^41 i-~,-TC.CN
OSWER 9240.0-44
EPA 540-R-07-06
FINAL July 2007
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
Contract Laboratory Program
Guidance for Field Samplers
Disclaimer: The final version of the document replaces any prior versions of the document in their entirety.
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Foreword
The intent of the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Guidance for Field Samplers is to replace the CLP Samplers Guide.
This guidance document is designed to provide users with general information regarding environmental sample collection
for the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). This document
provides minimum CLP requirements, an explanation of the general sampling process sequence of events, and any related
information. The appendices contain useful reference information and checklists to aid in planning and documenting
sampling activities.
CLP users also are encouraged to review the Introduction to the Contract Laboratory Program document that contains a
general overview of the CLP, how it works, and how to access the program. The CLP requires samplers to use the
functionality provided by the Field Operations Records Management System (FORMS) II Lite software, which is the
preferred means of creating CLP sample documentation. For guidance in using the software to record and submit sampling
data, users should reference the FOPJVIS II Lite User's Guide.
Both the Introduction to the Contract Laboratory Program and the Contract Laboratory Program Guidance for Field
Samplers can be downloaded from the CLP Web site at the following address:
http://vwvw.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/quidance.htm
The FORMS II Lite User's Guide can be downloaded from the CLP Web site at the following address:
http://dvncsdao1.fedcsc.com/itq/forms2lite/doc.html
For more information regarding the CLP or this guide, please contact Elizabeth Holman via email at
Holman.Elizabeth@epa.gov or via telephone at (703) 603-8761.
Key Information
Text in blue and underlined indicates an external
link to information outside of this document.
The images below are located throughout the
document to draw attention to important
information and each are labeled accordingly:
Important
Note
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 About this Guide 1
1.2 Overview of the CLP 1
1.2.1 Key Players Within the CLP 1
1.3 Overview of the Sampling Process 3
1.3.1 Procedures Must be Consistent 3
1.3.2 Analytical Data Must be Accurate and Defensible 3
1.3.3 Sampling Procedures and Guidelines Must Meet Minimum Requirements 4
1.4 Overview of Sampling Documentation Requirements 4
1.4.1 CLP Documentation Requirements 4
2.0 PRE-FIELD ACTIVITIES 7
2.1 Prepare for a Sampling Event 7
2.2 Communicate During a Sampling Event 8
2.3 Review Project Plans Containing Regional Requirements 8
2.4 Plan to Meet Documentation Requirements 9
2.4.1 Request Scheduling of Analysis, SMO-assigned Case Numbers, CLP Sample Numbers,
and Laboratory Contact Information 9
2.4.2 Prepare Sample Cooler Return Documentation 10
2.5 Obtain Municipal Permits, Licenses, and Clearances 11
2.5.1 Request Access to County, State, Tribal, Military, and/or Federal Property 11
2.5.2 Contact Private Property Owners 11
2.5.3 Contact Utility Companies 11
2.6 Identify and Obtain Sampling Materials 12
2.6.1 Procure Appropriate Equipment and Supplies 12
2.6.2 Procure Sample Containers 12
2.6.3 Procure Shipping Supplies 13
2.7 Comply with Transportation and Shipping Requirements 13
2.8 Provide Shipment Notification 14
2.9 Perform Readiness Review/Dry Run 14
3.0 IN-FIELD ACTIVITIES 15
3.1 Collect Samples 15
3.1.1 Determine Types of Samples to be Collected 15
3.1.2 Meet Volume, Preservation, and Holding Time Requirements 17
3.2 Complete Documentation 22
3.2.1 Identify a Sample with a CLP Sample Number and SMO-assigned Case Number 22
3.2.2 Complete TR/COC Records 22
3.2.3 Complete and Attach Custody Seals 28
3.2.4 Complete and Attach Sample Labels 28
3.2.5 Complete and Attach Sample Tags 29
3.3 Provide Sample Receipt 30
3.4 Pack and Ship Samples 31
3.4.1 Sample Containers 31
3.4.2 Inventory of Samples and Documentation 31
3.4.3 Shipping Regulations 31
3.4.4 Sample Packaging for Shipment 31
3.4.5 Shipment Notification 34
Appendix A: Functions within a Sampling Project 1
Appendix B: CLP Sample Collection Guidelines for VOAs in Soil by SW-846 Method 5035A 1
Appendix C: General CLP Sample Collection Guidelines VO As in Water 1
Appendix D: Sampling Techniques and Considerations 1
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Table of Contents (Cont.)
Appendix E: Sampling Checklists 1
Appendix E-l: Personnel Preparation Checklist 1
Appendix E-2: General Sample Collection Checklist 2
Appendix E-3: Completing Field Logbook Checklist 3
Appendix E-4: Completing Handwritten Sample Labels Checklist 4
Appendix E-5: Completing Handwritten Sample Tags & Custody Seals Checklists 5
Appendix E-6: Packing Sample Container Checklist 6
Appendix E-7: Packing Shipping Container Checklist 7
Appendix E-8: Shipping & Reporting CLP Samples Checklist 8
Appendix F: Glossary 1
List of Figures
Figure 3-1. Packaged Sample with Identification and Chain-of-Custody Documentation (Excluding TR/COC
Record) 22
Figure 3-2. Organic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Laboratory Copy) 24
Figure 3-3. Inorganic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Laboratory Copy) 25
Figure 3-4. Organic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Region Copy) 26
Figure 3-5. Inorganic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Region Copy) 27
Figure 3-6. Custody Seal 28
Figure 3-7. Completed Sample Tag 30
Figure 3-8. Sample Receipt Created Using the FORMS II Lite Software 30
Figure 3 -9. Sample Cooler with Attached TR/COC Record and Cooler Return Documentation 33
Figure 3-10. Sample Weight Log 33
Figure 3-11. Shipping Cooler with Custody Seals 34
List of Tables
Table 1-1. Participants in the CLP Sampling Process 2
Table 2-1. CLP Sample Number Letter Codes 10
Table 2-2. Container Type Specifications 13
Table 3-1. QC Sample Types and CLP Submission Requirements 16
Table 3-2. Sample Collection Requirements for CLP SOW SOM01 (VOAs) 19
Table 3 -3. Sample Collection Requirements for CLP SOW SOMO1 (SVGAs, Pesticides and Aroclors) 20
Table 3-4. Sample Collection Requirements for CLP SOW ILM05 21
Table 3-5. Completing and Attaching a Custody Seal 28
Table 3-6. Completing and Attaching a Handwritten Sample Tag 29
Table 3-7. Packing Samples for Shipment 32
Table D-l. Mixing a Sample and Filling Sample Containers D-2
IV
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List of Acronyms
ASB
CERCLA
CLP
CLPPO
CRQL
CVAA
DOT
DQO
dbf
ET
FORMS II Lite
FSP
HCN
IATA
ICP-AES
ICP-MS
MS
MSB
NAHSO4
NPL
OSC
OSHA
OSRTI
OSWER
PCBs
PE
PM
ppb
ppt
PRP
PT
PTFE
PVC
QA
QAPP
QASPER
QATS
QC
RAS
RPM
RSCC
RSM
SAM
SAP
SARA
SBG
SMC
SMO
SOP
SOW
SVGA
TR/COC
txt
UN
USEPA
VGA
XML
Analytical Services Branch
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Contract Laboratory Program
CLP Project Officer
Contract Required Quantitation Limit
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption
Department of Transportation
Data Quality Objective
Database File
Eastern Time
Field Operations Records Management System II Lite
Field Sampling Plan
Hydrocyanic acid
International Air Transport Association
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
Matrix Spike
Matrix Spike Duplicate
Sodium Bisulfate
National Priorities List
On-scene/on-site Coordinator
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Fob/chlorinated Biphenyls
Performance Evaluation
Program Manager
Parts-Per-Billion
Parts-Per-Trillion
Potentially Responsible Party
Proficiency Testing
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Polyvinyl Chloride
Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Quality Assurance Sampling Plan for Environmental Response
Quality Assurance Technical Support
Quality Control
Routine Analytical Services
Remedial Project Manager
Regional Sample Control Center Coordinator
Regional Site Manager
Site Assessment Manager
Sampling Analysis Plan
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Sample Delivery Group
System Monitoring Compound
Sample Management Office
Standard Operating Procedure
Statement of Work
Semivolatile Organic Analyte
Traffic Report/Chain of Custody
Text File
United Nations
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Volatile Organic Analyte
extensible Markup Language
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VI
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to this Guide
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About this Guide
This document describes the important organizational roles and responsibilities for those who plan and conduct
environmental sample collection projects for analysis through the Superfund's Contract Laboratory Program
(CLP). This chapter introduces the structure and purpose of this document. Chapter 2, Pre-field Activities,
addresses pre-field planning activities that the sampling team could complete prior to the actual sampling event.
Chapter 3, In-field Activities, addresses those activities that need to be completed during the sampling event.
Appendix A describes the functions within a sampling project which are taken from the Quality Assurance Project
Plan requirements. Appendix B and Appendix C contain the sample collection guidelines for Volatile Organic
Analytes (VOAs) in soil and in water. Appendix D recommends sampling techniques. Appendix E contains
checklists to help the sampler ensure that all necessary steps are completed.
,. A project and site-specific Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) providing Regional guidance will
override guidance given within this document.
1.2 Overview of the CLP
The CLP is a national program of commercial laboratories under contract to support the USEPA's nationwide
effort to clean up designated hazardous waste sites by supporting its Superfund program. The Superfund program
was originally established under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980 and presently exists under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of
1986.
The CLP uses state-of-the-art technology to provide users with analytical services. The program provides data of
known and documented quality to support USEPA enforcement activities or other user needs. To achieve this
goal, the CLP has established strict Quality Control (QC) procedures and detailed documentation requirements.
Current CLP users include the USEPA Regions, States and Tribal governments, and other Federal agencies. CLP
users also are encouraged to review the Introduction to the Contract Laboratory Program document that contains
a general overview of the CLP, how it works, and how to access the program.
1.2.1 Key Players Within the CLP
In coordinating Superfund sampling efforts, the Analytical Services Branch (ASB) is supported by the
Sample Management Office (SMO) contractor, the Regional CLP Project Officers (CLP POs), the
Regional Sample Control Center Coordinators (RSCCs), and the Regional Site Managers (RSMs),
including Site Assessment Managers (SAMs), On-scene/On-site Coordinators (OSCs), and Remedial
Project Managers (RPMs). Samplers may work directly with the RSCC and/or RSM (or equivalent),
and/or an OSC from the Field Support Section during a sampling event. See Table 1-1 for a brief
description of the functions performed by key participants (functions may vary by Region).
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to this Guide
Table 1-1. Participants in the CLP Sampling Process
Participants
Responsibilities
Analytical Services Branch
USEPA ASB directs the CLP from within the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology
Innovation (OSRTI) in the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). ASB
responsibilities include:
Development of the Statements of Work (SOWs) that define required analytical methods
(including QC, detection/quantitation limits, and holding times) for the analytical services
procured under the CLP;
Development and implementation of policies and budgets for Superfund analytical
operations;
Development of information management policies and products for analytical data;
Management of SMO and Quality Assurance Technical Support (QATS) contracts;
National administration, evaluation, and management of the CLP; and
Direction of CLP Quality Assurance (QA) activities in coordination with overall OSWER
QA activities.
To obtain the most current ASB contact list, refer to the following Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/contacts.htmtfASB
CLP Sample Management Office
The contractor-operated SMO provides necessary management, operations, and administrative
support to the CLP. SMO receives Regional analytical requests, coordinates and schedules
sample analyses, and tracks sample shipments. SMO also receives and checks data for
completeness and compliance, processes laboratory invoices, and maintains a repository of
sampling records and program data.
CLP Contract Laboratories
The contractor-operated laboratories within CLP provide necessary analytical services for the
isolation, detection, and quantitation of the CLP's target compounds and analytes.
Regional CLP Project Officer
The CLP PO monitors the technical performance of the contract laboratories in each Region. The
CLP PO works closely with ASB Program Managers (PMs) to identify and resolve laboratory
technical issues, and leads laboratory on-site evaluations. To obtain the most current CLP PO
contact list, refer to the following Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/polist.htm
Regional Sample Control Center
Coordinator
In most Regions, the RSCC coordinates sampling efforts and serves as the central point-of-contact
for sampling questions and problems. The RSCC works with SMO to schedule sample shipments
to laboratories. In addition, the RSCC's activities may include: informing SMO of sample
shipment, cancellations, special instructions, and sampling issues. To obtain the most current
RSCC contact list, refer to the following Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/rscclist.htm
Regional Site Manager
The RSM Coordinates the development of acceptance or performance criteria and oversees
project-specific contractors, state officials, or private parties conducting site sampling efforts.
The RSM could be the SAM, the OSC, or the Remedial Project Manager (RPM).
Field Support Section
The Field Support Section consists of personnel such as the OSC, SAM, and RPM. In most
Regions, the Field Support Section develops Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for field
sampling and related procedures, and assists sampling teams in following those SOPs. The
sampling team determines what type(s) of CLP services will be required for a particular sampling
event. The Field Support Section reviews Sampling Analysis Plans (SAPs) prepared by sampling
teams and oversees sampling teams in the field. The Field Support Section may also prepare their
own SAPs, perform sampling activities in the field, and analyze and report the results of their
sampling events to the RSM.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to this Guide
1.3 Overview of the Sampling Process
Once USEPA has determined that physical, chemical, and/or
biological testing of a site is necessary, samples of material from the
site area must be collected. The type of material that must be a"Glanc^, ,.
, , , , . , , , , , , , , Overview of the Sampling Process
collected and the analytical method to be used depends upon the
physical location of the site, detection level(s), site history (previous ^ Procedures must be consistent.
sampling), and known or unknown conditions and contaminants. S Analytical data must be accurate and
The sampling process includes carefully planned and consistently defensible.
applied procedures that produce accurate and legally defensible data. S Procedures must meet minimum
The sampling team should consider the procedures and plans requirements.
presented in this guide as minimum sampling process guidelines to ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~
maintain sample integrity and identity. Samples should be collected according to the approved project and site-
specific QAPP and SAP. This document does not define specific sampling procedures because specific sampling
protocols depend on individual site conditions, Regional requirements, and acceptance and performance criteria.
Since Regions may have their own specific requirements for individual sampling programs, they are responsible
for generating Region-specific sampling SOPs.
1.3.1 Procedures Must be Consistent
The purpose of sampling is to collect representative portions from a suspected contaminated site. Sample
collection is critical to determining the presence, type, concentration, and extent of environmental
contamination by hazardous substances, thus it is a crucial part of every sampling and environmental
testing effort. Sampling procedures must be consistently written and followed to mitigate risk of error
and the expense of re-sampling.
Failure to follow proper sampling and shipping procedures could result in samples that are contaminated,
broken, mislabeled, lost during shipping, or unusable because of a missed holding time. If procedures are
inconsistently or improperly followed, any resultant analytical data may be inaccurate and may not be
defensible in a court of law.
If re-sampling is needed due to improper sampling, the sampling team may incur the cost.
1.3.2 Analytical Data Must be Accurate and Defensible
The data gathered during sampling activities helps to accurately characterize contaminated waste sites so
that the impact on human health and the environment can be properly evaluated. Acquiring accurate and
defensible data that will be accepted in a court of law is the CLP's primary objective; therefore, the
sampler must collect samples according to strict sampling procedures, plans, and guidelines. USEPA and
many other Federal agencies use data resulting from analytical testing of soil/sediment/aqueous samples
to:
Determine if a site is contaminated with organic and/or inorganic compounds;
Identify pollution sources and Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs);
Validate remedial design methodologies;
Assess response and remedial priorities;
Assess risk to human health and the environment;
Determine appropriate cleanup actions; and
Determine cleanup achievements.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to this Guide
1.3.3 Sampling Procedures and Guidelines Must Meet Minimum Requirements
It is imperative that samplers be aware of the minimum CLP and Regional requirements that directly
impact and define how a sampling event will take place. It is important to note that the procedures and
guidelines set forth in this document are considered minimum CLP requirements. Samplers should
reference the following sections within this document that specifically address important requirements
that must be met for a successful sampling event:
Section 1.4.1 CLP Documentation Requirements;
Section 2.4.1 Request Scheduling of Analysis, SMO-assigned Case Numbers, CLP Sample Numbers,
and Laboratory Contact Information;
Section 2.7 Comply with Transportation and Shipping Requirements;
Section 2.8 Provide Shipment Notification;
Section 3.1 Collect Samples; and
Section 3.2 Complete Documentation.
1.4 Overview of Sampling Documentation Requirements
The sampler must properly document samples collected for
analysis in order to uniquely identify each sample and ensure
adequate chain-of-custody procedures. When collecting
samples, the sampler should always keep in mind that any
samples collected may be used in future litigation. This is
especially important when samples are from privately owned
property. If sampling on privately owned property, samplers
should also provide the property owner with a receipt for
samples collected and removed from that owner's property.
Samplers may also be required by a Region to use a sample
label, sample tag, or field operations records documenting
information such as daily activities, equipment and materials
used, personnel involved, site security, etc. These types of
documentation help ensure proper sample identification and
provide additional chain-of-custody records.
The documentation required by a Region for a sampling event is
outlined in project plans such as the QAPP, SAP, and Field
Sampling Plan (FSP).
At-a-Glance:
Overview of the Sampling Document
Requirements
v' Must use FORMS II Lite to create sample
documentation. Analytical data must be
accurate and defensible.
v' CLP documentation requirements:
- CLP Sample Number
- SMO-assigned Case Number
- Traffic Report/Chain of Custody
(TR/COC) Record
- Sample Labels
- Sample Tags
- Custody Seals
- Field Operation Records
Under no circumstances should the site name appear on any documentation that is sent to the laboratory
(for the CLP).
1.4.1 CLP Documentation Requirements
Samplers must:
1) Record the CLP Sample Number on each sample bottle;
2) Complete the Traffic Report/Chain of Custody (TR/COC) Record using the FORMS II Lite software,
making sure to indicate on the TR/COC Record if the samples require the use of a Modified
Analysis;
3) Complete and attach sample labels;
4) Complete and attach sample tags to meet Regional requirements;
5) Complete and attach custody seals to meet Regional requirements; and
6) Complete field operations records, as necessary.
Please contact your RSCC (see Table 1-1) for information regarding CLP Sample Numbers, SMO-
assigned Case Numbers, TR/COC Records, and chain-of-custody seals for sampling events.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to this Guide
For information regarding using FORMS II Lite to create and complete a TR/COC Record, refer to the
following Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/f2lite.htm
1.4.1.1 CLP Sample Number
A CLP Sample Number is unique per sampling location and is used to identify and track
samples throughout the sampling and analytical processes and is recorded on many types of
sampling documentation (e.g., TR/COC Records, sample labels, and sample tags). CLP
Sample Numbers are provided to samplers by their RSCC or SMO.
Samplers must contact their RSCC (or their designee) to obtain CLP Sample Numbers for
their sampling event. Samplers must correctly assign the CLP Sample Numbers to the
appropriate sample bottle or container. Please refer to Section 3.2.1 for more detailed
information regarding the use of CLP Sample Numbers.
If the sampler has any questions regarding the assignment of CLP Sample Numbers,
they should contact their RSCC.
1.4.1.2 SMO-assigned Case Number
SMO-assigned Case Numbers are used to track groups of samples throughout the sampling
and analytical processes and are recorded on many types of sampling documentation (e.g.,
TR/COC Records, sample labels, and sample tags). Samplers must correctly assign the SMO-
assigned Case Number to the appropriate sample bottle or container. To obtain a SMO-
assigned Case Number, samplers must contact their RSCC (or their designee).
1.4.1.3 Laboratory Assignment
Samplers are responsible for shipping samples to the appropriate SMO-assigned laboratory for
analysis. Samplers must contact their RSCC (or their designee) to obtain their laboratory
assignment or they may be provided by SMO.
1.4.1.4 TR/COC Record
The TR/COC Record is used as physical evidence of sample custody and functions as a
permanent record of each sample collected.
Per CLP documentation requirements, each cooler must contain a TR/COC Record that lists
all the samples contained therein.
In an effort to automate sample documentation in the field, ASB has developed a stand-alone,
Windows-based software application that samplers can use to automatically create and
generate sample documentation. The FORMS II Lite software allows users to enter
information prior to and during sampling events. It allows users to multi-task and
electronically create, edit, and print documentation associated with sampling activities. Users
can customize data entry screens throughout the entire documentation process. Users can also
customize the format and content of sample labels based on specific requirements.
The program simplifies and accelerates the tedious manual sample documentation process by
reducing the generation of handwritten documents by almost 70%. The FORMS II Lite
software enables samplers to:
Increment CLP Sample Numbers or manually assign their own unique, project-specific
non-CLP Sample Numbers;
Input the SMO-assigned Case Number into the appropriate field;
Create sample labels, sample tags, TR/COC Records, Sample Weight forms, and receipts
for samples taken from a site;
Track samples from the field to the laboratory;
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to this Guide
Electronically capture sample information into databases; and
Export electronic data as a database File (.dbf), Text (.txt), or extensible Markup
Language (.xml) file.
USEPA requires samplers to use the FORMS II Lite software for all CLP sampling efforts.
For assistance with obtaining or using the FORMS II Lite software, please contact the
FORMS II Lite Help Desk at 703-818-4200 from 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Eastern Time (ET). For
additional information regarding FORMS II Lite use and training, please refer to the following
Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/f2lite.htm
1.4.1.5 Chain-of-Custody Seals
A chain-of-custody seal is any adhesive label or tape that can be used to seal a sample bottle,
container, plastic bag, or shipping cooler such that if it is opened or tampered with, the seal
will be broken. Custody seals must be placed on each sample bottle, container, or bag (as
appropriate) and each shipping cooler or container. The custody seal is an excellent means of
maintaining a record of chain-of-custody, as well as guarding against possible sample
contamination or tampering during shipping.
1.4.1.6 Sample Labels
A sample label is a sticker attached to a sample bottle or container that contains a sample.
Sample labels are affixed to each sample container as samples are collected in the field or
affixed prior to going in the field. A sample label must contain, at a minimum, a CLP Sample
Number so that they can be associated with, and listed on, the associated TR/COC Record.
The sample label may also include the required analysis/fraction and preservative used (to
eliminate confusion at the laboratory). Samplers should refer to their project plans for Region-
specific sample label requirements.
1.4.1.7 Sample Tags
A sample tag identifies a sample bottle or container that contains a sample. The tag also
provides specific analytical direction and proof that a sample existed. To support the use of
sample data in potential enforcement actions, samples with other than in situ measurements
(e.g., pH, temperature, conductivity) can be identified with a sample tag. A CLP Sample
Number and SMO-assigned Case Number must be recorded on a sample tag to indicate that
the sample container comprises the whole sample in the case where there is just one container
of sample, or part of the indicated sample in the case of multiple containers of sample.
Samplers should refer to their project plans for Region-specific sample tag requirements.
1.4.1.8 Field Operation Records
Samplers should maintain complete, accurate, and legible field operations records as they
perform a sampling activity. The following records are included: Field Logbooks; Corrective
Action Reports; Sampling Trip Reports; supplemental standardized forms; logs; and records
such as maps or photographs that document each step of the work performed in the field.
Samplers should refer to their project plans for Region-specific field operations record
requirements. These records are very important tools because they are considered part of the
official project file when legal issues arise.
1.4.1.9 Weight Logs
A sample weight log identifies the tared, sample and final weights per bottle for VOA
samples. In order to support Method 5035 for VOAs, samplers should enter tared and final
weights per bottle in the CLP Sample Weight Log.
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
At-a-Glance:
Pre-field Activities
v' Prepare for and communicate during a
sampling event.
v' Review project plans containing Regional
requirements.
v' Plan to meet documentation requirements.
v' Obtain any necessary permits, licenses,
and clearances.
v' Identify and obtain sampling materials.
v^ Comply with transportation and shipping
requirements.
S Provide shipment notification.
S Perform Readiness Review/Run-through.
2.0 PRE-FIELD ACTIVITIES
This chapter provides instructions for completing the suggested pre-
field activities that samplers could complete prior to performing
sampling activities. These important pre-field activities will save
time and help the sampler to better prepare for the sampling event.
Samplers should be aware of issues routinely arise during the
sampling process so that samplers can avoid making the same
mistakes or having the same problems that could adversely affect
their sampling event. Samplers are also expected to review all
pertinent project plans and meet both CLP and Regional
requirements that directly impact the structure and purpose of a
sampling event.
The project plans provide information such as the types and numbers
of samples to be collected, the analytical methods to be used based
on the desired level of quantitation, and the necessary equipment and
supplies. The plans also describe the sampling method which may
require different specific sample volumes/masses, containers, ^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^~
preservation, shipping, and handling to maintain the integrity of the samples without degradation or contamination.
In addition to reviewing project plans, samplers should determine if the sampling site is privately or publicly
owned and obtain the necessary permission to access the sampling site. If the site is privately owned, samplers
should make sure to have receipts for available samples to provide to the owner for all samples collected and
removed from their property. Samplers must also prepare to identify and obtain sampling materials, prepare to
meet documentation requirements by obtaining and learning to use the required software, comply with
transportation and shipping requirements, and perform a readiness review/dry run of the sampling process.
2.1 Prepare for a Sampling Event
Samplers must prepare to meet CLP and Regional requirements for a sampling event, appropriately use the CLP
Sample Number and SMO-assigned Case Number, complete the TR/COC Record using the FORMS II Lite
software, and complete and attach the custody seal(s). It is very important that the sampler include the correct
CLP Sample Number on each sample. It is also imperative that the TR/COC Record be accurately completed and
submitted with the sample(s). Finally, the sampler must accurately and legibly complete and attach a custody seal
to each sample container, or plastic sample bag (as appropriate), and each shipping cooler or container.
However, meeting the sampling requirements requires more than just the proper application of a CLP Sample
Number on each sample, completion of the TR/COC Record, and use of a custody seal. The actual collection of
samples, packaging, and shipping of those samples are equally important to a successful sampling event.
For example, if a sampler collects an insufficient volume of a sample, the laboratory may not be able to perform
the requested analysis. Insufficient sample volumes may also result in a laboratory being unable to perform
laboratory quality control, such as Matrix Spike (MS), Matrix Spike Duplicate (MSD), and Duplicate sample
analysis. Additionally, if the laboratory receives a sample that is either unpreserved or the sample pH is outside of
the required range, the sample cannot be properly analyzed.
Unfortunately, improper shipping and labeling processes and procedures often result in:
Samples being shipped to the wrong laboratory;
Broken or empty samples being received at the laboratory; and
Custody seals or sealant tape that is missing or broken on sample bottles, containers, plastic bags, or shipping
coolers shipped to the laboratories.
The importance of completing the paperwork associated with a sampling event cannot be overemphasized.
Samplers must make a conscientious effort to accurately complete the TR/COC Record since this is the main
document used to derive vital information about a particular sample. The person completing a TR/COC Record
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
must be careful to avoid errors such as the appropriate sample(s) not being listed, or the wrong samples being
listed. In an effort to eliminate such errors and the confusion that can be associated with handwritten TR/COC
Records, samplers must use the FORMS II Lite software to complete the TR/COC Record and other associated
sampling documentation.
It is extremely important that QC samples, including field sample duplicates, field samples for Matrix Spike and
Matrix Spike Duplicate analyses, and Proficiency Testing (PT) samples, also known as Performance Evaluation
(PE) samples, be designated and labeled per Regional guidance by samplers in the field. Mislabeling of QC
samples can result in improper and/or inaccurate analysis of a sample at the laboratory.
2.2 Communicate During a Sampling Event
Communication is a key element in planning, administrating, and conducting a sampling event. It is extremely
important that all parties involved in a sampling event be in contact throughout the sampling process. The
procedures and recommendations outlined in this guide are based on more than 20 years of experience. It has been
demonstrated that approximately 50% of all sampling efforts have been negatively affected by incorrect sampling
procedures and poor communication among participants.
The key elements of communication for a sampling event include the relationship between the RSCC, SMO, the
samplers in the field, and the laboratories who will be accepting the samples. For instance, the samplers must
contact the RSCC to start the process for setting up a sampling event. The RSCC will in turn contact SMO who
will schedule the sampling event, establish laboratory availability, and arrange for the laboratory to accept
projected samples. SMO will then communicate the laboratory assignment to the Region and possibly the
sampler.
The sampler should contact the RSCC (per Regional guidelines) and allow enough time for the RSCC to
contact SMO at least a week prior to the sampling event.
SMO provides SMO-assigned Case and CLP Sample Numbers in time for the sampling event. SMO also
schedules a laboratory and makes sure the laboratory will not have any capacity problems. Communication is also
important because if there is a change in the sampling event due to a cancellation or an increase or decrease in the
number of samples that will be sent to the laboratory, the sampler can contact the RSCC who can work with SMO
to remedy potential capacity, availability, or overbooking problems.
2.3 Review Project Plans Containing Regional Requirements
In addition to meeting CLP requirements, the sample collection process must fulfill numerous Regional
requirements. These requirements are determined by a variety of factors that affect how samples should be
collected for an individual sampling event. These factors include:
The type of samples being collected (organic/inorganic, water, soil/sediment, etc.);
The method by which the samples will be analyzed;
The acceptance or performance criteria (i.e., Data Quality Objectives [DQOs]); and
The type of data needed.
The QAPP for each sampling project is written to meet requirements outlined in the documents EPA Requirements
for Quality Assurance Project Plans (QA/R-5), EPA Guidance on Quality Assurance Project Plans (G-5), and
Regional QAPP preparation documents. The QAPP is prepared in advance of field activities and is used by
samplers to develop any subsequent plans such as the Sampling SAP or the FSP. Samplers should review the
QAPP and any subsequent project plans for information outlining the basic components of a sampling activity.
QAPP and project plans should be finalized and approved by appropriate Regional QA personnel, the OSC, SAM,
or the RPM before providing them to the sampling team. This should be done prior to the start of field activities.
Appendix A explains the functions within a sampling project (as these functions relate to a sampling event) and
the elements of that function as described in a typical QAPP. Copies of all project plans and relevant SOPs should
be maintained in the field for the duration of the sampling project.
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
2.4 Plan to Meet Documentation Requirements
Sampling events require a variety of accurate and complete ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
documentation. Samplers should review their project plans At-a-Glance-
to determine the types of documentation that must be Plan to meet documentation requirements.
completed for a sampling project and to ensure that the
appropriate documentation will be on-hand in the field. The ^
CLP documentation requirements include the CLP Sample
Number, the SMO-assigned Case Number, the TR/COC ^ Prepare sample cooler return documentation.
Record, sample labels, sample tags, custody seals, and field ^ Prepare to use the FORMS II Lite software.
operations records (as necessary). Samplers need to request ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^_
SMO-assigned Case and CLP Sample Numbers for each
sampling event prior to starting field activities. Samplers also need to make sure that the correct TR/COC Records
(Organic TR/COC Record for organic analysis or Inorganic TR/COC Record for inorganic analysis) are being
used within the FORMS II Lite software. Finally, samplers should be prepared to complete the appropriate
shipping cooler return documentation.
Since samplers are required to use the FORMS II Lite software to prepare and submit sampling project
documentation and maintain sample chain-of-custody, software users must be familiar with all emergency back up
procedures that should be followed in the event of a system failure. Samplers must have access to FORMS II Lite-
generated TR/COC Records at sampling events. If problems are experienced while using the FORMS II Lite
software, please contact the FORMS II Lite Help Desk at 703-818-4200 from 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM ET.
In the event of a system crash, samplers must have backup hardcopies of FORMS II Lite TR/COC Records. For
information regarding emergency backup procedures, please refer to the following Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/trcoc.htm
2.4.1 Request Scheduling of Analysis, SMO-assigned Case Numbers, CLP
Sample Numbers, and Laboratory Contact Information
SMO-assigned Case Numbers are assigned based on a request for CLP Routine Analytical Services
(RAS), which is processed though the RSCC (or his/her designee). The sampler must request the RSCC
to schedule CLP RAS analysis. The CLP does have the capacity to schedule sampling on an emergency
basis, however the sampler must contact the RSCC (or his/her designee) to obtain details regarding how
to handle such a situation. When scheduling a sampling event that will last for more than one week, it is
recommended that the sampler contact the RSCC (or his/her designee) on a weekly basis to provide
updates. This contact between the sampler, the RSCC (or his/her designee), and SMO is very important
because it will ensure better availability of laboratory capacity.
In addition to SMO-assigned Case and CLP Sample Numbers, samplers should make sure to have
accurate laboratory contact information, such as:
Laboratory name;
Laboratory address;
Contact name; and
Laboratory phone number.
This information is used for both TR/COC Records and chain-of-custody documentation and shipping
paperwork such as address labels and airbills.
The SMO-assigned Case Number is used to track groups of samples throughout the sampling and
analytical processes. Samplers must correctly indicate the assigned Case Number on the appropriate
sample bottle or container.
The RSCC (or his/her designee) provides the CLP Case Numbers and Sample Numbers for
each sampling event to samplers. Once the CLP Sample Numbers have been provided to the
sampler, the sampler can use FORMS II Lite to print them onto sample labels.
The following characters are not to be used in generating CLP Sample Numbers and should never appear
on any paperwork submitted to the laboratory: I, O, U, and V.
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
A CLP Sample Number is defined as a number that is unique per sampling location and identifies each
CLP sample (see Section 1.4.1.1). Since samples must be identified per analytical program (either
organic or inorganic), there are two types of TR/COC Records and two letter codes to denote organic vs.
inorganic analysis.
A CLP sample is defined as one discrete portion of material to be analyzed that is contained at one
concentration level, from one station location for each individual or set of analytical fractions ~ provided
the fractions are all requested for the same CLP analytical service (i.e., organic or inorganic), and
identified by a unique Sample Number.
When samples are collected from several station locations to form a composite sample, the
composite sample should be assigned either a number from one of the station locations used
during collection, or a unique number that represents the composite sample for tracking
purposes. The numbering scheme used internally at a sampling event for identifying
composite samples should also be documented appropriately (e.g., in the field logs).
Organic CLP Sample Numbers begin with the Regional letter code, followed by four letters and/or
numbers. Inorganic CLP Sample Numbers begin with "M", followed by the Regional letter code and
then four letters and/or numbers. See Table 2-1 for Region and letter codes for each sample type (i.e.,
organic or inorganic).
Table 2-1. CLP Sample Number Letter Codes
Region
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Letter Code
Organic
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Y
J
Inorganic
MA
MB
MC
MD
ME
MF
MG
MH
MY
MJ
According to CLP guidelines, each individual inorganic water sample may be analyzed for total metals or
dissolved metals, but not both. Therefore, water samples collected for total metal and dissolved metal
analyses from the same sampling location must be assigned separate (unique) CLP Sample Numbers. A
sampler can use the same CLP Sample Number for an inorganic soil or water sample collected for total
metals, mercury and cyanide analyses.
Organic soil and water samples may be collected for analysis under the SOM01 SOW to detect:
Aroclors;
Semivolatile Organic Analytes (SVGAs);
Pesticides;
Volatile Organic Analytes (VOAs); and/or
Trace Volatile Analytes
Inorganic soil and water samples may be collected for analysis for cyanide, and for metals using
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Cold Vapor Atomic
Absorption (CVAA), under the ILM05.X SOW.
Inorganic water only samples may be collected for analysis for cyanide, and for metals using
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and CVAA, under the ILM05 SOW.
2.4.2 Prepare Sample Cooler Return Documentation
CLP laboratories must routinely return sample shipping coolers to the appropriate sampling office within
14 calendar days following receipt of shipment from the sampler. For sample coolers to be returned, the
10
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
sampler must complete the appropriate cooler documentation and work with Regions and government
agencies to provide a cost-effective mechanism for laboratories to return the empty coolers to the
appropriate sampling office. The sampling cooler return documentation can be prepared in advance and
provided to samplers before field activities begin. The sampler (not the CLP laboratory) is
responsible for paying for return of the cooler and should also include shipping airbills bearing the
sampler's account number, as well as a return address to allow for cooler return.
To maintain consistency among cooler transportation programs, samplers should:
Minimize the use of multiple transportation carriers to avoid confusion;
Use multiple-copy labels so the laboratory and the sampling team can each retain a copy for their
records;
Prepare labels in advance so that the laboratory can simply affix a completed shipping label on the
cooler;
Include third-party billing information (i.e., their shipping account number) on labels so the
laboratory will not be billed by the transportation carrier;
Confirm that the laboratory knows which transportation carrier to use; and
Include the SMO-assigned Case Number on return information.
2.5 Obtain Municipal Permits, Licenses,
and Clearances At"
Obtain permits, licenses, and clearances.
Before starting a sampling event, samplers must make sure to ^ Request access to County, State, Tribal,
obtain the proper municipal permits, accesses to the property, military, and/or Federal property.
and any government clearances, if required. The sampler must ^ Contact private property owner(s).
also contact any appropriate utility companies to ascertain where / Contact utility companies.
any underground pipes, cables, etc., may be located. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2.5.1 Request Access to County, State, Tribal, Military, and/or Federal Property
Proper access to perform sampling activities is important not only for legal reasons, but also to eliminate
delays in work and possible refusal to allow sampling to take place. It is crucial that the appropriate
permits, licenses, and clearances be secured to obtain access for sampling activities that will be performed
on County, State, Tribal, military, and/or Federal property. The sampler must contact the appropriate
government offices or personnel well in advance to determine what kinds of approval are required. Pre-
approval may be required for specific types of sample collection such as drilling or excavation. For
example, drilling on a military base requires pre-approval. Base security may require clearances for all
members of the sampling team, including subcontractors. This process may take two or more days.
If arrangements are not made in advance, the team may not be allowed to enter the site until their
clearances are processed and the team has been approved to drill. As a result, the sampling schedule is
delayed, costing extra time and money.
2.5.2 Contact Private Property Owners
The sampler must obtain written permission from the private property owner(s) before sampling on their
property, even if verbal permission has been granted. It is recommended that samplers obtain verbal
permission prior to their arrival at the sampling location, but written permission can be obtained on the
day of sampling. If a property owner refuses to grant access to their property, it may be necessary for
sampling participants to contact the appropriate authorities for assistance.
2.5.3 Contact Utility Companies
The sampler should contact local utility companies (e.g., power, phone, gas, cable, sanitation, etc.) at
least one week prior to the sampling event to have underground cables, lines, and pipes flagged and
marked. This is required by law. A national one-call directory can be found at:
http://www.diqsafely.com/contacts.htm.
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
This will eliminate potential safety hazards and service disruption. For example, soil sampling in a
residential area may require digging below the soil's surface. It is very important to know where utility
lines and pipes are located so that samplers do not hit live electrical wires or rupture gas lines. Samplers
should follow Regional or other appropriate program procedures for the procurement of such services.
The utility service(s) disruption dates should be confirmed at least two days prior to sampling activities.
Pre-payment of survey fees to local utility companies may be required.
2.6 Identify and Obtain Sampling Materials At_a_Glance.
Identify and obtain sampling materials.
Samplers must make sure to be prepared for a sampling project
with the appropriate sampling materials (equipment, supplies, ' Procure appropriate equipment and
sample containers, packing materials, and shipping materials). The Supp 16S'
equipment and supplies must be properly cleaned, calibrated, and ^ Procure samPle contamers-
tested as necessary to meet the needs of the sampling project. ^ Procure shipping supplies.
2.6.1 Procure Appropriate Equipment and Supplies
Each sampling event requires the procurement of equipment and materials to collect, document, identify,
pack, and ship samples. The proper field sampling equipment is vital to a successful sample collection.
Regional or other samplers should obtain, and arrange in advance, all of the equipment and supplies
required for each sampling event. Samplers should review the project plans to verify that the proper
equipment is being used for sample collection.
At a minimum, the following materials are generally required during a sampling event:
Sample storage containers;
Packing material;
Sample containers;
Shipping containers;
Access to the FORMS II Lite software for creating sample labels, stickers, tags, and TR/COC
Records;
Custody seals; and
Sampling equipment such as bowls, augers, pumps, etc.
Sampling events may also require specific items such as:
Cooler temperature blanks;
Trip blanks for VOA analysis;
Preservation supplies (e.g., ice or acid); and
Specially prepared sample vials (e.g., for SW-846 Method 5035A).
2.6.2 Procure Sample Containers
The analytical protocol(s) to be used for sample analysis often requires the use of a particular type of
sample container. The type of container also may depend on the sample matrix and analysis. It is
recommended that samplers use borosilicate glass containers, which are inert to most materials, when
sampling for pesticides and/or other organics. Conventional polyethylene is recommended when
sampling for metals because of the lower cost and absorption rate of metal ions.
Using the wrong container may result in breakage, gathering of an insufficient volume needed to perform
sample analysis, or the container material may interfere with the analysis. Therefore, samplers should
identify and use the correct sample containers for each sampling event.
Containers procured for a sampling event are usually pre-cleaned and shipped ready-for-use from the
manufacturer to the sampling site. Regardless of the type of container used, samplers must ensure that
the containers have been analyzed or certified clean to levels below concern for the project. These
containers must meet the USEPA container type specifications listed in Table 2-2.
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
Table 2-2. Container Type Specifications
Reference
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Container Type
40 mL amber glass vial, 24 mm
neck finish.
1 L high density polyethylene,
cylinder-round bottle, 28 mm
neck finish.
8 oz short, wide mouth,
straight- sided, glass jar, 70 mm
neck finish.
4 oz (120 mL) tall, wide mouth,
straight- sided, glass jar, 48 mm
neck finish.
1 L amber round glass bottle,
33 mm pour-out neck finish.
500 mL high density
polyethylene, cylinder-round
bottle, 28 mm neck finish.
Coring tool used as a transport
device (e.g., 5 g Sampler).
250 mL high density
polyethylene, cylinder-round
bottle, 28 mm neck finish.
Specifications
Closure
Polypropylene or phenolic, open-top screw-cap,
15 cm opening, 24-400 size.
Polyethylene cap, ribbed, 28-410 size; F217
polyethylene liner.
Polypropylene or phenolic cap, 70-400 size;
0.015 in. PTFE liner.
Polypropylene or phenolic cap, 48-400 size;
0.015 in. PTFE liner.
Polypropylene or phenolic cap, 33-430 size;
0.015 in. PTFE liner.
Polypropylene cap, ribbed, 28-410 size; F217
polyethylene liner.
Has built-in closing mechanism.
Septum
24 mm disc of 0.005 in.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
bonded to 0.120 in. silicone for
total a thickness of 0.125 in.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
The information contained in this table is also cross-referenced in the sample collection parameters
discussed in Chapter 3. The container Reference Numbers are used in Tables 3-2 and 3-3 under the
Containers column. For example, samples collected for low-level soil VOA analysis using SW-846
Method 503 5A may require the sampler to use pre-prepared, tared closed-system purge-and-trap vials
with a preservative (refer to Appendix B).
Have extra containers readily available for each sampling event in case of breakage, loss, or
contamination.
2.6.3 Procure Shipping Supplies
Samples should be correctly packaged into the appropriate shipping containers to reduce the risk of
breakage or leakage, and the shipping containers should be appropriately prepared for shipment. Before
heading into the field, samplers should refer to the appropriate project plans to determine the types of
samples that will be taken during the sampling project so that samplers will have the proper packaging
materials at the site for all pertinent samples container types and sample matrices. Samplers should also
make sure to obtain the appropriate shipping paperwork (e.g., shipping forms required by the delivery
service).
2.7 Comply with Transportation and Shipping Requirements
Samplers are expected to review the applicable project plans to be aware of all State, Federal, Department of
Transportation (DOT), and International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulations governing environmental
and hazardous sample packaging. The person who ships the samples is responsible for being in compliance with
applicable packaging, labeling, and shipping requirements.
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Chapter 2 - Pre-field Activities
Samplers should request and receive sample permits for outside the continental United States, prior to
shipping.
Additional information can be obtained on Hazardous Materials Safety Program regulations from the DOT's
Research and Special Programs Administration. Federal transportation regulations can be found in 49-CFR Parts
100-185, are available on the Internet at:
http://www.myreqs.com/dotrspa/
2.8 Provide Shipment Notification
Some Regions may require that samplers notify their RSCC (or his/her designee) when samples are shipped.
Some Regions allow samplers to contact SMO directly to provide shipment notification. It is recommended that
samplers contact the RSCC of sample origin to verify if such notification is necessary. If samplers are shipping
samples after 5:00 PM ET, samplers must notify the RSCC (or designee) or SMO by 8:00 AM ET on the
following business day.
For Saturday delivery at the laboratory, samplers MUST contact the RSCC (or designee) or SMO so that
SMO will receive the delivery information by 3:00 PM ET on the Friday prior to delivery.
2.9 Perform Readiness Review/Dry Run
A readiness review/dry run is a test run of the proposed sampling event. This is a recommended practice since it
gives samplers a chance to check all plans, documentation software (i.e., FORMS II Lite), and equipment lists for
accuracy and completeness prior to sampling activities. It also provides an opportunity to consult with sampling
team members to make sure all the elements are in place and everyone understands their tasking before actually
going out to the field. Sampling project managers should provide the test or dry run dates and schedules to
samplers so that samplers can prepare accordingly.
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
3.0 IN-FIELD ACTIVITIES
This chapter addresses the in-field activities a sampler will focus on during a
sampling event such as: determining the type of samples to be collected; At-a-Glance-
collecting the samples; meeting volume, preservation, and holding time in-fleld Activities
requirements; completing documentation; and packing and shipping samples.
v Collecting samples
When performing a sampling event, the sampler is expected to follow ^ Completing documentation
prescribed sampling techniques. The sampler should also be aware of any ^ Sampling considerations
special sampling considerations, contamination issues, and sample / Procuring shipping supplies
compositing and mixing methods that could affect their sampling efforts.
Please refer to Appendix D for more detailed information. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~
Appropriate Regional guidance and procedures should be consulted for detailed sample collection,
preservation, handling and storing, equipment decontamination, and QA/QC procedures.
3.1 Collect Samples
CLP RAS are generally used to analyze samples from Superfund sites. The matrices can be water, soil, or
sediment. In some instances, a mixed-matrix sample may be collected which contains either a supernate (for a
sediment/soil sample) or a precipitate (for a water sample). In this event, samplers should consult their
management plans and/or discuss the required procedures with the RSM or their designee.
A CLP sample consists of all sample aliquots (portions):
for each individual or set of analytical fractions;
from one station location;
for one sample matrix;
at one concentration level;
for one laboratory; and
for one analytical program;
provided that the fractions are all requested from the same CLP analytical service.
In general, it is recommended that two individual samples be collected by separating the aqueous layer from the
solid/precipitate layer at the point of collection. They may be assigned two different sample IDs (e.g., Sample IDs
ABC124 and ABC125 for Sample ID ABC123), along with a note in the field sample log or tracking system that
the sample IDs are derived or related to the same sample ID, to ensure correct follow-up upon receipt of results
from the laboratory. Alternatively, they may be assigned the same sample ID, along with a notation of each
individual sub-sample or fraction (e.g., Sample IDs ABC123-1 and ABC123-2 or Sample ID ABC123 Fraction 1
and Sample ID ABC123 Fraction 2 for Sample ID ABC123).
3.1.1 Determine Types of Samples to be Collected
Samplers may be required to take several types of samples or sample aliquots during a sampling event.
They should refer to their project plans to determine the types of samples or aliquots to be taken, the
volumes needed of each sample or aliquot, and the preservation needed for each sample. For an
explanation of the various sample types and the requirements for collecting and submitting each
particular type, refer to Table 3-1.
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
Table 3-1. QC Sample Types and CLP Submission Requirements
Sample Type
Purpose
Collection1
CLP Sample Number
Field Duplicate
To check reproducibility
of laboratory and field
procedures. To indicate
non-homogeneity.
Collect from areas that are known or suspected to be contaminated.
Collect one sample per week or 10% (Regions may vary) of all field
samples per matrix, whichever is greater.
Assign two separate (unique) CLP Sample
Numbers (i.e., one number to the field
sample and one to the duplicate).
Submit blind to the laboratory.
Field Blanks
To check cross-
contamination during
sample collection,
preservation, and
shipment, as well as in
the laboratory. Also to
check sample containers
and preservatives.
Collect for each group of samples of similar matrix per day of
sampling.
Organics - Use water (demonstrated to be free of the contaminants of
concern).
Inorganics - Use metal-free (deionized or distilled) water.
Assign separate CLP Sample Numbers to the
field blanks.
Trip Blank
(Volatile Organic
Analysis Only)
To check contamination
of VOA samples during
handling, storage, and
shipment from field to
laboratory.
Prior to going into the field, prepare and seal one sample per
shipment per matrix using water demonstrated to be free of the
contaminants of concern (deionized water is appropriate).
Place this sample in the cooler used to ship VOA samples.
Assign separate CLP Sample Numbers to the
trip blanks.
Equipment Blank
or Rinsate Blank
To check
decontamination
procedures.
field
Collect when sampling equipment is decontaminated and reused in
the field or when a sample collection vessel (bailer or beaker) will be
used. Use blank water (water demonstrated to be organic-free,
deionized or distilled for inorganics) to rinse water into the sample
containers.
Assign separate CLP Sample Numbers to the
equipment blanks.
Matrix Spike (MS)
and Duplicate
(MSD)2 (Organic
Analysis Only)
To check accuracy and
precision of organic
analyses in specific
sample matrices.
Collect from areas that are known or suspected to be contaminated.
For smaller sampling events (i.e., 20 samples or less), MS/MSD
additional volume should be collected in the first round of sampling
and included in the first shipment of samples to the laboratory.
Collect double or triple volume3 for aqueous samples and soil VOA
samples designated for MS/MSD analyses. Additional sample
volume is not required for soil samples requiring SVOA, Pesticide,
and/or Aroclor analysis. See Appendix B for VOA collection
volumes.
Assign the same CLP Sample Number to the
field sample and the extra volume for
MS/MSD.
Identify the sample designated for MS/MSD
on the TR/COC Record.
Matrix Spike (MS)
and Duplicate
(MSD) (Inorganic
Analysis Only)
To check accuracy and
precision of inorganic
analyses in specific
sample matrices.
Collect from areas that are known or suspected to be contaminated.
For smaller sampling events (i.e., 20 samples or less), Matrix Spike
and Duplicates should be collected in the first round of sampling and
included in the first shipment of samples to the laboratory.
Additional sample volume may be required for inorganic analysis.4
Assign the same CLP Sample Number to the
field sample and extra volume (if collected).
Identify the sample(s) designated for Matrix
Spike and Duplicates on the TR/COC
Record.
PE Samples
Specially-prepared QC
samples used to evaluate
a laboratory's analytical
proficiency.
The PE samples contain analytes with concentrations unknown to the
laboratory. Designated Regional or authorized personnel (depending
on Regional policy) arrange for Case-specific CLP PE samples to be
prepared and shipped by the QATS contractor. The PE samples can
be shipped to the site, or shipped per Regional direction. QATS
provides the appropriate preparation instructions and chain-of-
custody materials.
Samplers have no direct interaction with the
PE sampling process, but should be aware
that such samples do exist within the CLP
sampling process. Samplers must, however,
order PE samples and ship them to the
laboratory if required by the Region.
1 Consult Regional or Project Manager Guidance for field QC sample frequencies; laboratory QC sample frequencies are generally fixed in the laboratory
subcontracts or specified in analytical methods. Current frequency for MS/MSD (organic) and MS/duplicate (inorganic) for the CLP is one sample per
twenty field sample of similar matrix.
2 Samples sent under the Organic SOW (SOM01) do not require an MS or MSD for Trace VOA, VOA and BNA fractions, but the Region may opt to send
them at their discretion.
3 Example of double volume: An aqueous sample for SVOA analysis would require the field sampler to collect at least 2 L of field sample and at least 1 L
each for the MS and MSD samples for a total volume of 4 L. If Pesticide or Aroclor MS/MSD analyses are required for the same sample, an additional 4
L must be collected. Double volume is the MINIMUM allowable volume for samples designated for MS/MSD analysis. Triple volume may be sent for
MS/MSD samples to allow for sufficient volume for these analyses in the event sample volume is lost as a result of samples breaking, leaking, or
laboratory accidents.
4 Double volume may be sent for inorganic aqueous MS and MSD samples to allow for sufficient volume for these analyses in the event sample volume is
lost as a result of samples breaking, leaking or laboratory accidents.
16
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
3.1.1.1 Collect Field QC Samples
Samplers can collect field QC samples and laboratory QC samples to verify that sample
quality is maintained during a sampling project.
Field QC samples are designed to assess variability of the media being sampled and to detect
contamination and sampling error in the field. The types of field QC samples that are
generally collected include field duplicates and field blanks (such as equipment, trip, or rinse
blanks). Generally, field duplicate samples should remain "blind" to the laboratory (i.e., they
should have separate CLP Sample Numbers).
3.1.1.2 Collect Laboratory QC Samples
A laboratory QC sample is an additional analysis of a field sample, as required by the
laboratory's contract. There are three types of laboratory QC samples:
MS [for organic and inorganic samples];
MSD [for organic samples only]; and
Duplicates [for inorganic samples only].
Samplers should obtain Regional guidance regarding the collection of MS and MSD
samples (especially for organics analyses).
Samplers should select one sample per matrix per 20 samples as a "laboratory QC" sample.
Designated organic laboratory QC samples should be noted on the Organic TR/COC Record.
Designated inorganic laboratory QC samples should be noted on the Inorganic TR/COC
Record. The laboratory QC sample must not be designated only in the "Field QC Qualifier"
column on either the Organic or Inorganic TR/COC Records. Make sure that the laboratory
QC sample is included in TR/COC Record samples to be used for the Laboratory QC field.
The sampler should select a field sample as the laboratory QC sample. If the sampler does not
select a field sample as the laboratory QC sample, then it is possible that the laboratory could
select the field blank (e.g., an equipment or rinsate blank) sample to meet contractual QC
requirements. The use of field blanks for laboratory MS/MSD/Duplicate analysis reduces the
usability of the data to assess data quality.
In the event of multiple sample shipments during a sampling event, it is
recommended that the sampler submit laboratory QC samples in the first sample
shipment.
3.1.2 Meet Volume, Preservation, and Holding Time Requirements
Samplers should refer to their project plans to obtain the specific sample volumes to be collected, the
preservation needed for those samples, and the technical holding times under which they must submit
samples to the scheduled CLP laboratory. Sample collection parameters (to include sample volumes,
preservatives, and technical holding times) for organic collection and analysis are listed in Tables 3-2 and
3-3. Sample collection parameters for inorganic analysis and collection are listed in Table 3-4.
3.1.2.1 Collect Sample Volume
Collecting sufficient sample volume is critical. There must be sufficient physical sample
volume for the analysis of all required parameters and completion of all QC determinations.
The type of analytical procedure(s) to be performed will often dictate the sample volume to
collect. For example, each water sample collected for VOA analysis by CLP SOW SOM01 or
ILM05 requires a minimum of three vials, each filled completely to a 40 mL capacity. See
Appendix C for information regarding the collection of VOAs in water. It is extremely
important that samplers refer to their specific project plans to identify and collect the correct
sample volume during each sampling event.
When sampling for VOAs in soils, samplers must use SW-846 Method 503 5A guidelines
included in Appendix B.
FINAL July 2007 17~
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
3.1.2.2 Preserve Samples
Degradation of some contaminants may occur naturally (e.g., VOAs). The sampler must
chemically preserve some water samples for certain analytes before shipping them to the
laboratory. The sampler should preserve and immediately cool all samples to 4°C (±2°C)
upon collection and samples should remain cooled until the time of analysis (do not freeze
water samples). Preservation techniques vary among Regions so the sampler should obtain
Region-specific instructions and review the appropriate project plans and SOPs. See
Appendix C for information regarding the collection of VOAs in water.
3.1.2.3 Ship within Holding Times
Samplers should ship samples to scheduled CLP laboratories as soon as possible after
collection. Daily shipment of samples to CLP laboratories is preferred whenever possible. If
samples cannot be shipped on a daily basis, they must be properly preserved and maintained to
meet CLP-specified temperatures, holding times, and custody requirements.
The technical holding times are the maximum time allowed between a sample collection and
the completion of the sample extraction and/or analysis. In contrast, contractual holding times
are the maximum lengths of time that the CLP laboratory can hold the sample prior to
extraction and/or analysis. These contractual holding times are described in the appropriate
CLP SOW. Contractual holding times are shorter than the technical holding times to allow for
sample packing and shipping.
If samplers are shipping samples after 5:00 PM ET, they must notify the RSCC (or
designee) or SMO by 8:00 AM ET on the following business day. When making a
Saturday delivery, samplers shall contact the RSCC (or designee) or SMO by 3:00
PM ET on the Friday prior to delivery.
18 FINAL July 2007
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
Table 3-2. Sample Collection Requirements for CLP SOW SOM01 (VOAs)
Matrix
Water
Soil/
Sediment
Container
Type
See Table 2-
2, Reference
Number 1 .
OPTION 1
Closed-
system Vials
See Table 2-
2, Reference
Number 1 .
OPTION 2
Closed-
system
contamMigls
Water
See Table 2-
2, Reference
Number 1 .
OPTION 3
See Table 2-
2, Reference
Number 7.
Sample Type
Samples Only
Samples with
SIM
Samples with
MS/MSD
Samples with
SIM and
MS/MSD
Samples Only
Samples with
MS/MSD
Samples Only
Samples with
MS/MSD
Samples Only
Samples with
MS/MSD
Minimum Number of Containers Needed
with
Water
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
-
-
Dry
-
-
-
-
3
9
1
1
3
9
%
Moisture
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
5
1
1
TOTA
L
3
4
6
8
4
10
4
12
4
10
Minimum
Volume/
Mass
Fill to
capacity
5g
5g
5g
Important Notes
Containers/vials must be
filled to capacity with no
headspace or air bubbles.
Refer to Appendix C for
samples requiring QC
analyses.
Place samples on side
prior to being frozen.
Refer to Appendix B for
samples requiring QC
analyses.
Containers/vials must be
filled to capacity with no
headspace or air bubbles.
Place samples on side
prior to being frozen.
Refer to Appendix B for
samples requiring QC
analyses.
Refer to Appendix B for
samples requiring QC
analysis.
Preservative
Preserve to a pH of 2 with HC1
and cool to 4°C (±2°C)
immediately after collection.
DO NOT FREEZE water
samples.
Frozen (-7°C to
-150C)oricedto40(±2°C).
Frozen (-7°C to
. -15°C) or iced to 4° (±2°C).
DO NOT FREEZE water
samples.
Frozen .(-7°C to
-15°C) or iced to 4°C (±2°C).
Technical
Holding
Time
14 days
14 days
48 hours
14 days
48 hours
48 hours
48 hours
Minimum volume/mass to be collected in order to ensure sample analysis can be performed.
Check Regional guidance regarding use of acid as a preservative of samples that may contain carbonates, residual chlorine, and other oxidants.
This technical holding time is calculated from the time of sample collection to sample extraction. Sample extracts are to be analyzed within 40 days of extraction. It is recommended
that samplers ship samples to the laboratory on the same day that they are collected, or as soon as possible thereafter.
Check Regional guidance regarding use of acid preservatives when testing for carbonates, residual chlorine, and other oxidants.
FINAL July 2007
19
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
Table 3-3. Sample Collection Requirements for CLP SOW SOM01 (SVGAs, Pesticides and Aroclors)
Analysis
Semivolatile
Analytes
Pesticides/
Aroclors
Matrix
Water
Soil/
Sediment
Water
Soil/
Sediment
Containers
See Table 2-2, Reference Number 5.
See Table 2-2, Reference Numbers 3
and 4.
See Table 2-2, Reference Number 5.
See Table 2-2, Reference Numbers 3
and 4.
Minimum Volume/
Mass
2L
Fill to capacity
2L
Fill to capacity
Important Notes
If amber containers are not
available, the samples should
be protected from light.
If amber containers are not
available, the samples should
be protected from light.
Preservative
Cool all samples to 4°C (±2°C)
immediately after collection. DO
NOT FREEZE water samples.
Cool all samples to 4°C (±2°C)
immediately after collection.
Cool all samples to 4°C (±2°C)
immediately after collection. DO
NOT FREEZE water samples.
Cool all samples to 4°C (±2°C)
immediately after collection.
Technical
Holding
Time
7 days
14 days
7 days
14 days
Minimum volume/mass to be collected in order to ensure sample analysis can be performed.
Check Regional guidance regarding use of acid as a preservative of samples that may contain carbonates, residual chlorine, and other oxidants.
This technical holding time is calculated from the time of sample collection to sample extraction. Sample extracts are to be analyzed within 40 days of extraction. It is recommended
that samplers ship samples to the laboratory on the same day that they are collected, or as soon as possible thereafter.
Check Regional guidance regarding use of acid preservatives when testing for carbonates, residual chlorine, and other oxidants.
20
FINAL July 2007
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
Table 3-4. Sample Collection Requirements for CLP SOW ILM05
Analysis
MetaMCP-
AES and/or
Mercury by
CVAA
Cyanide/
Spectrophoto
metric
Determination
3
Matrix
Water
Soil/
Sediment
Water
Soil/
Sediment
Containers
See Table 2-2, Reference Number 2.
See Table 2-2, Reference Number 3.
See Table 2-2, Reference Number 2.
See Table 2-2, Reference Number 3.
Minimum Volume/
Mass1
1L
Fill to capacity
1L
Fill to capacity
Important Notes
If collecting for both ICP-AES
AND ICP-MS methods, a
separate 1L volume of sample
must be collected for each
method per sample location.
Preservative
Acidify to pH < 2 with HNO3 and
cool to 4°C (±2°C) immediately
after collection.2 NOT
FREEZE water samples.
DO
Cool to 4°C (±2°C) immediately
after collection.
To neutralize residual chlorine,
immediately upon collection, add 0.6
g ascorbic acid for each liter of
sample collected.
Add NaOH until pH >12 and cool to
4°C (±2°C) immediately after
collection.5 DO NOT FREEZE
water samples.
Cool to 4°C (±2°C) immediately
after collection.
Technical
Holding
Time4
6 months
for all
metals
except
Mercury
(28 days)
6 months
14 days
14 days
Minimum volume/mass to be collected in order to ensure sample analysis can be performed.
Check Regional guidance regarding use of acid as a preservative of samples that may contain carbonates, residual chlorine, and other oxidants.
Samplers must test for sulfide and oxidizing agents (e.g., chlorine) in aqueous samples in the field upon collection. Please refer to the SAP and Appendix C for guidance. Sulfides
adversely affect the analytical procedure. The following can be done to test for and neutralize sulfides. Place a drop of the sample on lead acetate test paper to detect the presence of
sulfides. If sulfides are present, treat 25 mL more of the sample than that required for the cyanide determination with powdered cadmium carbonate or lead carbonate. Yellow cadmium
sulfide or black lead sulfide precipitates if the sample contains sulfide. Repeat this operation until a drop of the treated sample solution does not darken the lead acetate test paper. Filter
the solution through a dry filter paper into a dry beaker, and from the filtrate measure the sample to be used for analysis. Avoid a large excess of cadmium carbonate and a long contact
time in order to minimize a loss by complication or occlusion of cyanide on the precipitated material. Sulfide removal should be performed in the field, if practical, prior to pH adjustment
with NaOH.
This technical holding time is calculated from the time of sample collection to sample extraction. Sample extracts are to be analyzed within 40 days of extraction. It is recommended
that samplers ship samples to the laboratory on the same day that they are collected, or as soon as possible thereafter.
FINAL July 2007
21
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
3.2 Complete Documentation
Samplers must complete all documentation, including the recording of the CLP Sample Number on the sample
container or bottle, sample labels, and chain-of-custody seals (as appropriate), the completion of the TR/COC
Record, and the completion of field operations records (as necessary).
Samplers should use the FORMS II Lite software to create and print sample labels and the TR/COC Record.
Samplers can create and print out two copies of a sample label and attach one to the sample container or bottle,
and place the other on the sample tag that may be attached to the sample container or bottle.
Samplers are expected to review their project plans to determine what documentation they are expected to include
during a sampling event. It is highly recommended that samplers provide documentation, even if the Region does
not require it.
Under no circumstances should the site name appear on any documentation being sent to the
laboratory.
An example of a packaged sample is shown in Figure 3-1. A description of each type of documentation and
instructions for accurate completion are included in the following sections.
Custody.
Seal
Sample
Container
Clear plastic
bag
Sample
Sample
Tag
Figure 3-1. Packaged Sample with Identification and Chain-of-Custody Documentation
(Excluding TR/COC Record)
3.2.1 Identify a Sample with a CLP Sample Number and SMO-assigned Case
Number
The CLP Sample Number and SMO-assigned Case Number must be recorded on each sample taken
during a sampling event (see Section 1.4.1.1). Samplers can record these numbers on the sample bottle or
container using permanent ink. The numbers must also be recorded on the sample tag, if required.
Dissolved metal samples and total metal samples taken from the same sampling location cannot
have the same CLP Sample Number because two different sets of data will be generated.
3.2.2 Complete TR/COC Records
A Traffic Report is used as physical evidence of sample custody and as a permanent record for each
sample collected. A chain-of-custody record documents the exchange and transportation of samples from
the field to the laboratory.
The ASB requires samplers to use the FORMS II Lite software to create documentation for all CLP
sampling efforts. For assistance with obtaining or using the FORMS II Lite software, please contact the
FORMS II Lite Help Desk at 703-818-4200 from 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM ET.
To meet CLP sample documentation and chain-of-custody requirements, the sampler must attach a
separate TR/COC Record to each cooler they ship. The TR/COC Record must document each sample
within the cooler. Samples shipped in other coolers should not be documented. This practice maintains
the chain-of-custody for all samples in case of incorrect shipment.
22
FINAL July 2007
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
If more than one TR/COC Record is used for the samples within one cooler, all of the records must have
complete header information and original signatures. Samplers are responsible for the care and custody
of samples from the time of collection to the time of shipment to the laboratories for analysis. A sample
is considered under custody if:
It is in possession or in view after being in possession;
It was in possession and then secured or sealed to prevent tampering; or
It was in possession when placed in a secured area.
Each time the custody of samples is turned over to another person, the TR/COC Record must be signed
off by the former custodian and accepted by the new custodian. Samplers are, therefore, responsible for
properly completing any forms or other Region-required documentation used to establish the chain-of-
custody for each sample during a sampling event.
3.2.2.1 Complete a TR/COC Record Using the FORMS II Lite Software
Once the sampler inputs sample collection information into FORMS II Lite, a TR/COC
Record will be generated electronically. The software automatically displays only the
information to be entered by the sampler. FORMS II Lite then generates a laboratory and a
Regional copy of the TR/COC Record (see Figures 3-2 through 3-5). The sampler can print
out multiple copies of the TR/COC Record as necessary. The sampler must sign and submit
original copies of the TR/COC Record as appropriate.
An electronic TR/COC Record created using the FORMS II Lite software contains basic
header information; however, the sampler can also include some additional detailed
information. For example, not only is the sample matrix listed on the electronic TR/COC
Record, but the name of the sampler taking the sample can also be entered. Samplers should
note that certain information will not appear on the electronic TR/COC Record (e.g., matrix
and preservative descriptions).
3.2.2.2 Indicate Modified Analysis on FORMS II Lite TR/COC Records
When completing a TR/COC Record using FORMS II Lite, the sampler should identify any
samples that will be analyzed using a CLP Modified Analysis. Samplers should indicate use
of a Modified Analysis by creating a new analysis within the FORMS II Lite Wizard or
through the FORMS II Lite Reference Tables. This newly-created analysis should contain the
Modification Reference Number within the name assigned to the analysis. For example, if a
Region submits a Modified Analysis for an additional analyte, and SMO assigns the
Modification Reference Number 1301.0, the FORMS II Lite analysis could be named "VOA
by M.A. 1301.0". The associated abbreviation for this analysis could be "VOA M.A.". If you
have any questions regarding identification of Modified Analysis using FORMS II Lite, please
contact the FORMS II Lite Help Desk at 703-818-4200 from 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM ET.
3.2.2.3 Make Manual Edits to Printed FORMS II Lite TR/COC Records
If a FORMS II Lite TR/COC Record has been printed and deletions or edits need to be made
by the sampler, the following procedures must be followed:
If making a deletion, manually cross out the information to be disregarded from the
TR/COC Record, initial and date the deletion.
If making an addition, enter the new information and initialsign and date the newly added
information.
All modifications made on a printed TR/COC Record must be initialed and dated.
FINAL July 2007 23
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
J* EDA USEPA Contract Laboratory Program
'^' " Organic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record
Date Shipped: 2/20Q001
Carrier Name. DHL
Airbill: 121212
Shipped to: Organic Laboratory
1234 Smith Drive
Anywhere. USA 12345
(123)456-7890
ORGANIC MATMX/ CQHCt
SAMPLE No. SAMPLER TYPE
C0075 Industrial H/C
Process
Wastewater/
BOBBY
SAMPLER
C0076 Ground Water/ L/C
JOE SAMPLER
C0077 Industrial Effluent M/G
Wastewater/
JOE SAMPLER
Chain of Custody Record SamPk"
Signature:
Relinquished By (Date (Time) Received 8y
1
2
3
4
ANALYSIS/ TAG No/ STATION
TURNAROUND PRESERVATIVE/ Botles LOCATION
BNAIPEST (21). VOA 6486, 64S7 (2) LOCATION ONE
(21)
BNWPEST (21). VOA 6494. 6495 (2) LOCATION TWO
(21)
BNA/PEST (21 ) VOA 6502, 6503 (2) LOCATION ONE
(21)
Shipment forCase Samplc(s) to be used for laboratory QC Additional Sampler Signature!*):
ComptoBTN C0077
Case No: 39400
DAS No: DAS9000 j
SDG No: ^_
For Lab Use Only
(Date /Time) Ub Contract No:
Unit Price:
Transfer To:
Lab Contract No:
Unit Price:
SAMPLE CCUECT INORGANIC FOR LAB USE ONLY
DATE/TIME SAMPLE No. Sample Condition On Receipt
S: 2/20/2001 1602 MC0075
E: 2/23/2001 16:02
S: 2/20/2001 1601 MC0076
E: 2/21/2001 16:01
S: 2/16/2001 15.55 MC0077
E: 2/20/2001 15:55
Cooler TcfnporaUirc Chain of Custody Seal Number:
Upon Receipt:
Analysis Key: Concentration: L = Low, M « Low/Medium. H = HigJi Typo/Designate: Composite = C. Grab = G Custody Seal Intact? Shipment Iced? _
BNA/PEST = CLP TCL Semrvolaliles and Pesticides(PC, VOA = CLP TCL Volatiles
FR Number: 3-103823254-022001-0001
»R provides preliminary results. Requests for preliminary results will increase analytical costs.
Send Copy lo: Sample Management Office, Atln: Healner Bauer, CSC. 15000 Conference Center Dr.. Chantilly, VA 20151-3819: Phone 703/818-4200: Fax FW5.1.047 PagB ^ of 1
'03/818-4602
Figure 3-2. Organic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Laboratory Copy)
24
FINAL July 2007
-------
Chapter 3- In-field Activities
C CDA USEPA Contract Laboratory Program
' ^'" Inorganic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record
Date Shipped: 2/20K(
Carrier Name: DHL
Airbill: 121211
Shipped to: Inorga
1234 S
Anywh
(123)4
101
lie Laboratory
milh Drive
ere, USA 12345
66-7890
INORGANIC MATHXI CONCI
SAMPLE No. SAMPLER TYPE
MC0075 Industrial H/C
Process
Wastewater/
BOBBY
SAMPLER
MC0076 Ground Water/ L/C
JOE SAMPLER
MC0077 Industrial Effluent M/G
Waslewater/
JOE SAMPLER
Shipment lor Casa
Compile 1H
Analysis Key:
Al = Aluminum, Ha = Bar
Chain of Custody Record *"**
Signauns:
Relinquished By
1
2
3
4
(Date / Time) Received By (Date / Time)
Sase No: 39400
DAS No: DAS9000 I
30G No: I
For Lab Use Only
.ab Contract No:
Jnit Price:
'ransfar To:
.sb Contract No:
Jnil Price:
ANALYSIS; TAG NO.; STATION SAMPLE COLLECT ORGANIC FOR LAB USE ONLY
TURNAROUND PRESERVATIVE1 Bottles LOCATION DATE/TIME SAMPLE No. Sample Condition On Receipt
Al(21). Ba(21), Ca 6481,6482,6483,6484. LOCATION ONE 3:2/20/2001 16^02 C0075
(21 ), Cr (21 ). TM/CN 6485 (5) E, 2/23/2001 1 6 02
(21)
Al(21), Ba(21). Ca 6489,6490.6491,6492. LOCATION TWO 5:2/20/2001 16:01 C0076
(21 ),Cr (21), TM/CN 6493(5) E 2/21/2001 16'01
(21)
Al(21), Ba(21), Ca 6497,6498,6499,6500. LOCATION ONE 5:2/16/2001 15:55 C0077
(21 ),Cr (21), TM/CN 6501(5) E 2/20/2001 1555
(21)
Sample(s) to be used for laboratory QC:
MC0077
Concentration: L - Low, M - Low/Medium, H - High
Additional Sampler Signalure(sj: Cooler Temperature
Upon Receipt:
Type/Designate: Composite = C, Grab - G
Chain of Custody Seal Number:
Custody Seal Intact? Shipment Iced?
um. Ca = Calcium, Cr = Chromium. TM/CN = CLP TAL Total Metals and Cyanide
TR Number: 3.1 03823254-022001-0003
PR provides preliminary results. Requests for pre iminary results will increase analytical costs.
Send Copy to: Sample Management Office, Atln: Heartier Bauer, CSC, 15000 Conference Center Dr.. Chantilly. VA 20151-3819: Phone 703/818-4200; Fax F2V11.047 pagB 1 of 1
703/818-4602
Figure 3-3. Inorganic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Laboratory Copy)
FINAL July 2007
25
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
^yCDA U SEP A Contract Laboratory Program
Organic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record
Region: 3
Project Code:
Date Shipped: 2/20/2001 Cha
A/-173 Carrier Name: DHl
Account Code: ACCTOOO Airbill 17121? Relln
CERCLIS ID:
Spill ID: |[
Site Name/Slate: R
Project Leader: D
Action: O
Sampling Co: S
Shipped to: Organic Laboratory 1
EALSITE, UT Anywhere, USA 12345 2
AN SAMPLER (123)456-7890
ther
VIITH CO 4
ORGANIC MATRW CONCI ANALYSIS! TAGNoJ STATION
SAMPLE No. SAMPLER TYPE TURNAROUND PRESERVATIVE Bottles LOCATION
C0075 Industrial H/C BNWPEST (21). VOA 6486.6487(2) LOCATION ONE
Process (21)
Wastewater/
BOBBY
SAMPLER
C0076 Ground Water/ L/C BNA/PEST (21). VGA 6494.6495(2) LOCATION TWO
JOE SAMPLER (21)
C0077 Industrial M/G BNA/PEST (21 ), VOA 6502,6503(2) LOCATION ONE
Effluent (21)
Wastewater/
JOE SAMPLER
Shipment for Case
Complete? N
Analysis Key:
BNA/PEST = CLP TCL (
Sample(s) to be used for laboratory QC: Additional Sampler Signatures):
C0077
Concentration: L = Low, M = Low/Medium. H = High Type/Designate: Composite = C. Grarj
iemiuolatiles and Pesticides/PC, VOA = CLP id Volahles
Case No: 39400 O
DAS No DAS9000 r\.
n of Custody Record Sampler
Signature:
qu is hied By (Date / Time) Received By (Date (Time)
SAMPLE COLLECT INORGANIC QC
DATE/TIME SAMPLE No. Type
S: 2/20/2001 16:02 MC0075
E: 2/23/2001 16:02
S: 2/20/2001 1601 MC0076 Spike
E: 2/21/2001 16:01
S: 2/1672001 15:55 MC0077
E: 2/20/2001 15:55
Chain of Custody Seal Number:
~Q Shipment Iced?
TR Number: 3.1 03823254-022001 -0001
PR provides preliminary results. Requests for preliminary results will increase analytical costs.
Send Copy to: Sample Management Office. Attn: Heather Bauer. CSC, 15000 Conference Center Dr . Chantilly. VA 20151-3819: Phone 703/81M200; Fax F2VS.1.047 Page 1 of 1
703/818-4602
Figure 3-4. Organic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Region Copy)
26
FINAL July 2007
-------
Chapter 3- In-field Activities
^FPA USEPA Contract Laboratory Program
Case No:
Inorganic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record DAS No.
Region: 3
Project Code:
Account Code: ACCTOOO
Site Name/State: REAL SITE, UT
P roject LMdor: DAN SAM PLER
Sampling Co: SMITH CO
INORGANIC MATRIX! CONCI ANAIVSSI
SAMPLE No. SAMPLER TYPE TURNAROUND
MC0075 Industr
al H/C Al(21). Ba(21), Ca
Process (21 ). Cr (21 ), TMfCN
Date Shipped:
Airbill:
Shipped to:
2/20/2001 Chain of Custody Record
PHI
1>171j Relinquished By (Date / Time)
Clayton Environmental 1
22345 Roethel Dnve 2
(248) 344-1770 3
4
Y6767 Q
DAS9000 I*
Sampler
Received By (Date / Time)
TAG No; STATION SAMPLE COLLECT ORGANIC QC
PRESERVATIVE' Bonles LOCATION DATE/TIME SAMPLE No. Type
6481.6482,6483.6484. LOCATION ONE 3:2/20/2001 16:02 C0075
6485 (5)
WaslewaterJ (21)
E: 2/23/2001 1S:02
BOBBY
SAMPLER
MC0076 Ground Waterf UC Al (21 ). Ba (21 ), Ca
JOE SAMPLER (21 ). Cr (21 ), TM/CN
(21)
MC0077 Industrial M/G Al (21), Ba (21), Ca
Effluent (21). Cr (21), TM/CN
Waste*
raterf (21)
6489.6490.6491.6482. LOCATION TWO 3:2/20/2001 16:01 C0076 Spike
6493 (5)
6497, 6498, 649!
6501 (5)
E 2/21/2001 16:01
1. 6500. LOCATION ONE S: 2/16/2001 15:55 C0077
E: 2/2012001 15:55
JOE SAMPLER
1
p
S
7
Shipment lor Case
CoropM7N
Analysis Key:
Al - Aluminum, Ba - Ba
Sample(s) to be used for laboratory QC:
Concentration: L = Low, M = LowlMedium,
H = High
Additional Sampler Signatured:
TypelDeslgnate: Composite = C. Grab = G
R Number: 3-103823254-022001-0003
3 provides preliminary results. Requests for preliminary results will Increase analytical costs.
end Copy 10: Sample Management Office. Attn: Heather Bauer. CSC. 15000 Conference Center Dr., Chanlilly. VA 20151-3819; Phone 703/818-4200, Fax
03/818-4602
Chain of Custody Seal Number:
Shipment Iced?
REGION COPY
F2VS.1.M7 Page 1 of 1
Figure 3-5. Inorganic Traffic Report & Chain of Custody Record (Region Copy)
FINAL July 2007
27
-------
Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
3.2.3 Complete and Attach Custody Seals
Custody seals are usually pre-printed stickers that are signed (or initialed) and dated by the sampler after
sample collection and placed on sample bottles or containers and/or shipping coolers or containers (see
Figure 3-6). The custody seals document who sealed the sample container and verifies that the sample
has not been tampered with. The seals must be placed such that they will break if the sample bottle or
container or the shipping cooler or container is tampered with or opened after leaving custody of
samplers. Custody seals can also be used to maintain custody of other items such as envelopes containing
videotapes of the sample collection process.
Custody seals should never be placed directly onto a coring tool used as a transport device (e.g.,
5 g Sampler) or tared, 40 mL closed-system vials. The seals must be placed on the bag for the
coring tool used as a transport device, or on the bag used to enclose the vials. Refer to
Appendix B for details.
.MDS^, UNITED STATES
- * ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1 ^3^ '<- OFFICIAL SAMPLE SEAL
v*£
SAMPLE NO
SIGNATURE
DATE
PRINT NAME AND TITLE
SEAL BROKEN BY
UJ
1
Figure 3-6. Custody Seal
Instructions for completing and attaching a custody seal are included in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5. Completing and Attaching a Custody Seal
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
Action
Record the CLP Sample Number.
Record the month, day, and year of
sample collection.
Sign the seal in the Signature field.
Print your name and title in the Print
Name and Title field.
Place the custody seal over the edge
of the sample bottle or container
such that it will break if tampered
with.
If possible, cover the custody seal
with clear plastic tape to protect it.
Important Notes
The space for the CLP Sample Number does not need to be completed on custody
seals being placed on the opening of a cooler, only on those being placed on the
opening of sample bottles or containers.
Custody seals can be placed directly on any sample container except for coring tools
used as a transport device (e.g., 5 g Samplers) and tared VOA bottles. If packing
coring tools used as a transport device or tared VOA bottles, place them in a clear
plastic bag and place the custody seal on the outside of the bag.
Take special care to not place the protective tape over the seal in such a way that it
can be removed and then re-attached without signs of tampering.
The use and type of custody seals can vary by Region or collecting organization. Samplers should obtain
the appropriate custody seals and specific instructions for correctly attaching them from the RSCC.
3.2.4 Complete and Attach Sample Labels
Samplers affix sample labels to each sample container. A sample label must contain the associated CLP
Sample Number (either written or pre-printed), SMO-assigned Case Number, and the preservative used.
It must also denote the analysis/fraction. Samplers may also include additional information such as the
station location or the date/time of collection. Samplers should use FORMS II Lite to create and print
sample labels. The sampler can print two labels and attach one to the sample container or bottle, and
place the other label on the sample tag that should also be attached to the sample container or bottle. The
28
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Chapter 3- In-field Activities
labels should then be covered with clear packaging tape to protect the label and maintain legibility. If
handwriting a sample label, the sampler should complete the label information using waterproof ink,
place the label on the outside of the sample bottle or container, then cover the label with clear packaging
tape to protect the label and maintain legibility (see Figure 3-1).
Do not attach labels to tared VOA sample vials. A label should already be pre-attached to the
tared vial.
3.2.5 Complete and Attach Sample Tags
To support use of sample data in potential enforcement actions, sample characteristics other than on-site
measurements (e.g., pH, temperature, conductivity) can be identified with a sample tag. Typically, site-
specific information is written on the tags using waterproof ink. The use and type of sample tags may
vary by Region. For each sampling event, samplers should receive the required sample tags and type of
information to include from the RSCC. The sampler can use FORMS II Lite to create and print out
multiple sample labels, one of which can be attached to the sample tag and then covered with clear
packaging tape to protect the label and maintain legibility. If FORMS II Lite-created sample labels are
not available, a detailed set of instructions for completing and attaching a handwritten sample tag are
included in Table 3-6.
The use and type of sample tags may vary among Regions.
Table 3-6. Completing and Attaching a Handwritten Sample Tag
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Action
Under the "Remarks" heading, record the CLP Sample Number and
SMO-assigned Case Number.
Record the project code (e.g., Contract Number, Work Assignment
Number, Interagency Agreement Number, etc.) assigned by USEPA.
Enter the station number assigned by the sampling team coordinator.
Record the month, day, and year of sample collection.
Enter the military time of sample collection (e.g., 13:01 for 1:01
PM).
Identify the designate and place an "X" in either the "Comp." or
"Grab" box if the sample is either a composite or grab sample.
Record the station location.
Sign the sample tag in the Signature area.
Place an "X" in the box next to Yes or No to indicate if a
preservative was added to the sample.
Under "Analyses", place an "X" in the box next to the parameters for
which the sample is to be analyzed.
Leave the box for "Laboratory Sample Number" blank.
It is recommended that the sample tag be attached to the neck of the
sample bottle or container using regular string, stretch string, or wire
(see Figure 3-1).
Important Notes
Make sure to record the correct CLP Sample
Number and SMO-assigned Case Number in a
legible manner.
Do NOT use wire to attach a sample tag to a metals
sample.
FINAL July 2007
29
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
An example of a completed sample tag is included in Figure 3-7 below:
Project Code 2
OO-O3O
CO |
0 Z
-* o
I E
2 co
0)
3
T3
(V
O
Station No. 3
1
Mo ./Day/Year 4
91/10/2004
Station Location "7
Remarks:
1
SVOA organi
o
Pesticides
VOA organic
X
CD
Z
Time 5
i?:45 AM
Designate: 6
Comp.
Sampler's (Signature)
T(*lrv\Jl/\/ *>\W\**v\'
I \J f */w v *_J r r I
0)
(D
£
5T
T)
(V
D
0
CO
n
O
p
O
p
z
§;
(D
in
'wwr v
3OD Anions S
(TSS) (TDS)
coo
cos
ANALYS
m
CO
Grab
X
8
10
<7
00
CO
CD
Z§
D<
CO
9
Figure 3-7. Completed Sample Tag
3.3 Provide Sample Receipt
After samples have been taken from private property, the sampler should prepare a receipt for these samples and
provide this receipt to the property owner. This is especially important when sampling on private property since
these samples could be used during future litigation and the receipt will verify that the owner granted approval for
the removal of the samples from the property. An example of a sample receipt created using FORMS II Lite is
shown in Figure 3-8.
oEPA
Region 3
RECEIPT FOR SAMPLES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Qw-m
PROJECT NAME
SAMPLERS: (SIGNATURES)
NAME 1 LOCATION OF FACILITY/SITE
EXAMPLE SITE
STATION NO.
LOC AT 10 ftf DESCRIPTION
DATE
TIME
NO. Of EPA
Camp/Grab CONTAINERS
SPUT
SAMPLE
> NO/S
STATION ONE LOCATION ONE
STATION ON6 LOCATION TWO
STATION TWO LOCATION ON E
2/20/2001 15:55 G
2/20/2001 16:01 C
2/20/2001 14:02 C
Ves 112, 113, 111, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122
Yes 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133
Yes 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, Ml, 142, 143, H4
SPLIT SAMPLES TRANSFERRED BY:
(KBMQ
QBM
DATE
TIME
SPLIT SAMPLES RECEIVED BY C OR DECLINED BY Q
(miwn
(BOO
TITLE
DATE /TIME
TELEPHONE
F!»s.l.HJ Page 1 of!
Figure 3-8. Sample Receipt Created Using the FORMS II Lite Software
30
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Chapter 3- In-field Activities
3.4 Pack and Ship Samples
Once the samples have been collected, it is very important that the sampler properly package the samples for
shipment and ensure that the samples are sent to the appropriate laboratory as quickly as possible. Prompt and
proper packaging of samples will:
Protect the integrity of samples from changes in composition or concentration caused by bacterial growth or
degradation from increased temperatures;
Reduce the chance of leaking or breaking of sample containers that would result in loss of sample volume,
loss of sample integrity, and exposure of personnel to toxic substances; and
Help ensure compliance with shipping regulations.
3.4.1 Sample Containers
Once samples are collected, they must be stored in conditions that maintain sample integrity. All samples
should be placed in shipping containers or other suitable containers with ice to reduce the temperature as
soon as possible after collection. Ideally, all samples should be shipped the day of collection for
overnight delivery to the laboratory. If samples cannot be shipped on the day of collection, the sample
temperature should be maintained at 4°C (±2°C) until they are shipped to the laboratory.
One CLP RAS sample may be contained in several bottles and vials. For example, one soil sample may
consist of all containers needed for three of the analytical fractions available under this service (i.e.,
SVGA fraction, Pesticide fraction, and Aroclor fraction), even though the fractions are collected in
separate containers. Therefore, the analysis to be performed and the matrix type will determine the type
of container(s) that will be used, as well as the volume that must be collected for that particular sample
fraction.
3.4.2 Inventory of Samples and Documentation
Prior to shipment, samplers should conduct an inventory of the contents of the shipping cooler or
container against the corresponding TR/COC Record when packing for shipment to laboratories. An
inventory will ensure that the proper number of containers have been collected for each analysis of the
samples, that the required PE and QC samples and cooler temperature blanks are included, and the correct
Sample Numbers and fractions have been assigned to each sample.
3.4.3 Shipping Regulations
Sample shipping personnel are legally responsible for ensuring that the sample shipment will comply
with all applicable shipping regulations. For example, hazardous material samples must be packaged,
labeled, and shipped in compliance with all IATA Dangerous Goods regulations or DOT regulations and
USEPA guidelines. Refer to Appendix B for detailed shipping guidelines when using SW-846 Method
5035A to preserve and ship samples.
3.4.4 Sample Packaging for Shipment
Samplers are responsible for the proper packaging of samples for shipment. To ensure that samples are
appropriately packaged (e.g., to avoid breakage and/or contamination) the sampler should consult their
respective project plans to determine the proper packing and shipping procedures. The sampler must
determine the sample type, pack the shipping containers correctly, include necessary paperwork, label
and seal shipping containers or coolers, and ship the samples.
3.4.4.1 Determine the Sample Type and Container
Samplers should know what kinds of samples they are handling to ensure proper packaging.
Samplers should refer to their appropriate project plans to determine which type of sample
container should be used for each type of sample being taken during the sampling event.
FINAL July 2007 31
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
Please follow Regional guidance with reference to samples containing dioxin or
radioactive waste.
3.4.4.2 Pack Shipping Containers
It is imperative that samples are correctly and carefully packed in shipping containers to
prevent the sample containers from breaking or leaking. Samplers must prepare and pack a
shipping cooler or container according to the instructions outlined in Table 3-7.
Table 3-7. Packing Samples for Shipment
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Action
Seal all drain holes in the shipping container, both inside and out, to
prevent leakage in the event of sample breakage.
Check all lids/caps to make sure the samples are tightly sealed and
will not leak.
Seal samples within a clear plastic bag.
Fully chill samples to 4°C (±2°C) prior to placement within
suitable packing materials.
Prior to placing samples within the shipping cooler, it is
recommended that samplers line shipping containers with non-
combustible, absorbent packing material.
Place samples in CLEAN, sealed, watertight shipping containers
(metal or hard plastic coolers).
Conduct an inventory of the contents of the shipping cooler/container
against the corresponding TR/COC Record.
Cover samples in double-bagged ice to prevent water damage to
packing materials.
It is recommended a temperature blank be included within each
cooler being shipped.
Ensure that the site name or other site-identifying information does
not appear on any documentation being sent to the laboratory.
Important Notes
Custody seals can be placed directly on any sample
container except for coring tools used as a transport
device (e.g., 5 g Samplers) and tared VOA bottles. If
packing coring tools used as a transport device or
tared VOA bottles, place them in a clear plastic bag
and place the custody seal on the outside of the bag.
Do NOT pour loose ice directly into the sample
cooler. The ice is used to maintain the temperature of
the samples within the shipping cooler.
The temperature blank is generally a 40 L vial filled
with water and labeled "temperature blank" but does
not have a Sample Number.
The laboratory should not receive any site-identifying
information.
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Chapter 3- In-field Activities
3.4.4.3 Include Necessary Paperwork
Samplers must properly place the necessary paperwork in the shipping cooler. All paperwork
must be placed in a plastic bag or pouch and then secured to the underside of the shipping
cooler lids (see Figure 3-9).
SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION
Figure 3-9. Sample Cooler with Attached TR/COC Record and
Cooler Return Documentation
Necessary paperwork includes TR/COC Records and sample weight logs (see Figure 3-10), if
required (for VOA samples). Samplers should contact their RSCC (or designee) for specific
paperwork requirements.
USEPA Contract Laboratory Program
Sample Weight Log
Shipped to:
Sample No.
C0035
C003G
C0035
C0037
C0037
C0037
AAA Testing Laboratory Case No. 39563
1700 Mill Avenue DAS NO DAS-W
Houston TX 77099 DAS No' UAbl34
(281) 983-1234 Date Shipped: 9/29/2003
Matrix Analysis Preservative Bottle/ Tared Weight Final Weight Sample Weight Laboratory Traffic Report
Tag Number (g) (g) (g) Weight No.
Subsurface CLP TCL Volatiles Ice Only 199543 32.80 37.20 4.40
Soil (>12")
Subsurface CLP TCL Volatiles Ice Only 199547 32.10 38.30 6.20
Soil (>12")
Subsurface CLP TCL Volatiles Ice Only 199549 31.20 38.60 7.40
Soil (>12")
Surface Soil CLP TCL Volatiles Ice Only 199552 32.00 36.90 4.SO
SurfaceSoil CLP TCL Volatiles Ice Only 199551 32.40 37.10 4.70
SurfaceSoil CLP TCL Volatiles Ice Only 199550 31.90 35.90 4.00
Completed By: Date:
All weights
re measured in grams
3-1 0301 8225-092903-0001
3-103018225-092903-0001
3-103018225-092903-0001
3-103018225-092903-0001
3-1 0301 8225-092903-0001
3-103018225-092903-0001
Figure 3-10. Sample Weight Log
FINAL July 2007
33
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
3.4.4.4 Return Sample Shipping Coolers
CLP laboratories must routinely return sample shipping coolers within 14 calendar days
following shipment receipt. Therefore, the sampler should also include cooler return
instructions with each shipment. The sampler (not the CLP laboratory) is responsible for
paying for return of the cooler and should also include shipping airbills bearing the sampler's
account number, as well as a return address to allow for cooler return.
3.4.4.5 Label and Seal Sample Shipping Coolers
After samples are packaged within shipping coolers, samplers must carefully secure the top
and bottom of the coolers with tape, place return address labels clearly on the outside of the
cooler, and attach the required chain-of-custody seals (see Figure 3-11).
CUSTODY SEALS
Figure 3-11. Shipping Cooler with Custody Seals
If more than one cooler is being delivered to a laboratory, samplers should mark each cooler
as " 1 of 2", "2 of 2", etc. In addition, samplers must accurately complete and attach shipping
airbill paperwork for shipment of the samples to the laboratory. An airbill, addressed to the
Sample Custodian of the receiving laboratory, should be completed for each cooler shipped.
Samplers should receive the correct name, address, and telephone number of the laboratory to
which they must ship samples from the RSCC or SMO. To avoid delays in analytical testing,
samplers should make sure they are sending the correct types of samples to the correct
laboratory when collecting samples for multiple types of analysis. For example, inorganic
samples may be shipped to one laboratory for analysis, while organic samples may need to be
shipped to another laboratory.
3.4.4.6 Ship Samples
The sampling contractor should ensure that samplers know the shipping company's name,
address, and telephone number. In addition, they should be aware of the shipping company's
hours of operation, shipping schedule, and pick-up/drop-off requirements.
Overnight Delivery
It is imperative that samples be sent via overnight delivery. Delays caused by longer shipment
times may cause technical holding times to expire, which in turn may destroy sample integrity
or require the recollection of samples for analysis.
Saturday Delivery
For shipping samples for Saturday delivery, the sampler MUST contact the RSCC (or their
designee) or SMO so that SMO will receive the delivery information by 3:00 PM ET on the
Friday prior to delivery.
3.4.5 Shipment Notification
When samples are shipped to CLP Laboratories, samplers must immediately report all sample shipments
to the RSCC (or their designee) or to SMO. Under no circumstances should the sampler contact the
laboratory directly. If samplers are shipping samples after 5:00 PM ET, they must notify the RSCC (or
34
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Chapter 3- In-field Activities
designee) or SMO by 8:00 AM ET on the following business day. Samplers should receive the name and
phone number of the appropriate SMO coordinator to contact from the Region/RSCC.
Samplers must provide the following information to the RSCC (or their designee) or to SMO:
Name and phone number at which they can easily be reached (preferably closest on-site phone
number if still in the field);
SMO-assigned Case Number (see Section 2.4.1);
Number, concentration, matrix and analysis of samples being shipped;
Name of laboratory (or laboratories) to which the samples were shipped;
Airbill number(s);
Date of shipment;
Case status (i.e., whether or not the Case is complete);
Problems encountered, special comments, or any unanticipated issues;
When to expect the next anticipated shipment; and
An electronic export of the TR/COC Record (must be sent as soon as possible after sample
shipment). For information regarding electronic export of TR/COC Records, refer to the following
Web site:
http://www.epa.qov/superfund/proqrams/clp/f2lsubmit.htm
For Saturday delivery, samplers MUST contact the RSCC (or their designee) or SMO so that
SMO will receive the delivery information by 3:00 PM ET on the Friday prior to delivery.
Samplers should be aware if their Region requires them to notify the RSCC (or designee) and/or SMO of
sample shipment.
FINAL July 2007 35
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Chapter 3 - In-field Activities
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36 FINAL July 2007
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Appendix A
Appendix A: Functions within a Sampling Project
The following table describes Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) requirements taken from EPA Requirements for
Quality Assurance Project Plans (EPA QA/R-5).
Functions Within a
Sampling Project
Elements of that Function
Project Management
Project/Task Organization
Problem Definition/Background
Project/Task Description
Quality Objectives and Criteria
Special Training/Certification
Documents and Records
Identifies the individuals or organizations participating in the project and defines their specific
roles and responsibilities.
States the specific problem to be solved or decision to be made and includes sufficient
background information to provide a historical and scientific perspective for each particular
project.
Describes the work to be performed and the schedule for implementation to include:
Measurements to be made during the course of the project;
Applicable technical, regulatory, or program-specific quality standards, criteria, or
objectives;
Any special personnel and equipment requirements; assessment tools needed; and
A work schedule and any required project and quality records, including types of reports
needed.
Describes the project quality objectives and measurement performance criteria.
Ensures that any specialized training for non-routine field sampling techniques, field analyses,
laboratory analyses, or data validation should be specified.
Itemizes the information and records that must be included in the data report package and
specifies the desired reporting format for hard copy and electronic forms, when used.
Identifies any other records and/or documents applicable to the project such as audit reports,
interim progress reports, and final reports that will be produced.
Specifies or references all applicable requirements for the final disposition of records and
documents, including location and length of retention period.
Data Generation and Acquisition
Sampling Process Design
(Experimental Design)
Sampling Methods
Sample Handling and Custody
Describes the experimental design or data collection design for the project.
Classifies all measurements as critical or non-critical.
Describes the procedures for collecting samples and identifies sampling methods and
equipment. Includes any implementation requirements, support facilities, sample
preservation requirements, and materials needed.
Describes the process for preparing and decontaminating sampling equipment to include the
disposal of decontamination by-products, selection and preparation of sample containers,
sample volumes, preservation methods, and maximum holding times for sampling,
preparation, and/or analysis.
Describes specific performance requirements for the method.
Addresses what to do when a failure in sampling occurs, who is responsible for corrective
action, and how the effectiveness of the corrective action shall be determined and
documented
Describes the requirements and provisions for sample handling and custody in the field,
laboratory, and transport, taking into account the nature of the samples, the maximum
allowable sample holding times before extraction and analysis, and the available shipping
options and schedules.
Includes examples of sample labels, custody forms, and sample custody logs.
FINAL July 2007
A-1
-------
Appendix A
Analytical Methods
Identifies the analytical methods and equipment required, including sub-sampling or
extraction methods, waste disposal requirements (if any), and specific method performance
requirements.
Identifies analytical methods by number, date, and regulatory citation (as appropriate). If a
method allows the user to select from various options, the method citations should state
exactly which options are being selected.
Addresses what to do when a failure in the analytical system occurs, who is responsible for
corrective action, and how the effectiveness of the corrective action shall be determined and
documented.
Specifies the laboratory turnaround time needed, if important to the project schedule.
Specifies whether a field sampling and/or laboratory analysis Case Narrative is required to
provide a complete description of any difficulties encountered during sampling or analysis.
Quality Control (QC)
Identifies required measurement QC checks for both the field and laboratory.
States the frequency of analysis for each type of QC check, and the spike compounds sources
and levels.
States or references the required control limits for each QC check and corrective action
required when control limits are exceeded and how the effectiveness of the corrective action
shall be determined and documented.
Describes or references the procedures to be used to calculate each of the QC statistics.
Instrument/Equipment Testing,
Inspection, and Maintenance
Describes how inspections and acceptance testing of environmental sampling and
measurement systems and their components will be performed and documented. Identifies
and discusses the procedure by which final acceptance will be performed by independent
personnel.
Describes how deficiencies are to be resolved and when re-inspection will be performed.
Describes or references how periodic preventative and corrective maintenance of
measurement or test equipment shall be performed.
Identifies the equipment and/or system requiring periodic maintenance.
Discusses how the availability of spare parts identified in the operating guidance and/or
design specifications of the systems will be assured and maintained.
Instrument/Equipment
Calibration and Frequency
Identifies all tools, gauges, instruments, and other sampling, measuring, and test equipment
used for data collection activities affecting quality that must be controlled, and at specific
times, calibrated to maintain performance within specified limits.
Identifies the certified equipment and/or standards used for calibration.
Describes or references how calibration will be conducted using certified equipment and/or
standards with known valid relationships to nationally recognized performance standards. If
no such standards exist, documents the basis for calibration.
Indicates how records of calibration shall be maintained and traced to the instrument.
Inspection/Acceptance of
Supplies and Consumables
Describes how and by whom supplies and consumables shall be inspected and accepted for
use in the project.
States acceptance criteria for such supplies and consumables.
Non-direct Measurements
Identifies any types of data needed for project implementation or decision-making that are
obtained from non-measurement sources (e.g., computer databases, programs, literature files,
historical databases).
Describes the intended use of data.
Defines the acceptance criteria for the use of such data in the project.
Specifies any limitations on the use of the data.
Data Management
Describes the project data management scheme, tracing the data path from generation in the
field or laboratory to their final use or storage.
Describes or references the standard record-keeping procedures, document control system,
and the approach used for data storage and retrieval on electronic media.
A-2
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Appendix B
Appendix B: CLP Sample Collection Guidelines for VOAs in Soil by
SW-846 Method 5035A
A. Preferred Options for the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) are Options 1, 2, and 3:
Soil samples must be placed on their sides prior to being frozen.
Option 1.
Closed-system Vials:
Container - tared or preweighed 40 mL VOA Vials containing a magnetic stir bar.
Collect 5 g of soil per vial (iced or frozen in the field).
Regular Samples 3 Vials - Dry (5 g soil per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
4 Total Vials
Regular Samples 9 Vials - Dry (5 g soil per vial)
Requiring QC Analysis 1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
10 Total Vials
Option 2.
Closed-system Vials Containing Water:
Container - tared or pre-weighed 40 mL VOA vials containing a magnetic stir bar and 5 mL
water.
Collect 5 g of soil per vial (iced or frozen in the field).
Regular Samples 2 Vials with water added (5 g soil and 5 mL water per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (5 g soil in vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
4 Total Vials (2 with water and 2 dry)
Regular Samples 6 Vials with water added (5 g soil and 5 mL water per vial)
Requiring QC Analysis 5 Vials - Dry (5 g soil per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
12 Total Vials (6 with water and 6 dry)
Option 3.
Coring Tool used as a Transport Device
Container - 5 g Samplers or equivalent.
All Samplers should be iced or frozen in the field and bagged individually.
Regular Samples 3 Samplers (5 g soil per Sampler)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
4 Total (3 Samplers and 1 Vial)
Regular Samples 9 Samplers (5 g soil per Sampler)
Requiring QC Analysis 1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
10 Total (11 Samplers and 1 Vial)
FINAL July 2007 B-1
-------
Appendix B
B. Options 4, 5, and 6 are NOT preferred options for the CLP:
Option 4.
Closed-system Vials:
Container - tared or preweighed 40 mL VOA Vials containing a magnetic stir bar and
preservative.
Collect 5 g of soil per vial and add Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) preservative (5 mL water + 1 g NaHSO4) -
iced or frozen in the field.
Caution: This option is NOT a Preferred Option for the CLP because:
NaHSO4 preservation creates low pH conditions that will cause the destruction of certain CLP
target analytes (e.g., vinyl chloride, trichloroethene, trichlorofluoromethane, cis- and trans-
1,3-dichloropropene). Projects requiring the quantitation of these analytes should consider
alternative sample preservation methods. NaHSO4 also cannot be used on carbonaceous soils.
Check the soil before using this method of collection! Soil can be checked by placing a test
sample in a clean vial, then adding several drops of NaHSO4 solution. If the soil bubbles, use
Option 4b and note this issue on the TR/COC Record.
Option 4a. Samples preserved in the field
Regular Samples 2 Vials with NaHSO4 preservative added (5g soil per vial)
1 Vial without NaHSO4 preservative added (5g soil per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
4 Total Vials (2 with NaHSO4 preservative and 2 without)
Regular Samples 4 Vials with NaHSO4 preservative added (5g soil per vial)
Requiring QC Analyses 5 Vials without NaHSO4 preservative added (5 g soil per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
10 Total Vials (4 with NaHSO4 and 6 without)
Option 4b. Samples are preserved by the laboratory (No NaHSO4 preservative is added to these samples in the
field).
Regular Samples 3 Vials - Dry (5 g soil per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
4 Total Vials
Regular Samples 9 Vials - Dry (5 g soil per vial)
Requiring QC Analyses 1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
10 Total Vials
Option 5.
Methanol Preservation (medium-level analysis only):
Container - tared or pre-weighed 40 mL VOA vials containing 5-10 mL methanol.
Collect 5 g of soil per vial (iced in the field).
B-2 FINAL July 2007
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Appendix B
Caution: This is NOT a preferred option for the CLP because:
Samples preserved with methanol can only be analyzed by the medium-level method. Low-
level Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQLs) cannot be achieved when samples are
preserved this way.
Additional problems associated with use of methanol as a preservative in the field include:
Possible contamination of the methanol by sampling-related activities (e.g., absorption
of diesel fumes from sampling equipment);
Leakage of methanol from the sample vials during shipping, resulting in loss of VOAs
prior to analysis.
Regular Samples 2 Vials (5 g soil and 5-10 mL methanol per vial)
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
3 Total Vials (2 with methanol and 1 dry)
Regular Samples 6 Vials (5 g soil and 5-10 mL methanol per vial)
Requiring QC Analysis 1 Vial -Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
7 Total Vials (6 with methanol and 1 dry)
If shipping samples containing methanol as a preservative, a shipping label must be used to indicate
methanol. This label must also contain the United Nations (UN) identification number for methanol
(UN 1230), and indicate Limited Quantity.
Option 6.
Glass Containers filled with sample - No Headspace:
Container - 4 oz Glass Jars.
Glass container filled with soil with no headspace and iced.
Caution: This is NOT a preferred option for the CLP because:
Samples collected in this manner lose most of their volatile analytes prior to analysis when the
sample containers are opened and sub-sampled in the laboratory. This option is only available
due to Regional requirements.
Regular Samples 2 Glass Jars (4 oz) filled with sample, no headspace
1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
3 Total Containers
Regular Samples 2 Glass Jars (4 oz) filled with sample, no headspace
Requiring QC Analysis 1 Vial - Dry (filled with soil no headspace)
3 Total Containers
C. Caution:
1. Extreme care must be taken to ensure that frozen samples do not break during shipment.
2. Before adding soil to pre-weighed vials containing a stir bar, weigh the vials to confirm the tared weight. If the
weight varies by more than 0.1 g, record the new weight on the label and the sample documentation. Do NOT
add labels to these vials once the tared weight has been determined/confirmed.
FINAL July 2007 B-3
-------
Appendix B
D. Dry Samples:
All options include taking a sample in a dry 40 mL VOA vial (or a 4 oz wide mouth jar) with no headspace. No
additional water, NaHSO4, or methanol is added to this sample. This sample is taken to determine moisture content;
therefore, it does not need to be tared or have a stir bar.
E. Iced or Frozen Samples:
1. Iced means cooled to 4°C (±2°C) immediately after collection.
2. Frozen means cooled to between -7°C and -15°C immediately after collection.
F. Sample Delivery:
CLP strongly recommends that all samples reach the laboratory by COB the next day after sample collection.
G. Notes:
1. For Option 4, samples can be preserved with NaHSO4 either:
In the field; or
In the laboratory upon receipt
In this case, the sampler should put the following information in the
Preservation Column of the TR/COC Record - "To be preserved at lab with NaHSO4". This Regional
Request should also be communicated to SMO so that the laboratory can be notified.
2. Regional QAPPs may require the use of Option 5. Please note that this option is for medium-level analysis
ONLY.
3. If water, methanol, or NaHSO4 preservative is added to the vials in the field, a field blank containing the
appropriate liquid used in the vials should be sent to the laboratory for analysis.
H. Number of Containers Rationale:
The rationale for the number of containers (vials or samplers) required for the field sample and the required
laboratory QC for each option is given as follows:
Option 1.
Rationale for Regular
Vials:
Rationale for QC
Vials:
1 vial for low-level analysis (water purge)
1 vial for backup low-level analysis
1 vial for medium-level analysis (methanol extraction)
2 vials for MS and MSD low-level analysis
2 vials for MS and MSD medium-level analysis
2 vials for backup (MS and MSD) low-level or medium-level analysis
B-4
FINAL July 2007
-------
Appendix B
Option 2.
Rationale for Regular 1 vial for low-level analysis (water purge)
Vials: 1 vial for back up low-level analysis
1 vial dry for medium-level analysis (methanol extraction)
Rationale for QC 2 vials for MS and MSD low-level analysis
Vials: 2 vials for MS and MSD medium-level analysis
2 vials for backup (MS and MSD) low-level or medium-level analysis
Medium-level: Methanol will be added in the laboratory
Analysis
Option 3.
Rationale for Regular 1 sampler for low-level analysis (water purge)
Samples: 1 sampler for back up low-level analysis
1 sampler for medium-level analysis (methanol extraction)
Rationale for QC 2 samplers for MS and MSD low-level analysis
Samples: 2 samplers for backup MS and MSD low-level analysis
2 samplers for MS and MSD medium-level analysis
2 samplers for backup MS and MSD medium-level analysis
Option 4a (NaHSO4 added in the field).
Rationale for Regular 1 vial with water for low-level analysis (water purge)
Vials: 1 vial with water for backup low-level analysis
1 vial dry for medium-level analysis (methanol extraction)
Rationale for QC 2 vials with water for MS and MSD low-level analysis
Vials: 2 vials dry for MS and MSD medium-level analysis
2 vials for backup (MS and MSD) low-level or medium-level analysis
Option 4b (NaHSO4 added in the laboratory).
Rationale for Regular 1 vial for low-level analysis (water purge)
Vials: 1 vial for backup low-level analysis
1 vial for medium-level analysis (methanol extraction)
Rationale for QC 2 vials for MS and MSD low-level analysis
Vials: 2 vials for MS and MSD medium-level analysis
2 vials for backup (MS and MSD) low-level or medium-level analysis
Option 5.
Rationale for Regular 1 vial for regular medium-level analysis
Samples: 1 vial for back up medium-level analysis
Rationale for QC 2 samples for MS and MSD
Samples: 2 samples for backup MS and MSD
FINAL July 2007 B-5
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Appendix B
Option 6.
In this option, all Regular and QC samples for both low-level and medium analysis are taken as subsamples
from the same container.
Rationale for Regular 1 glass jar for low-level analysis and medium-level analysis
Analysis 1 glass jar for backup low-level analysis and medium-level analysis
Rationale for 1 glass jar for low-level analysis and medium-level analysis
QC Analysis: 1 glass jar for backup low-level analysis and medium-level analysis
B-6 FINAL July 2007
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Appendix C
Appendix C: General CLP Sample Collection Guidelines
VOAs in Water
Regional guidance and/or specific Project Plan requirements will supersede the guidelines listed below.
Collect the following:
At least two 40 mL glass containers with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-lined septa and open top screw-caps that
are filled to capacity with no air bubbles, preserved to a pH of 2 with HC1, and cooled to 4°C (±2°C) immediately
after collection. DO NOT FREEZE THE SAMPLES.
If Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) analysis is requested, at least two additional 40 mL glass containers with PTFE-
lined septa and open top screw-caps that are filled to capacity with no air bubbles, preserved to a pH of 2 with HC1,
and cooled to 4°C (±2°C) immediately after collection.
Test for Carbonates, Residual Chlorine, Oxidants, and Sulfides:
It is very important that samplers obtain Regional guidance when testing and ameliorating for:
Carbonates;
Residual chlorine (e.g., municipal waters or industrial waste waters that are treated with chlorine prior to use or
discharge); or
Oxidants.
VOA samples containing carbonates react with the acid preservative causing effervescence (due to formation of
carbon dioxide), which can cause loss of volatile analytes.
Residual chlorine present in VOA samples can continue to react with dissolved organic matter. This continuous
reaction may lead to inaccurate quantitation of certain analytes present in the sample at the time of collection.
Residual chlorine and oxidants present in VOA samples can cause degradation of certain volatile analytes (e.g.,
styrene).
Perform the following for Pre-Preserved Vials:
1. Pour the sample slowly down the edge of the sample vial to avoid excess aeration or agitation of the sample during
filling.
2. Fill the vial completely so that a reverse (convex) meniscus is present and ensure that there are no air bubbles present
(either in the body or especially at the top of the vial).
3. Place the septum on the vial so that the PTFE side is in contact with the sample, and then firmly tighten the cap.
4. Gently flip the vial a few times to ensure that the sample is mixed with the acid preservative.
5. While holding the vial upright, gently tap the sample to check for air bubbles (either in the body or especially at the
top of the vial).
6. If air bubbles are present, discard the sample and select a new vial in which to recollect a new sample. Repeat Steps
1-5 above.
7. Do NOT mix or composite samples for VOAs.
8. Cool sample to a temperature of 4°C (±2°C). Samplers should begin the cooling process in the field as samples are
being collected. Double-bagged ice should be used. DO NOT FREEZE WATER SAMPLES.
9. Immediately transfer the vial to the sample shuttle (device that contains a "set" of VOA vials) once it has been
collected. Do NOT allow ice to touch the vials.
Perform the Following for Empty Vials:
1. Rinse the vial with sample water prior to actual sample collection and preservation.
Regions vary in their approach to pre-rinsing and/or re-using sample vials (e.g., some Regions do not
M»t* j1 recommend pre-rinsing and/or re-use of pre-cleaned containers using sample water). Be sure to follow
Regional guidance.
FINAL July 2007 C-1
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Appendix C
2. Add 1-2 mL of acid preservative to the vial. Check to ensure that the sample you are collecting requires a
preservative (follow Regional guidance).
3. Pour the sample slowly down the edge of the sample vial to avoid excess aeration and agitation of the sample.
4. Fill the vial completely so that a reverse (convex) meniscus is present and ensure that there are no air bubbles present
(either in the body or especially at the top of the vial).
5. Place the septum on the vial so that the PTFE side is in contact with the sample, and then firmly tighten the cap.
6. Gently flip the vial a few times to ensure that the sample is mixed with the acid preservative.
7. While holding the vial upright, gently tap the vial to check for air bubbles (either in the body or especially at the top
of the vial).
8. If air bubbles are present, discard the sample and recollect a new sample using the same sample vial. Repeat Steps 1
- 7 above.
9. Check the recollected sample for air bubbles. If air bubbles are present, additional sample water may be added to the
vial to eliminate air bubbles. If there are air bubbles after three consecutive attempts to eliminate air bubbles by the
addition of sample water, the entire sample and sample vial should be discarded and a new sample collected.
10. Do NOT mix or composite samples for VOAs.
11. Cool sample to a temperature of 4°C (±2°C). Samplers should begin the cooling process in the field as samples are
being collected. Double-bagged ice should be used. DO NOT FREEZE WATER SAMPLES.
12. Immediately transfer the vial to the sample shuttle (device which contains a "set" of VOA vials) once it has been
collected. Do NOT allow ice to touch the vials.
Things to Remember:
Samples must be shipped as soon as possible, preferably on the same day as sample collection to avoid exceeding
sample holding times. If overnight transit is not possible, samples should be maintained at 2 - 4°C until they are
shipped to the laboratory.
If samples are not preserved (a requirement for certain analytes), the technical holding time is shortened to 7 days.
C-2 FINAL July 2007
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Appendix D
Appendix D: Sampling Techniques and Considerations
During a sampling event, the sampler is expected to follow prescribed sampling techniques. The sampler should also be
aware of any special sampling considerations, contaminant issues, and sample compositing and mixing methods that could
affect their sampling efforts.
Regional guidance will take precedence over any of the techniques and considerations listed below.
D.I General Sampling Techniques
Information regarding surface water, sediment, soil, and groundwater sampling can be found in many documents
including, but not limited to, the following sources:
Compendium of ERT Surface Water and Sediment Sampling Procedures, EPA/540/P-91/005;
Compendium of ERT Soil Sampling and Surface Geophysics Procedures, EPA/540/P-91/006;
Compendium of ERT Groundwater Sampling Procedures, EPA/540/P-91/007;
Quality Assurance Sampling Plan for Environmental Response (QASPER) software, Version 4.1, ERT; and
Requirements for the Preparation of Sampling and Analysis Plans; United States Army Corps of Engineers,
February 1, 2001, EM 200-1-3.
When working with potentially hazardous materials, samplers should follow USEPA and OSHA requirements,
specific health and safety procedures, and DOT requirements.
D.2 Special Sampling Considerations
Samplers should refer to Regionally-developed SOPs to obtain specific procedures for properly collecting and
preserving samples in the field. For additional guidance regarding sampling for VOAs in soil and water, see
Appendices B and C. Samplers should obtain Regional guidance when testing and ameliorating for:
Carbonates in VOA soil and water;
Residual chlorine in VOA soil and water, or cyanide water;
Oxidants in VOA soil and water; or
Sulfides in cyanide.
D.3 Contaminant Sampling
Certain compounds can be detected in the parts-per-billion (ppb) and/or parts-per-trillion (ppt) range. Extreme care
MUST be taken to prevent cross-contamination of these samples. The following precautions should be taken when
trace contaminants are a concern:
Disposable gloves should be worn each time a different location is sampled.
When collecting both surface water and sediments, surface water samples should be collected first. This reduces
the chance of sediment dispersal into surface water, and the resulting loss of surface water sample integrity.
Sampling should occur in a progression from the least to the most contaminated area, if this information is
known to the sampling team.
Samplers should use equipment constructed of PTFE, stainless steel, or glass that has been properly pre-cleaned
for collection of samples for trace organic and/or inorganic analyses. Equipment constructed of plastic or
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) should NOT be used to collect samples for trace organic compound analyses.
Equipment constructed of stainless steel should NOT be used to collect samples for trace metals analysis.
D.4 Sample Compositing
Sample compositing is a site-specific activity that must be conducted according to the SAP. Compositing is typically
used for large sites under investigation to improve the precision (i.e., lower the variance) of the estimated average
contaminant concentrations. Samples for VOA analysis should NOT be composited to minimize loss of
VOAs/analytes.
FINAL July 2007 D-1
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Appendix D
Composite samples consist of a series of discrete grab samples that are mixed together to characterize the average
composition of a given material. The discrete samples are usually of equal volume, but may be weighted to reflect an
increased flow or volume. Regardless, all discrete samples must be collected in an identical manner and the number
of grab samples forming a composite should be consistent. There are several compositing techniques that may be
required such as:
Flow-proportioned - Collected proportional to the flow rate during the compositing period by either a time-
varying/constant volume or a time-constant/varying volume method. This technique is usually associated
with wastewater or storm water runoff sampling.
Time - Composed of a varying number of discrete samples collected at equal time intervals during the
compositing period. This technique is typically used to sample wastewater and streams, and in some air
sampling applications.
Area! - Collected from individual grab samples collected in an area or on a cross-sectional basis. Areal
composites are comprised of equal volumes of grab samples where all grabs are collected in an identical
manner. This technique is typically used for estimating average contaminant concentrations in soils or
sediments. This technique is useful when contaminants are present in nugget form (i.e., TNT chunks, lead
shot, etc.), thus exhibiting large differences in concentration over a small sample area.
Vertical - Collected from individual grab samples but taken from a vertical cross section. Vertical composites
are comprised of equal volumes of grab samples where all grab samples are collected in an identical manner.
Examples would include vertical profiles of a soil borehole or sediment columns.
Volume - Collected from discrete samples whose aliquot volumes are proportional to the volume of sampled
material. Volume composites are usually associated with hazardous waste bulking operations where the
sample represents combined or bulked waste.
When compositing solid samples (i.e., sediment, soil, or sludge) for analysis of compounds present in trace quantities,
use a stainless steel or PTFE bowl and spatula.
D.5 Sample Mixing and Homogenizing
Mixing of the sample for the remaining parameters is necessary to create a representative sample media. It is
extremely important that solid samples be mixed as thoroughly as possible to ensure that the sample is as
representative as possible of the sample location. Please refer to the project-specific SAP regarding instructions on
removal of any extraneous materials (e.g., leaves, sticks, rocks, etc.). The mixing technique will depend on the
physical characteristics of the solid material (e.g., particle size, moisture content, etc.). The mixing container should
be large enough to hold the sample volume and accommodate the procedures without spilling. Both the mixing
container (generally a bowl or tray) and the mixing implement should be properly decontaminated before use.
Samples should be homogenized according to procedures listed in the project-specific SAP.
Samples for VOA analysis should not be mixed to minimize loss of volatile analytes.
Table D-l provides a short procedure for mixing a soil sample with a small particle size (less than 1/4 in) and filling
sample containers in the field.
Table D-l. Mixing a Sample and Filling Sample Containers
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Action
Roll the contents of the compositing container to the middle of the container and mix.
Quarter the sample and move to the sides of the container.
Mix each quarter individually, then combine and mix OPPOSITE quarters, then roll to the middle of the container.
Mix the sample once more, and then quarter the sample again.
Mix each quarter individually, then combine and mix ADJACENT corners, then roll to the middle of the container. The
goal is to achieve a consistent physical appearance before sample containers are filled.
Flatten piled material into an oblong shape.
Using a flat-bottomed scoop, collect a strip of soil across the entire width of the short axis and place it into a
container.
sample
Repeat Step 7 at evenly-spaced intervals until the sample containers are filled.
Record the approximate quantity of each subsample in the field log book.
D-2 FINAL July 2007
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Appendix E
Appendix E: Sampling Checklists
Appendix E-1: Personnel Preparation Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
Personnel Briefing
1 . Did you review sampling team responsibilities and identify individual(s) responsible
for corrective actions?
2. Did you ensure that you have met the appropriate personal safety and protection
requirements?
3. Did you identify sampling locations and receive permission to access them, as
appropriate?
4. Did you contact the appropriate utility companies PRIOR to the start of sampling?
By law, utility companies must be contacted prior to the start of
Not«j| digging/sampling so that any underground utilities (gas lines, water lines,
1 electrical lines, etc.) can be marked. A list of one-call centers for each state
may be found at: http://www.diqsafelv.com/contacts.htm.
5. If sampling on private property, do you have sample receipts to provide to the
property owner for all samples taken and removed from the property?
6. Have you determined the number and type of samples to be collected?
7. Did you review sample collection methods?
8. Have you reviewed sample container requirements?
9. Did you review decontamination requirements, procedures, and locations?
1 0 . Did you determine holding times and conditions?
1 1 . Did you determine Performance Evaluation (PE) and Quality Control (QC) sample
requirements?
12. Have you obtained shipping cooler temperature blanks, if required?
1 3 . Did you review sample label and tag requirements?
14. Did you review Traffic Report/Chain of Custody (TR/COC) Record and custody seal
requirements?
1 5 . Have you obtained the laboratory name, shipping addresses, and telephone number?
16. Did you review cooler return instructions?
17. Have you obtained shipping company information (name, telephone number,
account number, pickup schedule)?
18. Have you obtained shipping schedules?
19. Did you review shipment reporting requirements and the appropriate contact names
and telephone numbers for reporting?
20. Have you included any sampler comments regarding sampling issues (e.g., low
volumes, matrix, suspected concentrations based on field measurements)?
Yes
No
Comments:
FINAL July 2007
E-1
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Appendix E
Appendix E-2: General Sample Collection Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
General Sample Collection
1. Did you identify and mark the sampling location with buoys, flags, or stakes
according to the sampling plans, maps, and grids?
2. If the sampling location is inaccessible, did you contact the appropriate field or
Regional personnel for instructions?
3. Did you use the correct sampling equipment?
4. Did you follow the correct decontamination procedures?
5 . Did you follow the correct collection procedures?
6. Did you use the correct sample containers for each sample collected?
7. Did you collect the correct volume for each sample?
8. Did you collect the correct type of sample, including primary samples and Quality
Control (QC) samples?
9. Did you properly preserve each sample collected?
10. Did you correctly document and label each sample with all necessary information?
^T*% Under no circumstances should the site name appear on any
L 1 j documentation being sent to the laboratory.
11. If sampling on private property, did you provide a sample receipt to the owner of the
property for all samples taken and removed from the property?
Yes
No
Comments:
E-2
FINAL July 2007
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Appendix E
Appendix E-3: Completing Field Logbook Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
Completing Field Logbook
1 . Did you use waterproof ink when writing in the field logbook?
2. Did you document sampling project information such as:
Project name, ID, and location;
Names of samplers;
Geological observations, including maps;
Atmospheric conditions;
Field measurements; and
Sampling dates, times, and locations?
**F% Under no circumstances should the site name appear on any
\xly documentation being sent to the laboratory.
3. Did you record sampling activity information such as:
Sampling dates and times;
Sample identifications;
Sample matrices;
Sample descriptions (e.g., odors and/or colors);
Number of samples taken;
Sampling methods/equipment; and
Description of QC samples?
4. Did you document any and all deviations from the sampling plan?
5. Did you document any and all difficulties in sampling and/or any unusual
circumstances?
6. Were all errors corrected by crossing a line through the error, initialing the error,
dating the error, and then adding the correct information?
Yes
No
Comments:
FINAL July 2007
E-3
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Appendix E
Appendix E-4: Completing Handwritten Sample Labels Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
Completing Handwritten Sample Labels
1 . Did the Region provide CLP Sample Numbers and SMO-assigned Case Numbers?
2. If additional CLP Sample Numbers were needed, did you contact the appropriate
Regional personnel?
3. Were the CLP Sample Numbers and SMO-assigned Case Numbers on the labels
correct? Organic CLP Sample Numbers begin with the Regional letter code,
followed by letters and numbers. Inorganic CLP Sample Numbers begin with
"M", followed by the Regional letter code, and then letters and numbers.
|"J3^B The following characters are not used in generating CLP Sample
Nttolrf Numbers and should never appear on any paperwork send to the
l_jj laboratory: I; O; U; and V. Also, the last character of a CLP Sample
Number will never be a letter.
4. Were samples uniquely numbered and designated to only one sample?
1 I Samples collected for total metal and dissolved metal analyses must
Note J receive separate, unique, CLP Sample Numbers.
5. Were Quality Control (QC) samples numbered accordingly?
6. Were the specific requirements followed for total and dissolved metals analysis,
QC and Performance Evaluation (PE) samples, and SW-846 Method 5035A?
7. Were all temperature blanks labeled with "TEMPERATURE BLANK"?
8. Was a sample label containing the CLP Sample Number, SMO-assigned Case
Number, location, concentration, preservative, and the fraction/analysis, attached to
each sample bottle or container as the sample was collected?
^XS^ Under no circumstances should the site name appear on any
f J documentation being sent to the laboratory.
9. Was clear tape placed over the sample labels to protect the labels from moisture
and to help the labels adhere to the sample bottle?
10. Were all errors corrected by crossing a line through the error, initialing the error,
dating the error, and then adding the correct information?
Yes
No
Comments:
E-4
FINAL July 2007
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Appendix E
Appendix E-5: Completing Handwritten Sample Tags & Custody Seals Checklists
(Page 1 of 1)
Completing Handwritten Sample Tags
1 . Was waterproof ink used on the sample tags?
2. If Regionally required for individual sample containers, was the project code on the
sample tag completed?
3. Was the station number on the sample tag completed?
4 Was the date filled in using the format MM/DD/YYYY?
5. Was the time of sample collection indicated in military time format HH:MM?
6. Was the box checked indicating composite or grab sample?
7. Was the station location on the sample tag completed?
8. Did you indicate whether or not the sample was preserved by checking "yes" or
"no?"
9. Was the appropriate analysis indicated on the sample tag?
10. Were the appropriate CLP Sample Number and SMO-assigned Case Number
indicated and cross-referenced with the numbers on the sample label?
1 1 . Did you sign the sample tags?
12 Did you attach the sample tag to the neck of the sample bottle with striang, stretch
string, or wire (recommended method)?
[1 "\ Do NOT use wire to attach a sample tag to a metal sample.
13. Were all errors corrected by crossing a line through the error, initialing the error,
dating the error, and then adding the correct information?
Completing Custody Seals
1 . Did you sign and date the custody seal?
2. Did you attach a completed custody seal to the sample bottle, container, or plastic
bag, placing the seal over the cap or lid of each sample bottle or container or on the
bag opening such that it will be broken if the sample bottle, container, or bag is
opened or tampered with?
3. As appropriate, did you attach the completed custody seal to the sample shipping
container or cooler, placing the seal such that it will be broken if the container or
cooler is opened or tampered with?
4. Were all errors corrected by crossing a line through the error, initialing the error,
dating the error, and then adding the correct information?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Comments:
Comments:
FINAL July 2007
E-5
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Appendix E
Appendix E-6: Packing Sample Container Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
Packing Sample Container
1. Did you follow all State, Federal, Department of Transportation (DOT), and
International Air Transportation Association (IATA) regulations governing the
packaging of environmental and hazardous samples?
IpH
Nol* 1 If samples contain methanol preservation (e.g., samples to be analyzed by SW-
1 "* 846 Method 5035A), refer to the packaging instructions in Appendix A.
2. Were all CLP Sample Numbers, SMO-assigned Case Numbers, fractions/analyses,
labels, tags, and custody seals attached to the correct sample containers?
3. Was an inventory conducted of CLP Sample Numbers, SMO-assigned Case
Numbers, fractions/analyses, and containers, and verified against the TR/COC
Records?
4. Were the correct number and type of Performance Evaluation (PE) and Quality
Control (QC) samples collected?
5. Were all sample containers sealed in clear plastic bags with the sample label and tag
visible through the packaging?
6. Were all soil/sediment samples known to contain dioxin securely enclosed in metal
cans (e.g., paint cans) with the lids sealed?
7. Was suitable absorbent packing material placed around the sample bottles or
containers?
8. Were the outsides of metal containers labeled properly with the CLP Sample
Number, SMO-assigned Case Number, and the fraction/analysis of the sample
inside?
Yes
No
Comments:
E-6
FINAL July 2007
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Appendix E
Appendix E-7: Packing Shipping Container Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
Packing Shipping Container
1 . Were you shipping samples in a clean waterproof metal or hard plastic ice chest or
cooler in good condition?
2. Were all non-applicable labels from previous shipments removed from the container?
3. Were all inside and outside drain plugs closed and covered with suitable tape (e.g.,
duct tape)?
4. Was the inside of the cooler lined with plastic (e.g., large heavy-duty garbage bag)?
5. Was the lined shipping cooler packed with noncombustible absorbent packing
material?
6. Were sample containers placed in the cooler in an upright position not touching one
another?
7. Was a sample shipping cooler temperature blank included in the cooler?
8. Did the documentation in the cooler only address the samples in that cooler?
9. Was the site name absent from all documentation?
/^'"\ Under no circumstances should the site name appear on any
K i J documentation being sent to the laboratory.
10. Was there sufficient packing material around and in between the sample bottles and
cans to avoid breakage during transport?
11. If required, was double-bagged ice placed on top and around sample bottles to keep
the samples cold at 4°C (± 2° C)?
IE1
Do Not Pack Loose Ice Into the Cooler!
12. Was the top of the plastic liner fastened and secured with tape?
13. Was a completed custody seal placed around the top of the fastened plastic liner (if
required by the Region)?
14. Were all sample documents enclosed within the cooler (e.g., TR/COC Record and
cooler return instructions) in a waterproof plastic bag?
15. Was the plastic bag, containing the documentation, taped to the underside of the
cooler lid?
16. Were cooler return instructions and airbills, if required, taped to the underside of the
cooler lid?
17. Was the return address of the cooler written with permanent ink on the underside of
the cooler lid?
1 8 . Was tape placed around the outside of the entire cooler and over the hinges?
19. Were the completed custody seals placed over the top edge of the cooler so the cooler
cannot be opened without breaking the seals?
20. Was the return address label attached to the top left comer of the cooler lid?
21. Were instructional labels attached to the top of the cooler, as necessary (e.g., "This
End Up," "Do Not Tamper With," or "Environmental Laboratory Samples")?
22. If shipping hazardous samples, were the correct labels attached to the cooler (e.g.,
"Flammable Liquids", "Caution", or "Poison")?
23. If shipping samples containing methanol as a preservative (e.g., samples to be
analyzed by SW-846 Method 5035A), was a label used to indicate methanol, the
United Nations (UN) identification number for methanol (UN 1230), and Limited
Quantity?
Yes
No
Comments:
FINAL July 2007
E-7
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Appendix E
Appendix E-8: Shipping & Reporting CLP Samples Checklist
(Page 1 of 1)
Shipping CLP Samples
1. Did you follow all State, Federal, Department of Transportation (DOT), and
International Air Transportation Association (IATA) regulations governing the
shipment of environmental and hazardous samples?
2. Was a separate airbill filled out for each cooler being shipped?
3. Was the airbill filled out completely, including correct laboratory name, address, and
telephone number, identification of recipient as "Sample Custodian," and appropriate
delivery option (e.g., overnight or Saturday)?
4. Was the completed airbill attached to the top of the cooler with the correct laboratory
address?
5. If more than one cooler was being shipped to the same laboratory, were they marked
as"l of 2," "2 of 2," etc.?
6. Were the samples being shipped "overnight" through a qualified commercial carrier?
Reporting CLP Samples
1 . Did you contact the Contract Laboratory Program Sample Management Office (SMO)
on the same day samples were shipped?
2. If the samples were shipped after 5:00 PM Eastern Time (ET), were they reported to
the RSCC (or designee) or to SMO by 8:00 AM ET the following business day?
3 . Did you notify the RSCC (or designee) or SMO so that SMO will receive the delivery
information by 3:00 PM ET on Friday for sample shipments that will be delivered to
the laboratory on Saturday?
4. Did you provide the RSCC (or designee) or SMO with:
Your name, phone number, and Region number;
Case Number of the project;
Exact number of samples, matrix(ces), concentrations), and type of analysis;
Laboratory(ies) to which the samples were shipped;
Carrier name and airbill number;
Date of shipment;
Date of next shipment; and
Any other information pertinent to the shipment?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Comments:
Comments:
E-8
FINAL July 2007
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Appendix F
Appendix F: Glossary
Analyte - The element, compound, or ion that is determined in an analytical procedure; the substance or chemical
constituent of interest.
Analytical Services Branch (ASB) - Directs the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) from within the United States
Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) in
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).
Aroclor ~ Fob/chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to
biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12H10.XC1X. PCBs, commercially produced as complex mixtures containing
multiple isomers at different degrees of chlorination, were marketed in North America under the trade name Aroclor.
Case - A finite, usually predetermined, number of samples collected over a given time period from a particular site. Case
Numbers are assigned by the Sample Management Office (SMO). A Case consists of one or more Sample Delivery Groups
(SDGs).
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Initiated in December 1980,
CERCLA provided broad federal authority to respond directly to the release or possible release or hazardous substances
that may endanger human health or the environment. CERCLA also established a trust fund to provide for cleanup when
no responsible party could be identified; hence CERCLA is commonly referred to as "Superfund".
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) ~ A national program of commercial laboratories under contract to support the
USEPA's nationwide efforts to clean up designated hazardous waste sites by providing a range of chemical analytical
services to produce environmental data of known and documented quality. This program is directed by USEPA's
Analytical Services Branch (ASB).
Contract Laboratory Program Project Officer (CLP PO) - Monitors technical performance of the contract laboratories
in each Region.
Contract Laboratory Program Sample Management Office (CLP SMO) ~ A contractor-operated facility operated
under the CLP, awarded and administered by the USEPA, which provides necessary management, operations, and
administrative support to the CLP. SMO coordinates and schedules sample analyses, tracks sample shipments and
analyses, receives and tracks data for completeness and compliance, and processes laboratory invoices.
Custody Seal ~ An adhesive label or tape that is used to seal a sample bottle or container that maintains chain-of-custody
and that will break if the sample bottle or container is opened or tampered with.
Cyanide (Total) ~ Cyanide ion and complex cyanides converted to hydrocyanic acid (HCN) by reaction in a reflux system
of a mineral acid in the presence of magnesium ion.
Data Quality Objective (DQO) - The requirements established to maintain the quality of the data being collected.
Data Validation ~ Data validation is based on Region-defined criteria and limits, professional judgment of the data
validator, and (if available) the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) and Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP).
Equipment Blank ~ A sample used to check field decontamination procedures. See Field Blank.
Field Blank - Any blank sample that is submitted from the field. Each field blank is assigned its own unique USEPA
Sample Number. A Field Blank checks for cross-contamination during sample collection, sample shipment, and in the
laboratory. A field blank includes trip blanks, rinsates, equipment blanks, etc.
Field Duplicate - Checks reproducibility of laboratory and field procedures and indicates non-homogeneity.
Field Operations Reporting Management System (FORMS) II Lite ~ A stand-alone, Windows-based software
application that enables samplers to automatically create and generate sample documentation both prior to and during a
sampling event.
Field QC Sample ~ Used to detect for contamination or error in the field.
Field Sample ~ Primary sample material taken out in the field from which other samples, such as duplicates or split
samples are derived. A field sample can be prepared in the field and sent for analysis in one or multiple containers, and is
identified by a unique EPA Sample Number.
Field Sampling Plan (FSP) ~ Developed to outline the actual steps and requirements pertaining to a particular sampling
event, and explains, in detail, each component of the event to all involved samplers.
FINAL July 2007 FT
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Appendix F
Holding Time - The elapsed time expressed in hours, days, or months from the date of collection of the sample until the
date of its analysis.
Contractual ~ The lengths of time that the CLP laboratory must follow to comply with the terms of the contract,
and are described in the CLP analytical services Statements of Work (SOWs).
Technical ~ The maximum lengths of time that samples may be held from time of collection to time of
preparation and/or analysis and still be considered valid.
Laboratory Blank ~ See Method Blank.
Laboratory Duplicate ~ A sample required by the laboratory's contract to check the precision of inorganic analyses.
Laboratory QC Sample ~ An additional volume of an existing sample, as required by the laboratory's contract, used to
detect contamination or error in the laboratory's practices.
Matrix ~ The predominant material of which a sample to be analyzed is composed.
Matrix Spike (MS) ~ Sample required by the laboratory's contract to check the accuracy of organic and inorganic
analyses. It is an aliquot of a sample (water or soil) that is fortified (spiked) with known quantities of a specific compound
and subjected to the entire analytical procedure. See Matrix Spike Duplicate.
Matrix Spike Duplicate (MSD) ~ Sample required by the laboratory's contract to check the accuracy and precision of
organic analyses. It is a second aliquot of the same matrix as the Matrix Spike (MS) that is spiked to determine the
precision of the method. See Matrix Spike.
Method Blank ~ An analytical control consisting of all reagents, internal standards and surrogate standards [or System
Monitoring Compounds (SMCs) for volatile organic analysis], that is carried throughout the entire analytical procedure.
The method blank is used to define the level of laboratory, background, and reagent contamination, also referred to as
laboratory blank when defining the level of laboratory contamination.
Performance Evaluation (PE) Sample - A sample of known composition provided by the USEPA for contractor
analysis. Used by USEPA to evaluate contractor performance.
Pesticides ~ Substances intended to repel, kill, or control any species designated a "pest", including weeds, insects,
rodents, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms. Under the CLP, only organochlorine pesticides are analyzed (e.g., DDT,
Dieldrin, Endrin, etc.).
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) ~ A group of toxic, persistent chemicals used in electrical transformers and capacitors
for insulating purposes, and in gas pipeline systems as a lubricant. The sale and new use of PCBs were banned by law in
1979.
Quality Assurance (QA) ~ An integrated system of management activities involving planning, implementation,
assessment, reporting, and quality improvement to ensure that a process, item, or service is of the type and quality needed
and expected by the customer.
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) ~ Document written to meet requirements outlined in the document EPA
Guidance for Quality Assurance Project Plans (EPA QA/R-5). Prepared in advance of field activities and used by
samplers to develop any subsequent plans such as the Sampling Analysis Plan (SAP) or the Field Sampling Plan (FSP).
Quality Control (QC) ~ The overall system of technical activities that measures the attributes and performance of a
process, item, or service against defined standards to verify that they meet the stated requirements established by the
customer; operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for quality.
Regional Sample Control Center (RSCC) Coordinator ~ In most Regions, coordinates sampling efforts and serves as
the central point-of-contact for sampling questions and problems. Also assists in coordinating the level of Regional
sampling activities to correspond with the monthly projected demand for analytical services.
Regional Site Manager ~ Coordinates the development of data quality objectives and oversees project-specific remedial or
removal contractors, State officials, or private parties conducting site sampling efforts.
Rinse Blank ~ A sample used to check decontamination procedures. Also see Field Blank.
Routine Analytical Service (RAS) ~ The standard inorganic and organic analyses available through the CLP.
Sample - A discrete portion of material to be analyzed that is contained in single or multiple containers, and identified by a
unique Sample Number.
"F-2FINAL July 2007
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Appendix F
Sample Delivery Group (SDG) - A unit within a sample Case that is used to identify a group of samples for delivery. An
SDG is defined by the following, whichever is most frequent:
Each Case of field samples received; or
Each 20 field samples (excluding PE samples) within a Case; or
Each 7 calendar day period (3 calendar day period for 7-day turnaround) during which field samples in a Case are
received (said period beginning with the receipt of the first sample in the SDG).
In addition, all samples and/or sample fractions assigned to an SDG must have been scheduled under the same contractual
turnaround time. Preliminary Results have no impact on defining the SDG. Sample may be assigned to SDGs by matrix
(e.g., all soil samples in one SDG, all water samples in another) at the discretion of the laboratory.
Sample Label ~ An identification label attached to a sample bottle or container to identify the sample.
Sample Number ~ A unique number used to identify and track a sample. This number can be recorded on a sample label
or written on the sample bottle or container using indelible ink.
Sample Tag ~ A tag attached to a sample that identifies the sample and maintains chain-of-custody.
Sampling Analysis Plan (SAP) ~ A document that explains how samples are to be collected and analyzed for a particular
sampling event.
Semivolatile Organic Analyte (SVGA) ~ A compound amenable to analysis by extraction of the sample using an organic
solvent.
Statement of Work (SOW) ~ A document that specifies how laboratories analyze samples under a particular Contract
Laboratory Program (CLP) analytical program.
Superfund ~ The program operated under the legislative authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) that funds and
carries out USEPA removal and remedial activities at hazardous waste sites. These activities include establishing the
National Priorities List (NPL), investigating sites for inclusion on the list, determining their priority, and conducting and/or
supervising cleanup and other remedial actions.
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) ~ The 1986 amendment to the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Traffic Report/Chain of Custody (TR/COC) Record ~ A record that is functionally similar to a packing slip that
accompanies a shipment of goods. Used as physical evidence of sample custody and functions as a permanent record for
each sample collected.
Trip Blank ~ A sample used to check for contamination during sample handling and shipment from field to laboratory.
Also see Field Blank.
Volatile Organic Analyte (VGA) ~ A compound amenable to analysis by the purge-and-trap technique. Used
synonymously with the term purgeable compound.
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Appendix F
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F-4 FINAL July 2007
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