THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION
PROGRAM
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NSF International
ETV Joint Verification Statement
TECHNOLOGY TYPE:
APPLICATION:
TECHNOLOGY NAME:
TEST LOCATION:
COMPANY:
ADDRESS:
WEB SITE:
EMAIL:
Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection
Secondary Effluent Treatment and Reuse
Barrier Sunlight V-40R-A150 Open Channel UV System
UV Validation and Research Center of New York
Siemens Water Technologies Corp.
1901 West Garden Road PHONE: (856) 507-4149
Vineland, NJ 08360
http: //www.siem en s. com
alberto.garibi@siemens.com
FAX: (856) 507-4215
NSF International (NSF), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), operates the
Water Quality Protection Center (WQPC), one of six centers under the Environmental Technology
Verification Program (ETV). The WQPC recently evaluated the performance of the Barrier Sunlight V-40R-
A150 Open Channel UV Disinfection System (40R System), manufactured by Siemens Water Technologies
Corp. The 40R System was tested at the UV Validation and Research Center of New York located in
Johnstown, NY. HydroQual, Inc. was the Testing Organization for this verification.
EPA created ETV to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through
performance verification and dissemination of information. The Program's goal is to further environmental
protection by accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and more cost-effective technologies. ETV
seeks to achieve this goal by providing high quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those
involved in the design, distribution, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies.
ETV works in partnership with recognized standards and testing organizations; stakeholder groups, which
consist of buyers, vendor organizations, and permitters; and with the full participation of individual
technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing
test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as
appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer-reviewed reports. All evaluations are
conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate
quality are generated and that the results are defensible.
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
The following description of the Barrier Sunlight V-40R-A150 Open Channel UV (40R) System was
provided by the vendor and does not represent verified information.
The 40R System supplied by Siemens utilizes 40 high-output, low-pressure amalgam lamps, oriented
vertically and perpendicular to the direction of flow. Each lamp has a total power draw rating of up to 177
Watts. The lamps are 36 inches long and each is housed in a clear fused quartz sleeve to isolate and protect
the lamp from the wastewater. The sleeves have only one open end, which remains exposed only to the
conditions in the sealed stainless-steel ballast housing. The quartz sleeves are 40 inches long, have an outer
diameter of 28mm and a wall thickness of 1.5mm, resulting in a UV transmittance (UVT) of approximately
91% with the surface reflectance loss. The 40R System is equipped with automatic sleeve wiping systems,
the performance of which was not verified during testing.
The lamps are powered from electronic ballasts mounted vertically in a remotely located enclosure. Each
ballast powers two lamps in parallel so that one lamp failure does not cause the peer lamp to turn off. The
40R System used for this verification was equipped with two SLS SiC004 UV intensity sensors certified to
DVGW (German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water) Standards, which were installed
and each sensor positioned in a quartz sleeve 2 cm from a neighboring single lamp. Each sensor includes a
remote, dedicated amplifier that operates on a 4-20 mA signal. The sensors have a wavelength selectivity of
96% between 200 run and 300 nm, a linear (1%) working range of 0.01 to 20 mW/cm2, and a stability of 5%
over 10 hours and a temperature range of 2 to 30°C. The commercial unit is typically designed to operate at
100% input power (no dimming)
Siemens set the total intensity attenuation factor at 80%, based on the combined effects of a sleeve-fouling
factor of 90% and a lamp-aging factor (end-of-lamp-life factor) of 90%. This lamp-aging factor is set at a
minimum of 12,000 operating hours. Quartz fouling of 90% and lamp age intensity reduction of 90% (at
12,000 hours) were simulated during this ETV. The V-40R system verified in this ETV is designed to
operate at flow rates of up to 3,472 gallons per minute (gpm) (5 million gallons per day (mgd)).
VERIFICATION TESTING DESCRIPTION - METHODS AND PROCEDURES
The objective of this verification was to verify the performance of the system within broad operational limits,
taking into account flow rate, UV sensor reading, and UV sensitivity. Information found in several sections
of the USEPA Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule (2006) (UVDGM) support that operation within these limits should result in
successful disinfection for the targeted organisms. The testing included measuring or calculating:
1. Performance difference of the system between power turndown and UVT turndown at the same operation
conditions to mimic the total attenuation factor. The method that yielded the lower Reduction Equivalent
Dose (RED) was selected to simulate the total attenuation factor in the verification.
2. Flow-dose relationship for the system at a nominal UVT of 50% to 80% for a dose range of 5 to 25
mJ/cm2 using a biological surrogate with relatively high sensitivity to UV (Tl coliphage).
3. Flow-dose relationship for the system at a nominal UVT of 50% to 80% for a dose range of 10 to 40
mJ/cm2 using a biological surrogate with medium sensitivity to UV (Q(3 coliphage).
4. Flow-dose relationship for the system at a nominal UVT of 50% to 80% for a dose range of 20 to 80
mJ/cm2 using a biological surrogate with relatively low sensitivity to UV (MS2 coliphage).
5. Adjusted observed RED performance results by a Validation Factor (VF) to account for uncertainties
associated with the verification tests.
6. Power consumption and head loss.
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The testing methods and procedures employed during the study were outlined in the Verification Test Plan
for the Siemens Water Technologies V-40R-A150 and HE-2E4-HO Open Channel UV Systems for Reuse and
Secondary Effluent Applications (August 2008). A full-scale 40R System was installed in a test channel at
the UV Validation and Research Center of New York (UV Center), located in Johnstown, NY. Further
details on the testing procedures, analytical methods, and QA/QC information are provided in the final
report.
Biodosimetric tests were conducted at a simulated total attenuation factor of 80%, representing the combined
effects of the end-of-lamp-life (EOLL) factor and the fouling factor. Siemens states that the PLC power
setting of 120 is considered the full or nominal operating input power for the 40R System. The total
attenuation factor for the Siemens V-40R-A150 system was simulated by lowering the water transmittance.
For three nominal UVT values, 80%, 65%, and 50%, used for this validation, the actual UVT levels that were
needed to simulate 80% sensor attenuation were 74.5%, 60.4% and 45.8%, respectively. The reported RED
is based on the collimated-beam dose-response curve generated on seeded influent samples from the same
day of testing. A total of 42 flow tests, using three different coliphage (MS2, QP and Tl), were conducted
for this ETV test. These tests were successfully completed during the verification, which resulted in
development of an RED performance algorithm that described the performance of the UV system over a
range of observed RED. A validation factor (VF) was determined to account for biases and experimental
uncertainty that allows determination of the credited RED for various UV transmittance s.
PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
The biodosimetric RED data are presented in Figure VS-1 for each challenge phage at their respective
nominal UVT levels. The bounds described by these data represent the validated operating envelope for the
UV system:
Flow: 169to3431gpm;
UVT: 50 to 80%; and
Power: 120 at PLC, or 100% input (7.1 kW/40 Lamps, or 177W/Lamp).
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Figure VS-1. MS2, Tl and Qp RED as a function of UVT and flow.
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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RED Performance Algorithm
A dose algorithm was developed to correlate the observed MS2, Tl and Q(3 RED data with the reactor's
primary operating variables. These are the flow rate, Q, and the average of the sensor readings, Savg. These
variables are known on a real-time basis by the PLC and can be programmed into software to monitor and
control the UV system. Because multiple surrogates were used to test the system, it is possible to combine
the test results and incorporate the sensitivity of each to differentiate their individual reactions at the
specified operating conditions. The commissioned system can then incorporate the sensitivity of the targeted
pathogen (e.g., total or fecal coliforms, enterococcus, etc.) when calculating the RED delivered by the
system. The dose algorithm to estimate the RED is expressed as:
RED = Wa Qb Savsc UVSd 10l
avg
Where: Q = Flow rate, gpm;
Savg = Average Sensor Reading
UVS = UV Sensitivity (mJ/cm2/Log Inactivation (LI)); and
a, b, c, d, e = Equation coefficients.
It is critical to note that the same sensors and installed conditions, such as model type, position relative to the
lamp, sleeve clarity, etc., must be used to apply this algorithm. This algorithm is valid if there is agreement
within 5% of the two sensors (lead and lag), and the sensor readings are confirmed to meet the modeled
results as a function of UVT and power setting. The nominal sensor reading, S0, must be equal to or greater
than 16.5%, 36.5% and 73% at UVTs equal to or greater than 50%, 65% and 80% (all at a power setting of
120).
Based on a multiple linear regression analysis of this RED equation, the coefficients were determined and are
summarized in Table VS-1. The algorithm-calculated REDs versus the observed MS2, Tl and Q(3 REDs are
plotted in Figure VS-2, which shows good agreement between the predicted and observed RED.
Table VS-1. V-40R-A150 Dose-Algorithm Regression Constants
Coefficient a B c d e
Value 1.368173 -0.598506 0.903747 0.301085 5.092974
Validation Factor (VF)
The VF quantitatively accounts for certain biases and experimental uncertainties to assure that a minimum
disinfection performance level can be confidently maintained. VF components RED bias (BRED),
polychromatic bias (BPOLY) and uncertainty of validation (UVai) were assessed. BRED can be set at 1.0 as long
as the sensitivity of the targeted pathogen or pathogen indicator is within the range of 5 and 20 mJ/cm2/LI,
and the sensitivity used in the RED algorithm is equal to or less than the sensitivity of the targeted microbe.
BPOLY is set to 1.0 because the system uses low-pressure monochromatic lamps.
Within the UVai, the uncertainties associated with the sensors (Us) and the collimated beam tests (UDR) can be
ignored because QA criteria were met, leaving only the uncertainty of interpolation (U:N). The VF can be
expressed as a function of the UIN, which is related to a statistical evaluation of the verification data set, and
the VF reduces to the following expression as a function of the calculated RED (REDCaic):
VF=l + (5.565/REDCaic)
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Figure VS-2. Algorithm calculated RED versus observed RED.
Figure VS-3 presents a series of solutions for VF at a UVT of 65% and sensitivities ranging between 5 and
20 mJ/cm2/LI. VF is shown as a function of flow under these specific and fixed operating conditions.
Similar calculations can be made at alternate operating conditions. These calculations are appropriate only
when the UVS of the targeted pathogen is equal to or greater than the sensitivity chosen for the calculations.
If the sensitivity of the organism of concern is 10 mJ/cm2/LI, then UVS must be 10 or less when conducting
the calculations for the VF. However, if this is not the case, then a RED bias term, similar to that described
by the UVDGM, would have to be incorporated into the validation factor.
1.6
1.5
1.4
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0.8
Validation Factor at 65% UVT
UVS = 5 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 8 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 11 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 15mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 20 mJ/cm2/LI
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow Rate (gpm)
3000 3500 4000
Figure VS-3. Example solutions for Validation Factor at fixed operating conditions and a range of UV
sensitivity.
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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September 2009
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Credited RED Calculation
As outlined in the UVDGM, given the calculated RED results and the estimate of uncertainty associated with
the experimental effort, one can determine the RED that can be applied, or credited, to the system at
prescribed operating conditions. This credited RED, which is the same as REDVai, is calculated as:
VF
Figure VS-4 presents solutions for the 40R System at a UVT of 65%, across the same range of UV
sensitivities. It is important to note that this assumes the system sensors have been confirmed to have the
same output as in the validation. The solutions for credited RED (REDVai), such as those shown on Figure
VS-4, would be reported at the PLC of the 40R System, based on monitored real-time operating conditions.
Calculations and results for alternative UVT levels are presented in the Final Report.
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Credited RED at 65% UVT
UVT = 65%, UVS = 5mJ/cm2/LI
UVT = 65%, UVS = 8mJ/cm2/LI
UVT = 65%, UVS = 11 mJ/cm2/LI
UVT = 65%, UVS = 15mJ/cm2/LI
UVT = 65%, UVS = 20mJ/cm2/LI
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Flow Rate (gpm)
Figure VS-4. Credited RED at 50% UVT across a range of UV sensitivities.
Power Consumption
The power consumption of the Siemens V-40R-A150 system was continuously logged when operating.
Siemens states that a power level of 120 is considered the nominal input power rating for this system; at this
level, the mean total power input was 7.1 kW, or 177.5 W/Lamp. Power consumption can be determined
using the expression:
Actual Power (kW) = -0.0000493(PLC Setting)2 + 0.03575(PLC Setting) + 3.548
Headloss
Headless estimates were derived from the hydraulic profile data. Two pressure monitoring locations
(immediately before and after the unit) were used at eight different flow rates. The headless for the unit can
be estimated (but should not be extrapolated outside tested range of flow rates) from the expression:
Headloss (inches of water) = Q.152x(flowrate,mgd)2 + 0.0288 x(flowrate,mgd) + 0.141
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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Velocity Profiles
Cross-sectional velocity measurements were taken at 0.25 and 5.0 mgd. The hydraulic conditions represent a
'worst' case when compared to minimum full-scale commissioning requirements in the NWRI/AWWARF
Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse (2003). This guidance states that
the mean velocity at any measured cross-sectional point of a commissioned system should not vary by more
than 20% from the theoretical average velocity (i.e., flow divided by the cross-sectional area). Further, the
commissioned system should exhibit velocity profiles that are equivalent or better than those exhibited by the
validated test unit. Overall, a general observation is that the velocity profiles were relatively stable at 5.0
mgd, with the majority of the measurement points within 20%. At 0.25 mgd, velocity profiles were more
variable. Non-ideal behavior at the low flow rate at the influent to the reactor was evident. It was also
evident that the profile becomes less variable through the reactor, and is observed to be relatively stable at
the discharge side of the reactor.
Use of Data
The data collected and verified from this testing is multi-variant and provides a flexible and detailed set of
information to allow a knowledgeable engineer to design a UV disinfection system for secondary wastewater
and water reuse applications. The detailed data presented in the report is a critical component to
understanding the following summary.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
NSF completed a data quality audit of at least 10% of the test data to ensure that the reported data
represented the data generated during testing. In addition to QA/QC audits performed by NSF, EPA
personnel conducted an audit of NSF's QA Management Program.
Original signed by Original signed by
Sally Gutierrez October 2, 2009 Robert Ferguson October 23, 2009
Sally Gutierrez Date Robert Ferguson Date
Director Vice President
National Risk Management Research Laboratory Water Systems
Office of Research and Development NSF International
United States Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE: Verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined
criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA and NSF make no expressed or implied
warranties as to the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as
verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local
requirements. Mention of corporate names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use of specific products. This report is not an NSF Certification of the
specific product mentioned herein.
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: The following documents were referenced in this statement:
USEPA: Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, EPA-815-R-06-007, 2006. Office of Water, Washington, DC.
National Water Research Institute (NWRI)/AWWA Research Foundation (AwwaRF): Ultraviolet Disinfection
Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse, Second Edition, 2003. Fountain Valley, CA.
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Availability of Supporting Documents
Copies of the Verification Test Plan for the Siemens Water Technologies V-40R-A150 and HE-2E4-
HO Open Channel UV Systems for Reuse and Secondary Effluent Applications (August 2008), the
verification statement, and the verification report (NSF Report Number 09/33/WQPC-SWP) are
available from:
ETV Water Quality Protection Center Program Manager (hard copy)
NSF International
P.O. Box 130140
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140
NSF website: http://www.nsf.org/etv (electronic copy)
EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/etv (electronic copy)
Appendices are not included in the verification report, but are available from NSF upon request.
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