
3.6
1.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
100.0
•includes mixtures and gases.
Source: GG-195(G81,GB2,GB10)
-------
60
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.2* Moat Common Specific Industries In the Primary Metals Industry (SIC 33) by the Quantity
of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (by 4-Dlgtt SIC)
SIC
3312
3321
3361
3315
3317
Description
Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills
Gray Iron Foundries
Aluminum Foundries
Steel Wire
Steel Pipe and Tubes
All Other Primary Metal Industries
Total Primary Metal Industries
Quantity
Generated
(million tons)
30.46
5.78
5.44
3.04
2.20
10.35
57.27
Percentage of
Total Quantity
for industry
(SIC 33)
53.2
10.1
9.5
5.3
3.8
18.1
100.0
Number
of
Generators
107
66
5
57
48
448
731
Source: GG-190(GA6, GA27)
Chart 5.2-9 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Primary Metals Industry (SIC 33) In 1989
by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Inorganic Liquid
Unknown
Inorganic Sludge
Inorganic SoDd
Organic Liquid
Organic Sold/Sludge
Other*
Total Primary Metals Industry
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
52.67
0.95
0.82
0.35
0.03
0.02
<0.01
57.27
Percentage of Total Quantity
for SIC 33
92.0
1.7
1.4
0.6
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
100.0
"Includes mixtures and gases.
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2. GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
61
Chart 5.2-10 Most Common Specific Industries In the Transportation Equipment Industry (SIC 37) by
the Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 (by 4-Dlglt SIC)
SIC
3721
3711
3714
3724
Description
Aircraft
Motor Vehicle Bodies
Motor Vehicle Parts
Aircraft Parts
All Other Transportation Equipment
Industries
Total Transportation Equipment Industry
Quantity
Generated
(million tons)
15.31
12.79
9.92
5.49
7.57
51.08
Percentage of
Total Quantity
for Industry
(SIC 37)
30.0
25.0
19.4
10.7
14.9
100.0
Number
of
Generators
62
98
256
52
320
788
Source: GG-190 (GA6, GA27)
Chart 5.2-11 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Transportation Equipment Industry
(SIC 37) In 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Inorganic Liquid
Unknown
Organic Liquid
Inorganic Sludge
Inorganic Solid
Organic SoOd/Sludge
Other*
Total Transportation Equipment
Industry
Quantity Generated
(million tons)
42.85
1.81
0.64
0.24
0.07
0.03
0.01
51.08
Percentage of Total Quantity
for SIC 37
83.9
3.5
1.3
0.5
0.1
0.1
<0.1
100.0
alndudes mixtures and gases.
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2. GB10)
-------
62
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.2-12 indicates the industries with the largest numbers of hazardous
waste generators in 1986. The chemical products industry (SIC 28), which
generated the largest quantity of hazardous waste in 1986 (see Chart 5.2-1)
also had the largest number of hazardous waste generators. Although the
chemical products industry generated over half of all hazardous waste, it
included only 17 percent of all generators. Other industries with large
numbers of generators include the metal fabrications (SIC 34) and electronics
(SIC 36) industries, with 14 percent and 10 percent of all hazardous waste
generators, respectively.
Chart 52-12 Largest General Industries by the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986
SIC 28 Chemical Product*
SIC 34 Matal Fabrications
SIC 36 Electronic*
SIC 37 Tranaportaflan Equipment
SIC 33 Primary Matal*
SIC 35 Nonalacafcal MacMnwy
SIC49 Electrical, Qaa, and
Sanitary Sarvtca*
All Ottw indu«trl«*
0%
2.133
4.560
25%
50%
Note: Numbers following bars Indfcate number of hazardous waste generators.
Source: GG-190(QA6>-
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated 63
Chans 5.2-13,5.2-15,5.2-17, 5.2-19, and 5.2-21 provide additional
information on industries with the largest numbers of hazardous waste
generators. For each of the top five general industries (defined by two-digit
SIC codes) from Chan 5.2-12, the specific industries (four-digit SIC codes)
with the largest numbers of generators are shown.
Charts 5.2-14,5.2-16, 5.2-18, and 5.2-20 indicate the types of hazardous
waste generated by the top five industries from Chart 5.2-12. The charts
classify hazardous wastes based on their physical (i.e., liquid, solid, or sludge)
and chemical (i.e., organic or inorganic) characteristics. For the chemical
products, metal fabrications, electronics, and transportation equipment
industries, organic liquid waste was generated by the largest number of
facilities. Inorganic liquid was generated by the largest number of facilities in
the primary metals industry.
-------
64
1966 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.2-13 Moat Common Specific Industrie* In the Chemical Products Industry (SIC 28) by the
Number ol Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986 (by 4-Dlglt SIC)
SIC
2851
2869
2821
2899
2893
Description
Paints
Industrial Organic Chemicals
Plastics and Resins
Chemical Preparations
Printing Ink
All Other Chemical Products Industries
Total Chemical Products Industry
Number
of
Generators
441
266
258
168
131
839
2,133
Percentage of
Total Generators
for industry
(SIC 28)
20.7
12.5
12.1
7.9
6.1
40.7
100.0
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
0.49
160.55
69.99
1.04
0.01
151.31
383.39
Source: GG-190(GA6. GA27)
Chart 52-14 Number of Facilities In the Chemical Products Industry (SIC 28) Generating Hazardous
Waste In 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristic*
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Organic Uquid
Inorganic Liquid
Organic Sold/Sludge
Inorganic Solid
Unknown
Inorganic Sludge*
Other*
Number
of Generators
1,683
942
939
639
235
181
62
Percentage of Total
Generators for SIC 28
78.9
44.2
44.0
30.0
11.0
8.5
2.9
"includes mixtures and gases.
Note: A single fadfty can generate more than one type of hazardous wastes. Therefore, adding the
numbers of generators results In multiple counting.
Source: GQ-195 (GB1. GB2, GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
65
Chart 5.2-15 Most Common Specific Industries In the Metal Fabrication Industry (SIC 34) by the
Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986 (by 4-Dlgtt SIC)
SIC
3471
3499
3479
3451
Description
Plating and Polishing
Fabricated Metal Products
Metal Coating
Screw Machine Products
All Other Metal Fabrication Industries
Total Metal Fabrication Industry
Number
of
Generators
427
139
138
114
878
1.696
Percentage of
Total Generators
for Industry
(SIC 34)
25.2
8.2
8.1
6.7
51.8
100.0
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
14.72
1.67
4.83
0.27
26.48
47.97
Source: GG-190 (GA6, GA27)
Chan 5.2*16 Number of Facilities In the Metal Fabrications Industry (SIC 34) Generating Hazardous
Waste In 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Organic Liquid
Inorganic Liquid
Inorganic Sludge
Inorganic Solid
Organic SoBd/Sludge
Unknown
Other*
Number
of Generators
1,122
1.008
639
461
338
137
9
Percentage of Total
Generators for SIC 34
66.2
59.4
37.7
27.2
19.9
8.1
0.5
"Includes mixtures and gases.
Note: A single fadlty can generate more than one type of hazardous wastes. Therefore, adding the
numbers of generators results in multiple counting.
Source: GG-195 (GB1. GB2, GB10)
-------
66
1966 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 3.2-17 MOM Common Specific Industrie* In the Electronic* Industry (SIC 36) by the Numbs? of
Hazardous Waste Generator* In 1986 (by 4-DlgK SIC}
SIC
3679
3674
3629
3662
3621
Description
Electronic Components
Semiconductors
Electrical Industrial Apparatus
Radio and TV Equipment
Motors and Generators
All Other Electronics Industries
Total Electronics Industry
Number
Of
Generator*
263
16S
90
66
54
560
1.201
Percentage of
Total Generator*
for Industry
(SIC 36)
21.9
14.0
7.5
5.5
4.5
46.6
100.0
Quantity
Managed
(million ton*)
12.49
34.20
0.16
1.40
0.49
19.39
68.13
Source: GG-190(GA6. GA27)
Chart 52-18 Number of Facilities in the Electronic* Industry (SIC 38) Generating Hazai
1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristic*
j* Waste In
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Organic Liquid
Inorganic Liquid
Inorganic So Dd
Inorganic Sludge
Organic Sold/Sludge
Unknown
Other*
Numb*?
of Generator*
1,027
875
508
418
359
122
34
Percentage of Total
Generators hx SIC 36
85.5
723
423
344
29.9
10.2
2.8
aindudes mixtures and gases.
Note: A single fadMy can generate more than one type of hazardous wastes. Therefore, adding the
numbers of generators results In multiple counting.
Source: GG-195 (GB1.GB2 GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
67
Chan 52*19 Most Common Specific Industries In the Transportation Equipment Industry (SIC 37) by
the Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986 (by 4-Dlglt SIC)
SIC
3714
3728
3711
3721
3724
Description
Motor Vehicle Parts
Aircraft Equipment
Motor Vehicle Bodies
Aircraft
Aircraft Parts
All Other Transportation Equipment
Industries
Total Transportation Equipment
Industry
Number
of
Generators
256
124
98
62
52
196
788
Percentage of
Total Generators
for Industry
(SIC 37)
32.5
15.7
12.4
7.9
6.6
24.9
100.0
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
9.92
1.74
12.79
15.31
0.00
11.32
51.08
Source: GG-190 (GA6, GA27)
Chart 52-20 Number of Facilities in the Transportation Equipment Industry (SIC 37) Generating
Hazardous Waste In 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Physical/Chemical Characteristic
Organic Liquid
Inorganic Liquid
Organic SoloVSIudge
Inorganic Solid
Inorganic Sludge
Unknown
Other*
Number
of Generators
735
527
284
267
221
79
11
Percentage of Total
Generators for SIC 37
93.3
66.9
36.0
33.9
28.0
10.0
1.4
alndudes mixtures and gases.
Note: A single fadity can generate more than one type of hazardous wastes. Therefore, adding the
numbers of generators results In multiple counting.
Source: GG-195 (GB1, GB2, GB10)
-------
68
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.2-21 Most Common Specific Industries In the Primary Metals Industry (SIC 33) by ths-
Nurnbetol Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986 (by 4-Dlglt SIC)
SIC
3312
3321
3399
3341
3315
Description
Blast Furnace and Steel Mills
Gray Iron Foundries
Primary Metal Products
Secondary Nonferrous Metals
Steel Wire
All Other Primary Metals Industries
Total Primary Metal Industry
Number
of
Generators
107
66
62
60
57
379
731
Percentage of
Total Generators
for Industry
(SIC 33)
14.6
9.0
8.5
8.2
7.8
51.9
100.0
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
30.46
5.78
1.62
0.93
3.04
15.44
57.27
Source: GG-190 (GA6. GA27)
Chart 52-22 Number of Facilities In the Primary Metals Industry (SIC 33) Generating Hi
waste in 1986 by Physical/Chemical Characteristic*
irdous
Physical/Chemical Charactertstte.
Inorganfc Liquid
Organic Liquid
Inorganic SoOd
Inorganic Sludge
Organic SoBd/Sludge
Unknown
Other*
Number
of Generator*
448
378
270
263
136
71
5
Percentage of Total
Generators for SIC 33
61.3
51.7
36.9
36.0
18.6
9.7
0.7
alndudes mixtures and gases.
Note: A single fadlty can generate more than one type of hazardous wastes. Therefore, adding the
numbers of generators results In multiple counting.
Source: GG-195 (GB1,GB2,GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
69
5.3 OWNERSHIP TYPE
Over 93 percent (11,662) of the generators of hazardous waste in 1986
were privately owned companies. These facilities generated 693.5 million
tons of hazardous waste in 1986,93 percent of all hazardous waste
generated. Federally owned facilities was the the next most common type
of generator. Over 300 federally owned facilities (2.6 percent of
generators) generated 47 million tons of hazardous waste in 1986, or
6.3 percent of all hazardous waste. Charts 5.3-1 and 5.3-2 present these
findings.
Chart 5.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by Ownership Type
Private
Federal
Local
Unknown
State
693.5
47.0
2.8
2.3
1.8
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Numbers following, bars indicate quantity of hazardous waste generated in million tons.
Source: GG-188(GA8. GA27)
-------
70
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.3-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Generators In 1986 by Ownership Type •
Private
Unknown
Federal
State
Local
359
323
68
66
0%
25%
50%
75%
11,662
—I
100%
Note: Numbers following bars indicate number of hazardous waste generators.
Source: GQ-188(QA8)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
71
5.4 ACTIVITIES GENERATING HAZARDOUS WASTE
Activities generating hazardous waste can be grouped as primary or secondary
and as routine or nonroutine. Primary sources of hazardous waste include all
production-related activities at a facility. Secondary sources are waste
management activities (e.g., ash generated from incineration of hazardous
waste). Routine sources are activities that occur regularly as pan of business
activity, including waste from process operations and routine cleaning and
maintenance activities. Non-routine sources are activities that occur
sporadically, such as a the closure of a tank or the discontinuation of a
production line.
Chan 5.4-1 sorts the quantity of hazardous waste generated by the type of
activity that generated the waste. Over 70 percent of all hazardous waste
(528.8 million tons) was generated through primary/routine activities.
Charts 5.4-2 to 5.4-6 show the most common waste-generating activities (by
the quantity of hazardous waste generated) for each category of wastes in
Chart 5.4-1.
Chan 5.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986 by the Activity Generating the Waste
(million tons)
Waste Source
Category
Primary
Secondary
Unknown
Total
Routine
528.8
126.7
0.0
655.5
Non-Routine
11.1
5.2
4.1
20.4
Unknown
0.0
0.0
71.5
71.5
Total
539.9
131.9
75.6
747.4
Note: Primary sources ol hazardous waste are production-related activities. Secondary sources are waste
management activities. Routine sources are activities that occur regularly as part ol business activity.
Non-routine sources are activities that occur sporaoTcally (e.g.. spills, closure of a tank, etc.).
Source: GG-187 (QB4.QB10)
-------
72
1960 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.4-2 Most Common Sources of Primary/Routine* Hazardous Wast* Generation by Quantity
Generated In 1988
Other Production Processes
Electroplating
Hydrogenation
Distillation and Fractionation
Nitration
Rckilng
Spray Rinsing
Other
106.1
168.1
H
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Bars show the percentage of the total quantity of hazardous waste from primary/routine sources that-
was generated by trie type of source indicated. Numbers following bars Indicate quantity of hazardous
waste generated In mUlon tons.
aPrimary/reutJne sources of hazardous waste are production-related activities that occur regularly as part of
business activity.
Source: GG-187(GB4,GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
73
Chart 5.4-3 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Routine1 Hazardous Waste Generation by the
Quantity Generated In 1986
Wastewater Treatment
Incineration
Quench Cooling
Regenerating
Other
78.5
11
8.1
10
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Bars show the percentage of the total quantity of hazardous waste from secondary/routine sources
that was generated by the type of source indicated. Numbers following bars indicate quantity of
hazardous waste generated In million tons.
aSecondary/routine sources of hazardous waste are waste management activities that occur routinely as pan
of business activity.
Source: GG-187 (GB4. GB10)
-------
74
1966 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 544 Moat Common Source* of Prlmary/Non-RoutliM* Hazardous Wast* Generattorv by tho
Quantity Generated In 1986
Clean Out of Production
Discarding of Off-Spec Material
Discarding of Out-of-Date Material
10.9
0.2
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Bars show the percentage of the total quantity of hazardous waste from primary/non-routine sources.
that was generated by the type of source Indicated. Numbers following bars indicate quantity of
hazardous waste generated In million tons.
aPrlmary/non-routine sources of hazardous waste are production-related activities that occur sporacfically
(e.g.. accidental or one-time activities).
Source: GG-187(GB4,GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
75
Chart 54-5 Moat Common Sources of Secondary/Non-Routlne* Hazardous Waste Generation by the
Quantity Generated in 1986
Clean-up Spill Residues
Other Remedial Action
Closure of Surface Impoundments
0.4
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Bars show the percentage of the total quantity of hazardous waste from secondary/non-routine
sources that was generated by the type of source Indicated. Numbers following bars indicate quantity
of hazardous waste generated in million tons.
aSecondary/non-routlne sources of hazardous waste are waste management activities for wastes that occur
sporadically (e.g., from accidental or one-time activities).
Source: GG-187 (GB4. GB10)
-------
76
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.4-6 Most Common Unknown Sources of Non-Routine* Hazardous Wast* Generation by the
Quantity Generated In 1986
Accidental Spills
Other Clean Out or Closure
Other One-Time Activities
0.3
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Bars show the percentage of the total quantity of hazardous waste from unknown/non-routine sources
that was generated by the type of source indicated. Numbers following bars indicate quantity of i
hazardous waste generated in million tons.
aUnknown/non-routine sources of hazardous waste are activities that occur sporadfcally and cannot be
categorized as primary (production-related) or secondary (waste management).
Source: GG-187(GB4, GB10)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
77
Chart 5.4-7 shows the number of generators by the source of the hazardous
waste they generated: primary or secondary and routine or non-routine. Over
80 percent of generators (10,221 facilities) generated hazardous waste
from primary/routine sources. Charts 5.4-8 to 5.4-12 show the waste
generating activities conducted by the largest numbers of generators for each
category of generators in Chart 5.4-7.
Chart 5.4-7 Number of Generators in 1986 by the Source of their Hazardous Waste
Waste Source
Category
Primary
Secondary
Unknown
Routine
10,221
2,983
0
Non-Routine
3,842
1,548
1,993
Unknown
0
0
2,191
Notes: Primary sources of hazardous waste are production-related activities. Secondary sources are waste
management activities. Routine sources are activities that occur regularly as part of business activity.
Non-routine sources are activities that occur sporadically (e.g.. spills, closure of a tank, etc.).
A single facility can generate hazardous waste from more than one source. Adding the numbers
results In multiple counting.
Source: GG-187(GB4)
-------
79
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.4-S Most Common Sources of Primary/Routine1 Hazardous Waste Generation by the Number
of Generators per Source In 1986
Other Production Processes
Surface Coating
Vapor Oegreasing
Other Cleaning/Decreasing
Dip Rinsing
Electroplating
Stripping
25%
50%
75%
100%
Notes: Bars show the percentage of aD fadBties generating hazardous waste from primary/routine sources
that had the type of source Indicated. Numbers following bars InoTcate number of generators.
A single fadlty can generate hazardous waste from more than one source. Adding the numbers
results In multiple counting.
•Primary/routine sources of hazardous waste are production-related activities that occur regularly as part of
business activity.
Source: QG-187(GB4)
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
79
Chart 5.4-9 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Routine* Hazardous Wast* Generation by the
Number of Generators per Source In 1986
Wastewater Treatment
Other Pollution Control/Treatment
Filtering/Screening
Dewatering
1,631
439
202
H
25%
50%
75%
100%
Notes: Bars show the percentage of all facilities generating hazardous waste from secondary/routine sources
that had the type of source indicated. Numbers following bars indicate number of generators.
A single facility can generate hazardous waste from more than one source. Adding the numbers
results In multiple counting.
aSecondary/routine sources of hazardous waste are waste management activities that occur routinely as part
of business activity.
Source: GG-187(GB4)
-------
80
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 54-10 Most Common Sources of Primary/Non-Routine* Hazardous Waste Generation by the-
Number of Generators per Source In 1986
Clean Out of Production
Discarding of Off-Spec Material
Discarding of Qut-of-Date Material
2,062
1.405
1.252
o%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Notes: Bars show the percentage of all fatiBties generating hazardous waste from primary/non-routlne
sources that had the type of source Indicated. Numbers following bars Indicate number of generators.
A single fatilty can generate hazardous waste from more than one source. Adding the numbers
results In multiple counting.
aPrlmary/non-routJne sources of hazardous waste are production-related activities that occur sporadically
(e.g.. from accidental or one-time activities}.
Source: GG-137(GB4>
-------
5. Sources of Hazardous Waste Generated
81
Chart 5.4-11 Most Common Sources of Secondary/Non-Routlne* Hazardous Waste Generation by the
Number of Generators per Source In 1986
Clean-up of Spill Residue
Other Remedial Action
Discarding Contaminated
Clean-up Equipment
857
560
212
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Notes: Bars show the percentage of all facilities generating hazardous waste from seoondary/non-routine
sources that had the type of source Indicated. Numbers following bars indicate number of generators.
A single fadfty can generate hazardous waste from more than one source. Adding the numbers
results In multiple counting.
aSecondary/non-routine sources of hazardous waste are waste management activities for wastes that occur
sporadically (e.g., from accidental or one-time activities).
Source: GG-187(GB4)
-------
82
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 5.4-12 Most Common Unknown Sources of Non-Routine1 Hazardous Waste Generation by the
Numbs* of Generators per Source Ini986
Other One-Time Processes
Other Clean-out Processes
Accidental Spills
0%
1.198
673
25%
50%
75%
100%
Notes: Bare show the percentage of all facilities generating hazardous waste from unknown/non-routlne
sources that had the type of source Indicated. Numbers following bars indicate number of generators.
A single fadtty can generate hazardous waste from more than one source. Adding the numbers
results In multiple counting.
aUnknowrVnon-routine sources of hazardous waste are activities that occur sporadcally and cannot be
categorized as primary (production-related) or secondary (waste management).
Source: GGM87(GB4)
-------
6. Hazardous Waste Management 33
6
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
In 1986,8^66 facilities treated, stored, disposed of, or recycled hazardous
waste. This number includes facilities that treated or recycled hazardous
waste in units exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements but does not
include facilities that only accumulated hazardous waste for less than 90
days in RCRA-exempt units. Also, the number only includes waste
management facilities that are also large quantity generators (and
therefore included in the Generator Survey) or have a RCRA permit (and
therefore are included in the TSDR Survey). This chapter describes waste
management facilities, as defined by the above criteria, and their hazardous
waste management in 1986.
6.1 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BY RCRA PERMITTING STATUS
RCRA regulations require permits for most units used to treat or dispose of
hazardous wastes. Units used for certain recycling and recovery activities and
units used to treat hazardous wastewater subject to the Clean Water Act are
generally exempt from RCRA-permitdng requirements. Chart 6.1-1 shows
the quantities of hazardous waste by the RCRA-permitting status of the TSDR
units in which the waste was subsequently managed and the type of facility
that managed the hazardous waste.lf a hazardous waste was managed
consecutively in a RCRA and a non-RCRA TSDR unit, the waste is included
in the RCRA TSDR category of Chan 6.1-1. For further explanation of the
chart, see Section 3.2 of this report
-------
84 1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 6.1-1 Quantity* Hazardous Waste Generated In 1986, by RCRA-PerrnlttJng Status of
Management Units
Managed In Non-RCRA
TSDR Units at Facilities 111TTTIBllllai Managed in RCRA
with No RCRA Units j^^^^^MMUXlL TSDR Units
260.4 milflon tons yJliiiii^aHsMsV 289.5 milDon tons
(35%) fflillli^ (39%)
Managed Exclusively in Non-RCRA
TSDR Units at Facilities with
RCRA Units
197.5 million tons
(26%)
Total Quantity Generated • 7474 mutton ton*
Source: (A3.A8.QA27)
-------
g. Hazardous Waste Management
as
Chart 6.1-2 shows the number of hazardous waste management facilities by
the regulatory status of their hazardous waste management units. Over 70
percent of the facilities (6,357 facilities) managed hazardous waste only in
non-RCRA TSDR units. The remaining 28 percent of facilities had RCRA
TSDR units, although about half of these facilities also managed hazardous
waste in non-RCRA TSDR units.
Chart 6.1-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by RCRA Permit Status of
Management Units In 1986
Managed in RCRA and
Non-RCRA Units
1,185
(13.4%)
Managed In RCRA
Units Only
1,324
(14.9%)
I
Managed in Non-RCRA
Units Only
6.357
(71.7%)
I
Total Number of Management FadUlM » 8,866
Source: TQ-048, TG-043, TG-044
-------
86 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
6.2 ONSITE, CAPTIVE, AND COMMERCIAL MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS
WASTE
Hazardous waste can be managed by three types of facilities:
• onsite: at the facility where the waste was generated,
• offsite/captive: at a facility other than where the waste was generated
by a company under the same ownership as the generator, or
• offsite/commercial: at a facility other than where the waste was
generated by a company under different ownership than the
generator.
Chart 6.2-1 shows the quantity of hazardous waste managed onsite,
offsite/captively, and off site/commercially. Over 96 percent of all
hazardous waste generated (719 million tons) was managed onsite by the
generator of the waste. Of the 28.4 million tons of hazardous waste
managed offsite, roughly half was managed by commercial facilities and
half by captive facilities.
Chan 6.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Wast* that was Managed Onsite, Commercially, and Captlvely ki
1986
11 '6!?'£!!t0nS ire 719.0 rrtlfion tons
( }
I
Off site/Commercial
16.8 mi Don tons
(2.2*)
Total Quantity Managed • 7474 million tons
Notes: Hazardous waste managed onsite was managed by the generator of the waste.
Hazardous waste managed commercially was managed off site by a company under Different
ownership than the generator of the waste.
Hazardous waste managed captJvely was managed offsite by a company under the same ownership
as the generator of the waste.
Source: TG-048 (AS, GA27)
-------
S. Hazardous Waste Management 87
Chart 6.2-2 shows the numbers of hazardous waste management facilities by
the origin of the hazardous waste they managed Over 90 percent of
hazardous waste management facilities managed only hazardous waste that
was generated onsite. Approximately 6 percent of the facilities managed
hazardous waste generated offsite by another company and 3.5 percent
managed hazardous waste generated offsite but only by the same company.
Chart 6.2-2 Number ol Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by the Origin of the Hazardous
Waste Managed In 1986: Commercial, Captive, and Onslte-Only
Managed Waste
Commercially
526
(5.9%)
Total Number of Management Faculties • 8,866
Notes: Onsite-only management fadOtles managed only hazardous waste that was generated onsite.
Captive management facilities managed hazardous waste generated by other facilities under the
same ownership In addition to managing hazardous waste generated onsite.
Commercial management facilities managed hazardous waste generated by other facilities under
different ownership In adoption to waste from other sources.
Source: TG-048(A8>
-------
88 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 6.2-3a shows where generators managed their hazardous waste. Almost
63 percent of generators (7,817 facilities) managed their hazardous waste
onsite and offsite. Thirty-four percent of generators (4,268 facilities) sent all
their hazardous waste offsite for management, and only 3 percent of
generators (393 facilities) managed all their hazardous waste onsite.
Chart 6i-3a Number of Generators by Location of Their Hazardous Waste Management In 1986
All Waste Generated wa&
Managed Onsile
393
(3.1%)
All Waste Generated was JJH^^HBB i^^^^ffi^R Waste was Managed
Managed Offsite lalBB^UHHHilH Onsite and Offsite
4.268 llj^^BHBiflnHraB 7>817
(342%) j^^^HH^HIHB (62-7%)
Total Number of Generators • 12,478
Notes: Hazardous waste managed onsite was managed by the generator.
Hazardous waste managed off site was shipped to another fadlty for management.
Source: TG-049 (GA23, GB18, A11)
-------
6. Hazardous Waste Management 89
Chart 6.2-3b provides greater detail on where generators manage then-
hazardous waste. For generators sending their hazardous waste offsite for
management, the chart indicates whether the generator sent its waste to a
facility under the same ownership (captive) or different ownership
(commercial). Most generators sending their hazardous waste offsite sent
their waste to a commercial facility. Over half of the generators managed part
of their hazardous waste onsite and sent the rest to a commercial facility.
Chart 6£-3b Number of Generators by Location of Their Hazardous Waste Management In 1986:
Onsite, Commercial, and Captive
Type of Management
Onslta Only
Onsite and Ottslte
Captive Only
Captive and Commercial
Commercial Only
Unknown
Oftstta Only
Captive Only
Captive and Commercial
Commercial Only
Unknown
Total
Number of Generators
393
188
366
6.822
440
128
115
3,560
465
12.478
Percentage of Generators
3.1
1.5
2.9
54.7
3.5
1.0
0.9
28.5
3.7
100.0
Notes: Hazardous waste managed onsite was managed by the generator of the waste.
Hazardous waste managed captively was managed offsite by a company under the same ownership
as the generator of the waste.
Hazardous waste managed commercially was managed offsite by a company under different
ownership than the generator of the waste.
Source: TG-049 (GA23, GB18. A11)
-------
90 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
6.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BY LOCATION
In general, the geographic distribution of hazardous waste management
facilities is similar to the distribution of hazardous waste generators (see
Section 5.1). This is due in part to the high cost of transporting hazardous
waste and in pan to the large number of generators managing their own
hazardous waste onsite (see Section 62).
Chan 6.3-1 shows the numbers of hazardous waste management facilities in
each EPA region in 1986. Region V had the largest number of management
facilities, with 2,029 facilities or 22.9 percent of all hazardous waste
management facilities. Other regions with large numbers of hazardous waste
management facilities include Region IV and Region EX, with 13.9 and 13.1
percent of hazardous waste management facilities, respectively.
-------
Chart 6.3-1 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol hazardous waste management facilities - 8.866
Region IX
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X inckides Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
ol all hazardous waste generators that are located in
the region indicated.
Reg,onVI
u
•4
II
a
D
U
I
Source: TG-048
-------
92 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Charts 6.3-2 and 6.3-3 show the number of hazardous waste management .
facilities in each state (in alphabetical order and descending order,
respectively). California had the largest number of hazardous waste
management facilities, with 1,046 facilities. Texas and Pennsylvania also had
large numbers of facilities, with 622 and 547 facilities, respectively.
-------
g. Hazardous Waste Management
93
Chart 6.3-2 Number of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
.v/Conrwelle^iipUp!
-•tSSK^U^
Georgia •'"
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
.Indiana,.
,•• Iowa. ./'•.'
Kansas ••' . - :
•Kentucky :
; Louisiana* J:.-- :- '?. .
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
.;-; Niwada^yiifi IsMtt;
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
':; North Oakota:f;;rv;i
• - : +rt W.1 ; . .' • ..- .:. :- . '•_•. . . • '\ [• \ '., - •'
S?r"flPOITHf :i:':'''' '•••'''' • •'• • ::" :'
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas- .,•': ;-:~$jj£i!%
§!*:
if?
",
' Virginia • :>;-.: ; .'•••: ^ ? • -
Washington "
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Number of Percentage of Hazardous
Facilities Waste Management Facilities
127
9
89
84
. 1,046
••!'.:-: '.'_.•:, • :; !- '' • .• • ''• :' ;. ; :: '•'..- • '. '. ::i . ZOO ; '•?: :-: :- : :;: :-• :-•': ;!-: :; •'•/ : .'• -• ':•-.' .'. • :-.'' •;'-: > |:
:'::'".-.^::V ;' •• '•'•'" !' \ '• . '•.'••>•:'.' .'• -1 ft: '• '.". '•'"'• ';: :'; ' '•'.'. .-'..'•: ^ :: . .: '.•-..•'"':'• '•
:'v J ';• ; '. :V' " '- .i •". '' ' j ! ,' \ '5 1 • '•[ '' ! « '! y ^ '. 5 ^ :\ ; .'. S.i > i " i ; ' : i : :: '•'• ', . ''.' \ •: :i ':'
'Ktf.fi.t'Ci ; '••'.-. :' ; I ."•;•• ':: i : ' : v -• '; } :: . :: .:: :: '' ;; :; '. f" ':':.;'' ; :v:; •'.• f'-i ;: .? * ! • : |-
" ' 162'" ••"•••
1
13
8
490
287
86 . . .
• - • • 70 . " '
' '123\ -'
: . • . 108. '
39
110
431
375
.. ... 177
?•?/: ;'.' / i^J: '^K-i ^ i'i? '•••• j ?: i't *";-.;?.?;:' i '•&' '- 'i^ r'-i •& ?*<$?!& t&
'' ';•'• : ;•:. '- '••- : t '' ':': j'1;: i ;/: •:-. ' '•: :•• i" ' . '40^* :";: : * - n i :'V:Sj'.S \: '-'f ?%?ff; :;S; :
I*l*Mi^^lil!i^liM^^i!SI^
79
500
19
411
224
; :- :••.::• >: • ; ;: ;. ; ;-• j ;;;:-:.:'•:.;••. : ••: g : j; ;: ; : •.; '; ;; ;y ; ¥#£ K ": J.-JJ--5 ;! >|?
v ' ;' '''V? : v : V ' : ;-. ?'.! : v ;• i •• '• SQS:;:f j •' f • " ' ' -i ^ ; 'i - :.-< :.:;: s-S'?: ?:;.;: :-'.:: :•'*
|;S5;-j-':^;|!i^v5::^:vS'S
,,,. ,,,.,:,,„:«:•.• ,• ;. ..,-:',:,. 7Q, ,....,,,:•:,,, ,:,,,,,,,„.,•.,, ,::•..
76
126
5
198
r. -;:;: ••x-/.-:: '.-- 522^ . ' '
:,:.: -•.-.•.. 43"
;::.-.: ..•-.'• a\
r; •; ' -0 •,:•:,, \ 0 .' ', ' •:: -.,. ;•
" ' ,.....--: ^ 167 , :•.'•. ':' •,.
116
65
195
7
8,866
1.4
0.1
1.0
0.9
11.8
:^Sfey^^vSij^
!=^SS^f^M'--;t':'^
'"1.3"
<0.1
o.'i
0.1
5.-S
32 ' ••
i.'o' • ' •' •.-•'•• •:
0.9 . ' • " ' .
U- " . • •
\2 •• •
0.4
1.2
4.9
4.2
2.0
.•:':•:[•]: -'|J^'^::.:;:.:.'^.!":.:".i;.V ;.•.• -•;• -~y '; ' .•'.• •'. ,• •• \ '.'• ''.- ?•'.' ''. '-.• •' ;|
•5S :':::j*:-Jt^'':- ^ '"• :' '!'!•'•••''" '•••' '^'•'••: •: '•' : - • ' :•'• '• •"• •'•'•''•'• •"•'•
S^iSS 'M&& lilcili
0.9
5.6
0.2
4.6
2.5
;•••:• ^^j!;." :'•: ';:';;;:-';:^'-': '.;•':••'•::;•" : :;'•'".;;
••lr'^lyif:-:'^''-'P\^:\-:^--^
^8^?®:'!5S?
:,..,. ^ :,,.,,..,:.
0.9
1.4
0.1
2.2
7.0
0~5'
0^
'• • 0.0 .• ' •'••', .' :'
^.ft'-- . • • • •
'"""'1*3' "'""" ''"'"'
0.7
2.2
0.1
100.0
State
Rank
20
47
27
29
1
(;m;5:r±:;;;
-52;"::V'i.^':-:
" "19"' '
53
44
48
6
10: :
2ft
35
22;
25 .
40
24
7
9
16
iiE
•,*,:.£ ..,,,-,::.,.
5
42
8
12
;"••. 50;:'f-;' .;". "•'•'"'•
!i:' •• = 4: V/:'.^ ?'•:•''
:":. Uftf ';S • -
38 ' ••""•••'
33
21
51
13
. z: • • .
38
41
54'' " '
IB
23
37
14
49
Source: TG-048
-------
94
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 6.3-3 Number of Hazardous Wast* Management Facilities by State In 1986, In Descending
State
Numb«r of
Facilities
Percentage of Hazardous Waste
Management Facilities)
California
Texas
Pennsylvania
Ohio
New Jersey
'
1.046
622
547
505
500
Connecticut
North Carolina
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Florida
266
224
198
195
177
11.6
7.0
6.2
5.7
5.6
.
3.0
2.5
2.2
22
2.0
SOUth Q£ffi£~™-""™"- •"-" ••-"->'••••••••>••"« •-"•-• - •---••• .•.-..•.-^-.•.•.•:.-.:....-..-.-^.x:o;,,,,..,,,.... ,,,,,.,.
Kentucky 123
Washington 116
Maryland 110
Louisiana] 108
Colorado
New Hampthlra
Rhode Island
OWahoma
Kansas
Vermont
New Mexico
Delaware
Hawaii
Nevada
Alaska
Wato "«X:..-. ,--i-,::::
Wyoming :r--"iV*
North Dafcot*
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Guam
Virgin bland
0.0
Total
8,866
100.0
Source: TG-048
-------
6. Hazardous Waste Management
95
6.4 TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Chart 6.4-1 shows the types of hazardous waste management activities
conducted by waste management facilities in 1986. It is important to note that
a single facility could conduct more than one type of waste management
activity. Over half of the waste management facilities (5,176 facilities)
treated hazardous waste in 1986.
Chart 6.4-1 Number ol Management Facilities Treating, Storing, Disposing of, and Recycling
Hazardous Waste In 1986
Treatment
Recycling
Storage
Disposal
5.176
1.902
1.785
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: A single management facility can have more than one waste management activity. Therefore, adding
the numbers of facilities results in multiple counting.
Source: TG-Q5O
-------
96 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
(This page is intentionally blank)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling 97
7
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
METHODS: RECYCLING
EPA has established a pollution prevention hierarchy that encourages reducing
or eliminating the generation of waste and recycling wastes that are generated.
This chapter summarizes Generator and TSDR Survey data on hazardous
waste recycling. Units used to recycle hazardous wastes are generally exempt
from RCRA-peimitting requirements. This chapter includes data on all
hazardous waste recycling activities regardless of permitting status.
Much of the data on recycling activities are process-specific—that is, facilities
reported recycling information for each recovery process they operated.
Because a single hazardous waste is often managed sequentially in several
recycling processes, aggregating process-specific data presented in this
chapter is not appropriate.
7.1 SOLVENT AND LIQUID ORGANIC RECOVERY
Solvent and liquid organic recovery (solvent recovery) is the most
common type of recycling in terms of the number of facilities engaged in
recycling. Seventeen percent of all hazardous waste management
facilities, or 1,470 facilities, managed 1.18 million tons of hazardous waste
in solvent recovery processes in 1986.
Charts 7.1-1 and 7.1-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in solvent recovery processes
in each EPA region in 1986. Chans 7.1-3 and 7.1-4 show the same
information for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 7.1-1 Quantity ol Hazardous Waste Managed In Solvent Recovery Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed -1.18 million tons
Note: Region II Includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X inchxfes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
of all hazardous waste managed in solvent recovery
processes that was managed in the region indicated.
CO
I
I
ft
I
Source: TT-140 (F3). GG-170 (GG3), TT-140II (F3)
-------
Chart 7.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Solvent Recovery Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 1.470
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the
percentage ol al facilities with solvent recovery
processes that are located in the region indicated.
Region VI
I
I
I
8
1
I
1
I
Source: TT-140 (F3). GG-170 (GG3). TT-140II (F3)
<0
-------
100
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chan 7.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Solvent Recovery Processes by Stats In 1986
State
Quantity Managed
(million tons
Percentage of
Total Quantity Manaaed
State
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
0.08
0.00
<0.01«
0.01
0.08
<0.01*
.Florida^.
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
tew*
Maine
Maryland
Mflssflcti usotte
Michigan
Minnesota
Vermont
Virgin
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texaa
Total
1.18
100.0
•Lass than 10.000 tons of hazardous waste were generated In these states in 1986.
^ess than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 was generated in these stales.
Source: TT-140 (F3), GO-170 (GG3), TT-140II (F3)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling
101
Chart 7.1-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Solvent Recovery Processes by
State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
• '; ^CpjpiadosiS; i; s* • :;•;? ;• • i ;i ;
:--":. **•"'* '•^^""***»- :;':-:. :•::'•:•'•: '.';-; •:'••: '; '"
' " •'•'•• Ofl 1 flttfflflBt" !•&•• ••• ••'•••' •" '••• •'•••'•'• '•• '"'• f '••'•'• ''•
••• • DiSinCt W GwUnttliw!: >; ;!
• |" i |~iwnD4- :;'.:•.•'• :•:.::.•.'.-: .•:•:• .•';_:••"!; :!•;!•:. .-
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
•.. '..Indiana^'-' :-'- -'"'
". '''kJWaV:' :-:' ' : : - •- ''•
-: Kansas :::":''-' /
i.; 'Kentucky^ -.;:;; ;•; '
Louhitana :' • •
'Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
•-1 :• •: 'fcjfii^^-*i»j'::2::.;lj:;'::'::'.: :v:''::"::'":;'-:'
- ': • UlA^HUfltoi'''"'./'^'''.'1 • .•:•:•: •"'••' .i1:'."'1.
:} •• ••• will SlMHIwfr^'Kv??"::? :!•>;?::•:>
;: !; MOOtanaiS^:;:?:^:':' ;: :;'? • ;:- : ,"
;'•; i NebrtUfcafeit:??::1;;;?;?-;;;:1. :" •'
• •• .• Nevada: «f Its i :^: <$$. '. f
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
' Nioirttt p jnujjdjf^sj"*?"'1^ ??
• • ;OW*M!?!iii!'|;
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South CaroDna
South Dakota
Tennessee
..Texar-^n'fllli
Utah .; :-
Vermont-^"^^1
..Vbglnia \,:*t'&
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyornino
Total
Number of
RCRA TSDR Facll
17
0
9
21
111
^'0:i ::-':.^.1i:; •^'•;:;':'^N 9^i: ••"• i'.!
•;;;\::;-:! •:;;;'::; ;-:;.'.;•::;•:• •:;:41:.-:.:'.;."'1
^t^d!sl^l^iy?'.'-*1^;:^
i::::::::1'':..:.:;1::'::''.::".:^1. 'S::;^;: : 0. ^ii: 5:: '
.••!- .iv!.; • . '!'.•! !-,!'•!! '^ '•-.-: '•'. :- '!: .; ,- ':• ,' VV' .' ',', ', i: /.
24
0
2
2
45
• - • : . 67.
. • : •••• • • u.
.14:
. . . • • • 20; •
'/•'' 13 ' .
'"" ' ' 4'
40
85
30
46
"!: :' ••• iy;?:.!--': ::•:':" -: "' ': : ; :' ': !:; ? '•!:" '! ft:;!'.'!-'"';!1!'1
llli!S^;^K
: 1^'1i:'^%.:!:.::.!'.".^:. ' '1'4:!': •'
. f.,!:-,..;,::;.:,:..;.;:.^..;:-,..:-:- .- jj.-:, -
.,,„.„.,,..,,..„ ^
60
3
76
55
v:« ?(•«;¥•?!;::•::• ;;•:;;:'•: ^ t.^i «|Si ; :> :; ::'
';8M.?^.-:|^.::-i:S * i^'.Iij^:^:-'
^,,,,,;<.,,..,,,,,,, ,.,,,, 10.,,,,.,
24
19
0
48
£*.;.;!?;•;•••.•••-:•: QQ
!!&*:• ' '. . :io
;K::-- : '••• • 8
'?-:- - ' o
4; :;.'., at
33
7
67
0
1.470
Percentage of RCRA
Itles TSDR Facilities
1.2
0.0
0.6
1.4
7.6
'^'J-'y.'^ ':""': .'w/l:" • 'f^--' ZS-l^^<\.-: v'.",.\.;
V;; ':}!!:; ^;'|^;:;- : / ^^OJif'^ "'{:*<: ''•
;-:•:. •:•::•- 1. :•••• . ;.-..;- •:-;:. ,.: ;-••;.•': Q^Q ;. .:;•:-:;.:.••• - •;;.-;.; ';
: . ^ .'•'.': .••'"'' '":" ' ' !•-.'."" ^Utf -. '•:•':• '. X ':' \ "' "' ' •'"•''
......-.....,,,,...... ,....,.... ^g •-•--"- --••-••-•
0.0
0.1
0.1
3.1
4.6
1.0:
1.0
: ' ' . '1.4--'
• ... ... 0X9.-.. .
0.3
2.7
5.8
2.0
3.1
- ,,-;;;:.; -.;,,.,.,.,,.,.,,,>. .,,.<;;;;.,,,. , ?;. ,;;,.. .; • . , .. . J , .
. • . •- • ;. :•......,: . .. ;-•':.- W.^;. ; .- •••:••.•. '
••'••'.;;::': v:: ;:':::-::"'?;: ''-;;^ 0.o|-.-:-- •:;-';~ ' . :'
: '• !--:" :"-.-.! i'-;- : .:i.i •-.'-• '•' 1JJ::'::: ' :
'"•.'••' '•• '"*'!':: '-'"-:i:-V;;""'(X(jj'.:-:.: " '
1.5
4.1
0.2
5^
3.7
•T? "•' i ''?"''! 'r' S: i •' ;"'r^' : 1' f - f ' 0^'S :s '• ' :- • • -' t '''•''- :
ft;'i? • :;t; J-i-i'l??!"*? :5!'-:> ;:.;.';i:. ''dCTf?'^ ;:*::;;•£' *.'' •" ••
:'v i';;¥!::liV:V.^f'::'V;kC; ^.ftT^-^i'S''- *'-••••: '•
";'":'::;i"""":': -:-i-^0y":";:':--"- -
1.6
1.3
0.0
3.3
'-' : ' -''''• ; 4 I;'-. •
0.7
014
•: . • • 0.0-: ' '
.' .. ..' ;.;..; . •; zt":.:..'. :- '-.
2.2
0.5
4.6
0.0
100.0
State
Rank
27
46
36
24
2
•,:.;•.•;,;.•.. ::;.,; .37:- ••• .. •;•
..•'. ' "'-: :-,..15-:' .- '. •".
:;•;;.•: •;•; ::.: 42 v^. .•:,:, ;
..... : . .._.; ; 47 •' " ' = ' " '"
."•'' :'•:-'"' : : | f ' . ' •
"""""" """"""" "'21'""""
48
44
45
13
6
••28;
29
25:
31
41
16
3
20
12
':' !""•:,. :"i"! !:''- : : ;;; •"- *1Q :° ~: :•' : : :' '•'"'""' -: :. •
.:;::'"'::^:f-;;:;^;;r -;-.'.
.'•'". :' 30'i
• --/•;•••' 51- '
23
8
43
5
10
.v;-?:^..;?.:^v:.i:-a0;.^; .:-:-. -; •
:BiSS§- S>- -
34 "
22
26
52
11
9
35
40
53
'• : 19
18
38
7
54
Source/. TT-140 (F3). GG-170 (GG3). TT-140II (F3)
-------
102
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 7.1-5 shows the types of solvent recovery processes operated in 1986.
For each type of process, the chart shows the quantity of hazardous waste
managed and the number of facilities operating that type of process.
Chart 7.1-5 Types of Solvent Recovery Processes and Quantity Managed In 1986
Process Type
Batch Still Distillation
Phase Separation
Thin Rim Evaporation
FracflonatJon
Missing
Other
nitration
Desiccation
Solvent Extraction
Total
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
0.39
0.35
0.34
0.28
0.17
0.17
0.11
0.02
0.02
1.1 8a
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Managed
33.3
29.7
28.6
23.3
14.6
14.5
9.4
1.4
1.3
100.0*
Number
of
Facilities
1.209
107
98
102
14
95
61
9
39
1.4706
Percentage
of
Facilities
822
7.3
6.7
6.9
1.0
6.5
4.1
0.6
2.7
lOO.Ob
8 A single waste may be managed In more than one solvent recovery process. Therefore, adcflng the
quantities managed In each type of process results In double-counting. The number shown is the total
quantity managed in solvent recovery processes without double-counting.
b A single fadity may have more than one type of solvent recovery process. Therefore, adding the number of
facilities with each type of process results In double-counting. The number shown Is the total number of
facilities with solvent recovery processes without double-counting.
Source: TT-141. GG-171, TT-141II (GG4, GG21, F4, F25a)
-------
ament Methods: Recycling
103
Chart 7.1-6 shows the regulatory status of facilities that recover solvents. The
chart shows the numbers of facilities that recovered solvents and were subject
to RCRA-permitting requirements or exempt from RCRA-penrritting
requirements. The chart does not refer to the permitting status of the facilities'
recovery operations. Instead, the chart indicates whether any operation at the
facility is subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Chart 7.1-6 RCRA-Pormlttlng Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Solvent Recovery
Processes In 1986
RCRA-Permtttlng status
Exempt from permitting requirements8
Subject to permitting requirement
Total
Number
of
Facilities-
1.152
318
1.470
Quantity Managed
In Solvent Recovery
(million tons)
0.19
0.99 .;
1.18
8 Factfties managing hazardous waste only in units exempt from RCRA-penrttting requirements.
b Fadlties managing hazardous waste in at least one unit subject to RCRA-perrrttting requirements.
Source: TT-140 (F3), GG-170 (GG3), TT-140II (F3)
7.2 METAL RECOVERY
Metal recovery is the most common type of recycling in terms of the
quantity of hazardous waste recycled. Approximately L44 million tons of
hazardous waste was managed in metal recovery processes by 330
facilities in 1986.
Charts 7.2-1 and 7.2-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in metal recovery processes in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 72-3 and 72-4 show the same information
for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 7.2-1 Quantity ol Hazardous Waste Managed In Metal Recovery Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 1.44 million Ions
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
of all hazardous waste managed in metal recovery
processes that was managed in the region indicated.
2
Source: TT-140 (G3). GG-170 (GF3). TT-140II (G3)
-------
Chart 7.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Metal Recovery Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 330
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the
percentage of all facilities with metal recovery
processes that are located in the region indicated
S
I
I
Ql
Source: TT-140 (G3), GG-170 (GF3), TT-140II (G3)
-------
106
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 7.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Metal Recovery Processes by State In 1986
State
Quantity Managed
(million tonal
Percentage of
Total Quantity Managed
State
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
0.14
9.9
Comtactteuf^
Georgia
Guam
HawaJi
Idaho
Illinois
Kansas ••'•'-i*-*'
Kentucky :
LouWan«:.<: ::i
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
0.03
•mv%x:^
mm:T$zm^:i
'.::::*:::?.M::.)•"; :••:?:•".'• ••.••. • .:
i^iT^SrW^:;.':::.^-.;:--
v :is:-;?%::•••$::• •^fcs.^Vv^ - ?.:-.:| .; . |
^•^^l"'^^'"-^'^^!':.'-1^ :':.-"?:-
'•~ ;•••••••,.''.. : •"...;...'"•'. ' . *. • .-: ' ::
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont*
Vkglrt
<0'.01*
0.04
0.14
0.00
Washington
West Virg^ia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
100.0
•Less than 10.000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states In 1986.
bLess than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated In 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-140 (G3). GG-170 (GF3), TT-140II (G3)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling
107
Chart 7.2-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Wast* in Metal Recovery Processes by State
In 198*
State
Number of
RCRA TSDR FacllHlea
Percentage of RCRA
TSDR Facilities
State
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Aricansas
California
Virginia,, *.;
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
16
35
12
29
1
22
47
48
42
4
- 3V: :
25
24
19
5
11
20
49
45
44
14
32
9
43
38
39
6
52
34
27
46
53
28
15
21
8
54
Total
330
100.0
Source: TT-140 (G3). GG-170 (GF3). TT-140II (G3)
-------
108
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 7.2-5 shows the types of metal recovery processes operated in 1986.
For each type of process, the chart shows the quantity of hazardous waste
managed and the number of facilities operating that type of process.
Chart 72-5 Types of Metals Recovery Processes and Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In 1986
Process Type
Other
Secondary Smelting
nitration
Electrolytic
Ion Exchange
Evaporation
Reverse Osmosis
Solvent Extraction
Sodium Borohydrtoe
Missing
Liming
Total
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
0.63
0.38
0.22
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
1.44«
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Managed
43.9
26.6
15.0
10.9
10.8
10.3
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
<0.1
100.0*
Number
of
Facilities
102
26
22
140
64
31
6
4
6
4
3
330&
Percentage
of
Facilities
30.9
7.9
6.7
42.4
19.4
9.4
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.2
0.9
lOO-O5
a A single waste may be managed In more than one metals recovery process. Therefore, adding the
quantities managed in each type of process results In double-counting. The number shown Is the total
quantity managed in metals recovery processes without double-counting.
b A single faciity may have more than one type of metals recovery process. Therefore, addng the number of
facilities with each type of process results In double-counting. The number shown Is the total number of
facilities with metals recovery processes without double-counting.
Source: TT-141, GQ-171, TT-141II (04, G25a, GF4, GF21)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling 109
Chart 7.2-6 shows the regulatory status of facilities that recover metals. The
chan shows the numbers of facilities that recovered metals and were subject to
RCRA-permitting requirements or exempt from RCRA-permitting
requirements. The chan does not refer to the permitting status of the facilities'
recovery operations. Instead, the chan indicates whether any operation at the
facility is subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Chart 7.24 RCRA-Permlttlng Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Metal Recovery
Processes In 1986
RCRA-Permlttlng Status
Exempt from permitting requirements8
Subject to permitting requirements6
Total
Number
of
Facilities
207
123
330
Quantity Managed
In Metal Recovery
(million tons)
0.78
0.65
1.44 '
8 Fadlties managing hazardous waste only In units exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements.
b Fadlties managing hazardous waste In at least one unit subject to RCRA-permtttfng requirements.
Source: TT-140 (Q3). GG-170, TT-140II (G3)
7.3 REUSE AS FUEL
Reusing hazardous waste as fuel involves the burning of hazardous waste as
an energy source. In 1986,1.44 million tons of hazardous waste were
reused as fuel by 295 facilities. The quantity of hazardous waste reused as
fuel is only slightly less than the quantity managed in metals recovery
processes, making reusing hazardous waste as fuel the second most common
type of recycling (in terms of the quantity of hazardous waste managed).
Charts 7.3-1 and 7.3-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in reuse as fuel processes in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 7.3-3 and 7.3-4 show the same information
for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 7.3-1 Quantity ol Hazardous Waste Managed In Reuse-as-Fuel Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (in million tons)
Total quantity managed - 1.44 million tons
<0.01
(01%)
Region VIII
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages In parentheses indicate the percentage
ol al hazardous waste managed in reuse-as-fuel
processes that was managed in the region indicated.
i
8
1
Source: TT-140 (C3). GG-170 (GD3). TT-140II (C3)
-------
Chan 7.3-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Reuse-as-Fuel Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities • 295
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the
percentage of all facilities with reuse-as-tue!
processes that are located in the region indicated.
Region VI
u
a
0
to
I
I
I
3
Source: TT-140 (C3). GG-170 (GD3). TT-140II (C3)
-------
112
1966 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 73-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Reuse-as-Fuel Processes by State In 1986
Quantity Manaj
State (million tons
Alabama 0.02
Alaska <0.01*
Arizona 0.00
Arkansas 0.03
California 0.04
^•^^gf^jyjj^l
'" Georgia ' "<6.01*""
Guam 0.00
Hawaii 0.00
Idaho 0.00
Illinois v !•'<:'' '•'. ' ^K- :ii- -• '.":i " "
•••••'(j^ ••••"•"•••••••'•"•— "'•••••-"••-•'- --•--•• •^•-••" •-
0.0 45
0.0 46
0.0 47
0.2 ... 25
. ': ':o- < ^•xftClSl^
''''NewHampshirT"""^
New Jersey 0.01
New Meifco 0.00
New York 0.05
North Carolina 0.03
' " ' Nortlj Oakotssi&: w'J '. ''•'• ~~> •**& ••••' •••-•* ••'£ :~t * •. 0.00 $& i;:
OnlaHU^^lv^.;;:;§:'-;/^'':;^:^r::.::k:^;.:*^^
Puerto Rico """" '"" 0.01
Rhode Island <0.01*
South Carolina 0.01
South Dakota 0.00
Tennessee 0.14
Texas:- • i "* ^S^^^^- ? -••••"' i:f' OX53^: '•
Utah ;. • ^]jjiijj?''f'''' •' <0.01*
Vermont-' • .$:JI$jjj&?'^-''-' ' 0.00'
Virgin bland- ' .^':!?K^'-W 0.00 -
Vbglnt* ''. -::'. ' 0.04
Washington 0.02
West Virginia 0.03
Wisconsin <0.01«
Wyomina 0.00
Total 1.44
SMS^fflllWS^P^^:^
:,,,,».^:.,,::^^,x1x,:m..,,:^|)b.,,::,....,,,. : -,- ,,,„,,:, ,,,, ,.,,,,, ._ ,.„:-:,:
0.9 19
0.0 49
3.3 6
2.4 11
:r .:..:|...:.:,;:..,-:-;.:|.HVI: y ;fi^'.'yQjfc^S.. ]:•;.'• : ^-••'. ': :••••-•'.'- '!. ;: 48^:'.; ' '. ...!'':
•":.":?':•-..••• •••' :': '' :. "•-':- :'.'.'::, :: •:••": ::'. .: ft^'ft'^ft ••'•''•'•• '•'•'• iff..-.?.- ..• :•'•:•'•'.''.. '•'•':•' •. • ~ • •^^'••'- - '• -• • "•
........ . . . . .^ ; .; ; _ . _ - ...-. . . . \|*U> :'iV •• -:;w. .;.;.• .-.;.;,; . ^; -.-.^ • ;,.,.•;.. • . .. .'.... • ; 9 !•' :••.:•-
• " '"'. '• • • ;•'.!.-,'• '. -••:••''.:•': .•.".•: r- ' ; " H,^^':-; .vK-i1;-:1. '•' ^ '•',''.: •",-;' .• . • •".- "' ':.' •" . • • .e^-.^,'1 • - ' .. .- ' •
0.4 23
0.1 29
0.7 20
0.0 52
9.4 2
'"" : • ' ' : ' • ''' . 36.0:"::f;. '"' '" '•- . '"' '•' ' • 'f '•';•'' •- ".
• ' . • . 0.1-: ..- •-••...- - SO:-;-,-.. ' . -•
•'"'•' O.'0:''':: - • - ' ... ! .,. : 42-. :" ' -•. •• •
'• ' - " - 0.0>- .' - ' ' S3 • "-: - * -
..••••. - -:• ' 3.0.' ' :, - . • • •: . 7- '-•••'..
1.3 17
i1 13
0^ 26
0.0 54
100.0
•Less than 10.000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states in 1936.
"Less than 0.1 percent erf the totsJ quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-140 (C3). GG-170 (GD3), TT-140II (C3)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling
113
Chart 7.3-4 Numbor of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Reuse-as-Fuel Processes by State In
1966
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
v'sc^hactlcult^'-Sfl.V
- iDelawar*..?^.:-'--';;'?:-'-::'
;; 'District of Columbia;
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
y.. Indiana 1 :; . ' "
Iowa ••":••
Kansas ••
Kentucky :
.Louisiana:
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
-•M^liill
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
": NorfliDakotarf;;;:^^;;
.SJ5^I£SI:
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas • ' '''" --v^^
•Utah • " '•'. r^f-
Vermont. :'}':";> *•*
Virgin Island:: *
Vtrginfa
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Number of
RCRA TSDR Facilities
4
1
0
4
6
'•^?fa&VJ^\^tf^ ,;HVi-v^:*i.-
&^^M<<& : *l S!&&
.,,,,,,.,,,,.:,,.,:,,:,,.:-: ._,,,,.:.. ,.,„„.,:
0
0
0
7
'•' .- 4
• • ' • 1
7
5
11
8
7
5
3
8
:^g^^y^
'•: :: :: .-,•:• :: :'''':••':• -. '• . .•' '-. ; .:: '.- ':• '. •' !• •'. -i .•:• - ''. ••• :' ':'• '-. ''. •' ': • '••••'. .": • •'•.-.
:" '! '' ;- : '.•'. •:'•'•• •' :• •-. •: '.-••'. '•: '-: ' ': !'• • •'-' : •-' V '• ''••Qf-S''.* ''•'• •'.' •': '" ::: -::'!'••"-: ''
..,...,,,,,.,,.-,,,..,.- ,,,-3, :,.,:,.,.„ ....,
30
0
8
18
SR8^?tjSSISSS
'jiil^s&gij^.
..,,.,,,,:. ^,..,,,,,:,,..,,,,,,.,,
4
14
0
11
T •&'••• '' ' 30
':'.• "' '• ' s
j
0
17
2
8
5
0
295
Percentage of RCRA
TSDR Facilities
1.4
0.3
0.0
1.4
2.0
•'•.•:'•' !^l^ ^$7^ ''.'" '.
: - :: '; i. ." V; :;:.:i i '' :: -: i QJ S:'f ? \ : • :' . •' • ' : :'
I- : •• :- ': -'. *'': .- :.' '. '• 0.0 ^ '? ^ t *' ': '• ' '•
.-.••.:••! ;'••-:;.::::::-! '.- ••.•*: A-:-'. yo '!!::-. :• ..•!•.-.•.--
-•' ; .•:•:'"' -:'. !: '!,'::•. I..*?1:1.':!'.1; - ;. - . • /
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
1.4
0.3
2.4'. : ,
1.7
3:7
2.7
2.4
1.7
1.0
2.7
1||||S|||
""""""""""""""'"1.0" "'"""""
10.2
0.0
2.7
6.1
;?SSfi£SSS^
llllll^S^^^^
'l.4!""" '
1.4
4.7
0.0
3.7
: '•''.'•''. •' 10J!;:.:'
'•'• :•'' I.T -
03
0.0
: '•-. -• 5.8':' -
0.7
2.7
1.7
0.0
100.0
State
Rank
23
38
43
24
18
:•-' :.' :.; :'•.•. ';';'- 6y;:;"'-.:-':'-: '••
'•- '• ••- '-•' -'."':'::i '34:':'1:1:: ' •' : •'•" •
'.:^':^:>;:r/-'-'^.:^^--
.,, ...,...,,..,:..:,: ^
45
46
47
15
. - :.- ::•-.- jj*/.1 ''f " '' ' ; • .'
. : ":'-''-:V'L'":''1. .40vii':.;i: -'•i:::;: :
''.•'. ••'.-;. : •\'.::--.-.16- -::i':: : '-.': >'-'•'• •'•
'••- .• ' .;;.: : ••'.:•< .:19.:'".h:r''':-':: :'' ;';
• -; '" . •.' . ' .' . 7'.-' ..• ••'.•• :. .
"""""iV"
17
20
30
12
miiiijjffs
.:..,-. ,,.-,,...,, 32-,,.., -.,,..,,,,
1
49
13
3
PSIS;:^3?^
s^ii^issK
-,,.:.,-,,,,,,,. ,.:,,.-28 ,.,-:,,,,: ,
29
5
52
8
• ': . ••' '' 2 -' :-...
21! • •
: • ' ' 42
- •-.. . '• •" -S3:'- : • .
- -' . 4 ,:
37
14
22
54
Source: TT-140(C3). GG-170(GD3).TT-140II (C3)
-------
114
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 7.3-5 shows the types of reuse as fuel processes operated in 1986. For
each type of process, the chart shows the quantity of hazardous waste
managed and the number of facilities operating that type of process.
Chart 73-5 Types of Reuse-as-Fuel Processes and Quantity Managed In 1986
Process Type
Industrial Boiler
Cement Kiln
Other Industrial Furnace
Aggregate Kiln
Process Heater
Sulfur Recovery Furnace
Utiity Boiler
Other
Coke Oven
Smelting Furnace
Blast Furnace
Asphalt Kiln
Other (Gin
Unknown
Total
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
0.86
0.23
0.13
0.13
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.00
0.12
1.44
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Managed
59.8
15.8
9.1
9.0
3.9
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
100.0
Number
of
Facilities
195
18
5
9
18
3
34
15
1
3
1
1
2
295«
Percentage
of
Facilities
66.1
6.1
1.7
3.1
6.1
1.0
11.5
5.1
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.3
0.7
100.0*
• A single fadlty may have more than one type ol reuse-as-fuel process. Therefore, adding the number of
f acuities with each type of process results In double-counting. The number shown Is the total number of
facilities with reuse-as-Aiel processes without double-counting.
Source: TT-141. GG-171. TT-141II (C4, Cl7a. GD4, GD17)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling 115
Chart 7.3-6 shows the regulatory status of facilities that reuse hazardous waste
as fuel. The chart shows the numbers of facilities that reused hazardous waste
as fuel and were subject to RCRA-permitting requirements or exempt from
RCRA-permitting requirements. The chart does not refer to the permitting
status of the facilities' recovery operations. Instead, the chart indicates
whether any operation at the facility is subject to RCRA-permitting
requirements.
Chart 7.3-6 RCRA-Permrttlng Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Reusing Hazardous
Waste as Fuel in 1986
RCRA-Permlttlng Status
Exempt from permitting requirements8
Subject to permitting requirements'*
Total
Number
of
Facilities
102
193
295
Quantity Managed
In Reuse as Fuel
(million tons)
0.04
1.41
1.44
a FadGties managing hazardous waste only In units exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements.
b Facilities managing hazardous waste in at least one unit subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Source: TT-140(C3). GG-170. TT-140II (C3)
7.4 FUEL BLENDING
Prior to reusing hazardous wastes as fuel, facilities can blend the hazardous
waste with other types of fuel (e.g., nonhazardous waste or petroleum) to
obtain the desired characteristics. In 1986,177 facilities managed 0.75
million tons of hazardous waste in fuel blending processes.
Charts 7.4-1 and 7.4-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in fuel blending processes in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 7.4-3 and 7.4-4 show the same information
for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 7.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Fuel Blending Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 0.75 million tons
<0.01
(0.3%)
Region VIII
I
I
I
i
1
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
ol all hazardous waste managed in fuel blending
processes that was managed in the region indicated.
Source: TT-140 (D10A). GG-170 (GC10). TT-140II (D10A)
-------
Chart 7.4-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Fuel Blending Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 177
Nole: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the
percentage ol all facilities with fuel blending
processes that are located in the region indicated.
Region VI
a
i
I
!
Source: TT-140 (D10A). GG-170 (GC10). TT-140II (D10A)
-------
118
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 7.4-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Fuel Blending Processes by State In 1986
State
Quantity Managed
(million tons
Percentage o<
Total Quantity Managed
State-
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
GotoradO:!
; 'Delaware^
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Caroflrw
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas,
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
0.02
0.00
0.00
<0.01"
0.03
Total
0.75
100.0
•Less than 10,000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states In 1986.
'lass than 0.1 percent d the total quantity of hazardous waste generated In 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-145 (D10A). GG-170 (GC10). TT-140II (010A)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling
119
Chart 7.4*4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Fuel Blending Processes by State in
1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
"''ColbmbOH^sH'1.':1;?/?';.::
::,;; Connecticut:.-;;;,:; i;!y^T.
• ' . r\£J\'ftttIBt A '- ''; ' '•• • : ' • • ••: • • ' ••
• •.- WHKMPf CUV-1 '•" ': • — •"••: "•• •'•••'
OfetfttirfColumbiS;;;
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
- Indiana i . -: :
•-'Iowa-: •.-••• ••• .:
Kansas: ::
Kentucky
• •' Louisiana . : .>'-,,: , .
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
• •' Montan*y:ii;£iH-
;': Nebraska N;SP::::::':V
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
••sil
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
" Texas ''-"SPI^
Utah •'•• ..•,$&&
\Sarmnnt ' " ^it'ifS^''
• v ermont = .- • - '•-.- ^ ??^ **s •
Virgin Hfrntf •&*•" '***>•?•
Virginia •;.:•• -''^£'
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Number of
RCRA TSDR Facilities
3
0
0
2
5
; ••• :; ••. -; : • : ': •:-.:.' !;. :| O .; . ''•'<;•'.* ^. > '' ;' i .'; { •; '•' : '• :;;;•;•;: ", i J
.:••':;-.!;.•; v;:. i : ; i; ':. ; x !; ;: ' |(J ; \ ' ': ' • \ ''': ':', ; .•;•••". ': '• •.
-;''H:::::I ^: j'J;. ^f-'I'^l^'!: 05 -^"V •;.'• j-:: -: '.'>;':•;•.!
g||l^iyy^;j^^%3^. l;^/llli;;
K^-^y-^S^^mf',^f^>^:.i-f..Ky:--..
0
0
0
e
4
0
2
3
11'- .-.
0
7
1
4
1 r
:i'i"l :: •? -" ;:-v'"- "' " : ' •' • ' •' :": •" •:• :-. •'. '••' • '• •£'•'•''.• ••£'.• '.• .-:-•• -•"•'• •'' -,"•:•••• •• !•;
''•"•••.••-•:. ' '. '."-•.-•:.•• ' . •-•.'" ^ ' ": .:• '' •!- .; *'': ''. : -.••' ... '. '_••
•'''M^,'^---/'^^:- -::; -'^im '"•.
....-.,,,,,,,,,:,.-,,,,....... ^ :,....,,..,,,.,...,,,.,..,
8
0
17
4
.. -.•: v.'v'' •.•'" ••:i-.:;-:1' : :';;.:.':''"'.".: • • •* . .;•. '-. ,.• ."'..•.. •••.•.''•. .•'•••'••: '.-$•.
-. •.'.-.•.; . ...:- ..?•:;•:•.• .•• >.V :-:••- -..•*-.."- A- .• :.\\'.:.; .,.:":• ::.. :••/!, -?';:•. ,:-:
" """"'"' '•"-""* ' 1 --"--
8
8
0
7
?;•;•; -. "-^ - 13
:*."!: :"; ' ' 4
"'3-jfc ' •; -' •". •:•'•<••• Q .••
•*'• ..-..".. - Q-
•:•':. •• ;;.. =,./ 2 . ,.,,,,
4
1
2
0
177
Percentage of RCRA
TSDR Facilities
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.1
2.9.
'• ':• ** " j:: J ! ;- J " OX0?:i *^ •'•' :i '; •: •' .: ?'" ' '
.'?:'••-:;,; '--.' &B;''--.'i:-:'' ' • ' "''''.
::^.,;;i^: ;;.;.•;• 'DJJ.V;-;';:::'-;"-'-:.'''
^•sl^K^Mi^sS;':'.'^^-
'':;'"':":'":;:"2.8''::;:":
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
£3
0.0
\,7
• •••-. 8£.ii'- •: •
0.0
4.0
0.8
^3
v0.6
;|||||^||||j3!JJ
;;:;^::g;;;:^:.;D^3||i;;;;:::,:-;.:;;;
-•--••••••••'••0_Q----0'-'
4.5
0.0
9.6
,.,,..,...,,...,,,2-3,.,.
•':• :-: • ?.:i -' .-! :' ::*'*":v:: ^i^ aK ':' '• .:. ' -: •• •:'•••
•':•.•. ;;:;.;!:::.:: . :"•• i^^vi;:;^1"'^1;.:;:!;1/''1^;/! :!"
;• i :! : .M: :' :. • : ^1 •-! - 0*6- !S:!j: ;• !: ;: •. ix :!':.,: •• '•
":'"":'"""'*""'"g.6""'v"'""":""'
4.5
4.5
0.0
4.0
7.3V '
^^ .
• ' .'. Q.O-. •"
': -•:. PtO'h:-'^-':.- ..-
• •-', - • f»t-
2.3
0.8
1.1
0.0
100.0
State
Rank
23
36
37
26
13
.„.,. ••••;•;•;.:.::••: JJ^- :;..'- .: -'. •"";• '.
': : "''''.. '-•'. '-'-; : 5-.V -- '''•• ''-'', '
••;:•"- :.:?::-' 39 4/;';::- ':••-.
::;;;:;;;!;:,;:;;;:;;;;;:;;38;;;:;;:-::.::;.;,;;'
...:;-:-.,:- ..,.,,.,,.1^. ,,,..,....-
40
41
43
8
16
- 42
27
22
4. '•
44
11
35
15
.........33 ' ;"•••;• • • . . ; -- •
:;;;/•«;;:: Q;:::,;;;34:;;:; ;:::;;:';-p-: -
47'''""
6
48
1
17
•• Pi: >•:• • >:..••>•'• .: i-':;.'1 :' >: :: jtf ? ''^ i''1-: - ' ": .ll-'' •:-:;".
:!^!. :• ;-':::':i. :';; ••• .;'.;:;:.,..:; ..^^;:'.".i;i '. : . ••-._- .;•
. ' V.1 :| ••"'.=•;- 1". :..'':1' ' 30 ;: ' .^^ : "' >^''- "
""'"' '"""29':"'"""" "
10
9
51
12
Z
21
53
. '. ' ' 62-.
,.: '•: • 24l:
20
28
25
54
Source: TT-140 (D10A), GG-170 (GC10). TT-140II (D10A)
-------
120 1966 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chan 7.4-5 shows the regulatory status of facilities that blend hazardous waste
for fuel. The chart shows the numbers of facilities that managed hazardous
waste in fuel blending processes and were subject to RCRA-pennitting
requirements or exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements. The chart does
not refer to the permitting status of the facilities' recovery operations. Instead,
the chart indicates whether any operation at the facility is subject to RCRA-
pennitting requirements.
Chan 7.4-5 RCRA-Permlttlng Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Fuel Blending
Processes in 1986
RCRA-Permtttlng Status
Exempt from permitting requirements9
Subject to permitting requirements6
Total
Number
of
Facilities
49
128
177
Quantity Managed
In Fuel Blending
(million tons)
0.02
0.73
0.75
a Facilities managing hazardous waste only in units exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements.
b Facilities managing hazardous waste in at least one unit subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Source: TT-140(D10A),GG-170.TT-140II(D10A)
7.5 OTHER RECYCUNG
Respondents to the Generator and TSDR Surveys reported data on any
recycling activities in 1986 other than those specifically mentioned in the
surveys (Le,, solvent recovery, metals recovery, reusing hazardous waste as
fuel, and fuel blending). In 1986,243 facilities managed 0.96 million tons
of hazardous waste in other recycling processes.
Charts 7.5-1 and 7.5-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in other recovery processes in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 7.5-3 and 7.5-4 show the same information
for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 7.5-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Other Recycling Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 0.% million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
of all hazardous waste managed in other recycling
processes that was managed in the region indicated.
N
1
I
a
a
I
t>
Source: TT-140 (I26). GG-170 (GH3). TT-140II (126)
-------
Chart 7.5-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Other Recycling Processes per EPA Region In 1986
l-t
Total number of facilities - 243
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage of
all facilities with other recycling processes that are
located in the region indicated.
o>
I
(o
I
I
Source: TT-140 (I26), GG-170 (GH3). TT-140II (126)
-------
7. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling
123
Chart 75-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Other Recovery Processes by State In 1986
Quantity Manag
State (million tons"
Alabama 0.00
Alaska 0.00
Arizona <0.01a
Arkansas <0.01*
California 0.07
" V. Colorado:-: :i-.-:i;'":::; '":""- -' ":VV:'; «:-!- ':- :i::?:;; : • 0.1 1..::::-:.:.:
:.. ConMgltlai^!-^!ff^-\:;'i^^:l '•:• :.;:': :::"::s!;:::'^0.01-i::':::::
. ':Delawaf*:!H;;.?;;U:;l;S::;:;:': :':'''-::; t.:;:--^^^ -. •- 0;00^i
'..:' FtofWais*.:? »^y :*;?•: <;P^!x V' l^^fMdcaoiMii
Georgia ' 0.01
Guam 0.00
Hawaii 0.00
Idaho 0.00
Illinois 0.04
Indiana • 0.10..:
": towa ... 0.00
Kansas : . 0.03
Kentucky : 0.05:
Louisiana: . 0.02
Maine <0.01«
Maryland <0.01*
Massachusetts 0.01
Michigan 0.03
Minnesota 0.03
• ;:: MiswuSSj:: BMSffi 'ift >' JS:l:°^il
; Nebnttkaisii ^^|^||i::::^^;.^?^;oiotC-C
. ' - Nevada5*:?:':1-^?;' ::':;:;l;:; is;-1; ::::';'• :: ::;. ?;.'£? ;>':;'&? 3^ •'.JsOjO'.QOi^ii -
New Hampshire "" " '" """"'' """ 0.00
New Jersey 0.05
New Mexico 0.00
New York <0.01*
North Carolina <0.01*
•' North Dakola ;T \- .'•. '.:'•. •;• '• ;: " '^i^:^ ; :: . 0,OCp:;i:: :-':
Ohio*.':.1' •• ;:::•'•:" .: :•,::"•'• :.; : /':: ; ; •: : /: •' '• i:i I1:*1:'*:;. Y; :.: :•; ••' i- i;:..- . ;i;. 0 Oft-' '• •' < ••
• Oklahoma*;?? ::•:. :: -: f-i $•• t ••• t :! :;!r • •:: ^::it l?-:sl. ;:^o!ot¥:.?:: ^
• ' Oregon •v-;M^:;i^?:-K'?)':l^^; :;;S;I ;;:::-OJXj::^K ;
- Pennsyltfania;:-?:::.:i:':i::.:::'::.-: o'fvjf T:-:-1' .^.^S? sliO^ft^v.:-
Puerto Rico """"" •l"""-"—""™--™--aoo"'™-
Rhode Island 0.01
South Carolina 0.01
South Dakota 0.00
Tennessee <0.01*
Texas •" "^.r^;- ' '•' ; . . ; Q.19
Utah ••'•$%vl*:-i, " •••" ' 0-00
Vermont ." .^;^;.;'.:- . • 0.00 '
. Virgin bland v '* . 0.00
Virginia "'-.'.:,. . :. . . 0^00
Washington' -"•"'"•••-•• • QW
West Virginia <0.01«
Wisconsin 0.01
Wyoming 0.00
Total 0.96
ed Percentage of State
Total Quantity Menaced Rank
0.0 34
0.0 37
0.3 23
<0.1b 29
7.6 4
•.-•;•-:•••;••./,••.:;..:.•.:•.•:;•: ^-JJ";:. •; -: •:.'i'i" ' • . :.:'::: ' :' • / .'. '.• ; £ ';.; '] .V- '."'••
:i :• ,|| •; ;: :? I -. : :l ;:' \ • ;3 :• ;H; « !. '•'. :- • ;; • • :- - : ;; -1 ;: '•••^ • : " • 47 • • •
OJ) """" '"' " ''" """" " ' ":"' 35:
5.3 7
0.0 46
0.1 25
<0.1b 28
;UT:;vs;;;; ;;:•::; !fftf?:£f';rteQ-i9:':i^':^-:-[>-':.'';.':':' :'-'•:•(_: 45-;.,,:.... • ; •'
:: :::::.:•,•::•:;.-; O':'.'-: : :: := \, j: ±1 ::v. :' • '-. /. £ ^> . j:: •, '- - ••' • ; :' :;••:'•. ': ;::.; • •-•':'•••' [•'.' ft:-.---.
:<;::t!:I;::S 'Mij%^^^w^: ^ j$$£& % .:r '»^.V'- v : '•-
; ;: i ';: i: .;: i;; '::-'::;:.:;.;; :;: ::';: $S!v?.: i ^-fto?!^ ) • :. "' '; '; .-': : •' ' ' '^ ': '••• : '• '• •• ; ;: ; ': • : • :; :- • 48::; ' - ' . • "
: .: . i :i :-.::':: ::::: J i :; .: •: l^t. ; ;: ;' '..ij? J ; 6^7 ^ 'i1:- ''•• '••. !• :' ^ v ' .'• V • •• ~: ;' : .• ' -: ' '- ' : ::' ; -: • ' : : ' S : . . • • •
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,.,,.,,,,,., ,,,,o^,,,,.,,,..,,... ...,..,..,. .,,...,,....:: . :^...:
1.1 17
1.1 18
0.0 50
<0.1b 31
19.6 t
0-0 36
• ..•- ( ' 0.0- • ' ' ' ':~ ' . 53 ': -•
/..:: '"•;:•. , 0.0.-: ... ..•.'. .'• •;•• .';.. 52;
• '': . ..':.••.:'•-- ''•••'"-' '" Q&; •••'•'••': '.' '•••''•''.•'.•'••'•: .."• St-:
0.9 20
0.2 24
1.3 15
0.0 54
100.0
•Less than 10.000 tons of hazardous wast* were generaled in these state* In 1986.
'less than 0.1 percent o( the total quantity oi hazardous waste generaled in 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-140 (126). GG-170 (GH3). TT-140II (126)
-------
124
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 7.54 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Other Recovery Processes by State
Source: TT-140 (E6), GG-170 (GH3). TT-140II (126)
-------
7.Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Recycling 125
Chart 7.5-5 shows the regulatory status of facilities that operated other
recovery processes. The chart shows the numbers of facilities that managed
hazardous waste in other recovery processes and were subject to RCRA-
perrnitting requirements or exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements. The
chart does not refer to the permitting status of the facilities' recovery
operations. Instead, the chart indicates whether any operation at the facility is
subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Chart 7.5-5 RCRA-Permfttlng Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Other Recycling
Processes In 1986
RCRA-Permlttlng Status
Exempt from permitting requirements3
Subject to permitting requirements'1
Total
Number
of
Facilities
173
70
243
Quantity Managed
In Other Recycling
(million tons)
0.22
0.75
0.96
a Facifities managing hazardous waste only In units exempt Irom RCRA-permitting requirements.
b Facilities managing hazardous waste in at least one unit subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Source: TT-140 (I26). GG-170, TT-140II (I26)
-------
126 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation ana Management
(This page is intentionally blank)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment 127
s
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
METHODS: TREATMENT
Regulations promulgated under RCRA, the Clean Water Act, and the Toxic
Substances Control Act prescribe treatment standards that must be met prior to
disposal or release of a hazardous waste into the environment This chapter
summarizes data on hazardous waste treatment activities. As with recycling
(Chapter 7), some of the data reported in the Generator and TSDR Surveys are
process-specific. For waste treatment activities that are typically sequential
(i.e., a single waste is treated sequentially in several different processes),
aggregating process-specific data is not appropriate.
8.1 INCINERATION
Hazardous wastes are sometimes incinerated to break down hazardous
constituents into less hazardous components. In 1986,197 facilities
incinerated 1.09 million tons of hazardous waste.
Charts 8.1-1 and 8.1-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in incinerators in each EPA
region in 1986. Charts 8.1-3 and 8.1-4 show the same information for each
state or territory.
-------
Chart 8.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Incinerators per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed -1.09 million tons
0>
II
4
a
!
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages Indicate the percentage of all
hazardous waste managed In Incinerators that was
managed in the region Indicated.
Source: TT-140(B3)
-------
Chart 8.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Incinerators per EPA Region in 1986
Total number ol facilities - 197
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X incfcdes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol all
facilities with incinerators that are located in the
region indicated.
I
o
CD
!
M
«0
Source: TT-140(B3)
-------
130
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 8.1-3 Quantity Of Hazardous Waste incinerated by State In 1986
Quantity Manas led Percentage of
State f million tons i Total Quantity Manaaed
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Connecfleut^;r'"?v - >:.•;• ;-"::r:,; -'-••;
Delaware:;.:, ;;,•%••;; :• -;.: :; .-• •.• ;':.:;.;:
District of CdlumbTi: ;?• ;::- \j~\- *t'>:::: \ ; '•• • •:/*<» •• . :
Nevwfe
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Nortb Dakota
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinps
. Indiana-";
..teWftrHlii.:::;
Kansas ££• '> I * I i s. -?|; < ? P. j
; Kirtujigr^r^i^
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
i •j-^Vf.--'- '-^
OWahoma ;
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South CaroRna
South Dakota
Tennessee
Utah'
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
. -:' •:* •:i';:1ui,.O.MEl^.«;-;^-':;;:':,.t 1 ^^^^••^^••^'^;•;'::
' .. o: •;-. :^ftWtrr": .:••;:'. • I;.:-;.r:">- <0l^ri:.;.:: .•--•- ,M: ••* "*'
;., .= ^;v^o.c««>--::''V;-:!;H;::;-^vtj^r^:-';>!tr="r- '•
v,;.*.v,,^1^x,i.^^,,,.v.,i,:,..;,,,,™,,,,f,,ixW,.^L^x.^ ••„ ^,, ^,,:.,, ,
0.0
33
0.0
2.7
,r..,.. • ,. - fr™'--iHtl&tv.'W^.'•••'•:••'••'••••; :'•''••. r
•> ,.. •. •• aw*:- •;•-. ••>••„• ; • ..;•., > ••
: i ... . • j« •:. -'-j >:.'/••••..• :v •:. 4.-. , .
•••::.:^--:r^1it;,;,J^,;,,M^..:
: ':. '•'••".."•.' : QJf^-^fit^ .;.,: •.:- •• •: •••;•
: Q>fr*&m fes«.s^
<0.1»»
1J
0.4
0.0
49
5
19
30
«
3?:
3ff
18
10
50
7
51
9
1
34
53
.52.;
20
33
15
26
54
Total
1.09
100.0
•Less than 10.000 tons ol hazardous wmste were generated in these states in 1986.
'less than 0.1 percent of the totaJ quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 was generated In these states.
Source: TT-140 (B3)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment
131
Chart 8.1-4 Number of Facilities Incinerating Hazardous Waste by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
: ':. ' ^Conriectlduti ; 1 i 1 ^ <: ' ; ; ':' :- -: ;: ; : : ;; K
'•':• :D8laWare.*;.i::i:::;.;:;::-;; ^ ii 'i 1 ;^:^;;.-!:;
,:;:Dis^;^f^ui^a!^|i;|^;||:i ;;;';•
::':'• Ftofkffl ; %;:.;;.:; j :••;! j ;;;:•;:.;;•.:; j ;:; j .,'.:: i; \ ;..!;.; ; !;;;; i; v
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
^•^iKiii 11
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
:; ;Mbsisa^!iH5;;:;r:;(.:::i :'.•• .:P W;;-
:,-• ux2^fl|^:-i:fi^^^^S
\'ltobri«k»vlu:'if^^j^3j-'^|
1 ' Nevada;1 ;"*';' 1; ^ ' '-^ '• •; • ' : • :~ ^ • '• ;; ^ :^.^.^
New Hampshire "
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Nor*; Oakol«fc i ; ^'r| ;: ; j : j ? |||;
SSS^2S?fttf;r|j:
... Pennsyhrtuita >.?:"•.. .^..::^-;'^.;.;
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
: Texa* ' • i: ::i- 'i^i^M^r*5' :'? J ^
Utah ' ••|J^^^&*c^';
Vermont, ."p^lf^1^^-
Vffyui isJanQ1;^?'.' v^^. ••- -. :;,
. Virflinia" • -''.•',• ^;::' "\ .,<,-. :."••.
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyomina
Total
Number of
RCRA TSDR Faell
7
0
1
5
8
'^^•iii^^ifilSI^
ii!4rt:i.:.::ii'2s^M:'i':
:J;:;i::?;J;;::::;:.O:;?^';/:;'
l^::iy^jt:^:;l;.!;::
2
0
0
2
.. 7 ........
i|ill|l§:
"""'"""""""""""o"""
3
2
2
1
;§::;, ::|i:: Oj'. 1j:;;':;;: ;;:..;:;.:'
•^:£:.;;f^S
l^^^f'^P;!^
i:ii':"!-i"i-f!:\: ••••••: '.'• ]'•'•'••• JM- ':(••• '•• •
,.„„.„:„„: .:, ,,,,::,„
8
1
10
6
ilxl^^r^^r'o
HS'S??
;!'::;'^?K::;::«iv -'•••:'
„,,,,,,„ ,.,,,.^..,:...,.
0
7
0
2
s^'cT-v 31 "" '
".? '• : . 2 • • .
'<.'*<'. r 0
., • . 0
••;• : -. 2. .
2
5
4
0
197
Percentage of £
Hies RCRA TSDR FacllHlee F
3.6
0.0
0.5
2.5
^ .4.1
^?^^^^^\^^S^^^f:^'^'-^^
'• d I '^ ) ! ? f ? ! !! 1 i ? ?ls i •? /:'1 J3>: ; ; :': ;; .? ^ -i ;' ;''•' •. : •• •' : ' : ; • V ;. :• :;. -.' ';. '•: ' ? ! :'
:5::;-::-;n;!;::;j:;;:'^o;t^:;?:-!;:-^sV;.;: ij;i ::•;• : :'• i;::H:::.;:'' :-' I:' •'!' f'^
ii^^HC^^tj^ri'^i^^;^^^"1^';-^-::;/^.1^:-^?:^
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
.................. ...3.6 [[[
lS!iiili^iXii9
^ :,,,,.,,,,,...,,,,,,......
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
;;:;^;;:;::Hi;AlJP;W:l^ :;H;
^^li^^^^^^^^i^!^^
^•^j^^^^^iiije^^y^^^^^
':•••. ••£ ••• •:•!•: ii I:'!: ^.'^ |:.1 ££££!'•:• ^ ^ ^'OJS^-- ^::'i'.^ '•• ^ i-.^ :i-^ -^^'^ :: '-: ^.¥.:" :v'= := :W ^ ^ :- •: :::'
^SW.^^^™™™^^,^...^^™,:^^^^,,,^::,^^:.,.
4.1
03
5.1
3.0
• *D J; ? ;: '; ff S;; ' ^^ • I N':; :<^^F- N? "' ^! IS ^^?^
2¥v^S!S?Sl^^S^ffiP^-S
A;.';;^'^;^:^-S-^ci:'^-:'H;v;^
,.,,,,. :,,„:,,,:,:»,,, .,,, , g'^^'
0.0
3.6
0.0
1.0
- ••••; - --'".iKr^ ".•'-,.. '-•'. -•. .'•
• : '• 1.0 '' ' •
' 0,0- .'. • '. ' •
o.o;. . •'••''
' '• 1.0;.'' '• •
1.0
2.5
2.0
0.0
100.0
State
lank
13
42
38
16
7
asP.'-K"'1 -?:- '•"
285 S ;;.v-::: .-.' •'/•'• ':
•43;:;;i-:i;;;:::J .;•/;.'
. ^7;:'': ' ' " ' ;i.:: • '
24"
44
45
32
10
i^ll^l!
45"
19
26
23
34
•'^•^HPu •;:"•'
•'•^:^MW^,,
,'48^:/'.-.Y:'' •
• 37-;:' '"'• '''• '"" '".:
"49" "":"::'"":"';":"
5
41
4
15
.'36;:;::J;V:.::-.;.';.:
.'29; -.;;V ';.:..
:.u'.^::':'- ^--:
"12'"'""":
50
11
51
22
. t,;:. .:;... ....
$\: • •••• ' ••'
53^' ..:.. '"'
-------
132
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 8.1-5 shows the types of incinerators that were operated in 1986. For
each type of incinerator, the chart shows the quantity of hazardous waste
managed and the number of facilities operating that type of incinerator.
Chart 8.1-5 Types of Incinerators and Quantity Managed in 1986
Type of Incinerator
Liquid Injection
Rotary Kiln with Liquid
Injection
Multiple Hearth
Undisclosed
Rotary Kiln
Rxed Hearth
Pyrolytta Destructor
FlukJized Bed
Other
Two Stage
Fume/Vapor
Total
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
0.65
0.30
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
1.09
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Managed
59.4
280
3.1
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.3
1.1
0.1
<0.1
100.0
Number
of
Facilities
99
21
6
11
23
17
7
7
15
17
2
197
Percentage
of
Facilities
50.3
10.7
3.0
5.6
11.7
8.6
3.6
3.6
7.6
8.6
1.0
100.0
Souica: TT-141 (B4, B17A)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment 733
8.2 SOLIDIFICATION
Hazardous wastes are often solidified or encapsulated to prevent hazardous
constituents from entering the environment during land disposal. In 1986,
122 facilities solidified 0.77 million tons of hazardous waste.
Chans 8.2-1 and 8.2-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in solidification processes in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 8.2-3 and 82-4 show the same information
for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 8.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Solidification Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed • 0.77 million tons
I
a
I
I
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage of all hwardous
waste managed in solidification processes that was
managed hi the region indicated.
Source: TT-140(E3)
-------
Chart 8.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Solidification Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 122
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage of al
facilities with solidification processes thai are
located in the region indicated.
en
I
a
I
I
Source: TT-140 (E3)
-------
136
1936 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 8.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Solidification by State in 1988
State
Quantity Managed
(million tons
Percentage of
Total Quantity Manaaed
State
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
t&x^mzm^-
• District of Columbia
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Kansas
Kentucky:
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas,-::,:". '*••:%::
Vermorti
Virgin
Washington
Wast Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Total
0.77
100.0
•Less than 10,000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states In 1986.
'loss than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated In 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-140(E3)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment
137
Chart 82-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Solidification Processes by State in
198*
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
.• ;• '• Colorado;!; m «1 i? ill ?:i ;;
.".! CjbrirteCilc^lH'S;;':;.;
:.;;:''pB)awaiii|f;||;:i|iPJ5;:
': :;i : District of CoJurnbiis £
i t Rbrtdaslill^j*^ |
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
';•- tow*;t^:dS-;:^:- :*:::
' ': • KansasVS t\ :| ': ;! ".' ' : ; \ ••-'-. -\ •>
'•••• /Kantticki^^lsB^:.^
'"' Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
••'""MfcWiW^illlf^-i'T
•• ?. •• MlssourfiSsii M i:#ifi:;U vsi-i :
: -: : ' ^rtana$li:S' ' ••• •: § tf;
' - NsbraSkBiSi':'-'" -:s::'; "!:>::
"'-Nevada:?01?:PrS^
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
:"'"8SSSIS1E
'• Otdahoffniy'^1:5^ :!-i'i:'::i
. Qragor* •: >.;-.-? * •: V :; r ;'•; * :' '; :: '
:: -Piflnsylvanla^i^i
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texaas-.;:'!i*J^^MB
^^jj^'^-Pil^H
Virgin bhindW^I
• V&Binl*:,;.;:x:lMO
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyomino
Total
Number of
RCRA TSDR FacllHle*
2
0
0
1
7
.., .; ............. ,,. ...... ;..;,j.., ... , ... ., .. .. ... .. , ... ..... ... , ... ..
: ;::;;• i •; i : ::';; '•.? .s1': :'• :•-:.:.', ; S. ;• s? :•«•*; i ;*•! :SB s ;j:>i;.-:; **; .;; i
: ?; :i ;:|i:;i !^| \ I ji:| :; ^|| ;^OJ5| 11? * 1 !;||« ?; || *;
'^i j: :; > i-^i: •::•:! ? t-:! ::i > v.:i ,,,,,,,,:,:.,.K,;o,:,:,:x,,,,i,,, :<,:,,,,,,„ ,*„:<..<,::,,
6
0
3
2
1 • • 7;:';: f j '; ;; ' "•;•( .; rt;?! :?>' :;":; i- 1 ; ?::; ; fj^T? f ;^i? ;• W;
;-?;i:;i:si:; i^: * ;is i w/^ ; i* •;•* -Oifeo;--? ^ ^iS'iS ii s-; ;;--
; : -; : s •• i ;: * ; < '?f S ^ ^ *1 ^ :•' J ': ?0 :^ :^ ^ f- ^].1 ?t-^l ; '-
:' •• " !^:- 5 S > 4;S JS 1 -i :;•' • t ii ^v ;-:•; :k? i;..' ^ 5 ; '•:::':• ^'i? " '.
Poroontfifl^ of
RCRA TSDR FacllHles
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.8
5.7
2%£i%X*J&%WW*-:^''^&W
m;m*xmm^.-ii •:>•-::-,
mm$$ *? i ! i ';'.' '' •''.'.;.•' \ '•.'• •:
•• vj; ifl .5 |:':;i i:i:-f *%^f ^; :i 'i-;: i; ; ii i :;.:: jV'-' IJ :'.; ;:.< ji i:.:: ; . '-. S ':
.,,,:.,.::,:.,,,.2^.,,,,,,,,,,,:,, :........,,.,.:.:. .,
0.0
0.0
1.6
4.9
^•^//.^Q&^^
^^i^^^^''^lf-'^/---'\
•J.: :-;..:::•••;: s. :; • A «* & i -• :: :• '• ii :•• tf. 5 '.'.•.>.;.. > .. ;. , :, ::;••.;
;:;:.::•: •ids.y ?•: :T^::::-:; ^i?^^?^:;.?'1: ; : :•• ••-;: ::
™«.:,,J.:,J,.,:..i^,.,,H,,:,,,,,,,,,,:»,,v.,,,.,,,
4.9
0.0
2.5
1.6
'^:rm:^mm^^w^^:
'$ iSS *:!«! -! S« :^'0i:ij::: Sftii 4 5 S :•! : ': '-: :: •. .;. * 5 ! .'. :: :• '.-I :•:•.:
'j^^^^fl&tti^''^*!^^^*:'.-^^-'.:'
<^^5^'^a^/?i?iris?ll^"=?:?r^;'
^ /:: •'. K:: *3*i t* ^ f?*:?*^ ' A^'V ^'^^:^ ^ ': >;-;^ -:;^i;; ^^V^ ^ :^^ ^. rtjti^i^ ^fi'"^^^ ^'i- •^•l1'^ ^ :^i: :;' :
.., ..,-.,,,,,,,,..,,,.,:,,,o,.,: .,.,.,,:.„,,:.„
2
1
3
1
: •-•: :-::sW*1^>'S^:>x'r.^: v ^r'^ ••;•*••;:•; *jt»>? ^> ::.'::-^ »y:^^^ .^r^^'1
.: •>'? .: ?i > :: "S /: :: •;;::': • ;; ss ;• vs ?: w: ; ;- ? : :.i w; *s s ./-::; ;: W- :: •
.. ••"ii.'v'iM ::-:-.H5T>:-:-:.-i'iji..;.'j«:: i.-;;-1-:- ">•:.:•;• ?''":•;•! -s^:
:: - fi ?! ,i ; ESiV'W'- -i s«-J :i;:.:; ;>.;!* •.• :; ;;- K 5 ••• :-::;.;,:; :::;. :: yfyK ;
: i^i? : x S :!:-;•; J ;i? ; S iiS:i:'i S:i!--; j: : 'i si-;:': ; :/ ••? ^; & ?:-• ; ; li: - ::
:' ; ••¥ ?? :'.? ? V -i :: .: .;?':wi::i;': J: :1 n ?:::-i';:: ;\.;- : ••!: ; ?*''!' : ;i ::;;;•-
:.•.; «• :• '; '• > :. "'? J; Sir ;?:&;?; y.sh*-; :: :'i.:: - •• S Hw ? : -:-': : X:i
:'.:; ::/.' • o >: .•.•:-.p;./:X'>i-:: ^^>; v .":•:•.-> A i:':'1*^.'.' •. ,•:•:'.•: . : :••'••;:•:•:- -•••.«.•', :'.-.:I':::;>A*:^
1
0
3
0
3
^IMppftv-:; ;.:;:. t4. .-:.;::,,:; •;••;- •;••-::.
ifeS^^l'iX' /.-- "::.':;:':::::
§^§'^111- 1?-^^..;,:- :":": ;%
:::':;^-1:>;.sH;::h'>:::'';::; :!:i.'jj.::::::- : '•'• ••"'>•:'•:':'
7
0
1
1
122
8JZ
1.6
0.8
U
0.8
«!~wmi:imm®!^: :: :: :- '-: '•• ••;<-• •••-•-.
•: J 3 iSlK E fJ •: •'. :• »*• '• 'f 3S -•;:-::•;•; :"': •: :;' :' V '- : ! .:,:•, :, - .' ,' •
^i^S?oa1isil!^.r?:^:^^S.^;:-
-.:;:. ; ;"yi;: J" V:"j — ^ji^1^;1'!".' f .y •S/i^:- '';--' :; ':•;.;
;•.•;•;:•;!: Jv |: :;•:;: :: ;1 4l'.i:;i;i-:: ••: ? :; ::;.:' :;' ! |::':: :;..^:: i :•: ': •'• .•;.;•; ..:. - :.'.:
',',, '(3. :n ''wfc :-• :&fVti i • i; |i :i%"?^: ;' • '- ; :': :: £*'. '
'"0.8 ' " """
0.0
2.5
0.0
2.5
;.r ':' /' :-ii:3^;ii- '•-:';•:' • •..::'' ':'." '•' • • :
.^;.^k:^-w^^lf^;%-^-':?::-'A-':;^
:;;':V^^r:«»^;;i-r:^;^.- '''"?;••:
: •-.': - ; ; ; ? ' J • :' :' .'1 .8>!' i:;: ••>•••: :: .:'..•;;.•:'- :: ''. i* : •':;•::
"" 5.7
0.0
0.8
0.8
100.0
State
Rank
17
35
36
25
5
:;;.:-:tr':-:- S:../::-"
":V;..-1S«..:':: . '-. •
^^38^'^-. :-.-
•^nar^.'.-'-'V1-:-1''5'-
:,:.:;:,::,39:::;;: .,,;-•,. ,:•/
13
40
41
24
7
>:-;;:-'42:::",;-;';' • -,- ' -
sk43.:::.-:--:::-: ;••••'. '
.!..:\i.e:;;': :-;;;:;.;.; ;'-:;
'"":;""i;"32":;'""::"""
8
44
12
22
v-,,; -3t, ,..;-; ;;:•,,,,;,:,-
:;?;:;:;4S^..;;:....:;.;.
H::::^':48i' ' - ".
Wwfcr.'S'-'-1:
3
18
33
14
29
T:p-47;x ••..:'.' ••••••-
::-i;K'-:2^/.^ .
•:?& '•»:•;•: .\v: -. -
••::;;;; it."- .•:••• • •.
•"••:.i.;::'-;4C ::..•, ' .
34
50
11
51
15
: ••/••• ^-.:-
••i,? 27: • . '-
'•••:.:;: 52:1 •
20
6
54
30
28
Source: TT-140 (E3)
-------
138
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chan 8.2-5 shows the types of solidification processes operated in 1986.. For
each type of solidification process, the chart shows the quantity of hazardous
waste managed and the number of facilities operating that type of
solidification process.
Chan 8.2-5 Types of Solidification Processes and Quantity Managed In 1986
Solidification Type
Pozzotonlc
Cement or Cement/Silicate
Other
Jacketing
Undisclosed
Organic Polymer
Aspnaltfc
Thermoplastic
Unknown
Total
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
0.45
0.12
0.03
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.77
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Managed
59.0
16.0
4.0
0.4
0.1
<0.1
0.0
0.0
20.5
100.0
Number
of
Facilities
53
65
10
4
5
2
1
1
-
122«
Percentage
of
Facilities
43.4
53.3
8.2
3.3
4.1
1.6
0.8
0.8
-
100.08
• A single facility may have more than on* type of solidification process. Tharafora. adding the number of facilities with
each type of process results in double-counting. The number shown Is the total number of facilities with solidification
procassas without double-counting.
Source: TT-141 (E4, E21a)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment 139
8.3 WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Wastewater treatment is the most common hazardous waste treatment
activity. Generally, wastewater treatment is regulated by the Clean
Water Act and does not require a RCRA permit In 1986,4,399 facilities
managed 731.98 million tons of hazardous waste (98 percent of all
hazardous waste generated) in wastewater treatment processes.
Charts 8.3-1 and 8.3-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in wastewater treatment
processes in each EPA region in 1986. Charts 8.3-3 and 8.3-4 show the same
information for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 8.3-1 Quantity ol Hazardous Waste Managed In Wastewater Treatment Processes per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 731.98 million Ions
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol all
hazardous waste managed in wastewater treatment
processes that was managed in the region indicated
8
O>
II
4
II
U
Source: TT-140 (H3). GG-170 (GE3). TT-140II (H3)
-------
Chart 8.3-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Wastewater Treatment Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 4.399
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentage indicate the percentage of all facilities
with wastewater treatment processes that are
located to the region indicated.
I
I
Dl
Source: TT-140 (H3). GG-170 (GE3). TT-140II (H3)
-------
142
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 8.3-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managsd In Wastowater Treatment Processes by Stats In 1986
Stats
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
';' ': CoJoraoow!::'-!! - :> ™-' - : ':
: : :.: ' /*'n fri.i' "i i /^ f livi't'''''''" •"•':: '' •''•• •:
'•• ; *^OniieC*lCUl:^|x:.r: >:;:.•-..:: ::
:: ? Dataware s: !£;.!?• ;;.?V!::?: !o
;: :j. ?' Floridar?;:?:!?™!;?;;; ii^j^ji
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
!: : ^Indiana:1 ::* ' '••' •'• ' '•• ''•'• - ' :-:;-
•" towa;;.-:-.-:.:--::" :-::-:;:::;;:|:
: 'KariBas;.!;:::::i?:;?!;;: ^^'
:. Kentucky**-:*:;!!? -i;:--
' Louislaiia: ! ;•'••:•
Mains
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnssota
Quantity Managsd
'million tons)
9.18
<0.01'
7.12
1.99
70.29
'"':." ; ' ''. '"'• '! •'•: :" ?.?;.:;?:: 'i Tf&$. ?! ^jjHj?*?;:';::;;!1 :?!::;;::;
:• ': ; :;.•. • :'-::.:•'••: ;•,'::•''•: ;:. ' -! !:'4' ',.':' j . i::':!: •.••'':• :?.:! : . : :-: '.'•
: : ' ."'" ! i f ::V v = •' ':' '. ^ ': •? '.'.'. : ''3 4^ 4:'';: -;1 :| ;::;:•:: *\ ';'•'•
:; ':•:- if'.'"f^ y:^,-:i';.>ff:V;i'.ijl3i;&:(& &
'? l^-i^ ^I^M^y^wit^lliits :::|;
•:•:-: fc! ^ i.!.1.: •: v'! 5 ::'.:: ?.'..• *:-;S !? If? i %'T-^^^ > ^i ':: &
16.92
0.00
0.04
1.98
35.71
.. -..;.•; -. ..... :...:. .: ..; -.-.- ,; -. .. .. :.:_•...;.: •-• : • v gVg>:; ; '•: "i :-:-|: ;i; :| [; ;
;l:^H^'-il^:^t^:-^^^"^:1^
• . ' ? !: :: :i..:-;- :; :;: t :!: ;;; :.!: :;. : !; .- ::. '; '"' :: ': ;1 ;86& ;• : '•' :: - ': ^ '• '
:••" :: :•• - ; •:'::••'.•::•:''; .!• ;; • : !;. s :• 16i83;i- i; :-! ; L :"i 5 . '•
; s ;.; v :?.: <:• ;: .: i :;::;;:;•"•; i :>/.: 'l^JQif. .:! !;. !. i. : J ':
13.32
3.95
5.96
53.90
3.36
Percentage of
Total Quantity Managed
1.3
<0.1b
1.0
0.3
9.6
:?;?::::? K? J. -i^*;: ^S^^^S:^::;^!-^; ::-
:'i:::'-:: :::'•':"•'. .:: '•-••::;:::.: '. ^.:^.:. '•'.:.':. : :! ';'.:;:••.-' :i •:::..•:'•:':••::!-•;':
:i!':::i:i:; '.•• /•'. ••: ••'• ::.!::: '•'•TrT?'^::;11::1::! ::•'::: :•: • ;':!'v:-. . :- -.-•;-:
1 1;;:-;!; fi :;' •:;' :;<& '^Q^ViKiiix^i '•;; !:.:;: ;:.'-. .;'??:1::-1:-
I?:!?-?' 1^: 1 !?• Ill --(UJ^II^S^I^:^:?!^
j?:?;':;: m .5 S si is ?. jO;?*-^^^"^^^''^.!^:
' 23
0.0
<0.1b
0.3
4.9
- ;_; ... ;. ; . . -. .;. . .- •-• • -_- •.; -. ; •_: .;;.-.-.. y^'v'C'''?^-. \.'A \- '-: - ^ '.'t P.: ??'^ '': "' '~
•^{3ly^>4$ ^oja^Mti&t^i ••
?: <'f '•'. :i :? ': ': :: * ^ ' s ^i. ;: (J^KJ--^;: ' ^!f.* ?S ! i 'ji i Ji I- :? ;
: .: ;;:; :: •! 'i :! • .i;i '" :. '. ;!:.||: ^-^gjj <; i-if ?:•!; ;; ';! ;:•;: ;::j ;: • •': !; ^ ', 1 .;
• ;:-..': :..;.:•:: • ;:.;;: :•• . i ?. .?: j. ;- ^ ^^ :;::?;!; j: ;! :::!??:-??; s si S :: :; *
""i.8" ' "'""""
0.5
0.8
7.4
0.5
State
Rank
16
50
20
35
3
;..••: :; J' ' :: j j :; ''3JJV ? '! ?' J.' j; :i:": •":''"
':•..:".::•-.;.: :. ;i * —:-'.:• ":::'.::: ::. ;;•:.• ;'':.':
..:••;•':' ::-::'-1:'.: IO-::-!-;:":!-;-;': ':.:'•-:••'. :
; : ;; ?.? :: ? ; -. '• " 40^:-! : :! !??;?• ^ L-:- :; -' : :'- •
^i^:;^;.-'S2|1;^::: !;";?•; -ijv
I'1? .;'•* S i. ? :: i j 25 i! ^?^ ^ ':• -' f ••! ^ " : :'
""13
53
46
37
8
"1::':::,1-'::::-": '•''•' i?'-,-:'' '''••''•'.:•%'•':•' :•'• :"
:;;•:;••;? i;','^^';!^'':';:-.
':' : ': ;- i'38s?.1:^!S:;V:--: ••'-:' :/-'
'•-, v:.;'; ltw\&U: ;:.';,''.::
!•.; -:,::. :: ;:"i7^u-:.i';:-:.,:--"::
""" 16 "' '
28
22
4
30
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Worth Dakota
Oh'b. :•.
Oklahoma; -;
Oregon:
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Teia».i:-: ^^:':"K.l!::^^^^^^?s$ff;fgf
• Utah.-- .'• :':.:• -!^^^^^^^xf^
Vermont :-:- ,-•. -li-i.-.';^^^^?;^:^}.-./''-'--1-
Virg in Island: : si ; • ^^"^l^j-;;^; r ; :: ;!
Vlrainta •'•:•'•• ''•v<-'-v^Uj:,&;i":;-::- :'• :
»*^"^ - • •'>.• ••. . .v/^.vvI-.-^'^.4!>.v«.v:v^.-.v:s'.-. ,v >. : ^
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
1.99
5.79
6.12
<0.01*
24.60
>::!;A83«!s :!.:'.:SJ!:.:.
5 ^: 2,94s :!':':;'';: .:-'':
•;;!.'' :0.96i:;:;.' '•• -'^
'•"''OJXm. .,' ".; ;
^SWi^^^-1'1
'' 3.57
31.18
5.25
0.00
731.98
< >AV ^^.v. . «. ,v. ,w* .'«^.*. .•*•:- >: , ^T — ^^K-> '»««vi^K*^. ».v. ' Jtf.-f.: •.•/•:
o!a
0.8
<0.1*
3.4
; -.^ , ::;- .-.•;• ;.:. ^ ^"^^^Si^-jffH:-^; -^;: .i:.!
.: .i -: ; : : : . :," -^ .^ QASK .-;-.•- :: .;- •- ?'.-•:• >::-:-';
''..:';:;:: ^•'^•"^^ Qit!>- :;' V^-*-'-; ::";-;:: ;-:;-: -r--
i ' ;'•'• ' ':-':-.::: ;;;' 0^i::;>i:??:-/: '.::«:••::•:"''' -:
L..L. .„.•!:•.. ••:. :.,..:. i-M.:,.:!:;. Silgs;';^;;^;:^:^ .:,:-
0^
4.3
0.7
0.0
100.0
36
23
21
49
11
^.'.i^i-riT.^ivr&V?''--.-1. :;-
I-:'*?:' i- ":32.-:.:;;:;;:::-.::.:::';?'-:- ':
'.;;:!•: f';-- ' :4t;:;: :;': •':;•;. : .'..'•••
i :?";:;:.-:; 54':-::'::'::''. :'vH •'
;:'":'"::.i.:-'?:. ' fl?'^ '': '• " ' - •' :- S :> :' -'l
29
10
24
51
•Loss than 10,000 tons of hazardous wasts wsrs gsnsratsd in thsss statss in 1986.
loss than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous wasts gsnsratsd In 1986 was generated In these stata
Source: TT-140 (H3). GG-170 (GE3). TT-140II (H3)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment
143
Chart 83-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Wastewater Treatment Processes by
State in 198ft
Number of
Slate RCRA TSDR Facllttto*
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
:;|C6nne«^g|jj-J5g3gJJ^I
^^Otorirt'ol^UmttialilpS^Ilt
1 . ' :- Roritfa f y '$£j ;j ;; ; i. ; .; ;.;,; !i ;: ;f | :i:i ';;| ; .3 ;; ; ;i;:: ;.
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
: fnHftnfi : : ' :• '- '•'• '•'• '' '' '' • :.' '- ' •-• • '"'' " ' • -= ':'-:'? -• *' :: ''^ ''• * -
•:.!^SS^77:::-
'i'iSS^^&X''^^9
"""Maine •••''•'-•"•™"-'~"::-"M™™^"'-
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
... iji^:.— *^t '•''-'' *'• • '' " • ''''•' '•• •':•:••''
.-••, MISSOlin ••;; ?:".• :• . i;-: v..-. ;: ". ; . .'• .; • '; :,'.: <; •• ;'••-.
... : Montana..1 •-:'•. :}••••.' . '•.]' '•••'-'• -:':- .'•. :'
•: Nebraska!'-.-; --v1.'". ••.• --'^ ^?^':i:'
•;..Nevad»-:;.-:.:;-.i"';\ :. •:•:•. ,-.;^..^..
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Nortti Datotav ;:- •' :- .•'"' ^.f'--
Ohto / ...:•. ' ..• '•': ;; ^ •)•;,
'•Oklahonai:! -: •. • . '•*""'' :::
••Oregon:: ••" ..' •""•" .^•'*^^
Penrnytvania,;:. ; . :;.Ju£j£^iL£.
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas • •' ^i-^^^^^^P-^TP'^
Utah: • : . . Ji^^^^^*hv>'V:::-:": •
Vermont, -.":!"":': *•-'. '.y.\.'-. .
V&gin Island ;<::.:: ';.*: *•*'.',•?'••'-'•
: .V&ginia • ..... .:•.;.. ,,;..' --.
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
81
1
61
32
625
SlWSSS
;?;i1§?rMPiS3
:;lv !: ':•• :! .:• !-t (j'ft--:--.:: *'••' •• "• : • '^ '^ ^:
,:.:.,„.,. 6_,,:K.-:,,, .. .,:
0
3
6
234
•: '-•' ."• :. * "1'jl!"1"' • • !'• :" :' ''• '' ''"'• "
Sw^S'S:'
BSS^fc^S-i
,:,,,.,,:,,.._,:,,,,„,,.,,:,,,,
47
215
210
v.,...vv..«5
• ::B/; : -ao J:: ;:•*•;;;.;
>.:.. ::;.j' '. 2- ': 'f ^f 'i '•'•'' \
; . -.;-S !••:•• '22, ;:"?•; ^ ' ,': :'..;<
. "' • ' ' 6'-' ' ' •'•• •''•'• •'
'53'""' "
153
7
187
105
". :':. '2'!-'i;::r?-r.'r-;-
'\.^;:. 253^- : ' -:'.
':<:'."'; 31;:-.;>' -s. :;-i.
.':^"v3t-| ::., ".'',""'
^iii^ j 302^'v » ': - -1 •
31
61
6S
1
91
:;f ;2*7- ••'<••- v.
•i ••"••.•.• 1 9 '
':'< •- 14:
•''•'.'; ".•''.'-• 0^'
',; -'-67-
58
40
104
1
4.399
Percentage of
RCRA TSDR Facilities
1.8
0.0
1.4
0.7
14.2
iliSlJ^^^I':;^^-.^?'
WS^J^mmK^-^^:^
K-. .-,.;,...... ; •..;•-- ..; :.:.-...:,...:.:^.:. «j» |: : ;>•:;• :::;;r ;^: :•••: ••:••••••; •; |: •;• ;^\: ;
:,.,,,.,..,, •.,,,:,:,,,.^.5,,,:.,,::,,:..,, ,:.•,,,,:,
0.0
0.1
0.1
5.3
'• '::-'-.-."-"-. •': ;'.' '••• '' "::'i;-"::^ilfl:;.':":":"i": "; :""''" ::''.":':':::- ^i1-
IvvSS^^SSSII
ffi^SlS^SiiPiKSl!
..,..,,.,:,,,.,, ,™,^ ,,,,,.,,.,,.,-,.
1.1
4.9
4.8
,w^....,OT^,2.2
v^y.H'i|[vi3^i^i3:;S^M.
.: .' :'f::: l.?;'';^^^-;-.1 ••"•;:' ••.''• •'•
''.-'}'•«:>*:•:*'•. Jf&'ftJBfe&ft1'-- '*!*'.'. '••''•': ' :••
''', :.; v:i;:.::::'U^. '{fcl- Ji-'- :^ ' ' iO: ': "V^.: !'.'
1^ '
33
0.2
4J3
2.4
••.;;•,.••: ";r-^»^0j|^/".""''; '" •' •:
'". • '•••, .•''• -:"y . 5JJk-;^ *.'•'• :-'':-'"i!"'. -
' . 1J5^~ '.':.V : .I-;' :^' 'i.
1.3'
0.9
2.4
0.0
100.0
State
Rank
17
49
23
32
1
•'^.7:7^,*;.;.:: :'•': %. •'
%0fl^'-::.,Z'^
:.-:,, ,:,:.,,:,,,.:,:_1 :,-:,,::,,,,...,.
53
46
44
5
:| :',;:::: "•'-; '.::.:':;:." •* <'•":'' : ;', "!'
Slfel^K;¥^:-
S;J-^K'^-':.
:„„„„.. ,:,;,3y,:.,,.
29
6
7
v 15
;^:^' '=-'«:-.:'
::: :-:-:-':. -47:
:;u= -•:;-. 38-.
'•.'•- :..'::" :!'4S:
" 26
10
43
9
13
'•';•-. . . <•;••.-':, 48 ^j.- . . • '
-''!. • 3~ : '
.•7, '.'••'•' 33 -V •' "
"~ '."'""T-.:3*':
""""""""""""35"'
24
22
50
18
" '.'. - A ' '
*:':'VT'' . 740,, .
;, '..,, '"::... 41 .
'•'' '.' ''•" ' S4'-
v!.--i. ',••>??: ''2flt;---
25
30
14
51
Source: TM40(H3).GG-170(GE3).TM40II(H3)
-------
144
1936 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 8.3-5 shows the types of wastewater treatment processes operated in
1986. For each type of process, the chart shows the quantity of hazardous
waste managed and the number of facilities operating that type of process.
Chart 8.3-5 Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes and Quantity Managed In 1986
Type of Wastewater
Treatment Process
Chemical Precipitation
Equalization
Biological Treatment
nitration
Oil Skimming
Adsorption
Sludge Dewaterlng
Chromium Reduction
Air Flotation
General Oxidation
Unknown
Stripping
Cynide Oxidation
Comptexed Metals Treatment
Other Liquid Phase Separation
Emulsion Breaking
Evaporation
Total
Quantity
Managed
(million tons)
329.94
238.33
200.60
133.97
119.49
77.26
73.23
52.47
30.34
25.76
2053
13.93
12.56
9.35
8.64
8.32
7.04
731.98*
Percentage of
Total Quantity
Managed
45.1
32.6
27.4
18.3
16.3
10.6
10.0
7.2
4.1
3.5
2.3
1.9
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
100.0*
Number
of
Facilities
2.121
971
173
709
585
292
1.929
1.354
111
202
197
127
707
275
309
188
195
4.399b
Percentage
of
Facilities
48.2
22.1
3.9
16.1
13.3
6.6
43.9
30.8
2.5
4.6
4.5
2.9
16.1
6.2
7.0
4.3
4.4
100.0"
« A single waste may be managed In more than one wastewater treatment process. Therefore, adding the
quantities managed In each type of process results In double-counting. The number shown Is the total
quantity managed in wastewater treatment processes without double-counting.
b A single facility may have more than one type of wastewater treatment process. Therefore, adding the
number of faculties with each type of process results in double-counting. The number shown is the total
number of facilities wtth wastewater treatment processes without double-counting.
Source: TG-045 (H4. H21. GE4, GE17)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment
145
Chart 8.3-6 shows the regulatory status of facilities that manage hazardous
waste in waste-water treatment processes. The chart shows the numbers of
facilities that operated wastewater treatment processes and were subject to
RCRA-permitring requirements or exempt from RCRA-permitting
requirements. The chart does not refer to the permitting status of the facilities'
wastewater treatment operations. Instead, the chart indicates whether any
operation at the facility is subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Chart 8.3-6 RCRA-Permrttlng Status of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Wastewater
Treatment Processes In 1986
RCRA-Permlttlng Status
Exempt from permitting requirements8
Subject to permitting requirements11
Total
Number
of
Facilities
3.323
1.076
4,399
Quantity Managed
in Wastewater Treatment
(million tons)
266.21
465.77
731.98
a Facilities managing hazardous waste only In units exempt from RCRA-permitting requirements.
b Facilities managing hazardous waste in at least one unit subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
Source: TT-140(H3),GG-170,TT-140II(H3)
-------
14$
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Facilities can conduct wastewatcr treatment in tanks, surface impoundments,
or both. Generally, surface impoundments are subject to RCRA-permitting
requirements but tanks can be subject to or exempt from RCRA-permitting
requirements. Chan 8.3-7 shows the types of units that facilities used to
conduct wastewater treatment in 1986. Over 92 percent of facilities used
only tanks to conduct wastewater treatment
Chart 8.3-7 Number of Facilities by Type of Unit Used for Wastewater Treatment
Unknown
16
(0.3%)
Tanks and Surface
Impoundments
276
(6.3%)
I
Surface Impoundments Only
38
(0.9%)
Tanks Only
4,069
(92.5%)
I
Total number of facUntos • 4,399
Source: (H14)
8.4 OTHER TREATMENT
Respondents to the Generator and TSDR Surveys also reported data on any
treatment activities in 1986 other man those specifically mentioned in the
surveys (Le., incineration, solidification, and wastewater treatment). In 1986,
128 facilities managed 1.98 million tons of hazardous waste in other
recycling processes.
Charts 8.4-1 and 8.4-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and the
number of facilities managing hazardous waste in other treatment processes in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 8.4-3 and 8.4-4 show the same information
for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 8.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Other Treatment Processes per EPA Region In 1966 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed • 1.98 million tons
<0.01
(02%)
Region VIII
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol all hazardous
waste managed in other treatment processes thai was
managed in the region indicated.
Region VI
CO
*
s
I
o
&
a
•u
VI
Source: TT-140 (I26). TT-140II (I26)
-------
Chart B.4-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Other Treatment Processes per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 128
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol all facilities
with other treatment processes that are located in
the region indicated.
I
I
s
Source: TT-140 (126). TT-140II (126)
-------
8. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Treatment
149
Chart 8.4-3 Quantity of Hazardous Wast* Managed In Other Treatment Processes by State in 1989
Quantity Manag
tons)
Parcantaga of
Total Quantity Manaoad
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansaa
California
.OiOft^i-P^i;^;^1;-
•».;jfcjj|-: \. :' :•.•":•:•/'-: '••'. ::"::. |. •;•:';.':•.••" .."-:.:.
DlstricititOolumbfe
Florida ;: i ; :;,: :;,;.; i ;.• •..; :; i '. ;: ;
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
!•,'&&&&*& >
Main*
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
'
. .
Naw Hampshira
New Jarsay
NawMaxIco
Naw York
North Carolina
V**B«*^$>&y&&
Puerto Rico
Rhoda Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tanna
Washington
Wast Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
in1986i
•Lass than 10,000 tona of hazardous waste wara generated In thasa sta
bLass than 0.1 percant of tha total quantity of hazardous wasta generated In 1986 was generated In these statea.
Source: 77-140(126),TT-140II(Ed)
-------
750
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chan 84-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Other Treatment Processes by State
In 1983-
State
Number ol
RCRA TSDR Facllttlea
Percentage of
RCRA TSDR FacllKlea
Slat*
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Ajfcansas
California
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
128
100.0
Source: TT-140 (KB). TT-140II (Q6)
-------
9. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Storage 151
9
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
METHODS: STORAGE
Under RCRA regulations, hazardous waste generally can be accumulated by
the generator for less than 90 days without a RCRA permit Hazardous waste
stored by the generator over 90 days or by a facility other than the generator of
the waste is generally subject to RCRA-permitting requirements. This chapter
describes this latter type of storage—storage subject to RCRA-pcrmimng
requirements. Throughout this chapter, the term "storage" is used to refer to
storage activities subject to RCRA-penrritting requirements ("accumulation"
refers to exempt storage). In 1986,1,785 facilities stored 188.8 million tons
of hazardous waste in units subject to RCRA-permitting requirements.
9.1 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Chart 9.1-1 shows the quantity of hazardous waste stored in each EPA region
in 1986. Region n stored the largest quantity of hazardous waste—
56.82 million tons, or approximately 30 percent of all hazardous waste stored.
Chart 9.1-2 shows the number of facilities storing hazardous waste in each
EPA region in 1986. Region V had the largest number of facilities storing
hazardous waste, with 474 facilities or over one-fourth of all facilities storing
hazardous waste.
Charts 9.1-3 and 9.1-4 show, respectively, the quantity of hazardous waste
stored and the number of facilities storing hazardous waste in each state in
1986. The largest quantity of hazardous waste stored was in New Jersey, with
almost 55 million tons of hazardous waste stored, or 29 percent of all
hazardous waste stored. California had the largest number of facilities storing
hazardous waste—158 facilities or 8.9 percent of all facilities storing
hazardous waste.
-------
Chart 9.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Stored per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity stored - 188.80 million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Quantity of hazardous waste stored In permitted or Interim status 7
units. Including tanks, surface Impoundments, and waste piles.
Percentages Indteale the percentage ol al hazardous waste stored
that was In the region Indicated.
1
I
I
I
I
Source: TT-148 (J29. K49. O8)
-------
Chart 9.1-2 Number ol Facilities Storing Hazardous Waste per EPA Region In 1986
Total number of facilities • 1.785
It
4
o
*
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Number ol ladUtles storing hazaidous waste In permitted or
Interim status units. Including tanks, surface Impoundments, and
waste plea. Peicentages Indtoate the percentage ol all lacUWes
storing hazardous waste that were In the region Indicated.
(n
y
a
Source: TT-148(J29.K49.O8)
-------
154
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 9.1*3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Stored par State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Quantity Stored
/.million tons)
0.21
o!oi
0.11
3.53
Percentage ol
Total Quantity Stored
0.1
<0.lb
0.1
1.9
State
Rank
21
45
36
26
8
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
186.80
100.0
•Less than 10,000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states In 1986.
"Less than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated In 1986 was generated In these states.
Source: TT-148 (J29. K49,08)
-------
9. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Storage
755
Chart 9.1-4 Number of Facilities Storing Hazardous Wast* par State In 198ft
State
Number of
Facilities
Percentage of
Total Number
Stat*
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
'
.
Dela«ai« .:;::'!•:'.:• i '-.V
District Columbia?
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
*W| '•¥:•¥ '• 'f '•'?
Maine
Man/land
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
, 40':,:v:. ••;.,;: ^ ^.- •< ;••:,; •; ',;s,&i<..£
3 0.2
30 1.7
24 1.3
83 4.6
38 2.1
12
43
22
31
1
11
52
42
41
5
*'::
30
r-: ,-*t1^*?:,>'
;.:;:,•:: ::-:^ :•••-••
"••"••.::.>? Vx ae".--:i'f ?•:• ::•.
..! :;.i":\?-'-;:'-^~%::.:.;il;ii;:.\ ':
"'"^ "••<•"'•"" "'"'
19 4
28 ;
7
15
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North CareOna
Puerto Rioo
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
^^^E^J^^^^K^^
;^rfl ?. o- - :- • .:;; ? •"'^r^;«N^.:C:^:-::
^i-^laS.'^.;:.2€<-'." :^ .•:'?.^^:::ksSii:l^j.^^:.*!vlJ^gSK8;!:j^;!i;^'^i
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
,•28!
29
26
34
4
1.6
1.5
1.9
0.2
"fZ^W:'-^'*%:::.:'•T'" :":?:
'^V;.;.L>:::-:'??:'-$*i.'J;:>;: '', '.•
r*7^:^; :47^:?'-,--.
^•.iCi^.'a*;.:': •
<:•:;• .!>:••; .'• J . <%.••''' . • •
i»ifc:;*s^>-:-:*»i.;.::::s,.:y;-:; ,,
21
24
18
44
Total
1,785
100.0
Source: TT-148 (J29. K49,06)
-------
156 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
9.2 TYPE OF STORAG E UNITS
Hazardous waste can be stored in tank systems, surface impoundments, or
waste piles. Chan 9.2-1 shows the quantity of hazardous waste stored and the
number of facilities storing hazardous waste in each type of facility. Tank
systems were used most often for storage. Over 97 percent of all facilities
storing hazardous waste did so in tank systems. These facilities stored
109.07 million tons of hazardous waste in tanks.
Chan 9.2-1 Types of Storage Units and Quantity Stored in 1986
Quantity Stored
State (million tons)
Tank Systems
Surface Impoundments
Waste Piles
Total
109.07
79.30
0.43
188.80
Percentage of
Total Quantity
57.8
42.0
0.2
100.0
Number
of Facilities
1,740
141
55
1,785a
Percentage
of Facilities
97.5
7.9
3.1
100.0a
aA single facility can have more than one type of storage. The totals shown are without double-counting.
Source: TT-148 (J29, K49.08)
-------
10. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Disposal 157
10
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
METHODS: DISPOSAL
Hazardous waste can be permanently disposed of in landfills, land treatment
areas, underground injection wells, or disposal impoundments. This chapter
describes hazardous waste disposal operations in these units in 1986. Each of
these units is subject to the land disposal restriction rules under HSWA.
Chapter 12 discusses the effects these rules may have on the hazardous waste
disposal activities described in this chapter.
10.1 LANDFILLS
Landfllling was the disposal method used by the largest number of
facilities in 1986. During that year, 118 facilities disposed of 3.17 million
tons of hazardous waste in landfills.
Charts 10.1-1 and 10.1-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste disposed of
and the number of facilities disposing of hazardous waste in landfills in each
EPA region in 1986. Charts 10.1-3 and 10.1-4 show the same information for
each state or territory.
-------
Chart 10.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Landfills per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 3.17 million Ions
i
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage of aB
hazardous waste managed in landfifcs that was
managed in the region indicated.
Region VI
Source: TT-140 (L3)
-------
Chart 10.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Landfills per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities -118
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate (he percentage ol all
facilities with landfills that are located in the
region indicated.
s
i
i
I
o
to
in
to
Source: TT-140(L3)
Ol
-------
160
1936 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 10.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Landfills by State in 1986
State
Quantity Managed
(million tons)
Percentage of
Total Quantity Managed
Slat*
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
'
Connecticut: •:•?.!:•.•
•' Delaware; :::;.^-';-;. •:'•:
DtstrfctofColwmWa
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
IndiariaW^::-!
Kansas
Kentucky1:'
'Louislaifcli^ll?^::';
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Nebfaska^H^
Nevada?
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South CaroBna
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas - - "••? ~"
Utah .
Vermont i
Virgin Wanrf:-
Vkglntafc..- •
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
!«;i^^= ^i^rirOSfe^:^-^
;J.:;:,^::>::!: .•;:•:;•; ::
-------
10. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Disposal 161
Chart 10.1-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Landfills by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
: Colorado : .
Connecticut •
:V Delaware : . .
: District of Columbia : .
;;, Florida-.. .:' ,. : :.. .';•;
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
'•'Indiana".' :
Iowa .
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri .:
Montana
. Nebraska:
...Nevada-. .: ''
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota:
Ohio:
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas1.- : . ''::rq; •::>":£ : ^;^';'-
Utah - • ' . ':• .E^Ii™;;' 'I. /'£•• ::
If .- * ' .'''•I.'/::'* ~sf ''''''*'•'$' "•••'!
Vermoni: •• ;.'::':" '.••--:--• o :-•
..:..::..:. ,:,- 2
1
3
1
1
118
Percentage of
RCRA TSDR Facilities
3.4
0.8
0.8
1.7
6.8
• • 2J&
.". ••*'•' -o.a •:' :
• .. ., .'. .0-* " • . ' :
o!o"
0.0
0.0
1.7
4.2
S.8-'
.' •• •• ' 0.0--: • .
1.7 .
' 3.4 ' ' •
5.9. ...
0.0
1.7
0.0
2.5
0.8
' .' • ./ > t!7 .'•',';; '. . • ,. .:.
' *Xu:- -•••••
0LQ~' : "'••
0.4> .:'
o'o
1.7
1.7
4.2
0.0
' '" 0.0^ :• " :
:•••• 2J&-: ' '-
• M. •!:•.••
0 $ : •'
.. ... o.».' • . .
2.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
1.7
' . • : • ' . • ' ' 23.7 :'
'• ,./.-;.';-; ;...«• ••
• •' '" '• .'•' 0.8"- ••'•
: •- " '- '--'.•- "00^
•-.•:. ••••;'::••;- 1.7 • . •
0.8
2.5
0.8
0.8
100.0
State
Rank
8
35
32
16
3
36
1t
31
33
39
40
41
42
17
5
2.
43
> 22.
. '. . . . ^ . .
' '• . • 4 . . • :.'.
45
20
44
9
30
• • 37
18:" • ' '
• ''. 46 .
49
26
50
15
23
6
47
48
• 10
.27
24
29
13
51
14
52
19
' ' T ; '
: 25: ...-:
• 54 ;-;.• '
21, .
28
12
34
33
Source: TT-140(L3)
-------
162 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
10.2 LAND TREATMENT
A land treatment area is a section of land in which hazardous waste is
applied to or incorporated into the soil surface for disposal Facilities
commonly use this method to manage petroleum wastes. The wastes are
spread over the surface and then tilled under the soil, where micro-
organisms help to break down the petroleum residues. During 1986,58
facilities operated 98 land treatment areas. These land treatment areas
received 038 million tons of hazardous waste during that year.
Charts 10.2-1 and 10.2-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste disposed of
and the number of facilities disposing of hazardous waste in land treatment
areas in each EPA region in 1986. Charts 10.2-3 and 10.2-4 show the same
information for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 10.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Land Treatment Areas per EPA Region In 19B6 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 0.38 million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage of all
hazardous waste managed in land treatment
areas that was managed in the region indicated
I
5
tu
n
6
U
u
i
••»
i
q
i
Source: TT-140(M3)
-------
Chart 10.2-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Land Treatment Areas per EPA Region In 1966
Total number ol facilities - 58
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol all
facilities with land treatment areas that are
located in the region indicated.
i
I
!
i
1
Source: TT-140(M3)
-------
10. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Disposal
165
Chart 10.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Land Treatment Areas by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
•VCdnnectkart:!^;'':?^::::
::. Delaware &fr.i/^
: District o<:CpJumbla
.;; Rbrfitfa-;:;;:1;:..;^;:-:.::1'-:;::'.-:' :'.:..::
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana : '
: tcrwa : :
Kansas:
Kentucky
Louisiana '..
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
'--. Mlssiswppiir W. y '•<
.-• '.MiSSOUri;:;; M «;;:; P'
: ' Nebraska* r- t^-1^
:s Nevada;;;'; ^,^-\.
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota K
' Oregoiife^vV: :-H:"
Pennsylvania;;
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas.-: ;-*.?.3
Utah--, • •-;.&£
Vermont :.:"/.-"-^
Virgin Island -^i~
Virginia-: ..^i;.
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Quantity Managed Percentage of
(million tons) Total Quantity Manaaed
<0.01a
0.00
0.00
<0.01*
.....0.02
;:;:;:;;•:•:.:• 'f.^ il^il^^^^
'• : :-;:;:;; ;: :-: ; :; ;;; S; };: ^-^0.01*^1^
t/di/iv :-:'-::/:i:^-::r:-::;^^::::i.|::::
::••••' :: :; r.'!1--11- :- '! : .:.;::;..;• :r: :;:''::.:::::.' -'O.OO: :: "•: :; : •• •'
0.00 '""
0.00
<0.01*
0.00
0.01
•^O-'OI*:
0.00V
<0.0l*:
- ..-' , 0.00 :
. • . ... ..OJ>2.:; •
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
[[[ 0.01...^... v
^"Z^^^'^iQM^^t-j
S'^^^-^;1/^':!:^^^^-
•'. :''.:;:-:-::-:ii'':' •:"'r':.::? :'0joo^: •'-'
: :o.oo :': :
<0.01^
<0i01 *
0.00
0.00
'..- ::---":' :': :: • •' "•••-": -•;'• •'•:'. ' ^f.Q»)':: :v"' '.':": !-!•-
', '. "' : ^'.i1 ;: ;'o ;! !••; |::':: :! :; : ;: :':^ ^: ''•: .- '• 'ft 0^!'::j:'J: ;:•••: '••
:?JitiillS^2D^Jl
.,:,.:,< ,,:.,,:^,:^,.,,:,»:.,. o^,,;,,o:.^
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
":::.:.:: - :•:• •""" . 0.1 9; .
°---'"'-: '-. • ' • ' <0.01*:
•M^" ' . ' • QM '
•;-"->-: . • • . " • ojo- •
':. '.]'. .-.•••.- :•.. •'. ^WW*'i.:
<0.01'
0.00
0.00
<0.01*
0.38
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
5.7
H;£;: ii^;:^::^:^^
••:';• :i' 1 'i; -; :: i; !.! ; : : •: • : ;; :;: i; x ; 1 :" -- ;.0i6 ^ :•: ; :";: J •:• : • ''. • • ;^ ' :•'•"• s ;-0 -i !:
:;::l!:> §1:^:i?^^!^^:^^^Hv:::'':<^^..:::
>:; :; :: ^ :• :: :• . !' ' ; :; .: --V ••••:! :': ::'v ^ :• : Oj.Q.:' ^ [. '! / -!1 .: '-i .;••'..:• i1 '" V "' :': > , :! !
,,.,,,,.,,,.,,,,.,,,,,,,-,,..,_,..,, ,.,,,.,.....,,.,.,.
0.0
<0.1b
o!o
1.9
• 0.4': •• ' • '
• " • • O.Q- • • • • •
' " : ' • • : ' OX': ' .; : ' : ' -: ' :
• •: O.O:.-:'.
... .-' '/•: 4.0-:'. ; . •: : •:.•:.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
„,„,,.,.,,...,,„,,,,, .....v..,,...2.5.. ................ ,......,.,
• :;:; i;:; i > :- 1 ;! % li.: : :|: || • f |^.0||| 5 1; 1 1« ?.;:|; |: ? || | ;| 'iv
^•:^*J^^HIf|f^^^§W^^F^.^
" : • •• -: ' :: '• -:' ! :- .4 ;: . : :'::•!• ::'::;; : . ~o&S- :: • ' • • i; ': '•••'-•:, >. ''.-• "'-. " ', '• '-• . -
:, :...,,..-.-•...:.,::...,,:,,. ,^-, ,:•:-:,,.,,,,:,: ...<:,: v
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
^^^,^™^»»»^...o.^.^».
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.6 :
••. t.o , •
. • O.OT- :; • ••
0.0 ;.-• . .- .
'• ;" • ' • ••:^;-:uX2:;:.v.?;- •• . .. •• • ,..:-
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.4
100.0
State
Rank
19
23
24
12
4
^;C-''||-::W':;;.:;:; '
::£.;/'-''i3x''i. :::;;..•:'' '
;::::n:.;'\'27:::--;.;:;:-::.-:'. :•
••;:•../;: ;l; -28; ::•-':•' -.-•• '. •: '• -:
,,,..,.,, 2g,.,..
30
22
32
8
17
•31 /
• -" 16
:' •• 33 . :
• -5 .
36
35
34
37
7
:.:;•;; :::v:'3-:;::.:; ;: V; J ^ ' " -
i.:::;:j:;;;;::.::-38^:-.:.-.:'-:: '•:..•'.,.
Z:-'^$-y^. : •-•-.
'••:':. •i:'':"'43;::'.i :. : '•• .-'
':':':'":':'42'" :
21
14
44
39
WSiff?:
|l;|§|;::v;
,.,,,,.,,:^,,:. :,,,,,
47
48
49
50
• t '•.'•'
9
52
51
::' • 2Q-, • • ;
11
54
53
15
•Lass than 10,000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states in 1986.
-------
166
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 10.2-4 Numberol FacllHlM Managing Hazardous Wast* In Land Treatment Areas by State In
State
Alabama
Number ot
RCRA TSDR FaellrHaa
Percentage of
RCRA TSDR Facllrttos
State
Rank
na
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Dtstritt:ofC^iarrjyi,Jh;'i;;-
••:r-:-:V ' :':'•:. ^A1*' .-':'::- * '••i-::'^ :•:>:•'-'-:. •.'' • .•-•'. .' : '•-'••'-• '."'••'•'.'•'• '• '•
-.•I::';:;..::;;•; fr*:.;::';.«.?.; i:-;s; ;•::.::: t-. \^.\ :-• ^ :•:•::.;;; •;.:;;::.; <.;
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.7
3.4
CtOK!
atf^^l
•itd^lifl
•flea^r
19
23
24
15
8
:::i:.::::Ii:?;;;Pl!i|.;1:ieJ.:;l
^MliHl;^^?17^:
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Maine " ' "b """
Maryland 0
Massachusetts 0
Michigan 0
Minnesota 1
IvUUaUI Sis R:iEii!s*>iM>'-<:v •:••• :j: .5 .•:•:. •*«>>:•: -.:• J.Wiit.- •• *»*;•-•;»• ^;- t'-CC.'1"'••>•••: v ^"-; -:- -^
M«S!|i|fef;t^!|
Now Hampshire
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennes
Taxas
^mmm^^'^-
»|«;':-\i.j.-:j-'.. ^;"p..;•;•;• '
^^•^^-Ml-'ffe^.:-;-;' '
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
58
100.0
Source: TT-140(M3)
-------
10. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Disposal 767
10.3 DISPOSAL IMPOUNDMENTS
Disposal impoundments are surface impoundments used to permanently
dispose of hazardous waste, generally liquid waste or waste containing
free liquids. In 1986,4.61 million tons of hazardous waste entered surface
impoundments for permanent disposal. Seventy facilities operated these
disposal impoundments in 1986.
Cham 10.3-1 and 10.3-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste disposed of
and the number of facilities disposing of hazardous waste in disposal
impoundments in each EPA region in 1986. Charts 10.3-3 and 10.3-4 show
the same information for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 10.3-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Disposal Impoundments per EPA Region In 1986 (in million tons)
Total quantity managed - 4.61 million tons
A
a
|
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages Indicate the percentage of all hazardous
waste managed in disposal impoundments that was
managed in the region indicated.
Source: T7-140(K43)
-------
Chart 10.3-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Disposal Impoundments per EPA Region In 1986
Tola! number of facilities • 70
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and (he Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages Indicate the percentage of all
facilities with disposal Impoundments that are
located in the region indicated.
u
u
I
n
o
u
O)
<0
Source: TT-140(K43)
-------
170
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 10.3-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Disposal Impoundments by State In 1986
State
Quantity Managed
(million tons
Percentage of
Total Quantity Managed
State
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona-
Arkansas
California
'
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.04
Connecticut*
Florida,:;
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indianasi;
1.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.9
:,::.:.:\-:: octff-":/'.
: :•;::' ,H.-Y.O,Oi?-::<--!.;-
33.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0
Kentucky';:: ^$:
"Loulaiaoai&iiS:
Maine
Man/land
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
mmww^
&*&*>%&
• •;:. :-:i'.s,f;"-'! •••*•
; ',;;<•:• ii::-!t •.: .<0;t^S^.:; S <; i. ^ ^ i!; '•: '•. '• :• ••:•
>iMMj^lj:P^I:':
19
18
20
13
9
21-:'-'
22:^:
t2
23
..24=:;..
1
25
26
27
4
:'2rm;;
MS?;;;::?'?
::;;:;:;:^94:;
;. MMaou«^^Ji;?;-;rf ::'-f^:;fefFR^
'Montan»^'^i-:;:.;?':y.;:;::s5;;;jriiy:v.j-f
tf nileMiai!•••''•' : '"" j:":':' ' -^' " ' '" " -^-': "' " ' "'
NOOTUlCv>-;^ •' •:•• ••••-•;••
\Nei*a4a^^i^£;
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North
^M^;:^^^^;'-''>^^^^'i»5ep»s^^:^;=r^ m'^wm:
^fl t*tlKK\":f:::>.;.,. f^*;™.;-*;:-'^-^)^
32
31
30
33
34
;•-:••:•:. • :.- '•*: -•.•:• •••••:
,.. .•*:&"*<$-:j<.&frA
*m:^ir'^::
&i:':¥&&%>V-'3S?&.---
Tv:.r-:;.;-^,.:; •'••'.sv^';-'
:*%.&.
39
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Tsxaar: •-.-. '••':'
Utah
Vermont
Virgin (stand.
Virginia,'....
Washington
West Virginia
Woconsin
Wyoming
Total
4.61
100.0
*Less than 10.000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these stales in 1988.
•less than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-140(K43)
-------
10. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Disposal
171
Chart 10.3-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Disposal Impoundments by State In
1966
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
•;• Colorado ••• '
: Connecticut.: •
..; Delaware • •
District d Columbia
: Florida.
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas:
Kentucky ; •••
.•;, Louisiana;; ;;:,,•;::. :.-•••••
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
•'. •MiS80urt-:::::.;;":»..::.:'?..:'.'::.
Montar»::;p::::;'':;.'-v-;::
^' Nevada;-;^:.: ^;:..,^.\.:
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Oklahoma :
Oregon; : ; ; :.. ' ', ..;
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
TexaB1 -:-1:.1: v'%fi-»£\- • ~tt . ''
•Utah-;.—-;.; :3C;:;
Vermont:; ;; -^ "; '•• •'•• '•
Virgin Island; ::;i :;:;
Virginia ','.'
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Number of
RCRA TSDR Facilities
3
0
0
1
7
•o
•' • ' 1
t
0
: ft
5
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
• • ' • 1
.:.-. ' •'•': • ••-•••4
0
0
0
2
0
:i'.:^ Y:::::;:' . ::x::-:;.:;t.:::.. \-'-'.\:/C:-
x-:':.-:.:. 'h'.^'::'0-''^' '-v-;-
:.;.-:'-'-v;.'''V:. '£>":! ' ,::.
""':' "o" "''" ""
0
1
1
0
••':' ;"': '.';"-; -::.'°': ':'••• •••.-.
"•'.'•-•• :'"::':; •;;;••:'. 2 •"•'• -'.':\.
•'. ... ..".'.':': :,, '• ; . •'• Q . - '-
..'.. :^:,":^: :•-:';-. 3. ;.:;:' ,.,:.:
1
0
3
0
0
:.::.: "• v:-:--. ;• •'' '• 13; .'
.;.:•-. :-:.":""'-:" •'•'• •' 4'
••':•• v: • ; . : - o-
-....-.-.•;. •,...-• o
'• • 1
0
3
0
0
70
Percentage of
RCRA TSDR Facilities
4.3
0.0
0.0
1.4
10.0
'..'"•: ' ' O^Q L
' . •' : - .1.4' '
' . . 1.4; . •
•. ' " ' '• 0.0.
O.O
7.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
. • :• ftQVL .' '•.•••
•1.4
0.0;
1.4
S.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
:. .'; •' ;: \:l '•• '-••• "'-j. \ &M; . i#A ( 11 ^ Ul &:. 1
-^'•••i-^^i^^^^ii^ ^yi-
..:^:^---;:l'M'.^ff^-l:^ ;:••-::;.
,:.,,,,,..,..,,,,..,,:.,, o^;:,.,,,., „....,...,.,
0.0
1.4
1.4
0.0
.-. ;-V:;--;:>. ::.;•;;;: :0^i:;:;; -••;:.•;; ••/;::: ;;:.;
V:^-::^'^::;Xl£»fe'fe.::''A.
' :••: ",' •j.3'.-;' v-;> DJ>;:;-:K;.M':':!;:::.::'.'::.;.
'"'..'.>. •-.;-'.'';:'':';. :.4&'i^i<:.'if:f •";''-'
"""""" "1.4 """""'""""
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
•'•'•; ' .•• -.':' :lft.5'::;::,:" -": ."-. ;-:.-;
:'. : ' •• • -: 5.T. •'..'•• ' '•''•''.'
- •'- 0X0 '::'. - •
- " 0X0 '•' '•'••••
'. \A '•'" -"- -- . -
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
100.0
State
Rank
10
25
26
18
3
27
17
28
29
4
30
31
32
11
• : ' ' 33
19.
34
15 :
5
37
36
35
13
38
l;:T:;.:feJ::;;.:::' 20: '^ •• '• • . •
i;';:;;:r:^:.':;; !•:•: :.'38;^-.-:: / .';'.- ..
wt!;.^^:V; .4^:::;::.;::- .-,.
,.:,:.,:,:. ,,,,,.,. ^ ,:..,, :.•
44
22
23
40
•. :v: :::;: .' .'^- 4i" "'-""-'' '•"'
:^'::-:.:-::.::-::::::v-t2.-;;';.. -'-
^KSi^-^---'-
..,,,,, ^, ..........
47
9
48
49
..•';' .'.' ;,'".' . • '.!';.. -,;1.;' '
.'.'•'• :'''- . !:': 6-'
. ••'•••.-. '".•• 51- • • -
•:;V". -,':• 50 - -
18".
52
8
53
54
Source: TT-140(K43)
-------
172 1968 Hazardous Was» Generation and Management
10.4 INJECTION WELLS
Underground injection of hazardous waste is a land disposal method
whereby hazardous waste is introduced into the subsurface through:
drilled deep wells. Underground injection wells were operated by 63
facilities in 1986 and received 28.73 million tons of hazardous waste for
disposal. Underground injection was the most common method of
hazardous waste disposal in 1986 based on the quantity of hazardous
waste disposed of.
Charts 10.4-1 and 10.4-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste disposed of
and the number of facilities disposing of hazardous waste in injection wells in
each EPA region in 1986. Charts 10.4-3 and 10.4-4 show the same
information for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 10.4-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Injection Wells per EPA Region In 1986 (in million tons)
Total quantity managed - 28.73 million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol all
hazardous waste managed in injection wells that
was managed in the region indicated.
c
la
I
1
D
I
o
'fl
8
Source: TT-140(N3)
-------
Chart 10.4-2 Number ol Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Injection Wells per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 63
Note: Region II Includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX Includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X Includes Alaska
Percentages indicate the percentage ol al
facilities with injection wels that are located in
the region indicated.
Source: TT-140(N3)
-------
10. Hazardous Waste Management Methods: Disposal
175
Chart 10.4-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In ln|ectlon Wells by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
: '. Connecticut: •'. • • • .
•Delaware :-:i: :: - ••' •
• Dlstiirtof Columbia
•'. .Florida.-:.'.: .;. :..... .. '..'
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
' Indiana *';W]:~^ :••; V:;::'" .'-•
'' Kansas. . I::'::.:."-:: :.;-. '. 'C^-'^
•'Kentucky:.:,.^?/:;:.'' /•'^^•'.\
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
'•' Mississippi-.: ::'-.;:'K' ---:- -:';'.:'::-;i.v:
' '_• NeonMtef :fe;4:H:-'':: :••:; -•;:••;: ;.;.!•.::• ;:
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
. onto; -.:•-;.. >v:-;:;;: ;': :? -;•••- '+
Pennsytvam* ..V..-?-' . .'-' : h;i - ..-•
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
T«»«« . •'•1¥iH1f?KSfJJ8J'S!W»f*-."i
leXaS. ••• .;. :•"-.'• •(*$£9%%Z:.-'-;> : >\. > |v: '
Utah'.'. .-.'^:^l||i|^|iph:;:
Vermont. : ' -:. . : "•" ^^;f-^:' :: ;i ? i; ; : :: :'
virgin lalaoQvft':.:-:':':'y.\':'p?'""v'..:''' ~ '• -,
VirBinia.::-..,4;:i2v?i^;'..'-':':.J::
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Quantity Managed
(million tons)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
: , Q.oo • : •
0.00 :
'•• '...:" Q.OO- ..•• ••
0.00 : :
0.11.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
:-,"JV::;:::.fli:8*s:-;v:T:^':
?M^'$J&&^ :•;'•:
.^::];l:--;::r;:a2^1!;i;- ;.•>•'
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
.....p.oo ....
• • . ,\ . • ". i ;• " fi 00 '"• "; •• " ' •
•. . .'• .• :: ,:: ,••-;;.'.•:"."•" . ;
:"•:" = :'":^::.:-' '• 'ULOv1--^'"- "' :'"':'
:: •': • -;•; :•, ': .:: ;! :":. \ :] .fliOft1-1 ^: :V:: !•• •: '-''V '" '-':
.,,,,,.,,,,.,,::. -^, :,:,,,.,,.:..,,
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
illl^slK:
""""""" •"•'••:-0>00:^' -'"•••
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ffi'vi'^F: tTi74^'^-:-' " ^
;i;it:?;^";;^iO.OO;;:-';:.': : '
'' :: '•'/:• •••:.:i: :.0.00'' v- '
• '•• • \:'- OM'^ '
.. ::' •-;..;' 0.00 •-.- ••
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
28.73
Percentage of
Total Quantity Manaoed
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-' •' '• : ': TO.O,".:' '' " • '".'"
• •' . . 0,0'-: •„• • ' • ' •
• : • o.o-.'- ' '
'•• • o.o- • .•••
. • . 6.4 ': ;
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
' •.:":::{p'^'-':^:^liz]>l':'-^-"^---:
i^^^/\/^^^^^-.^^&
c':-:^::-:^:^;:^:-^^;^./^;^1:-^;^;:
.,....,. ......„,..,..,,„. QQ, ... .,,..,...,.,....,,
0.0
0.0
0.4
..,,.,.,,,,,., P.O. ..... . .. ............... ...
^Mi^^^^^^^^^;^.^,,^^^^
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
l:3ijjjj^JiSm
,,..,>,,,„ 1,,,1,^,,,:^;;;.:..5^i:j-;:'''. .'.
;;;:;::j;;.;;*:: .:.:•:;"• :; ..-•:
'•'•'"•"•'" 27*"'"-
26
25
10
.......28..
ffi^ws---:'
.^iyg";::.,;:;;: ....-.;:,.
36
37
39
32
II§II|::,^
,:,.-.,-,. 42|,,,,,f,.,:.
43
44
45
46
'\"v:;'>f:.:: ':'"•: -V": •'• '
.;.;:::;'.;,47:".;:;':'.;'. -;.-'
:-- ' ..,' 50:::. • •''•-.: ••• •
••;••/." -'49;:;:: ''. .. :.
:':..:..';: '•48:.:;-, '..•.':; • • • .
51
53
52
54
•Less than 10,000 tons of hazardous waste were generated in these states in 1986.
bLess than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-140(N3)
-------
176
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation art Management
Chart 1CU-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Injection Wells by State In 198*
State
Number of
HCRA TSDR Facilities
Percentage of
RCRATSDRFaclltttes
State
Rank
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
0
0
0
2
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
DtstrictofColumWt
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana'
*:.vv:«-ft:-v!:K=1'".i-:: !-o.:> '.• :••::•• •.•: •: •••: $ ?$?.'- '.<:
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
13
12
14
e
15
20
21
22
24
7
Main*
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
0
0
0
4
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
IVWM o.o
••'i !:"??'' V:4?S;'S.4
.:?,.• .;.. lii?;;;^^1:
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
0
0
0
0
0
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texaavi?.
Vermont: >:
Virgin btantf:
Vbginte:.^
Washington
West Virginia
Wiseonsin
Wyoming
ffi$'-:^''^'s?&':l<&V^'"\^ ' '•''
y?^-;^;;;.;/;;: 4^^:^'-''-•'
^^•:;::m^:4^m^^.
42
43
>?» •: •• y-- .• ••if-^y. :•"• . • ff>v.-J-- :-./>-. ^
ir^^5»x^i-f':
-^••^•'&;y:^ '•'
•:• *? '.y»/..,/"., V,: 1 ss*.. ••': •
•'.-•^'••^^l^^';-;'..
Total
63
100.0
Source: TT-140(N3)
-------
1 1. Units Subject to the Land Disposal Restriction Rule 777
11
UNITS SUBJECT TO THE LAND DISPOSAL
RESTRICTION RULE
Regulations authorized by HSWA and promulgated by EPA since 1986
prohibit the land disposal of hazardous waste unless hazardous chemicals and
characteristics have been removed, reduced, or stabilized to the greatest extent
possible or unless EPA determines on a site-specific basis that there will be no
migration of hazardous constituents from the land disposal unit. Land
disposal units covered by these restrictions include landfills, land treatment
areas, surface impoundments, waste piles, and underground injection wells.
The regulations apply to all waste management activities (including storage
and treatment) conducted in these units.
Chapter 10 included a discussion of land disposal in landfills, land treatment
areas, surface impoundments used for disposal, and underground injection
wells during 1986. This chapter describes the remaining units subject to the
land disposal restrictions—waste piles and surface impoundments (including
those used for treatment or storage). Section 12.1 describes the potential
effects of the land disposal restrictions, using the 1986 data as a baseline by
which to evaluate these effects.
11.1 WASTE PILES
A waste pile is an uncontained accumulation of solid or nonflowing
hazardous waste. In 1986,71 facilities managed 0.677 million tons of
hazardous waste in waste piles.
Charts 11.1-1 and 11.1-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed and
the number of facilities managing hazardous waste in waste piles in each EPA
region in 1986. Charts 11.1-3 and 11.1-4 show the same information for each
state or territory.
-------
Chart 11.1-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Waste Piles per EPA Region In 1986 (In million tons)
Total quantity managed - 0.677 million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX Includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses Indicate the percentage oi
all hazardous waste managed in waste piles that was
generated in the region indicated.
u
1
I
I
q>
I
I
Source: TT-149 (J3)
-------
Chart 11.1-2 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Waste Piles per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 71
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses Indicate the percentage
ol all facilities managing hazardous waste in waste
piles that are located in the region indicated.
Region VI
5j
S?
ra-
ft
r-
I
t
Source: TT-149 (J3)
-------
180
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 11.1-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Waste Piles by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
i^^i^-A^'-'
'••'•• District of Coiumbia^H'
Quantity Managed Percentage of
(million tons! Total Quantity
0.046 6.8
0.000 0.0
0.000 0.0
0.006 0.9
0.000 0.0
:^.J^,^^^-:^:-
''"'':' ' '•' :' O :.: '••' 0 000^ ' ' '' •'• '•'• ''' -'
^ ..;'-...::.;•.. ;0jQ3ft.:': ••:•; ••.. •• :.
i"::"-:.>?
. 1:;;*? ::
'••,
-------
11. Units Subject to the Land Disposal Restriction Rule
181
Chart 11.1-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Waste Piles by State In 1986
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
:; Colorado -: •
Connecticut . : '
":: Delaware ''•'." ••-•<•••
District ol Columbia: . : :
,:Ftarfda- . •:... •.. . .'• •• ' '
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana •• •'
towa
• Kansas • .
Kentucky:
Louisiana ...
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
:^^^l|li1®|S;
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Onto
Oklahoma?^' .:.'• .
Oregon: :
Pennsylvania:;
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas ' ;' ^^i^l^^^^'i^-P'^^s;
: Utahr ' •' .:':JI;Sm. .!:-•>- '' ':
Vermont ••: •••^(sfsl!:';"? •••• •••-':•
Virgin blawf :f j^rS? ' ir • ;•; .. -:, - .
Virginia'..',-:' l.-;-"'.:/.^-..-:' •' .'''• .' ' .'
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TotaJ
Number of
Facilities
2
0
0
1
0
'. . z
• . 2 • :• . •
" • ' '0 "
. ." o
.3 ..
2
0
0
0
2
o • '•'• •'. " •
0
:o .-.:
t
0 ': ••-:'.
0
1
0
4
............ 3.. ...
fl:i^--;;5;:;
0
2
0
3
0
o -..;••
10
'•": 2 ' :
.'•'•• 1 .
9
0
0
1
0
1
i'A-':'-* -'•• ft"':' :'• : •:::-••
, , . ,..Q .... .. , ...
0
-.' ':•'- 0
... ;.' 5 -.-..,.•
2
1
1
1
71
Percentage of
Total Number
2.8
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
2.B
: 0.0
QJO
42
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
- ' •'•': /.- '0.0
0.0
•• ••. :. o.o
: •• • • '•'': 1A * • •'".'" •
• . • . QJO '. . ' .••'•' '
o!o
1.4
0.0
5.6
..,4.2..............
^S^Sii-v?®^
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
. ' = '• : '0.0:: ' '• ' '' ' : • '
'.'••• 14.1
• • •- • .: 2A '"" • ' • •
'•• \. " 1.4 •:<•;..:. '. :.: :•-'...
12.T " '' •
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
1.4
.;.-; ,-::-.::':.: :::: BA'vt'v. ''• •':'•• •'.•• -:: - '''-'.
'-- '- - ; 0^0.' :::' ' ' :
•:-: "'' ''' " '' ; OJJ' ;::'-': : " • :'-:-;;' '.'.'• '
. '•• ,- 0.0-.:::-. ..': -. • -.
• T.0" •''.'..-. . . ' . •
2.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
100.0
State
Rank
9
29
30
19
31
12;
13 .
32
33
6
15
34
35
36
11
37
38
•' . '.39.
26
40.
41
22
42
5
.... .....:......7.
45
16
46
8
47
. . . . 48 '
. r "
'•. ' -io . -
' -. 27:... :
" ' •' . ': ' -2-:' :
49
50
17
51
28
• "" . -3
52
• - ' 53 •'
' ": ,54.. :
4.'
14
18
25
20
Source: TT-149(J3)
-------
182
1988 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 11.1-5 shows the hazardous waste management activities conducted in
waste piles in 1986. Over 70 percent of facilities with waste piles used the
units to store hazardous waste in 1986.
Chan 11.1 -5 Types ol Waste Management Conducted In Waste Piles In 1986, by Number of Facilities
Storage
Treatment
Unknown
-I
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Source: TT-149 (J3. J27, J29)
11.2 SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS
Surface impoundments are pits, ponds, or lagoons designed to hold liquid
wastes or wastes containing free liquids. Surface impoundments can be
used to accumulate, store, treat, recycle, or dispose of hazardous waste.
In 1986,298 facilities managed 23L7 million tons of hazardous waste in
surface impoundments.
Charts 11.2-1 and 11.2-2 show the quantity of hazardous waste managed in
and the number of facilities managing hazardous waste in surface
impoundments in each EPA region in 1986. Cham 11.2-3 and 112-4 show
the same information for each state or territory.
-------
Chart 11.2-1 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed In Surface Impoundments per EPA Region in 1986 (in million tons)
Total quantity managed - 231.70 million tons
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX Includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage of
all hazardous waste managed In surface impoundments"
that was generated in the region indicated.
!
5
»
to
a
o
I
?
S"
CD
Source: TT-150(K3)
-------
Chart 11.2-2 Number ol Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste In Surface Impoundments per EPA Region In 1986
Total number ol facilities - 298
01
i
I
I
>>
I
i
Note: Region II includes Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands
Region IX includes Hawaii and Guam
Region X includes Alaska
Percentages in parentheses indicate the percentage
of all facilities managing hazardous waste in surface
impoundment that are located in the region indicated
Source: TT150(K3)
-------
11. Units Subject to the Land Disposal Restriction Rule
185
Chart 11.2-3 Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed in Surface Impoundments by State in 1986
Quantity Manaj
State (million tons
Alabama 4.96
Alaska 0.00
Arizona 0.02
Arkansas 0.03
California 2.67
"• '""Cbiorado I?-;?'1' if'';''^'-" ' ;' - '• V: ' : ' ;•:: ]'" " "•• I • 0:02: '• "if
;Distn^of:Co1umblai:; l&ll &>%&&?^WQ&!'£
. ' Bon^^MK^,^] :±M l"ni;i \M 0.31; i' v.::
Georgia 9.23
Guam 0.00
Hawaii 0.00
Idaho <0.01«
Illinois 5.39
!ndlana:: 0.47
towa. :.. .. 0.02
Kansas. : <0.01B
Kentucky:.- 0.7B
Louisiana^. .; : ' : : . . fl.OO
Maine 0.00
Maryland 0.25
Massachusetts 0.09
Michigan 36.81
Minnesota 0.00
.,• Mississippi; III! '!•; X* :? ^ P;: :: •::;;? WZ :':i, 37;!; "
-.;.Missotrt:;|;.|::|ri;:;;>::i % ;; ^ ^|;U ^li^JO^
MOJuBfl*'^:1 ;:••?•:•;:] ji; •'. ':::. JS •; U:;! ;•••'• ^H;:-!"'*"^^
. . [j8?'*^?*^ ••%% ^ ' ; !:<: li!:-^! .j:-if:.i- '^f?'''
• NeVaOa1::^!''':1::-:1"1-':.:^.: v.: .:. .../: '. i; ••}.-. ::.•:::'•.•:' :vi: V;. '..';', V^0':i;:'; ;:'••;
New Hampshire 6.00
New Jersey 53.47
New Mexico <0.01*
New York 5.81
North Carolina 0.36
North Dakota -:^f, ''. • '• ."..;• '*';> • :: :: : • ' ' '! ' : :- :'. -: : ':: • ' ! ' ' 0. OO'1: :: . •; .
Ohto-.f ;;;• •- :••;,;:.;;•;.':;:•;;.;:: . ;:; • .;: '^!:fy^ I :;;i:.;::3JH:.?:.::.;::
'• Qriflo^SNLvSf^H.i^i^l^ilftljB^1
Pennsyfvart{a::;;|;:;: :':;'• i!.\':^ ••^'•^{sx-^^-'^ OiSZS^;/
Puerto Rico'"" —'•v-lv~""v""'-" --' ""••0.12""""
Rhode Island 0.00
South Carolina 2.62
South Dakota 0.00
Tennessee 2221
Texas . . • •'' 'Zl&g&Z:^ -•-•' '•''. 38^ft"
Utah: -:'.;»§t: -• • ' ' 0.11
Vermont. • ••'fjljjjg'''" • • • ' 0-.00.
Vkginbland^W'r^: -••:••.•• : 04»
Virginia • :,'^:'^'« , '•':",-.. ' • '• . .'1241
Washington 0.54
West Virginia 22.48
Wisconsin <0.01*
Wyoming <0.01§
Total 231.70
ed Percentage of State
Total Quantity Rank '
£1 11
0.0 40
<0.1b 30
<0.1b 29
1.2 13
, -- ;:; ,-••;, :- y •,• : • .. j- j ^gftl^:":^ •-••: ^: '^' ^•:.:;.y^- :p^--; • •• :; ;:; v .;; ". '
'SiKKSi^K^
:-X"? ' J •• •••! ? !: •??. J i; 0 :i • i • S --f- :::'O^i; S •• ^ -^ ; ' '• :'- • • :- •••• •'• ' ' '' ' '• • '• ••• "•• •• •'• •' ^••••••-: %$• ? ;" .'• ' • •' :- .: • v ' ' -
"""""""""":""""""""":"';":' id""'"' :':----:"i":"" '*•""•"""' "''•""" -j- •'••••••••••-"•
0.0 42
0.0 43
<0.1b 34
23 10
0.2" ' ' : 19'
• : • •^:-. •::••-:••-:•:::.:•• •-ULo:i:..:;::::::.;.:.:.:o. •:.:..;: -..': v •:.-•:.: ••.• ••. • • -. ^q-- • :' • •- '•
,:,x,,,,:,,,.,:,:.,^ .::.,.,:,,,,,. .^^::,..,..i.,,^::.,,,1,.,,^,:..,
23.1 1
<0.1b 38
25 9
0.2 20
^'-^-::--::-::KEP!::R:ir^ -.,V"
^^.vN^riM^il'iijiltilll^l;!;;;^';;^ '
^^^^^^^^^^M^M^^Sf^^: :• •
; i: :*... j^ :• v & i- -•. '-. h!S>i^ L*H ?• ? iWfsij: ; ^ ;^5-?iN ; : : .' *r ! i :.•;• ;;:••>•; >:i K'i'l :' •; fg. ;.': , ;' •; •:•: '•••.- •'•'
,,,,,^,,«*,,,,,«,x,, ,,,,^.,,^,,,,,,^:x.,,,^.,,,,.,,,.,,.,,i!^.,u,,,,,....,,
0.0 51
1.1 14
0.0 52
9.6 5
' ' ' -'16.T- ' 2
• : «5.1»v- •• - 25
••'••• -aa .-:.-.. . . 53 .
; . :'.0.0:..- -.•••:•:.••• 54- - -
." . ;; -5.4- • . 6
0.2 18
9.7 4
<0.1b 39
<0.1b 37
100.0
•Less than 10.000 tons of hazanJous waste ware generated in these states in 1986.
^ess than 0.1 percent of the total quantity of hazardous waste generated in 1986 was generated in these states.
Source: TT-150
-------
186
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Chart 11.2-4 Number of Facilities Managing Hazardous Waste in Surface Impoundments by State in
Number of
Facilities
Percentage ef
Total Number
State
Rank
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Maine
Maiyland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
: Nevadat
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dak««:
•vyf'-f
•Si.:*;;- •Itit&tvSXjft** "-'' '•• » ::
.:.!.:•"'•;fM
-------
11. Units Subject to the Land Disposal Restriction Rule
187
Chart 11.2-5 shows the hazardous waste management activities conducted in
surface impoundments in 1986. Most facilities (63 percent) used their
surface impoundments to treat hazardous waste in 1986. Section 10.3
further describes hazardous waste disposal in surface impoundments.
Chart 11.2-5 Types of Waste Management Conducted In Surface Impoundments In 1986, by Number
of Facilities
Treatment
Storage Only
Disposal
Unknown
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Source: TT-150 (K3. K31, K46, K49)
-------
183 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
(This page is intentionally blank)
-------
12. Changes Since 1936 189
12
CHANGES SINCE 1986 AFFECTING
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Generator and TSDR Survey data cover the calendar year 1986 and can
be used as a baseline by which to evaluate changes in hazardous waste
management activities since 1986. Several factors affect hazardous waste
management activities. One important factor is the level and type of
production or other business activity that facilities generate. These economic
factors vary from year to year and industry to industry, and their effects are
difficult to assess.
A second factor that affects hazardous waste management activities is changes
in the regulatory environment Because such changes apply uniformly to
particular waste management activities, the overall effect of these changes can
be assessed. Among the major regulatory changes affecting hazardous waste
management activities since 1986 are the implementation of the following:
• land disposal prohibitions authorized by HSWA,
• minimum technical requirements for surface impoundments
authorized by HSWA,
• the toxicity characteristic leachate procedure (TCLP) test to
determine if a waste is toxic and therefore hazardous under RCRA,
and
• EPA and state activities to encourage industrial pollution prevention.
This chapter examines each of these changes in the regulatory environment
since 1986 and suggests their probable effects on hazardous waste
management activities.
12.1 LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTION RULES
In enacting HSWA, Congress required EPA to develop regulations prohibiting
the land disposal of hazardous waste unless hazardous chemicals and
characteristics have been removed, reduced, or stabilized to the greatest extent
-------
190
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation ana Management
possible, or unless EPA determines on a site-specific basis that there will be
no migration of hazardous constituents from the land disposal unit for as long
as the wastes remain hazardous. Concern for potential groundwater and soil
contamination from hazardous waste disposed of in land-based activities
prompted these legislative changes. Land disposal units covered by these
prohibitions include landfills, land treatment areas, surface impoundments,
waste piles, and underground injection wells. These restrictions apply to all
waste management activities (including storage or treatment) conducted in
these land disposal units.
HSWA imposes a schedule on EPA, including provisions for two-year delays
in national implementation based on capacity shortfalls in BDAT
technologies, for determining conditions under which a particular hazardous
waste may be disposed of in land disposal units. This schedule is outlined in
Chart 12.1-1.
Chart 12.1-1. Schedule for Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Restriction
Rules Under HSWA
Date Effective
RCRA Hazardous Wastes Subject to Land Disposal
Restriction
November 1986
July 1987
August 1988
June 1990
May 1991
Dloxins and solvents
Hazardous wastes banned from land disposal in
California (-California list") Including liquids, metals,
acids, PCBs, and halogenated organic compounds
Most hazardous third of RCRA hazardous wastes
("1st third")
Next most hazardous third of RCRA hazardous wastes
("2nd third")
Final third of RCRA hazardous wastes ("3rd third")
Effect of Land Disposal Restriction Rides, The land disposal restriction rules
directly affect hazardous waste management activities. To meet Land
Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment standards for land disposal, TSDR
facilities are required to increase their treatment of hazardous waste prior to
disposal Land disposal restriction regulations will decrease the quantity of
waste managed in land disposal units for some wastes, while increasing
-------
12. Changes Since 1986 191
disposal quantities for other wastes. For example, requirements to incinerate
waste decrease disposal volume because only the residual incinerator ash will
be landfilled. On the other hand, requiring wastes to be solidified to stabilize
hazardous constituents will increase disposal volume due to the added
quantities of stabilizing materials (e.g., cement).
Meeting BD AT standards and finding alternative methods of disposing of
hazardous waste will increase the costs of hazardous waste management To
avoid these costs, facilities might attempt to reduce the quantity of hazardous
waste generated and subsequently treated or disposed of. Such pollution
prevention activities are described in greater detail below.
12.2 SURFACE IMPOUNDMENT REGULATIONS
Concern over groundwater contamination from hazardous waste also
prompted the inclusion in HSWA of new requirements concerning surface
impoundments. Under HSWA, EPA developed new minimum technical
requirements for surface impoundments to prevent groundwater
contamination. With limited exemptions, surface impoundments were
required to be retrofitted to meet these minimum technical requirements by
November 8,1988. Minimum technical requirements include installing
double liners, leachate collection systems, and groundwater monitoring.
Effect of Surface Impoundment Regulations. Because of the expense of
retrofitting surface impoundments, many TSDR facilities chose instead to
close surface impoundments that did not meet the minimum technical
requirements. Cosing surface impoundments is expected to temporarily
increase the quantity of hazardous waste managed due to contaminated soils
removed by the dredging of surface impoundments.
123 TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC LEACHING PROCEDURE (TCLP)
Beginning September 25,1990, facilities are required to use the TCLP test to
determine if a waste is toxic and therefore subject to RCRA regulations. The
test approximates the leaching of toxic constituents of waste from land
disposal units. If the estimated concentration of the toxic constituent in the
leachate is above regulatory thresholds established by EPA, the waste is
considered hazardous under RCRA.
TCLP replaces the extraction procedure (EP) leaching test The most notable
distinction between these two is that the EP test estimates the leaching of
metals only, whereas TCLP also tests the leaching of organic compounds.
-------
192 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Twenty-five organic chemicals will be added to the toxicity characteristic
when the TCLP test becomes effective. Thirteen additional chemicals may be
added to this list at a later date, and other organic chemicals are also under
consideration for future inclusion under the TCLP test
Effect of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Implementing the
TCLP test is expected to increase the number of wastes that fall under RCRA
regulatory requirements. Facilities managing these wastes are required to
obtain a permit or cease handling these hazardous wastes. Thus,
implementation of the TCLP rules could increase the number of TSDR
facilities with RCRA permits in addition to increasing the quantity and
number of RCRA hazardous wastes managed.
12.4 BOILER AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACE REGULATIONS
Prior to 1991, burning hazardous waste as fuel was less stringently regulated
than burning hazardous waste for destruction (incineration). Regulations
promulgated by EPA in 1991 require boilers and industrial furnaces used to
reuse hazardous waste as fuel to comply with essentially the same standards as
hazardous waste incinerators. These new regulations will require operators of
most boilers and industrial furnaces reusing hazardous waste as fuel to do the
following:
• Meet destruction and removal efficiency standards.
• Use controls on products of incomplete combustion.
• Meet emission standards for heavy metals, hydrogen chloride,
chlorine gas, and particulates.
• Obtain RCRA permits.
Effect of Boiler and Industrial Furnace Regulations. The requirement that
boilers and industrial furnaces have RCRA permits will increase both the
quantity of hazardous waste managed in RCRA-perrm'tted units and the
number of facilities with RCRA permits. To avoid the compliance costs of
the regulations, some operators of boilers and industrial furnaces may choose
to discontinue burning hazardous waste. The quantity of hazardous waste
reused as fuel may therefore decline.
-------
12. Changes Since 1986 193
12.5 POLLUTION PREVENTION POLICIES
EPA has established a hierarchy of preferred waste management practices.
Under this hierarchy, facilities are encouraged to use pollution prevention
techniques to reduce the quantity or toxicity of the waste they generate.
Pollution prevention techniques include using fewer hazardous materials in
industrial processes (toxics use reduction) and reducing the quantity or
toxicity of the waste those processes generate (source reduction). For those
wastes that are generated, EPA encourages facilities to use environmentally
sound recycling practices.
Both the federal and state governments have established programs to
encourage the implementation of pollution prevention practices. HSWA
includes provisions that require large quantity generators of hazardous waste
to certify that the quantity and toxicity of any hazardous waste shipped offsite
for waste management has been mim'mi'7rd to the extent economically and
technically feasible. Waste minimization techniques that may be used to -t
satisfy this requirement include pollution prevention and recycling. Other
programs established to encourage pollution prevention include the following:
• EPA's Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIQ,
designed to educate facilities on pollution prevention techniques and
their benefits;
• state technical assistance programs, also designed to educate
facilities on pollution prevention opportunities; and
• state laws that require facilities to develop pollution prevention plans
or to achieve some level of reduction in waste generation.
Effect of Pollution Prevention Policies. As facilities learn more about
pollution prevention opportunities and as new pollution prevention techniques
are developed, the quantity of hazardous waste generated should decline.
Using pollution prevention techniques to reduce the quantity of hazardous
waste generated will reduce the quantity of hazardous waste subsequently
treated, stored, or disposed of. Also, increasing the recovery and reuse of
hazardous waste will reduce the quantity of hazardous waste to be disposed of.
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-------
APPENDIX A
DETAILED OUTLINE OF THE
GENERATOR AND TSDR SURVEYS
-------
-------
Appendix A: Detailed Outline of the Generator and TSDR Surveys A-1
DETAILED OUTLINE OF THE GENERATOR SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRE GA: GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION
1: GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2: HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION
3: WASTE MINIMIZATION (Facility-wide procedures)
4: HYDROGEOLOGIC AND EXPOSURE INFORMATION
5: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS (SWMUS)
6: CLOSURES
7: ACCUMULATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN CONTAINERS
REGULATED UNDER 90-DAY RULE
8: FACILITY-WIDE SCHEMATIC (155)
QUESTIONNAIRE GB: HAZARDOUS WASTE
CHARACTERIZATION
1: DESCRIPTION CODES AND GENERATION
2: MANAGEMENT
3: PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL FORM, CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS, AND CONSTITUENTS
4: TESTING PROCEDURES
5: HAZARDOUS WASTE MINIMIZATION
QUESTIONNAIRE GC: FUEL BLENDING
1: IN-USE FUEL BLENDING ONSITE
2: PLANNED FUEL BLENDING ONSITE
QUESTIONNAIRE GD: REUSE AS FUEL
1: GENERAL FAOLITY DATA
2: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE UNIT
3: TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED UNITS
4: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED UNIT
QUESTIONNAIRE GE: WASTEWATER TREATMENT
1: GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3: TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES (27)
4: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
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A-2 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
QUESTIONNAIRE GF: METALS RECOVERY FOR REUSE
1: GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
4: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
QUESTIONNAIRE GG: SOLVENT AND LIQUID ORGANIC
RECOVERY FOR REUSE
1: GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3: TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES (32)
4: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
QUESTIONNAIRE GH: OTHER RECOVERY PROCESSES
1: GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2: SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3: TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES
QUESTIONNAIRE GI: TANK SYSTEMS
1: GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2: TANKS REGULATED BY THE 90-DAY RULE
3: PIPING CONNECTED TO HAZARDOUS WASTE TANKS
4: TANK DESCRIPTIONS FOR EACH IN-USE TANK
5: TANK DESCRIPTIONS FOR EACH PLANNED TANK
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Appendix A: Detailed Outline of the Generator and TSDR Surveys A-3
DETAILED OUTLINE OF THE TSDR SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRE A: GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION
1. GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION
2. WASTES MANAGED BY PERMIT STATUS
3. HAZARDOUS WASTES GENERATION ONSITE
4. WASTES RECEIVED FROM OFFSITE
5. MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN SPECIAL TYPES OF WASTES
6. CONTAINER STORAGE AND ACCUMULATION OF
HAZARDOUS WASTES
7. FACILITY SCHEMATIC
QUESTIONNAIRE B: INCINERATION
1. GENERAL FAdLTTY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE INCINERATOR
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED INCINERATORS
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED INCINERATOR
QUESTIONNAIRE C: REUSE AS FUEL
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE UNIT
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED UNITS
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED UNIT
QUESTIONNAIRE D: FUEL BLENDING
1. IN-USE FUEL BLENDING ONSITE
2. PLANNED FUEL BLENDING ONSITE
QUESTIONNAIRE E: SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED SOLIDIFICATION
PROCESSES
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
-------
A-4 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
QUESTIONNAIRE F: SOLVENT AND LIQUID ORGANIC
RECOVERY FOR REUSE
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
QUESTIONNAIRE G: METALS RECOVERY FOR REUSE
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
QUESTIONNAIRE H: WASTEWATER TREATMENT
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
QUESTIONNAIRE I: OTHER PROCESSES (TREATMENT OR
RECOVERY)
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE PROCESS
3. TYPE AND NUMBER OF PLANNED PROCESSES
4. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH PLANNED PROCESS
QUESTIONNAIRE J: WASTE PILES
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE WASTE PILE
3. HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATED IN WASTE PILES ONSITE
4. HAZARDOUS WASTE STORED ONLY IN WASTE PILES
ONSITE
5. PLANNED WASTE PILES TO STORE OR TREAT HAZARDOUS
-------
Appendix A: Detailed Outline of the Generator ana TSDR Surveys A-s
QUESTIONNAIRE K: SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE IMPOUNDMENT
3. HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATED IN SURFACE
IMPOUNDMENTS ONSITE
4. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSED OF IN SURFACE
IMPOUNDMENTS ONSITE
5. HAZARDOUS WASTE STORED ONLY IN SURFACE
IMPOUNDMENTS ONSITE
6. PLANNED SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS TO STORE, TREAT, OR
DISPOSE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE ONSITE
QUESTIONNAIRE L: LANDFILLS
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE LANDFILL
3. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSED OF IN LANDFILLS ONSITE
4. PLANNED LANDFILLS TO DISPOSE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
ONSITE
QUESTIONNAIRE M: LAND TREATMENT
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE LAND TREATMENT AREA
3. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSED OF IN LAND TREATMENT
AREAS ONSITE
4. PLANNED LAND TREATMENT AREAS TO DISPOSE OF
HAZARDOUS WASTE ONSITE
QUESTIONNAIRE N: UNDERGROUND INJECTION WELLS
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. SPECIFIC DATA FOR EACH IN-USE UNDERGROUND
INJECTION WELL
3. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSED OF IN UNDERGROUND
INJECTION WELLS ONSITE
4. PLANNED UNDERGROUND INJECTION WELLS TO DISPOSE
OF HAZARDOUS WASTE ONSITE
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A-6 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
QUESTIONNAIRE O: TANK SYSTEMS
1. GENERAL FACILITY DATA
2. TANKS REGULATED BY THE 90-DAY RULE
3. STORAGE OR ACCUMULATION IN RCRA PERMITTED OR
INTERIM STATUS TANKS
4. PIPING CONNECTED TO HAZARDOUS WASTE TANKS
5. TANK DESCRIPTIONS FOR EACH IN-USE TANK
6. TANK DESCRIPTIONS FOR EACH PLANNED TANK
-------
APPENDIX B
DEFINITIONS OF WASTE CODES
-------
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes 8-1
The following list of codes is provided to assist you in completing the questions which ask about the types of
hazardous waste generated and managed onsite at your facility. This list of codes has two parts:
• A list of X waste codes which was developed specifically for this survey to describe (1) Waste that is
considered hazardous by some state or federal regulations, but not now considered hazardous by
RCRA regulations and (2) Hazardous waste residuals from onsite hazardous waste management oper-
ations.
• A list of codes for the waste considered hazardous by federal RCRA regulations—RCRA D, F, K, P, anc
U waste codes.
If you generated or managed a type of waste that is considered hazardous by regulations in your state and a
waste code is not provided or if you have any questions about this list of waste codes, please call the Survey
Helpline (1-800-635-8850).
X WASTE CODES
This list of X waste codes was developed specifically for this survey. These X codes are not official RCRA
waste codes and should be used ONLY for this survey.
Cod* Waste description
Waste That Is Considered Hazardous by Some State and Federal Regulations,
But Not by RCRA Regulations
XPB1 Waste which has a concentration of polyehlohnated biphenyls less than SO parts per million
XPB2 Waste which has a concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls greater than or equal to 50 parts per million but less
than 500 pans per million
XPB3 Waste which has a concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls greater than or equal to 500 parts per million
XASB Waste containing asbestos
XOIL Waste oil
XOXN Wasle containing dioxins/furans ('See Not* 1)
Hazardous Wast* Residuals from Onstta Hazardous Waste Management Operations (See Note 2)
XLEA Leachate from hazardous waste landfills
XASH Hazardous incinerator, boiler, or furnace ash
XSCR Hazardous incinerator, boiler, or furnace scrubber water
XWWS Hazardous wastewater treatment sludge (SeeNofe 3)
XWWL Hazardous wastewater treatment liquid (See No» 3)
NOTES:
1. Oo not use XOXN to denote dioxin-containing wastes described by RCRA waste codes.
2. These waste codes were developed to describe hazardous waste residuals that result from the orwJte management of
many individual RCRA coded wastes which are no longer individually identifiable.
3. Do not use XWWS or XWWL to denote hazardous wasiewater treatment sludges or liquids that contain wastes
described by RCRA waste codes beginning with the letter F or K. Instead, list F or K waste codes separately and use
XWWS and/or XWWL to denote all other constituents.
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B-2
RCRA WASTE CODES
Cod* Waste description
Characteristic Hazardous Waste (A description of the characteristic hazardous wasns can fie fauna K 40 CFR 26:
261.24, Jury 1, 7986. Listed in the box Mow is the maximum concentration of contaminants for the characteristic of EP toxic
0001 Ignttafite waste
0002 Corrosive waste
0003 Reactive waste
0004 Arsenic
0005 Barium
0009 Cadmium
0007 Chromium
0008 Lead
0009 Mercury
D010 Selenium
D011 Silver
D012
D013 Undone (1 JA4&B^e»2i-b« (p^neiriaKyprwnylJetrtane)
0018 Tanpnene (C,aHwCI9.te<*n)cai chkjrinated camphene£7-€9% chlorine)
0016 2,4«(2,4^ichtoropr«ra(yaceticecid)
0017 2.45TP Sirvw (2.45michkinJnhefiUKypiuniuniL acid)
MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANTS FOR CHARACTERISTIC OF EP TOXICI
A solid vwsta exrtiDto the characaristtc of E
the wassi contains any at the contaminants
RCfU
Wast*
Code Contaminant
0004 Arsenic
0005 Barium
0008 Cadrrawi
0007 Chromium
0008 Lead
DOW Mercury
0010 Setertum
0011 Sflver
naphthalene)
LA7T4 MeUKXycraQr (1 ,1 ,>VKntOnKU-O
LWV i,4i>f p strew (eMjMncruoroQnoi
T* toncfly n, ustfiQ cr nucfly OR rnflinoHit uw gong iron A reprwoniouve win
listad betow at a uniceiitralioii aquil to or gnsatflr than me value given.
^pcgy-M^a^SAyftBa^Qatfiydfo-ld^ endg ando-Sfl-difrwtfvtno-
q.
1
-u-u_n_rLjij-i**i««i*> eu^A
•UMyyi U^*M •»* MIHUf
Maxlrr
concent
(mllllgr
peril)
SI
10W
11
SJ
OJ
SI
01
a*
10
-------
; Definn
Cod* Waste description
Hazardous Waste from Nonspecific Sources
F001 The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing: tetrachloroethylene, trichlorethylene, methylene chlo-
ride, 1,1,1-trichloroethans. carbon tetrachlonde and chlorinated fluorocarbons and all spent solvent mixtures/blends
used in degreasing containing, before use, a total of 10 percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above
halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these
spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures
F002 The following spent halogenated solvents: tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, 1,1.2-lriehloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene. trich-
lorofluoromethane. and 1,1,2, trichloroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, and trichlorofluoromethane; all spent solvent
mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of 10 percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above
halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001. F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these
spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures
F003 The following spent nonhalogenated solvents: xylene. acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methyl
isobutyl ketone. n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol: all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before
use, only the above spent nonhalogenated solvents; and all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use,
one or more of the above nonhalogenated solvents, and a total of 10 percent or more (by volume) of one or more of
those solvents listed in F001, F002. F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and
spent solvent mixtures
F004 The following spent nonhalogenated solvents: cresois and cresylic acid, and nitrobenzene; and the still bottoms Iron
the recovery of these solvents; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing before use a total of 10% or more (by
volume) of one or more of the above nonhalogenated solvents or those solvents listed in FOOL F002, and FOOS; and
still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures
F009 The following spent nonhalogenated solvents: toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon disulfide, isobutanot, pyridine,
benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol. and 2-nitropropane: all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of 1<
percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above nonhalogenated solvents or those solvents listed in FOOi.
F002. or F004: and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures
FOOfl Wastewater treatment sludges from certain electroplating operations except from the following processes; (1) Suifui
acid anodizing of aluminum: (Z) tin plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon steel: (4) all
minum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel; (5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc, and aluminum plat-
ing on carbon steel; and (6) chemical etching and milling of aluminum
FOOT Spent cyanide plating bath solutions from electroplating operation*
F004 Residues from electroplating operations where cyanides arc used in the process
F009 Spent stripping and cleaning bath solutions from electroplating operation* where cyanides ase used in the process
F010 Quenching bath residues and sludges from oil baths from metal heat treating operation* where cyanides are used li
the process
FOi i Spent cyanide solutions from salt bath pot cleaning from metal heat treating operations (except tor precious metals
heat treating spent cyanide solutions from salt bath pot cleaning)
FOi 2 Quenching wastawatsr treatment sludges from metal heat treating operations where cyanides are used in the
process (except for precious metals heat treating quenching wastewater treatment sludges)
FOi 9 Waste* from the chemical conversion coating of aluminum
F020 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chtonde purification) from the production or manufacti
ing use (as a resctant, chemical intermediate1, or component in a formulating process) of tri- or tetrachiorophenoi or
intermediates used to product their pesticide derivatives. (This listing doss not induce wastes from the production >
hexacMoropnene from highly purified 2.4,54richlorophsnol.)
F021 Wastes (except wastswatar and spent carton from hydrogen chloride) purification) from the production or manufacti
ing use (as a reactant. chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of psntachlorophenol, or of ir
termediates used to produce derivatives
F022 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the manufacturing use (as i
resctant. chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tetnv. pent* or hexachlorobenzenes ur
der alkaline conditions
F023 Wastes (except wastswatsr and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials
equipment previously used for the production or manufacturing use (as a resctant, chemical intermediate, or compi
nent in a formulating process) of tri- and tetrschtorophenols. (This listing does not include wastes from equipment
used only for the production or use of hexachloropnene from highly punned 2.4,5-trtchlorophenol.)
(conti
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B-4
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation ana Management
Code Waste description
F024 Wastes, including but not limited to. distillation residues, heavy ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes Iron the
production of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, having a carbon content from one to five, utilizing free radical
catalyzed processes. (This listing does not include light ends, spent filters and filter aids, spent dessicanta,
wastewater, wastewater treatment sludges, spent catalysts, and wastes listed in § 261.32.)
F026 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials
equipment previously used lor the manufacturing use (as a reactant. chemical intermediate, or component in a
formulating process) of tetra-. penta-. or hexacnloroberuene under alkaline conditions.
F027 Discarded unused formulations containing in-, letra-, or pentachtorophenol or discarded unused formulations
containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing
haxacnloropnene synthesized from prepunfied 2.4,5-lhchlorophenol as the sole component.)
F027 2,4.6-Trichlorophenol
F027 2,3,4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
F02T Pentachlorophenol
F027 Phenol,2.4,5-lrichloro
F027 2,4.5-T
F027 Phenol .peniachtore
F027 Silvex
F027 Phenol,2,3,4,5-tetrachloro
F027 Ptwnoi,2,4.6-lrlcnloro
F027 Propionic acid, 2-(2p4,5-trichJcfophenoxy)
F027 2.4,5-TnchKxopnenot
F027 2,4,5-TrichlorophenoxyaceUc acid
F028 Residues resulting from the incineration or thermal treatment of soil contaminated with EPA hazardous waste nos.
F020. F021. F022, F023. F026, and F027
Hazardous Waste from Specific Source*
K001 Bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote anoVc
pentaehtorophenol
K002 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome yellow and orange pigments
K003 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production ofmotybdate orange pigmenta
K004 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of zinc yellow pigmenta
K009 Wtatewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome green pigments
KOOfl Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome oxide green pigmenta (anhydrous and hydrated)
K007 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of Iron blue pigmenta
K008 OMn reaidue from tne produJitofl of chrome oxide greeri ptQmenti
KOOfl DMOatton bottoms from the production of icetaMehyde from etnytene
K010 Diriflalicfls^ cuts frc
-------
AQoendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes 8-5
Cod* Watt* description
Hazardous Watte from Specific Source*
K019 Heavy ends from the distillation of ethyiene dichloride in ethylene dichloride production
K020 Heavy ends from the distillation of vinyl chloride in vinyl chloride monomer production
K021 Aqueous spent antimony catalyst waste Irom fluoromethanes production
KQ22 Distillation bottom tars from the production of phenol/acetone from cumene
K023 Distillation light ends Irom the production of phthalie anhydride from naphthalene
K024 Distillation bottoms from the production ol phthalie anhydride from naphthalene
K025 Distillation bottoms Irom the production ol nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene
K026 Stripping still tails from the production of methyl ethyl pyridines
K027 Centrifuge and distillation residues from toluene diisocyanate production
K028 Spent catalyst from the hydrochlorinator reactor in the production ol 1,1,1-trichloroethane
K029 Waste from me product steam stripper in the production of 1,1,1 -trichloroethane
K030 Column bottoms or heavy ends Irom the combined production ol trichloroethylene and perchloroelhylene
K031 By-product salts generated in the production of MSMA and cacodylic acid
K032 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chlordane
K033 Wastewater and scrub water from the chlorination of cyclopentadiene in the production ol chlordane
K034 Filter solids from the filtration ol hexachlorocyclopentadiene in the production of chlordane
K035 Wastewater treatment sludges generated in the production of creosote
K038 Still bottoms from toluene reclamation distillation in the production of dlsuKoton
K037 Waateweter treatment sludges from the production of dlsulfoton
K038 Waatewater from the washing and stripping of phorate production
K039 Filter cake from the filtration of diethylphosphoredithioic acid in the production of phorate.
K040 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of phorate
K041 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of toxaphene
KMJ Heavy ends or distillation residues from the distillation of tetrachlorobenzene in the production of 2.4,5-T
K043 2,6-Oichlorophenol waste from the production of 2,4-0
K044 Wastewaier treatment sludges from the manufacturing and processing of explosive*
K049 Spent carbon from the treatment of wastewater containing explosive*
K046 Wastewater treatment sludges from the manufacturing, formulation, and loading of lead-based initiating compounds
K047 Pink/red water from TNT operation*
K048 Dissolved air flotation (DAF) float from the petroleum refining industry
K049 Slop oil emulsion solids from the petroleum refining industry
KOSO Heat exchanger bundle cleaning sludge from the petroleum refining industry
K051 API separator sludge from the petroleum refining industry
K052 Tank bottoms (leaded) from tne petroleum refining industry
K040 Ammonia still lime sludge from coking operation*
K061 Emission control dust/sludg* from the primary production of steal in electric furnace*.
K062 Spent pickle liquor from steel finishing operations of punts that produce iron or steel
K069 Emission control dust/sludg* from secondary lead smelting
K071 Brine purification muds from the mercury cell process in chlorine production, where separately prepurified brine is
not used
K073 Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from the purification step of the diaphragm cell process using graphite anodes in
chlohne production
K0*3 Distillation bottoms from aniline production
KOS4 Wastewater treatment sludges generated during the production of veterinary pharmaceutical* from arsenic or
organc-araenic compound*
(continued)
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B-6 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Coda Wast* description
K085 Distillation or fractionation column bottoms Irom the production of chlorobenzenes
K086 Solvent washes and sludges, caustic washes and sludges, or water washes and sludges from cleaning tubs and
equipment used in the formulation of ink from pigments, driers, soaps, and stabilizers containing chromium and le
K087 Decanter tank tar sludge from coking operations
K093 Distillation light ends from the production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xyiene
K094 Distillation bottoms from the production of phthalic anhydride from orthc-xylene
K095 Distillation bottoms from the production of 1.1,1-trichloroethana
K096 Heavy ends from the heavy ends column from the production of 1,1,1-trichioroethane
K097 Vacuum stripper discharge from the chlordane chlorinator in the production of chlordane
K098 Untreated process wastewater from the production of toxaphene
K099 Untreated wastewater from the production of 2,4-0
K100 Waste leaching solution from acid leaching of emission control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting
K101 Distillation tar residues from the distillation of aniline-based compounds in the production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds
K102 Residue from the use of activated carbon for decolonization in the production of veterinary pharmaceuticaJs from
arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds
K103 Process residues from aniline extraction from the production of aniline-
K104 Combined wastewater streams generated from nitrobenzene/aniline production
K105 Separated aqueous stream from the reactor product washing step in trie production of chiorobenzerta*>
K106 Wastewater treatment sludge from the mercury call process in chlorine production
K111 Product washwalers from the production of dinitrotofutne via nitration of toluene
K112 Reaction byproduct water from the drying column in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation ot
dmrtrotoluene
K113 Condensed liquid light ends from purification ot toluanadlamina in production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation
dinitrotoluana.
K114 vicinal* from the purification of toluenediamine in production of toJuenediamlne via hydrogenation of dlnitrotoluanc
K115 Heavy end* from purification of toluenediamine in the production of toluenediamine via, hydrogenation of
dmitrotoiuene)
K116 Organic condensate from the solvent recovery column in tna production of toluene diisocyanate via phosgenation <
toluenediamine
K117 Wastewater from tna reactor vent gas scrubber in the production of etnytene dibromida via brominatkxi of ethene
Kl 18 Spent adsorbent solids from purification of ettiytana dibromide In the production of ethylene dibromida via
bromination of ethane.
K136 StHI bottoms from tna purification of ethylene dibromida in tna production of ethytone dibromide via bromination of
etnanel
Discarded Commercial Chemical Product*, Off-Specification Species, Container Residuals), and Spill
ResldumTTweo<-Ac*rte Hazardous Waste r>^a*y>«6efl^ m&)
P001 Wvfann. when present at concafflnrionsgrstiertr^
P001 tyWteetonyt-berayO-t^ydnxrycourrartn and salts, when pre««rit al coneemrattone greater than O3%
POC2 /«tamio* N-(arrtr«Woxomethyl>
P002 i-Acetyl-2-thkxirea,
P003 2-PropanaJ
PO03 Acrolein
P004 i2A4,iaiO-Hexachkx>l,4,4a&a3a-h«xahvdr>l,4:5^^
P004 AJdrin
(cont
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes
B-7
Code Waste description
POOS
POOS
P006
P007
P007
POOS
POOS
POOS
POOfl
P009
P010
P01 1
P011
P012
P012
P013
P014
POM
P015
P016
P016
P017
P017
P018
P018
P020
P020
P021
P022
P022
P021
P023
P024
P024
P026
P02fl
P027
P027
POM
P02»
POM
POM
P031
P033
POM
2-Propen-1-o».
Allylalcoho*
Aluminum phosphide (r,t)
3<2H).|soxaa>tona.5-(aminomeihyl).
5-
Bis6K1-meihypropyl)-
Calcium cyanide
Cartoon bisulfide (t)
Can»o disutfWe (t)
AcetaWehyd*. chfcxo-
Beruanainuw. 4-chJon>
p-CNoraafiilin*
Thiouree, (2-chtofOp04ny«>.
rto>chl
Prop
3-Chtorapreptonttrito
Benzcnt. (cMorenMttiyO-
Benzyl chtortd*
Copper cyanidM
Cyanide* (soluble cyanide salts), not elsewhere specified (t)
Cyanogen
Cyanogen chloride
Chlorine cyanide
(continued
-------
B-8
1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Cod* Waa*ede*crtptta
P034 4,6^r»«rc-c-cycloriexylphenol (t)
P034 Pherw«,2-cyclohexyM,6-dinrtro- (1)
P038 Dichtoroprienylarsine
P036 Phenyl dichloroarsine
P037 Dietdrm
P037 1,2,3,4,10.1(HHaxachloro6,7-«xpoxy-i.4,4a,5.6>7.8,Ba-octafiydro4ndo.exo-1,4:S,aHliniethanonaphtnalfln«
POM Diethylarsine
POM Arsine,diethyt-(t)
P039 0.0-Diethyl S-{2-(atriytthlo)ethyll phosphorodithioate (t)
P039 Oisulfoton (t)
P040 0,0-Olethyl 0-pyraxinyl phosphorolhioaM
P040 Phosphorothioic acid, 0,0-diathy) 0- pyrazinyl ester
P041 Diethyt-p-nrtrophenyi phosphate
P041 Phosphoric acid, diethyl p-nitrophenyi ester
P042 Epinephrtne
P042 1,2-Beri2enediol. 4-( 1 -hydroxy-2-(methytamino)ethyl)-
P043 Olisopropyt fluoroprtosphat*
P043 Ruoridlc acid, bis(1-methytethyn ester
P043 Phoeprwroftuoridic acid, bis(1-methyt«thy<) ester
P044 Oimetftoate(t)
P044 Phmphorodithloto add. 0.0-dimetftyt SK2-(metriy(amino>-2-oxoethy(]eater (t)
P045 3,3-Oim«ttiyM-oU'4-dinitro-6-^,7^xpc«y.l,4,4a,5,67,8.8a^xtar>ydrc-«no^,efl,4:5,W
P051 Endrtv
POM BhylenMn*
P054 AUridJM
POM Huortn*
POST Ruoroee«ttm*d«
POST XcelsinWc^-fluor-
POM Ruoroacetle add. sodlurn satt
POM Acetic acid, fluoro-. sodium salt
P039 Heptacftlor
POS9
(ce
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B-9
Code Waste description
P060 HexacnJorehexahydro-«ndo,endo-dirnethanonapthalene
P060 1 ,2,3,4.10.10-Hexachlorc-1 ,4.4a,5,B,8a-hexahydrc-i ,4:5.8-«ndo. endc-dimethanonaphthalene
P062 Hexaethyt tetraphosphate
P062 Tetraphosphoric acid, hexaethyl ester
P063 Hydrocyanic acid
P063 Hydrogen cyanide
POM Methyl isocyanate
POM Isocyanic acid, methyl ester
P06S Fulmintc acid, mercury(U) salt (r.t)
P06S Mercury fulminate (r,t)
POM Melhomyt
POM Acetimidic acid, N-|(methylcart>amoyl)oxy]thio-, methyl ester
PM7 2-Methylaziridine
P067 1,2-Propytemmine
P068 Hydrazine.methyi-
P0«a Methyl hydrazine
P0«» 2-Methytlactonrtrile
P069 Propanenithle^-hydroxy-2-rnethyl-
P070 Propanal, 2-methy(-2-(m«tnytihio)-, 0|(m«ihylamino)cart)onyl)oxime
P070 Aldlcarb
P071 0,0-Dimeinyl CHwirtrophenyt phc4phorothioatc
P071 Methyl parathion
P072 o-Naphttiytthtourea
P072 Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyt-
P073 Nickel tetracarOony)
P073 Nickel carbonyl
P074 NicKeKIDcyaride
P074 Nickel cyankle
P07S Nicotine and sails (I)
POTS Pyndine, (S)-3K1-methyV2-pyrnXidinyl>. and satt»
P078 Nitrogen (H) oxide (t)
P076 Nrtrtc oxide (t)
P077 p-Nttroaniline (t)
POTT Benzenamirw, 4-nttn>
P07B Nitrogen (IV) oxid*
P079 Nitrogen dtabd*
POai Nitrogh/Mrtn* (r.t)
P
-------
fl-TO 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Code Waste description
P087 Osmium tetroxide
• P087 Osmium oxide
POM Endothall
P088 7-Oxabicyclo(2.2.1 |heptane-2,3-dicarooxylic acid
P089 Parathion (t)
P089 Phosphorothioic acid.O.O-diethyl 0-on«. and salts (t)
P108 Strychnine and salts (t)
P109 Dithlopyrophosptoric acid, tetraethyl ester
P1M TetraetftyWItntopyrophoaphate
P110 Plumoane.tetraetnyt-
P110 Tetraetnyl lead
P111 Tetraethytpyrophosphate
P111 Pyrophesphoric add. tetraetnyl ester
P112 Metnane.tetnuutro-(r)
P112 Tetranitromethane (r)
P113 ThalllunXUI) oxide
P113 ThallicoxkJe
P114 Thalliumfl) selenide
P115 Sulturic acid, thaJlium
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B-11
Code Wa»tt description
P116 Hydrazinecartoothioamide
P116 Thiosemicarbazide
P118 Methanethiol.trichloro-
P118 Trichloromethaneihiol
P119 Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
P119 Ammonium vanadale
P120 Vanadium pentoxide
P120 VanadiumfV) oxide
P121 Zinc cyanide
P122 Zinc phosphide (r,t)
P122 Zinc phosphide, when present at concentrations greater than
PI23 Toxaphene
PI23 Camphene, octachloro-
Discarded Commercial Chemical Products, Off-Specification Species, Container Residues, and Spill
Residues Thereof—Toxic Waste (An alphabetized listing ca/i t* found at 40 CFR 261.33, July r, 1986.)
U001 Ethanal (i)
U001 Acetaidehyde (i)
U002 2-Propanone (i)
U002 Acetone (i)
U003 Ethanenilrile (i,t)
U003 Acetonitrile (i.t)
U004 Etnanone.i-phenyi-
U004 Acetophenone
UOOS 2-Acetylaminofluorene
UOOS Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-
U006 Elhanoyi chloride (c.r.t)
U006 Acetyt chloride (c.r,t)
U007 2-Propenamide
U007 Acrylamide
U008 2-Propenotc acid (i)
UOOS Acrylic aod (i)
U009 2-PrepanenrtrUe
UOOS Acrytonitrtto
U010 MitomycinC
U010 A2JrirKX2'3':l4)pyTroto(1,2-a)indo(e-4,7-dione,
methoxy-S-metfryt-,
U011 lH-1,2,4-Triazo4-3-«min«
U011 Amiirole
U012 Benzenarnine (i,t)
U012 Aniline (i,t)
U014 Auramine
U014 Benzenamirw. 4.4'
(continue-
-------
B'12 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Code WM» description
U01S L-Serine, diazoacetate (ester)
U015 Azaserine
U016 Benzfcjacridine
U016 3.4-Benzacridine
U017 Benzal chloride
U017 Benezene, (dichtoromethyl)-
U01B 8enz(a)anthracen«
U018 1,2-Benzanihracene
U019 Benzene (i,I)
U020 Benzenesulfonyt chloride (c,r)
U020 Benzenesulfonic acid chloride (c,r)
U021 Benzidine
U021 (i,V-BiphenyiH,4'-diamine
U022 8enzo(a]pyrene
U022 3.4-Benzopyrene
U023 Benzotrichlonde (c,r,t)
U023 Benzene. (tnehloromethy1Mc,r,t)
U024 Bis(2-chloro«ih«ty) methane
U024 Ethane.1,1 '•{methy(eneoia
U025 Dichloroethyl ether
U025 Ethane. 1,1 '-oaytois{2-chloro-
U026 2-Naphthyctt
U036 Chlordane. technical
U037 Chtofooenzen*
U037 Benzene, chloro-
(com.
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B-13
Cod* Wast* description
U038 Ethyl 4,4'-dichlorobennlale
U038 Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chlon>a-<4-chlorc-phenyl)-c»-hydroxy, ethyl ester
U039 Phenol,4-chloro-3-methyt-
U039 4-Chlorc-nvcresol
U041 Oxirane,2--
U041 1-Chloro-2,3-expoxypropane
U042 Elhene.2
U048 o-Chlorophenol
U049 4-ChlorcHXoluidin0.hydrochlorid«
U049 Benzenamine. 4-chlon>2-fnethyt-
U050 1.2-Benzphenanthrenc
U050 Chrysene
U051 Creosote
U052 Cresylicacid
U052 Cresola
UOS3 2-ButenaJ
U053 Crotonaldehyd*
U055 Cumen0(i)
U055 Benzene, (1-methylethylMl)
U056 Cyclohexane (i)
U059 Benzene, hexahydro (i)
UOS7 Cyclohexanona (I)
U058 2H-1 A2-Oxuaphoaphohrw, 2-{bis(2-chloroathyl)aininoH*tranydre-2 oxide
U058 Cydopftotptiamid*
UOS» 5.12-,
tetra^ydrc-6A11-trihydroxy-l-niethcory-
U059 Daunomydn
U060 Dichloro diphenyi dichkxoethifl*
U060 ODD
U061 DOT
U061 Dichloro diphenyi thchloroethan*
U062 OiaJlatt
U0«2 S-(23-Oichloroalryl)diisopn>pytthiocarbajnat«
(continue*
-------
B~14 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Code Waate description
U063 Dibenzfa.h]anthracene
U063 1,2:5.6-Dibenzantnracene
U064 Dibenz(a.i|pyrene
U064 1,27,8-Oibenzopyrene
U066 Propane. 1-2-dibromo-3-chloro-
U066 1,2-Oibromo-3-chloropropane
U067 Ethytene dibromide
U067 Elhane, 1,2-dibromo-
U068 Methane, dibromo-
U068 Methyiene bromide
UG69 Oibutyl phthalate
U069 1,2-Banzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
U070 o-Oichlorobenzene
U070 Benzene, 1,2-dichloro
U071 m-Oichlorobenzene
U071 Benzene. 1,3-dichloro-
U072 p-0ichlorobenzen«
U072 Benzene. 1.4-dichloro
U073 (I.V-BiphenylH^'-diamineJJ'-dicfiloro
U073 aS'-OicMorobenzidine
U074 2-Buien«,l,4Hjichlore-(i,t)
U074 i,4-0!ctilofo-2-t)uierie(i,t)
U075 Methane, dichkxodrHuoro-
U075 Didilorodifluoromethane
U078 Elhylldenedicrilarida
U078 Ethtne,i,i-dicrilofO-
U077 Ethyrtne dichlorid*
U077 Ethane,1,2-dichloro-
U07» Etnene,M-dicriloro-
U07B 1,l-Dichtoro«hyt«ne
U079 Ethene, trans-i,2-dichloro-
U079 1,2-Oichloroettiylenei
UOM Mefwiw, dicrilofo-
UOBO Metiylefwchlorid*
U081
U081
U082
U082 2,Mfcntoreplwno<
U083 Prapytomdfcfdorid*
U043 1,2-Oicfikxoprepane
U084 Prop*n«,1J-diChlOfO-
U084 l^Olchlon
U085 2.7-BlocirarM O.t>
U089
(con.
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B-15
Code W«*t« description
U08B Hydrazin*. 1.2-dietnyt-
U086 N.N-Diethylhydrazine
U087 Phosphoroditnioic acid.O.O-diethyl-, S-methyl-ester
U087 0,0-Diethyl-S-metnyl-dithiophosphate
U088 Diethyl phthaJate
UOBS 1 ,2-Banzanedicaitwxylic acid, diethyt ester
U089 4,4'-Slilbenediol.a.a'-diethyl-
U089 Diethylstilbestrol
U090 Dihydrosafreto
U090 Benzene, l,2-methylenediaxy-4-propyl-
U091 (1,1 '-BiphenylH,4'-diamine,a3'-dimethc*y-
U091 33'-Oimethoxybenzidine
U092 Methanamine, N-tnethyHi)
U092 Dimethylamine (i)
U093 Dimethylaminoazobenzem
U093 Benzenamina. N,N-dimethy1-*-phenylazo-
U094 7,l2-Dimethy(ben2(a|anthracene
U094 i,2-Benzanthracane.7.l2-dimethyf-
U095 (1,1 '-Bipheny(}-4,4'-diamineA3'-climethyt.
U095 U'-Oimethytbenzidirw
UOM Hydrop«raxid«. 1-metnyt-pn«ny1eUiyHr)
U096 a.orOimethylbenzylhydroparaxide (r)
U097 Carbamoyl chloridedimethyl-
U097 Dimetnylcarbainoyl ehlond*
U098 Hydrazin«,l,l-dlm«hyW
U098 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
UOM Hydrazirw, 1,2-dinwthyt-
U099 1,2-Oimethylhydnzine
U101 Ph«nol,2,4-dimethy»-
U101 2,4-Oimethyiphefxjl
U102 Dimethyl pnthilfl*
U102 1-2-Benzenedicartoxylic acid, dimethyl ester
U103 Sulfuric acid, dimethyl
U103 Dimethyl sultu*
U105
U105 Benzen*.
U106 2,6-Olnttrotolu«W
U106 Benzene. 1-metftyt-25-dinrtio
U107 OkvoOylphltwlM
U107 i-2-eenz«oed*cartxBcyUc acid. dt-n-octy( eater
U1 08 1 ,4-Olethytone dtoide
U108 1,4-Oioxan*
U109 Hydnuine, 1^-diptwnyt.
U1M 1,2-Olphenylhydrtzine
(continue
-------
B-16 7956 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Code Waate description
U110 1-Propanamine,N-propyl-
U128 HexacMonbutidlne
U128
U12« HexadKomcydotaane (7 iaomert
Ul2fl IJndane
U130 HexactilorocycJopentadine
U130
U131 Hexadiloreethane
U131 EUiar»,l,1,1.2,2.2-hexachl
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B-17
Code WMti description
U132 Hexacriloroprien*
U132 2,2-Memylenebia<3,4.6-trichlorophenol)
U133 Hydrazine (r.t)
U133 Oiamine(r.t)
U134 Hydrogen fluoride (c.t)
U 1 34 Hydrofluoric acid (c.t)
U135 Sulfur hydride
U135 Hydrogen aulfida
U136 Hydroxydimethylarsine oxide
U136 Cacodylic acid
U137 l.iO-(l.2-Phenylene)pyrene
U137 ldenotl,2,3-cd)pyrene
U138 Methane, iodo-
U138 Methyl iodide
U139 Ferric dextran
U139 Irondexiran
U1 40 1 -Prop«nol,2-mathyt- (i.t)
U140 Isobutyl alcohol (I.t)
U141 Isosafrote
U141 Benzen*.1.2-methylenedioxy-4-propenyV
U142 Kepone
U1 42 Decachlorooctahydro-1 ,3.4^netheno-2H-cyclobutaIc.d]-pentalen-2-one
U143 Lasiocarpiiw
U144 Leadaceute
U144 Acetic acM. lead salt
U145 Phosphoric acid, lead saH
U145 Lead phosphate
U146 Lead aubacatate
U147 2,5-FurandioiM
U147 MaJew anhydride
U14B Maletc hydrazid*
U14f 1,2-Dihydro-3.6-pyraduinedione
U149 Propanedlnitrito
U149 Malononitrfl*
U150 Melphalan
U1SO AJantne. 3-{p*t«<2-cWoroetr»yf)«mirw| phenyKL-
U151 Mercury
U1S2 Propene«rtrito4!-m«triyt-(l,t)
U152
U153 Trilonwttunoi 0.0
U153 Methantttifcl (I.t)
U154 MetlunolO)
U154 Methyl alcohol (I)
U155 PyrWine, 2^2-dlmethytamifxi)«lhyt|-2-ph«nylamino-
U155 Methapynlene
(continued)
-------
B-18 1 986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Code WMM description
U156 Methyl chlorocarbonate (i.t)
U156 Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester (i.t)
U157 3-Meihyleholanthren«
U157 Benz(j]aceanthrylene, 1,2-dihydro-3-methyl-
U158 4,4'.Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
U158 Benzenamine,4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloro-
U159 Methyl ethyl ketone (i,t)
U159 2-Butanone (i,t)
U160 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (r.t)
U160 2-Butanone peroxide (r,t)
U161 4-Methyi-2-pentanone (i)
U161 Methyl isobutyl ketone (i)
U162 2-Propenoic acid. 2-methyl-. methyl ester (i.t)
U162 Methyl methacrylate (i.t)
U163 Guanidine, N-nitroso-N-methyl-N'-niiro-
U163 N-methyl-N'-nitre-N-nitrosoguanidine
U164 4{iH)-Pyrimidinone12.3-N-nrtroso-
(contir
-------
Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B-T9
Cod* Waata damlptlon
U180 Nitrosopymriidin*
U180 Pyrrole, tatrahydro-N-nitroso-
U181 5-Nitro-o-toluidina
U181 Benzenamine,2-methyt-5-.
U188 Phenol
U188 Benzene, hydroxy-
U189 Phoaphorus sulfide (r)
U189 Sulfur phosphide (r)
U190 Phthalic anhydride
U190 l.2-8enzen«dicartMxy1ic acid anhydride
U191 2-Picoiin*
U191 Pyridine, 2-methyl-
U192 Pronamid*
U192 3,54>ichloro^(1,1-dimethyl-2s>ropynyl)banzBrnid«
U193 i,2-Oxathiol«n«, 2^-dioxid*
U193 i ,3-Propmne surtone
U194 1-Propanajhin«(i,t)
U194 N-Propytami'rw (1,1)
U19« Pyridirw
U197 p-Bcnzoquinon*
U197 1,4-CydolM)cadi*rwdlaM
U200 ReMfpin*-
U200 Yohlmb4i>1S-cart»o*yttc add, 11.17-dlrrwthoxy-l8K(3.4,5-iririMthoxy-b*nzoy
-------
B-20 1986 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
Code Wast* description
U206 Streptozotocin
U206 D-Glucopyranose. 2-deoxy-2(3-methyi-3-nitrosoureido)-
U207 1.2.4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
U207 Benzene. 1.2.4.S-ietrachloro-
U208 1.1.1,2-Tetrachloroeihane
U208 Ethane, 1,1,1,2-letrachloro-
U209 1,1,2.2-Tetrachloroeihane
U209 Ethane. 1-1-2-2-tetrachloro-
U210 Tetrachloroethylene
U210 Ethene.i.i,2.2-tetrachioro
U211 Methane, teirachloro-
U211 Caibon tetrachlonde
U213 Tetrahydrofuran (i)
U213 Furan. tetrahydro-
-------
^Appendix B: Definitions of Waste Codes B~2l
Code Waste description
U235 1 -PropanoU.3-dibromo-.phosphate (3:1)
U235 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
U236 Trypan blue
U236 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid. 3.3'-|(33'-dimeihyHi ,1 '•biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl))-bis-4-hydraxy),
tetrasodium salt
U237 Uracil mustard
U237 Uracil, 5-[bis<2-chloroethyl)-aminoh
U238 Ethyl carbarmate (urethan)
U238 Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
U239 Xylene(i)
U239 Benzene, dimethyl. (i,t)
U240 2,4-0. salts and esters
U240 2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, salts, and esters
U243 l.Propene,1,1,2,33,3-hexachlorc-
U243 Hexachloropropene
U244 Thiram
U244 Bis(dimethyl1hiocarbamoyl) disulfide
U246 Bromine cyanide
U246 Cyanogen bromide
U247 Ethane. 1,1.1,4nchlofo2-2^is
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
GENERATOR AND TSDR SURVEY
QUESTIONS REFERENCED IN THIS REPORT
-------
-------
Appendix C. Survey Questions C-f
GENERATOR AND TSDR SURVEY
QUESTIONS REFERENCED IN THIS
REPORT
Interpreting data from the Generator and TSDR Surveys often requires
knowledge of how the data were reported by respondents. As a reference to
readers, the survey questions from which data are derived are included in
parenthesis in the source information at the bottom of all applicable charts.
This appendix illustrates representative Generator and TSDR Survey
questions referenced in this report Questions are presented in numerical order
by the questionnaire from which the question originates. Questions repeated
in the surveys for each waste management activity are shown only once in this
appendix.
-------
-------
Appendix C. Survey Questions
C-3
QUESTIONNAIRE A:
GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION
3. What quantity of hazardous waste was managed onsite during 1986 in UNITS REQUIRING A RCRA
PERMIT? What percentage of this quantity was hazardous wastewater?
Report here the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste that entered one or more of this facility's treatment,
storage, accumulation, disposal, or recovery units during 7986. Include only hazardous waste that was
managed in units for which you have a RCRA permit or interim status. Report hazardous waste that was
accumulated ONLY if it was later stored, disposed, treated, or recovered for reuse onsite. COUNT ONLY
ONCE any quantity of hazardous waste that entered more than one type of operation. For example,
hazardous waste that was both treated and stored should be COUNTED ONLY ONCE. Similarly, hazardous
waste that was treated more than once should be COUNTED ONLY ONCE.
Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Managed Onsite in UNITS'
REQUIRING A RCRA PERMIT
Enter waste quantities that need to be reported in tons on row
a and waste quantities that need to be reported in gallons on
row b. Indicate the percentage of each quantity that was
hazardous wastewater.
Quantity
a i ; !
!
h ! i
I
I
Unit of
measure
. . . Tons . . .
. . Gallons . .
Percentage of quantity that
was hazardous wastewater
% . . .'.
% . . . .'
8. What quantity of hazardous waste In each of the following categories was managed onsite during
1986?
Report here the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste that entered one or more of this facility's treatment, storage,
accumulation, disposal, or recovery units during 1986—regardless of the permit status of the unit. Report hazardous
waste that was accumulated ONLY if it was later stored, disposed, treated, or recovered for reuse. COUNTONLY
ONCE any quantity of hazardous waste that entered more than one type of operation. For example, hazardous
waste that was both treated and stored should be COUNTED ONLY ONCE. Similarly, hazardous waste that was
treated more than once should be COUNTED ONLY ONCE.
Quantities of Hazardous
Waste MANAGED ONSITE
Enter waste quantities that need to be reported in tons on row a and waste
quantities that need to be reported in gallons on row b. If none, enter zero.
Quantity generated onsite
and managed onsite
a. i
hi
i
-
Quantity received from
another facility under
the same ownership
and managed onsite
H
i
i
!
Quantity received from
another facility NOT under
the same ownership
and managed onsite
Unit of
measure
.... Tons ....
. . Gallons . .
NOTE: The sum of all the quantities entered in Question 8 is equal to the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste'
managed onsite during 1986.
Preceding page blank
-------
C-4
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
11. Of the hazardous waste GENERATED ONSITE during 1986, what quantity was shipped offslte to be
managed by another facility under the same ownership? What quantity was shipped offsite to be
managed by a facility not under the same ownership?
Quantities of Hazardous Waste
GENERATED ONSITE AND THEN
SHIPPED OFFSITE
Quantity generated onsite and
then shipped offsite to a facility
under the same ownership
a. i
• b. .
i
j
I
I
Enter waste quantities that need to be reported in tons on
row a and waste quantities that need to be reported in gal-
lons on row b. If none, enter zero.
Quantity generated onsite and
then shipped offsite to a facility
NOT under the same ownership
;
i ;
; I I
! ]
Unit of measure
. . . . Tons ....
. . . Gallons . . .
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Appendix C. Survey Questions
05
QUESTIONNAIRE F:
SOLVENT AND LIQUID ORGANIC RECOVERY FOR
REUSE
3. What quantity of hazardous waste was managed onsite in solvent recovery processes during 1986?
Report here the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste that entered one or more of this facility's solvent recovery
processes during 7955. COUNT ONLY ONCE any quantity of hazardous waste that entered more than one
type of process. For example hazardous waste that underwent both filtration and fractionation would be
COUNTED ONLY ONCE.
Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Managed in Solvent Recovery
Processes Onsite
Quantity
' ' i : ;
Enter the quantity and circle
Unit of met
Ton
01
a unit of measure.
usure (Circle one)
Gallon
02
Question
4. What type of solvent recovery process
is this? (Circle one)
Fractionation
Batch still distillation
Solvent extraction
Thin-film evaporation
Filtration
Phase separation
Dessication . .
Other (specify) . . .
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 1
... 01 ...
02 . . , .
. . 03 . . .
. . 04 ...
05
06 . .
... . 07
. ... 08
(specify)
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 2
01 . .
02 ...
03
. . 04
05 . .
06
07
08
(specify)
25. What quantity of HAZARDOUS waste in
each of the following categories entered
this solvent recovery process for
management during 1986? (Enter the
quantities and circle a unit of measure; if
none, enter zero. The sum of b, c, and d
must equal a.)
a. TOTAL quantity managed onsite
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
01
02
01
02
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C-6
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
Question
26. What quantity of NONHAZAROOUS
waste entered this solvent recovery
process for management during 1986?
'Enter the quantity and circle a unit of
measure, if none, enter zero.)
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 1
,
;
01
02
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 2
! i ' '
01
02
27. What quantity of solvents and
chemicals was recovered for reuse
using this process during 1986? (Enter
the quantity and circle a unit of measure: if
none, enter zero.)
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons ...
Gallons
01
02
01
02
30. What quantity of residuals—solid,
liquid, and sludge—was generated by
this solvent recovery process during
1986? What percentage of these
residuals was hazardous? (Include
residuals from air pollution control devices
t'APCDs! as well as other treatment
residuals. Do not include in your answer
the recovered solvent or chemicals. Enter
the quantities in the unit specified and
indicate the percentage. If none, enter
zero.)
a. Solid Residuals
i. Total quantity generated, pounds .
ii, Percentage of solid residuals that
was hazardous
b. Liquid Residuals (including scrubber
water)
i. Total quantity generated, gallons .
ii. Percentage of liquid residuals that
was hazardous
c. Sludge Residuals
i. Total quantity generated, pounds . .
ii. Percentage of sludge residuals that
was hazardous
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Appendix C. Survey Questions C-7
QUESTIONNAIRE GA:
GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION
1. Which of the following BEST DESCRIBES the status of the "hazardous waste generation activities"
onsite at this facility? (Circle one)
Carefully read all options and circle only one Do not base your answer on the quantity o/ hazardous waste
ge::erated onsiie. Call the Survey Helpline (1-800-635-8850) if you are uncertain of the status ol your facility.
01 Hazardous waste is currently generated onsite. CGo fo nexr question)
02 Hazardous waste was generated onsite during 1986, but is no longer generated onsite.
('Go ro nexr question)
03 Hazardous waste was generated onsite prior to 1986, but not during 1986, and will not be generated
onsite in the future. (Skip to Question 156 on page 79)
04 Hazardous waste was generated onsite in the past, but that hazardous waste has since been delisted
and no other hazardous waste is generated onsite at this facility. (Skip to Question 156 on page 79)
05 No hazardous waste has ever been generated onsite at this facility. Notification of hazardous waste
generation activities was submitted as a protective measure. Further evaluation showed that the waste
generated onsite is not hazardous. (Skip to Question 156 on page 79)
2. Did this facility generate, in ANY month during 1986, more than 1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste
(Circie one)
01 Yes (Skip to Question 6)
02 No (Go fo next question)
3. Did this facility accumulate, AT ANY TIME DURING 1986, more'than 1,000 kilograms of hazardous
waste? (Circle one)
Co nor base your answer on when the hazardous waste was generated. For example. » 600 ki/og'a^s c
nazardcus waste were generated in one month and 500 kilograms of hazardous waste were generaiea .n :ne
next month, and this total quantity was onsite at any time, you would answer 'Yes.
01 Yes (Skip to Question 6)
02 No ("Go to next question)
4. Did this facility generate, in ANY month during 1986, more than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste?
(Circle one)
01 Yes (Skip to Question 6)
02 No (Go to next question)
5. Did this facility generate, in ANY month during 1986, more than one kilogram of acutely hazardous
waste? (Circle one)
The following are acutely hazardous wastes: F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, F027, and all of the RCRA "P1
wastes. See Appendix C of the Instructions booklet for a list of RCRA "P" wastes.
01 Yes (Go to next question)
02 No (Skip to Question 156 on page 79. DO NOT SKIP if your facility generated, in any month during 1986.
more than 100 kilograms of hazardous «vas;e)
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C-8
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
6. What is the primary four-digit SIC code for this facility?
8. Who owns this facility? (Circle one)
01 Federal government
02 State government
03 Local government
04 Private owner—sole proprietor, partnership, or corporation
05 Other owner
20. Of the quantity reported in Question 19, estimate the amount that was hazardous wastewater. This
amount should include hazardous wastewater pretreated prior to discharge under a NPOES permit c
prior to discharge to a POTW; hazardous wastewater generated in a production process or waste
treatment process; and hazardous wastewater that is a characteristic waste, even though it may lose
its hazardous waste characteristic through mixing with other wastewater or by treatment.
include m ycur answer the total quantity of wastewater. not just the quantity of hazardous material in the
.va::e.v3:e.'
Quantity of
Wastewater
HAZARDOUS
Generated
Enter the quantity and circle a unit of measure
Quantity
I
' I
I
Unit of measure
Tons
01
if none, enter
(Circle one)
Gallons
... 02 .
zero
NOTE: Report an hazardous wastewater in Questionnaire GB, "Hazardous Waste Characterization "
Report any processes used to treat hazardous wastewater. including pretreatment processes, in
Questionnaire GE 'Wastewater Treatment '
23. What quantity of hazardous waste was shipped offsite during 1986 to be managed by another facility
under the same ownership? What quantity of hazardous waste was shipped offsite during 1986 to be
managed by a facility NOT under the same ownership?
Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Shipped Offsite
Quantity shipped offsite to a facility
under the same ownership
a. I :
I
I
i i
b. i I
1
1
|
1
|
Enter waste quantities that need to be reported in tons in row
a and waste quantities that need to be reported in gallons
in row b. If none, enter zero.
Quantity shipped offsite to a facility
NOT under the same ownership
i
Unit of measure
. . . . Tons
. . . Gallons . . .
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Appendix C. Survey Questions
C-9
27. What quantity of hazardous waste was generated onsite during 1986?
Report here the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste that was generated onsite during 1986. Include in your
answer hazardous waste and hazaraous wastewater treated using exempt processes, /or example, wastewater
meatmen: processes that discharge under a NPDES permit or discharge to a P07VV ana exempt recycling
crocesses.
Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Generated Onsite
Enter waste Quantities that need to be reported in tons in row a
and waste Quantities that need to be reported in gallons :n
row P. The sum of the fwo quantities reported in this question eauai
the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste generated onsite curing
1986.
Quantity
a
h. i : : ' i i ''• ' .
Unit of measure
. . . Tons
. . . . . Gallons
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C-10
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
QUESTIONNAIRE GB:
HAZARDOUS WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
Question
Hazardous Waste
No. 1
Hazardous Waste
No. 2
What RCRA waste code or codes best describe
this hazardous waste?
See Appendix C of the instructions booklet for a list of
PCRA ana other waste cooes, if you generate a waste
that /s considered hazardous oy regulations m your state
and a waste coae is not provided, call the Survey
Helpline (1-800-835-8850).
a. I
b. L
e.
c. [
d.
e.
Use tne list of Waste Description Codes on the inside front
cover of this questionnaire to answer Questions 2 and 3. If a
code requires you to specify, do so in the space provided.
2.
What Waste Description Code best describes this
hazardous waste?
'specify)
isoeciry)
Use tne list of Waste Source Codes on the msice oacK cover
of this Questionnaire to answer Questions 4 ana 5 // a code
requires you to specify, do so in the space proviaed.
4. What Waste Source Code best describes the
process(es) at this facility that generate this
hazardous waste?
(specify
isoeciryi
10. What quantity of this hazardous waste
was generated onsite DURING 1986?
(Enter the quantity and circle a unit of
measure)
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
01
fl?
01
02
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Appendix C. Survey Questions C-11
Question
18. Of the quantity of this hazardous waste
that was generated onsite during 1986,
how much was or will be shipped offsite
for management? (Enter the Quantity and
arcle a unit of measure: if none, enter zero
and skip to the note on page 76 prior to
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
Hazardous Waste
No. 1
01
. . 02 ...
Hazardous Waste
No. 2
I
01
.... . 02 .
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C-12
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
QUESTIONNAIRE GG:
SOLVENT AND LIQUID ORGANIC RECOVERY
FOR REUSE
3. What quantity of hazardous waste was managed onsite in solvent recovery processes during 1986?
Report here the TOTAL quantity of hazardous waste that entered one or more of this facility s solvent recovery
processes during 1986. COUNT ONLY ONCE any Quantity of hazardous waste that entered more than one type
of process. For example, hazardous waste that underwent both filtration ana fractionation vvcu/o be COUNTED
ONLY ONCE.
Quantity of Hazardous Waste
Managed in Solvent Recovery
Processes Onsite
Enter the Quantity and circle a unit of measure.
Quantity
i : ! I i
i
Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons Gallons
01 02
Question
4. What type of solvent recovery process
is this? (Circle one)
Fractionation
Batch still distillation
Solvent extraction
Thin-film evaporation
Filtration . .
Phase separation
Dessication
Other (specify)
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 1
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
. . 08 .
(specify)
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 2
01
02
03
04 .
05
06
07
08
(specify!
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Appendix C. Survey Questions
C-13
Question
21 . What quantity of HAZARDOUS waste
entered this solvent recovery process
for management during 1986? (Enter the
quantity and circle a unit of measure: if none,
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
22. What quantity of NONHAZARDOUS
waste entered this solvent recovery
process for management during 1986?
''Enter the quantity and circle a unit ot
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one}
Tons
Gallons
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 1
i
01
02
! i i ! \
01
02
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 2
.01
02
... 01 . . .
02
23. What quantity of solvents and
chemicals was recovered for reuse
using this process during 1986? (Enter
the quantity and circle a unit of measure: if
a. Quantity
b. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
01
02
01
02
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C-14
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
Question
26. What quantity of residuals— solid,
liquid, and sludge— was generated by
this solvent recovery process during
1986? What percentage of these
residuals was hazardous? (Include
residuals from air pollution control devices
[APCDs] as well as other treatment residuals.
Do not include in your answer the recovered
solvent or chemicals. If this process was not
operational during 1986. estimate the
quantity of residuals that would be
generated if operated at full capacity. Enter
the quantities in the unit specified and
indicate the percentage. If none, enter zero.)
a. Solid Residuals
i. Total quantity generated, pounds . .
ii. Percentage of solid residuals that
was hazardous
b. Liquid Residuals (including scrubber
i. Total quantity generated, gallons . .
ii. Percentage of liquid residuals that
• was hazardous
c. Sludge Residuals
i. Total quantity generated, pounds . .
ii. Percentage of sludge residuals that
was hazardous . .
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 1
i
% ...
1
i %
o/o
Solvent Recovery
Process No. 2
|
O/o
O/o
%
27. Does this facility have plans to make any
changes to this solvent recovery
process before January 1992 that would
increase/decrease its capacity to
manage hazardous waste? (Circle one)
Yes (Go to next question)
No (Circle 02 and skip to Question 29 for
this so/vent recoverv orocess)
01
02 (Skic to Q.291
01
02 (Skio to Q.29)
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Appendix C. Survey Questions
C-15
QUESTIONNAIRE H:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Question
Wastewater Treatment
Process No. 1
Wastewater Treatment
Process No. 2
14. Which onsite tanks and/or surface
impoundments are used with this
wastewater treatment process? (Identify
trie tariKS ana surface impoundments used
witn tnis process Oy listing the identification
numbers mat you entered on tne schematic
of your wastewater treatment process(es)
tnat you orew for Questionnaire A. "General
racit.'ty Information.")
a. Tank number
b. Surface impoundment number
IV. L
: v.
VI.
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C-16
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCRA TSDR Units
QUESTIONNAIRE J:
WASTE PILES
Question
L
27. What quantity of hazardous and
nonhazardous waste entered this waste
pile for TREATMENT during 1986?
(Include in your answer waste that entered
this waste pile for treatment, regardless of
whether it was also stored. Enter the
quantities and circle a unit of measure: if
none, enter zero.)
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Cubic yards
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons ....
Cubic 'vards
Waste Pile
No. 1
i
i
01
02
01
02
Waste Pile
No. 2
01
02
j
01
02
29. What quantity of hazardous and nonhazardous
waste entered this waste pile for STORAGE ONLY
during 1986? (Do not include in your answer waste
that was also treated in this waste pile. Enter the
quantities and circle a unit of measure: if none, enter
zero.)
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Cubic yards ...
b. Nonhazardous waste
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Cubic yards
0
0
n
n
i
?
i
?
01
02
. . . 01
02
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Appendix C. Survey Questions
C-17
QUESTIONNAIRE K:
SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS
Question
31. What quantity of hazardous and nonhazardous
waste entered this surface impoundment for
TREATMENT during 1986? (Include in your answer
waste that entered this surface impoundment for
treatment, regardless of whether it was also stored or
disposed of. Enter the quantities and circle a unit of
measure; if none, enter zero.)
a. Hazardous waste
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
b. Nonhazardous waste
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
Surface Impoundment
No. 1
01
02
01
02
Surface Impoundment
No. 2
01
02
! ! : : :
01
02
46. What quantity of hazardous and nonhazardous
waste entered this surface impoundment for
DISPOSAL but not for treatment during 1986?
(Include in your answer waste that entered this
surface impoundment for disposal including waste
that was stored prior to disposal. DO NOT INCLUDE
any waste that was treated in this surface
impoundment prior to disposal. Enter the quantities
and circle a unit of measure; if none, enter zero.)
i. Quantity . .
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons .
b. Nonhazardous waste
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons
Gallons
|
01
02
01
02 ........
i , , I i
01
02
I j
01
02
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C-18
1986 Hazardous Waste Management in RCPA TSDP Units
Question
49. What quantity of hazardous and nonhazardous
wast* entered this surface impoundment for
STORAGE ONLY during 1986? (DO NOT INCLUDE
in your answer waste that also entered this surface
impoundment for treatment or disposal. Enter the
quantities and circle a unit of measure; if none, enter
zero.)
i. Quantity .
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons . .
Gallons . .
b. Nonhazardous waste
i. Quantity
ii. Unit of measure (Circle one)
Tons .
Gallons
Surface Impoundment
No. 1
I i
. . 01 .
. 02
I i
01
02
Surface Impoundmei
No. 2
i ; i i
01
02
I i i i
I I ! I
01
02
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