Environmental Technology Verification Baghouse Filtration Products GE Energy QG061 Filtration Media (Tested September 2008) Prepared by RTI International ETS Incorporated HRTI INTERNATIONAL Under a Cooperative Agreement with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM E INTERNATIONAL U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ETV Joint Verification Statement TECHNOLOGY TYPE: APPLICATION: BAGHOUSE FILTRATION PRODUCTS CONTROL OF PM2 5 EMISSIONS BY BAGHOUSE FILTRATION PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY NAME: QG061 Filtration Media COMPANY: GE Energy ADDRESS: WEB SITE: E-MAIL: 417 SE Thompson Drive Lee's Summit, MO 64082 http://www.ge.com Alan.smithies@ge.com PHONE: FAX: (816)356-8400 (816) 246-1183 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through performance verification and dissemination of information. The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies. The ETV Program seeks to achieve this goal by providing high-quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those involved in the design, distribution, financing, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies. The ETV Program works in partnership with recognized standards and testing organizations; stakeholder groups, which consist of buyers, vendor organizations, permitters, and other interested parties; and with the full participation of individual technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer- reviewed reports. All evaluations are conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance (QA) protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate quality are generated and that the results are defensible. ------- The Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) is operated by RTI International* (RTI), in cooperation with EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. The APCT Center evaluates the performance of baghouse filtration products (BFPs) used primarily to control PM25 emissions (i.e., particles 2.5 urn and smaller in aerodynamic diameter). This verification statement summarizes the test results for GE Energy's QG061 filtration media. VERIFICATION TEST DESCRIPTION All tests were performed in accordance with the APCT Center draft Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products, available at http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/05_vp_bfp.pdf The protocol is based on and describes modifications to the equipment and procedures described in Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 3926, Part 2, Testing of Filter Media for Cleanable Filters under Operational Conditions, December 1994. The VDI document is available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany. The protocol also includes requirements for quality management and QA, procedures for product selection, auditing of the test laboratories, and test reporting format. Outlet particle concentrations from a test fabric were measured with an impactor equipped with appropriate substrates to filter and measure PM25 within the dust flow. Outlet particle concentrations were determined by weighing the mass increase of dust collected in each impactor filter stage and dividing by the gas volumetric flow through the impactor. Particle size was measured while injecting the test dust into the air upstream of the baghouse filter sample. The test dust was dispersed into the flow using a brush-type dust feeder. The particle size distributions in the air were determined both upstream and downstream of the test filter fabric to provide accurate results for penetration through the test filter of PM2s. All tests were performed using a constant 18.4 ± 3.6 g/dscm (8.0 ± 1.6 gr/dscf) loading rate, a 120 ± 6.0 m/h (6.6 ± 0.3 fpm) filtration velocity [identical to gas-to-cloth ratio (G/C**)], and aluminum oxide test dust with a measured mass mean aerodynamic diameter maximum of 1.5 um (average of three impactor runs). All baghouse filtration products are tested in their initial (i.e., clean) condition. Each of the three test runs consisted of the following segments: • Conditioning period—10,000 rapid-pulse cleaning cycles • Recovery period—30 normal-pulse cleaning cycles • Performance test period—6-hour filter fabric test period with impactor. VERIFIED TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION GE Energy provided the following information about their product. The QG061 filtration media is a woven glass substrate with an expanded, microporous membrane thermally laminated to the filtration/dust cake surface. This product is traditionally converted into filter bags and used to capture fine particulate in many hot gas filtration applications. Figure 1 is a photograph of the fabric. Sample material was received as nine 46 x 91 cm (18x36 in.) swatches marked with the manufacturer's model number, year and month of manufacture, and cake side. Three of the swatches were selected at random for preparing three test specimens 150 mm (5.9 in.) in diameter. * RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. "Filtration velocity and gas-to-cloth ratio are used interchangeably and are defined as the gas flow rate divided by the surface area of the cloth. ------- nergy PC* QG061 Woven Glass w/expanded microporous membrane Figure 1. Photograph of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media. VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE Verification testing of the GE Energy QG061 filtration media was performed during the period of September 15, 2008 to September 19, 2008 for standard test conditions at the test facility of ETS Incorporated, 1401 Municipal Road NW, Roanoke, VA 24012. Test conditions are listed in Table 1. The overall test results summarized in Table 2 represent the averages of three individual tests. The APCT Center quality manager has reviewed the test results and the quality control data and has concluded that the data quality objectives given in the generic verification protocol and test/QA plan have been attained. This verification statement addresses five aspects of filter fabric performance: filter outlet PM2s concentration, filter outlet total mass concentration, pressure drop, filtration cycle time, and mass gain on the filter fabric. Users may wish to consider other performance parameters, such as temperature, service life, and cost when selecting a filter fabric for their application. ------- Table 1. Test Conditions for Baghouse Filtration Products Brand/Model: GE Energy's QG061 Filtration Media Test Parameter Dust concentration Filtration velocity (G/C) Pressure loss before cleaning Tank pressure Valve opening time Air temperature Relative humidity Total raw gas stream flow rate Sample gas stream flow rate Number of cleaning cycles During conditioning period During recovery period Performance test duration Value 18.4 ± 3.6 g/dscm (8.0 ± 1 .6 gr/dscf) 120±6m/h(6.6±0.3fpm) 1, 000 ±12 Pa (4 ±0.05 in. w.g.) 0.5 ± 0.03 MPa (75 ± 5 psi) 50 ± 5 ms 25 ± 2°C (77 ± 4°F) 50 ± 1 0% 5.8 ± 0.3 m3/h (3.4 ± 0.2 cfm) 1.13 ± 0.06 m3/h (0.67 ± 0.03 cfm) 10,000 cycles 30 cycles 6h±1 s Table 2. Baghouse Filtration Product Three-Run Average Test Results for GE Energy's Fabric QG061 Filtration Media Verification Parameter Outlet particle concentration at standard conditions3 PM25, g/dscm (gr/dscf) Total mass, g/dscmb (gr/dscf) Average residual pressure drop (AP), cm w.g. (in. w.g.) Initial residual AP, cm w.g. (in. w.g.) Residual AP increase, cm w.g. (in. w.g.) Filtration cycle time, s Mass gain of test sample filter, g (gr) Number of cleaning cycles At Verification Test Conditions <0. 0000167° (<0. 0000073) <0. 0000167 (<0. 0000073) 3.02(1.19) 2.97(1.17) 0.11 (0.04) 187 0.12(1.85) 115 a Standard conditions: 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) and 20°C (68°F). One or more of the impactor substrate weight changes for these results were near the reproducibility of the balance. b Total mass includes the mass of PM2 5 and larger particles that passed through the fabric. meter. The detection limit is for a six-hour test and based on VDI 3926. ------- In accordance with the generic verification protocol, this verification statement is applicable to filter media manufactured between the signature date of the verification statement and three years thereafter. sisnedbv Sally Gutierrez 06/15/2009 sisned by Jenia Tufts 06/09/2009 Sally Gutierrez Date Jenia Tufts Date Director Director National Risk Management Research Laboratory Air Pollution Control Technology Center Office of Research and Development RTI International United States Environmental Protection Agency NOTICE: ETV verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA and RTI make no express or implied warranties as to the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Mention of commercial product names does not imply endorsement. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report Baghouse Filtration Products GE Energy QG061 Filtration Media (Tested September 2008) Prepared by RTI International ETS Incorporated EPA Cooperative Agreement CR 831911-01 EPA Project Manager Michael Kosusko Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 May 2009 ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 Notice This document was prepared by RTI International* (RTI) and its subcontractor ETS Incorporated (ETS) with partial funding from Cooperative Agreement No. CR 831911-01 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The document has been subjected to RTI/EPA's peer and administrative reviews and has been approved for publication. Mention of corporation names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use of specific products. RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 Foreword The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program, established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is designed to accelerate the development and commercialization of new or improved technologies through third-party verification and reporting of performance. The goal of the ETV Program is to verify the performance of commercially ready environmental technologies through the evaluation of objective and quality-assured data in order to provide potential purchasers and permitters an independent, credible assessment of the technology that they are buying or permitting. The Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) is part of the EPA's ETV Program and is operated as a partnership between RTI International (RTI) and EPA. The APCT Center verifies the performance of commercially ready air pollution control technologies. Verification tests use approved protocols, and verified performance is reported in verification statements signed by EPA and RTI officials. RTI contracts with ETS Incorporated (ETS) to perform verification tests on baghouse filtration products, including filter media. Baghouses are air pollution control devices used to control particulate emissions from stationary sources and are among the technologies evaluated by the APCT Center. The APCT Center developed (and EPA approved) the Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products to provide guidance on these verification tests. The following report reviews the performance of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media. ETV testing of this technology was conducted during September 2008 at ETS. All testing was performed in accordance with an approved test/quality assurance plan that implements the requirements of the generic verification protocol at the test laboratory. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 Availability of Verification Statement and Report Copies of this verification report are available from the following: • RTI International Engineering and Technology Unit P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (E343-02) 109 T. W. Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/etv/vt-apc.html (electronic copies) in ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 Table of Contents Page Notice i Foreword ii Availability of Verification Statement and Report iii List of Figures v List of Tables v List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vi Acknowledgments viii 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Verification Test Description 2 2.1 Description ofthe Test Rig and Methodology 2 2.2 Selection of Filtration Sample for Testing 4 2.3 Control Tests 4 2.4 Analysis 5 3.0 Description of Filter Fabric 7 4.0 Verification of Performance 8 4.1 Quality Assurance 8 4.2 Results 8 4.3 Limitations and Applications 9 5.0 References 10 IV ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 List of Figures Page Figure 1. Diagram of filtration efficiency media analyzer test apparatus 3 Figure 2. Photograph of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media 7 List of Tables Table 1. Summary of Control Test Results 5 Table 2. Summary of Verification Results for GE Energy's Fabric QG061 Filtration Media 9 ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms APCT Center Air Pollution Control Technology Center BFP baghouse filtration product cfm cubic feet per minute cm centimeters cm w.g. centimeters of water gauge dia. diameter AP pressure drop dscmh dry standard cubic meters per hour EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ETS ETS Incorporated ETV Environmental Technology Verification FEMA filtration efficiency media analyzer fprn feet per minute g grams g/dscm grams per dry standard cubic meter g/m3 grams per cubic meter G/C gas-to-cloth ratio (filtration velocity) gr grains gr/dscf grains per dry standard cubic foot h hours in. inches in. w.g. inches of water gauge kPa kilopascals m meters VI ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 m/h meters per hour m3/h cubic meters per hour mbar millibars min. minutes mm millimeters Mpa megapascals ms milliseconds NA not applicable Pa pascals PM particulate matter PM2 5 particulate matter 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter or smaller psi pounds per square inch psia pounds per square inch absolute QA quality assurance QC quality control RTI RTI International s seconds scf standard cubic feet t time VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure w.g. water gauge um micrometers °C degrees Celsius °F degrees Fahrenheit vn ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the support of all those who helped plan and conduct the verification activities. In particular, we would like to thank Michael Kosusko, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) project officer, and Paul Groff, EPA's quality manager, both of EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the assistance and participation of GE Energy personnel who supported the test effort. For more information on GE Energy's Woven Glass, contact the following: Alan Smithies GE Energy 417 SE Thompson Drive Lee's Summit, MO 64082 (816)356-8400 alan.smithies@ge.com For more information on verification testing of baghouse filtration products, contact the following: Jenia Tufts RTI International P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 (919)485-2698 jtufts@rti.org Vlll ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report reviews the pressure drop (AP) and filtration performance of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media. Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) testing of this technology/product was conducted during a series of tests in September 2008 by ETS Incorporated (ETS), under contract with the Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center). The objective of the APCT Center and the ETV Program is to verify, with high data quality, the performance of air pollution control technologies. Control of fine-particle emissions from various industrial and electric utility sources employing baghouse control technology is within the scope of the APCT Center. An APCT Center program area was designed by RTI International (RTI) and a technical panel of experts to evaluate the performance of particulate filters for fine-particle (i.e., PM2 5) emission control. Based on the activities of this technical panel, the Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products was developed. This protocol was chosen as the best guide to verify the filtration performance of baghouse filtration products (BFPs). The specific test/quality assurance (QA) plan for the ETV test of the technology was developed and approved in May 2000, followed by an approved update in February 2006. The goal of the test was to measure filtration performance of both PM2 5 and total particulate matter (PM) as well as the AP characteristics of the GE Energy technology identified above. Section 2 of this report documents the procedures used for the test and the conditions over which the test was conducted. A description of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media is presented in Section 3. The results of the test are summarized and discussed in Section 4, and references are presented in Section 5. This report contains summary information and data from the test as well as the verification statement. Complete documentation of the test results is provided in a separate data package report and an audit of data quality report. These reports include the raw test data from product testing and supplemental testing, equipment calibrations results, and QA and quality control (QC) activities and results. Complete documentation of QA/QC activities and results, raw test data, and equipment calibrations results are retained in ETS's files for seven years. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 2.0 VERIFICATION TEST DESCRIPTION The baghouse filtration products were tested in accordance with the APCT Center Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products1 and the Test/QA Plan for the Verification Testing of Baghouse Filtration Products.2 These documents incorporated all requirements for quality management, QA, procedures for product selection, auditing of the test laboratories, and reporting format. The Generic Verification Protocol (GVP) describes the overall procedures used for verification testing and defines the data quality objectives. The values for inlet dust concentration, raw gas flow rate, and filtration velocity used for current verification testing have been revised in consultation with the technical panel since posting of the GVP. These revisions are documented in Section 4.1. The test/QA plan details how the test laboratory at ETS implemented and met the requirements of the GVP. 2.1 Description of the Test Rig and Methodology The tests were conducted in ETS's filtration efficiency media analyzer (FEMA) test apparatus (Figure 1). The test apparatus consists of a brush-type dust feeder that disperses test dust into a vertical rectangular duct (raw-gas channel). The dust feed rate is continuously measured and recorded via an electronic scale located beneath the dust feed mechanism. The scale has a continuous readout with a resolution of 10 g. A radioactive polonium-210 alpha source is used to neutralize the dust electrically before its entry into the raw-gas channel. An optical photo sensor monitors the concentration of dust and ensures that the flow is stable for the entire duration of the test. The optical photo sensor does not measure concentration. A portion of the gas flow is extracted from the raw-gas channel through the test filter, which is mounted vertically at the entrance to a horizontal duct (clean-gas channel). The clean-gas channel flow is separated in two gas streams, a sample stream and a bypass stream. An aerodynamic "Y" is used for this purpose. The aerodynamic "Y" is designed for isokinetic separation of the clean gas with 40% of the clean gas entering the sample-gas channel without change in gas velocity. The sample-gas channel contains an Andersen impactor for particle separation and measurement. The bypass channel contains an absolute filter. The flow within the two segments of the "Y" is continuously monitored and maintained at selected rates by adjustable valves. Two vacuum pumps maintain air flow through the raw-gas and clean-gas channels. The flow rates, and thus the gas-to-cloth ratio (G/C) through the test filter, are kept constant and measured using mass flow controllers. A pressure transducer is used to measure the average residual AP of the filter sample. The pressure transducer measures the differential pressure across the filter samples 3 seconds after the cleaning pulse. The AP measurements are then averaged as described in Appendix C, Section 4.4.1 of the GVP.1 High-efficiency filters are installed upstream of the flow controllers and pumps to prevent contamination or damage caused by the dust. The cleaning system consists of a compressed-air tank set at 0.5 MPa (75 psi), a quick-action diaphragm valve, and a blow tube [25.4 mm (1.0 in.) dia.] with a nozzle [3 mm (0.12 in.) dia.] facing the downstream side of the test filter. Mean outlet particle concentration is determined when a portion of the gas flow is extracted from the raw- gas channel through the test filter, which is mounted vertically at the entrance to a horizontal duct (clean- gas channel). The clean-gas flow is separated using an aerodynamic "Y" so that a representative sample of the clean gas flows through an Andersen impactor that determines the outlet particle concentration. The particle size was measured while a fine dust was injected into the air stream upstream of the filter fabric sample. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 f DUST FEED FROM EXTERNAL HOPPER DUST CHARGE NEUTRALIZER RECTANGULAR CHANNEL 111 x 292 mm (4-3/8x11-1/2") PHOTOMETER FILTER FIXTURE AND TEST FILTER CYLINDRICAL EXTRACTION TUBE CLEAN-GAS SAMPLE PORT RAW-GAS SAMPLE PORT CLEANING SYSTEM ABSOLUTE FILTER AND ANDERSENIMPACTOR BACKUP FILTER MASS FLOW CONTROLLER MASS FLOW CONTROLLER CALIBRATED ORIFICE Figure 1. Diagram of filtration efficiency media analyzer test apparatus. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 The following series of tests was performed on three separate, randomly selected filter fabric samples: • Conditioning period • Recovery period • Performance test period. To simulate long-term operation, the test filter was first subjected to a conditioning period, which consists of 10,000 rapid-pulse cleaning cycles under continuous dust loading. During this period, the time between cleaning pulses was maintained at 3 seconds. No filter performance parameters are measured in this period. The conditioning period is immediately followed by a recovery period, which allowed the test filter fabric to recover from rapid pulsing. The recovery period consists of 30 normal filtration cycles under continuous and constant dust loading. During a normal filtration cycle, the dust cake is allowed to form on the test filter until a differential pressure of 1,000 Pa (4.0 in. w.g.) is reached. At this point, the test filter is cleaned by a pulse of compressed air from the clean-gas side of the fabric. The next filtration cycle begins immediately after the cleaning is complete. Performance testing occurred for a 6-hour period immediately following the recovery period (a cumulative total of 10,030 filtration cycles after the test filter had been installed in the test apparatus). During the performance test period, normal filtration cycles are maintained and, as in the case of the conditioning and recovery periods, the test filter is subjected to continuous and constant dust loading. The filtration velocity (G/C) and inlet dust concentrations were maintained at 120 ± 6 m/h (6.6 ± 0.3 fpm) and 18.4 ± 3.6 g/dscm (8.0 ±1.6 gr/dscf), respectively, throughout all phases of the test. 2.2 Selection of Filtration Sample for Testing Filter fabric samples of QG061 filtration media were supplied to ETS directly from the manufacturer (GE Energy) with a letter signed by Alan Smithies, Engineering Manager—Fabric Filter/Membrane, attesting that the filter media were selected at random in an unbiased manner from commercial-grade media and were not treated in any manner different from the media provided to customers. The manufacturer supplied the test laboratory with nine 46x91 cm (18 x 36 in.) filter samples. The test laboratory randomly selected three samples and prepared them for testing by cutting one test specimen of 150 mm (5.9 in.) diameter from each selected sample for insertion in the test rig sample holder. The sample holder has an opening 140 mm (5.5 in.) in diameter, which is the dimension used to calculate the face area of the tested specimen. 2.3 Control Tests Two types of control tests were performed during the verification test series. The first was a dust characterization, which is performed monthly. The reference dust used during the verification tests was Pural NF aluminum oxide dust. The Pural NF dust was oven dried for 2 hours and sealed in an airtight container prior to its insertion into the FEMA apparatus. The criteria for the dust characterization test are a maximum mass mean diameter of 1.5 ± 1.0 urn and a concentration between 40% and 90% of particles less than 2.5 (im. These criteria must be met in order to continue the verification test series. The second control test, the reference value test, is performed quarterly using the reference fabric and the FEMA apparatus. The reference value test determines the weight gain of the reference fabric as well as the maximum AP. The results of the test verified that the FEMA apparatus was operating consistently within the required parameters. The average fabric maximum AP in a reference value tests must be 0.60 cm w.g. ± 40%, and the fabric weight gain average must be 1.12 g ± 40%. Three reference value control ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 test runs were conducted. The results of the control tests are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of Control Test Results Mass mean diameter, urn % Less than 2.5 urn Weight gain, g Maximum pressure drop, cm w.g. Requirement 1.5± 1.0 40%-90% 1.12 ±40% 0.60 ± 40% Measured Value 1.76 64.56% 0.82 0.41 Criteria Met Yes Yes Yes Yes 2.4 Analysis The equations used for verification analysis are described below. Af = Exposed area of sample filter, m2 Cds = Dry standard outlet particulate concentration of total mass, g/dscm C2.5ds = Dry standard outlet particulate concentration of PM2 5, g/dscm dia. = Diameter of exposed area of sample filter, m Fa = Dust feed concentration corrected for actual conditions, g/m3 Fs = Dust feed concentration corrected for standard conditions, g/dscm G/C = Gas-to-cloth ratio, m/h Mt = Total mass gain from Andersen impactor, g M2.5 = Total mass gain of particles equal to or less than 2.5 um diameter from Andersen impactor, g. This value may need to be linearly interpolated from test data. N = Number of filtration cycles in a given performance test period Pavg = Average residual AP, cm w.g. P; = Residual AP for rth filtration cycle, cm w.g. Ps = Absolute gas pressure as measured in the raw-gas channel, mbar Qa = Actual gas flow rate, m3/h Qds = Dry standard gas flow rate, dscmh (ksds = Dry standard gas flow rate for 2.5 um particles, dscmh Qst = Standard gas flow rate for a specific averaging time, t, dscmh t = Specified averaging time or sampling time, s tc = Average filtration cycle time, s Ts = Raw-gas channel temperature, °F Wf = Weight of dust in feed hopper following specified time, g. Because of vibrations causing short-term fluctuations to the feed hopper, this value is measured as a 1-min. average. w; = Weight of dust in feed hopper at the beginning of the specified time, g. Due to vibrations causing short-term fluctuations to the feed hopper, this value is measured as a 1-min. average. Conversion factors and standard values used in the equations are listed below. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 460 = 0 °F, in °R 1,013 = Standard atmospheric pressure, mbar 528 = Standard temperature, °R Area of Sample Fabric, Af Af = Actual Gas Flow Rate, Qa rx+ 460)* 1013 - L - ps*52% Gas-to-Cloth Ratio, G/C G = QS_ C Af Standard Dust Feed Concentration, Fs, for a specified time, t ~ Actual Raw Gas Dust Concentration, Fa F=F* (Ts +460)*1013 Ps * 528 Dry Standard Clean Gas Particulate Concentration, Total Mass, Cds M. } t ^ %H20 .ds* *^ 10Q Dry Standard Clean Gas Particulate Concentration, PM2 5 C2 5 %H2O 100 Filtration Cycle Time, tc '•=lf Average Residual Pressure Drop, Pa p = ** N ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF FILTER FABRIC The GE Energy QG061 filtration media is a woven glass substrate with an expanded, microporous membrane thermally laminated to the filtration/dust cake surface. This product is traditionally converted into filter bags and used to capture fine particulate in many hot gas filtration applications. Figure 2 is a photograph of the fabric. Sample material was received as nine 46 x 91 cm (18 x 36 in.) swatches marked with the manufacturer's model number, year and month of manufacture, and cake side. Three of the swatches were selected at random for preparing three test specimens 150 mm (5.9 in.) in diameter. GE Energy PC# QG061 Woven Glass w/expanded microporous membrane Figure 3. Photograph of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 4.0 VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE 4.1 Quality Assurance The verification tests were conducted in accordance with an approved test/QA plan.2 The EPA quality manager conducted an independent assessment of the test laboratory in June 2005 and found that the test laboratory was equipped and operated as specified in the test/QA plan. The ETS QA officer and the APCT Center's QA staff have reviewed the results of this test and have found that the results meet the overall data quality objectives as stated in the test/QA plan. It should be noted that, because of the highly efficient nature of the filter medium being tested, the impactor substrate weighings for these results were below the reproducibility of the balance. The relative percent error in the post filter weighing measurements cannot be computed because most of the values were near zero. As a result of this occurrence, the tests do not meet the data quality objectives (DQOs) stated in the test/QA plan for mass gain associated with outlet concentrations. However, as stated in the test protocol, "for highly efficient fabrics, the mass gains stated for these quality objectives may not be achieved in the specified test duration. For these tests it is acceptable for the indicated DQO not to be met." Data on calibration certificates for the flow meters, flow transducers, weights, low- and high-resolution balances, thermometer, and humidity logger are maintained at ETS in a separate data package. Deviations from the test plan include organizational personnel changes. The ETS QA officer and the APCT Center's QA staff have also reviewed the results of the control tests, which are summarized in Section 2.3, Table 1. The dust characterization control test met the appropriate requirements of the test/QA plan and verification protocol. The reference fabric tests met maximum AP and weight gain requirements established for reference fabric performance in the GVP, indicating the measurement system is operating in control. 4.2 Results Table 2 summarizes the mean outlet particle concentration measurements for the verification test periods. Measurements were conducted during the 6-hour performance test period. The performance test period followed a 10,000-cycle conditioning period and a 30-cycle recovery period. Table 2 summarizes the three verification tests that were performed under standard verification test conditions. The average residual AP across each filter sample at the nominal 120 m/h (6.6 fpm) filtration velocity [for a flow rate of 5.8 m3/h (3.4 crm)] is also shown in Table 2. This AP ranged from 2.89 to 3.23 cm w.g. (1.14 to 1.27 in. w.g.) for the three filter samples tested. The residual AP increase ranged from 0.06 to 0.13 cm w.g. (0.02 to 0.05 in. w.g.) for the samples tested. All three standard condition verification runs were used to compute the averages given in Table 2. The PM25 outlet particle concentration average for the three runs is <0.0000167 g/dscm. The total PM concentration average for the three runs is <0.0000167 g/dscm. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 Table 2. Summary of Verification Results for GE Energy's Fabric QG061 Filtration Media Test Run Number PM2.5 (g/dscm)b Total PM (g/dscm) Average residual AP (cm w.g.) Initial residual AP (cm w.g.) Residual AP increase (cm w.g.) Mass gain of sample filter (g) Average filtration cycle time (s) Number of cleaning cycles 4V8-R1 <0.0000167C <0.0000167 3.23 3.16 0.13 0.16 174 124 4V8-R2 <0.0000167 <0.0000167 2.89 2.83 0.13 0.10 196 110 4V8-R3 <0.0000167 <0.0000167 2.95 2.93 0.06 0.10 191 112 Average3 <0.0000167 <0.0000167 3.02 2.97 0.11 0.12 187 115 a All three verification runs were used to compute averages. b One or more of the impactor substrate weight changes for these results was near the reproducibility limit of the balance. c The measured value was determined to be below the detection limit of 0.0000167 grams per cubic meter. The detection limit is for a six-hour test and based on VDI 3926. 4.3 Limitations and Applications This verification report addresses two aspects of baghouse filtration product performance: outlet particle concentration and AP. Users may wish to consider other performance parameters, such as service life and cost, when selecting a baghouse filtration fabric for their application. In accordance with the GVP, this verification statement is applicable to baghouse filtration products manufactured between the signature date of the verification statement and three years thereafter. ------- Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061 5.0 REFERENCES 1. RTI International. 2001. Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, February. Available at http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/05 vpbfp.pdf. 2. ETS Incorporated and RTI International. 2006. Test/QA Plan for the Verification Testing of Baghouse Filtration Products (Revision 2), ETS Incorporated, Roanoke, VA, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, February. Available at http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/600etv06095.pdf. 10 ------- |