Environmental Technology Verification
Baghouse Filtration Products
GE Energy
QG061 Filtration Media
(Tested September 2008)
Prepared by
RTI International
ETS Incorporated
HRTI
INTERNATIONAL
Under a Cooperative Agreement with
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION
PROGRAM
E
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The Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) is operated by RTI International* (RTI), in
cooperation with EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. The APCT Center evaluates
the performance of baghouse filtration products (BFPs) used primarily to control PM25 emissions (i.e.,
particles 2.5 urn and smaller in aerodynamic diameter). This verification statement summarizes the test
results for GE Energy's QG061 filtration media.
VERIFICATION TEST DESCRIPTION
All tests were performed in accordance with the APCT Center draft Generic Verification Protocol for
Baghouse Filtration Products, available at http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/05_vp_bfp.pdf The protocol is
based on and describes modifications to the equipment and procedures described in Verein Deutscher
Ingenieure (VDI) 3926, Part 2, Testing of Filter Media for Cleanable Filters under Operational
Conditions, December 1994. The VDI document is available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin,
Germany. The protocol also includes requirements for quality management and QA, procedures for
product selection, auditing of the test laboratories, and test reporting format.
Outlet particle concentrations from a test fabric were measured with an impactor equipped with
appropriate substrates to filter and measure PM25 within the dust flow. Outlet particle concentrations
were determined by weighing the mass increase of dust collected in each impactor filter stage and
dividing by the gas volumetric flow through the impactor.
Particle size was measured while injecting the test dust into the air upstream of the baghouse filter
sample. The test dust was dispersed into the flow using a brush-type dust feeder. The particle size
distributions in the air were determined both upstream and downstream of the test filter fabric to provide
accurate results for penetration through the test filter of PM2s. All tests were performed using a constant
18.4 ± 3.6 g/dscm (8.0 ± 1.6 gr/dscf) loading rate, a 120 ± 6.0 m/h (6.6 ± 0.3 fpm) filtration velocity
[identical to gas-to-cloth ratio (G/C**)], and aluminum oxide test dust with a measured mass mean
aerodynamic diameter maximum of 1.5 um (average of three impactor runs). All baghouse filtration
products are tested in their initial (i.e., clean) condition.
Each of the three test runs consisted of the following segments:
• Conditioning period—10,000 rapid-pulse cleaning cycles
• Recovery period—30 normal-pulse cleaning cycles
• Performance test period—6-hour filter fabric test period with impactor.
VERIFIED TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
GE Energy provided the following information about their product. The QG061 filtration media is a
woven glass substrate with an expanded, microporous membrane thermally laminated to the filtration/dust
cake surface. This product is traditionally converted into filter bags and used to capture fine particulate in
many hot gas filtration applications. Figure 1 is a photograph of the fabric. Sample material was received
as nine 46 x 91 cm (18x36 in.) swatches marked with the manufacturer's model number, year and month
of manufacture, and cake side. Three of the swatches were selected at random for preparing three test
specimens 150 mm (5.9 in.) in diameter.
* RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute.
"Filtration velocity and gas-to-cloth ratio are used interchangeably and are defined as the gas flow rate divided by
the surface area of the cloth.
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nergy
PC* QG061
Woven Glass w/expanded
microporous membrane
Figure 1. Photograph of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media.
VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE
Verification testing of the GE Energy QG061 filtration media was performed during the period of
September 15, 2008 to September 19, 2008 for standard test conditions at the test facility of ETS
Incorporated, 1401 Municipal Road NW, Roanoke, VA 24012. Test conditions are listed in Table 1.
The overall test results summarized in Table 2 represent the averages of three individual tests.
The APCT Center quality manager has reviewed the test results and the quality control data and has
concluded that the data quality objectives given in the generic verification protocol and test/QA plan have
been attained.
This verification statement addresses five aspects of filter fabric performance: filter outlet PM2s
concentration, filter outlet total mass concentration, pressure drop, filtration cycle time, and mass gain on
the filter fabric. Users may wish to consider other performance parameters, such as temperature, service
life, and cost when selecting a filter fabric for their application.
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Table 1. Test Conditions for Baghouse Filtration Products
Brand/Model: GE Energy's QG061 Filtration Media
Test Parameter
Dust concentration
Filtration velocity (G/C)
Pressure loss before cleaning
Tank pressure
Valve opening time
Air temperature
Relative humidity
Total raw gas stream flow rate
Sample gas stream flow rate
Number of cleaning cycles
During conditioning period
During recovery period
Performance test duration
Value
18.4 ± 3.6 g/dscm (8.0 ± 1 .6 gr/dscf)
120±6m/h(6.6±0.3fpm)
1, 000 ±12 Pa (4 ±0.05 in. w.g.)
0.5 ± 0.03 MPa (75 ± 5 psi)
50 ± 5 ms
25 ± 2°C (77 ± 4°F)
50 ± 1 0%
5.8 ± 0.3 m3/h (3.4 ± 0.2 cfm)
1.13 ± 0.06 m3/h (0.67 ± 0.03 cfm)
10,000 cycles
30 cycles
6h±1 s
Table 2. Baghouse Filtration Product Three-Run Average Test Results
for GE Energy's Fabric QG061 Filtration Media
Verification Parameter
Outlet particle concentration at standard conditions3
PM25, g/dscm
(gr/dscf)
Total mass, g/dscmb
(gr/dscf)
Average residual pressure drop (AP), cm w.g. (in. w.g.)
Initial residual AP, cm w.g. (in. w.g.)
Residual AP increase, cm w.g. (in. w.g.)
Filtration cycle time, s
Mass gain of test sample filter, g (gr)
Number of cleaning cycles
At Verification Test
Conditions
<0. 0000167°
(<0. 0000073)
<0. 0000167
(<0. 0000073)
3.02(1.19)
2.97(1.17)
0.11 (0.04)
187
0.12(1.85)
115
a Standard conditions: 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) and 20°C (68°F). One or more of the impactor substrate
weight changes for these results were near the reproducibility of the balance.
b Total mass includes the mass of PM2 5 and larger particles that passed through the fabric.
meter. The detection limit is for a six-hour test and based on VDI 3926.
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In accordance with the generic verification protocol, this verification statement is applicable to filter
media manufactured between the signature date of the verification statement and three years thereafter.
sisnedbv Sally Gutierrez 06/15/2009 sisned by Jenia Tufts 06/09/2009
Sally Gutierrez Date Jenia Tufts Date
Director Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory Air Pollution Control Technology Center
Office of Research and Development RTI International
United States Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE: ETV verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined
criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA and RTI make no express or implied warranties as to
the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as verified. The end user
is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Mention of
commercial product names does not imply endorsement.
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Environmental Technology Verification
Report
Baghouse Filtration Products
GE Energy
QG061 Filtration Media
(Tested September 2008)
Prepared by
RTI International
ETS Incorporated
EPA Cooperative Agreement CR 831911-01
EPA Project Manager
Michael Kosusko
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
May 2009
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
Notice
This document was prepared by RTI International* (RTI) and its subcontractor ETS Incorporated (ETS)
with partial funding from Cooperative Agreement No. CR 831911-01 with the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The document has been subjected to RTI/EPA's peer and administrative
reviews and has been approved for publication. Mention of corporation names, trade names, or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use of specific products.
RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
Foreword
The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program, established by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), is designed to accelerate the development and commercialization of new or
improved technologies through third-party verification and reporting of performance. The goal of the
ETV Program is to verify the performance of commercially ready environmental technologies through the
evaluation of objective and quality-assured data in order to provide potential purchasers and permitters an
independent, credible assessment of the technology that they are buying or permitting.
The Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) is part of the EPA's ETV Program and is
operated as a partnership between RTI International (RTI) and EPA. The APCT Center verifies the
performance of commercially ready air pollution control technologies. Verification tests use approved
protocols, and verified performance is reported in verification statements signed by EPA and RTI
officials. RTI contracts with ETS Incorporated (ETS) to perform verification tests on baghouse filtration
products, including filter media.
Baghouses are air pollution control devices used to control particulate emissions from stationary sources
and are among the technologies evaluated by the APCT Center. The APCT Center developed (and EPA
approved) the Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products to provide guidance on
these verification tests.
The following report reviews the performance of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media. ETV testing of
this technology was conducted during September 2008 at ETS. All testing was performed in accordance
with an approved test/quality assurance plan that implements the requirements of the generic verification
protocol at the test laboratory.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
Availability of Verification Statement and Report
Copies of this verification report are available from the following:
• RTI International
Engineering and Technology Unit
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (E343-02)
109 T. W. Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/etv/vt-apc.html (electronic copies)
in
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
Table of Contents
Page
Notice i
Foreword ii
Availability of Verification Statement and Report iii
List of Figures v
List of Tables v
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vi
Acknowledgments viii
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Verification Test Description 2
2.1 Description ofthe Test Rig and Methodology 2
2.2 Selection of Filtration Sample for Testing 4
2.3 Control Tests 4
2.4 Analysis 5
3.0 Description of Filter Fabric 7
4.0 Verification of Performance 8
4.1 Quality Assurance 8
4.2 Results 8
4.3 Limitations and Applications 9
5.0 References 10
IV
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1. Diagram of filtration efficiency media analyzer test apparatus 3
Figure 2. Photograph of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media 7
List of Tables
Table 1. Summary of Control Test Results 5
Table 2. Summary of Verification Results for GE Energy's Fabric QG061 Filtration Media 9
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Environmental Technology Verification Report
GE Energy QG061
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
APCT Center Air Pollution Control Technology Center
BFP baghouse filtration product
cfm cubic feet per minute
cm centimeters
cm w.g. centimeters of water gauge
dia. diameter
AP pressure drop
dscmh dry standard cubic meters per hour
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ETS ETS Incorporated
ETV Environmental Technology Verification
FEMA filtration efficiency media analyzer
fprn feet per minute
g grams
g/dscm grams per dry standard cubic meter
g/m3 grams per cubic meter
G/C gas-to-cloth ratio (filtration velocity)
gr grains
gr/dscf grains per dry standard cubic foot
h hours
in. inches
in. w.g. inches of water gauge
kPa kilopascals
m meters
VI
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
m/h meters per hour
m3/h cubic meters per hour
mbar millibars
min. minutes
mm millimeters
Mpa megapascals
ms milliseconds
NA not applicable
Pa pascals
PM particulate matter
PM2 5 particulate matter 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter or smaller
psi pounds per square inch
psia pounds per square inch absolute
QA quality assurance
QC quality control
RTI RTI International
s seconds
scf standard cubic feet
t time
VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
w.g. water gauge
um micrometers
°C degrees Celsius
°F degrees Fahrenheit
vn
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of all those who helped plan and conduct the verification activities.
In particular, we would like to thank Michael Kosusko, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
project officer, and Paul Groff, EPA's quality manager, both of EPA's National Risk Management
Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the
assistance and participation of GE Energy personnel who supported the test effort.
For more information on GE Energy's Woven Glass, contact the following:
Alan Smithies
GE Energy
417 SE Thompson Drive
Lee's Summit, MO 64082
(816)356-8400
alan.smithies@ge.com
For more information on verification testing of baghouse filtration products, contact the following:
Jenia Tufts
RTI International
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194
(919)485-2698
jtufts@rti.org
Vlll
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report reviews the pressure drop (AP) and filtration performance of GE Energy's QG061 filtration
media. Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) testing of this technology/product was conducted
during a series of tests in September 2008 by ETS Incorporated (ETS), under contract with the Air
Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center). The objective of the APCT Center and the ETV
Program is to verify, with high data quality, the performance of air pollution control technologies. Control
of fine-particle emissions from various industrial and electric utility sources employing baghouse control
technology is within the scope of the APCT Center. An APCT Center program area was designed by RTI
International (RTI) and a technical panel of experts to evaluate the performance of particulate filters for
fine-particle (i.e., PM2 5) emission control. Based on the activities of this technical panel, the Generic
Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products was developed. This protocol was chosen as the
best guide to verify the filtration performance of baghouse filtration products (BFPs). The specific
test/quality assurance (QA) plan for the ETV test of the technology was developed and approved in May
2000, followed by an approved update in February 2006. The goal of the test was to measure filtration
performance of both PM2 5 and total particulate matter (PM) as well as the AP characteristics of the GE
Energy technology identified above.
Section 2 of this report documents the procedures used for the test and the conditions over which the test
was conducted. A description of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media is presented in Section 3. The
results of the test are summarized and discussed in Section 4, and references are presented in Section 5.
This report contains summary information and data from the test as well as the verification statement.
Complete documentation of the test results is provided in a separate data package report and an audit of
data quality report. These reports include the raw test data from product testing and supplemental testing,
equipment calibrations results, and QA and quality control (QC) activities and results. Complete
documentation of QA/QC activities and results, raw test data, and equipment calibrations results are
retained in ETS's files for seven years.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
2.0 VERIFICATION TEST DESCRIPTION
The baghouse filtration products were tested in accordance with the APCT Center Generic Verification
Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products1 and the Test/QA Plan for the Verification Testing of
Baghouse Filtration Products.2 These documents incorporated all requirements for quality management,
QA, procedures for product selection, auditing of the test laboratories, and reporting format. The Generic
Verification Protocol (GVP) describes the overall procedures used for verification testing and defines the
data quality objectives. The values for inlet dust concentration, raw gas flow rate, and filtration velocity
used for current verification testing have been revised in consultation with the technical panel since
posting of the GVP. These revisions are documented in Section 4.1. The test/QA plan details how the test
laboratory at ETS implemented and met the requirements of the GVP.
2.1 Description of the Test Rig and Methodology
The tests were conducted in ETS's filtration efficiency media analyzer (FEMA) test apparatus (Figure 1).
The test apparatus consists of a brush-type dust feeder that disperses test dust into a vertical rectangular
duct (raw-gas channel). The dust feed rate is continuously measured and recorded via an electronic scale
located beneath the dust feed mechanism. The scale has a continuous readout with a resolution of 10 g. A
radioactive polonium-210 alpha source is used to neutralize the dust electrically before its entry into the
raw-gas channel. An optical photo sensor monitors the concentration of dust and ensures that the flow is
stable for the entire duration of the test. The optical photo sensor does not measure concentration. A
portion of the gas flow is extracted from the raw-gas channel through the test filter, which is mounted
vertically at the entrance to a horizontal duct (clean-gas channel). The clean-gas channel flow is separated
in two gas streams, a sample stream and a bypass stream. An aerodynamic "Y" is used for this purpose.
The aerodynamic "Y" is designed for isokinetic separation of the clean gas with 40% of the clean gas
entering the sample-gas channel without change in gas velocity. The sample-gas channel contains an
Andersen impactor for particle separation and measurement. The bypass channel contains an absolute
filter. The flow within the two segments of the "Y" is continuously monitored and maintained at selected
rates by adjustable valves. Two vacuum pumps maintain air flow through the raw-gas and clean-gas
channels. The flow rates, and thus the gas-to-cloth ratio (G/C) through the test filter, are kept constant and
measured using mass flow controllers. A pressure transducer is used to measure the average residual AP
of the filter sample. The pressure transducer measures the differential pressure across the filter samples 3
seconds after the cleaning pulse. The AP measurements are then averaged as described in Appendix C,
Section 4.4.1 of the GVP.1 High-efficiency filters are installed upstream of the flow controllers and
pumps to prevent contamination or damage caused by the dust. The cleaning system consists of a
compressed-air tank set at 0.5 MPa (75 psi), a quick-action diaphragm valve, and a blow tube [25.4 mm
(1.0 in.) dia.] with a nozzle [3 mm (0.12 in.) dia.] facing the downstream side of the test filter.
Mean outlet particle concentration is determined when a portion of the gas flow is extracted from the raw-
gas channel through the test filter, which is mounted vertically at the entrance to a horizontal duct (clean-
gas channel). The clean-gas flow is separated using an aerodynamic "Y" so that a representative sample
of the clean gas flows through an Andersen impactor that determines the outlet particle concentration.
The particle size was measured while a fine dust was injected into the air stream upstream of the filter
fabric sample.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report
GE Energy QG061
f
DUST FEED FROM EXTERNAL HOPPER
DUST CHARGE NEUTRALIZER
RECTANGULAR CHANNEL
111 x 292 mm (4-3/8x11-1/2")
PHOTOMETER
FILTER FIXTURE AND TEST FILTER
CYLINDRICAL EXTRACTION TUBE
CLEAN-GAS SAMPLE PORT
RAW-GAS SAMPLE PORT
CLEANING SYSTEM
ABSOLUTE FILTER AND
ANDERSENIMPACTOR
BACKUP
FILTER
MASS FLOW
CONTROLLER
MASS FLOW
CONTROLLER
CALIBRATED
ORIFICE
Figure 1. Diagram of filtration efficiency media analyzer test apparatus.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
The following series of tests was performed on three separate, randomly selected filter fabric samples:
• Conditioning period
• Recovery period
• Performance test period.
To simulate long-term operation, the test filter was first subjected to a conditioning period, which consists
of 10,000 rapid-pulse cleaning cycles under continuous dust loading. During this period, the time between
cleaning pulses was maintained at 3 seconds. No filter performance parameters are measured in this
period.
The conditioning period is immediately followed by a recovery period, which allowed the test filter fabric
to recover from rapid pulsing. The recovery period consists of 30 normal filtration cycles under
continuous and constant dust loading. During a normal filtration cycle, the dust cake is allowed to form
on the test filter until a differential pressure of 1,000 Pa (4.0 in. w.g.) is reached. At this point, the test
filter is cleaned by a pulse of compressed air from the clean-gas side of the fabric. The next filtration
cycle begins immediately after the cleaning is complete.
Performance testing occurred for a 6-hour period immediately following the recovery period (a
cumulative total of 10,030 filtration cycles after the test filter had been installed in the test apparatus).
During the performance test period, normal filtration cycles are maintained and, as in the case of the
conditioning and recovery periods, the test filter is subjected to continuous and constant dust loading.
The filtration velocity (G/C) and inlet dust concentrations were maintained at 120 ± 6 m/h (6.6 ± 0.3 fpm)
and 18.4 ± 3.6 g/dscm (8.0 ±1.6 gr/dscf), respectively, throughout all phases of the test.
2.2 Selection of Filtration Sample for Testing
Filter fabric samples of QG061 filtration media were supplied to ETS directly from the manufacturer (GE
Energy) with a letter signed by Alan Smithies, Engineering Manager—Fabric Filter/Membrane, attesting
that the filter media were selected at random in an unbiased manner from commercial-grade media and
were not treated in any manner different from the media provided to customers. The manufacturer
supplied the test laboratory with nine 46x91 cm (18 x 36 in.) filter samples. The test laboratory
randomly selected three samples and prepared them for testing by cutting one test specimen of 150 mm
(5.9 in.) diameter from each selected sample for insertion in the test rig sample holder. The sample holder
has an opening 140 mm (5.5 in.) in diameter, which is the dimension used to calculate the face area of the
tested specimen.
2.3 Control Tests
Two types of control tests were performed during the verification test series. The first was a dust
characterization, which is performed monthly. The reference dust used during the verification tests was
Pural NF aluminum oxide dust. The Pural NF dust was oven dried for 2 hours and sealed in an airtight
container prior to its insertion into the FEMA apparatus. The criteria for the dust characterization test are
a maximum mass mean diameter of 1.5 ± 1.0 urn and a concentration between 40% and 90% of particles
less than 2.5 (im. These criteria must be met in order to continue the verification test series.
The second control test, the reference value test, is performed quarterly using the reference fabric and the
FEMA apparatus. The reference value test determines the weight gain of the reference fabric as well as
the maximum AP. The results of the test verified that the FEMA apparatus was operating consistently
within the required parameters. The average fabric maximum AP in a reference value tests must be 0.60
cm w.g. ± 40%, and the fabric weight gain average must be 1.12 g ± 40%. Three reference value control
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Environmental Technology Verification Report
GE Energy QG061
test runs were conducted. The results of the control tests are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Summary of Control Test Results
Mass mean diameter, urn
% Less than 2.5 urn
Weight gain, g
Maximum pressure drop, cm w.g.
Requirement
1.5± 1.0
40%-90%
1.12 ±40%
0.60 ± 40%
Measured Value
1.76
64.56%
0.82
0.41
Criteria Met
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2.4 Analysis
The equations used for verification analysis are described below.
Af = Exposed area of sample filter, m2
Cds = Dry standard outlet particulate concentration of total mass, g/dscm
C2.5ds = Dry standard outlet particulate concentration of PM2 5, g/dscm
dia. = Diameter of exposed area of sample filter, m
Fa = Dust feed concentration corrected for actual conditions, g/m3
Fs = Dust feed concentration corrected for standard conditions, g/dscm
G/C = Gas-to-cloth ratio, m/h
Mt = Total mass gain from Andersen impactor, g
M2.5 = Total mass gain of particles equal to or less than 2.5 um diameter from Andersen
impactor, g. This value may need to be linearly interpolated from test data.
N = Number of filtration cycles in a given performance test period
Pavg = Average residual AP, cm w.g.
P; = Residual AP for rth filtration cycle, cm w.g.
Ps = Absolute gas pressure as measured in the raw-gas channel, mbar
Qa = Actual gas flow rate, m3/h
Qds = Dry standard gas flow rate, dscmh
(ksds = Dry standard gas flow rate for 2.5 um particles, dscmh
Qst = Standard gas flow rate for a specific averaging time, t, dscmh
t = Specified averaging time or sampling time, s
tc = Average filtration cycle time, s
Ts = Raw-gas channel temperature, °F
Wf = Weight of dust in feed hopper following specified time, g. Because of vibrations causing
short-term fluctuations to the feed hopper, this value is measured as a 1-min. average.
w; = Weight of dust in feed hopper at the beginning of the specified time, g. Due to vibrations
causing short-term fluctuations to the feed hopper, this value is measured as a 1-min.
average.
Conversion factors and standard values used in the equations are listed below.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report
GE Energy QG061
460 = 0 °F, in °R
1,013 = Standard atmospheric pressure, mbar
528 = Standard temperature, °R
Area of Sample Fabric, Af
Af =
Actual Gas Flow Rate, Qa
rx+ 460)* 1013
- L -
ps*52%
Gas-to-Cloth Ratio, G/C
G = QS_
C Af
Standard Dust Feed Concentration, Fs, for a specified time, t
~
Actual Raw Gas Dust Concentration, Fa
F=F*
(Ts +460)*1013
Ps * 528
Dry Standard Clean Gas Particulate Concentration, Total Mass, Cds
M.
} t ^ %H20
.ds* *^ 10Q
Dry Standard Clean Gas Particulate Concentration, PM2 5 C2 5
%H2O
100
Filtration Cycle Time, tc
'•=lf
Average Residual Pressure Drop, Pa
p =
** N
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Environmental Technology Verification Report
GE Energy QG061
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF FILTER FABRIC
The GE Energy QG061 filtration media is a woven glass substrate with an expanded, microporous
membrane thermally laminated to the filtration/dust cake surface. This product is traditionally converted
into filter bags and used to capture fine particulate in many hot gas filtration applications. Figure 2 is a
photograph of the fabric. Sample material was received as nine 46 x 91 cm (18 x 36 in.) swatches marked
with the manufacturer's model number, year and month of manufacture, and cake side. Three of the
swatches were selected at random for preparing three test specimens 150 mm (5.9 in.) in diameter.
GE Energy
PC# QG061
Woven Glass w/expanded
microporous membrane
Figure 3. Photograph of GE Energy's QG061 filtration media.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
4.0 VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE
4.1 Quality Assurance
The verification tests were conducted in accordance with an approved test/QA plan.2 The EPA quality
manager conducted an independent assessment of the test laboratory in June 2005 and found that the test
laboratory was equipped and operated as specified in the test/QA plan.
The ETS QA officer and the APCT Center's QA staff have reviewed the results of this test and have
found that the results meet the overall data quality objectives as stated in the test/QA plan. It should be
noted that, because of the highly efficient nature of the filter medium being tested, the impactor substrate
weighings for these results were below the reproducibility of the balance. The relative percent error in the
post filter weighing measurements cannot be computed because most of the values were near zero. As a
result of this occurrence, the tests do not meet the data quality objectives (DQOs) stated in the test/QA
plan for mass gain associated with outlet concentrations. However, as stated in the test protocol, "for
highly efficient fabrics, the mass gains stated for these quality objectives may not be achieved in the
specified test duration. For these tests it is acceptable for the indicated DQO not to be met."
Data on calibration certificates for the flow meters, flow transducers, weights, low- and high-resolution
balances, thermometer, and humidity logger are maintained at ETS in a separate data package.
Deviations from the test plan include organizational personnel changes.
The ETS QA officer and the APCT Center's QA staff have also reviewed the results of the control tests,
which are summarized in Section 2.3, Table 1. The dust characterization control test met the appropriate
requirements of the test/QA plan and verification protocol. The reference fabric tests met maximum AP
and weight gain requirements established for reference fabric performance in the GVP, indicating the
measurement system is operating in control.
4.2 Results
Table 2 summarizes the mean outlet particle concentration measurements for the verification test periods.
Measurements were conducted during the 6-hour performance test period. The performance test period
followed a 10,000-cycle conditioning period and a 30-cycle recovery period.
Table 2 summarizes the three verification tests that were performed under standard verification test
conditions. The average residual AP across each filter sample at the nominal 120 m/h (6.6 fpm) filtration
velocity [for a flow rate of 5.8 m3/h (3.4 crm)] is also shown in Table 2. This AP ranged from 2.89 to 3.23
cm w.g. (1.14 to 1.27 in. w.g.) for the three filter samples tested. The residual AP increase ranged from
0.06 to 0.13 cm w.g. (0.02 to 0.05 in. w.g.) for the samples tested. All three standard condition
verification runs were used to compute the averages given in Table 2. The PM25 outlet particle
concentration average for the three runs is <0.0000167 g/dscm. The total PM concentration average for
the three runs is <0.0000167 g/dscm.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report
GE Energy QG061
Table 2. Summary of Verification Results for GE Energy's Fabric QG061 Filtration Media
Test Run Number
PM2.5 (g/dscm)b
Total PM (g/dscm)
Average residual AP (cm w.g.)
Initial residual AP (cm w.g.)
Residual AP increase (cm w.g.)
Mass gain of sample filter (g)
Average filtration cycle time (s)
Number of cleaning cycles
4V8-R1
<0.0000167C
<0.0000167
3.23
3.16
0.13
0.16
174
124
4V8-R2
<0.0000167
<0.0000167
2.89
2.83
0.13
0.10
196
110
4V8-R3
<0.0000167
<0.0000167
2.95
2.93
0.06
0.10
191
112
Average3
<0.0000167
<0.0000167
3.02
2.97
0.11
0.12
187
115
a All three verification runs were used to compute averages.
b One or more of the impactor substrate weight changes for these results was near the reproducibility limit of the
balance.
c The measured value was determined to be below the detection limit of 0.0000167 grams per cubic meter. The
detection limit is for a six-hour test and based on VDI 3926.
4.3 Limitations and Applications
This verification report addresses two aspects of baghouse filtration product performance: outlet particle
concentration and AP. Users may wish to consider other performance parameters, such as service life and
cost, when selecting a baghouse filtration fabric for their application.
In accordance with the GVP, this verification statement is applicable to baghouse filtration products
manufactured between the signature date of the verification statement and three years thereafter.
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Environmental Technology Verification Report GE Energy QG061
5.0 REFERENCES
1. RTI International. 2001. Generic Verification Protocol for Baghouse Filtration Products, RTI
International, Research Triangle Park, NC, February. Available at
http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/05 vpbfp.pdf.
2. ETS Incorporated and RTI International. 2006. Test/QA Plan for the Verification Testing of
Baghouse Filtration Products (Revision 2), ETS Incorporated, Roanoke, VA, and RTI
International, Research Triangle Park, NC, February. Available at
http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/600etv06095.pdf.
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