United States OSWER (OS-230) OERR 9200.6-303 (91 -1)
Environmental Protection ORD (RD-689) NTIS No. PB91-921199
Agency January 1991
•EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
Annual
FY-1991
Printed on Recycled Paper
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OERR 9200.6-303(91-1)
January 1991
SUMMARY TABLES
FY-1991 Annual
Office of Research and Development
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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This report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency distribution only. The information contained
herein has been taken from final documents prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC and the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. These
documents were reviewed in accordance with Agency policy and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION . 1
WHAT'S IN ANNUAL FY91 HEAST. 5
USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY . .... 9
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC
AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER CARCINOGENICITY) A-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B:
CARCINOGENICITY B-l
USER'S GUIDE; RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY . . C-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE C:
RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY ......... C-8
REFERENCES FOR TABLES A D-l
REFERENCES FOR TABLES B ........ D-98
111
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INTRODUCTION
This document is the FY 91 annual update of the Health Effects
Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared by EPA's Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office for use at both Superfund and RCRA
sites. This edition of the HEAST completely replaces the previous
edition of this document. Beginning with the FY 91 edition, the
HEAST will no longer be issued in separate quarterly editions, with
each issue replacing the previous issue. Instead, in January of
each year, an annual or "main" edition will be issued. Quarterly
supplements to the January edition will be issued in April (second
quarter supplement), July (third quarter supplement) and October
(fourth quarter supplement). Each supplement will incorporate the
information in the previous supplement and thus replace the
previous supplement. For example, to be current through the third
quarter FY 91, the user would have to have the annual edition, plus
the third quarter supplement. The second quarter supplement may
be discarded because information in the second quarter supplement
will be found in the third quarter supplement.
Contributors
Beginning with the third quarter of FY 1990, the document also
includes chemicals commonly found at RCRA sites as identified by
the Office of Solid Waste's Technical Assessment Branch. By
including chemicals identified by OSW, the Agency conserves
resources, enhances the completeness of HEAST tables and assists
in promoting consistency within the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Also acknowledged are the contributions from
™ 1 «»
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the Office of Radiation Programs, which provides data on radio-
nuclides for Table C of the HEAST.
Chemicals Listed
Chemicals considered are those for which Health Effects
Assessment Documents, Health and Environmental Effects Profiles,
Health and Environmental Effects Documents, Health Assessment
Documents or Air Quality Criteria Documents have been prepared by
ECAO. Radionuclides considered are those believed to be most
commonly encountered at Superfund sites. This report is an
excellent "pointer" system to identify current literature or
changes in risk assessments for many chemicals of interest to the
Superfund program.
Caution
It is important to remember that the numbers in these tables
alone tell very little about the adverse effects of a chemical or
the quality of evidence on which risk assesments are based,
Original assessment documents must be consulted by users of this
document in order to fully appreciate the strengths and limitations
of a specific data base. Original source documents will allow for
the most complete characterization of potential toxicity associated
with the range of exposure pathways generally evaluated at Super-
fund and RCRA sites. The HEAST is structured to point the user to
these sources.
Hierarchy of Sources
We recognize that at any point in time there may be multiple
Agency documents or data bases that present conflicting values or
assessments on a specific chemical. For this reason the following
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hierarchy of sources is recommended in evaluating chemical toxicity
for Superfund sites:
1. The Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and
cited references. This data base is updated monthly but
may still have data gaps. Call IRIS USER Support at
513/569-7254 (FTS 684-7254) for further information.
2. The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) and
cited references.
3. Consultation with EPA staff (ECAO's Chemical Mixtures
Branch at (513)569-7300; FTS 684-7300).
4. Do_not_consul.t either the toxicity tables (Appendix A) in
the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (SPHEM, U.S.
EPA, 1986) or the September 1988 Public Health Risk
Evaluation Data Base (PHRED) as these sources are likely
to contain numerous values that have since become out-of-
date.
References:
Most cited Agency references (e.g., HEAs, HEEPs, HEEDs, etc.)/
are (or will soon be) available through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA
22161 (703/487-4650 or 800/336-4700). Carcinogen Assessment Group
(GAG) Profiles cited in Table B are available through RCRA docket
(202/475-9327).
Questions
Questions regarding the contents of the HEAST (e.g., chemicals
not covered, pending RfDs) should be directed to EPA's Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office in Cincinnati, OH at
(513)569-7300.
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Ordering Information
Limited copies of the HEAST are available for EPA Superfund
staff, States Superfund programs and other Federal agencies working
on Superfund sites and EPA contractors working for the EPA Super-
fund program. If you fall into one of these groups you can call
the Toxics Integration Branch (202) 475-9490 to be put on the
mailing list.
EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) requests that their users
(i.e. OSW staff, contractors, State solid waste programs) call
Steve Kroner of the Office of Solid Waste at (202) 382-5219 to
obtain copies of the HEAST. Regional OSW staff are reminded that
copies are sent to all EPA Regional libraries.
Users of the HEAST in EPA's Office of Air and Radiation and
state air programs should call Fred Hauchman of EPA's Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards at (919) 541-5339. All others must
purchase the document from;
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4650
Starting in FY91, the HEAST is being produced as an annual publica-
tion with quarterly supplements. This NTIS order is PB91921100.
For ordering information, call NTIS Subscriptions Department at
(703)487-4630. NTIS normally ships 4th class United States mail.
You may wish to consult with NTIS concerning the use of an over-
night delivery service.
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IN PY91
a 1 Pub 1 i cation
This document is the FY 91 annual update of the Health Effects
Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared by EPA's Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office for use at both Superfund and RCRA
sites. This edition of the HEAST completely replaces the previous
edition of this document. Beginning with the FY 91 edition, the
HEAST will no longer be issued in separate quarterly editions, with
each issue replacing the previous issue. Instead, in January of
each year, an annual or "main" edition will be issued. Quarterly
supplements to the January edition will be issued in April (second
quarter supplement), July (third quarter supplement) and October
(fourth quarter supplement). (For further information consult the
Introduction of this document.)
ISSUES;
Recent activity by the RfC/RfD and CRAVE Work Groups has
changed the status (usually from "under review" to "verified" or
from "verified" to "available on IRIS") of several chemicals in
Tables A and B. Each change of status is not detailed in the list
of chemical-specific changes below. New additions to Tables A and
B, as well as amendments to the values found in Tables A and B are
described below.
On 01/01/91 the inhalation slope factors were removed from the
quantitative cancer risk assessments available on IRIS. The CRAVE
Work Group felt that calculation of an inhalation slope factor from
the unit risk may be a misleading use of the data because of the
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need to introduce assumptions regarding inhalation rate and body
weight. This change in IRIS is not reflected in this update of the
BEAST. The Superfund Office is currently evaluating the impact of
the removal of inhalation slope factors on Superfund cancer risk
assessments and on future updates of the HEAST.
RfC/RfD and Work Group reports 01/01/91
were used in this update of Tables A and B.
TO A;.
Allyl chloride
Allyl chloride was the subject of a HEEP (U.S. EPA? 1983) in
which risk assessment values based on systemic toxicity were
not derived due to the known carcinogenicity of this chemical.
The RfD/RfC Work Group recently verified an for allyl
chloride; data regarding inhalation exposure and corresponding
references have been entered into Table A. The oral RfD
reported in Table A is an interim value, calculated based on
extrapolation from the inhalation study that serves as the
basis of the inhalation Rfc.
Aniline
Aniline was the subject of a HEEP (U.S. EPA, 1985) in which
risk assessment values based on systemic toxicity were not
derived due to the known carcinogenicity of this chemical.
The RfD/RfC Work Group recently verified an RfC for aniline;
data regarding inhalation exposure and corresponding
references have been entered into Table A.
Ethylbenzene
A recently verified inhalation RfC was to Table A.
Ethylchloride
A recently verified inhalation RfC was added to Table A.
Fluorene
The footnote is changed to indicate that the oral RfD is now
on IRIS.
2-Methoxyethanol
Inhalation RfC was changed to correspond to a recently
verified value? oral RfD reported is an interim value,
calculated on extrapolation from the study that serves as the
basis of the inhalation RfC.
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it 4 V-MethxIenediphenyl isocyanate
A recently verified inhalation RfC was added to Table A.
Calculation of an oral RfD based on route-to-route extrapo-
lation is inappropriate because portal-of-entry effects were
observed in the inhalation study.
Naphthalene
The footnote is added to indicate that this chemical has been
verified by CRAVE as an EPA weight-of-evidenee Group D
substance,
2-NitroproB.ane
2-Nitropropane was the subject of a HEEP (U.S. EPA, 1985) in
which risk assessment values based on systemic toxicity were
not derived due to the known carcinogenicity of this chemical.
The RfD/RfC Work Group recently verified an RfC for 2-nitro-
propane; data regarding inhalation exposure and corresponding
references have been entered into Table A.
Propylene oxide
Propylene oxide was the subject of a HEEP (U.S. EPA, 1985) in
which risk assessment values based on systemic toxicity were
not derived due to the known carcinogenicity of this chemical.
The RfD/RfC Work Group recently verified an RfC for propylene
oxide; data regarding inhalation exposure and corresponding
references have been entered into Table A.
TrinitrophenylMethylnitramine
This is a new entry from a recently finalized HEED. Risk
assessment information has now been incorporated in this
entry. The appropriate citations have also been added to
"References for Table A".
Vinyl Acetate
A footnote is added to indicate that the inhalation RfC is now
on IRIS.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC TO TABLE Bs C&RCINOGENICITY
Atrazine
Recently verified oral slope factor and unit risk have been
added to Table B.
Benz [ a ] anthracene
The footnote is changed to indicate that the classification
is now on IRIS.
A new footnote is added to indicate that the classification
is verified and on IRIS. Quantitative estimates, derived in
a HEA document (U.S. EPA, 1984), have not been verified.
•7-
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The footnote is changed to indicate that the classification
is now on IRIS.
BenzoXkJ_fluQranthene
The footnote is changed to indicate that the classification
is now on IRIS.
Ch lor o thai o nil.
The footnote was changed to indicate that newly verified oral
slope factor and unit risk have been added to Table B.
Dibenz[a_,_hlanthracene
The footnote is changed to indicate that the classification
is now on IRIS.
Indeno [..!_,.. 2,3 -cd ] pyrene
The footnote is changed to indicate that the classification
is now on IRIS.
MethyJLene chloride
A footnote was added to indicate that only the inhalation unit
risk, which has been corrected, is verified and available on
IRIS. IRIS notes that calculation of a slope factor is
inappropriate when pharmacokinetic models are used.
Prgpyleneoxide
A footnote was added to indicate that only the inhalation unit
risk is verified and available on IRIS. IRIS did not provide
an explanation as to why an inhalation slope factor was not
derived.
Tetr_achl_Qrpethy_l_enei
A footnote was added to indicate that the weight-of-evidence
was recently verified (12/06/90). However, quantitative
estimates were not calculated by the CRAVE Work Group.
Numbers presented in Table B should only be viewed as interim,
pending further notice.
TO TABLE JC; RADIONPCIiIDE CARCIHOGENICITY
To HEAST Table C on Radionuclide Carcinogenicity, cancer slope
factors have been added for Rn-222 plus decay products, for Po-218,
and for soluble forms of Pu-239, Pu-240 and Pu-242. Pathway-
specific risk values have also been calculated and included in
Table C for each of these radionuclides.
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USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize
reference concentrations (RfCs) and doses (RfDs) for toxicity from
subchronic and chronic inhalation and oral exposure (Table A) and
slope factors and unit risk values for carcinogenicity based on
lifetime inhalation and oral exposure (Table B). A more complete
discussion of how Superfund develops and considers the toxicity
assessment in hazardous waste sites is presented in Chapter 7 of
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund; Human Health Evaluation
Manual Part A. The chemicals included in the tables are the
subjects of final drafts of Health Effects Assessment documents
(HEAs), Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (HEEPs), Health
and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs), Health Assessment
Documents (HADs) and Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCDs). Also
included in the HEAST are chemicals commonly found at RCRA sites
as identified by the Office of Solid Waste Technical Assessment
Branch. The information in HEA Summary Tables A and B is excerpted
from the original documents and is expanded and updated quarterly
to include chemicals addressed in HEAs, HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs that
have been finalized since the last update and to bring existing
values into conformity with more recent EPA assessments, especially
RfC/RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications. The references listed
for each chemical in the Reference column and References section
represent not only the study or studies that are the basis for the
RfC, RfD, slope factor or unit risk, but also the U.S. EPA
reference that is the source of the Agency analysis or risk
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assessment values and the IRIS citation for values verified by the
RfD/RfC or CRAVE work groups. Verified values are indicated in the
tables by a footnote.
The following documents cited in this section may be obtained
from their respective sources:
From the Center for Environmental Research Information
(513)569-7562.
Risk Assessment Guidance: Volume 1, Human
Health Evaluation Manual, Part A.
EPA/540/1-89/OQ2.
Air Quality Criteria Documents.
From the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
(703)487-4780.
Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Doses. EPA/600/8-88/006F. Order
number PB90-145723. The price is $31.00.
Table As Subohronic and Chronic Tojciclty (other than carcino-
genicity)
The RfC or RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of the daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a portion
of the lifetime, in the case of a subchronic RfC or RfD (designated
"subchronic" in Table A and formerly called AIS), or during the
lifetime, in the case of a chronic RfC or RfD (designated "chronic"
in Table A and formerly called AIC). The RfC and RfD values are
listed in Table A in columns with headings "Inhalation RfC" and
"Oral RfD." The RfC or RfD is derived by dividing the NOAEL (or
LOAEL if a suitable NOAEL is not available) for subchronic or
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chronic exposure by an uncertainty factor (UF) times a modifying
factor (MF):
RfC or RfD = NOAEL or LOAEL
UF x MF
In Table A, the NOAEL or LOAEL that is the basis for the RfC or RfD
value is listed under "Exposure." When a NOAEL or LOAEL is
reported in terms of exposure concentration and schedule, the
calculated mg/kg/day dose for oral and inhalation studies assessed
by the older method is given in parentheses. An inhaled mg/kg/day
dose is not calculated for studies assessed by the newer Interim
Methods. The species in which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined
and the effect of concern are also described, and the reference for
the study is presented. The effect of concern listed is that
associated with the chemical and not necessarily with the dose
listed. In the "Exposure," "Effect of Concern" and "Reference"
columns, information for the inhalation route is given first,
separated from information for the oral route by a semicolon or
slash.
The uncertainty factor used in calculating the RfC or RfD
reflects scientific judgment regarding the various types of data
used to estimate RfC or RfD values. An uncertainty factor of 10
is usually used to account for variations in human sensitivity when
extrapolating from valid human studies involving subchronic or
long-term exposure of average, healthy subjects. An additional 10-
fold factor is usually used for each of the following extrapola-
tions: from long-term animal studies to the case of humans, from
a LOAEL to a NOAEL, and to expand from subchronic to chronic
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exposure. In order to reflect professional assessment of the
uncertainties of the study and data base not explicitly addressed
by the above uncertainty factors (e.g., completeness of the overall
data base), an additional uncertainty factor or modifying factor
ranging from greater than 0 to less than or equal to 10 is applied.
The default value for this modifying factor is 1.
A subchronic RfC or RfD is usually derived, if not previously
derived in health effects documents that originally addressed the
chemical, for chemicals for which a chronic RfC or RfD is presented
in Table A. The subchronic RfC or RfD is derived in either of two
ways. If an uncertainty factor to expand from subchronic to
chronic exposure was used in the derivation of the chronic RfC or
RfD, the subchronic RfC or RfD is derived from the same benchmark
concentration or dose without application of the uncertainty factor
to expand from subchronic to chronic exposure. If, however, the
chronic RfC or RfD was derived without use of an uncertainty factor
to expand from subchronic to chronic exposure, the chronic RfC or
RfD is adopted as the subchronic RfC or RfD.
Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor,
multiplied together to form a single factor, under the heading
"Uncertainty Factor." For example, the uncertainty factor of 500
listed for the chronic oral RfD for cyanide reflects an uncertainty
factor of 100 and a modifying factor of 5? the uncertainty factor
of 100 listed for the subchronic oral RfD for bromomethane reflects
an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of 1.
RfC and RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for
which they are listed on Table A. In the few instances where an
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oral RfD has been extrapolated from inhalation data, the extrapola-
tion is indicated by footnoting the value.
The interim methods for the derivation of inhalation RfCs were
adopted by the Agency in 1988. These methods are different from
those used for oral RfDs because of (1) the dynamics of the
respiratory system and its diversity across species, and (2)
differences in the physicochemical properties of contaminants (such
as the size and shape of a particle or whether the contaminant is
an aerosol or a gas). Parameters such as deposition, clearance
mechanisms and the physicochemical properties of the inhaled agent
are considered in the determination of the effective dose delivered
to the target organ. Additional information concerning this
methodology can be found in "Interim Methods for Development of
Inhalation Reference Doses" (U.S. EPA, 1989, EPA/600/8-88/066F) .
An RfC value calculated using this interim methodology is generally
reported as a concentration in air (mg/m3) , although it may be
converted to a corresponding inhaled dose (mg/kg/day) by dividing
by 70 kg (an assumed human body weight) and multiplying by 20
m3/day (an assumed human inhalation rate).
Inhalation RfD values reported in HEAs and early HEEDs that
were finalized prior to the implementation of the interim methods
were calculated using methods similar in concept to those used for
oral RfDs. These values are reported both as a concentration in
air (in mg/m3 for continuous, 24 hours/day exposure) and as a
corresponding inhaled dose (in mg/kg/day) in the column "Inhalation
RfC."
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RfD values for oral exposure are reported as mg/kg/day. An
oral RfD value can be converted to a corresponding concentration
in drinking water, assuming human body weight of 70 kg and water
consumption of 2 £/day, as follows;
mg/£ in water = oralRfD (in mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
2 £/day
The RfC or RfD is used as a reference point for gauging the
potential effects of other exposures. Usually, exposures that are
less than the RfD or RfD are not likely to be associated with
health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding the RfC or
RfD increases and as the size of the excess increases, the prob-
ability increases that adverse health effects may be observed in
a human population. Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would
categorize all exposures below the RfC or RfD as "acceptable"
(risk-free) and all exposures in excess of the RfC or RfD as
"unacceptable" (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In
addition, RfC and RfD values, and particularly those with limita-
tions in the quality or quantity of supporting data, are subject
to change as additional information becomes available.
When RfC or RfD values are listed for chemicals that are
carcinogens, the entry under "Effect of Concern" in Table A will
list cancer and will refer to .Table B if additional information
concerning carcinogenicity is available in that table. RfC and RfD
values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpoints only and should not be assumed to be protective
against carcinogenicity.
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Table B: Ca.rcinQ.geni.city.
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the
Human Health Assessment Group (HHAG) of the U.S. EPA classifies the
chemical into one of the following groups, according to the weight
of evidence from epidemiological studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carcino-
genicity in humans)
Group B - Probable Human Carcinogen (Bl - limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans,* B2 - sufficient evidence
of carcinogenicity in animals with inadequate or
lack of evidence in humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals and inadequate or lack
of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity
(inadequate or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of Noncarcinogenicity for Humans (no
evidence of carcinogenicity in adequate studies).
These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
Quantitative carcinogenic risk assessments are performed for
chemicals in Groups A and B, and on a case-by~case basis for
chemicals in Group C. Cancer slope factors (formerly called cancer
potency factors in the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual)
are estimated through the use of mathematical extrapolation models,
most commonly the linearized multistage model, for estimating the
largest possible linear slope (within the 95% confidence limit) at
low extrapolated doses that is consistent with the data. The slope
factor or risk is characterized as an upper-bound estimate, i.e.,
the true risk to humans, while not identifiable, is not likely to
exceed the upper-bound estimate and in fact may be lower.
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Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table B include
the following:
slope factor = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
route-specific unit risk for inhalation exposure = risk per
concentration unit in air = risk per fj,g/m3
Unit risk estimates for inhalation and oral exposure can be
calculated by dividing the appropriate slope factor by 70 kg and
multiplying by the inhalation rate (20 m3/clay) or the water
consumption rate (2 £/day), respectively, for risk associated with
unit concentration in air or water. Hence,
risk per /ug/m3 (air) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 20 m3/day x I0~3(mg//ig)
70 kg
risk per i^g/t (water) =
ng/kg/day) x
70 kg
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 2 £/day x 10 3 (mg/pg)
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under "Unit
Risk [slope factor]" in Table B. Information on the study and data
set used for estimation of the slope factor is given in the other
columns of Table B, In the "Exposure" and "Reference" columns,
information for the inhalation route is given first, separated from
information for the oral route by a semicolon or slash.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates are specific for the route
of exposure for which they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are
used in Table B to indicate those instances in which the values for
inhalation or oral exposure are based on extrapolation from another
route of exposure.
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To estimate risk-specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table B, the specified level of risk
is divided by the unit risk for air. Hence the air concentration
(in jug/m3) corresponding to an upper-bound increased lifetime
cancer risk of IxlO'5 is calculated as follows;
/ig/xn3 in air = _ , _ 1x10" 5 ....................................
unit risk in
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in drinking water
from the oral slope factor values presented in Table B, the
specified level of risk is multiplied by 70 kg and divided by the
slope factor and by 2 £/day. Hence , the water concentration
corresponding to an upper-bound increased lifetime cancer risk of
IxlO'5 is calculated as follows:
mg/€ in water = _ 1x10..." 5x .7.0 kgL_ _ ______
slope factor in (mg/kg/day) "1 x 2 £/day
mm *| *7 m~
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juui utuiUHjLU MXiUlTY (OTHER TEAK CARCINOGEHICI1Y)
gavage lor au days
gavage for 90 days
stibchronic HA; 2 DDHI in the rH of. ?JA
ill*, I* £.}Jlti ili l*iif <*^J I J U"5/*v&/ uay j
ND
4E-3a
signs; ooay weignt, 1E-1 (4E-2) ?E-2n
innaiacion Ural Inhalation/Oral
3UU U.S. EPA, 1987/
1989, 1990
3000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA
100
Cn 1OR7.
U.S. EPA, 1986,
U.S. EPA 1986.
500 Blank
nianK ana XhaKe,
1988/Howard and
U.S. EPA,
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SU»«RY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AHD CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAH CARCINOGEHICI1Y)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Acetonitrile
subehronic
chronic
Ac etophenone
subehronic
chronic
Acrolein
subehronic
chronic
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
100 ppm (168 mg/ro ) mouse mouse
6 hours/day, 65/92
days (39.0 mg/kg/day);
100 ppm (168 mg/md)
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
o
100 ppm (168 mg/ro ) mouse mouse
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
ppm (188 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/m continuously rat rat
for 70 days (0.0045
mg/kg/day); 10,000 ppm
diet (8450 ppm, correcting
for volatilization) for
17 weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
0,007 mg/m continuously rat rat
for 70 days (0.0045
mg/kg/day); 10,000 ppm
diet (8450 ppm, correcting
for volatilization) for
17 weeks (423 rng/kg/day)
0,4 ppm, 6 hours/day, rat NA
5 days/week for 62 days ;
HA
0.4 ppm, 6 hours/day, rat NA
5 days/week for 62 days;
HA
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
elevated relative
liver weight;
elevated relative
liver weight
decreased RBC counts
and hematocrit and
hepatic lesions;
decreased RBC counts and
hematocrit and hepatic
lesions
congestion of cardiac
vessels and liver dys~
trophy, reduced albumin/
globulin ratio; none
observed
congestion of cardiac
vessels and liver dys-
trophy, reduced albumin/
globulin ration; none
observed
pulmonary function
and lung composi-
tion; NA
pulmonary function
and lung compos i~
tion; NA (also see
Table B)
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
5E-1 (1E-1) 6E-2b 300 300 Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
5E-2 (1E-2)S 6E-3b'y 3000 3000 Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
2E-4 (5E-5) 1E+Q 100 300 Imasheva, 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Hagan et al. ,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
2E-5 (5E-6)ff 1E-13 1000 3000 Imasheva, 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Hagan et al . ,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
1E-3 ND 300 HA Costa et al.,
1986; Kutzman,
1981; Kutzman,
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
1E-4J N0P 3000 NA Costa et al. ,
1986; Kutzman,
1981; Kutzman,
et al. , 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1987
A-2
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SUMABX TABLE A: SOBCHROHIC AMD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTBER TH&H CABCIHOSENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Acrylamide
subchronie
chronic
Acrylic acid
subchronie
chronic
Adiponitrile
Alachlor
subchronic
chronic
Aldicarb
subchronic
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day in the
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day in the
drinking water for 90
days
0.5 ppm (14.94 mg/m3 )
6 hours/day, 5 days/week,
LOAELHEC=0 • 333)g/ra ;
83 mg/kg/day in fche water
for 3 months
0.5 ppm (14.94 rng/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/week,
LOAELHEC=0 - 33mg/m3 ;
83 mg/kg/day in the water
for 3 months
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 1 ppm diet for
1 year (0.02 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppiB diet for
aldicarb sulfoxide in
diet for 3~6 months
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
mouse rat
mouse rat
DATA
NA dog
NA dog
NA dog
NA dog
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; nerve damage ND 2E-3
NA; nerve damage NDff 2E-4a
(also see Table B)
lesions of the nasal 3E-3 8E-1
tnucosa; reduced body
weight, altered organ
weights
lesions of the nasal 3E-4a 8E-2a
auoosa; reduced body
weight, altered organ
weights
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
NA; hemolytic anemia, ND 1E-2
hemosiderosis
NA; hemolytic anemia, ND lE-2a
hemosiderosis
(also see Table B)
NA; plasma cholinesterase ND 7E-5
inhibition
NA; plasma cholinesterase HD 7E-5J
inhibition
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 NA/Burek et al. ,
1980; O.S, EPA,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1390
NA 1000 NA/Burek et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
100 100 Miller et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1990/DePass
et al. , 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
1000 1000 Miller et al. ,
1981; O.S. EPA,
1990/DePass
et al. , 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 RA/Monsanto
Company, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Monsanto
Company , 1984 ;
O.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 300 NA/Hazelton
Labs. America,
Inc., 1988
NA 300 NA/Hazelton
Labs. America,
Inc., 1988
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Aldrin
subchronic
chronic
Allidochlor
Allyl alcohol
subchronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.5 ppm in diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg /kg/day)
NA; 0.5 ppm in diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg /kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm in the
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral {mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 3E-5
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 3E-5a
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver and kidney ND 5E-2
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 NA/Fitzhugh,
et al. , 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Fitzhugh
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/Carpanini
chronic
drinking water for 15
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm in the
drinking water for 15
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
NA
rat NA; liver and kidney
ND
5E-3a
NA
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
1000 NA/Carpanini
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
Allyl chloride (3~chloropropene)
subchronic 17 mg/m 6 hours/day,
6 days/week for 5 months,
NOAELHEC=3 • 3
chronic
17 mg/m3 6 hours/day,
6 days/week for 5 months
(1.5 mg/kg/day)
17 mg/m 6 hours/day,
6 days/week for 5 months,
NOAELHEC=3 • 6mg/m3 ;
*i
17 mg/m 6 hours/day,
6 days/week for 5 months
(1.5 mg/kg/day)
Aluminum
rabbit
rabbit
Aluminum phosphide
subchronic NA; 0.51 mg phosphine/kg NA
fumigated chow for 2
years (0.25 mg phosphine/
kg/day) (0.043 mg
aluminum phosphine/kg/day)
rabbit peripheral neurotoxicity; 1E-2
peripheral neurotoxicity
rabbit peripheral neurotoxicity; 1E-31-5
peripheral neurotoxicity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; body weight and NA
clinical parameters
5E-3
5E-2
4E-4
300 300 Boquin et al.
1982/Boquin
et al., 1982
3000 3000 Boquin et al.
1982; U.S. EPA,
1990/Booruin
et al., 1982
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/Hackenburg
1972; U.S. EPA,
1990
A-4
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSES35EHTS SOHMARX TABLE A: SUBCHBDMIC AMD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN C&RCIHOGEHICIIT)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic NA; 0.51 mg phosphine/kg
fumigated chow for 2
years (0.25 mg phosphine/
kg/day) (0.043 mg
aluminum phosphine/kg/day)
Ametryn
subchronic HA; 10 mg/kg/day, 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
chronic NA; 10 mg/kg/day, 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
l-Amino-2-naphthol and
l-Amino-2~naphthol hydrochloride
m-Aminophenol
subehronio NA; 1300 ppm in the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
chronic SA; 1300 ppm in the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/fcg/day)
o-Aminophenol
p-Aminophenol
4-Aminopyridine
subchronic NA; 3 ppm in diet
for 90 days (0.15
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 3 ppm in diet
for 90 days (0.15
nig/kg/day)
Anraonia
subchronic 0.36 mg/m continuous;
9934 mg/t in drinking
water
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat SA; body weight and NA 4E-4a
clinical parameters
NA rat NA; liver ND 9E-2
NA rat NA; liver ND 9E-3a
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; thyroid and body , ND 7E-1
weight
NA rat NA; thyroid and body ND 7E-2
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat HA; increased liver ND 2E-4
(males) and brain
weight (females)
NA rat NA; increased liver ND 2E-58
(males ) and brain
weight (females)
human human odor threshold; 0.36° 34 mg/£
taste threshold in drinking
water
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 NA/Hackenburg
1972; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/Ciba-Geigy,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Ciba-Geigy,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/Re et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
NA 1000 NA/Re et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
0.S, EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Kohn, 1968; 0.S.
EPA, 1980, 1989
NA 10,000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Kohn, 1968; U.S.
EPA, 1980, 1989
none none Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987/Campbell
et al. , 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1981,
1987; WHO, 1986
A-5
-------
BEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS StMMRY TABLE A: SUBCHRQHIC AND CHROHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
chronic
Aniline
subchronic
chronic
Anthracene
subchronic
chronic
Antimony
subchronic
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
0.36 mg/m continuous;
34 mg/£ in drinking
water
5 ppm (19 mg/m3)
6 hours/day 5 days/
week for 2Q— 26 weeks,
NOAELHEC=3 . Amg/m3 ; NA
5 ppm (19 mg/m3)
6 hours/day 5 days/
week for 20-26 weeks,
NOAELHEC=3 • 4mg/m3 ; NA
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
by savage for 90 days
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 90 days
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 rag Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
human human odor threshold;
taste threshold
rat, NA spleen toxicity; NA
guinea pig,
mouse
rat, NA spleen toxicity; NA
guinea pig, (see also Table B)
mouse
NA mouse NA; No effects
NA mouse NA; No effects
NA rat cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
0.36C'^ 34 mg/£ none none Carson et al. ,
in drinking 1981; U.S. EPA,
waterd 1987/Campbell
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1981,
1987; WHO, 1986
1E-2 ND 300 NA Oberst et al.
1956; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1985
1990
1E-33 ND 3000 NA Oberst et al.
1956; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1985
1990
ND 3E+0 NA 300 NA/U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
ND 3E-la NA 3000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
ND 4E-4 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
ND 4E-4a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
Antimony pentoxide
subchronic NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Bs/kg/day,
0.46 mg Sb205kg/day)
NA
rat cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
ND
5E-4
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-6
-------
EEALTE EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMftRX TABLE A: SOBCHROKIC AKD CHROMIC TOXICITT (OTHER THAI CASCIHQGEHICIXY)
Opdate: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
chronic NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.46 rag Sb2Q5kg/day)
Antimony potassium
tartrate
subchronic HA; 5 ppm Sb from MA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
CO. 35 ms Sb/kg/day,
0.93 rag SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 5 ppra Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 rag Sb/fcg/day,
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
Antimony tetroxide
subchronic NA; 5 ppm Sb from anti~ NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
in drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
chronic NA; 5 pptn Sb from anti- NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
in drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.44 mg Sb2O4/kg/day)
Antimony trioxide
subchrotiic NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancere; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer6; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day } 3 (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 5E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1990
ND 9E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
ND 9E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
ND 4E-4f HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA,
1990
ND 4E-4f HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1987, 1990
ND 4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
(0,35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
A-7
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SOt*MRY TABLE A: SOBCHRONIC ARD CHRONIC TQXICITY (OTHER THAU CARCIHOGEHICIIY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
chronic
Aramite
sub chronic
chronic
Arsenic
subchronic
chronic
.Atrazine
subchronic
chronic
Barium
subchronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 tug Sb/fcg/day,
0.42 mg Sb2O3/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm in diet
for 52 weeks (12.5
rag /kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm in
diet for 104 weeks
(5 mg/kg/day)
HA; 1 pg/kg/day
HA; 1 Aig/kg/day
NA; 10 ppoi in the diet,
2-generation study
(0.5 rog/kg/day)
KA; 10 ppm in the diet,
2-generation study
(0.5 mg/kg/day)
1.15 mg BaCOs/m3
(0.80 mg Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 mg Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from BaCl2
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) in
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat oancere; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
HA dog KA; degenerative liver
effect
HA rat NA; increased liver
weight
(also see Table B)
NA human NA; keratosis and
hyperpigmentation
NA human NA; keratosis and
hyperpigmentation
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decreased body
weight of pups
NA rat NA; decreased body
weight of pups
rat rat fetotoxicity; increased
blood pressure
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (ing/kg/day)] (ing/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 4E-4f HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1990
KD 1E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Os er and Os er,
I960
ND 5S-28 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Popper et al, ,
1960; Oser and
Oser, 1962
ND 1E-3 NA 1 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng, 1977
ND 1E-38 NA 1 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng, 1977
ND 5E-3 HA 100 NA/Ciba-Seigy,
1987; U.S. 1PA,
1984, 1990
ND 5E-3a NA 100 NA/Ciba-Geigy ,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
5E-3 UE-3)aa 51-2 100 100 Tarasenko et
al., 1S77;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Perry et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
drinking water for
<16 months
A-8
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUKMARY TABLE A: SOBCHROSIC AMD CHROSIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CARCINOGEMICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect,of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation R£C
,3
Oral RfD
Uncertainty Factor
Reference
[mg/mj (mg/kg/day)] (ing/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
chronic 1.15 rag BaC03/mJ
(0.80 mg/Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 rag Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from BaCl2
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) in
drinking water for
^16 months
Barium cyanide
subchronic NA; 10 ppm barium in
drinking water for up
to 16 months, equivalent
to barium cyanide at
7 mg/kg/day
chronic NA; 10 ppm barium in
drinking water for tip
to 16 months, equivalent
to barium cyanide at
7 mg/kg/day
Benefin
subchronic NA; 25 ing/kg/day in the
• diet for 1 year
rat
rat
chronic
HA; 25 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 1 year
Benzal chloride
Bens: aldehyde
subchronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
chronic NA; 200 ing/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin
NA
NA
NA
BA
NA
NA
rat
rat
dog
dog
fetotoxicity; increased
blood pressure
5E-4 (lE-4)aa 5E-2ee
1000
NA; hypertension
NA; hypertension
HA; hematological
effects
NA; hematological
effects
ND
ND
ND
ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; kidney, forestomach ND
rat NA; kidney, forestomach
ND
7E-2
3E-1
3I-1E
1E+0
lE-ld
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATI¥E RISK ASSESSMENT
100 Tarasenko et
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 198V
Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985,
1990
100 NA/Perry et al.
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
100 NA/Perry et al.
1983; O.S. EPA,
1990
100 NA/Eli Lilly
Co., 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
100 SA/Eli Lilly
Co., 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
100 NA/Kluwe et al.
1983; U.S. EPA,
1-985, 1990
1000 NA/Kluwe et al.
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988
A-9
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SWMARY TABLE A: STJBCHRDHIC AHD CHRONIC TCKICITY {OTHER THAU CARCIHQGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
Benzidine
subchronic NA; 160 ppm benzidine HA mouse HA; brain cell and
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 3E-3 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
dihydrochloride in
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 160 ppm benzidine
dihydrochloride in
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
chronic
Benzole acid
subchronic NA; per capita daily
dietary intake of
benzoic acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
chronic NA; per capita daily
dietary intake of
benzoic acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
Benzyl Alcohol
subchronic MA; 200 rag/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 13 weeks
(143 mg/kg/day)
chronic
NA; 400 mg/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 103 weeks
(286 mg/kg/day)
NA
HA
liver cell changes
mouse HA; brain cell and
liver cell changes
(also see Table B)
human NA; irritation, malaise
NA
human NA; irritation, malaise
rat HA; decrease in body
weight
rat NA; hyperplasia of the
epithelium of the
forestomach
ND
ND
ND
HD
ND
3E-3°
4E+0
4E+0*
1E+0
3E-1
NA
NA
NA
NA
Littlefield
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Littlefield
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987
1 U.S. EPA, 1987/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
HIP, 1988; U.S.
EPA, 1989
1000
U.S. EPA, 1989/
HTP, 1988; U.S.
EPA, 1989
Beryllium
subchronic
chronic
NA; 5 ppm in drinking
water for lifetime
(0.54 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm in drinking
water for lifetime
(0.54 rag/kg/day)
NA
NA
rat HA; none observed
rat NA; none observed
(also see Table B)
ND
ND
5E-3
NA
HA
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
Mitchener, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1990
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
Mitchener, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SW«AR¥ TABLE A: SUBCHBQHIC ABB CH1OHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIHQGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
1,1' -Eiphenyl
subchronic NA; 0.1% in the diet
for 700 days (50 mg/kg/
day)
chronic HA; 0.1% in the diet
for 700 days (50 mg/kg/
day)
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
subchronic HA; 400 ppm in diet for
up to 104 weeks
(35.8 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 400 ppm in diet for
up to 104 weeks
(35.8 mg/kg/day)
Bis(2-ethylhe3cyl) phthalate
subchronic NA; 0.04% of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0.04Z of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
Bisphenol A
subchronic HA; 0~1000 ppm for
18 weeks , 2 generations
(HOAEL 750 ppm=
62 mg/fcg/day}
chronic HA; 0, 1000, 2000 ppm
in diet for 103 weeks
(1000 ppm=50 mg/kg/day)
Boron
subchronic NA; 350 ppm in diet
(8,75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat HA; kidney damage
NA rat HA; kidney damage
NA mottse NA; decrease in hemo-
globin and possible
erythrocyte destruction
NA mouse NA; decrease in hemo-
globin and possible
erythrocyte destruction
NA guinea NA; increased relative
pig liver weight
NA guinea NA; increased relative
pig liver weight
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; reduced body weight
NA rat HA; reduced body weight
NA dog NA; testicular lesions
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
[mg/tn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
ND 5E-2
NDff 5E-2a
ND 4E-2
ND 4E-2a
ND 2E-2
ND 2E-2a
KD 6E-1
RD 5E-2a
ND 9E-2
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 NA/Ambrose
et al. , 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 HA/ Ambrose
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Mitsumori et
al. , 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Mitsumori et
al., 197S; U.S.
EPA, 1990
KA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987 /
Carpenter
et al., 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carpenter
et al. , 1S53;
U.S. EPA, 1990
HA 100 U.S. IPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1988, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
HTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1988,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weir and Fisher,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
A-11
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS StRMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROME TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CARCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic HA; 350 ppni in diet
(8.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
Brominated dibenso~p~dioxins
and dibenzofarans
Bromoacetone
Bromochloroethanes
Soecies Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
HA dog NA; testicular lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
[mg/nr {mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
HD 9E-2a
RISK ASSESSMENT1
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Heir and Fisher,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA,
1985a,b, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1386
U.S. EPA, 1985
Bromodiehloromethane
subchronic HA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
Bromoform
subchronic NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
chronic
Bromometnane
subchronic
chronic
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m;i5
7.5 hours/day, 4 days/
week for 8 months (EEC=
18 mg/m3); 2 rag/kg
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(1.4 mg/kg/day)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3)
7.5 hours/day, 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC™
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13
weeks (1.4 mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; renal cytomegaly
NA mouse NA, renal cyt-omegaly
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver effects
NA rat NA; liver effects
(also see Table B)
rabbit rat neurotoxicity; hyper-
plasia of forestomach
epithelium
rabbit rat neurotoxicity; hyper~
plasia of forestomach
epithelium
HD
HD
ND
6E-2
2E-2
2E-2a
2E-1
2£-2a
1.4E-2
NA
NA
NA
300
6E-3-3
3000
1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1990
1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1990
100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
100 Russo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990/Danse
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
1000
Russo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990/Danse
et" al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SOBCHRQBIC AMD CBROKIC TOXICITY (OTHER TBAH C&RCIHOGESICITY)
Update: December, 1990.
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)J (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bromophos
subchronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day in the NA
diet for 3 generations
chronic HA; 5 mg/kg/day in the NA
diet for 3 generations
Bromoxynil
subchronic NA; 100 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 100 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
Bromoxynil octanoate
sabchronic NA; 100 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 10Q ppm in the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
Busan 77
Busan 90
1-Butanol (n-Butanol)
Subchronic NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA
NA
NA
chronic
HA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
HA
NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
rat NA; depression of ND
plasma and liver
cholinesterase
rat NA; depression of ND
plasma and liver
cholinesterase
(also see Table B)
rat NA; no adverse effects
rat NA; no adverse effects
rat NA; no adverse effects
rat NA; no adverse effects
ND
ND
KD
ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; effects on erythro- ND
cyte
rat NA; effects on erythro- ND
cyte
5E-2
5E-3
2E-2
2E-2
2E-2a
1E+0
1E-1*
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 KA/Leuschner
et al. , 1867;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 1000 NA/Leuschner
et al.( 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 300 NA/Union
Carbide, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
HA 300 NA/Union
Carbide, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
HA 300 NA/Union
Carbide, 1982
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 SA/Union
Carbide, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
ND 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1989, 1990
ND 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1989, 1990
A-13
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUWMRY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AHD CHROHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CARCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 199Q
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Butylate
subchronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
chronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
Savage for 12 months
Butyl benzyl phthalate
subehronic NA; 0.28% of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg /kg/day)
chronic NA; 0.28% of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
t-Butylchloride
Butyrolactone, gamma
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (tng/kg/day ) ] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog HA; liver effects ND 5E-2
SA dog HA; liver effects ND 5E-2a
NA rat HA; effects on body ND 2E-H)
weight gain, testes,
liver, kidney
NA rat NA; effects on body ND 2E-la
weight gain, testes,
liver, kidney
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 RA/Stauffer
Chem. Co., 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 100 NA/Stauffer
Chem. Co., 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1984
1989, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987,
1989/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987, 1989, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987,
1989/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987, 1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 198V
U.S. EPA, 198V
Cacodylic acid
subchronic NA; 184 mg/kg cacodylic NA
acid in diet for 90 days
(9.2 mg/kg/day)
chronic
Cadmium
HA; 184 ing/kg cacodylic NA
acid in diet for 90 days
(9.2 mg/kg/day)
rat
NA; none
NA; none
ND
3E-
3E-3g,bb
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Nees, 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1989
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Sees, 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1989
subchronic NA; NA
chronic NA; NA
NA NA cancer; NA
NA human cancer (see Table B);
renal damage
ND
NDS
NDn NA
1E-3 (food)3'1 NA
5E-4 (water)
NA U.S. EPA, 198V
U.S. EPA, 1984
10 U.S. EPA, 198V
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1984, 1990
A-14
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS StlMMRT TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AND CHRONIC TQXICITY (CITHER THAH CABCISOGEHICITY}
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Calcium cyanide
subehronic HA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(19. 1 mg calcium
cyariide/kg/day)
chronic HA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(19.1 mg calcium
ey anide/kg/day )
Caprolactam
subchronic NA; 0.1% diet 90 days
(50 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1000 ppra for 3
generations
(50 mg/kg/day)
Captafol
subchronic NA; 2 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 12 months
chronic HA; 2 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 12 months
Captan
subchronic NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day in
the diet (multi-
generation)
chronic NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day in
the diet (multi-
generation)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/rn (mg/kg/day! J (mg/kg/day)
NA rat HA; weight loss, NA 4E~2n
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss, ND 4E-2a'n
thyroid effects and
inyelin degeneration
NA rat NA; renal effects ND 5E-1
MA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-la
weight
NA dog NA; kidney and bladder ND 2E-3
effects
NA dog HA; kidney and bladder ND 2E-3a
effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decreased body weight HD 1E-1
NA rat HA; decreased body weight HD 1E-13
(also see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
BA 500 HA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbrlck et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phiibrick et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Powers et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Serota et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co . ,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
HA 1000 NA/Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co. .
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 100 NA/Stauffer
Chem. Co., 1982;
Chevron Chem .
Co. , 1982; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
HA 100 NA/Stauffer
Chem. Co., 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co., 1982; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SOBCBRONIC ABD CHRONIC 1OXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Carbaryl
subehronie
chronic
Carbofuran
subchronic
chronic
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; 200 ppm in the diet HA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm in the diet NA rat
for 2 years £9.6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 0.5 mg/kg/day in NA dog
the diet for 1 year
HA; 0.5 mg/fcg/day in NA dog
the diet for 1 year
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; kidney and liver
toxicity
NA; kidney and liver
toxicity
NA; hematological.
testicular and uterine
effects
NA; hematological.
testicular and uterine
effects
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 11-1 HA 100 NA/Carpenter
et al. , 1961:
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND lE-la NA 100 NA/Carpenter
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 5E-3 NA 100 NA/FMC Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
ND 5E-3a HA 100 NA/FMC Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
Carbon disulfide
subchronic
chronic
10 mg/m 8 hours/day rat rabbit
during gestation
(HEC=1Q mg/m3);
20 ppm (62.3 mg/m3)
during pregnancy and
inhalation 6 hours/day
before breeding (1.6
m /day breathing rate
and 0.5 absorption factor
used to calculate dose
of 11.0 mg/kg/day)
10 mg/m0 8 hours/day rat rabbit
during gestation
(HEC=10 mg/m3);
20 ppm (62.3 mg/m3)
inhalation 6 hours/day
during pregnancy and
before breeding (1.6
m /day breathing rate
and 0.5 absorption factor
used to calculate dose
of 11.0 mg/kg/day)
fetal toxicity; fetal
toxicity; malformation
fetal toxicity; fetal
toxicity; malformation
1E-2 1E-1 1000 100 Tabacova et al.,
1978, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Hardin et al. ,
1981; O.S.EPA,
1986, 1990
lE-2^ lE-lb'y 1000 100 Tabacova et al. ,
1978, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1830/
Hardin et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
A-16
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS TABLE A: SUBCHKD1IC AHD CHROHIC "KSHCITf (OTHER C&KCISOGEKICIIY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Carbon tetrachloride
subchronie NA; 1 mg/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1 mg/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
Chloral
subchronic NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
chronic NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
Chlordane
subchronic NA; 1 ppm in diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; 1 ppm in diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
Chlorine cyanide
subchronic NA; 10. S mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(25.3 mg chlorine
eyanxde/kg/day)
chronic NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(25.3 mg chlorine
cyanide/kg/day )
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat HA; liver lesions
NA rat NA; liver lesions
(also see Table B)
NA mouse HA; hepatotoxicity.
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxicity
(also see Table B)
NA rat HA; liver necrosis
NA rat NA; liver necrosis
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects and
tnyelin degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor
ttng/oi3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
HD 7E-3 NA 100
ND 7E-4a NA 1000
ND 2E-2 NA 1000
ND 2E-3a NA 10,000
HD 6E-5 . NA 1000
ND8 6E~5a HA 1000
ND 5E-2 HA 500
ND 5E-2a'n NA 500
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19847
Bruckner et al. ,
1988; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 19847
Bruckner et al. ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sanders et al. ,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 19887
Sanders et al. ,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 19887
Velsicol
Chemical Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 19887
Velsicol
Chemical Corp. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA/Howard and
Banzai, 1955;
Philbrick et
al. , 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
MA/Howard and
Banzai, 1955;
Philbrick et
ai. , 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1980
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SOWlftRI TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AHD CHROBIC TOXICIIY (OTHER THAH CARCISOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic acid
subchronic HA; 30 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 30 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
2-Chloroani line
3-Chloroaniline
4 ™Chloro aniline
(p-Chloroaniline)
subchronic NA; 250 ppm in diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 250 ppm in diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day}
Chlorobenzene
subchronic 75 ppm (345 mg/m )
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
chronic 75 ppm (345 mg/m°)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
Chlorobenzilate
subchronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day in
starch suspension by
gastric intubation for
13 days during gestation
period
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT?
NA rat HA; myocarditis ND 2E-2
NA rat HA; myocarditis ND 2E-3
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; prolif erative ND 4E-3
lesions of the spleen
NA rat NA; proliferative ND 4E-3a
lesions of the spleen
rat dog liver and kidney 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1
effects ; liver and
kidney effects
rat dog liver and kidney 2E-2 (5E-3)8 2E-2a
effects; liver and
kidney effects
SA rabbit NA; decreased stool ND 2E-2
quantity, food
consumption and
weight gain;
hyper irritability
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
IRDC, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1988
HA 10,000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
IRDC, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI, 1979; D.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI, 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
1000 100 Dilley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Mons anto , 1967 ;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
10,000 1000 Dilley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp. , 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-18
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SlBWUOf TABLE A: SUBCHEONIC AND CHRONIC TOKICITY (OTHER IHAN CAHCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation KfC
[mg/m Cmg/kg/day)]
Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor
(mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic HA; 5 mg/kg/day in NA
starch suspension by
gastric intubation for
13 days during gestation
period
p-Chlorobenzoic acid
• subchronic NA; 0,2% in diet for NA
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0.2% in diet for NA
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
subchronic NA; 15 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage daily for 90
days
chronic NA; 15 mg/fcg/day by NA
gavage daily for 90
days
2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
(Chloroprene)
subchronic 10 ppm, 6 hours/day, rat
5 days/week for 2 years
(it mg/kg/day); HA
chronic 10 ppm, 6 hours/day, rat
5 days/week for 2 years
(4 mg/kg/day); NA
l~Chlorobutane
subchronic NA; 120 tng/kg, 5 days/ NA
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 60 mg/kg, 5 days/ NA
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 mg/kg/day)
rabbit NA; decreased stool
quantity, food
consumption and
weight gain;
hyperirritability
2E-2
rat
rat
rat
NA
NA
rat
rat
HA; none observed
NA; none observed
NA; renal tubular
degeneration
NA; renal tubular
degeneration
alopecia, retarded
growth; NA
alopecia, retarded
growth; NA
HA; CNS and hemato-
poietic effects
NA; mortality, CNS and
hematologic effects
ND
ND
ND
ND
1E-K4E-2)
1E-K4E-2)
MD
ND
2E-H2
2E-1
2E-1
2E-2
2E-2U
2E-2"
9E-1
NA 300 NA/Ciba-Seigy
Corp., 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19S7/
Kieckebusch
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kieckebusch
et al., I960;
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988
100 NA Du Pont, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
100 NA Du Pont, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1988
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1988
A-19
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIBWKRY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC ASD CHROHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAU CARCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
2-Chlorobutane DATA
Chlorocyclopentadiene DATA
Chlorodibromomethane (see Dibromochloromethane)
p-Chloro-m-cresol
subchronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day for NA rat
28 days
chronic HA; HA NA HA
Chloroform
subchronic NA; 15 mg/kg, 6 days/ NA dog
week for 7 . 5 years
(12.9 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 15 mg/kg, 6 days/ NA dog
week for 7 . 5 years
(12.9 mg/kg/day)
m-Chloronitrobenzene DATA
Chlorophenol, 3- and 4- DATA
2~Chlorophenol
subchronic NA; 50 ppm in drinking NA rat
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 50 ppm in drinking NA rat
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg/kg/day)
Chloroprens (see 2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene)
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/o (mg/kg/day)] (mg/fcg/day)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
SA; decrease in weight ND 2E+0
gain
NA; NA ND ND
NA; liver lesions HD IE- 2
NA; liver lesions ND^ 1E-23
(also see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT
HA; reproductive ND 5E-3
effects
NA; reproductive ND 5E-3a
effects
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Mads en et al. ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1988
NA NA U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Heywood et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Heywood et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA,
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller, 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b, 1990a,b
NA 1000 U.S. EPA,
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller, 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b, 1990a,b
A-20
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SOBCHROMIC MO CHEOHIC TOXICITY (OTHER TOW C&BCINOGEHICITY)
Dpdate: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation R£C Oral RfP
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)j (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
2-Chloropropane
subchronic 250 ppm (803 mg/m3), rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 mg/kg/day); HA
chronic 250 ppm (803 mg/m3), rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 mg/kg/day); HA
3-Chloropropene (see Allyl chloride)
Chlorotoluenes, m- and p-
o-Chlorotoluene
subchronic NA; 20 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 103 or
104 days
chronic NA; 20 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 103 or
104 days
Chlorpyrifos
subchronic NA; 0.03 tng/fcg/day by SA
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
chronic HA; 0.03 mg/kg/day by HA
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
Chlorpyrifos-methyl
subchronic NA; 3-generation study RA
in rats, 2-year study
in dogs
chronic HA; 3-generation study HA
in rats, 2-year study
in dogs
Chlorthalonil
subchronic NA; 60 ppm in the diet NA
for 2 years (1.5 mg/kg/
day)
NA liver effects; NA
liver effects; NA
3E+0 (9E-1) ND
3E-1 (9E-2)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; decreased body
weight gain
NA; decreased body
weight gain
human HA; decreased plasma
cholinesterase
human NA; decreased plasma
cholinesterase
rat, NA; reduced fertility
dog in rats, liver effects
dogs
rat, HA; reduced fertility
dog in rats, liver effects
in dogs
dog NA; kidney lesions
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
HD
ND
ND
2E-1
2E-2a
3E-3
3E-3e
1E-2
1E-28
1.5E-2
100
1000
NA
NA
NA
NA
HA
HA
NA
NA Gage, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA Sage, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1985
100 NA/Gibson
et al., 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1990
1000 NA/Gibson
et al., 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1990
10 NA/Dow Chemical
Co., 1972; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
10 BA/Dow Chemical
Co., 1972; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
100
HA/U.S. EPA,
1984
100 MA/U.S. EPA,
1984
100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Cheis.
Co., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSME8TS SWMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AMD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER TIM CARCJSQGEHICITf)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
chronic NA; 60 ppm in the diet NA
for 2 years (1.5 mg/kg/
day)
Chlorthiophos
subchronic NA; 1,6 ppm in the diet NA
for 2 years (0.08 rag/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 1.6 ppm in the diet NA
for 2 years (0.08 mg/
kg/day)
Chromium (III)
subchronic LOAEL: 0.002 mg Cr(VI)/m3 human
(as chromic acid), LOAELgEC=
0.000714 mg/m3; 5% CraOain
diet 5 days/week for 90 days
(1400 mg Cr /kg/day)
chronic LOAEL: 0.002 mg Cr(VI)/rn3 human
(as chromic acid), LOAELggc=
0.000714 mg/m3; 5% CraOain
diet 5 days/week for 600
feedings (1468 mg Cr/kg/day)
Chromium (VI)
subchronic LOAEL: 0,002 mg Cr(¥I)/m human
(as chromi'c acid), LGAELffgc—
0.000714 mg/m3; 25 ppm Cr ¥1
in drinking water for 1 year
(2.4 mg/kg/day)
chronic LOAEL: 0.002 mg Cr(VI)/m3 human
(as chromic acid), LOAELgg£=
0.000714 mg/m ; 25 pptn Cr VI
in drinking water for 1 year
(2.4 mg/kg/day)
Oral Inhalation; Oral
dog NA; kidney lesions
(also see Table B)
rat NA; no effect on
erthrocyte cholin-
esterase
rat NA; no effect on
erthrocyte cholin-
esterase
rat nasal inucosa atrophy;
hepatotoxicity
rat nasal mucosa atrophy;
hepatotoxicity
rat nasal mucosa atrophy;
not defined
rat nasal mucosa atrophy;
not defined
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/fcg/day)] (tng/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 1.5E-2a HA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Chem.
Co., 1970;
D.S. EPA, 1990
ND 8E-4 NA 100 NA/Worthing and
Walier, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986
ND 8E-4 NA 100 HA/Horthing and
Walker, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1886
2E-5 1E+1 30 100 Lindberg and
Hedenstierna,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984/Ivankovic
and Preussman,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1984
2E-6J lE+Oa 300 1000 Lindberg and
Hedenstierna,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984/Ivarikovie
and Preussman,
1375; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
2E-5 2E-2 30 100 Lindberg and
Hedenstierna,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984/MacKenzie
et al. , 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1984
2E-6J 5E-3a 300 500 Lindberg and
Hedenstierna,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984/MacKenzie
et al. , 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
A-22
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCERONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: Deceniber, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Chrysene
Copper
subchronic NA; 5,3 mg, single
dose
chronic NA; NA
Copper cyanide
subchronic HA; 5 log/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
m-Cresol
subchronic NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral BfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/fcg/day)] (mg/kg/day}
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (see Table B)
IA human NA; local SI irritation ND 1,3 mg/£k
HA human HA; local GI irritation1 HD 1,3 mg/tk
HA rat HA; decreased body ND 5E-2
and organ weights,
hi stopatho logic
alterations in liver
and kidney
NA rat NA; decreased body ND 5E-3a
and organ weights,
histopathologic
alterations in liver
and kidney
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-1
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-2a
weight gain, neuro~
toxicity
(also see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA HA U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA NA U.S. EPA, 1984 /
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 HA/U.S, EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 1000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora~
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1885,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 198V
Microbiological
Associates ,
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
A-23
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS S0M1ARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIKOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
o~Cresol
sub chronic
chronic
p-Cresol
sub chronic
chronic
Cumene
subchronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
105.1 ppm (517 mg/m3)
for 6 hrs/day, 5
days/week for 4 weeks ,
LOAEL{5Ec=92mS/rn ;
110 mg/kg/day for
194 days
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
NA rat NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
NA rat NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
(also see Table B)
rat rat CNS involvement, nasal
irritation; renal
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 5E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates ,
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
ND 5E-2a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
ND 5E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
ND 5E-2a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates ,
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
9E-2 4E-1 1000 300 Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990/
Wolfe, 1956;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-24
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SOWttEY TABLE A: SDBCBROHIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAM CABCIHOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
chronic
Cyanazine
subchronic
chronic
Cyanide
subchronic
chronic
Cyanogen
subchronic
chronic
Exnosure
Inhalation ; Oral
105.1 ppm (517 mg/m3)
for 6 hrs/day, 5
days/week for 4 weeks ,
LQAELHEC=92m§/m ;
110 mg/kg for 194 days
NA; 25 ppm in the diet
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 25 ppm in the diet
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(21.6 mg Cyanogen/
kg/day)
RA; 10.8 nig/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(21.6 mg Cyanogen/
kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
rat rat CNS involvement, nasal
irritation; renal
NA dog HA; body weight loss,
hemato logic and
clinical chemistry
parameters
NA dog NA; body weight loss,
hematologic and
clinical chemistry
parameters
NA rat NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects and
tnyelin degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA rat BA; weight loss,
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
9E-3J 4E-2a 10,000 3000 Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990/
Wolfe et al. ,
1956; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1990
ND 2E-3 SA 300 NA/Shell Chem.
Co., 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 2E-3a NA 300 NA/Shell Chem.
Co., 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 2E-2 HA 500 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
199Ga,b
ND 2E-2a NA 500 U.S. EPA, 1984 /
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990a,b
ND 4E-2n HA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbrick et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
ND 4E-2a'n NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbrick et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
A-25
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AND CHRONIC TCKICITY (OTHER THAK CARCINOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Cyanogen bromide
subchronic NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(4.4 rag Cyanogen
bromide/kg/day )
chronic NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(4.4 mg cyanogen
bromide/kg/day )
Cycloate
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexylamine
subchronic NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamine«HCl in diet
for 90 days (30 mg/kg/
day cyclohexylamine)
chronic NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamine»HCl in diet for
2 years (18 mg/kg/day
cyclohexylamine )
Cyclopentadiene
subchronic 250 ppm (676 mg/m3)
for 135, 7-hour expo-
sures in 194 days
(87.3 mg/kg/day); NA
chronic NA; NA
Dacthal (DCPA)
subchronic NA; 1000 ppm in the
in the diet for 2
years (50 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1000 ppm in the
in the diet for 2
years (50 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; weight loss, ND 9E-2n
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss, NA 9E-2a'n
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT8
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reduced body weight ND 3E-1
NA rat NA; testicular effects ND 2E-la
rat NA liver and kidney 3E+0 (9E-1) ND
lesions; NA
NA NA NA; NA ND ND
NA rat NA; kidney and adrenal ND 5E-1
weights
NA rat NA; kidney and adrenal ND 5E-la
weights
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbrick et
al. , 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbrick et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gaunt et al. ,
1974; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gaunt et al. ,
1976; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
100 NA Dow, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA NA U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Co . ,
1963; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Co. ,
1963; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
A-26
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHHOHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CAHCINOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Dalapon (sodium salt)
stibchronic NA; 15 mg/kg/day in the NA rat
diet for 2 years
chronic NA; 15 rag/kg/day in the NA rat
diet for 2 years
2,4-DB
sabchronie HA; 8 mg/kg/day in the NA dog
diet for 90 days
chronic HA; 8 mg/kg/day in the HA dog
diet for 90 days
DDT
subchronic NA; 1 ppm in diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1 ppm in diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
Decabromodiphenyl ether
(Deeabromodiphenyl oxide)
subchronic NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day in NA rat
the diet for 2 years
chronic NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day in NA rat
the diet for 2 years
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; increased relative
kidney weight
NA; increased relative
kidney weight
RA; Internal hemorrhage,
mortality
NA; internal hemorrhage,
mortality
NA; liver lesions
NA; liver lesions
(also see Table B)
NA; liver enlargement
HA; liver enlargement
(also see Table B)
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
[rog/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
ND 3E-2
ND 3E-2a
ND 8E-2
ND 8E-3a
ND 5E-4
ND 5E-4a
ND 1E-2
TO lE-2a
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 300 NA/Paynter
et al. , 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Paynter
et al. , 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1390
NA 100 NA/Shodia Inc . ,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
HA 1000 NA/Hhodia Inc . ,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1984 , 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Laug et al. ,
1950; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Lang et al. ,
1950; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kociba et al. ,
1975; Norris
et al.. 1973,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1987; U.S. EPA.
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kociba et al. ,
1975; Norris et
al., 1973, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-27
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIM1ARY TABLE A: SUBCHBONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITT (OTHER THAH CARCIHOGEHICIT5O
Update; Decanter, 1990
Compound
Diazinon
subchronio
chronic
Dibenzofuran
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/
day) in the diet for
35-42 days
HA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/
day) in the diet for
35-42 days
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/nr (mg/kg/day ) 3 (mg/kg/day)
NA rat HA; inhibition of ND 9E-4
plasma cholinesterase
activity
HA rat NA; inhibition of ND 9E-46
plasma cholinesterase
activity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
HA 100 NA/Davies and
Holub, 1979,
1980a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984
HA 100 HA/Davies and
Holub, 1979,
1980a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1987
1, 4-Dibromobenzene
subehronie
chronic
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA rat HA; liver weight ND 1E-1
and liver enzymes
NA rat NA; liver weight ND 1E-23
and liver enzymes
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson and
fardiff, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson and
Tardiff, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
Dibromochloromethane
subchronic
chronic
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by
gavage, 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by
gavage, 5 days /week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA rat HA; liver lesions ND 2E-1
NA rat HA; liver lesions ND 2E-2a
(also see Table B)
NA 100 D.S. EPA, 1990/
NIP, 1985;
U.S. IPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1990/
STP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
Di-n-butyl phthalate
subchronic
NA; 0.25% of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/fcg/day)
(89 mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; mortality ND 1E+0
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953;
U. S. EPA, 1987
A-2 8
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SDBCHKONIC AND CHRONIC TQXICITY (OTHER THAN C&RCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic KA; 0.251 of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
1, 2~Dichlorobenzene
subchronic 290 mg/m 7 hours/day,
5 days/week for op to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
chronic 290 mg/m 7 hours/day,
5 days /week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
1 , 3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
(p-dichlorobenzene )
subchronic 75 ppm (454.6 mg/m )
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
chronic 75 ppm (454.6 mg/m )
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; HA
Diehlorobutenes
Dichlorodifluoromethane (F-12)
subchronic 4136 mg/m , 8 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
•2
chronic 4136 mg/m , 8 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
6 weeks (482.3 mg/fcg/
day); 15 mg/kg/day
for 2 years
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [rag/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/fcg/day)
NA rat NA; mortality1 HB^S 11-1^
rat rat decreased body weight 2E+0 (4E-1) 91-1
gain; liver effects
rat rat decreased body weight 2E-1 (4E-2) 9E-Za
gain; liver effects^
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
rat HA liver and kidney 7E-1 ND
effects; HA
rat NA liver and kidney 7E-1J ND
effects (also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMEST (CANCER: SEE TABLE B)
guinea dog lung and liver lesions; 2E+0 (5E~1) 9E~1
pig none
guinea rat lung and liver lesions; 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-la
pig depressed body weight
gain
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953;
0.S. EPA, 1987
1990
100 100 Hollingswortb.
at al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1990
1000 1000 Hollingsworth
et al. , 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 HA Rlley et al. ,
1980/U.S. IPA,
1987
100 NA Riley et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1987
D.S. EPA, 1987
1000 100 Prendergast
et al. , 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Clayton, 1957;
U.S. EPA, 1987
10,000 100 Prendergast
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Sherman, 1974;
0.3. EPA, 1982,
1987, 1990
A-29
-------
HEALIB EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SBtMARY TABLE A: SUBCBROHIC AM) CHROHIC TCKICItY (OTHER THAU CARCIHOGEHICITX)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1, 1-Dichloroethane
subchronic 500 ppro (2025 mg/m3 5 eat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (2025
mg/m ) S hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
chronic 500 ppm (2025 mg/m3) cat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day)- 500 ppm (2025
mg/m ) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
( mg/kg/day)
1, 1-Dichloroethylene
subchronio HA; 50 ppm in drinking NA rat
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 50 ppm in drinking NA rat
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
l,2™c~Dichlaroethylene
subchronic NA; gavage for 90 days HA rat
(32 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; garage for 90 days HA rat
(32 mg/kg/day)
1 , 2-t-Dichloroethylene
subchronic HA; 0.1 mg/4. in NA mouse
drinking »ater for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0.1 mg/-t in NA mouse
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
kidney damage; none
kidney damage; none
(also see Table B)
NA; liver lesions
HA; liver lesions
(also see Table B)
NA; decreased hemato-
crit and hemoglobin
NA: decreased hetnatp-
crit and hemoglobin"
NA; increased serum
alkaline phosphatase
NA; increased serum
alkaline phosphatase
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
5E-H) (1E+0) lE-t-0 100 100
5E-1 (1E-D& IE-IS 1000 1000
ND 9E-3 NA 1000
ND8 9E-3y HA 1000
HD 1E-1 HA 300
ND 1E-2-J HA 3000
ND 2E-1 HA 100
HD 2E-2a HA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Hofmann et al. ,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al., 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1984
Hofmann et al. ,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al., 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1984
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Quast et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Quast et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
McCauley et al . ,
n.d. ; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 198V
McCauley et al. ,
n.d. ; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 188V
Barnes et al. ,
1885; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Barnes et al. ,
1985; U.S. EPA,
A-30
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CAKCINOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
2, 4-Dichlorophenol
subchronic RA; 3 ppm in drinking HA rat
water for 2 generations
(0,3 mg/fcg/day}
chronic NA; 3 ppm in drinking KA rat
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ing/kg/day)
Dichlorophenol, 2,3-, 2,5-, DATA
2,6P-, 3,4- and 3,5-
2 , 4-Dichiorophenoxy
acetic acid (2,4-D)
subchronic NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day in NA rat
diet for 91 days
chronic NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day in NA rat
diet for 91 days
Dichloroprop DATA
Dichloropropanes (1,1-, 1,2-, 1,3-, 2,2-) DATA
1,3-Dichloropropene (Telone II)
subchronic 5 ppm (21 mg/m ) 6 hours/ mice rat
day, 5 days/week for
2 years, 80AELHEC=
0.69 mg/mj; 3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
90 days
chronic 5 ppm (21 mg/nr') 6 hours/ mice rat
day, 5 days/week for
2 years, NOAELHEC=
0.69 mg/nr; 3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m {nig/kg/day)] {nsg/kg/day)
NA; immune function ND 3E-3
NA; immune function ND 3E-3a
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; hematologic ND 1E-2
hepatic and renal
toxicity
NA; hematologic ND lE-2y
hepatic and renal
toxicity
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT®
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
hypertrophy, hyper- 2E-2 3E-3
plasia in nasal raucosa;
increased organ weight
hypertrophy, hyper- 2E-2-> 3E-4a
plasia in nasal mucosa;
increased organ weights
(also see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Exon and Koller,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1S87/
Exon and Koller,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1987, 1990
U.S. IPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/Dow Chemical
Co., 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Dow Chemical
Co., 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
30 1000 Lomax et al. ,
1989; U.S. EPA,
1990/Dow
Chemical Co. ,
1973; U.S. EPA
1989, 1990
30 10,000 Lomax et al. ,
1989; 0.S. EPA
1990/Dow
Chemical Co. ,
1973; U.S. EPA
1989, 1990
A-31
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AHD CHROHIC TOXICITl (OTHER THAH CARCIMOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Dieyelopentadiene
subchronic 1 ppm (5.4 mg/m ) ,
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm in
diet far 3 generations
(32 rag/kg/day for males)
chronic 1 ppm (5.4 mg/ffl ) ,
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
njg/kg/day); 630 ppm in
diet- for 3 generations
(32 mg/fcg/day for males)
Dieldrin
subchronic NA; 0.1 ppm in diet for
2 years (0.005 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; 0 . 1 ppm in diet for
2 years (0.005 rog/fcg/day)
N , N-Di ethy laniline
Diethyiene glycol
monoethyl ether
s«bchronie NA; diet provided 500
tng/kg/day for 90 days
chronic HA; 0.2Z in drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
Di ethy If orm amide
subchronic NA; 546 fig/day (1.56
mg/kg/day) in diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)J (mg/kg/day)
rat rat kidney dysfunction; 2E-3 (6E-4) 3E-1
none
rat rat kidney dysfunction; 2E-4 (6E-5) 3E-2
none
HA rat HA; liver lesions ND 5E-5
NA rat HA; liver lesions ND 5E-5a
(Cancer: see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
HA rat HA; impaired renal HD 5E+Q
function, increased
testes weight
NA rat NA; kidney histo- ND 2E+0
pathology
NA rat NA; no effect ND 1.1E-1
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
1000 100 Dodd et al. ,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987/Litton
Bionetics, 1980;
D.S. EPA, 1987
10,000 1000 Dodd et al.,
1982;U.S. EPA,
1987/Litton
Bionetics, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Walker et al. ,
1969;' U.S. EPA,
1990
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Walker et al, ,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Hall et al. ,
1966; U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 198V
Snsyth et al. ,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 NA/Argus et al. ,
1965; U.S. EPA,
1986
chronic HA; 546 pg/day (1.56
nig/kg/day) in diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
HA
rat NA.; no effect
HD
1.1E-1
NA
100 NA/Argus et al.
1965; U.S. EPA,
1986
A-32
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CASCIKOGEKICITI)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation ; Oral
1 , 2-Diethylhydrazine
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl
phosphate (paraoxon)
Diethyl phthalate
subchronic NA; 11 in diet for
16 weeks (750 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; IX in diet for
16 weeks (750 mg/kg/day)
Dimethoate
subchronic HA; 1 ppm (0.05 mg/fcg/
day) in diet for 2 years
chronic NA; 1 ppm (O.OS mg/kg/
day) in diet for 2 years
K , N -Dimethy lani line
subchronic NA; 31,25 mg/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
chronic HA; 31.25 rog/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
N , N-Dimethylf ormamide
subchronie LOAEL: occupational
exposure to 22 mg/m
(HEC=7.9 mg/ra3); 540 ppm
(96 mg/kg/day) in diet
for 119 days
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [ms/nr (mg/kg/day) J (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reduced terminal ND 8E+0
body weight
NA rat NA; reduced terminal N0 8E-la
body weight
NA rat NA; brain cholinesterase HD 2E-4
inhibition
NA rat NA; brain cholinesterase ND 2E-4a
inhibition
HA rat NA; splenomegaly and ND 2E-2
splenic hemosiderosis
NA rat NA; splenomegaly and ND 2E-3a
splenic hemosiderosis
human mouse liver effects; 3E-2 1E+0
increased liver weight
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987 /
Brown et al. ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Brown et al . ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
BA 300 NA/Arnerican
Cyanimid Co . ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 300 HA/American
Cyaninid Co . ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 10,000 NA/Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990
300 100 Cirla et al. ,
1984; Catenacci
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Becci et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
A-33
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SBMteRY TABLE A: SUBCB80HIC AHD CHRONIC ICRICITY (OTHEE THAN CASCIlDGEHICIfX)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic LOAEL: occupational
exposure to 22 tng/m
(HEC=7.9 mg/m3); 540 ppm
(96 tng/kg/day) in diet
for 119 days
Dimethylphenols (2,3-, 2,5-)
2 , 4-Dimethylphenol
subchronlc NA; 50 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic NA; 50 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
2 , 6-Dimethylphenol
subchronic NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for
8 months
chronic HA; 0 . 6 tng/kg/day for
8 months
3 , 4-Dimethylphenol
subchronic NA; 1.4 rag/kg/day
for 8 months
chronic NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
human mouse liver effects; 3E-2a 1E-1
increased liver weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse HA; neurological signs ND 2E-1
and hematologioal
changes
HA mouse NA; neurological signs HD 2E-2a
and hemafcologieal
changes
HA rat NA; effects on blood ND 6E-3
pressure, weight gain
and histological appear-
ance of several organs
NA rat NA; effects on blood BD 6E~4a
pressure, weight gain
and histologicai appear-
ance of several organs
NA rat NA; reduced growth, ND 1E-2
internal lesions
NA rat NA; reduced growth, ND lE-3a
internal lesions
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
300 1000 Cirla et al. ,
1984; Catenacci
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Becci et al..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986
SA 300 NA/American
Biogenics, 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 3000 NA/American
Biogenics, 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1967 /
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1967 /
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
A-34
-------
A: AW)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect o£ Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC
-3
Oral RfD
[mg/m (mg/fcg/day)3 (mg/k§/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Dimethyl phthalate
subchronic HA; 1000 mg/kg/day
in diet for 2 years
chronic
HA; 1000 mg/kg/day
in diet for 2 years
HA
NA
KA; minor effect on
growth; some iiephri~
tic involvement
NA; minor effect on
growth; some nephri-
tic involvement11*
BD
lE-f-0
1E+08
HA 100 KA/Lehman, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 SA/Lehman, 1955;
0,3. SPA, 1987
Dimethyl terephthalate
subchronic NA; 2500 ppm
(125 mg/kg/day) in
diet for 103 weeks
NA
rat NA; chronic kidney
inf lansnation
ND
1E-1
HA
1000 BA/KCI, 1879;
U.S. EPA, 1990
chronic NA; 2500 ppm HA
(125 ms/ke/day) in
diet for 103 weeks
N,N-Dimethylurea
m-Dinitrobenzene
subchronic NA; 3 ppm (0.40 rag/kg/ NA
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
chronic KA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/ NA
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
Dinitrobenzenes (0~, p-)
subchronic NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/ NA
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
chronic NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/ NA
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
2,6-Dinitro-p-cresol
4,6-Binitro-o-cresol
rafc NA; chronic kidney
inflammation
ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat
rat
NA; increased splenic
weight
NA; increased splenic
weight
rat NA; increased splenic
weight
rat NA; increased splenic
weight
ND
ND
ND
ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOB QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT?
IE-3
1E-4C
4E-3
4E-4
NA 1000 NA/NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 300 NA/Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 3000 NA/Cody et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/Cody et al.,
1981; 0.S. EPA,
1985
NA 1000 NA/Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986
A-35
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMKSY TABLE A: SUBCHKONIC AND CBSOHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CAKCIHOGEKICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
2 , 4-Dinitrophenol
subchronie NA; 2 mg/kg/day, thera-
peutic use
chronic NA; 2 mg/kg/day, thera-
peutic use
Dinitrophenols (2,3-; 2,5-; 2,6-; 3,5-)
Dinitrotoluenes (2,3-; 2,4-8s;2,5-; 2,6-
Di-n-octyl phthalate
subehronie HA; 175 mg/kg/day in
diet for 7-12 months
chronic NA; 175 mg/kg/day in
diet for 7-12 months
Dinoseb
Bubehronic NA; 1 mg/fcg/day in diet
in 3-generation study
chronic HA; 1 mg/kg/day in diet
in 3-generation study
H , N-Diphenylamine
subchronic NA: 0,0170 (2.5 mg/kg/
day) in diet for 2 years
chronic HA: 0.0170 (2.5 rag/kg/
day) in diet for 2 years
Direct Lightfast Blue
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Cmg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
HA human SA; cataract NB 2E-3
HA human SA; cataract ND 2E-3a
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMEHT
; 3,4-) DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
HA rat NA; elevated kidney ND 2E-2
and liver weights;
increased SGOT and
SGPT
HA rat NA; elevated kidney ND 2E-2S
and liver weights;
increased SGOT and
SGPT
NA rat NA; decreased fetal NB lE-3aa
weight
HA rat NA; decreased fetal ND lE-3a'aa
weight1
HA dog NA; decreased body ND 2.5E-2
weight gain and
increased liver and
kidney weights
NA dog NA; decreased body ND 2.5E-2a
weight gain and
increased liver and
kidney weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMEHT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
HA 1000 »A/Horner, 1942;
D.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
HA 1000 NA/Horner, 1942;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 1000 NA/PiekacE,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 1000 NA/Piekacz,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 1000 NA/Oniroyal and
Cedar Chemical
Cos., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 1000 HA/0niroyal and
Cedar Chemical
Cos., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1985/
Thomas et al. ,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1985/
Thomas et al . ,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
A-36
-------
A: AHD CBROHIC KJXICIXY (OTHER CARCIHQGHSICIXY}
Update: December, 1390
Compound
Disulfaton
subchronic
chronic
Endosulfan
subchronio
chronic
Endothall
subchronio
chronic
Endrin
subchronic
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.8 ppm in diet for NA rat
2 years (0.04 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.8 ppm in diet for HA rat
2 years (0.04 mg/kg/day}
NA; 3 ppm in diet in HA rat
2-generation reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day }
NA; 3 ppm in diet in NA rat
2™generation reproduc*
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
HA; 100 ppm disodium NA dog
endothall in the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall ion/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm disodium NA dog
endothall in the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall ion/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm in diet for NA dog
18 months
(0.045 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
HA; cholinesterase
inhibition, optic
nerve degeneration
NA; cholinesterase
inhibition, optic
nerve degeneration
NA; mild kidney lesions
HA; mild kidney lesions
NA; stomach effect
NA; stomach effect
NA; increased relative
organ weights
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 4E-5 HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1990a/
Mobay chemical,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
ND 4E-5a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1990a/
Mobay chemical,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
ND 2E-4 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Huntington
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
TO 5E-5a NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Huntington
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
ND 2E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Keller, 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem,
n.d; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
ND 2E-2a NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Keller, 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem,
n.d. ; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
SD 5E-4 NA 100 U.S. IPA, 1987 /
Treon et al. ,
1955; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987,
1990
A-37
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIM4ARY TABLE A: SlIBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation ; Oral
chronic NA; 1 ppm in diet for
>2 years
(0.025 mg/kg/day)
Epichlorohydrin
subchronic 5 ppm, 6 hours/day,
5 .days/week for 87-88
days ( HEC=0 . 25 mg/m ) ;
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m ),
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
chronic 5 ppm, 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 87-88
days (HEC=0.25 mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m3),
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
EPTC (see S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate)
Ethoprop
2-Ethoxyethanol
subchronic 10 ppm (37 mg/m )
6 hours/day on days 6-15
of gestation (6.8 mg/kg/
day); 50 pX. (46.6 mg/kg/
day) on days 1-21 of
gestation
chronic 100 ppm (369 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/kg/day)
500 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (357
mg/kg/day)
2-Ethoxyethanol acetate
subchronic NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tional day 6-18
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; convulsions and ND 3E~4a
liver lesions
mouse rat nasal turbinate injury; 3E-3 2E-2
kidney damage
mouse rat nasal turbinate injury; 3E-4J 2E-3a'b
kidney damage
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat rat fetotoxicity; 2E-1 (7E-2)aa 5E-laa
f etotoxicity
rat rat altered hemotology; 2E-1 (5E-2)J 4E-1
reduced body weight
NA rat NA; decreased ND 3E-lb'aa
ossification
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
CBI; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987,
1990
100 100 Quast et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1990/Laskin
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1990
1000 1000 Quast et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1990/Laskin
et al. , 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
100 100 Doe, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Stenger et al. ,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984
1000 1000 Barbee et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/Melnick,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
NA 100 NA/Union
Carbide, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1985
A-38
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SWJARX TABLE A: SUBCHROMIC AHD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CARCIHOGEBICITY)
Update: December, 1930
Compound
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 50 ppm (30,1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tional day 6-18
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
MA rat HA; decreased
ossification
Inhalation RfC
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)]
ND8
Oral RfD
(rag/kg/day)
3E-lb'aa
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
HA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Union
Carbide, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
2-Ethoxyethanol esters
2-etb.oxyethanol acrylate,
2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate,
2~ethoxyethanol phosphated,
2-ethoxyethyl dodecanoate)
Ethyl acetate
subchronic HA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
chronic
NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA
NA
rat NA; mortality, body
weight loss
rat NA; mortality, body
weight loss
ND
ND
9E+0
9E-la
NA
NA
n-Ethylaniline
Ethylbenzene
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA, 1985
100 BA/U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
1000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
subchronic
chronic
100 ppm (434 mg/m4) rat,
6—7 hours/day on rabbit
gestation days 1-19
(rats) or 1-24 (rabbits),
NOAEL{jEc=434mg/m ;
136 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 182 days
(97.1 mg/kg/day)
100 ppm (434 mg/m3) rat,
6-7 hours/day on rabbit
gestation days 1—19
(rats) or 1-24 (rabbits),
NOAELgj;c=434n>g/!B ',
136 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 182 days
(97.1 mg/kg/day)
rat developmental toxicity; lE+Oaa 1E-H)
hepatotoxicity and
nephrotoxicity
rat developmental toxicity; lE+OJ>aa lE-la
hepatotoxicity and
nephrotoxicity
300 100 Andrew et al.,
1981; Hardin
et al., 1981/
Half et al, ,
1956; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
300 1000 Andrew et al.,
1981; Hardin
et al. , 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Wolf et al.,
1956; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
Ethyl chloride
subchronic
chronic
1504 ppm (4000 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day on gestation
days 6-15 NOAELHEC=
4000 mg/m3; NA
1504 ppm (4000 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day on gestation
days 6-15 HOAELHEC=
4000 mg/m3; NA
NA developmental toxicifcy; 1E+1 ND
NA
NA developmental toxicity; !E+lJ'aa HD
NA
300 NA Scortichini
et al., 1986/NA
300 HA Scortichini
et al. , 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NA
A~39
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS STOMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHSO8IC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CARCIHQGENICIXY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
S-Ethyl dipropylthioearbamate
(EPTC)
subchronic HA; 50 ppm in diet for NA rat
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 50 ppm in diet for NA rat
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
Ethylene cyanohydrin
subchronic NA; 30 mg/kg/day in NA rat
drinking water for
90 days
chronic NA; 30 ing/kg/day in NA rat
drinking water for
90 days
Ethylenediamine
sufaehronic 59 ppm (145 mg/m ) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 30 days (25.8 mg/kg/
day); 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethylenediamine dihydro-
chloride (22.6 mg
ethylenediamine/kg/day )
chronic NA; 3-moath dietary NA rat
study with 50 tng/kg/day
ethylenediamine dihydro-
chloride (22.6 rag
ethylenediamine/kg/day)
Etnylene glycol
subchronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day in NA rat
developmental toxicity
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
HA; degenerative
eardiotnyopathy
NA; degenerative
cardiomyopathy
NA; decreased heart
and brain weights
HA; decreased heart
and brain weights
death, kidney and
liver lesions; liver
and hematologic
changes
NA; liver and hemato-
logic changes
NA; fetotoxicity
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
|mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
HD 2.5E-2 NA 100 NA/PPG Indus-
tries, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 2.5E-23 NA 100 NA/PPG Indus-
tries, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
HD 3E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al., 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1988
ND 3E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al. , 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1988
1E+0 (3E-1) 2E-1 100 100 Pozzani and
Carpenter, 1954;
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Yang et al . ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988
ND 2E-2 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Yang et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988
ND 2E+Oaa KA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Maronpot
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SOBCHROHIC ARB CHSOHIC TOXICItX (OTHER THAI OffiCIKOGEHICItY)
Dpetate: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day in
2-year dietary study
Ethylene gLycol
monobutyl ether
subehronic 25 ppm (121 mg/nr)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(HEO22 nig/m3); Nft
chronic 25 ppm (121 rog/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(HEC=22 rog/m3); SA
Ethylene thiourea
Ethyl ether
subehronic NA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic RA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Ethyl methacrylate
subehronic NA; 65 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
x 114,5/100.13 (molec-
ular weight ratio) is
drinking water for 2
years
chronic NA; 65 ppm (7,5 rag/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
x 114.5/100.13 (molec-
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral trag/m'3 (mg/kg/day)3 (mg/kg/day)
HA rat NA; mortality, liver HD 2E«a
and kidney effects
rat NA altered hematology; 2E-1 NO
NA
rat NA altered hensatology; 2E-2J HD
NA
DATA IHADEQ0ATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSfffiNT8
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver effects HD 5E+0
NA rat NA; liver effects HD 5E-la
NA rat NA; increased kidney ND 9E-2
weight
NA rat NA; increased kidney ND 9E-28
weight
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
DePass et al. ,
1986a; U.S. EPA,
1987 , 1990
100 NA Dodd et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1984
1000 NA Dodd et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990/D.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
American
Biogenics Corp.,
1986; U.S. IPA,
1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
American
Biogenics Corp.,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
NA 100 NA/Borzelleca
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/Borzelleca
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1986
ular weight ratio) in
drinking water for 2
years
Ethyl toluene (o-, p-, m-)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA, 1984
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIM1ARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER TBAH CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
4-Ethyl-o-xylene
Fluoranthene
subchronic KA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Fluorene
subchronic NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
chronic NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
Fluorides
subchronic NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/
day in drinking water
chronic NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/
day in drinking water
Fluridone
subchronic NA; 200 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (8 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 200 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (8 mg/kg/
day)
Folpet
subchronic NA; 10 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 1 year
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; nephropathy, liver ND 4E-1
weight changes , hematolog-
ical changes
NA mouse NA; nephropathy, liver ND 4E~2a
weight changes, hematolog-
ical changes
NA mouse NA; hematological changes ND 4E~1
(decreased RBC)
NA mouse NA; hematological changes ND 4E-2a
(decreased RBC)1
NA human NA: dental fluorosis ND 6E-2
at higher levels
NA human NA: dental fluorosis ND 6E-2a
at higher levels
NA rat NA; kidney and testes ND 8E-2
NA rat NA; kidney and testes ND 8E-2a
NA dog NA; body weight gain, ND 1E-1
blood chemistry
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 300 NA/U.S. EPA,
1988
NA 3000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
NA 300 NA/U.S. EPA,
1989
NA 3000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 1 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hodge, 1950;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 1 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hodge, 1950;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 100 NA/Eli Lilly and
Co., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984
1990
NA 100 NA/Eli Lilly and
Co., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984
1990
NA 100 NA/Chevron
Chemical Corp.,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
A-42
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SUMMEY TABLE A: SUBCHRQHIC AHD CHROHIC TOXICIT? (OTHER THAH CABCINOGEHICITI)
Update: Becenfoer, 1990
CosBpound
chronic
Faaanaldenyde
Foraoic acid
subohronic
chronic
FtiEan
sabchronic
chronic
Furfural
subchronic
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
MA; 10 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 1 year
cyanohydrin
HA; 0.2% in drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day) ,
several generation study
NA; 0.2% in drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day),
several generation study
NA; 2 rag/kg, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.4
ms /kg/day)
HA; 2 mg/kg, 5 days /week
for 13 weeks (1.4
ng /kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3), 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg/
day); 11 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(7.9 mg/kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3), 6
hours/day, 5 days week
foe 13 weeks (13 mg/kg/
day); 11 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(7.S mg/kg/day)
GLycidaldehyde
subchronic 10 ppm (29 mg/m : ) , 4
hours/day, 5 days /week
for 12 weeks (HEC=3 . 5
mg/nr ) ; 1 . 1 mg/kg/day
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; body weight gain, ND 1E-13
blood chemistry
(also see fable B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; decreased growth ND 21+0
NA rat HA; decreased growth ND 2E+0X
NA mouse UA; hepatic lesions ND 1E-2
NA mouse NA; hepatic lesions ND 1E-33
hamster rat olfactory degeneration; 5E-1 (1E-1) 3E-2
hepatotoxicity
hamster rat olfactory degeneration; 5E~2 (1E-2) 3E-3a
hepatotoxicity
rat rat decreased body weight 1E-2 4E~3
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 SA/Chevron
Chemical Corp. ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988
NA 100 NA/Malorny,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
NA 100 NA/Malorny,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 19S2;
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA 1000 0.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 1982; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1990
100 300 Peron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1988/SRI, 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990
1000 3000 Feron et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1988/SRI, 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990
300 300 Bine et al. ,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1989/Hine et
al., 1961; U.S.
EPA, 1989, 1990
A-43
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SOtMARY TABLE A: SDBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAM CARCIHOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic 10 ppm (29 mg/m3), 4
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 12 weeks (HEC=3.5
mg/m3 ) ; 1 . 1 mg/kg/day
Heptachlor
subchronic NA; 3 ppm in diet for
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 3 ppm in diet for
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
n-Heptane
Hexabromobenzene
subchronic NA; 40 ppm in the diet
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 40 ppm in the diet
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
Hexachlorobenzene
subchronic NA; 1.6 ppm in diet for
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 1.6 ppm in diet for
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
Hexachlorobutadi ene
subchronic NA; 2-year dietary
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat decreased body weight 1E-3 4E-4a
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; increased liver ND 5E-4
weight
NA rat NA; increased liver ND 5E-4a
we i ght
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; induced carboxyl- ND 2E-2
esterase activity
NA rat NA; induced carboxyl- ND 2E-3a
esterase activity
NA rat NA; liver and hemato- ND 8E-4
logic effects
NA rat NA; liver and hemato- ND^S 8E-4a
logic effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; kidney toxicity ND 2E-3
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
3000 3000 Hine et al. ,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1989/Hine et
al., 1961; U.S.
EPA, 1989, 1990
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Velsicol
Chemical, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Velsicol
Chemical, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989
NA 100 NA/Mendoza
et al. , 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Mendoza
et al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Arnold et al. ,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Arnold et al. ,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Kociba et al. ,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1990
A-44
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CABCIHOGESICITY)
Dpdate: December, 1930
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chroBic NA; 2-year dietary
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
Bexachlorocyclohexane ,
delta and epsilon
Hexachlorocyclohexane ,
gamma (Lindane)
subchronie NA; 4 ppm ill diet for
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg/
day)
chronic HA; 4 ppm in diet for
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg
day)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
subchronie 0.15 ppm (1.67 rng/m )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 mg/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7,1 mg/kg/day)
chronic 0.15 ppm (1.67 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 mg/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
Hexachloroethane
subchronie HA; 16-week dietary
study (1 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 16-week dietary
study (1 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/nr (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat HA; kidney toxicity ND 2E-3a
(Cancer: see Table E)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
HA rat NA; liver and kidney ND 3E-3
toxicity
NA rat HA; liver and kidney ND 3E-4a
toxicity
(Cancer: see fable B)
rat rat respiratory tract 7E~4 (2E-4) 7E~2
lesions' forestomach
lesions
rat rat respiratory tract 7E-5 (2E-5) 7E-3a
lesions; forestomach
lesions
NA rat HA; kidney degeneration ND 1E-2
NA rat NA; kidney degeneration ND lE-3a
(also see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Kociba et al. ,
1877; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 198V
Zoecon Corp. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 198V
Zoecon Corp. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
100 100 Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/SRI, 1981;
Abdo et al. ,
19S4; U.S. EPA,
1990
1000 1000 Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/SRI, 1981;
Abdo et al, ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gorzinski et
al., 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1989, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gorsinski et
al. , 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1989, 1990
A-45
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUtWARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Hexachlorophene
subchronic NA; 30 ppm in the diet
for 13 weeks (0.75 mg/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 30 ppm in the diet
for 13 weeks (0.75 mg/
kg/day)
Hexamethylenedi amine
N-Hexane
subchronic 73 mg/m TWA for 1-12
years (occupational);
570 mg/kg/day
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; nervous system ND 3E-3
effects
NA dog NA; nervous system ND 3E-4a
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
human rat neurotoxicity; 2E-1 6E-1
neuropathy or
testicular atrophy
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 300 NA/Nationwide
Chem. Corp. ,
1974; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 3000 NA/Nationwide
Chem. Corp. ,
1974; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
300 1000 Sanagi et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990/Krasavage
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1989
chronic 73 mg/m3 TWA for 1-12
years (occupational);
570 mg/kg/day
human
rat neurotoxicity;
neuropathy or
testicular atrophy
2E-1
6E-2
2-Hexanone
Hydrogen sulfide
subchronic 30 ppm (42 mg/m ) mice
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 90 days; 3.1 mg/kg/day
in dried greens for
105 days
chronic 30 ppm (42 mg/m ) mice
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 90 days; 3.1 mg/kg/day
in dried greens for
105 days
p-Hydroquinone
subchronic NA; 300 mg/day for 3-5 NA
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
pig inflammation of nasal 9E-3
mucosa; GI disturbance
3E-2
pig
inflammation of nasal
mucosa; GI disturbance
9E-4a
human NA; hematological
effects
ND
4E-1
300 10,000 Sanagi et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990/Krasavage
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1990
100 100 CUT, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990b/
Watterau et al.,
1964, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 1990a,b
1000 1000 CUT, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990b/
Watterau et al.,
1964, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 1990a,b
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer, 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1987
A-46
-------
HEALTH SIMMRY 1ABIJE A: SUBCHROHIC AHD CHRDHIC 1GXICITY THAN C4BCIHCKEHICITX')
Update: December, 1990
Compound
chronic
Iron
Exposure
Inhalation ; Oral
NA; 300 mg/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
Isobutyl alcohol
suehronic HA; 316 tng/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
chronic
Isophorone
subchronic
chronic
Isopropalin
subchronic
chronic
Lactonitrile
Lead
subchronic
chronic
NA; 316 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
HA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppm in the diet
for 90 days (15 rag/kg/
day)
NA; 250 ppm in the diet
for 90 days (15 mg/kg/
day)
HA; NA
NA; NA
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA human HA; hematological ND88 4E-2
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat HA; hypoactivity and ND 3E-H)
ataxia
HA rat NA; hypoactivity and ND 3E-la
ataxia
HA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 2E+0
NA dog NA; kidney lesions HDff 2E-la
(Cancer: see Table B)
HA rat NA; hematological effects, ND 1.5E-1
altered organ weights
NA rat NA; hematological effects, ND 1.5E-2a
altered organ weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE SISK ASSESSMENT
MA NA NA; NA ND° HD
HA HA CNS effects; CNS effects ND° ND?
(also see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer, 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 HA/U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
NA 1000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Rota) and Haas,
1972; NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Rohm and Haas ,
1972; NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 100 HA/Eli Lilly
Co., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Eli Lilly
Co., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988
HA NA U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
NA NA U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
A-47
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SOBCBROSIC AHD CHR0HIC TQXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
Lead alky Is : tetrabutyl,
tetraethyl, tetramethyl,
tetrapropyl, tri ethyl,
tr imethy 1 , tr ipropyl ,
fcr imethylethyl ,
dimethylethyl ,
methyltri ethyl
subchronic NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day NA rat NA; liver and neuronal
by gavage for 20 weeks damage
chronic NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day NA rat NA; liver and neuronal
by gavage for 20 weeks damage
Lindane (see Hexaehloroeyclohexane, gaima)
Litmron
subchronic HA; 25 ppm in the diet KA dog HA; hematological
for 2 years (0.625 rag/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 25 ppm in the diet NA dog HA; hematological
for 2 years (0.625 rag/ (also see Table B)
kg/day)
Malathion
subchremic NA; 18 mg/day in cap- NA human NA; hematological
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 16 mg/day in cap- NA human NA; heinatological
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
Maleic anhydride
subchronic HA; 10 mg/kg/day in the NA rat NA; kidney lesions
diet for 2 years
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m'' (mg/kg/day )] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 1E-6 NA 1000 NA/Schepers,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
ND lE-7a'y NA 10,000 NA/Sohepers ,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
ND 2E-3 NA 300 NA/Du Pont de
Nemours and Co . ,
1962; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
ND 2E-3a NA 300 HA/Du Pont de
Nemours and Co . ,
1962; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
ND 2E-2 NA 10 NA/Moeller and
Rider, 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NDf:E 2E-2a NA 10 NA/Moelier and
Rider, 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 1E-1 NA 100 NA/Jessup
et al. , 1982;
Preache, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
A-48
-------
EFFECTS TABLE A: SOBCHRQMie AHD ICKICin (OTHER CABCIMXSHICITT)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 2 years
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat NA; kidney lesions
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)J (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
RD 1E-13 HA 100 NA/Jessup
et al., 1982;
Preache, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1980
Maleic hydrazide
subchronic
chronic
NA; 1Z ill diet for
28 months (500 mg/kg/
day)
HA; 11 in diet for
28 months (500 mg/kg/
day)
NA rat NA; altered kidney
function
SA rat HA; altered kidney
function
ND 5E-1 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Van der Haijden
et al. , 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
ND 5E-la NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Van der Haijden
et al., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
Malononitrile
sobohronic NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
chronic HA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
Mancozeb
subchronic NA; 50 ppm in the diet HA
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
chronic NA; 50 ppm in the diet NA
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
Haneb
subchronic SA; 300 ppm in diet for NA
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
rat HA; liver and spleen
rat NA; liver and spleen
NA; goitrogenic
effects
rat
NA; goitrogenic
effects
monkey NA; increased thyroid
weight
ND
ND
ND
2E-4
2E-5P
3E-2
3E-2
5E-2
NA 1000 NA/Panov et al.
1972; U.S. EPA,
1986
NA 1000 MA/Panov et al.
1972; U.S. EPA,
1986
NA 100 NA/U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 NA/U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 HA/Rohm and
Haas Co., 1977;
Maneb Data Task
Force, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
A-49
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SDBCHEDNIC AM) CBROHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CASCIHOGEHICITY)
Dpdate: December, 1930
Compound
chronic
Manganese
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; 300 ppm in diet for NA monkey
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
subchronic 0.97 tng/m occupational, human human
chronic
MCPA (see
HCPB (see
MCPP (see
LOAELHEC=0.34 ms/nT;
0.03-0.16 mg Mn/kg/day
chronic dietary intake
0.97 mg/m occupational, human human
LOAELgg^O . 34 mg/m3;
0.03-5716 mg Mn/kg/day
chronic dietary intake
2-Methyl™4~chlorophenoxyacetic acid)
4-(2-Methyl-4-ehlorophenoxy)butyric acid)
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid)
Effect of Concern Inhalation SfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; increased thyroid ND 5E~2a
weight
respiratory symptoms and 4E-4 1E-1
psychomotor disturbances;
no effect
respiratory symptoms and 4E-4^ lE-la
psychomotor disturbances ;
no effect
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 NA/Rohm and
Haas Co. , 1977;
Maneb Data Task
Force, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
900 1 Roels et al. ,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1984a,b/NRC,
1989; Schroeder
et al., 1966;
U.S. EPA,
1984a,b, 1990;
WHO, 1973
900 1 Roels et al.,
1987; O.S. EPA,
1984 /NEC, 1989;
Schroeder
et al., 1966;
U.S. EPA,
1984a,b, 1990;
WHO, 1973
Mephosfolan
subchronic HA; 1,25 ppm in the diet HA rat
chronic
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
HA; 1.25 ppm in the diet NA rat
for 17 weeks CO. 09 mg/
kg/day)
NA; liver and kidney ND 9E-4
weights , reduced
plasma , RBC and
brain cholinesterase
activities
NA; liver and kidney ND 9E-5
weights , reduced
plasma , RBC and
brain cholinesterase
activities
NA 100 HA/0.S. EPA,
1984
HA 1000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1984
A-50
-------
HEALTH SUKMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROSJC AMD TCKICIH
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
Mercury, inorganic
subchronie 0,009 mg/m , several human rat neurotoxicity; kidney
occupational studies ; effects
several oral and
chronic
Merphos
subehronic
chronic
Merphos oxide
subchronic
parenteral studies in
the Brown Norway rat
0.009 mg/m , several human rat neurotoxicity; kidney
occupational studies; effects
several oral and
parenteral studies in
the Brown Horway rat
HA; 0.1 mg/fcg/day in NA hen NA; ataxia, delayed
capsules for 3 months neurotoxioity
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day in HA hen NA: ataxia, delayed
capsules for 3 months neurotoxicity
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day in HA hen NA; ataxia, delayed
capsules for 3 months neurotoxicity
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/fcg/day)] {mg/kg/day} Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
3E~4 31-4 30 1000 Fawer et al. ,
1983; Piikivi
and Tolonen ,
1989; Piikivi
and Hanninen,
1389; Piikivi,
1989; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990/
Druet et al. ,
1978; Bernaudin
et al., 1981;
Andres, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
3E-4J 3E-4-J 30 1000 Fawer et al. ,
1983; Piikivi
and Tolonen,
1989; Piikivi
and Hanninen,
1989; Piikivi,
1989; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990/
Druet et al. ,
1978; Bernaudin
et al. , 1981;
Andres, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
1990
ND 3E-4 RA 300 HA/Abou-Donia
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 3E-5a HA 3000 HA/Abou-Donia
et al. , 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 3E-4 NA 300 HA/Abou-Donia
et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
A-51
-------
HEALTE EFFECTS SWK8X TABtE A: SOTCHSOMie AHD CHRONIC H3XICITS: (OTH1E IHAM CSBCIHCXSEHICIlf >
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
chronic KA; 0,1 mg/kg/day in HA hen
capsules for 3 months
Hethacrylonitrile
subchronic 3.2 ppm (9 mg/m ) , 7 dog dog
hours/day, 5 days /week
for 90 days CO. 63 mg/
kg/day ): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/m ) 7 hours /day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 ms/kg/day)
chronic 3.2 ppm (9 m&/m ), 7 dog dog
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/ffl3) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
Methanol
subohronic NA; 500 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 90 days
chronic NA; 500 mg/kg/day by HA rat
gavage for 90 days
Methomyl
subchronic NA; 100 ppm in diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
chronic HA; 100 ppm in diet HA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
Effect of Concern
Inhalation ; Oral
NA; ataxia, delayed
neurotoxicity
increased SCOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; in-
creased SCOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
increased SSOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; in-
creased SGOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
RA; increased seruiu
alkaline phosphatase
and SGPT and decreased
brain weight
NA; increased serum
alkaline phosphatase
and SGPT and decreased
brain weight
SA; kidney lesions
NA; kidney lesions
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
tmg/m (mg/kg/day) ] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 3E-5a NA 3000 NA/Abou-Donia
et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
7E-3 (2E-3)m lE-3b 300 300 Pozzani et al. ,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1990/Pozsani
et al., 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1990
7E-4 (2E-4)m l£-4a'b 3000 3000 Poszani et al.,
1988; U.S. EP&,
1990 /Pozzani
et al. , 1968;
0.S. EPA, 1990
HD 5E+0 HA 100 NA/U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
ND5 5E-la NA 1000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
ND 3E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1988,
1990
ND 3E-2a NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1988,
1990
A-52
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SWMARY TABLE A: SUBCBROHIC AMD CHRONIC TQKICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation ; Oral
Methojcychlor
subchronic NA; 5.01 mg/kg/day on
days 7-19 of gestation
chronic NA; 5.01 mg/kg/day on
days 7-19 of gestation
2-Methoxyethanol
subchronic 30 ppm (93 mg/m )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks,
NOAELnEC=17mg/m^ ;
30 ppm (93 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(4.41 mg/fcg/day)
chronic 30 ppm (93 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks,
NOAELHEC=17mg/nf>;
30 ppm (93 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(4.41 mg/kg/day)
2-Methoxyethanol acetate
subchronic HA; 10 ppm (31 tng/m3)
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
chronic NA; 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0 . 5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rabbit NA; excessive loss of
litters
HA rabbit NA; excessive loss of
litters i
rabbit rabbit testicular effects;
testicular effects
rabbit rabbit testicular effects;
testicular effects
HA rabbit HA; testieular
degeneration
NA rabbit NA; testicular
degeneration
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
(mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 5E-3 HA 1000 NA/Kincaid
Enterprises,
1886; U.S. EPA,
1990
ND 5E-3a NA 1000 NA/Kincaid
Enterprises,
1986; U.S. IPA,
199Q
2E-1 4E-2 100 100 Miller et al.,
1982, 19837
Miller et al. ,
1982, 1983
2E-2 4E-3S 1000 1000 Miller et al. ,
1982, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Miller et al. ,
1982
ND 2E-2b NA 100 NA/Miller
et al. , 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
HD 2E-3b NA 1000 HA/Miller
et al. , 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
A-53
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SDMMAKX TABLE A: SUBCHRQHJC AHD CB8OKIC TCKICIIY (OTHER IHAH C&RCIMOGEBICI1X)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Methyl acetate
subchronic BR; 500 mg/kg/day
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
chronic NR; 500 mg/kg/day
methanol by gavage for
30 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
Methyl acrylate
subchronic HA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m }
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
chronic NA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m )
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0 . 5
absorption factor
Methyl bromide (see Bromomethane)
Methyl chloride
Methyl chlorocarbonate
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy-
acetic acid (MCPA)
subchronic NA; 6 pprn in the diet
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 6 ppm in the diet
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
4- (2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)™
buturic acid (MCPB)
subchronic NA; 12 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Img/rn (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver damage ND 10
HA rat NA; liver damage ND 1s
HA rat NA; no effect ND 3E-2
NA rat NA; no effect1 NO 3E-2
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; kidney and liver ND 5E-4
NA dog NA; kidney and liver ND 5E-4a
NA rat, NA; reproductive ND 1E-1
dog toxicity in dogs,
liver and kidney
effects in rats
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
SA 100 HA/Toxicity
Research Labora™
tory, 1986;
0.S. EPA, 1986
NA 1000 NA/Toxicity
Research Labora-
tory, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
BA 100 NA/Klimiseh and
Reininghaus,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 100 HA/Klimisch and
Reininghaus ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1989
NA 300 NA/Industry Task
Fores, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Industry Task
Force, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
HA 100 HA/Rhodia Inc.,
1970a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
A-54
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AND CHROMIC TQXICITY (OTHER THAU CARCIHOOTIICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic NA; 12 rng/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
2- ( 2-Methyl-4 - chlorophenoxy ) -
propionic acid (MCPP)
subchronio NA; 50 ppm in the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 50 ppm in the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
Methylcyclohexane
4 , 4'~Hethylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)
subchronie NA; 100 mg/day, 3 days/
week for 3 weeks, then
5 days/week for 9 years
(7.3 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 100 ing/day, 3 days/
week for 3 weeks, then
5 days/week for 9 years
(7.3 mg/kg/day)
Methylene bromide
( d ibr omome thane )
subchronie NA; 25 ppm (178 mg/m3)
6 hours/day for 63 days
in a 90-day period, 0.5
absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 25 ppm (178 rog/m3)
6 hours/day for 63 days
in a 90-day period, 0.5
absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [nig/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat, NA; reproductive ND 1E-23
dog toxicity in dogs,
liver and kidney
effects in rats
NA rat NA; kidney weight ND 1E-2
NA rat NA; kidney weight ND lE-3a
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; liver and bladder ND 7E-4
effects
NA dog NA; liver and bladder HD 7E-4
effects
(also see Table B5
NA rat NA; increased ND lE-lb
carboxyhemoglobin
NA rat NA; increased ND8 lE-2b
carboxyhemoglobin
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 NA/Rhodia Inc . ,
1970a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/BASF Akt.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
RA 3000 NA/BASF Akt.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 10,000 NA/Stula et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 10,000 NA/Stula et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/Keyes et al. ,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 1000 NA/Keyes et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
A-55
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SDMiARY TABLE A: SBBCHROHIC AND CHSQBIC TOXICITY {OTHER THAN CABCINQGEHICITY)
Opdate: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Methylene chloride
(dichloromethane)
subchronic 200 ppm (694,8 mg/m3) rat rat
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 2 years ; 24-p3ont.h
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
chronic 200 ppm (694.8 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.4? mg/kg/day (females)]
4,4' -Methylenediphenyl isocyanate
subchronic 0.2 mg/m 6 hours/day, rat NA
5 days/week for 24
months , NOAELu£c~
0.005 mg/m3; NA
chronic 0.2 mg/m 6 hoars/day, rat HA
5 days/week for 24
months , NOAELn£c=
0.005 mg/m3; NA
Methyl ethyl benzenes (see Ethyltoluene)
Methyl ethyl ketone
subchronio 235 ppm (693 tngAO rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppm
(693 mg/mj) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
chronic 235 ppm (693 mg/m3) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppm
(693 mg/mj) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA; liver toxicity; 3E+0 6E-2 100 100 Nitschke et al. ,
1988; U.S. EPA,
1990/National
Coffee Associa~
tion, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
HA; liver toxicity; 3E+0J 6E-2a 100 100 Hitschke et al..
(Cancer: see Table B) 1988; U.S. EPA,
1990/National
Coffee Associa™
tion, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
nasal cavity lesions; NA 5E-5 ND 100 HA Reuzel et al.,
1990/HA
nasal cavity lesions; NA 5E-5J ND 100 NA Reuzel et al..
1990; U.S. EPA,
1990/NA
CNS; fetotoxicity 3E-0 (9E-1) 5E-lb'aa 100 100 LaBelle and
Brieger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
LaBelle and
Brieger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
CNS; fetotoxicity1 3E-1 (9E-2)8 5E-2b'y«aa 1000 1000 LaBelle and
Brieger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
LaBelle and
Brieger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
A-56
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SUHMARY TABLE A: SUBCHBOMIC AND CHR0HIC TOXICIff (OTHER SHAH CARCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Methyl isobutyl ketone
subchronic 50 ppm (205 mg/nj )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 nig/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
chronic 50 ppm (205 nsg/m )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ng/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl mercury
subehronic HA; 0.003 mg/kg/day
in humans associated
with Hg in blood at
200 ns/m£
chronic HA; 0.003 mg/kg/day
in humans associated
with Hg in blood at
200 ng/m£
Methyl methacrylate
sufochronic NA; 60 ppm for 4 months
then 70 ppm for 20
months in drinking water
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; 60 ppm for 4 months
then 70 ppm for 20
months in drinking water
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [rng/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat liver and kidney 8E-1 (2E-1) 5E-1
effects ; liver and
kidney effects
rat rat liver and kidney 8E-2 (2E-2)8 5E-2a
effects ; liver and
kidney effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE EISK ASSESSMENT88
HA human NA; CNS effects KB 3E-4
NA human HA; CMS effects ND 3E-4y
HA rat HA; increased relative ND 8E-2
kidney weight
NA rat NA; increased relative ND 8E-28
kidney weight
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 100 Onion Carbide
Corp. , 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1690 /
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
1000 1000 Union Carbide
Corp., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Microbiological
Associates ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986
HA 10 NA/Clarkson
et al. , 1978;
Nordberg and
Strangart, 1976;
WHO, 1976; U.S.
EPA, 1990
BA 10 HA/Carkson
et al., 1976;
Nordberg and
Strangart, 1976;
WHO, 1976; D.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Borzelleca
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 100 NA/Borzelleca
et al. , 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
A-57
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SUKMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC ASD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Methyl parathion
subchronic NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/
kg/day) in diet for
2 years
chronic NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/
kg/day) in diet for
2 years
Methyl styrene
(industrial mixture)
subchronic 10 ppm (48.3 mg/m ) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day); 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m ) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
chronic 10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day); 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m ) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
Methyl styrene, alpha
subchronic 970 mg/m , 7.5 hours/
day, 5 days /week for
200 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA
0
chronic 970 mg/m , 7.5 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
200 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA
Mirex
subchronic NA; 0.1 ppm in diet,
multigenerational study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0.1 ppm in diet,
multigenerational study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced hemoglobin, ND 2.5E-4
hematocrit and RBCs ,
cholinesterase inhibition
NA rat NA; reduced hemoglobin, ND 2.5E-43
hematocrit and RBCs,
cholinesterase inhibition
mouse mouse nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3b
nasal lesions
mouse mouse nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2)8 6E-3b
nasal lesions
rat NA liver and kidney; ND 7E-lb
NA
rat NA liver and kidney; ND 7E-2b
NA
NA prairie NA; decreased pup ND 2E-6
vole survival
NA prairie NA; decreased pup ND 2E~6a
vole survival (Cancer:
see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 NA/Monsanto Co . ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/Monsanto Co.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
1000 1000 MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987
1000 1000 MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/U.S. EPA,
1987; Wolf
et al. , 1956
NA 1000 NA/U.S. EPA
1987; Wolf
et al., 1956
NA 10,000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 10,000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-58
-------
exposure
apeeles
Effect of Concern Inhalation H£C Oral R£D Uncertainty Factor
Mo Ivbd etl
Molinate
water (.totaj. exposure
rag/day or 0.004 mg/kg/day)
gavage
chronic NA: 0.2 m2/1ce/dav
cnromo HA; t>o rag/Kg, i days/
gavage
Naphthalene
gavage 5 days/week for
dav)
rhrcvnir HA- *50 mo/Vo/r?aw Kir
MA
biochemical indices
toxicitv
weight gain;
convulsions
rat NA; mortality
weight zairs
4E-1
NA
Reference
1 U.S. EPA, 1990/
1979; U.S. EPA,
Chappell et al_.
iaan
Chemical Co.,
1990
HTP, 1986; O.S.
100 O.S. EPA. 1989/
EVA'
MTP, 1980; O.S.
DATA itiAUEQUATE FOE QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA, 1986
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS S«M«EY TABLE A: SUBCBROHIC AND CHROMIC TOXICTTY (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGEHICIXY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Nickel
subchronie
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation ; Oral
HA; 100 ppm Ni from
nickel sulfate in diet
for 2 years
(5 mg Ni/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm Ni from
nickel sulfate in
diet for 2 years
(5 mg Hi/kg/day)
Nicot.inonit.rile
Nitric oxide
subchronic
chronic
Nitrite
subchronic
chronic
Nitroanilines
Nitrobenzene
subchronic
KA; 10 ppm (10 mg/C)
nitrate concentration
in infant formula
(1.0 mg As/day)
SA; 10 ppm (10 mg/t)
nitrate concentration
in infant formula
(1.0 rag/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm nitrate in
drinking water
HA; 10 ppm nitrate in
drinking water
(o-, m-, p-)
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(HEC=4.5 mg/m3);
5 ppm (25 mg/m )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat cancer; reduced body ND 2E-2
and organ weight
NA rat cancer (see Table B); ND& 2E-2^
reduced body and organ
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; methemoglobinemia NA 1E-1
8A human HA; methemoglobinemia NA 1E-13
KA human NA; methemoglobinemia ND 1E-1
NA human NA; methemoglobinemia ND l£-la
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
mouse mouse hematological, adrenal, 2E-2 5E-3
renal and hepatic
lesions; hematological,
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
et al., 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
et al., 1976;
0.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 10 NA/Walton, 1951;
D.S. EPA, 1990
HA 10 NA/Walton, 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Walton, 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Walton, 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
300 1000 CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS TABLE A: SOBCHROHIC AMD TOXICITY (OTHER CAKCIB06EMICITY)
0pdate: December, 1990
exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic 5 ppm (25 mg/m )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(HEC=4.5 ms/m3);
5 ppm (25 ins/m3 )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
Hitrofurantoin
Sxjbchronic NA; 300 ppm diet for
13 weeks (69,7 rag/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 300 ppm diet for
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
Nitrofurans, 'other: see Table B
Nitrogen dioxide
subchronic 0.4 ppm (0.753 mg/m )
continuous for up to
2? months (HEO1.56
mg/m ) ; 10 ppm
nitrate-N in water
(1 mg nitrate~N/kg/day )
chronic 0.4 ppm (0.753 mg/m3)
continuous for up to
27 months (HEO1.56
mg/m ) ; 10 ppm
nitrate-N in water
(1 rag nitrate-N/kg/day)
Nitrogen oxides
Nitromethane
Nitrophenols
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
mouse mouse hematological, adrenal, 2E-3J 5E-4 '^
renal and hepatic
lesions; heiBatological,
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions
NA mouse NA; testicular ND 7E-1
damage
NA mouse NA; testioular TO 7E-2
damage
rat human proliferative 2E~2 1E+0
changes in lungs ;
methemoglobinemia
rat human proliferative changes 2E-28 lE+Oa>cc
in lungs; methemo-
globinemia
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT8
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
3000 10,000 CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI , 1980 ;
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 1 Kubota et al. ,
1987; Sagai and-
Ichinose, 1987;
Sagai ©t al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990b/Walton,
1951; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
100 1 Kubota et al. ,
1387; Sagai and
Ichinose, 1987;
Sagai et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990b/Walton,
1951; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
U.S. EPA, 1982
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987
A-61
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SHBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TCKICITI (OTHER THAS CARCINOGEHICIT?)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
2~Nitropropane
subchronic 25 ppm (78 rag/or) rat HA mild liver lesions; HA
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 22 months ,
LOAELHEC=lS.ang/m3; MA
•2
chronic 25 ppm (78 mg/m ) rat NA mild liver lesions; NA
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 22 months,
LQAELm;c'=16,3nig/m ; NA
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
2E-2 HD 1000 HA Angus Chemical
Co., 1985a,b;
Griffin et al.
1980, 1981/HA
2E-2J ND 1000 NA Angus Chemical
Co., 1985a,b;
Griffin et al.
1980, 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
HA
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Nitrotoluenes (o-, m-, p-}
subchronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nitrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
chronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o~nitrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
Octabrornodiphenyl ether
subchronic HA; 2.5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic
MA; 2.5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
OctamethyIpyrophosphoramide
subchronic NA; 1.5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0.02
OS/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1.5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0.02
m§/kg/day)
NA
NA
NA
HA
HA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; splenic lesions HD
rat NA; splenic lesions
rat NA; liver histology
rat NA; liver histology
human NA; decreased blood
cholinesterase
activity
human HA; decreased blood
cholitiesterase
activity
ND
HD
HD
ND
HD
1E-1
1E-2
3E-2
3E-3a
2E-3
2E-38
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 1000 NA/Ciss et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1986
NA 10,000 NA/Ciss et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1986
SA 100 NA/Carlson,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1983, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Carlson,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1983, 1990
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Rider et al.,
1969; D.S. EPA,
1989
HA 10 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Rider et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1989
Ozone and other
photochemical oxidants
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA, 1988
A-62
-------
EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS TABLE A: SUBCHRDKIC ABB CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER CASCIMQGEHICIT?)
Dpdate: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect o£ Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC
Oral R£0
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)j (mg/fcg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Paraldehyde
Parathion
subchronic NA; CBI
chronic NA; CBI
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA
human NA; cholinesterase
inhibition
human NA; cholinesterase
inhibition,
(see also Table B)
ND
ND
6E-3
6E-38
NA
NA
U.S. EPA, 1986
10 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
10 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Particulate matter
and sulfur oxides
Pebulate
subchronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day
subchronic feeding
study
chronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day
subchronic feeding
study
NA
HA
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES MOT DERIVED
rat HA; anticoagulant ND
effects
rat NA; anticoagulant ND
effects
5E-2
5E-2
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/CBI;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 HA/CBI;
U.S. EPA, 1984
Pendimethalin
subchronic NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day,
7 days/week in capsules
for 2 years
chronic NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day, NA
7 days/week in capsules
for 2 years
dog NA; liver
dog NA; liver
ND
4E-2
4E-2a
HA 300 NA/American
Cyanimid, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/American
Cyanitnid, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
subchronic NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic
NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Pentachlorobenzene
subchronic NA; 83 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 100 days
NA
NA
rat. NA; liver enzymes
rat NA; liver enzymes
rat NA; liver and kidney
toxicity
ND
ND
ND
2E-2
2E-3a
8E-3
NA 100 NA/Carlson,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1983, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Carlson,
1980; U.S EPA,
1983, 1990
SA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Linder et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
A-63
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SDBCHRDNIC AND CHRONIC TGXICITY {OTHER THAH CARCIHOGE81CITX)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic HA; 83 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 100 days
Pentachlorocyc lopentadiene
Pentachloronitrobenzene
subchronic NA; 30 ppm (0.75 mg/kg/
day) in diet for 2 years
chronic NA; 30 ppm (0.75 nig/kg/
day) in diet for 2 years
Pentachlorophenol
sufochronic NA; 3 mg/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
mating through gestation
chronic NA; 3 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 months
1, 1,2,3,3-Pentachloropropene
n~Pentane
Phenanthrene
Phenol
subchronic NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesis
chronic MA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo™
genesis
phenylenediamines (o~, p-)
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver and kidney ND 8E~4a
toxicity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
NA dog NA; liver toxicity ND 3E~3
HA dog HA; liver toxicity ND 3E-3a
(Cancer: see Table B)
RA rat HA; fetotoxicity HD 3E~2aa
NA rat NA; liver and kidney ND6 3E-2a
pathology
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
HA rat HA; reduced fetal body ND 6E-laa
weight
NA rat HA; reduced fetal body HDff 6E-la'aa
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Iiihalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 10,000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Linder et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988
NA 300 NA/Olin Corp. ,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1990
HA 300 HA/Olin Corp. ,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Schwetz et al . ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 198V
Schwets et al. ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1983
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1S84/
Research
Triangle
Institute, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
A-64
-------
HEALTH EJECTS ASSESSMENTS SIMMS TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TQXICIIY (OTHER THAH CARCIHOGEHICITY}
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC
_
Oral RfD
tmg/nr (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
Reference
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
m~Phenylenediamine
subchronic NA; 6.0 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic
NA; 6.0 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Phenylmercuric acetate
subchronic NA; 0,1 ppm mercury in
diet for 2 years
CO.0084 ing mecuric
acetate/kg/day)dd
chronic NA; 0.1 ppm mercury in
diet for 2 years
(0.0084 mg meeujic
acetate/kg/day)dd
Phosgene
Phosphine
subchronic 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m )
34 hours/week for 24
weeks, NOAELHEC=0•Z8
mg/m ; 0.026 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 2 years
chronic 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)
34 hours/week for 24
weeks, NOAELHEC=°•28
mg/m3; 0.026 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 2 years
Phosphorus (inorganic compoundsJ
Phthalic acids (o~, m-)
p-Phthalic acid
subchronic NA; 142 mg/kg/day in
diet for 2 years
chronic
NA; 142 mg/kg/day in
diet for 2 years
NA
NA
NA
NA
rat
rat
NA
NA
rat NA; liver lesions
rat HA; liver lesions
rat NA; renal damage
rat NA; renal damage
ND
ND
ND
ND
6E-2
DATA INADEQUATE FDR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT88
rat renal effects;
no effect
rat renal effects;
no effect
3E-4
3E-5
RISK ASSESSMENT NOT AVAILABLE
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; hyperplasia of
bladder urothelium
rat NA; hyperplasia of
bladder urothelium
ND
HD
8E-5
8E-5a
3E-4
1E+0
1E+0
NA 100 NA/Hofer and
Hruby, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Hofer and
Hruby, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Fitzhugh et
al., 1850; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Fitzhugh et
al., 1950; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1884
100 100 Klimmer, 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hackenberg,
1872; U.S. EPA,
1989
1000 100 Klinroer, 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hackenberg,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1930
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/CIIT, 1982;
Gross, 1874;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/CIIT, 1982;
Gross, 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1986
-------
Update: December, 1990
Fhthalic aBhydride
mg/kg/day} in diet for
histoeatholoRy
U.S. EPA. 1990
in Hie>t, -for
chronic
u.j. nig/Kg oy gavage,
10.u/ mg/Kg/ttayj
NA; Firemaster FF-1 HA
5 days/week for 25 weeks
weignt; ana .Liver
rat NA; elevated liver
lesions
HO
7E-6
HA
Bit, 1H83; U.S.
10,000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
EPA, 1989
subchronic NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day KA
food for 2 vears
fVt-i-^r^-i f MA- 10 R mo/Vo/^a-w Mil
rat NA: weight loss.
rnvel_in d&fitffnerat
ND
5E-2
NA
5QQ HA/Howard and
Phi I tin'r* at.'
Fpa 1QQH
subchronic MA; 10.8 mg/fcg/day MA
food for 2 years
potassium silver cyanide
rat NA; weight loss,
myelin degeneration
2E-1"
HA 500 NA/Howard and
Philbrick et
EPA. 1990
cvanide in
thvroid
1Q7Q- fl
A-66
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SDBCHRONIC AND CHEOHIC TOXICITY (OTHER TH&H CARCIBOGEMICITY)
Dpdate: December, 1990
Compound
Profluraliti
subchronic
chronic
Pronamide
subchronie
chronic
Propachlor
subchronic
chronic
Propazine
sobchronic
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; subchronic feeding
study; no details
provided (CBI)
NA; subchronic feeding
study; no details
provided (CBI)
HA; 300 ppra in diet for
2 years (7.5 mg/kg/day)
HA; 300 ppm in diet for
2 years (7,5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
HA; 13.3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
NA; 100 ppm in the
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm in the
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
HA dog
NA dog
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral 8fD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; NR ND 6E-3
NA; NR ND 6E-3
HA; none observed ND 8E-2
NA; none observed ND 8E-2a
NA; decreased body ND 1.3E-1
weight gain
NA; decreased body ND 1.3E-2a
weight gain
NA; decreased body ND 2E-2
weight gain
NA; decreased body ND 2E-2a
weight gain
(also see fable B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA NR NA/CBI ;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA NR SA/CBI ;
U.S. EPA, 1984
HA 100 NA/Rohm & Haas,
Co., 1970; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Rohm & Haas,
Co., 1970; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Monsanto,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Monsanto,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 300 NA/Geigy, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Geigy, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
2~Propenoic acid (see Acrylic acid)
Propionitrile
n-Propyl alcohol
DATA
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987
A-67
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SOWttRY TABLE A: SUBCBROHIC AHD CHROHIC TOXICIfX (OTHER THAH CABCIHOGEHICIZY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Propylene glycol
subchronic 170-350 mg/m3 (mean: rat rat
260 mg/m ) continuously
for 18 months (166 mg/
kg/day) ; 6% in diet for
20 weeks (3 g/kg/day)
chronic 170-350 mg/m (mean: rat dog
260 mg/m ) continuously
for 18 months (166 mg/
kg/day); 50,000 ppm in
diet for 2 years
(2.1 g/kg/day)
Propylene glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronic NA; 3Q~day drinking HA rat
water (680 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 mg/kg/day)
Propylene glycol
monomethyl ether
subchronic 1000 ppm (3685 mg/m3) rat, rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/ rabbit
week for 13 weeks,
NOAEL{jEcm658mg/m ;
947 mg/kg, 5 days /week
for 35 days (676
mg/kg/day) by gavage
chronic 1000 ppm (3685 mg/m3) rat, rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/ rabbit
week for 13 weeks ,
NOAELeEC=65anS/m :
947 mg/kg, 5 days/week
for 35 days (676
mg/kg/day) by savage
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
none observed; renal 6E+Q (2E+0) 3E+1
lesions
none observed; decrease 6E+Q (2E-H3) 2E-H
in RBC, heisatocrit.
hemoglobin in dogs
HA; reduced weight gain SD 7E+0
NA; reduced weight gain HD 7E-1
mild CHS effects; liver 7E+0 7E-H)
and kidney histopathology
mild CNS effects; liver 7E-1J 7E-1
and kidney histopathology
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 100 Robertson
et al., 1947;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Guerrant et al . ,
1947; U.S. EPA,
1987
100 100 Robertson
et al., 1947;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gaunt et al. ,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1987
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 1948;
U.S. EPA, 1984
HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 1948;
U.S. EPA, 1984
100 100 Landry et al. ,
1983; Miller
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Rowe et al. ,
1954; U.S. EPA,
1984
1000 1000 Landry et al.,
1984; Miller
et al. , 1984;
U.S. IPA, 1984,
1990/Rowe
et al., 1954;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
A-68
-------
HEALIH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SWMASY TABLE A: SDBCHROHIC AND CHROHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CABCIHOGEHICIIY}
Dpdafce: December, 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Propylene oxide
subchronic 71 mg/m 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 2
years, LOAELHEC=2.9
mg/m3; NA
ohroDic
Pyretie
subchronic
chronic
Pyridine
subchronic
chronic
71 mg/m 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 2
years, LOAELiEC^Z . 9
mg/m ; HA
NA; 75 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 75 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 1 tng/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Species Effect, of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (tng/kg/day)1 (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
rat NA nasal epithelium; NA 3E-2 ND 100 NA Kuper et al. ,
1988; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1S90/
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
rat NA nasal epithelium; NA 3E-2a NB 100 HA Kuper et al. ,
(see also Table B) 1988; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
NA mouse NA; renal effects ND 3E-1 NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
NA mouse NA; renal effects1 ND 3E-2a NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1890
HA rat NA; increased liver ND 1E-2 NA 100 NA/U.S. EPA,
weight 1986a,b, 1990
NA rat HA; increased liver ND lE-3a NA 1000 SA/U.S. EPA,
weight 1986a,b, 1990
RDX (Cyclonite)
subchronic NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day
for 105 weeks
chronic NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day
for 105 weeks
NA
HA
rat NA; prostate inflam-
mation, heinosiderosis
rat NA; prostate inflam-
mation, hemosiderosis
(also see fable B)
ND
m
3E-3
3E-3*
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Levine et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 100 U.S. SPA, 1989/
Levine et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SOmARY TABLE A: SDBCHROHIC AND CHROHIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CAKCIHOGENICIT1)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Ronnel
subchronic
chronic
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 mg/kg/day in NA rat NA; liver and kidney
the diet for 2 years effects
NA; 5 mg/kg/day in NA rat NA; liver and kidney
the diet for 2 years effects
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (ing/kg/day)] (mg/fcg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 5E-2 NA 100 NA/McCollister
et al., 1959;
O.S. EPA, 1984
ND 5E-28 NA 100 NA/McCollister
et al. , 1959;
U.S. EPA, 1984
Selenious acid
subchronic
chronic
Selenourea
subchronic
chronic
Silver
subchronic
NA; 3.2 mg/day from NA human ND; hair and nail loss,
diet of seleniferous dermatitis
foodstuffs (0.046
mg /kg/day)
NA: 3,2 mg/day from NA human ND; hair and nail loss.
diet of seleniferous dermatitis
foodstuffs (0.046
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.046 mg/kg/day, NA human NA; selenosis
exposure to selenium in
high-selenium areas,
converted to 0.072
mg selenourea/kg/day
NA; 0.046 mg/kg/day, NA human NA; selenosis
exposure to selenium in
high™s@lenium areas.
converted to 0.072
mg selenourea/kg/day
NA; 0.9-1.5 g silver HA human HA; argyria
arsphenamine by i.v. for
2-3 years (average,
0.0031 mg/kg/day); 6.4 g
total dosage silver
nitrate in 1 year
(0.077 mg/kg/day); 6.4 g
total dosage silver
acetate over 2.5 years
(0.0048 mg/kg/day)
Average of 3 studies,
0.0052 mg/kg/day
ND 3E-3 NA 15 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Yang et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
ND 3E-3y NA 15 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Yang et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
ND 5E-3 NA 15 NA/Yang et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
ND SE-S^ HA 15 NA/Yang et al.,
1983; O.S. EPA,
1990
HD 3E-3 NA 2 HA/Gaul and
Staud, 1935;
Blumber§ and
Carey, 1934;
East et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990
A-70
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SlffWARY IABLE A: SUBCHROUIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CABEINOGEHICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
chronic NA; 0.9-1.5 g silver HA human
arsphenamine by i .v. for
2-3 years (average,
0.0031 mg/kg/day) ; 6.4 g
total dosage silver
nitrate in 1 year
(0.077 mg/kg/day); 6.4 g
total dosage silver
acetate over 2.5 years
(0.0048 mg/kg/day)
Average of 3 studies,
0.0052 mg/kg/day
Silver cyanide
subchronic NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(55.7 mg silver
cyanide/kg/day)
chronic HA; 10.8 mg/fcg/day HA rat
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(55.7 nig silver
cyanide/kg/day)
Sirnazine
subchronic NA; 0.52 mg/kg/day in NA rat
in the diet for 2 years
chronic NA; 0.52 mg/kg/day in NA rat
in the diet for 2 years
Sodium cyanide
subchronic NA; 10.8 mg CH/kg/day NA rat
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCH at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; 10.8 mg CH/kg/day HA rat "
from diet containing
HCH (equivalent to
NaCH at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
HA; argyria
NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA; weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA; decreased weight
gain, hematologieal
effects
NA; decreased weight
gain, hematological
effects
(also see Table B)
NA; CHS
NA; CHS
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
Cmg/m (nig/kg/day)] (nsg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 3E-3a HA 2 NA/Gaul and
Staud, 1935;
Blumberg and
Carey, 1934;
East et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990
ND lE-ln NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbriek et
al. , 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
HD lE-la'n NA 500 KA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbriek et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
ND 2E-3 NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp., 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 2E-3a NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp. , 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
HD 4E-2n NA 500 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1984
ND 4E-2a'n HA 500 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
A-71
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS S»«ARY TABLE A: SDBCHKDNIC AHD CHROMIC KKICITY (OTHER THAR CAHCINOGMICIK)
Update: Decen4>er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Sodium diethyldithio-
carbamste
subchronic HA; 30 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA; 30 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Sodium metavanadate
subchronic NA; 10 ppm sodium
metavanadate in drink-
ing »ater for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day )
chronic NA; 10 ppm sodium
metavanadate in drink-
ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium nseta~
vanadate/kg/day)
Stirophos (see Tetrachlorvinphos)
Strychnine
subchronic NA; 2.5 mg/kg by
gavage for 28 days
chronic HA; 2.5 mg/kg by
gavage for 28 days
Styrene
subchronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
chronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat HA; decreased body
weight gain, renal
and heinotological
effects
NA rat NA; cataracts and
reduced body weight
in chronic study
(Cancer: see
fable B)
NA rat NA; impaired kidney
function
NA rat NA; impaired kidney
function
NA rat NA; toxicity
histopathology
NA rat HA; toxicity
histopathology
NA dog NA; red blood cell
and liver effects
NA dog NA; red blood cell
and liver effects
(also see Table B)
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/ai Cmg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
ND 3E-1 HA • 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sunderman
et al. , 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1888
ND 3E-2a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sunderman
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1988
1990
ND 1E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Domingo
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
HD 1E-3 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Domingo
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
ND 3E-3 NA 1000 NA/Seidl and
Zbinden, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1990
ND 3E-4a SA 10,000 NA/Seidl and
Zbinden, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1990
ND 2E+0 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Quast et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1989, 1990
MB8 2E-12 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Quast et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1989, 1990
A-72
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SDBCHROSIC AHD CBRQNIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CASCIHQGEBriCIlY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Succinonitrile DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Sulfuric acid
subchronic 0.066-0.098 mg/m3 human NA respiratory; NA HDU SD
occupational; NA
chronic 0.066-0.098 mg/m3 human HA respiratory; HA NDU ND
occupational; HA
Temephos
subchronic NA; 200 ppm in the diet HA rat NA; no effect ND 2E-1
for 99 days (11-24
rag /kg/day)
chronic NA; ZOO ppm in the diet NA rat HA; no effect ND 2E-2
for 99 days (11-24
mg/kg/day)
Terbufos
subchronic NA; 0.01 mg/kg/day in HA dog HA; no effect HD 1E-4
the diet for 6 months
chronic HA; 0.01 mg/kg/day in NA dog NA; no effect ND 1E-48
the diet for 6 months
Terephthalic acid DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
letrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB) DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
1,2,*, 5-Tetr achlorobenzene
subehronie NA; 50 ppm in diet for NA rat NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-3
13 weeks (converted to
0.34 mg/kg/day by
authors)
chronic NA; 50 ppm in diet for NA rat NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-4a
13 weeks (converted to
0.34 ing/kg/day by
authors )
Tetrachlorocyclopentadiene DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987
HA NA Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984/NA
HA NA Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA
1984/NA
NA 100 NA/Gaines
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 1000 NA/Gaines
et al. , 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 HA/U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 NA/0.S. EPA,
1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 100 NA/Chu et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
•1990
NA 1000 BA/Chu et al, ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988
A-73
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SUM1&RY. TABLE A: SDBCHROHIC AND CHROMIC TOXICIHE (OTHER TBAK CAKIUDSESICITT)
Update: Deoeniber, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
TetraehloEoethylene
(perchloroethylene )
subchronic NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 20 ing/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(1* ing/kg/day)
Tetrachlorohydrazobenzene (TCHB)
2,3,4, 6-Tetrachlorophenol
subchronic NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
I etrachlorophenol , 2,3,4,5-,
2,3,5,6-
1,1,2, 3-Ietrachloropropene
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m {mg/fcg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse HA; hepatotoxicity ND 1E-1
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxicity ND lE-2a
(Cancer: see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; increased liver ND 3E-1
weights and centri"
lobular hypertrophy
NA rat NA; increased liver ND 3E-2a
weights and centri-
lobular hypertrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Buben and
O' Flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Buben and
0' Flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1387
U.S. EPA, 1983
Tetrachlorvinphos
(Stirofos)
subchronic NA; 125 ppm in the
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day}
chronic NA; 125 ppm in the
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
Tetraethyl dithiopyrophosphate
subchronic NA; 10 ppm in diet
for 3 months (0.5
mg/fcg/day)
NA
NA
NA
dog NA; increased liver and ND
kidney weights, reduced
body weight gain
dog NA; increased liver and HD
kidney weights, reduced
body weight gain
(Cancer: see Table B)
rat NA; depressed RBC and ND
plasma cholinesterase
activity
3E-2
3E-2a
5E-3
NA
NA
NA
100 NA/Shell Chem.
Co., 1968; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
100 NA/Shell Chem.
Co., 1968; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
100 NA/Kimmerle and
Klimmer, 1874;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-7 4
-------
A: ASD
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Exposure
inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation R£C Oral RfD
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Reference
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
chronic HA; 10 ppm in diet NA
for 3 months £0,5
mg/kg/day)
Tetraethyl lead
subchrontc HA; 1.7 #g/kg/day in NA
peanut oil by gavage
for 20 weeks, 5 days/
week (1.2
chronic NA; 1.7 (Jg/kg/day in NA
NA; 1.7 (Jg/kg/day in
peanut oil by gavage
for 20 weeks, 5 days/
week (1.2 jig/kg/day)
Thallic oxide
[Thallium (III) oxide]
subchronic NA; 0.02 rug thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium (in soluble salts)
subchronic NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ HA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium(I) acetate
subchronic IA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA
chronic SA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; depressed RBC and
plasma cholinesterase
activity
rat NA; histopathology of
liver and thymus
rat NA; histopathology of
liver and thymus
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDg levels,
alopecia
rat HA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
ND
HD
ND
ND
ND
ND
HD
ND
ND
5E-48
1E-7
lE-7a
71-4
7E-5X
7E-4
7E-5
9E-4
9E-5a
NA 1000 NA/Kimmerle and
Klimmer, 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 10,000 NA/Schepers,
1964; U'.S. EPA,
1990
NA 10,000 NA/Schepers,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1990
HA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
K& 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
HA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
A-75
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SlMSfflY TABLE A: SOBCHEOHIC AKB CHROMIC TOXICITI (OTHER 1BAH CAKCIHOGENICITI)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Inhalation
Compound
Ihallium(I)
subchronic
chronic
Thallium(I)
subchronic
chronic
Thallium(I)
subchronic
RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m* (mg/kg/day)] (rag/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
carbonate
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day ( from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chloride
NA; Q.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
nitrate
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (ftom thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; increased SCOT and ND
serum LBH levels.
alopecia
rat NA; increased SCOT and ND
serum LDH levels ,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SGGT and ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SCOT and HD
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat NA; increased SGOT and ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
8E-4 NA 300 U.S.
MRI,
U.'S.
1990
8E-5a HA 3000 U.S.
MRI,
U.S.
1990
8E-4 NA 300 U.S.
MRI,
U.S.
1990
8E-5a NA 3000 U.S.
MRI,
U.S.
1990
9E-4 HA 300 U.S.
MRI,
U.S.
1990
EPA,
1986;
EPA,
EPA,
1986;
EPA,
EPA,
1986;
EPA,
EPA,
1986;
EPA,
EPA,
1986;
EPA,
1988/
1986,
1988/
1988,
1988/
1986,
19887
1986,
1988/
1986,
chronic NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
ND
9E-5"3
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
Thallium selenite
subchronic NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
rat HA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
ND
HD
9E-4
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
A-76
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HEALTE EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS STOMARY TABLE A: SUBCHBOHIC AND CHROHIC TQXICIH (OTHER TBAS CASCIKOGEHICITX)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Thallium(I) sulfate
subchronic NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA; 0,25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)-
benzothiazole CTCMTB)
subchronic NA; 333 ppm in the diet
diet, subchronic (25 mg/
kg/day)
chronic SA; 333 ppm in the diet
diet, subchronic (25 mg/
kg/day)
Ihiofanox
subchronic NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day
for 8 days
chronic NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day
for 8 days
Thiratn
subchronic NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day
for 24 weeks
chronic NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day
for 24 weeks
Tin and Compounds
subchronic NA; 2000 ppra stannous
chloride in diet for 2
years (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
chronic NA; 2000 ppm stannous
chloride in diet for 2
years (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat NA; increased SCOT and
serum LDH levels.
alopecia
NA rat NA; increased SGOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
SA rat NA; stomach lesions
NA rat NA; stomach lesions
NA dog NA; cholinesterase
inhibition
HA dog NA; cholinesterase
inhibition
NA ferret NA; impaired
reproduction
HA ferret NA; impaired
reproduction
NA rat NA; liver and kidney
lesions
NA rat HA; liver and kidney
lesions
Inhalation RfC Oral EfD
Cmg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
ND 8E~4
ND 8E-5a
ND 3E-1
ND 3E-2
ND 3B-4
ND 3E-46
ND 6E-3
ND 6E-3a
ND 6E-1
HD 6E-1
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MSI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
NA 100 NA/U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 1000 NA/U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
HA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hornshaw et al. ,
1987; U.S. EPA,'
1989, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hornshaw et al. ,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
-------
HEALTH TABLE A: SDBCHROHIC AHD CHROMIC TOXICITY CABCIHOGEHICITX)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Toluene
subchronic
chronic
Toluenedi amine
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
40 ppm for 6 hours.
NOAELHEC=151mg/m3;
312 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 13 weeks
(223 mg/kg/day)
40 ppm for 6 hours,
NQAELuEC— ISlrag/m ;
312 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 13 weeks
(223 mg/kg/day)
(2,3-, 3,4-)
Species
Inhalation Oral
human rat
human rat
DATA
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CSS effects, eyes 2E+0 2E-0
and nose irritation;
changes in liver and
kidney weights
CNS effects, eyes 2E+QJ 2E-la
and nose irritation;
changes in liver and
kidney weights
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
100 100
100 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Andersen et al. ,
1983; CUT,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990/NTP, 1989;
U.S. EPA 1990
Andersen et al, ,
1983; CUT,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990/NTP 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
Toluene-2, 5-diamirie
subchronic
chronic
NA; 2000 pprn of the
sulfate salt in the
diet for 78 weeks
(56 nig/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppm of the
sulfate salt in the
diet for 78 weeks
(56 mg/kg/day)
HA rat
NA rat
NA; no effect ND 6E-1
NA; no effect ND 6E-1
NA 100
NA 100
HA/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1984
Toluene-2 , 6-diamine
subchronic
chronic
tn-Toluidine
Triallate
subchronic
chronic
NA; 500 ppm of the
dihydrochloride in the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm of the
dihydrochloride in the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day )
NA; 1.3 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 24 months
NA; 1.3 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 24 months
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
NA dog
NA dog
NA; no effect ND 2E-1
NA; no effect ND 2E-1
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
HA; spleen and liver ND 1.3E-2
NA; spleen and liver ND 1.3E-2a'z
NA 100
NA 100
HA 100
HA 100
NA/NCI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA/NCI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA/Monsanto Co . ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA/Mons anto Co . ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1990
A-78
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS &SSESSMEHTS Sffl«ARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AHD CHRQHIC TOXICIIY (OTHER THAH CARCINOGENICITY)
Update; December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
1,2,4-Tribromobenzene
subchronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 45 or 90 days
chronic HA; 5 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 45 or 90 days
TrxbromoEBethane (see Bromoform)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
subchronic 3 ppm (22 mg/m ) 6
hours/day, 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
22,3 mg/m3 6 hours/
day, 5 days/week
for 3 months
chronic 3 ppm (22 rag/tn3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 nig/kg/day);
22.3 mg/m3 6 hours/
day, 5 days/week
for 3 months
Trichlorocyclopentadiene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
subchronic 500 ppm (2730 mg/m )
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(80 mg/kg/day)b
Suecies Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day) I (mg/kg/day)
HA rat HA; liver weight and HD 5E-Z
enzyme induction
HA rat HA; liver weight and HD 5E-3a
enzyme induction
rat rat increased uroporphyrin; 9E-2 (3E-2) 1.31E-2
porphyria
rat rat increased uroporphyrin; 9E~3 (3E-3) 1.31E-3
porphyria
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
guinea guinea hepatotoxicity; 1E+1 (3E+0)r 9E-lb
pig pig hepatotoxicity
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 HA/Carlson and
Tardiff, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Carlson and
Tardiff, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
100 100 Watanabe et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987/Watanabe
et al. , 1978;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b
1000 1000 Watanabe et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987/Watanabe
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b
U.S. EPA, 1988
100 100 Torkelson
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Torkelson
et al. , 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1990
A-7 9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUtWARY TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC AND CHROMIC TOXICIXY (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGE1ICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic 500 ppm (2730 mg/m3)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day ) ; 500
ppm (2730 mg/nr) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day)b
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
subchronic NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
chronic NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
Trichlorofluoromethane
(F-ll)
subchronic 5600 mg/m contin-
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1000 mg/kg/day, 5
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 mg/kg/day)
chronic 5600 rng/m contin-
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
488 mg/kg/day, 5
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 mg/kg/day)
2,4,4'Trichloro-
2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether
subchronic NA; 500 mg/kg, 6 days/
week for 4 weeks (429
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
guinea guinea hepatotoxicity;
Pig Pig hepatotoxicityl
HA mouse NA; clinical chemistry
alterations
NA mouse NA; clinical chemistry
alterations
(Cancer; see Table B)
dog rat elevated BUN, lung
lesions; mortality
dog rat elevated BUN, lung
lesions; mortality
NA rat ND; ND
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor Reference
[mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
1E+0 (3E-l)S-r 9E-2b-y 1000 1000 Torkelson
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Torkelson
et al. , 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1990
HD 4E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
White et al. ,
1985; Sanders
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1990
HD8 4E-3a HA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
White et al. ,
1985; Sanders
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1990
7E+0 (2E+0) 7E-1 1000 1000 Jenkins et al. ,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987
7E-1 (2E-1) 3E-la 10,000 1000 Jenkins et al. ,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/KCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
HD 4E+0 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Lyman and
Furia, 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1987
chronic
NA; HA
NA
HA ND; ND
ID
ND
NA
NA U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Triehloromethane (see Chloroform)
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUM«RY TABLE A: SUBCHBOHIC AHD CHSQRIC TOXICITf (OTHER THAN QSBCIHOGEHICITY)
Update: Decesfoer, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
TrichlorophenoL, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-,
2,3,6-, and 3,4,5-
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenol
subchronie HA; 1000 ppm of diet
for 98 days (100 mg/
kg/day)
chronic HA; 1000 ppm of diet
for 98 days (100 mg/
kg/day)
2,4, 6-Triehlorophcnol
2,4,5-Triohloro-
phenoxyacetie acid
subehronic NA; 10 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA; 3 mg/kg/day
3-generation study
2(2,4, 5-Tr ichlorophenoxy )
propionic acid (Silvex)
subchronic NA; 30 ppm in diet
for 2 years (0.75
mg /kg/day)
chronic NA; 30 ppm in diet
for 2 years (0.75
mg /kg/day)
Trichloropropane, 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation R£C Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
HA rat HA; hepatotoxicity, ND 1E+0
kidney effects
NA rat NA; hepatotoxicity, ND lE-la
kidney effects
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
(see fable B)
NA rat NA; liver and kidney ND 1E-1
weights
NA rat KA; decreased survival ND lE-2a
NA dog NA; histopathological ND 8E-3
changes in liver
NA dog NA; histopathological ND 8E~3a
changes in liver
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987/McCollister
et al. , 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987/McCollister
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1389/
Gehring and
Betso, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1989
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Kociba et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
SA 100 NA/M«llison,
1966 , Gehring
and Betso, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Mullison,
1966; Gehring
and Betso, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1387
A-81
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SObM&RX TABLE A: SBBCHROHIC AMD CBKDHIC TOXICIXY (OTHER TOM OffiCIlOSEHCITY)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Cosipound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effegt of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation R£C __J2£3l_R£D_
lmg/m3 Cmg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1,1,2-Trichloropropane
subchronic SA; 100 mg/t in drinking HA
water for 13 weeks
(15 rag/kg/day)
chronic NA; 100 mg/£ in drinking NA
water for 13 weeks
(15 mg/kg/day)
histopathological ND
lesions in liver,
kidney and thyroid
rat histopathological HD
lesions in liver,
kidney and thyroid
5E-2
5E~3e
NA 300 U.S. SPA, 1967/
Villaneuve
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Villaneuve
et al., 1985;
D.S. EPA, 1990
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
subchronie HA; 8 nag/kg 5 days/week
for 120 days (5.7
rag /kg/day)
chronic HA; 8 tug/kg 5 days/week
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day}
1,2,3-Trichloropropene
»A
NA
rat NA; transient clinical SD
signs, liver and kidney
lesions, decrease in RBC,
hematocrit and hemoglobin
rat NA; transient clinical ND
signs, liver and kidney
lesions, decrease in RBC,
hematocrit and hemoglobin
6E-2
6E-3e
HA 100 D.S. EPA, 1987/
HTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
KTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
subchronic 3 pptn (18 mg/mj), dog NA eye irritation; NA ND 5E-3D
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 66 weeks; NA
chronic 3 ppm (18 rag/m3), dog HA eye irritation; NA HD 5E-3b
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 66 weeks; HA
2,3, 6-Trichlorotoluene
subchronic NA; 0.5 ppm in diet HA rat NA; liver kidney, ND 5E-5
(0.05 mg/kg/day) for thyroid lesions
28 days
chronic NA; NA NA NA NA; NA ND ND
a, 2, 6-Trichlorotoluene
subchronic NA; 0.5 ppm in diet HA rat NA; liver, kidney, ND 5E-5
(0.05 zsg/kg/day) for thyroid lesions
28 days
chronic RA; HA HA NA NA; NA ND ND
NA 100 NA/McKenna
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1983
NA 100 NA/McKenna
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1983
HA 1000 U.S. EPA,
Chu et al.
1984; U.S.
1987
NA NA U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
NA 1000 U.S. EPA,
Chu et al.
1984; U.S.
1987
HA NA U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
1987/
'EPA,
1987/
1987
1987/
'EPA,
1987/
1987
A-82
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SttMARX TABLE A: SUBCHKDHIC AHD CHROMIC XOXICITY (OIHE& THAN
Update: December, 1830
Exposure
Compound Inhalation ; Oral
l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-
tr I f luoroethane
subchronic 2000 ppm (15,328 mg/m3)
8 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 24 months, NOAELHEC=
2737 mg/m3; 2000 ppm
(IS ,328 mg/m3) 6 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
24 months (343 mg/kg/
day absorbed dose)
chronic 2000 ppm (15,328 mg/m3)
6 hoars/day, 5 days/week
for 24 months, NOAELgEC=
2737 mg/m ; 2000 ppm
(15,328 mg/m3) 6 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
24 months (343 mg/kg/
day absorbed dose)
Trifluralin
subchronie KA; 30 ppm in the diet
for 12 months (0.75
mg /kg/day)
chronic NA; 30 ppm in the diet
for 12 months (0.75
mg/kg/day)
Trimethylbenzenes
1,3, 5-T rinitrobenzene
subchronic NA; 3 ppm 1,3-dinitro-
benzene in drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to 0,51
mg/kg/day 1,3,5-trinitro-
benzene)
chronic NA; 3 ppm 1,3-dinitro-
benzene in drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day ecpiivalent to 0.51
mg/kg/day 1,3,5-trinitro-
benzene )
Trinitrophenols
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral fng/itr
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SOBCHEONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESaEHTS SWMARY TABM A: SUBCHBOHIC AND CHRONIC TCKICIT? (OTHER THAH CABCIHOGENICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m Cms/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
Vanadyl sulfate
sub chronic
chronic
Vernolate
(Vernam)
subchronic
chronic
Vinyl acetate
subchronic
chronic
NA; 5 ppra vanadium from HA rat NA; none observed HD 2E-2
vanadyl sulfate in
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulf ate/kg/day )
HA; 5 ppm vanadium from NA rat HA; none observed ND 2E-2
vanadyl sulfate in
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulf ate/kg/day)
NA; 20 ppm in the diet HA rat NA; decreased body weight ND 1E-2
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
NA; 20 ppm in the diet NA rat MA; decreased body weight ND lE-3a
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
NOAEL: 50 ppm (176 mg/m3) mouse rat nasal lesions; no effect 2E-1 1E+0
6 hours/day, 5 days/week on body and kidney weight
for 13 weeks (HEO5
mg/m3); 1000 ppm in the
drinking water for
2 years (100 mg/kg/day)
NOAEL: 50 ppm (176 mg/m3) mouse rat nasal lesions; no effect 2E-la 1E+0
6 hours/day, 5 days /week on body and kidney weight
for 13 weeks (HEC=5
mg/m ); 1000 ppm in the
drinking water for
2 years (100 mg/kg/day)
4-¥inyl-l-cyclohexene DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUAHTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/Stauffer
Chem. Co., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1990
NA ' 1000 NA/Stauffer
Chem. Co. , 1983;
U.S. IPA, 1983,
1990
30 100 Owen, 1988;
Dreef-Vander
Meulen, 1988;
Beems, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Shaw, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1989
30 100 Owen, 1988;
Dreef-Vander
Meulen, 1988;
Beems, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Shaw, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1983
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAU CARCIHOGEBICITY)
0pdate: December, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Compound
m™Xylene
subchronic
chronic
o-Xylene
subchronic
chronic
p-Xylene
subchronic
chronic
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m3 (nig/kg/day}] (mg/kg/day)
4750 mg/m3, 8 hours/ rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/
day)v; 500 ing/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (357 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day )
4750 mg/m3, 8 hours/ rat
day, 7 days /week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)v;
250 nig/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xy lenes/kg/day )
150 mg/nr continuous rat
on days 7-14 of gesta-
tion (95.6 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
4750 mg/m3, 8 hours/ rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 ing/kg/day);
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (173 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day )
20 ppm 7.5 hours/day human
for 5 days, NOAELgEC=
27 mg/m3; NA
20 ppm 7 . 5 hours/day human
for 5 days, HOAELHEC=
27 mg/m3; NA
rat hepatomegaly; none 4E+0 (1E+0) 41+0
observed
rat hepatomegaly; hyper- 7E-1 (2E-1) 2E+Q
activity, decreased body
weight, increased mortality
at higher dosage
rat fetotoxicity; none 3E+0 (lE+0)aa 4E+Q
observed
rat hepatomegaly; hyper- 7E-1 C2E-1) 2E+0
activity, decreased body
weight, increased mortality
at higher dosage
NA CNS effects, nose and 3E-1 HD
throat irritation; NA
HA CNS effects, nose and 3E-1 HD
throat irritation; NA
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
1000 100 Tatrai et
1981; U.S.
1989/KTP,
5000 100 Tatrai et
1981; U.S.
1989/HTP,
U.S. EPA,
100 100 Ungvary et
1980; U.S.
1989/NTP,
5000 100 Tatrai et
1981; U.S.
1989/NTP,
U.S. EPA,
100 NA Hake et al
1981;
U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
100 HA U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
al. ,
EPA,
1986
al.,
EPA,
1988;
1986
al. ,
EPA,
1986
al..
EPA,
1985;
1986
. ,
1989/
1989
1989/
1989
A-86
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SDWttRY TABLE A: SUBCHEONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAH CAECIHOGEKICITY)
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Xylenes , mixed
suBchronic
chronic
Zinc
subchronic
chronic
Zinc* cyanide
subchronic
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
20 ppm 7 . 5 hours/day
for 5 days, BOAELnEC=
27 mg/m3; 500 mg/kg
mixed xylenes 5 days/
week by gavage for
13 weeks (357 m§ mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppro 7 . 5 hours/day
for 5 days, NQAELeEC=
2J mg/m3; 250 mg/kg
mixed xylenes 5 days/
week for 103 weeks
(179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day )
SA; 2.14 mg/kg/day
therapeutic dosage
HA; 2.14 mg/kg/day
therapeutic dosage
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(67. 5 mg zinc
cyanide/kg/day )
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(67.5 nig zinc
cyanide/kg/day )
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral [mg/m (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
human rat CMS effects, nose and 3E-1 4E+0
throat irritation; none
observed
human rat CHS effects, nose and 3E-1J 2E+Oa
throat irritation; hyper-
activity, decreased body
weight and increased
mortality at higher dosage
NA human NA; anemia HD 2E-1
HA human NA; anemia1 ND 2E-1*
HA rat NA; weight loss, thyroid ND 5E-2n
effects and myelin
degeneration
HA rat NA; weight loss, thyroid HD 5E-2a'n
effects and myelin
degeneration
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 100 Hake et al, ,
1981; Litton
Bionetics, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1990
100 100 Hake et al. ,
1981; Carpenter
et al., 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1986; U.S.
EPA, 1989, 1990
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Pories et
al., 1967;
Prasad et al. ,
1975; O.S. EPA,
1984
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Pories et al. ,
1967; Prasad
et al., 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1984
HA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbriek et
al. , 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
RA 500 HA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Philbriek et
al., 1S79; U.S.
EPA, 1990
A-87
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SHBCBRQHIC ASD CBBQBIC TOKICITY (OTHBS 1BAK CA8CI1OGEHICITX)
Update: December, 1990
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC Oral RfD
[mg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Zinc phosphide
subchronic NA; 50 ppm in diet NA
for 13 weeks, converted
to 3.48 mg/kg/day by
authors
chronic NA; 50 ppm in diet
for 13 weeks, converted
to 3.48 mg/kg/day by
authors
Zineb
NA
rat NA; reduction of
food intake and body
weight.
rat NA; reduction of
food intake and body
weight
ND
HD
3E-3
3E-4a
NA 1000 NA/Bai et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1S90
NA 10,000 NA/Bai et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990
subchronic
chronic
NA; 500 ppm
for 2 years
day)
NA; 500 ppm
for 2 years
day)
in the diet NA
(25 mg/kg/
in the diet NA
(25 rng/kg/
rat NA; thyroid
hyperplasia
rat NA; thyroid
hyperplasia
ND 5E-2 NA 500 NA/Blackwell-
Smith et al. ,
1953; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
ND 5E-2a HA 500 NA/Blackwell-
Smith et al. ,
1953; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
aVerified, available on IRIS
"Based on route-to-route extrapolation
cSpecifically related to organoleptic threshold and potential for respiratory tract irritation, not to systemic toxicity
Specifically related to organoleptic threshold; safe concentration may be higher but data are inadequate to assess.
elnhalation study with antimony trioxide in rats (Watt, 1980, 1981, 1983; ASARCO, Inc., 1980) provides qualitative evidence of lung cancer; cancer potency not
estimated.
Calculated by analogy to antimony by correcting for differences in molecular weight
8Under review by SfD/RfC Work Group
Because of background dietary exposure, a subchronic oral RfD was not estimated.
%erified 2 separate RfDs, IE-3 for food and 5E-4 for water.
•^Verified; Workgroup concurrence on final data base file and IRIS input pending
^Current drinking water standard of 1.3 mg/£; Drinking Water Criteria Document concluded toxicity data were inadequate for calculation of an RfD for copper.
-"-CRAVE-verified as an EPA weight-of-evidence Group D substance
m!hese values differ from those in the HEED (U.S. EPA, 1987) because the uncertainty factors for deriving the inhalation RfD values presented herein were changed to
correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1990) for generating the oral RfD from the same (inhalation) study.
A-88
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHTS SW«ASY TABLE A: SDBCHRQHIC AND CHEDHIC KKICITY (OTHER TEAS CABCIHOGEKICIT?)
Update: December, 1990
^Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for differences in molecular weight
°Final Draft of Air Quality Criteria Document (6QQ/8-83-028F) declines to derive an air quality criterion for lead,
P(3ral RfD not verified and currently not under discussion
^Based on RfD for methyl mercury
rThese values differ from those in the HEA (U.S. EPA, 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to the
inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfD derived on IRIS.
5A minor calculation error in estimation of transformed dose in 1986 H1EP is corrected here.
Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
uAn acceptable air concentration of 0.07 mg/m was estimated by Carson et al. (1981) from available data,
Experiment performed with o-xylene
wFrom toxicity data on tetraethyl lead
Withdrawn from IRIS
yThe oral RfD, while still available on IRIS, is being reconsidered by the RfD Workgroup,
zThe verified RfD appears on IRIS as 1.3E-3 because of a typographical error.
aaDevelopmental effects have been used as the basis of calculation.
Basedon arsenic equivalents
cclhis value for nitrogen dioxide-H is based on analogy to nitrate.
Calculatedby analogy to mercury by correcting for differences in molecular weight.
eeAnew RfD is verified and the old number on IRIS will be changed.
InhalationRfC not verified and currently not under discussion.
chemical's RfC or RfD is considered "not verifiable" (further explanation available on IRIS).
NA = Hot applicable or not available; KB = not determined; SR = not reported
Notes: To estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfDs/RfD, multiply by 70 and divide by 2 €.
If exposure occurs by both oral and inhalation routes, the route-specific RfDg/RfD must be proportionally reduced.
A-£
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SM«&RY TABLE B: CABCIHOGEHICHY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Acephate
Acrolein
Acrylamlde
Acrylonitrile
Alachlor
Aldrin
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-year dietary NA mouse HA liver
(also see Table A)
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
HA; 2-year drinking HA rat NA CMS, manmary and
water thyroid glands,
uterus , oral
cavity
(also see Table A)
occupational; three human rat lung multiple
drinking water
studies
HA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
three dietary studies; mouse mouse liver liver
three dietary studies (also see Table A)
EPA Group/Onit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
Oig/ra3)"1
[(mg/kg/day) 11
HD
C/NDa
B2/1.3E-3
[4.5E+0]a'b
B1/6.8E-5
[2.4E-l]a
B2/NDf
B2/4.9E-3
[1.7E-H]a'b
Oral
(US,/ D'1 ,
[(ing/kg/day) 1]
C/2.5E-7
[8.7E-3]3
C/HDa
B2/1.3E-4
[4.5E+0]8
B1/1.5E-5
[5.4E-1]3
B2/2.3E-6
[8.1E-2]f
B2/4.9E-4
[1.7E+1]2
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Company, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Johnson et al. ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
O'Berg, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1887a,b, 1990/
Quast et al. , 1980;
Bio/dynamics, Inc.
1980a,b; U.S. EPA,
1983, 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NCI, 1977; Davis and
Fitzhugh, 1962;
AlLyl chloride
NA; NA
HA
NA HA
(also see Table A)
C/NDa
C/NDa
Epstein, 1975;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 1986, 1987,
1990/NCI, 1977;
Davis and Fitzhugh,
1962; Epstein, 1975;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 1986, 1987,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1983,
1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B:
Update: December, 1990
CABCINOGEHICITY
Compound
Aniline
Aramite
Arsenic
Asbestos
Atrazine
Azobenzene
Benzene
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 2-year dietary
NA; 400 ppm in diet
for 104 weeks (20
mg/kg/day)
100-5000 ^g/rn3
continuous ;
0.01-1.8 mg/€ in
drinking water
occupational;
dietary
NA; 2-year dietary
NA; 2-year dietary
occupational;
occupational
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA rat NA spleen
NA rat increased increased
incidence incidence
of liver tumors of liver tumors
(also see Table A)
human human respiratory skin
tract
(also see Table A)
human rat lung and large intestine
mesothelioma
NA rat HA mammary gland
adenoma , f ibro-
adenomas , adeno~
carcinomas and
carcinosareomas
NA rat NA abdominal cavity
human human leukemia leukemia
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral
(Mg/m3)"1 (Mg/t)'1
[(mg/kg/day)"1] £ (mg/kg/day) 1]
B2/ND B2/1.6E-7
I5.7E-3]3
B2/7.1E-6 B2/7.1E-6
[2.5E-2jb [2.5E-2]
A/4 . 3E-3 A/HAk
[5.0E+l]a'P
A/2.3E-1 A/ND
(fibers/rat) to
C/ND C/6.3E-6
[2.22E-l]f
B2/3.1E-5 B2/3.1E-6
[l.lE-l]a>b [1.1E-1]3
A/8.3E-6 A/8.3E-7
[2.9E-2]3 [2.9E-2]a'b
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
CUT, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1990
Popper et al. , 1960;
Oser and Oser, 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Popper et al. , 1960;
Oser and Oser, 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1989
Brown and Chu,
1983a,b,c; Lee-
Feldstein, 1983;
Biggins, 1982;
Enterline and
Marsh, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984a,b,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1990
D.S. EPA, 1984/
Ciba-Geigy, 1986,
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NCI, 1979; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
Ott et al. , 1978;
Rinsky et al. , 1981;
Wong et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1989, 1990/
Ott et al., 1978;
Rinsky et al,, 1981;
Wong et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1989, 1990
B-2
-------
HEALtl EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMH&83T TABLE B: CARCIHOGEHICITX
Update: Deceaijer, 1990
Compound
Benzidine
BenzoEa] anthracene
Benzo [ a] pyrene
Benzo[b] fluoranthene
Benzo[k]f luoranthene
Benzotrichloride
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Bis(2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bis(chloromethyl)-
ether
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; human human
occupational
NA; MA NA HA
2.2-9.5 mg/ra3, 4.5 hamster mouse
hours/day for <96.4
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for K110 days
RA; NA MA HA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 0.26 mg/kg/day, mouse mouse
2 days/week by gavage
for 25 weeks
NA; 0, 15, 30 rag/kg, NA rat
3 days/week by gavage
for 104 weeks
occupational; 5 pptn human rat
in drinking water
for lifetime
560-day oral study; mouse mouse
560-day oral study
inhalation 10-100 rat rat
days; inhalation
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(fig/m3)'1
[{ mg/kg/day) -1]
urinary bladder urinary bladder A/6.7E-2
(also see Table A) [2.3E+218
NA SA B2/HAa'u
respiratory stomach B2/1.7E-3
tract [6.1]u'w
HA HA B2/BDa'u
NA NA B2/NDa'u
lung lungs B2/NA«
NA thyroid B2/ND
lung total E2/2.4E-3
tumors [8,4E+0]a
(also see Table A)
liver liver B2/3.3E-4
[l.lE+0]a-b
respiratory ND A/6.2E-2
tract [2.2E+2]3
Oral
(wi/er1 .
Hmg/kg/day) 1]
A/6 . 7E-3
I2.3E+2]a'b
B2/N03 ' u
B2/3.3E-4
fll.5]u'w
B2/HDa'u
B2/NDa'u
B2/3.6E-4
[1.3E+1]3
B2/4.9E-6
[1.7E-1]3
B2/1.2E-4
[4.3E+0]a
B2/3.3E-5
[1.1E-H3]3
A/6 . 2E-3
[2.2E+2]a'b
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Zavon et al. , 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Zavon et al. , 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1988, 1987, 1990
0.S. EPA, 1990
Thyssen et al. ,
1990; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990/Neal and
Rigdon, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1990
0.S. EPA, 1990 /
Fufcuda et al. , 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Lijinski, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
Wagoner et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990/
Schroeder and
Kitchener, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
limes et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1990/Innes et al. ,
1969; U.S. EPA, 1980
1987, 1990
Kuschner et al. ,
1975; 0.S. EPA,
10-100 days
1990/0.S. EPA, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCIKOGEKICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Bis (2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoethene
(vinyl bromide)
Bromoform
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl benzyl
phthalate
Cadmium
Captafol
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
2-year gavage
study ; 2 -year
gavage study
NA; 103-week
dietary study
NA; 102-week gavage
study
2-year inhalation
study; NA
NA; 103-week gavage
study
two inhalation
studies; NA
NA; NA
occupational; NA
NA; dietary study
(CBI)
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
mouse mouse liver, lung
NA mouse NA
(also see Table
NA mouse NA
(also see Table
rat NA liver
NA rat NA
(also see Table
mouse rat hematopoietic
system,
Leydig cell,
thyroid
NA NA NA
(also see Table
human NA respiratory
tract
(also see Table
NA mouse NA
(also see Table
Oral
liver , lung
liver
A)
liver
A)
NA
large intestine
A)
NA
NA
A)
NA
A)
lyrophosarcoma
A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(Mg/m3)'1
[(mg/kg/day) l]
C/2E-5
[7E-2]b
B2/NDa
B2/ND3
B2/3.2E-5
[1.1E-1]
B2/1.1E-6
[3.9E-3]a
B2/2.8E-4
[1.8E+0]3'1
NA
B1/1.8E-3
[6.1E+0]a
C/ND
Oral
(Mg/tr1
[(mg/kg/day) I]
C/2E-6
I7E-2]
B2/4E-7
[1.4E-2]3
B2/3.7E-6
[1.3E-1]3
B2/ND
B2/2.3E-7
[7.9E-3]3
ND
C/NDa
ND/NDC
C/2.4E-7
[8.6E-3]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NIP, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NTP, 1982,
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
Benya et al. , 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990/NTP, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
ND/Hazelton Labs,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
Thun et al. , 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1984,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS SWMffltt TABLE B: CAECIMOGEHICHY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
C apt an
Carbazole
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloranil
Chlordane
Chlorodibromoethane
Chloroethene
(see vinyl chloride)
Chloroform
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA; 96-week dietary NA mouse NA liver
study
several gavage several several liver liver
studies; several (also see Table A)
gavage studies
NA; 82-week oral NA mouse NA liver and
study lung
two dietary bioassays; mouse mouse liver liver
two dietary bioassays (also see Table A)
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse NA liver
study
138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat liver kidney
200-188 ppm in (also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1] [ (mg/kg/dayT1]
B2/NDf B2/1.0E-7
[3.5E-3]f
B2/ND B2/2.8E-7
[2E-2]
B2/1.5E-5d B2/3.7E-6
[ISE""!]^' f 1 3E""X] ^
C/ND C/1.1E-5
[4.03E-1]
B2/3.7E-4 B2/3.7E-5
[ 1 . 3E+0 ] a ' b [ 1 . 3E+0 ] a
B2/ND B2/2.4E-6
[8.4E-2]
B2/2.3E-5 B2/1.7E-7
E8.1E-2]3 [6.1E-3]3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Tsuda et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1986
Delia Porta et al.,
1961; Edwards
et al. , 1942; NCI,
1976; U.S. EPA,
1984a,b, 1990/
Delia Porta et
al., 1961; Edwards
et al. , 1942;
NCI, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1984a,b,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1986/
BRL, 1968; U.S. EPA,
1986
IRDC, 1973; NCI,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990/IRDC,
1973; NCI, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1986
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
HIP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NCI, 1976; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1988, 1990/
drinking water for
104 weeks
Jorgenson et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
B-5
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUtMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Chloromethane
4-Chloro-2-methyl-
aniline
4-Chloro-2-2-methyl-
aniline hydrochloride
Chloromethyl rosthyl
ether
o-Chloronitrobenzene
p^ChloroBitrobenzene
Chlorothalonil
Chromium (VI)
Chrysene
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
24-month inhalation
study; 24-month
inhalation study
NA; 0-4000 ppm in
the diet for 18
months
NA; 9-4000 ppm in
the diet for 18
months
RA; HA
NA; 18 -month
dietary study
NA; 0-6000 ppm in
the diet for 18
months
NA; dietary study
for 27-32 months
occupational; NA
NA; HA
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
mouse mouse kidney kidney
NA mouse NA vascular
hemangiomas
and hemangio-
sarcomas
HA mouse HA vascular
hemangiomas
and hemangio-
sarcomas
human NA lung HA
NA mouse NA liver
HA mouse NA vascular
tumors
HA rat HA kidney
(also see Table A)
human NA lung NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA NA KA
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(/tg/m3)"1
[{mg/kg/day} x]
C/1.8E-6
[6.3E-3]
B2/ND
B2/HD
A/NDa
B2/ND
B2/ND
B2/ND
A/1.2E-2
[4.1E+1]3
B2/ND3
Oral
(Mg/t)
t (mg/kg/day) -1]
C/3.7I-7
[1.3E-2]"
B2/1.6E-4
[5.8E-1]0
B2/1.3E-5
[4.6E-1J
A/SDa
B2/3.5E-7
[2.5E-21
B2/5.1E-7
[1.8E-2]
B2/3.1E-I
tl.lE-2If
ND/ND0
B2/NA3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
CUT, 1981; HIOSH,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987/CIIT, 1981;
NIOSH, 1984; U.S.
EPA, 1986, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Weisburger et al. ,
1978
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Weisburger et al, ,
1978
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985;
Weisburger et al.,
1978
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1885;
Weisburger et al.,
1978
U.S. EPA, 1984/
IE0C, 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1984
Mancuso, 1975; U.S.
EPA, 1984a,b,
1990/NA
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1390
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEHICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Coal tars
Creosote
Cresol, o- , ra-
and p-
Crotonaldehyde
ODD
DDE
DDT
Decabrotnodipherxyl
oxide (Deeabromo-
diphenyl ether)
Diallate
Dibenzo[a,h]~
anthracene
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human HA lung NA
NA; NA HA NA NA ' NA
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
113-week drinking rat rat liver liver
water study;
113-week drinking
water study
NA; 250 ppra in diet NA mouse NA liver
for 130 weeks
NA; doses of 0-1,000 NA mouse, NA liver
ppffl in diet in 3 hamster
studies
NA; several dietary mouse, mouse, liver liver
studies rat rat (also see Table A)
NA; NA HA NA NA HA
(also see Table A)
NA; 19-month oral NA mouse NA liver
study
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(Mg/m3)'1
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
ND/6.2E-4
[2.2E+Q]e
Bl/NDa
C/NDa
C/5.4E-4
[1.9E+0]b
NA
B2/ND
B2/9.7E-5
[3.4E-l]a'b
C/NDa
B2/ND
B2/NDa'u
Oral
[(mg/kg/dayr1]
HD/ND
Bl/NDa
C/NDa
C/5.4E-5
[1.9E+0]
B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-l]a
B2/9.7E-6
£3.4E-l]a
B2/9.7E-6
[3.4E-lja
C/HDa
B2/1.7E-6
[6.1E-2]
B2/NDa'u
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Redmond et al . ,
1979; Mazuradar
et al. , 1975; U.S.
EPA, 1984/NA
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Chung et al . ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Tomatis et al. ,
1974; U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NCI, 1978; Tomatis
et al. , 1974; Rossi
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987, 199Q/U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1987
1990
U.S. EPA, 1983/
BEL, 1968; Innes
et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1983
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1990
B-7
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUtWARY TABLE B: CABCISOGEHICITT
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Bibromochloromethane
l,2-Dibromo-3-
chloropropane
1 , 2-Diteomoethane
(ethylene dibromide)
i , 4-Dichlorobenzene
(p-dichlorobenzene )
3,3' -Dichloro-
benzidine
1 , 4~Bichloro~2-butene
1, 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
(ethylene chloride)
1 , 1-Dichloroet.hy lene
(vinylidene chloride)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 105-week gavage
study
Inhalation study;
Studies include
gavage and skin
application
88-103 week inhala-
tion study; 49-week
gavage study
RA; 103-week gavage
study
NA; lifetime
dietary study
90-day inhalation
study; NA
NA; gavage
gavage; gavage
10 and 25 ppm for
12 months; gavage
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
Oral
NA mouse NA hepatocellular
adenomas or
carcinomas
(also see Table A)
rat, rat, lung, nasal
mouse mouse cavity, tongue,
pharynx, adrenal
cortex
rat rat nasal cavity
NA mouse NA
(also see Table
NA rat NA
rat HA nasal
passages
(also see Table
NA rat NA
(also see Table
rat rat circulatory
system
mouse rat kidney
(also see Table
forestomach,
mammary gland,
lung , skin
forestomach
liver
A)
mammary
HA
A)
hemangio-
sarcoma
A)
circulatory
system
adrenal
A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(Mg/m3)"1
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
C/NDa
B2/6.3E-3
[2.2E+1]
B2/2.2E-4
[7.6E-1]3
C/ND
B2/ND
B2/2.6E-3
[9.3E-HS]
C/NDa
B2/2.6E-5
[9,lE-2]a'b
C/5E-5
[1.2E+0]3'1
Oral
(ws/er1 ,
t (mg/kg/day) x]
C/2.4E-6
t8.4E-2]a
B2/6.3E-4
[2.2E+1]
B2/2.5E-3
[8.5E+1]3
C/6.8E-7
[2,4E-2]8
B2/1.3E-5
[4.5E-1]3
B2/KD
C/NDa
B2/2.6E-6
t9.1E-2)a
C/1.7E-5
[8E-l]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 199Q/
NIP, 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1989,
1990
SRC, 1982; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1986/SRC 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1986
HTF, 1982; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1987, 1990
Federal Register,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987/Federal
Register, 1987; NTP,
1986; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Stula et al. ,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
El Dupont de
Hemours , 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1990
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
Maltoni et al. ,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990/MTP,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1988, 1990
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B; CARCIHOGEHICITY
Update: Deeenfcer, 1990
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Compound
Dichloromethane: see
1 , 2-Biehloropropane
1 , 3 -Di ehlor opr opene
Dieldrin
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Methylene chloride
HA; gavage
2-year inhalation
bioassay; 104-week
gavage study
several dietary
studies ; several
dietary studies
Species Tumor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
HA mouse HA
(also see Table
motise rat benign lung
tumors
(also see
Table A)
mouse raouse liver
(also see Table
Site
Oral
liver
A)
f or estomaoh ,
liver, adrenal,
thyroid
liver
A)
[Slope
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/ND
B2/3.7E-5
[l.SE-l]*1
B2/4.6E-3
tl.6E+l)a'b
Factor]
Oral
tdng/kg/day)"1]
B2/1.9E-6
[6.8E-2]8
B2/5.1E-6
[1.8E-l]fc
B2/4.6E-4
[1.6E+1]3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Looiax et al., 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Davis, 1965;
Walker et al.. 1972;
Diethylstilbesterol Oral studies;
Oral studies
3,3'-Bimethoxybenzidine NA; lifetime dietary
study
rat, rat, mammary gland, mammary gland,
mouse mouse uterus, cervix uterus, cervix
2,4-Dimethylaniline
2,4-Binethylaniline
hydrochloride
NA; 18-month dietary
study with the HC1
salt
HA; 18-month dietary
study
HA
HA
HA
hamster MA
HA
forestomaeh
lung
lung
A/1.4E-1
[4.9E+2]b
B2/HD
C/HD
C/HD
A/1.4E-2
[4.9EH-2]
B2/4E-7
[1.4E-2]
C/2.1E-5
C7.5E-1J
C/1.7E-5
[5.8E-1]
Tennekes et al.,
1981; Meierhenrey
et, al., 1983; NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1990/Thorpe and
Walter, 1973; Davis,
1965; Walker et al.,
1972; Tennek«s
et al., 1981;
Heierhenrey et al.,
1983; NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987, 1990
SRC, 1983; U.S. EPA,
1986/SRC, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Sellakumar et al.,
1969; QSHA/NIOSH,
1980; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weisberger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weisberger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCIHOGENICITY
Update: December, 1990
. EPA Group/Unit Risk
Exposure Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Compound
7 , 12-Dimethy Ibenz ( a )
anthracene
3,3' -Dimethylbenzidine
1, 1-Dimethylhydrazine
1 , 2-Dimethylhydrazine
Dimethyl sulfate
2 , 4-Dinitrotoluene
2 , 6-Dinitrotoluene
1,4-Dioxane
1 , 2-Diphenylhydrazine
Direct Black 38
Direct Blue 6
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(/ig/m3)"1
[(mg/kg/day) -1]
Data Inadequate for Risk Assessment"
NA; 30-day gavage NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
study
NA; lifetime NA mouse NA vascular system C/ND
drinking water study
NA; 73-week drinking NA mouse NA vascular system Bl/ND
water study
NA; NA NA NA NA NA B2/NDa
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat NA liver, mammary B2/NDa
study gland
(also see Table A)
NA; NA NA NA NA NA B2/ND3
(also see Table A)
NA; 0-530 mg/kg/day NA rat NA nasal cavity, B2/ND
for 110 weeks liver
2-year dietary study; rat rat liver liver B2/2.2E-4
2-year dietary study [8.0E-l]a'b
NA; 190-1500 ppm in NA rat NA liver A/ND
diet for 93 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm in NA rat NA liver A/ND
diet for 91 days
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/2.6E-4
[9.2E+0]
C/2.5E-4
[8.7E+0]S
B1/4.0E-2
[1.4E+3JS
B2/ND3
B2/1.9E-5
[6.8E-l]a'n
B2/1.9E-5
[6.8E-l]a'n
B2/3.1E-7
[1.1E-2]3
B2/2.2E-5
[8.0E-1]3
A/2.4E-4
[8.7E+0]8
A/2.3E-4
[8.7E+0]6
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Griswold et al. ,
1968; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth,
1972, 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth
and Wilson, 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/Ellis et al. ,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U..S. EPA,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1990/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1987, 1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1987
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CAHCIHQGEHICJEf
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Direct Brown 95
Direct Sky Blue 6B
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl aery late
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Folpet
Formaldehyde
Furazolidone
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 190-1500 ppm in
diet for 91 days
NA; NA
inhalation exposure
for 30 days , observed
for lifespan; 81-week
drinking water study
NA; 104-week acrylate
study
(see 1 ,2~Dibromoethane)
2-year inhalation
study; NA
KA; 5-500 ppm in diet
for 2 years
NA; 112-113-week
dietary study
24-month inhalation
study; SA
NA; 45-week dietary
study
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation OraL Inhalation
(MS/m3)"1
[(mg/kg/day) -1]
NA rat KA liver A/SO
NA NA NA NA B2/ND
rat rat respiratory forestomach B2/1.2E-6
tract [4.2E-3]3
(also see Table A)
NA rat NA forestomach B2/ND
rat HA blood cells, NA B1/1E-4
brain [3.5E-1]8
NA rat HA thyroid B2/ND
(also see Table A)
NA mouse NA digestive tract B2/ND
(also see Table A)
rat rodent nasal cavity nasal cavity B1/1.3E-5
{4.5E-2J3
NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
A/2.6E-4
[9.3E+0]8
B2/ND
B2/2 . 8E-7
[9.9E-3]3
B2/1.4E-6
t4.8E-2]8
ND
B2/1E-6
[3.6E-2J5
B2/1E-7
[3.5E-333
B1/8.6E-7
[3.0E-2]
B2/1E-4
[3.8E+0]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Laskin et al. , 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990/Komishi
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA,
1987
Snellings et al, ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985/U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Graham et al., 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Company, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984, 1990
Kerns et al. , 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1988a,b
U.S. EPA, 1987/
0.S. 0HEW, 1976a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1987
B-ll
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHMASY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICIT?
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Furium
Glycidaldehyde
Heptachlor
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 28-week dietary
study
NA; 70-week study
(gastric intubation)
dietary studies;
dietary studies
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA mouse HA leukemia
NA rat NA NA
(also see Table A)
mouse mouse liver liver
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/ND
B2/ND
B2/1.3E-3
f4.5E+0]a'b
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/7.1E-4
[5.QE-H]
B2/ND
B2/1.3E-4
[4.5E+0]3
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Cohen et al. , 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
Davis, 1965;
Epstein, 1976; HCI,
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
0-10 ppm in diet for 2 mouse
years ; 0-10 ppra in
diet for 2 years
liver
liver
diet; diet
diet; diet
hamster hamster liver liver
(also see Table A)
rat rat kidney kidney
(also see Table A)
Hexachlorocyclohexane- NA; 24-week dietary NA
alpha study
mouse NA
liver
B2/2.6E-3
[9.1E+0]a'b
B2/4.6E-4
[1.6E+0]°'f
C/2.2E-5
[7.8E-2]a'b
B2/1.8E-3
[6.3E«]a'b
B2/2.6E-4
[9.1E+0]3
B2/4.6E-'
C1.6E-H3]1
C/2.2E-6
[7.8E-2]a
B2/1.8E-4
[6.3E+0]3
1977; Keuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/Davis, 1965;
Epstein, 1976; HCI,
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1986
1987, 1990
Davis, 1965;
Velsicol Chemical
Corp., 1973; U.S.
EPA, 1990/Davis,
1965; Velsicol
Chemical Corp.,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1990
Cabral et al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/Cabral et al.,
1977; O.S. EPA,
1984, 1985, 1990
Kociba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1990/Kociba et al.,
et al., 1977;
U.S. EPA,1980,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/Ito
et al., 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987, 1990
B-12
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CABCIHOGEHICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
beta
Hexachlorocyc lohexane-
gamma (Lindane)
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
technical
Hexaehloroethane
Hydrazine/hydrazine
sulfate
Indeno[l,2,3-c,d]
pyrene
Isophorone
Lead
Linuron
2-Methoxy- 5-nitro-
aniline
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 110-week dietary NA mouse
study
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; 6- to 20-month HA mouse
dietary study
80-week gavage study; mouse mouse
90-week gavage study
hydrazine vapor rat mouse
inhalation for 1 year;
25-week exposure by
gavage to hydrazine
sulfate
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 2-year gavage HA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 0.4%, 0.8% in NA rat
diet for 104 weeks
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
NA liver
(also see Table A)
HA liver
liver liver
(also see Table A)
nasal cavity liver
NA NA
HA kidney,
preputial gland
(also see Table A)
HA NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA skin
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(Mg/mV1 ^
[(mg/kg/day) A]
C/5.3E-4
[1.8E+Q]a'b
B2-C/HD
B2/5.1E-4
[1.8E+0]a'b
C/4.0E-6
[1.4E-2]a'b
B2/4.9E-3
[17.1E+0]3
B2/NDa'u
C/HDf
B2/NDa
C/NDa
B2/HD
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
C/5.3E-5
[l,8E-H)]a
B2-C/3.7E-5
[1.3E+038
B2/5.1E-5
[ 1 . 8E+0 ] a
C/4.0E-7
[1.4E-2]a
B2/8.5E-5
[3.0E+0]a
B2/NDa'u
C/1.2E-7
[4.1E-3]3
B2/NDa
C/NDa
B2/1.3E-6
[4.6E-2]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 198V
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Munir et al. , 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987, 1990
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1987, 1989,
1990
MacEwen et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990a,b/
Bianciflori, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990a,b
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/KCI,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEHICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
2-Methylaniline
2-Methylaniline
hydrochloride
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-methylaniline- NA rat NA skin
hydrochloride in
diet for 93 weeks
NA; 93-week dietary NA rat NA skin
study
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1] [ (mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/ND B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-1]
B2/ND B2/6.0E-6
[1.8E-1]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Hecht et al. , 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 19877
Hecht et al. , 1982;
Methyl chloride (see Chloromethane)
3-MethyIcho1-anthrac ene
4,4-Methylenebis
benzelamine
4,4'-Methylene-bis
(2-chloroaniline)
NA; 2-year drinking
water
NA; 2-year diet study
4,4'-Methylene bis NA; in diet for
(N,N'-dimethylaniline) 59 weeks
Methylene chloride
(dichloromethane)
Methylhydrazine
inhalation study;
inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; lifetime
oral study
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline NA; in diet for
98 weeks
Mirex
NA; 2-year dietary
study
NA
NA
NA
Data Inadequate for Risk Assessment12
rat NA liver
rat NA lung
(also see Table A)
rat
NA
thyroid
mouse lung, liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA hamster NA
NA
NA
mouse NA
liver
liver
rat NA liver,
adrenal
(also see Table A)
U.S. EPA, 1987
ND
B2/3.7E-5
[1.3E-1]
B2a/ND
B2/4.7E-7a'v
NA/ND
C/ND
B2/ND
ND/7.1E-6
[2.5E-1]
B2/3.7E-6
[1.3E-1]
B2a/1.3E-6
[4.6E-2]3
B2/2.1E-7
[7.5E-3]3
NA/3.1E-5
[1.1E+0]
C/9.4E-7
[3.3E-2]
B2/5.1E-5
[1.8E+0]
NA/NTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Kammineni et al.,
1979; Stula et al. ,
1975; U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990/NTP,
1986; NCA, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth
and Shimizu, 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1987/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987
3-14
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SDMMARX TABLE B: C&ECIHOGEHICITir
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Niagara Blue 4B
Nickel
Nitrofurazone
2-Nitropropane
K-Hitroso-di-n-butyl-
amine
N-Nitrosodiethanol-
atnine
N-Hitrosodiethyl-
araine
N~Nitrosodimethyl-
amine
Exposure Species Tumor Sit©
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; HA HA NA NA HA
occupational; NA human NA respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
NA; 46-week dietary NA rat HA mammary
study
22 -month inhalation rat, rat, liver liver
study; 22-month rabbit
inhalation study
drinking water for mouse mouse bladder bladder
life; drinking esophagus esophagus
water for life
NA; 28 or 64 ppm in NA rat NA liver
drinking water for
100 weeks
drinking water rat rat liver liver
6 or 12 months ;
drinking water
for 6 or 12 months
drinking water; rat rat liver liver
drinking water;
EPA Group/Unit Risk
ISlope Factor]
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/HD
nickel
refinery dust:
A/2.4E-4 [8.4E-l]a
nickel subsulfide:
A/4.8E-4 fl.7E+0]a
B2/ND
B2/2.7E-3
(9.4E+OJS
B2/1.6E-3
I5.4E+0]a'b
B2a/ND
B2/4.3E-2
[1.5E+2]a'b
B2/1.4E-2
[5.1E-t-l]a>b
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/HD
ND/NDe
B2/4.3E-5
[1.5E+0]
B2/2.7E-4
I9.5E+OJS
B2/1.6E-4
[5.4E-H3]3
B2/8.0E-5
[2.8E-H3]3
B2/4.3E-3
[1.5E+2]a
B2/1.4E-3
[5.1E+1]3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Chovil et al. ,
1981; Enterline and
Marsh, 1982; Magnus
et al. , 1982; Peto
et al. , 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Erturk et al. ,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987
Lewis et al. , 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1986
Bertram and Craig,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990/Bertram
and Craig, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/Lijinsky and
Kovatch, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1988, 1990
Peto et al. , 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/PetQ et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
Peto et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990/Peto et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
B-15
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS StMWRY TABLE B: CAKCINOGENICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
N-Nitrosodiphenyl-
amine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propyl-
amine
N-Nitroso-n-methyl-
ethylamine
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 700-day dietary
study
NA; lifetime
drinking water
NA; in drinking
water for lifetime
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1] [(mg/kg/day)"1]
NA rat NA urinary bladder B2/ND3 B2/1.4E-7
[4.9E-3]a
NA rat NA liver B2a/ND B2/2.0E-4
[7.0E+0]3
NA rat NA liver B2a/ND B2/6.3E-4
[2.2E+1]3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987 /
Peto et al. , 1984;
NCI, 1979; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1986a,b, 1987,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/Druckrey, 1967;
Druckrey et al. ,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/Druckrey
N-Nitrosomethylvinyl-
amine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Parathion
NA; NA
0-3 mg/kg/day in
drinking water ;
0-3 mg/kg/day in
drinking water
NA; NA
NA
NA
rat rat
NA
liver
NA
liver
PCBs (see Polychlorinated biphenyls)
1,2,3,4,5-Penta-
brotno-6-chloro-cyclo-
hexane
Pentachloronitro-
benzene
Pentachlorophenol
NA; 0-70 mg/kg/day
in the diet for
2 years
NA; 72-week oral
study
NA; two 2-year
dietary studies with
technical grade and
Dowicide EC-7
NA
NA
NA
NA NA
(also see Table A)
B2/ND
B2/6.1E-4
[2.1E+0]3'
C/NDa
rat NA
large intestine C/ND
NA mouse NA liver
(also see Table A)
C/ND
NA mouse NA liver, adrenal, B2/ND
circulatory system
(also see Table A)
B2/ND
B2/6.1E-5
[2.1E+0]3
C/NDa
C/6.6E-7
t2.3E-2]1
C/7.4E-6
[2.6E-1]8
B2/3E-6
et al. , 1967;
Druckrey, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986
Preussman et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1990/Preussman
et al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Blair, 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Innes et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NTP, 1989; U.S. EPA,
1990
B-16
-------
EFFECTS B: CABCIBOGENICITC
Update: December, 1990
Compound
o™Phenylenediamin©
2-Phenylphenol
Polybrominated
biphenyls
Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Propylerse oxide
Quinoline
RDX (Cyclonite)
Selenitsm sulfide
Simazine
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; o~phenyletiediamine NA rat
dihydrochloride in
diet for 548 days
NA; 2-phenylphenol NA rat
sodium salt in diet for
637 days
NA; Firemaster FF-1 NA rat
by gavage for 25
weeks followed by
23-month observation
NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat
in diet
2-year inhalation mouse rat
study; 150-week
gavage study
NA; 20-40-week NA rat
dietary study
NA; 2-year diet HA mouse
study
SA; 2-year oral SA rat,
study mouse
HA; HA HA NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Sits [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(MS/1*1 )
[(nig/kg/day r1]
HA liver B2/HD
NA urinary bladder C/ND
NA hepatocellular B2/ND
carcinoma and
neoplastio
nodules
(also see Table A)
NA liver B2/ND
nasal cavity forestomach B2/3.7E-6a'v
NA liver C/ND
HA liver hepato- C/ND
cellular
carcinomas and
adenomas
(also see Table A)
HA liver, lung B2/HDf
HA HA C/HDf
(also see Table A)
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1!
B2/1.3E-6
[4.7E-2]
C/5/5E-8
[1.9E-31
B2/2.5E-4
f8.9E+0]
B2/2.2E-4
[7.7E+0]a
B2/6.8E-6
[2.4E-l]a
C/3.5E-4
[1.2E-H]
C/3.1E-6
El. l£-l]a
B2/HDf
C/3.4E-6
[1.2E-1]1
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985;
Heisburger et al.,
1978
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Hiraga and Fujii,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984
U.S. EPA, 1989/
HTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990/Horback and
Weltman, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987, 1990
NTP, 1985; Renne
efc al . , 1986 ; U.S.
EPA, 1985, 1990/
Dunkelberg, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Birao et al. , 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990/Lish et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
BCI/NTP, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1988/U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
B-17
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Sodium diethyldithio-
carbamate
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; diet NA mouse
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(^g/m3)"1
[(mg/kg/day) 1]
NA hepatoma C/ND
(also see Table A)
Oral
c/ig/tr1
[(mg/kg/day) l]
C/7.7E-6
[2.7E-1]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
BRL, 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1988
Stirophos (see Tetrachlorvinphos)
Styrene
2,3,7,8-TCDD
1,1,1, 2-Tetr achloro-
ethane
1,1,2, 2-Tefcrachloro-
ethane
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
p, ce, ce.a-Tetrachloro-
toluene
Tetrachlorvinphos
C stirophos )
20-month inhalation rat mouse
study; gavage study
diet; diet rat rat
0-500 mg/kg/day in corn mouse mouse
oil by gavage 5 days/
week for 103 weeks6;
0-500 mg/kg/day in corn
corn oil by gavage 5
days/week for 103 weeks
gavage; gavage mouse mouse
inhalation; gavage rat, mouse
mouse
gavage study; mouse mouse
gavage study
NA; 560-day dietary NA mouse
study
leukemia lung and bronchi B2/5.7E-7
(also see Table A) [2.0E-3]S
several several B2J/3.3E-55
Cpg/m3}"?;
[1.5E+5]13'11
liver liver C/7.AE-6
[2.6E-2]a'b
liver liver C/5.8E-5
[2.0E-l]a'b
leukemia, liver liver B2/5.2E-7r
(also see Table A)
lung lung B2
NA liver C/ND
(also see Table A)
B2/8.6E-7
[3.0E-2]S
B2J/4.5E+0
[1.5E+5]f
C/7.4E-7
[2.6E-2]3
C/5.8E-6
[2.0E-l]a
B2/1.5E-6
[5.1E-2]r
B2/5.7E-4
[2.0E+1]
C/6.9E-7
[2.4E-2]
Jersey et al. , 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990/NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1989, 1990
Kociba et al. ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984/Kociba et al..
1978; U.S. EPA, 1984
1985a,b
NTP, 1983; U.S. EPA,
1990/NTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1990/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1990
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA
1986, 1988/NCI,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1988
Fukada et al. , 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Fukada et al. , 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1984
B-18
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CAHCINOGEHICITY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
2, 4-Toluenediaxoine
o-Toluidine
p-Toluidine
Toxaphene
2, 4 ,6~Trichloroaniline
2, 4 ,6-Trichloroaniline
hydrochloride
1,1, 2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
2,4, 6-Tr ichlorophenol
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; in the diet for NA rat
103 weeks
NA; 511-day dietary HA rat
study with HC1 salt
NA; 6-12 month dietary NA mouse
study with the HC1 salt
735-day dietary study; mouse mouse
735-day dietary study
NA; diet, HC1 salt NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
gavage; gavage mouse mouse
two inhalation studies; mouse mouse
two gavage studies
diet; diet mouse mouse
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
C Crag /kg/day)"1]
NA mammary gland B2/ND
NA skin fibroma B2/ND
NA liver C/ND
liver liver B2/3.2E-4
U.lE-H)]a'b
NA unspecified C/ND
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified C/ND
tumors of the
vascular system
liver liver C/1.6E-5
(also see Table A) [5.7£-2]a'b
lung liver B2/1.7E-6
[1.7E-2]11-1
liver liver B2/3 . 1E-6
[1.1E-2]3
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)"1]
B2/9.1E-5
[3.2E+0]
B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-1]
C/2.6E-5
[1.9E-1]
B2/3.2E-5
[1.1E+013
C/l.OE-6
[3.4E-2]
C/8.2E-7
C2.9E-2]
C/1.6E-6
[5.7E-2]3
B2/3.2E-7
B2/3.1E-7
[1.1E-2]8
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI, 1979;
D.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Hecht et al. ,
1982; D.S. EPA,
1984
U.S. EPA, 1934/
Weisburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1984
Litton Bionetics,
Inc., 1978; U.S.
EPA, 1990/Litton
Bionetios, Inc. ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weisburger et al. ,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weisburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1990/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1984, 1990
Maltoni et al. ,
1986; Fukuda et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988/HCI, 1976; NIP,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987, 1988
NCI, 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1980, 1987,
1990/NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1984, 1987, 1990
B-19
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SB»«RY TABLE B: CARCTHOGENICIXY
Update: December, 1990
Compound
Trifluralin
Triraethyl phosphate
2,4, 6-Tr initroluene
Vinyl bromide
(see bromoethene)
Vinyl chloride
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Exposure Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(MS/ra ) (#g/£)
[(mg/kg/day) -1] [(mg/kg/day) -1]
NA; in the diet for NA rat HA kidney, bladder C/ND C/2.2E-7
2 years and thyroid [7.7E-3]3
(also see Table A)
NA; 10-week gavage NA mouse NA uterus B2/ND B2/1.1E-6
study [3.7E-2]
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat NA urinary bladder C/ND C/9.0E-7
study (also see Table A) E3.0E-2]3
1-year inhalation rat rat liver lung A/8.4E-5f A/5.4E-5
study; 10-50 ppm fl.9E+0]f
diet
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Emmerson et al. ,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
HCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1990a, b/
U.S. 00D, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990a,b
Maltoni et al. ,
1980, 1981; U.S.
EPA, 1985b; ATSDR,
1988/Feron et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985a
aVerified, available on IRIS
Based on route-to-route extrapolation
cThere is inadequate evidence for earcinogenieity of this compound by the oral route.
Incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
Verified; Workgroup concurrence on final data file and IRIS input pending
^Under review by CRAVE Workgroup
Values removed from IRIS pending further review; new verified values are pending input into IRIS.
xBased on metabolized dose
^B2 classification is for 2,3,7,8-TCDD alone. Mixtures consisting of phenoicy herbicides and/or chlorophenols with 2,3,7,8-TCDD as a contaminant are classified as
Bl carcinogens.
A unit risk of 5E-5
^ has been proposed by the Risk Assessment Forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review.
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CAECIHOGEHICITY
Opdate: September, 1990
Slope factor is for internal dose; ambient concentration was calculated by assuming an absorption factor of 54X.
^The slope factor, while still available on IRIS, is being reconsidered by the CRAVE Workgroup.
nThis value applies to the mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene isorners
°Based on results with 4-chloro-2-methylaniline hydrochloride
PAn absorption factor of 30% is used to calculate the unit risk from the slope factor.
^Based on results with the alpha isomer
rCRAVE-EPA group verified, pending input into IRIS. Quantitative estimates were not calculated by the CRAVE Workgroup.
sAn absorption factor of 75% is used to calculate the unit risk from the slope factor
^CRAVE-EPA group verified and available on IRIS; quantitative estimates, derived more recently than IRIS evaluation, have not been verified.
"dFor RCRA activities only, contact Steve Kroner of the Office of Solid Waste (FTS 382-5219 or (202)382-5219) for RCRA-approved numeric assessment for this compound
VO.S. EPA (1990) only verified a unit risk for inhalation exposure.
WCRAV1-EPA group verified and available on IRIS; quantitative estimates, derived in a HEA document (D.S. EPA, 1984), have not been verified.
NA = Not applicable; HD — not determined
B-21
-------
USIR'S GUIDES RJU5XONUCLIDE G&RCINOGSNICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Table C summarizes the
cancer slope factors and unit risk values for selected
radionuclides of potential concern at Superfund sites contaminated
with radioactive materials. These values were calculated by the
Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and are intended for use by EPA
risk assessors during human health risk assessments conducted as
part of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) process, HEAST users should apply these values as
specified by the radiation risk assessment guidance provided in
this section and in Chapter 10 .of the Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund; Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A
(EPA/540/1-89/002), which is available from the Center for
Environmental Research Information at (513) 569-7562. As risk
assessment methodologies are refined, slope factors and unit risk
values will be revised and updated in Table C.
EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A carcinogens based
on their property of emitting ionizing radiation and on the
extensive weight of evidence provided by epidemiological studies of
radiation-induced cancers in humans. Data derived from both human
studies and animal experiments are used by EPA to construct
mathematical models of exposure, dose, and risk to estimate
radionuclide slope factor values. These models consider pathways
of exposure, the distinct metabolic behavior of each element by
compound and the radiological characteristics of each nuclide of
C-l
-------
concern, the time and duration of exposure, the radiosensitivity of
each target, organ in the body, the latency period for cancer
expression in these organs, and the age and sex of individuals in
the exposed population.
Similar to chemical risk models, radiation models extrapolate
cancer risks at low dose and dose rate exposures from risks
observed at higher doses using non-threshold, linear dose-response
relationships. Because of the radiation risk models employed,
slope factors for radionuclides are characterized as best estimates
(i.e., maximum likelihood estimates) of the age-averaged lifetime
total excess cancer risk per unit intake or exposure. HEAST users
should consult Volume I of the Background Information Document for
the Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed NESHAPs for
Radionuclides (EPA 520/1-89-005) for a more detailed discussion of
EPA's current radiation risk assessment methodology.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table C* include
the following;
slope factor = risk per unit intake or exposure = risk per
pCi inhaled or ingested or as risk per year per pCi/m2 due to
external exposure.
Slope factors and risk estimates are reported in Table C in units
of activity| both in the customary units of picocuries (l pCi =
10"12 curies (Ci) = 3,7xlO"2 nuclear transformations per second) for
consistency with the system used for radionuclides in the IRIS
database, in International System (SI) units of becquerels
(1 Bq = 1 nuclear transformation per second? approximately 27 pCi) .
Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in
either customary units or SI units with equivalent results,
provided that they also use air, water and soil concentration
values in the system units. For simplicity, examples
presented in text are shown in picocuries only.
C-2
-------
pathway~specific unit risk = risk per unit concentration in
air, drinking water or soil (external exposure) = risk per
pCi/m3 (air), risk per pCi/L (water), risk per pCi/g (external
exposure), or risk pCi/g (soil ingestion).
Unit risk estimates for air, drinking water, and soil
ingestion pathways provided in Table C were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate inhalation and ingestion slope factors
by the inhalation rate (20 m3/day) , the water consumption rate
(2 L/day) , or the soil ingestion rate*, respectively, and by
multiplying all values by the total number of days in 70 years
(i.e., by the lifetime exposure = 365 days/yr x 70 yrs = 25,550
days). Hence,
risk per pCi/m3 (air) = slope factor (risk per pCi
inhaled) x 20 m3/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/L (water) = slope factor (risk per pCi
ingested) x 2 L/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/g (soil) = slope factor (risk per pCi
(soil ingestion) ingested) x [(0.2 g/day
x 1,825 days) 4- (0.1 g/day
x 23,360 days)]
The designations "D", "W", and "Y" presented under the heading
"ICRP Lung Class" in Table C refer to the lung clearance times for
Soil ingestion rates of 0.2 gram per day for children aged 1 year
through 6 years and 0.1 gram per day for older age groups were
taken from EPA's Interim Final Guidance for Soil Ingestion Rates
(OSWER Directive 9850.4; January 27, 1989), available from the
Office of Waste Enforcement Programs at (202) 382-4814,
Accordingly, for lifetime exposures, an individual would be
expected to consume 365 grams of soil starting at age 1 to age 6
(i.e., 0.2 g/day x 365 days/year x 5 years), plus 2,336 grams after
age 6 to age 70 (i.e., 0.1 g/day x 365 days x 64 years) for a total
of approximately 2,700 grams.
C-3
-------
inhaled particulate radionuelid.es expressed as days (D) , weeks (W) ,
or years (Y) , as recommended by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP). Gaseous radionuclides, e.g.,
Rn-222, are assigned to class "g". "GI Absorption Factors, f^1 are
the fractional amounts of each radionuclide that may be absorbed
from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into blood following an oral
intake. The ICRP lung clearance rates and GI absorption factors
provided in Table C are default values used by the EPA to calculate
radionuclide slope factors for inhalation and ingestion exposures,
respectively. Application of values other than those specified in
Table C will result in slope factors and unit risk estimates
different from those provided in the table. At this time, EPA
recommends that risk assessors should not replace or substitute for
the default values listed.
Values listed in Table C for external exposure are best
estimates of the lifetime cancer risk due to the irradiation of an
individual exposed to gamma-emitting radionuclides uniformly mixed
in soil. Unit risk estimates for this pathway were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate ground surface slope factors by the
effective surface density of soil (i.e., 143 kg/m2 = 0.10 m (soil
depth) x 1.43xl03 kg/m3 (soil density)), and by multiplying all
values by 70 years (i.e., by the lifetime exposure). Hence,
risk per pCi/g (soil) = slope factor (risk per year
per pCi/m2) x 143 kg/m2
x 103 (g/kg) x 70 years
C-4
-------
External exposure factors do not include contributions from
decay products, i.e., any radionuclides formed during radioactive
decay. In some cases, these contributions can be substantial and
should be factored into the risk calculations. For example, to
estimate the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to continuous,
lifetime external exposure to soil contaminated with Cs-137 at a
level of 1 pCi/g, risk values must be calculated for Cs-137 and
Ba-137m in equilibrium concentrations of 1 pCi/g each (assuming
a uniformly mixed source in soil and using the values listed under
"External Exposure" in Table C as follows?
Total risk = Risk from Cs-137 + Risk from Ba-137m
= (pCi/g Cs-137 x Risk per pCi/g Cs-137}
+ (pCi/g Ba-137m x Risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
= (1 pCi/g x O.OE+00 risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (1 pCi/g x 3.4E-04 risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
= 3.4 x 10"4 total lifetime excess cancer risk
This calculation must be performed in this manner because the
external exposure risk from Cs-137 is due to the photon radiation
emitted by Ba-137m, its immediate short-lived decay product. In
the same manner, the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to
continuous external exposure 'to soil contaminated with Ra-226 and
progeny (assuming secular equilibrium) should be calculated as the
summation of the risks contributed by Ra-226 and each decay product
that emits photon radiation, such as Pb-214 and Bi-214.
C-5
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table C, the specified level of risk is
divided by the unit risk for air. Hence, the air concentration (in
pCi/m3) corresponding to a best estimate of the increased lifetime
cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as follows:
IxlO"5
pCi/m3 in air =
unit risk in (pCi/m3) "1
Similarly, to estimate risk-specific concentrations in water
and in soil (ingestion exposure), the specified level of risk is
divided by the unit risk for drinking water or soil ingestion.
Hence, the water concentration (in pCi/L) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is
calculated as follows:
IxlO"5
pCi/L in water =
unit risk in (pCi/L)"1
and the soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is
calculated as follows:
pCi/g in soil IxlO"5
(ingestion exposure) -
unit risk in (pCi/g) "1
(soil ingestion)
c-6
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in soil from the unit
risk from external exposure as presented in Table C, the specified
level of risk is divided by the unit risk for soil. Hence, the
soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best estimate of
the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as
followsi
pCi/g in soil IxlO"5
(external exposure) = ;
unit risk in (pCi/g)"1
(external exposure)
C-7
-------
C; in CpCil )
- I f i c
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Nuclide
Ac- 225
Ac-227
Ac-228
Am- 241
Am- 243
At-217
Ba-137(n
Bi-210
Bi-211
Bi-212
Bi-213
Bi-214
C-14
Ce-144
On- 243
Cm- 244
1CRP
Lung
Class
Y
¥
1
U
U
0
D
W
y
u
y
y
9
¥
W
W
GI
Absorption
Factor (f,,)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
9.5E-01
3.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
Inhalation
CpCi)"1
2.4E-09
8.3E-08
2.6E-11
4.0E-08
4.0E-08
5.6E-17
6.0E-16
8.1E-11
1.9E-13
6.9E-12
3.2E-13
2.2E-12
6.4E-15
3.4E-1Q
3. IE-OS
2.7E-08
Ingest I on
CpCi)"
1.7E-11
3.5E-10
5.1E-13
3.1E-10
3.0E-10
4.5E-18
2.4E-15 .
1.9E-12
1.2E-14
3.6E-13
2.3E-13
1.4E-13
9.1E-13
6.1E-12
2.3E-10
2.0E-10
Ground
Surface _ ,
Cyr/(pCi7ifr))~'
9.4E-13
1.3E-14
5.1E-11
1.6E-12
3.6E-12
1.4E-14
3.4E-11
O.OE+00
2.8E-12
1.0E-11
8.1E-12
8.0E-11
O.QE+00
1.2E-12
8.2E-12
5.8E-14
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Air
CpCi/mV
1.2E-03
4.2E-02
1.3E-05
2.1E-02
2.IE-02
2.9E-11
3.0E-10
4.1E-05
9.7E-08
3.5E-06
1.6E-07
1.1E-06
3.2E-09
1.7E-04
1.6E-02
1.4E-02
Drinking
yater
(pCi/i)"1
8.7E-07
1.8E-05
2.6E-08
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
2.3E-13
1.2E-10
9.7E-08
6.1E-10
1.8E-08
1.2E-08
F.2E-09
4.7E-08
3.0E-07
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
External
Exposure,
CpCi/9)"'
9.4E-06
1.3E-07
5.1E-04
1.6E-05
3.6E-05
1.4E-0?
3.4E-04
O.OE^OO
2.8E-05
1.0E-04
8. IE-OS
8.0E-04
O.OE-s-00
1.2E-05
8.2E-05
5.9E-07
Soil
Ingest ioo
(pCi/g)
4.6E-08
9.5E-07
1.4E-09
8.4E-07
8.1E-07
1.2E-14
6.5E-12
5.1E-09
3.2E-11
9.7E-10
6.2E-10
3.8E-10
2.5E-09
1.6E-08
6.2E-07
5.4E-07
Co-60
3.0E-01
I.6E-10
1.5E-11
1.3E-10
8.1E-05
7.8E-07
1.3E-03
4.1E-08
-------
C; in }
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Nuclide
Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Eu-152
Eu-154
Fe-59
Fr-221
H-3
1-125
1-129
1-131
1-133
K-40
Hn-54
Mo-99
ICRP
Lung
Class
Y
D
D
D
U
y
w
D
i
D
D
D
D
D
y
Y
***
GI
Absorpt i on
Factor
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SWWARY TABLE C: RMJIQUUCLIDE CARCIHQGEHICITY (Expressed in picocyries CpCi> )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit iisk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuctide
Nb-94
Ni-59
Ni-63
Ni-65
Np-237
Np-239
P-32
Pa- 231
Pa-233
Pa- 234
Pa -234m
Pb-209
Pb-210
Pb-211
Pb-212
Pb-214
Po-210
Po-212
Po-213
Po-214
Po-215
Po-218
ICRP
Lung
Class
Y
U
W
W
u
w
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
D
0
D
D
y
V
u
w
w
y
***
G!
Absorption
Factor (fj>
1.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
1. OE-03
1. OE-03
8.0E-01
1. OE-03
1 .OE-03
1. OE-03
1. OE-03
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
Inhalation
(pCi)
2.1E-10
6.9E-13
1.7E-12
1.9E-13
3.6E-08
1.5E-12
3.0E-12
4.0E-08
8.7E-12
5.4E-13
1.6E-15
7.0E-14
1.7E-09
2.9E-12
4.7E-11
2.9E-12
2.7E-09
6.1E-22
8.0E-21
2.8E-19
5.7E-18
5.8E-13
Ingest ion
{pCi}"1
2.1E-12
8.7E-14
2.3E-13
2.6E-13
2.7E-10
9.3E-13
3.5E-12
1.9E-10
1.0E-12
6.8E-13
5.8E-15
8.5E-14
6.5E-10
1.8E-13
7.2E-12
1.8E-13
2.6E-10
2.2E-23
3.2E-22
1.0E-20
2.8E-19
2.8E-14
Ground
Surface
Cyr/CpCi/nT})*1
8.9E-11
3.4E-14
O.OE+00
2.8E-11
1.8E-12
1.1E-11
O.OE+00
2.0E-12
1.3E-11
1.1E-10
6.4E-13
O.OE+00
1.8E-13
2.9E-12
9.2E-12
1.5E-11
4.8E-16
O.OE+00
1.7E-15
4.7E-15
8.7E-15
O.OE+00
(pCi/mV1
1.1E-04
3.5E-07
8.7E-07
9.7E-08
1.8E-02
7.7E-07
1.5E-06
2.0E-02
4.4E-06
2.8E-07
8.2E-10
3.6E-08
8.7E-04
1.5E-06
2.4E-05
1.5E-06
1.4E-06
3.1E-16
4.1E-15
1.4E-13
2.9E-12
3.0E-07
Drinking
Water ,
(pCi/L)*1
1.1E-07
4.4E-09
1.2E-08
1.3E-08
1.4E-05
4.8E-08
1.8E-07
9.7E-06
5.1E-08
3.5E-08
3.0E-10
4.3E-09
3.4E-05
9.2E-09
3.7E-07
9.2E-09
1.3E-05
1.1E-18
1.6E-17
5.1E-16
1.4E-14
1.4E-09
External
Exposure.
(pCi/g)
8.9E-04
3.4E-07
O.OE+00
2.8E-04
1.8E-05
1.1E-04
O.OE-fOO
2.0E-05
1.3E-04
1.1E-03
6.4E-06
O.OE+00
1.8E-06
2.9E-05
9.2E-05
1.5E-04
4.8E-09
O.OE+00
1.7E-08
4.7E-08
8.7E-08
O.OE+00
Soil
Ingest ion
CpCi/gf 1
5.7E-09
2.3E-10
6.2E-10
7.0E-10
7.3E-07
2.5E-09
9.5E-09
5.1E-07
2.7E-09
1.8E-09
1.6E-11
2.3E-10
1.8E-06
4.9E-10
1.9E-08
4.9E-10
7.0E-07
5.9E-20
8.6E-19
2.7E-17
7.6E-16
7.6E-11
C-10
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUHHARY TABLE C: RADIOMUCLIDE CARCIMOGENICITY (Expressed in picocuries CpCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer rfsk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-239 oxide
Pu-240
Pu-240 oxide
Pu-241
Pu-242
Pu-242 oxide
Ra-223
Ra-224
8a-225
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-219 (only)
Rn-220 (only)
Rn-222 (only)
Rn-222+progeny
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
**
ICRP
Lung
Class
¥
Y
r
Y
Y
r
r
Y
y
u
y
u
y
g
9
3
3
r
D
D
D
***
GI
Absorption
Factor
-------
TABLE C; KffllOftttLIDE (Expressed In pteoeuties CpCi)
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Tc-99
Tc-99m
Th-227
Th-228
Th-229
Th-230
Th-231
Th-232
Th-234
Tl-207
Tl-208
Tl-209
U-233
U-234
U-235
U-238
Y-90
ICRP**
Lung
Class
U
y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0
D
0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
***
G!
Absorpt i on
Factor (f,,)
8.0E-01
8.0E-01
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-04
Inhalation
(pCi}"1
8.3E-12
2.7E-14
4.9E-09
7.7E-08
7.7E-08
3. IE-OS
4.9E-13
3.1E-08
3.2E-11
4.5E-15
5.1E-15
4.3E-15
2.7E-08
2.7E-08
2.5E-08
2.4E-08
5.5E-12
Ingest ion
(pCi)"1
1.3E-12
5.1E-14
4.8E-12
1.5E-11
3.9E-11
2.4E-11
4.0E-13
2.2E-11
4.0E-12
1.3E-14
1.8E-14
1.4E-14
1.4E-10
1.4E-10
I.3E-10
1.3E-1Q
3.2E-32
Ground
Surface _ .
(yc/CpCi/aO)"1
3.4E-17
8.1E-12
6.6E-12
1.6E-13
5.8E-12
5.9E-14
1.1E-12
4.6E-14
5.6E-13
1.2E-13
1.7E-10
1.1E-10
3.2E-14
5.7E-14
9.6E-12
4.6E-14
O.OE+00
Air 3 -1
(pCi/ra3) !
4.2E-06
1.4E-08
2.5E-03
3.9E-02
3.9E-02
1.6E-02
2.5E-07
1.6E-02
1.6E-05
2.3E-09
2.6E-09
2.2E-09
1.4E-02
1.4E-02
1.3E-02
1.2E-02
2.8E-06
Drinking
yater
(pCi/L)"1
6.6E-08
2.6E-09
2.5E-07
7.7E-07
2.0E-06
1.2E-06
2.0E-08
1.1E-06
2.0E-07
6.6E-10
9.2E-10
7.2E-10
7.2E-06
7.2E-06
6.6E-06
6.6E-06
1.6E-07
External
Exposure,
CpCi/g)"1
3.4E-10
8.2E-05
6.6E-06
1.6E-06
5.8E-05
5.9E-07
1.1E-05
4.5E-07
5.6E-06
1.2E-06
1.7E-03
1.1E-03
3.2E-07
5.6E-07
9.7E-05
4.5E-07
O.OE+00
Soil
Ingestioo
(pCi/g)"1
3.5E-09
1.4E-10
1.3E-08
4. IE-OS
1.1E-Q7
6.5E-08
1.1E-09
5.9E-08
1.1E-08
3.5E-11
4.9E-11
3.8E-11
3.8E-07
3.8E-07
3.5E-07
3.5E-07
8.6E-09
A picocurie is a unit of activity equal to 3.7E-02 nuclear transformations per second: 1 pCi = 1.0E-12 curies (Ci) = 3.7E-02 becquerels (Bq).
Lung clearance classifications recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "D" (days), "y" (weeks), "Y" (years),
Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors, i.e. fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
"g" (gas).
C~12
-------
C: CExpressed in ieeoyerels >
Slope Factor
Pathway- Specific Unit
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Nuclide
Ac -225
Ac-227
Ac-228
Am- 241
Am- 243
At-217
Ba-137m
Bi-210
Bi-211
Bi-212
Bi-213
Bi-214
C-14
Ce-144
Cm- 243
Cm- 244
1CRP
Lung
Class
Y
y
Y
U
y
0
D
U
U
U
U
y
9
¥
y
y
Gt***
Absorption
Factor (f.j)
l.OE-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
l.OE-03
l.OE-03
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
9.5E-01
3.0E-04
l.OE-03
1.0E-03
Inhalation
~ '
2.5E-11
3.5E-13
1.4E-09
4.3E-11
9.7E-11
3.8E-13
9.2E-10
O.OE+00
7.6E-11
2.7E-10
2.2E-10
2.2E-09
O.OE+00
3.2E-11
2.2E-10
1.6E-12
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily Intake
or exposure for 70 years
CBq/m3}"1
3.3E-02
1.1E+00
3.6E-04
5.6E-01
5.6E-01
7.7E-10
8.2E-09
1.1E-03
2.6E-06
9.5E-05
4.3E-06
3.3E-05
8.7E-08
4.7E-03
4.3E-01
3.7E-01
Drinking
yater
C§q/Lf '
2.3E-05
4.9E-04
7.0E-07
4.3E-04
4.1E-04
6.2E-12
3.3E-09
2.6E-06
1.6E-08
4.9E-07
3.2E-07
1.9E-07
1.3E-06
8.2E-06
3.2E-04
2.8E-04
External
Exposure
C8q/g)
2.5E-04
3.5E-06
1.4E-02
4.3E-04
9.7E-04
3.8E-06
9.2E-03
O.OE+00
7.6E-04
2.7E-03
2.2E-03
2.2E-02
O.OE+00
3.2E-04
2.2E-03
1.6E-05
Soil
ingest ion
CBq/gf 1
1.2E-08
2.6E-05
3.7E-08
2.3E-05
Z.2E-05
3.3E-13
1.8E-10
1.4E-07
8.6E-10
2.6E-08
1.7E-08
1.0E-08
6.8E-08
4.3E-07
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
Co-60
3.0E-01
4.3E-09
4.1E-10
3.5E-09
2.2E-03
2.IE-OS
3.5E-02
1.1E-06
C-13
-------
C: in )
Slops Factor
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Nuclide
•Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Eu-152
Eu-154
Fe-59
Fr-221
H-3
1-125
1-129
1-131
1-133
K-40
Mn-54
Mo-99
ICRP
Lung
Class
Y
D
D
D
U
U
U
0
g
D
D
D
0
D
y
¥
*&*
QI
Absorption
Factor (fj>
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-02
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)"1
8.1E-12
7.6E-10
7.3E-11
5.1E-10
3.2E-07
3.8E-Q9
2.6E-10
2.5E-11
2.1E-12
4.6E-10
3.2E-09
6.5E-10
3.2E-10
2.1E-10
1.4E-10
7.0E-11
Ingest ion
(Bq)"1
1.1E-12
1.1E-09
1.1E-10
7.6E-10
5.7E-11
8.1E-11
7.6E-11
1.6E-12
1.5E-12
7.0E-10
5.1E-09
9.7E-10
5.7E-10
3.0E-10
3.0E-11
4.6E-11
(Bq/m*"/yr)"
5.1E-11
2.4E-09
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-09
1.8E-09
1.7E-09
5.1E-11
Q.QE+00
4.6E-11
4.1E-11
7.8E-10
9.5E-10
2.1E-10
1.3E-09
2.4E-10
ftge-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit dally intake
or exposure for 70 years
(Bq/mV
4.1E-06
3.9E-04
3.7E-05
2.6E-04
1.7E-01
1.9E-03
1.3E-04
1.3E-05
1.1E-06
2.3E-04
1.6E-03
3.3E-04
1.7E-04
1.1E-04
7.2E-05
3.6E-05
Drinking
yater .
C8q/L)"'
5.6E-08
5.6E-05
5.6E-06
3.9E-05
2.9E-06
4.1E-06
3.9E-06
8.1E-08
7.7E-08
3.6E-05
2.6E-04
5.0E-05
2.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-06
2.4E-06
External
Exposure
(Bq/g)"1
5.1E-04
2.4E-C2
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-02
1.SE-02
1.7E-02
5.1E-04
O.OE+00
4.4E--04
4.1E-04
7.8E-03
9.5E-03
2.1E-03
1.3E-02
2.4E-03
Soil
Ingest ion
CBq/g)"1
3.0E-09
3.0E-06
3.0E-07
2.1E-06
1.5E-07
2.2E-07
2.1E-07
4.3E-09
4.1E-09
1.9E-06
1.4E-05
2.6E-06
1.5E-06
8.1E-07
8.IE-08
1.2E-07
C-14
-------
TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE OyjCIiOGEHICITY (Expressed in Beequerels CBq) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pattaay-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Nb-94
Hi -59
Ni-63
Ni-65
Wp-237
Np-239
P-32
Pa-231
Pa-233
Pa-234
Pa -234m
Pb-209
Pb-210
Pb-211
Pb-212
Pb-214
Po-210
Po-212
Po-213
Po-214
Po-215
Po-218
**
ICRP
Lung
Class
Y
y
w
w
u
D
Y
y
Y
Y
D
D
0
D
D
U
U
U
U
W
U
***
GI
Absorpt i on
Factor (f«)
1.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
8.0E-01
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)"1
5.7E-09
1.9E-11
4.6E-11
5.1E-12
9.7E-07
4.1E-11
8.1E-11
1.1E-06
2.4E-10
1.5E-11
4.3E-14
1.9E-12
4.6E-08
7.8E-11
1.3E-09
7.8E-11
7.3E-11
1.6E-20
2.2E-19
7.6E-18
1.5E-16
1.6E-11
Ingest ion
"
5.7E-11
2.4E-12
6.2E-12
7.0E-12
7.3E-09
2.5E-11
9.5E-11
5.1E-09
2.7E-11
1.8E-11
1.6E-13
2.3E-12
1 .8E-08
4.9E-12
1.9E-10
4.9E-12
7.0E-09
5.9E-22
8.6E-21
2.7E-19
7.6E-18
7.6E-13
Ground
Surface .
(Bq/nT/yr)"1
2.4E-09
9.2E-13
O.OE*00
7.6E-10
4.9E-11
3.0E-10
Q.OE+00
5.4E-11
3.5E-10
3.0E-09
1.7E-11
O.OE+00
4.9E-12
7.8E-11
2.5E-10
4.2E-10
1.3E-14
O.OE+00
4.6E-14
1.3E-13
2.4E-13
O.OE+00
Al>3 -1
(Bq/ra3) '
2.9E-03
9.5E-06
2.3E-05
2.6E-06
5.0E-01
2.1E-05
4.1E-05
5.5E-01
1.2E-04
7.5E-06
2.2E-08
9.7E-07
2.4E-02
4.0E-05
6.5E-04
4.0E-05
3.7E-05
8.4E-15
1.1E-13
3.9E-12
7.9E-11
8.1E-06
Drinking
Water
(Bq/Lf 1
2.9E-06
1.2E-07
3.2E-07
3.6E-07
3.7E-04
1.3E-06
4.9E-06
2.6E-04
1.4E-06
9.4E-07
8.0E-09
1.2E-07
9.2E-04
2.5E-07
9.9E-06
2.5E-07
3.6E-04
3.0E-17
4.4E-16
1.4E-14
3.9E-13
2.2E-10
External
Exposure
CBq/g)"1
. 2.4E-02
9.2E-06
O.OE+00
7.6E-03
4.9E-04
3.0E-03
O.OE*00
5.4E-04
3.5E-03
3.0E-02
1.7E-04
O.OE-i-00
4.9E-05
7.8E-04
2.5E-03
4.2E-03
1.3E-07
O.OE-s-00
4.6E-Q7
1.3E-06
2.4E-06
O.OE+00
Soil
Ingest ion
(Bq/g)" '
1.5E-07
6.4E-Q9
1.7E-08
1.9E-08
2.0E-05
6.8E-08
2.6E-07
1.4E-05
7.3E-08
5.0E-08
4.2E-10
6.2E-09
4.9E-05
1.3E-08
5.3E-07
1.3E-08
1.9E-05
1.6E-18
2.3E-17
7.3E-16
2.0E-14
2.1E-09
C-15
-------
HEM.TH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SWiWUlY TABLE C: fWBIOWCLIDE OWCIUQGEilCITY (Expressed in Becxjuerels CBqJ }
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-239 oxide
Pu-240
Pu-240 oxide
Pu-241
Pu-242
Pu-242 oxide
Ra-223
Ra-224
Ra-225
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-219 (only)
Rn-220 (only)
Rn-222 (only)
Rn-222+progeny
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
Tc-99m
**
ICRP
Lung
Class
¥
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
y
w
y
y
w
3
9
9
a
Y
0
D
D
W
y
***
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f^)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
.-
--
--
--
5.0E-02
8.0E-01
3.0E-01
3.0E-01
8.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
CBq)"1
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
7.8E-09
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
8.4E-08
3.2E-08
4.3E-08
8.1E-08
1.8E-08
1.2E-12
3.2E-12
1.9E-11
3.0E-1Q
1.2E-08
5.1E-12
7.8E-11
1.5E-09
2.2E-10
7.3E-13
Ingest ion
(Bq)'1
7.6E-09
8.4E-09
8.4E-10
8.4E-09
8.4E-10
1.3E-10
8.1E-09
8.1E-10
2.2E-09
1.3E-09
1.8E-09
3.2E-09
2.7E-09
.,
--
--
2.6E-10
5.9E-12
8.1E-11
8.9E-10
3.5E-11
1.4E-12
Ground
Surface
(Bq/nr/yr)'1
1.6E-12
7.0E-13
7.0E-13
1.6E-12
1.6E-12
O.OE+00
1.3E-12
1.3E-12
2.3E-10
1.7E-11
2.2E-11
1.1E-11
1.5E-18
9.5E-11
8.1E-13
5.9E-13
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
2.1E-13
O.OE+00
9.2E-16
2.2E-10
Air
CBq/nO
5.6E-01
5.6E-01
5.6E-01
5.6E-Q1
5.6E-01
4.0E-03
5.6E-01
5.6E-01
4.3E-02
1.7E-02
2.2E-02
4.1E-02
9.2E-03
6.4E-07
1.7E-06
9.9E-06
1.5E-04
6.1E-03
2.6E-06
4.0E-05
7.7E-04
1.1E-Q4
3.7E-07
Drinking
Mater
CBq/L)'1
3.9E-04
4.3E-04
4.5E-05
4.3E-04
4.3E-05
6.6E-06
4.1E-04
4.1E-05
1.1E-Q4
6.6E-05
9.1E-05
1.6E-04
1.4E-04
.-
--
--
**
1.3E-05
3.0E-07
4.1E-06
4.5E-05
1.8E-06
7.2E-08
External
Exposure
CBq/g)"1
1.6E-05
7.0E-06
7.0E-06
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
O.OE+00
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
2.3E-03
1.7E-04
2.2E-04
1.1E-04
1.5E-11
9.5E-04
8.1E-06
6.0E-06
--
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
2.1E-06
O.OE+00
9.2E-09
2.2E-03
Soil
Ingest ion
(Sq/gf1
2.1E-05
2.3E-06
2.3E-06
2.3E-06
2.3E-06
3.5E-07
2.2E-06
2.2E-06
5.8E-06
3.5E-06
4.8E-06
8.6E-06
7.3E-06
--
--
--
--
7.0E-07
1.6E-OS
2.2E-07
2.4E-06.
9.5E-08
3.8E-09
C-16
-------
TABLE C: CARCI!QG£iICIT¥ fExpressed in Beequerels }
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Th-227
Th-228
Th-229
Th-230
Th-231
Th-232
Th-234
Tl-207
Tl-208
Tl-209
U-233
U-234
U-235
U-238
Y-90
•Kir
ICRP
Lung
Class
¥
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
r
D
D
D
¥
Y
Y
Y
Y
GI
Absorption
Factor (f^>
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-Q4
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-04
Inhalation
1.3E-07
2.1E-06
2.1E-06
8.4E-07
1.3E-11
8.4E-07
8.6E-10
1.2E-13
1.4E-13
1.2E-13
2.7E-08
7.3E-07
6.8E-07
6.5E-07
1.5E-10
Ingest ion
(Bq)"1
1.3E-10
4.1E-10
1.1E-09
6.5E-10
1.1E-11
5.9E-10
1.1E-10
3.5E-13
4.9E-13
3.8E-13
1.4E-10
3.8E-09
3.5E-09
3.5E-09
8.6E-11
Ground
Surface .
(Bq/mVyr)"1
1.8E-10
4.3E-12
1.6E-10
1.6E-12
3.0E-11
1.2E-12
1.5E-11
3.2E-12
4.6E-09
3.0E-09
3.2E-14
1.5E-12
2.6E-10
1.2E-12
O.OE+00
Air
(Bq/m >"
6.8E-02
1.1E+00
1.1E+00
4.3E-01
6.8E-06
4.3E-01
4.4E-04
6.2E-08
7.0E-08
5.9E-08
1.4E-02
3.7E-01
3.5E-01
3.3E-01
7.6E-05
Drinking
yater
{Bq/t}"1
6.6E-06
2.1E-05
5.4E-05
3.3E-05
5.5E-07
3.0E-05
5.5E-06
1.8E-08
2.5E-08
1.9E-08
7.2E-06
1.9E-04
1.8E-04
1.8E-04
4.4E-06
External
Exposure
(Bq/s)"1
1.8E-03
4.3E-05
1.6E-03
1.6E-05
3.0E-04
1.2E-05
1.5E-04
3.2E-05
4.6E-02
3.0E-02
3.2E-OF
1.5E-05
2.6E-03
1.2E-05
O.OE-MJQ
Soil
Ingest ion
(Bq/g)"1
3.5E-07
1.1E-06
2.8E-06
1.8E-06
2.9E-08
1.6E-06
2.9E-07
9.5E-10
1.3E-09
1.0E-09
3.8E-07
1.0E-05
9.5E-06
9.5E-06
2.3E-07
A Becquerel is a unit of activity equal to one nuclear transformation per second: 1 Bq = 2.7E-11 curies (Ci) = 27.027 picocuries (pCi).
Lung clearance classifications reconmended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "0" (days), "W" (weeks).
Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors, i.e., fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
"Y" (years), "g" (gas).
C-17
-------
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D-4
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D-5
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m-
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D-6
-------
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and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards,, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1986. Environmental Health
Criteria. 54. Ammonia. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Rniline
Oberst, F.W., E. Hackley and C. Comstock. 1956. Chronic toxcity
of aniline vapor (5 ppm) by inhalation. Arch. Ind. Health. 13:
379-384.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Aniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
.mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1989. Subchronic toxicity in mice with anthracene.
Final Report, Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Prepared for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Antimony
ASARCO, Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ-058Q-0342. Bio/tox
data on antimony trioxide. OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Schroeder, H.A., M. Kitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium,
nioblium, antimony and lead in rats: Life-time studies. J. Nutr.
100: 59-69.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Antimony Oxides. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Watt, W.D. 1980. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony trioxide
and validation of the TLV. Progress report -- Summary of results.
TSCA 8(e) submission 8#HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO,
Inc., New York. Microfiche No. OTS0204846.
Watt, W.D. 1981, FYI submission TY-OTS-00081-0121 regarding
pathology report on rat inhalation study on antimony trioxide.
OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
Watt, W.D. 1983. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony
trioxide: Validation of the threshold limit value. Diss. Abstr.
Int. B 1983. 44(3); 739-740.
aramite
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)isopropyl
2-chloroethyl sulfite (aramite}." II. Carcinogenicity. Toxicol.
Appl. -Pharmacol. 4j 70-88.
Popper, H., S.S. Sternberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960. The
carcinogenic effect of aramite in rats. Cancer. 13(5); 1035-1046.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Aramite. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Arsenic
Tseng, W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin
cancer and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health
Perspect. 19s 109-119.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D-8
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Ciba-Geigy Corporation. 1987. Confidential Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 40431303.
U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Profile for
Atrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,, OH.
Brenniman, G.R. and P.S. Levy. 1984. High barium levels in public
drinking water and its association with elevated blood pressure.
In: Advances in Modern toxicology IX, E.J. Calabrese, Ed.
Princeton Scientific Publications, Princeton, NJ. p. 231-249.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared
by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document Barium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, 6 shington, DC. External Review-
Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment), NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wones, R.G., B.L. Stadler and L.A. Trohman. 1990. Lack of
effectof drinking water bariumon cardiovascular risk factor.
Environ. Health Perspect. 85: 1-13.
Perry, H.M., E.F. Perry, M.N. Erlanger and S.J. Kopp. 1983.
Cardiovascular effects of chronic barium ingestion. In: Proc. 17th
Ann. Conf. Trace Substances in Environmental Health, vol. 17.
University of Missouri Press, Columbia, MO. p. 155-164.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Eli Lilly and Co. 1972. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00037678.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benefin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
_Benzal__chloride
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzal Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Benzaldehyde
Kluwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Giles and J.D. Prejeau. 1983.
Encephalopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after
subchronic oral exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxicol. 21:
245-250.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,, OH.
cyanohydrin
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Benzidine
Littlefield, N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzidine
dihydrochloride; Toxicological assessments in mice during chronic
exposure. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA» 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology).
1973. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzoic Acid and Sodium
Benzoate as Food Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6.
p. 17.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Benzoic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of benzyl alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) 'in F344/N rats
and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP Technical Report, NTP TR
343. p. 1-161.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Environmental Effects Document for
Benzyl Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Solid Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
BjerjJJLium
Schroeder, H.A. M. Mitchner, 1975. Life-time studies in rats:
Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr.
105: 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium.
Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ambrose, A.M., A.M. Booth, F. De Eds and A.J. Cos, Jr. 1960. A
toxicological study of biphenyl, a vitrous fungistat. Food Res.
25: 328-336.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,1-Biphenyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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.......... ....... (2~cl|loro-i30?ro?l] ......... etheg
Mitsumori, K. , T. Usui, K. Takahashi and Y. Shirasu. 1979.
Twenty-four month chronic toxicity studies of dichlorodiisopropyl
ether in mice. Nippon NoYaku Gakkaishi. 4(3): 323-335.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Carpenter, C.P., C.S. Weil and H.F. Smyth. 1953, Chronic oral
toxicity of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs and
dogs. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med. 8: 219-226.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis Bioassay
of Bisphenol A in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP Tech
Rep Ser. No. 80-35. NTIS PB 84-1555308. p. 192.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Reproduction and ninety-day oral toxicity study
in rats U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Fiche No. OTS0509954.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Bisphenol A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Boron
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Weir, R.J., Jr. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxicologic studies on
borax and boric acid. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(3); 351-364.
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Brontinated dibenio-B-ciioxiBS pifcienzofurans
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Dibenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromoacetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromoacetone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Brpmochloroethaiiea
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromochloroethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Bromodichloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of Bromodichloromethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1
Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Ser. No. 321, NIH Publ,
No. 87-2537.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trihalomethane (bromoform)
(CAS No. 75-25-2) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Board Draft.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Bromoform. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Danse, L.H., F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heijden. 1984.
Methyl bromide: Carcinogenic effects in the rat forestomach.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 12i 262-271.
Russo, J.M., W.K. Anger, J.V. Setzer and W.S. Brightwell. 1984.
Neurobehavioral assessment of chronic low-level methyl bromide
exposure in the rabbit. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 14:
247-255.
U.S. EPA, 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
4-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Leuschner, F. , A. Leuschner and E. Poppe. 1967. Chronischer
Reproduktionsversuch liber 3 Generationen an Wistar-Ratten bei
fortdauernder Verabreichung von Bromophos. Report C.H. Boehringer
Sohn. (Unpublished). (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1986).
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromophos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
D-14
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Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982= Confidential
Business Information? unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromoxynil. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential
Business Information? unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromoxynil Gctanoate- Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Busan-77. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Busan-90. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Butanol: Rat oral subchronic toxicity study.
Office 'of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1-Butanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-15
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Stauffer Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MIRD No. 40289101.
U.S. EPA. 1984, and Environmental Effects Profile for
Butylate. by Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria Office, Cincinnati, OH.
£# \& ^ y_^)<_m_j^*j?'*^^
NTP (National Toxicology Program) . 1985. Project No. 12307-02,
-03. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1936. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthalic
Acid Esters (PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC,
External Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Butyl Benzyl Phthlate. Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. 1988. and Environmental Effects for
Monochlorobutanes. by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessmentf Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1984. Environmental Effects Profile for
Gamma-butyrolactone. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
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Nees, P.O. 1968. Report on cacodylic acid toxicity to animals.
Wisconsin Alumni Res. Found. EPA Pesticide Petition No. OF0911.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cacodylic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Cadmium. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, DC, EPA-440/5-80-025. NTIS PB 81-117368.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Calcium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and E.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envoron-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Powers, W.J.J, J.C. Peckham, K.M. Siino and S.C. Gad. 1984.
Effects of subchronic dietary caprolactam on renal function. In:
Proc Symp. Ind. approach Chem Risk Assessments Caprolactam Relat.
Compd. Study 77-96 Ind. Health Found., Pittsburgh, PA.
Serota, D.G., A.M. Boberman and S.C. Gad. 1984. A three genera-
tion reproduction study with caprolactam in rats. In; Proc Symp
Ind Approach Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Compl. Case
study 191-204 Ind, Health Found, Pittsburgh, PA.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Caprolactam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ortho-Chevron Chemical Company,
Information,* unpublished study.
1985, Confidential Business
Accession No. 260671.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captafol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment,, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captan
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Informa-
tion? unpublished study. MRID No. 0012.
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Informa-
tion,- unpublished study. MRID No. 00120315.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captan. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carpenter, C.P., C.W. Weil, P.E. Polin, et al. 1961, Mammalian
toxicity of 1-naphthayl-n-methylcarbamate (Sevin insecticide). J.
Agric. Food Chem. 9; 30-39.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbaryl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
_Carbofuran
FMC Corporation.
unpublished study.
1983. Confidential Business
Accession No. 250740-250755,
Information;
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbofuran. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
.Carbon.
Hardin, B.D., G.P. Bond, M.R. Sikor, F.D. Andrew, R.P. Bellies and
R.W. Niemeir, 1981. Testing of selected work place chemicals for
teratogenic potential. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 7(Suppl.
4): 66-75.
Tabacova, S., L.A. Hinkova and L. Balabaeva, 1978. Carbon
disulfide tetratogenicity postnatal effects in rat. Toxicol .
Lett. 2: 129-133.
Tabacova, S., B. Nikoforov and L. Balabaeva. 1983. Carbon
disulfide intrauterine sensitization. J. Appl. Toxicol. 3(5):
223-239.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbon Disulfide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ca r boiLjt e t r a chlor i d e
Bruckner, J.V. , W.F. MacKenzie, S. Muralidhara, et al. 1986. Oral
toxicity of carbon tetrachloridei Acute, subacute and subchronic
studies in rats. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 6(1): 16-34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetra-
chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington , DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloral
Sanders, V.M. , B.M. Kauffmann, K.L. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology
of chloral hydrate in the mouse. Environ. Health Perspect. 44:
146-173.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloral. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-19
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Versicol Chemical Corp. 1983. Ace. Mo. 252267 Available from EPA
under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Enviro-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorine cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal, 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D,J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5s 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroacetaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
CMojEoacetic Acid
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1982a.
Subchronic oral toxicity test with monochloroacetic acid in rats.
National Toxicology Program, Bethesda, MD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroacetic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2-Ch1oroani1ine
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-20
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment^ Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chloroaniline
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of p-chloro-
aniline for possible carcinogenicity, NCI Carcinogenesis Tech Rep.
Ser. No. 189, NTIS PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987, Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenzene
Dilley, J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene.
NIOSH, DHEW, Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76-0126. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated
Benzenes. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/8/84/015F. NTIS PB85-150332.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenz i1ate
Ciba-Geigy Corporation. 1984. MRID No, 00144691.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Chlorobenzoicacid
Kieckebusch, W., W. Griem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerability of
p-chlorobenzoic acid. Arzneimi Hel-Forsch. 10s 999-10001. (In
German; English translation)
D-21
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
p-Chlorobenzoic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergence
Response, Washington, DC.
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981, Modified 90-day gavage and reproduc-
tion study in rats PCBTF, Conducted by Elars Bioresearch Labora-
tories, Inc., Fort Collins, CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files.
Microfiche #OTS0508148.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
4-Chlorobenzotrif luoride. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1985. 2-Year Inhalation
Carcinogenicity Study of Chloroprene in Rats. E.I. Du Pont De
Nemours and Co. , Inc. , Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2 -Chloral, 3 -butadiene (Chloroprene). Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1-Chlorob'U'tane
NTP (National Toxicology Program), 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). CAS No. 109-69-3. NTP-TR-312. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochlorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochlorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-22
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Madsen, C. , P.H. Andersen, O. Meyer and G. Wurtzen. 1986.
4-Chloroemethylphenol: SaJjiojielJ^a/maminalian-microsome mutagenicity
test subacute toxicity test In rats. Bull. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol. 37(5): 651-654.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
p-Chloro-m-cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chi orojrp rm
Beywood" R,, R.J. Sortwell, P.R.B. Noel, et al. 1979. Safety
evaluation of toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term
study in dogs. J, Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. p. 835-851,
U.S. 1988. Effects for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
m«
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloronitrobenzenes- Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Roller. 1982. Effects of transplacental
exposure to chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46:
137-140.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and
2,4-Dichlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
D-23
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U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2-Chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Chloropropane
Gage, J.C. 1970. The subacute inhalation toxicity of 109
industrial chemicals. Br. J. Ind. Med. 27(1): 1-18.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2-Chloropropane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorotoluenes Cm- and p-)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorotoluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
p-Chlorotoluene
Gibson, W.R., F.O. Gossett, G.R. Koenig and F. Marroquin. 1974.
The toxicity of daily oral doses of o-chlorotoluene in the rat.
Toxicology Division, Lilly Research Laboratories. Submitted to
Test Rules Development Branch, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.
EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ch 1 o r p_y r if PS
Dow Chemical Company. 1972. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 112118.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
D-24
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorpyrifos-methyl
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Chlorthalonil
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company. 1970. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. Accession No. 111253.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorthiophos
Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker, Ed. 1983. The Pesticide Manual,
7th ed. British Crop Protection Council, The Lavenham Press Ltd.,
Suffolk, England, p. 130.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorthiophos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chromium (ill)
Ivankovic, S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and
carcinogenic effects after administrations of high doses of chromic
oxide pigment in subacute and long-term feeding experiments in
rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol. 13: 347-351.
Lindberg, E. and G. Hedenstierna. 1983. Chrome plating: Symptoms,
findings in the upper airways, and effects on lung function. Arch,
Environ. Health. 38: 367-374.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Trivalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chromium.,...(VI)
Lindberg, E. and G. Hedenstierna. 1983. Chrome plating: Symptoms,
findings in the upper airways, and effects on lung function. Arch.
Environ. Health. 38s 367-374.
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MacKenzxe, R.D., R.U. Byerrum, C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic
toxicity studies. II. Hexavalent and trivalent chromium adminis-
tered in drinking water to rats. Am. Med Assac. Arch. Ind. Health.
18: 232-234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent
Chromium. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chrysene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. External Review
Draft.
U.S. EPA, 1986. 90-Day oral toxicity study of copper cyanide,
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Sponsored by the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toxicity Research Laboratories. 1987. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D-26
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Microbiological Associates. 19860 a,m,p~Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Sponsored by the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toxicity 'Laboratories, 1987. o,m,p-Cresol„ 90-Day oral
subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared
by the Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria Assessment, Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic toxicity in rats. Sponsored by Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toxicity Laboratories. 1987. o,n,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984, Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared
by the Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-27
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Monsanto Company. 1986. One month study of cumene vapor adminis-
tered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation. U.S.
EPA/OTS Public Files, 8D submission. Microfiche # OTS 0513229.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Environmental Document for
Cumene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolfe, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McCollister, R.L, Hollingsworth and
F. Oyen. 1956. Toxicological Studies of certain alkylated benzene
and benzenes AMA Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 337-398.
Cyanazine
Shell Chemical Company. 1986. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 40081901 40229001.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cyanazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agric. Food Chem,
3;325™329. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide.
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with
Hydrogen Cyanide: Health Issue Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA 60G/8-90-002F.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
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Phllbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. 1990. Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3; 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA, 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cycloate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985= Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cyclohexanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Gaunt, I.F., M. Sharratt, P.G. Grasso, A.B. Lansdown and S.D.
Gangolli. 1974. Short-term toxicity of cyclohexylamine HC1 in the
rat. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12: 609-624.
Gaunt, I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso, S.D. Gangolli and K.R. Butter-
worth. 1976. Long-term toxicity of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride
in the rat. Food Cosmet, Toxicol. 14(4): 255-268.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyclohexylamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dow. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpublished data,
Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI.
D-29
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U.S. EPA, 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dacthal
Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals. 1963. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00083584.
U.S. EPA, 1984. Environmental Profile for
Dacthal. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment; Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Da,l_aBgn,...,.(_sodium salt).
Paynter, O.E., T.W. Tusing, D.D. McCollister V.K. Rowe. 1960.
Toxicology of dalapon sodium (2,2-dichloropropoionic acid, sodium
salt). J. Agric. Food Chem. 8: 47-51.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dalapon. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2,4-DB
Rhodia Inc. 1969. Confidential Business Information? unpublished
study. No. 0092165.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4™DB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DPT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. Fitzhugh and F.M. Kunze. 1950.
Liver cell alteration and DDT storage in the fat of the rat induced
by dietary levels of 1-50 ppm DDT, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98:
268-273.
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U.S. EPA. 1984, Health Effects Assessment for DDT. by
Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DDT.
by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Kociba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humiston, et al. 1975= Results
of a two-year feeding study with decabromodiphenyl oxide
in rats. Combust. Toxicol* 2: 267-285.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1973,
lexicological and environmental factors involved in the selection
of decadibromophenyl oxide as a fire retardant chemical. Appl.
Polym. Symp. 22: 195-219.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ihrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1975.
Toxicology of octabromobiphenyl and decabromodiphenyl oxide.
Environ. Perspect. 11: 153-161.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Decabromodiphenyl oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental. Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Responsef Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Information (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and. Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Davies, D.B. B.J. Holub. 1979. Comparative susceptibility of
male and female rats to dietary diazinon toxieity. J. Nutr.
109(6): xxviii.
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980a. Comparative subacute toxicity
of dietary diazinon in the male and female rat. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 54(3): 359-367.
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980b. Toxicological evaluation of
dietary diazinon in the rat. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
9(6); 637-650.
U.S. EPA. 1984, Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diazinon. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D-31
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Dibengofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dibenzofuran.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1 , .4-Dibromob.en.gene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tradiff. 1977. Effect of 1,4-dibromo-
benzene and 1,2,4-tribromobenzene on xenotaiotic metabolism.
Toxicol. Appl, Pharmacol. 42: 189-196.
U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
_DibronQchloromethane
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Studies of Chi orodibromome thane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1
mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment , Environ-
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
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the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
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Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Pi oh 1 or pbu t ene s
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dichlorobutenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
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Response, Washington, DC.
Piohlorodif luoromethane
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Prendergast, J.A., R.A. Jones, L.J. Jenkins and J. Slegal. 1967,
Effects on experimental animals of long-term inhalation of
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U.S. EPA, 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dichloroethane.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Di-
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D-34
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U.S. EPA. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1, 2-t-Dichloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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pichlorophenolir.. 2t3-s 2-5, 2,6-, 3-4-, .3,5-.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2j.Ji-Dichloro.pheno3!e.Y acetic acid (2,4-P)
Dow Chemical Co. 1983. Ace. No. 251473.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dichloroprop. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dichloropropanes (1,1-, 1,2-,1,3-, 2,2-)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dichloropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1,3-Diohloropropene
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propene in rats and mice. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 12: 418-431,
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,3-Dichloropropene, .Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dichloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Dodd, D.E., L.C, Longo and D.L. Eisler. 1982. Dicyclopentadiene
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Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dieldrin
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dieldrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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toxicology and pharmacodynamics of dieldrin (HEOD): Two-year oral
exposures of rats and dogs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15:
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N,N-Piethylaniline
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Diethylaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
PiethYl_ene_ gl.yeol mojnp ethyl
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee, P. Austin and F.A. Fairweather. 1966.
Short-term feeding study with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in
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study of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in rats. Food Cosmet.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
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the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Argus, M.F., J.C. Arcos and C. Hoch-Ligeti. 1965. The carcino-
genic activity of protein-denaturing agents hepatocarcinogenicity
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diethylformamide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2-Diethylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
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Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
D.ieth_YlT-.g-nitropheny_lphosphate (Paraoxonl
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Diethyl-p-nitrophenylphosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Brown, D., K.R. Butterworth, I.F. Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term
oral toxicity study of diethyl phthalate in the rat. Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 16: 415-422.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH-for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
American Cyanimid Company. 1986. MRID No. 00164177. U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Nf.N-.PiaBi.iBthYlani3J.ne
Abdo, K. , M. Wolfe and R. Hiles. 1984. Subchronic toxicity of
N,N~dimethylaniline to F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fed, Proc.
43(3): 1698.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Dimethylaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N,N-Pimethylf
Becci, P.J., K.A. Voss, W.D. Johnson, M.A. Gallo and J.G. Babish.
1983. Subchronic feeding study of N,N-dimethylformamide in rats
and mice. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol, 2(6): 371-378.
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function in subjects exposed to environmental concentrations of DMF
lower than the actually proposed TLV. G. Ital. Med. Lav. 6(3-4):
157-158.
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Epidemiological study on workers exposed to low dimethyIformamide
concentrations. G. Ital. Med. Lav. 6(3-4); 149-156.
U.S. EPA, 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Dimethylformamide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
Di_Bethyl.ph@nols (2.*. 3-..; 2,.Si-)...
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dimethylphenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2 jA - D i methy 1j>h 1
American Biogenics Corporation. 1989. Ninety-day gavage study in
albino mice using 2,4-dimethylphenol. Study 410-2831.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dimethylphenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-39
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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^oils, some of their components and commercial products. Environ.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dimethylphenols.
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Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
3..fA-Dimethylghen_Q_l
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dimethylphenols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Veldre, I. A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. Toxicological studies of shale
oils, some of their components and commercial products. Environ.
Health Perspect. 30s 141-146.
........
Lehman, A.J. 1955. Insect repellants. Assoc. Food Office,
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acid Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
............
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of dimethyl
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-40
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Dtmethylurea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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vitro,. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 7(5): 829-847.
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Dinitrpbenzene(o-i,_E-l_
Cody, T.E., S. Witherup, L. Hastings, K. R.T.
Christian, 1981. 1, 3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxic effect in vivo and .in
vitro. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrobenzenes (o-, m-, p») . Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,6-
DinitrQ-p-cresol . Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
•o-cresol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrocresols. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Profile for
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Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. 1PA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-41
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Pinitrophenols (.2,3-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,5-)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrophenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Pinitrotoluenes
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrotoluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
M,~n-octyl_._.phth.alate
Piekacz, H. 1971. Effect of dioctyl and dibutyl phthalates on the
organism of rats after oral administration in prolonged experiment.
II. Subacute and chronic toxicity. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig.
22(3): 295-307. (CA 75:96911v)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acid Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dinoseb
Uniroyal Chemical Co. and Cedar Chemical Co. 1981. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00152675™
00152676.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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N j_ N- D igheny 1 ami ne
Thomas, J.O., W.E. Rxbelin, J.R. Woodward and F. DeEds. 1967. The
chronic toxicity of diphenylamine for dogs. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 11s 184-194.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Diphenylamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-42
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.-
U.S. EPA, 1987 Health Environmental Profile for
Direct Lightfast Blue. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Environmental Criteria
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
pisulfoton
Mobay Chemical Company. 1985, No, 00129456, 00146873,
41115401. Available from EPA. Write to FOIf EPAf Washington, DC
20460.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Disulfoton. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
Assessment,, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Solid Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 199Ob, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Huntington Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-Technical
on Reproductive Function of Multiple Generations in the Rat.
Report submitted by J.A. et al. to OPP, U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-
Endosulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Indothall
Keller, J. 1965. Two-year chronic feeding study of disodium
endothall to beagle dogs. Scientific Associates Report. EPA
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Endothall. Prepared by the Office' of Health Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH, for Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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D-43
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Treon, J.F., F.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel . 1955. Toxicity of
endrin for laboratory animals. Agric. Food Chem. 3; 842-848.
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the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-176.
PB 86-117967.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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subchronic studies. I. A 90-day Inhalation study in Laboratory
Rodents. 8D submission. Microfiche #206200.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethoprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethoprop. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Barbee, S.J., J.B. Terrill, D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway. 1984.
Subchronic inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
in the rat and rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
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glycol monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health
Perspect. 57: 33-41.
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glycol monoethyl ether in Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
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ethylene glycol monoethylether. Arzneim. -Forsch. 21(6): 880-885.
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D-44
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2-Ethoxyethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Et.hoxyethanol acetate
Union Carbide. 1984. A teratogenic evaluation of Cellosolve
Acetate in Fisher 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits following
inhalation exposure. Bushy Run Research Center, Export, PA,
October 1984. FYI-AX-1134-0360.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2--
Ethoxyethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2-lthoxyethanol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2~
Ethoxyethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl acetate
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronic study with ethyl acetate.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylacetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-E thylani1ine
U.S. EPA. 1986, Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N-
Ethylaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-45
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Andrew, F.D., R.L. Buschbom, W.C. Cannon, et al. 1981. Teratologic
assessment of ethylbenzene and 2-ethoxyethanol. Battelle Pacific
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R.W. Niemeier. 1981. Testing of selected workplace chemicals for
teratogenic potential. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 7(suppl.
4) : 66-75.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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E th yl. __ c h 1 o r i d e
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Hanley, Jr. 1986. Ethyl chloride; Inhalation teratology study in
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unpublished study. Accession No. 263695, 262696. (Cited in U.S.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-46
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E_thyleneiv cyanohydrin
Sauerhoff, M.W., W.H. Braun, J.C. Ramsey, C.B. Humiston and G.C.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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Eth.y_lened_iamine
Pozzani, U.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to
repeated inhalation of ethylenediamine vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg,
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Ethylenediamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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DePass, L.R., R.H. Carman, M.D. Woodside et al. 1986a. Chronic
toxicity and oncogenicity studies of ethylene glycol in rats and
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
glycol monobujbyl_
Dodd, D.E., W.M. Snellings, R.R. Maronpot and B. Balantyne, 1983.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day and 90-day vapor
inhalation studies in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
68: 405-414.
D-47
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1-86-052.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylene Thiourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
American Biogenics Corp, 1986. 90-Day gavage study in rats using
ehtyl ether. Status Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethxi_!nj-thacrYl^Lte
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennigar, et al. 1964.
Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of monomeric ethyl acrylate
and methyl xnethacrylate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6t 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethyl Methacrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
*ra JL= IH, ™g? 1 T^tf^ 1 TJ*iS ^i*^ && 8 fF\
-------
U.S. EPA. 1988. 13-week mouse oral subchronic toxicity study.
Prepared by Toxicity Research Laboratories, LTD. Muskegon, MI for
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic study. Prepared by
Toxicity Laboratories, LTD, Muskegon, MI for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC,
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Hodge, B.C. 1950. The concentration of fluorides in drinking
water to give the point of minimum caries with maximum safety, J.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
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Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Eli Lilly and Company, 1980, Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession Nos. 070933, 070939.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Fluridone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chevron Chemical Corporation. 1986. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. Accession No. 263772.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Folpet. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D-49
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment , Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
formic., acid
Malorny, G. 1969. Acute and chronic toxicity of formic acid and
formate. Z. Ernachrungswiss. 9: 332-339.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Formic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982. Subchronic toxicity
report on furan (C56202) in B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National
Toxicology Program under Contract No. l-CP-95641-01, Bethesda, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Furan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Furfural,
Feron, V. J. , A. Kruysse and H.C. Dreef Vander Meulen. 1979.
Repeated exposure to furfural vapor; 13 week study in Syrian golden
hamsters. Zentrase. Bakteviol Pavasiten Kd Infection SKV. Hyg. Abt
1 orig Reihe B. 168(5-6)? 442-451.
SRI (Southern Research Institute) . 1981. 90 day rat report.
Unpublished study performed for NTP.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Furfural. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-50
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hine, C.H. , R.J. Guzman, M.K. Dunlap, R. Lima and G.S. Loquvam.
1961. Studies on the toxicity of glycidaldehyde. Arch. Environ.
Health. 2: 23-30.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Glycidaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Velsicol Chemical Corp. 1955. MRID No. 00062599. Available under
FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1987= Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-
Heptane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
HexabrjornQbenzene
Mendoza, C.E., H.M. Vijay, J.B. Shields and G.W. Laver. 1977.
Effects of hexabromobenzene on the male rat. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 41: 127-130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-51
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Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Hoodie, S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-
term toxicity of hexachlorobenzene in the rat and the effect of
dietary vitamin A. Food Chem. Toxicol. 23(9): 779-793.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sexachlorobutadiene
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al. 1977. Results of a
2-year chronic toxicity study with hexachlorobutadiene in rats.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA, 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobuta-
diene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlprocyclohexane*delta and epsilon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma, (Lindane)..
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lindane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00128356. Available under
FOI.
1orocy cJLopentadiene
Abdo, K.M., C.A. Montgomery, W.M. Kluwe et al. 1984. Toxicity of
hexachlorocyclopentadiene: Subchronic (13-week) administration by
gavage to F344 rats and B6C3P1 mice. J. Appl. Toxicol. 4: 75-81.
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Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Carcinogenesis
Bioassay Study; Subchronic Study Report on Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene in Rats. Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SRI (Southern Research Institute), 198la. Subchronic Toxicity
Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (C53607) in B6C3F1 Mice.
Report for the NTP. Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230.
Microfiche #GTSQ5Q7497.
U.S. EPA* 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of. Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachloroethane
Gorzinski, S.J., R.J. Nolan, S.B. McCollister, et al. 1985.
Subchronic oral toxicity, tissue distribution and clearance of
hexachloroethane in the rat. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hexachloroethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorophene
Nationwide Chemical Corporation. 1974. Confidential Business
Information? unpublished study. MRID No. 00055365.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorophene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Hexamethylenediamine
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexamethylenediamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Emergency
Responsef Washington, DC.
Krasavage, W.J., J.L. Q'Donoghue, G.D. Divincenzo and Terhaar.
1980. Relative neurotoxicity of methyl"~n-butyl ketone, n-hexane
and their metabolites. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 52(3); 433-441,
Sanagi, S., Y, Seki, K. Sugimoto and M. Hirata. 1980. Peripheral
nervous system functions of workers exposed to n-hexane at a low
level. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 47: 69-79.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-
Hexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment,, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2~Hexanone
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-
Hexanone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
CUT. 1983. 90-Day vapor inhalation toxicity study of hydrogen
sulfide in B6C3F1 mice. EPA OTS Public Files. Fiche No.
0000255-0. Document No. FYI-OTS-08S3-0255.
U.S. EPA. I990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hydrogen Sulfide. Prepared by the Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Watterau, H., W. Ockert and U.G. Knape. 1964-1965. In; Toxicity
of hydrogen sulfide in animal feeding. Survey of the literature.
(Westermann et al., 1975. Landwirtsch. Forsch. 28s 70-80.)
e
Carlson, A.J. and N.R. Brewer. 1953. Toxicity studies on
Hydroguinone. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 84: 684-688.
D-54
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hydroquinone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronic toxicity with isobutyl
alcohol. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Isobutanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Rohm and Haas. 1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available
under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) in F344/N Rats and
B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH
Publ. No. 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Eli Lilly Company. 1985. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Isopropalin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-55
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Lactonitrile
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitriles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Lead. June, 1986 and
Addendum, September, 1986. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-Q28F. NTIS
PB 87-142378.
Lead alkyls
Scheper, G.W.H. 1964. Tetraethyl lead and tetramethyl lead.
Arch. Environ. Health. 8: 277-295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lead
Alkyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Linuron
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1962. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00018374.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Linuron. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Malathion
Moeller, H.C. and J.A. Rider. 1962. Plasma and red blood cell-
cholinesterase activity as indications of the threshold of
incipient toxicity of ethyl-p-nitrophenol thlonebenzenephosphorate
(EPN) and malathion in human beings. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
1: 123-130.
D-56
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Malathion. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Maleic anhydride
Jessup, D.C., D. Aldridge, J.L. Schardein and M. Blair. 1982.
Three-generation reproduction study in rats (modified to a 2-
generation study). Maleic anhydride IR-79-358. International
Research and Development Corp. for Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Unpublished 8D submission. Microfiche No. OTS 0206655. Document
ID 878214777.
Preache, M. 1983. Chronic Dietary Administration of Maleic
Anhydride. Vol. 1: Narrative. FYI-OTS Submission 1283-0277.
Prepared by ITT Research Institute for Chemical Industry Institute
of Technology, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Maleic Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Maleic hydrazide
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Maleic Hydrazide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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G.J. Van Esch. 1981. Maleic hydrazide, carcinogenicity study in
rats. Toxicology. 19(2): 139-150.
Malononitrile
Panov, I., M. Zlateva and G. Antov. 1972. Toxicological charac-
teristics of dicyanomethane. Chronic effects in white rats. Khig.
Zdraveopazvane. 15(6); 553-562.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Environmental Effects Profile for
Malanonitrile. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Mancozeb. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Maneb Data Task Force. 1986. MRID No. 00161552, (Cited in U.S.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Allowances, 10th ed. Food and Nutrition Board, National
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survey among workers exposed to manganese: Effects on lung, central
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trace metals in man: Manganese, a study in homeostasis. J. Chron.
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U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese.
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Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
ECAO-CIN-H057.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Manganese.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/8/83-013F. NTIS PB84-229954.
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U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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ingesting mercuric chloride. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.
20'. 488-494.
Bernaudin, J.F., E. Druet, P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhala-
tion or ingestion of organic or inorganic mercurials produces auto-
immune disease in rats. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Druet, P., E. Druet, F. Potdevin and C. Sapin. 1978. Immune type
glomerulonephritis induced by HgCl2 in the Brown Norway rat. Ann.
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Lobe. 1983. Measurement of hand tremor induced by industrial
exposure to metallic mercury. J, Ind, Med. 40: 204-208.
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exposure to mercury vapor. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 61:
391-395.
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psychlogical performance of chlorine-alkali workers. Scand. J.
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workers to low long-term exposure to mercury vapor. Br.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Peer Review Workshop on Mercury Issues. October
26-27, 1987, Summary Report. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Abou-Donia, M.B., D.G. Graham, P.R. Timmons B.L. Reichert.
1980. acute, delayed neurotoxic cholinergic effects of
S,SjS-tributylphosphorotrithioite (merphos) in hens. Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 53: 439-457.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Merphos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Megphos
Abou-Donia, M.B., D.G. Graham, K.M. Abdo and A.A. Kernel1. 1979.
Delayed neurotoxic, late acute and cholinergic effects of
S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DBF): Subchronic (90 days)
administration in hens. Toxicology. 14: 229-243,
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Environmental Effects Profile for
Merphos Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Meth.acrxionitri.ie
Pozzani, U.C., C.R. Kinkead and J.M. King. 1968. The mammalian
toxicity of methacrylonitrile. Am. Ind. Hyg, Assoc. J. 29(3):
202-210.
U.S. EPA, 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methanol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Rat oral subchronic toxicity study with methanol.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Methomyl
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. Toxicity studies with methyl
N-[[(methylamino) carbonyl] oxyl] ethanimidothioate. Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Methomyl. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
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Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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Kincaid Enterprises, Inc. 1986. No. 0015992. Available from
EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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monomethyl ether: 13-week vapor inhalation study in male rabbits.
Report prepared for the CMA March 25, 1982.
Miller, R.R., J.A. Ayres, J.L. Young and M.J. McKenna. 1983.
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. I. Subchronic vapor inhalation
study with rats and rabbits. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 3(1): 49-54.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Miller, R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether: 13-week vapor inhalation study in male rabbits.
Report prepared for the Chemical Manufacturers Association, March
25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2-Methoxyethanol Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Toxicity Research Laboratory. 1986. Rat oral subchronic toxicity
study with methanol. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Klimisch, H.J. and W. Reininghaus. 1984. Carcinogenicity of
acrylates: Long- term inhalation studies on methyl acrylate (MA)
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and n-foutyl acrylate (BA) in rats. Toxicologist . 4(l)s 53=
(Taken from Abstract No. 211)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Off ice ,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl__chlor.id_e
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Me thy Ich Iprp c arbpnat e
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Methylchlorocarbonate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
..acid. ........... (M_CPA)_
Industry Task Force on MCPA Research Data. 1986. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00164352.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA
and MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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lr (2-Methyl-4-chlorophengxgj_. butyric ...... aci_d__(.MCPBI
Rhodia, Inc. 1970a. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00116345.
Rhodia, Inc. 1970b. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00116344.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA
and MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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2_j2r_Me_th,yl^4--chl_QrQphenoxy) propionie acid _.(MCPP)_
BASF Aktiegerellschaft. 1985. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00158359.
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U.S. 1984. and Environmental Effects Profile for
MCPP. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
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U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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U.S. 1984. Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylcyclohexane, Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Stula, E.F., J.R. Barnes, H. Sherman, C.F. Reinhardt and J.A. Zapp,
Jr. 1977. Urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 4,4'methylene™
bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA). J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 1(1):
31-50.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
4 , 4 ' -Methyleriebis (2-chloroaniline) . Prepared by the Office of
Health Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
Emergency Response, Washington, DC,
Keyes, D.G., J.W. Henck, G.C. Jersey, R.J. Kociba, D.J. Schwetz and
T.D. Landry. 1982. Methylene bromide: A 90-day repeated inhala-
tion toxicity study in rats and dogs with a subsequent two-year
holding period for rats. Toxicology Research Lab, Health and
Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Ml.
U.S. EPA. 1987, Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylene Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessmentf Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
National Coffee Association. 1982. 24-Month Chronic Toxicity and
Oncogenicity Study of Methylene Chloride in Rats. Final Report.
Prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc., Vienna, VA.
(Unpublished).
Nitschke, K.D., J.D. Bured, T.J. Bell, et al. 1988. Methylene
chloride: A 2-year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in
rats. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. (In press)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methylene
Chloride. by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
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Cincinnati , OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Reuzel, P.G.J., J.H.G. Arts, M.H.M. Kuypers and C.F. Kuper. 1990.
Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity inhalation study of polymeric
methylenediphenyl diisocyanate aerosol in rats. Final report.
Prepared ' by CIVO Institute for the International Isocyanate
Institute.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl ........... ....... ethyl ketgne
LaBelle, C.W. and H. Brieger. 1955. Vapour toxicity of a
composite solvent and its principal components. Arch. Ind. Health.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl
Ethyl Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Metfeyl. ........... isgjbutyl, ketone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronic toxicity of methyl
isobutyl ketone in Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary report for
Research Triangle Institute, RTP, NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983. Ninety-day inhalation study in rats and
mice sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl
Ethyl Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl mercury
Clarkson, T.W., L. Amin-Zaki and S.K. Al-Tikriti. 1976. Federa-
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Nordberg, G.F. and P. Strangert, 1976. Estimations of a dose-
response curve for long-term exposure to methylmercuric compounds
in human beings taking into account variability of critical organ
concentration and biological half-time: A preliminary communica-
tion. In; Effects and Dose-Response Relationships of Toxic
Metals. G.F. Nordberg, Ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam. p. 273-282.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1976. Environmental health
criteria for mercury. In: Environmental Health Criteria 1. WHO,
Geneva.
Methyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennigar, et al. 1964.
Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of monomeric ethyl acrylate
and methyl methacrylate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Methacrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl parathipn
Monsanto Co. 1983. Accession No. 252501-252503, 253346, 253372-
253374. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl styrene(Industrial mixture)
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1984a. Study of the inhalation
carcinogenicity (bioassay) of vinyl toluene in B6C3F1 mice. Final
chronic report performed for the NTP under Contract No. N01-ES-
38042.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Methyl Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment,, Environmental Criteria Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
alpha-Methylstyrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McCollister, et al. 1956. Toxicolog-
ical studies of certain alkylated benzenes Arch. Ind.
Health. 14s 387-398.
Mirex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of mirex on the reproductive
performance and behavioral development in the prairie vole
(Micjrotus ochrogas_ter) . Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University,
Ames, IA.
U.S. 1987. Health Effects for Mirex. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1981. No. 00079209. U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
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Chappell, W.R., R.R. Meglers, R. Moure-Eraso, C.C. Solomons and
T.A. Tsongas. 1979. Human Health Effects of Molybdenum in
Drinking Water. Health Effects Research Laboratory, Office of
Research Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/
1-79-006. NTIS PB292755.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Molybdenum and Selected Molybdenum Compounds. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). (CAS No. 109-69-3), NTP TR-312.
U.S. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochlorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Na.ghthal.ene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1980. Unpublished subchronic
toxicity study: Naphthalene (C52904), Fischer 344 rats. Prepared
by Battelle's Columbus Laboratories under Subcontract no. 76-34-
106002.
U.S. IPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Naphthalene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health Advisory for Naphthalene. Office of
Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,4-Naphthoquinone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose, A.M., D.S. Larson, J.R. Borzelleca and G.R. Hennigar, Jr.
1976. Long-term toxicologic assessment of nickel in rats and dogs.
J. Good Sci. Technol. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Nicotinonitrile
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitriles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response,, Washington, DC.
Nitric oxide
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to infant
methemoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Public
Health. 41: 986-996.
Nitrite
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrite. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to infant
methemoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Pub.
Health. 41: 986-996,
Nitroanilines Co-, m-, p-)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitroanilines (o-, m~, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-
day inhalation study of nitrobenzene in F-344 rats, CD rats and
B6C3F1 mice with cover letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated
8/06/84. Unpublished study. FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer print-
out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Mitrofiirantoin
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980. Subchronic Toxicity
Report on Nitrofurantoin (C55196) in Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1
mice Tracor Jit CO, Inc. Rockville, MD contract Nos N01-CP-43350
and 78-65-106002 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrofurans Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrogen dioxide
Kubota, K., M. Murakami, S. Takenaka, K. Kawai and H. Kyono. 1987.
Effects of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure on rat lung
morphological observations. Environ. Health Perspect. 73(0): 157-
169.
Sagai, M. and T. Ichinose. 1987. Lipid-peroxidation and antioxi-
dative protection mechanism in rat lungs upon acute and chronic
exposure to nitrogen-dioxide. Environ. Health Perspect. 73: 179-
189.
Sagai, M., T. Ichinose and K. Kubota, 1984. Studies on the
biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide. IV, Relation between the
change of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative protective
system in rat lungs upon life span exposure to low levels of N02.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 73 (3) : 444-456.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
U.S. EPA. 199Ob. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrogen Dioxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to infant
methemoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Public
Health. 41: 986-996.
Nitrogen oxides
U.S. EPA. 1982. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-026F. NTIS PB83-163337.
Ni thane
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-69
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NitrQph_enols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrophenols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati; OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
2-Mitropropane
Angus Chemical Co. 1985a. Final report: Chronic inhalation
exposure to rats to vapors of 2-nitropropane at 100 ppnu Prepared
by Coulston International Corp. for Angus Chemical. Co. OTS No.
204292. Doc No. 8EHQ-0985-0170. Fiche No, 0200504.
Angus Chemical Co. 1985b. Chronic inhalation of 200 ppm of
2-nitropropane in rats. Prepared by Coulston International Corp.
(May 1978} for Angus Chemical Co. OTS No. 204292. Doc No. 8EHQ-
0985-0170. Fiche No. 0200504.
Griffin, T.B., F. Coulston and A.A. Stein. 1980. Chronic inhala-
tion exposure of rats to vapors of 2-nitropropane at 25 ppm.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 4(3): 267-281.
Griffin, T.B., A.A. Stein and F. Coulston. 1981. Histological
study of tissues and organs from rats exposed to vapors of
2-nitropropane at 25 ppm. Ecotoxicol. Environ Saf. 5(2): 194-201.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
PrNitrosodiphenyjj^lne,
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
I Q~.A B~ i - P-1
Ciss, M., N. Huyen, H. Dutertre, N. Phu-Lich and R. Truhaut. 1980.
Toxicological study of nitrotoluenes: Long-term toxicity. Dakar
Medical. 25: 293-302.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrotoluenes (o-, rn-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenobiotic metaolism in rats by
brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxicol.
Lett. 6:207-212.
D-70
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U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Rider, J.A., H.C. Moeller, E.J. Puletti and J.I. Swader. 1969.
Toxicity of parathion, systox, octamethylpyrophosphoramide and
methyl parathion in man. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14(3): 603-
611.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ozone_-an
-------
Pendimethalin
American Cyanamid Company. 1979. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MRID No. 0058657.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pendimethalin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
PentabromodiphenyX ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenobiotic metaolism in rats by
brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxicol.
Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
.Pentachl,Qrobenzene
Linder, R. , T, Scotti, J. Goldstein and K. McElroy. 1980. Acute
and subchronic toxicity of pentachlorobenzene. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol, 4(5-6): 183-196.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Pentachlorobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentaohlorocyclopentadiene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
Pentachloroiiitrobenzene
Olin Corporation. 1968. MRID NO. 000114201. U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
D-72
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quast, P.A. Keeler et al, 1978. Results of
two-year toxicity and reproduction studies on pentachlorophenol in
rats. In: Pentachlorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environ-
mental Toxicology, K.R. Rao, Ed. Plenum Press, New York. p. 301.
(Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pentachlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1,2..., 3 f 3-Pentachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenanthrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologic Evaluation of
Phenol in CD Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
D-73
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment , Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
........... JQ-_f ................ P - )
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenylenediamines (o-, m-, p-} . Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response , Washington, DC.
Hofer, H. and R. Hruby. 1982. Ninety-day toxicity study with
m-phenylenediamine on rats. Oestrr. Forschungszent* Seibersdorf
(Ber.) OEFZS Ber. No. 4155. p. 50.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylmercuric ............ acetate
Fitzhugh, O.G., A. A. Nelson, E.P. Laug and I.M. Kunze. 1950.
Chronic oral toxicities of mercuric phenyl and mercuric salts.
Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup, Med. 2: 433-442,
U.S. EPA, 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Phenylphenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phosgene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Phos&hine
Hackenberg, J. 1972. Chronic ingestion by rats of standard diet
treated with aluminum phosphide. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23:
147-158.
Klimmer, O.R. 1969. Contribution to the study of action of
phosphine (PH3) . On the question of so-called chronic phosphine
poisoning. Arch, Toxicol. 24; 164-187.
D-74
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U.S. EPA. 1989.' Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Phosphine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Office,
Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with
Elemental and Inorganic Phosphorus Compounds: Health Issue
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment,, Office of Research and
Development, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-89-072.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acids. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1982. A Ninety-
Day Study of Terephthalic Acid-Induced Urolithiasis and Reproduc-
tive Performance in Wistar and CD rats. CUT, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gross, J. 1974. The Effects of Prolonged Feeding of Terephthalic
Acid (TPA) to Rats. Project FG-IS-175. Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acids (o-, m-, p~) . Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of phthalic
anhydride for possible carcinogenicity, NCI Carcinogenesis Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 159. NTIS PB293594.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of polyforominated biphenyl mixture in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). Firemaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
D-75
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Polybrominated Biphenyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philforick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.c. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5; 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Potassium silver cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955, Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Profluralin
CBI.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Profluralin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Pronamide
Rohm & Haas, Co. 1970. Ace. Nos. 000967, 004417.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propachlor
Monsanto Company. 1964.
unpublished study. MRID NO,
Confidential
00094370.
Business Information?
U.S. EPA, 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propachlor. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D»76
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pr.Q.Bazine
Geigy Company. 1980. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 243353,
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Prop ion.it rile
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propionitrile. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
n-p_r.op.yl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-
Propyl Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
P r op y 1 ene_j3r 1 y oo1
Gaunt, I.F., R.M.B. Carpanini, P. Grasso and A.E.G. Lansdown.
1972. Long-term toxicity of propylene glycol in rats. Food
Cosmet. Toxicol. 10; 151-162.
Guerrant, N.B., G.P. Whitlock, M.L. Wolff and R.A. Butcher, 1947.
Response of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol
and propylene glycol. Bull. Natl. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229.
(Cited in Informatics, Inc., 1973)
Robertson, O.H., C.G. Loosli, T.T. Puck, H. Wise, H.M. Lemon and
W. Lester. 1947. Tests for chronic toxicity of propylene glycol
and oral administration. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther, 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Propylene Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-77
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Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P, Carpenter, 1948. Further experience
with the range finding test in the industrial toxicology labora-
tory. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 30: 63-68.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Effects Assessment Glycol Ethers,
Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1-86-052.
Landry, T.D., T.S. Gushow and B.L. Yano. 1983. Propylene glycol
monomethyl ether; A 13-week inhalation toxicity in rats and
rabbits. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 3: 627-630.
Miller, R.R., E.A. J.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene
glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether:
Metabolism, disposition, and subchronic inhalation toxicity
studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 233-239.
Rowe, V.K., D.D. McCollister, H.C. Spencer et al. 1954.
Toxicology of mono-, di-, and tri-propylene glycol methyl ethers.
Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 9: 509-525.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1-86-052.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati^ OH.
Kuper, C.F., P.G.J. Reuzel, V.J. Feron and H. Verschuuren. 1988.
Chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity of propylene oxide
in Wistar rats. Food Chem. Toxicol, 26(2): 159-167.
U.S. EPA= 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propylene Oxide. by the Office 'of Health and Environ-
mental Assessmentr Environmental Criteria Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. 1984. Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared
by Office of Health Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D-78
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic toxicity study of pyrene.
Study conducted by Toxicity Research Laboratories, Muskegon, MI for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pyridine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Pyridine. 90-Day subchronic oral toxicity in
rats. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Levine, B.S., E.M. Furedi, V.S. Rae, D.E. Gordon and D.M. Lish.
1984, Determination of the chronic mammalian toxicological effects
of RDX: Twenty-four month chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study
of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX) in the Fischer
344 rat. NT1S AD-A160774. Vol. 1. 347 p.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonite). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
McCollister, D.D., P. Oyen and V.K. Rowe. 1959. Toxicological
studies of Q,Q-dimethyl-0-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)phosphothioate
(ronnel) in laboratory animals. J. Agric. Food Chem, 7: 689.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ronnel. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
SelenQurea
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-79
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Yang, G. , S. Wang, R. Zhou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium
intoxication of humans in China. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 37s 872-881.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selenium and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office,, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. 'Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Yang, G., W. Shuzhen, R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium
intoxication of humans in China. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 37: 872-888.
Blumberg, H. and T.N. Carey. 1934. Argyremia: Detection of
unsuspected and obscure arguria by the spectrographic demonstration
of high blood silver. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 103: 1521-1524.
East, B.W., K. Boddy, E.D. Williams, D. Maclntyre and A.L.C. McLay.
1980. Silver retention, total body silver and tissue silver
concentrations in argyria associated with exposure to an anti-
smoking remedy containing silver acetate. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.
5: 305-311.
Gaul, L.E. and A.M. Staud. 1935. Clinical spectroscopy. Seventy
cases of generalized argyria following organic and colloidal silver
medication. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 104: 1387-1390.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ciba-Geigy Corporation. 1988. MRID No. 40614405.
D-80
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Simazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment,, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sunderman, F.W. , O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967. The effects
of the protracted administration of the chelating agent, sodium
diethyldithiocarbamate (dithiocarb) . Am. J. Med, Sci. 254; 46-
56.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Domingo, J.L., J.L. Llobet, J.M. Tomas and J. Corbella. 1985.
Short-term toxicity studies of vanadium in rats. J. Appl. Toxicol.
5(6): 418-421.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Seidl, I. and G. Zbinden. 1982. Subchronic oral toxicity of
strychnine in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 51(3): 267-271.
D-81
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Quast, J.F., C.G. Humiston, R.T. Kalnins, et al. 1979. Results
of a Toxicity Study of Monomeric Administered to Beagle Dogs by
Oral Intubation for 19 Months. Toxicology Research Laboratory,
Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Styrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,.
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAQ-CIN-H115.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Succinonitri_lg
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitriles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Sul_furic_aci
-------
Terbufgs
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Terbufos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati,, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Terephthalic ......... acid
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Terephthalic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Te t r jtch.loro_a_ZQ.xybe.n ze.ne ..... (TCAOB )
U.S. EPA, 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1 ,2 , 4jJt<
Chu, I., D.C. Villeneuve, V.E. Valli and V.E, Secours. 1984.
Toxicity of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in
the rats Results of a 90-day feeding study. Drug Chem. Toxicol.
7: 113-127.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tet r 1 g r gjgy c 1 op en t a d i ene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Buben, J.A. and E.J. O'Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role
of metabolism in the hepatoxicity of trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylenes A dose-effect study. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
78: 105-122,
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetra-
chloroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-83
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Tetraehlorohydrazobenzene CTCHBI
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2 , 3 , 4 , 6-Tetrachloroplienol
U.S. EPA* 1986. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronic
Oral Toxicity Study in Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA.. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachleirophenol 2, 3 ft.4.., §.-,. ............. 2,3^5^ 6"
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
l j 1 .,„ 2 , 3 - Te t r ach 1 o r op r op ene
U.S. EPA. 1983, Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorvinphos ..(Stirpf os)
Shell Chemical Company. 1968. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 115684.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Stirofos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetraethyl
.............
Kimmerle, G. and O.R. Klimmer. 1974. Acute and subchronic
toxicity of Sulfotep. Arch. Toxicol. 33(1)? 1-16.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-84
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Tetraethyl lead
Schepers, G.W. 1964. Tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead. Arch.
Environ. Health. 8: 277-295.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Thalliumand Compounds;
Thallium Cin salts). Thallium (III) oxide [Thallic oxide],_
Thallium (I) acetate^. Thallium (I) carbonate, Thallium(I) chloride^
Thallium (I) nitrate. Thallium selenite (Tl?Se), Thallium(I) sulfate
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1986. Subchronic (90-day)
toxicity study of thallium sulfate in Sprague-Dawley rats. Office
of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA,
1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Subchronic (90-day) toxicity of thallium(I)
sulfate (CAS No. 7446-18-6) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report.
Prepared for the Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Project No. 8702-1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
•Thallium and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole CTCMTB)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCMTB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
ThiofanoK
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Thiofanox. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Thiram
Hornshaw, T.C., R.J. Aulerich and R.K. Ringer. 1987. Toxicity of
thiram (tetramethylthinoram disulfide) to mink and European
ferrets. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38(4); 618-626.
D-85
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Thiram. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) in F344/N rats and
B6C3F1/N mice (feed study). NCI/NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also
publ. as (NIH) publ Iss NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3!Q_luene
Andersen, I., G.R. Lundqvist, L. Molhave, O.F. Pedersen, D.F.
Proctor, M. Veath, and P P. Wyon. 1983. Human response to
controlled levels of toluene in six-hour exposure. Scand. J. Work
Environ. Health 9: 405-418.
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology) . 1980. A twenty-
four month inhalation toxicology study in Fischer-344 rats exposed
to atmospheric toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables.
October 15, 1980. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
NTP (National Toxicology Program) . 1989. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of toluene in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Technical
Report Series No. 371.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft (on
Public Comment). 600/X-84-188-2 .
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-86
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To 1 aenefli e (2,«3 -i 3 ^-ft-1
U.S. EPA, 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Selected Toluenediamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
NCI (National Cancex Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Toluene-2,5™
diamine Sulfate Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 126.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Selected Toluenediamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
TolL^^^^^^=^
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1980, Bioassay of 2,6-Toluene-
diamine Dihydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI
Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. and Environmental Effects Profile for
Selected Toluenediamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Toluidines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Trial_late
Monsanto Company. 1979. Confidential Business Information,*
unpublished study. Accession No. 242057.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and. Assessment, Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carlson, G.P. R.G. Tardiff, 1977. Effect of 1,4-dibromodi-
benzene and 1,2,4-tribromobenzene on xenobiotic metabolism.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42; 189-196.
U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-87
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,.2,4-Trichlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2,4-Trichloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Drinking Water Criteria Document for
Trichlorobenzenes. Prepared by the Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-0012,
Watanabe, P.G., R.J. Kociba, R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronic
toxicity studies of 1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene in experimental animals.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
TrichJLorocyclopentadiene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
I..T..I , 1-Trichloroethane
Torkelson, R.R., F. Oyen, D.D. McCollister and V.K. Rowe. 1958.
Toxicity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane as determined on laboratory
animals and human subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane, Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
lfI,2-Trichloroethane
Sanders, V.M., K.L. White Jr., G.M. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Munson.
1985. Humoral and cell mediated immune status of mice exposed to
1,1,2 trichloroethane Drug Chem Toxicol. 8(5): 357-372.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Trichloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
D-88
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
White, K.L. Jr., V.M. Sanders, V.W. Barnes, G.M. Shopp and A.E.
Munson. 1985. Toxicology of 1,1,2 trichloroethane in the mouse.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 8(5); 333-355.
Trichloroflupromethane
Jenkins, L. J. , R.A. Jones, R.A. Coon and J. Slegal. 1970.
Repeated and continuous exposures of laboratory animals to
trichlorofluoromethane. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133-142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Trichloro™
fluoromethane for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106. (Also publ as (NIH) 78-1356)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2,4 > 4' -Tricliloro-2' -hydroxydiphenyl ether
Lyman, F.L. and T. Furia. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4,4'-Trichloro-
2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether. Ind. Med. 38: 45-52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for
Haloethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
T.richlorophenol• 2,3.4-,2 ,_3_,_5-, 2,3,6-, 3,4,5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2 rA .1. .5 - T r i ch 1 or oph e.no 1
McCollister, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Toxicologic
information on 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol,
3: 63-70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. 'Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trichloro-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
D-89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response^ Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
rj.S, EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,6-Trichloro-
phcnol . Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria Office,,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington , DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Gearing, P.J. and J.E. Betso. 1978. Phenoxy acids: Effects and
fate in mammals. Ecol. Bull. 27: 122-133.
Kociba, R.S., D.G. Keyes, R.W. Lisowe, et al. 1979. Results of
2-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of rats ingesting
diets containing 2,4,5-T. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 17; 205-222.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2 , 4 , 5~Trichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, Prepared by Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. IPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2 (2,4, 5-Trichlprophenoxy) propionie acid (2., 4 , ...5~T_P>.._._ ............................. (.SilvexJ,
Gehring, P.J. and J.E. Betso. 1978. Phenoxy acids: Effects
fate in mammals. Iri: Chlorinated Phenoxy Acids and Their Dioxins,
Vol. 27, C. Ramel, Ed. Ecol. Bull., Stockholm, p. 122-133.
Mullison, W.R. 1966. Some toxicological of silvex. In*.
Proc. 19th Ann. Meet. , Southern Weed Conference, Jacksonville, FL.
p,, 420-435.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
D-90
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichloropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment; Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
I?lj2-Trichloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichloropropanes. by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response , Washington,, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Villaneuve, D.C., I. Chu, V.E. Secours, M.G. Cotie, G.L. Plaa and
V.E. Valli. 1985. of a 90-day toxicity study on 1,2,3-
and 1, 1, 2-trichloropropane administered via the drinking water.
Sci. Total Environ. 47; 421-426.
._..._
NTP (National Toxicology Program) . 1983a. Final report 120-day
toxicity gavage study of 1, 2 , 3-trichloropropane in Fischer 344
rats. Performed by Hazelton Laboratories.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichloropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
McKenna, M.J., J.F. Quast and G.A. Stevens. 1978. Results of a
90-day inhalation toxicity study of 1,2,3-trichloropropene in
laboratory animals. Taxied. Appl. Pharmacol. 45: 249.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Villeneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli.
1984. Toxicity of trichlorotoluene isomers: A 28-day feeding study
in the rat J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B« Pestic Food conterm.
Agric. Wastes. 19(2); 183-192.
D-91
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Villeneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli.
1984. Toxicity of trichlorotoluene isomers: A 28-day feeding study
in the rat J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B. Pestic Food conterm.
Agric. Wastes. 19(2); 183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington , DC,
l^l^JZ^
Trochimowicz, H.J., G.M. Rusch, T. Chiu and C.K. Wood. 1988.
Chronic inhalation toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats exposed
to fluorocarbon 113 (FC-113) . Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 11(1) i 68-75.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1, l,2-Trichloro-l,2, 2-trif luoroethane. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
TriflHiralin
Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft . 1984, Confidential Business Informa-
tion? unpublished study. MRID No. 00151908.
U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Trif luralin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trimethylbenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Cody, T.E., S. Witherup, L. Hastings, K. Steamer and R.T. Chustion.
1981. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxic effects in vitro. J. Toxicol.
Environ. Health. 7: 829-847.
D-92
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3, S-Trinitrobenzene, Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria arid Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Trinitrophenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Fati, S. and E. Daniele. 1965. Histopathological changes in
experimental chronic tetryl poisoning. Folia. Med. 48(4):
269-276.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. DOD (Department of Defense). 1983. AD-A157-002. Defense
Technical Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Schroeder, J.A., M. Mitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium,
niobium, antium, antimony, vanadium and lead in rats; Life term
studies. J. Nutr. 100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
D-93
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Vanadium .........
Stokinger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain et al. 1953.
Unpublished results. Div. Occup. Health, Cincinnati; OH. (Cited
in Stokinger, 1981)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
Schroeder, J.A. , M. Mitchener and A. P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium,
niobium, antium, antimony, vanadium and lead in rats: Life term
studies. J. Nutr. 100(1): 59-68,
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria Assessment, Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vernolate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1983. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. Accession Nos. 249703-249704.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Vernolate. Prepared by the Office of Health Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vinyl, .
Beems, R.B. 1988. Report No. VS8-133: Histopathology of the
respiratory tract of mice used in a 104-week inhalation study
(Owen, 1988) with vinyl acetate. (TNO-CIVO Institutes, April,
1988) .
Dreef-van der Meulen, H.C. 1988, Report No. V88-033/270836 :
Histopathology of the respiratory tract of rats used in a 104-week
inhalation study (Owen, 1988) with vinyl acetate: Revised version.
(TNO-CIVO Institutes, October, 1988).
Owen, P.E. 1988. Vinyl acetates 104-Week inhalation combined
chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rat and mouse.
Report prepared by Hazelton Laboratories Europe, Ltd., Harrogate,
England for the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. , New York.
Report No. 5547-51/15. November, 1988.
D-94
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Shaw, D.C. 1988. Vinyl acetate: 104-Week oral (drinking water)
combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in the rat
following in yjjtro exposure, Volume I. Hazeleton Laboratories, UK.
Report No. 5531-5/16. Doc. No. 86-0000265. Fiche No.
QTSQ514156.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Vinyl Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment„ Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Vinyl~l-cyclohexene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
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No. 133-20-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) . NTP
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Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
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the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% m-
xylene, 13.6% p-xylene, 17.0% ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS
No. 1330-20-7) in P344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 327,
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Tatrai, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of
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Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
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the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Xylenes , mixed
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the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Zinc.
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zineb
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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[b]fluoranthene
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Ben.zo [k].flupranthene
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Bis C choromethyl)ether
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
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Bi s .( 2 ..-c.hlQ.rQr .1 -roe thy lethy 1 ) ether
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Ethylethyl-(2~Chloropropyl) Ether («30%) in B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Study) . NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. [Also
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
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82-1773.
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Bromo_di chloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP technical report on
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(CAS No. 75-27-4) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies) .
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Benya, T.J., W.M. Basey, M.A. Dorato and P.E. Berteau. 1982,
Inhalation carcinogenicity bloassay of vinyl bromide in rats.
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Bromoethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Promoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trihalomethane (bromoform)
(CAS No. 75-25-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Bromoform. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1. ,..3 - Bu t ad i en e
Hazleton Laboratories. 1981. The Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of
Butadiene Gas Administered to Rats by Inhalation for Approximately
24 Months. Prepared for the International Institute of Synthetic
Rubber Producers, New York, NY. Unpublished, (Cited in U.S. EPA,
1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Assessment of
1,3-Butadiene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-85-004F. NTIS PB86-125507.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Butadiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
D-107
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ihun, M.J. , T.M. Schnorr, A.B. Smith and W.E. Halperin. 1985.
Mortality among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers; An
update. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325-333.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment , Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Updated mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
Assessment of Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document
for Cadmium (May 1981, EPA 600/8-81-023). 600/8-83-025F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captafol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captafol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Cagtan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tsuda, H. , A. Haziwara, M. Shibata, M. Ohsima and N. Ito. 1982.
Carcinogenic effect of carbazole in the liver of (C57BL/6N x
C3H/HeN)F! mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 69:1383-1389.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbazole. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment^ Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-108
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C a rbo n te trach1oride
Delia Porta, G.B., B. Terracini and K.P. Shubik. 1961. Induction
with carbon tetrachloride of liver cell carcinomas in hamsters.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26; 855-863.
Edwards, J., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the
carbon tetrachloride hepatoma in strain L mice. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 3; 297-301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Carclno-
genesis Bioassay of Chloroform, Carcinogenesis Program, Division
of Cancer Cause and Prevention, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetra-
chloride. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8™
82-001F. NTIS PB 85-124196.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetra™
chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chiorany!
BRL (Bionetics Research Labs, Inc.)- 1968. Evaluation of
carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic activities of selected
pesticides and industrial chemicals. Volume I: Carcinogenic
Study. NTIS PB 223159.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloranyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chlordane
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1973.
Unpublished report to Velsicol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month
Oral Carcinogenic Study in Mice, December 14, 1973.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassay of Chlordane for
Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
8. Also publ. as DHEW Publ. No, (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogenicity Assessment of Chlordane and
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004. Final Report.
D-109
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino™
genesis studies of chlorodibromomethane (CAS No. 124-48-1) in
F/344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282, DHHS
No. NIH 85-2538.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Jorgenson, T.A., E.F. Meierhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et al. 1985.
Carcinogenicity of chloroform in drinking water to male Osborne™
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5(4): 760-769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on Carcinogenesis
Bioassay of Chloroform. NTIS PB264-018.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/S-84-004F. NTIS PB66-105004.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981. Final
report on 24-month inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared
by Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).
1984. Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to
Monohalomethanes. NTIS PB85-111623.
D-110
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response , Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA* 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Chloro-2-methylaniline and 4-Chloro~2-methylaniline hydrochloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati , OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC,
Weisburgar, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger et al. 1978,
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2: 325-356.
4 -Chloro-2 thy 1 1 ine hydrochloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Chloro-2~methylaniline and 4~Chloro~2-methylaniline hydrochloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC,
Weisburger, E.K., A.B, Russfield, F. Homburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol,
Toxicol. 2: 325-356.
U.S. EPA. 1987, Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Haloethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloronitrobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-lll
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Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2:325-356'.
U.S. EPA. 1985= Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloronitrobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ, Pathol.
Toxicol. 2;325-356.
IRDC. 1985. Tumorigenicity study in rats. Chlorothalonil.
099-5TX-80-234~008.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorthalonil. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Clir_Qm.ium.._..(.yi)...
Mancuso, T.F. 1975. International Conference on Heavy Metals in
the Environment, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 27-31. (Cited in U.S. EPA,
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U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-
115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent
Chromium. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Coal__tars
Mazumdar, s., C. Redmond, W. Sollecito and N. Sussman. 1975. An
epidemiological study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatiles among
coke oven workers. APCA J. 25(4): 382-389.
D-112
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Redmond, C.K., H.S. Wieand, H.E. Rockette et al. 1979. Long-term
mortality experience of steelworkers. Prepared under Contract No.
HSM-99-71-32. NIGSH, Cincinnati, OH. June.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
EPA-60Q/6-82-OQ3F. NTIS PB 84-170182.
U.S. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
CTesol ,__._. O--J ..... m° ............. and ...... p-
U.S. 1PA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chung, F.L., T. Tamaka and S.S. Hecht. 1986. Induction of liver
tumors in F344 rats by crotonaldehyde. Can. Res. 46s 1285-1289.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Crotonaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Tomatis, L. , V. Turusov, R.T. Charles and M. Boicchi. 1974.
Effect of long-term exposure to 1,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-
chlorophenyl)ethylene, to 1,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-ehlorophenyl)-
ethane, and to the two chemicals combined on CF-1 mice. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 52(3): 883-891.,
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
(National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of DDT, TDE and
p,p' -DDE for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Report No. 131. DHEW
Publ. No, (NIH) 78-1386.
Rossi, L. , O. Barbieri, M. Sanguineti, J.R.P. Cabral, P. Bruzzi and
L. Santi. 1983. Carcinogenicity study with technical-grade DDT
and DDE in hamsters. Cancer Res. 43: 776-781. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1988)
D-113
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Tomatis, L. , ¥. Turusov, R.T. Charles and M. Boicchi. 1974.
Effect of long-term exposure to 1,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloro-
phenyl)ethylene, to 1,l-dichloro-2,2~bis(p~chlorophenyl)-ethane,
and to the two chemicals combined on CF-1 mice. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 52 (3) : 883-891.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDf
U.S. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-026.
U.S. EPA. 1986. The Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Dicofol
(Kelthane) , DDT, DDE and DDD (TDE) . Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/600/6-86/001. NTIS PB87-
110904.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
Pecabromodiphenyl
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Decabromodiphenyl Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
BRL (Bionetics Research Labs, Inc.) 1968. Evaluation of carcino-
genic, teratogenic, and mutagenic activities of selected pesticides
and industrial chemicals, Vol. 1, Carcinogenic Study. Prepared for
National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington,
DC. NTIS PB-223159,
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerio, et al. 1969. Bioassay
of pesticides and industrial chemicals for tumorigenicity in mices
A preliminary note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42:1101-1114.
-------
U.S. EPA,. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diallate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Pibenzo.ra.jthj.an.'thracene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DibromQghlp.rQmeth.ane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of chlorodibromomethane in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
•mice. Technical Report Series No. 282. NTIS/PB86-166675.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment;, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dibromochloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2 -Dibroroo-3~chloropropan.e
SRC. 1982. Review of Toxicologic Data in Support of Evaluation
for Carcinogenic Potential of l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane. TR-82-
723. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1986)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dibromo-
chloropropane. ECAO-CIN-410.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles,
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCRA/Superfund Docket.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,2-dibromo-
ethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Technical
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of 1,2-dibromoethane in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation
Study), NTP Series No. 210. NIH Pub. No. 82-1766.
D-115
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2-Dibromoethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Dibromide,
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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tions; Organic Chemicals; Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants.
F.R. (July 8). 52', 25690-25717.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986, Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1
Mice — Galley Draft. U.S. DHHS, PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3»3' - D ichlo r obe.n zi d i n.e
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman, J.A. Zapp et al. 1975. Experimental
neoplasia in rats from oral administration of 3,3'-dichloro-
benzidine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) and 4,4'-methylene-
bis (2-methylaniline). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 159-175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-89/011.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
l,4"DichlQro-2-butene
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study
with l,4-dichlorobutene-2 (DCB) in rats. Final report OTS 8(e)
Fiche 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dichlorobutenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-116
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1, l-Dichlorpet,hane
NCI (National Cancer Institute), 1978. Bioassay of 1,1-dichloro-
ethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 66, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dichloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dichloroethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
l,2-Dichloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,2-dichloro-
ethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dichloro-
ethane. EPA 600/8-84-006F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1-Diohloroethylene
Maltoni, C., G, Lefemine, P. Chieco et al. 1985. Experimental
research on vinylidene chloride Carcinogenesis. In; Archives of
Research on Industrial Carcinogenesis, Vol. 3, C. Maltoni and M.
Mehlman, Ed. Princeton Scientific Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of vinylidene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) in F344 rats and B6C3F1
mice (gavage study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228, DHHS No. NIH 82-
1784.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vinylidene
Chloride. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA-600/8-83-031F. NTIS PB 86-100641.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-
Dichloroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
D-117
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U.S. EPA* 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
l_.f.2.-_Dichloro.p.ropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on
the Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,2-Dichloropropane (Propylene
Dichloride). (CAS No. 78-87-5) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP-82-092, NIH Publ. No. 84-2519, NTP TR 263.
U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH. August, 1986. Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dichloro-
propane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
l.r.3-D-iclilo.roprQp_en.e
Lomax, L.G., W.T. Stott, K.A. Johnson, L.L. Calhoun, B.L. Yano and
J.F. Quast. 1989. The chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of
inhaled technical grade 1,3-dichloropropene in rats and mice.
Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 12: 418-431.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of telone II in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S.
Dept. Health and Human Services, Technical Report Ser. No. 269.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,3-Dichloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dichloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dieldrin
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrin, dieldrin,
heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide for two years. Int. Food Drug
Admin.
Meierhenrey, E.F., B.H. Reuber, M.E. Gershwin et al. 1983.
Dieldrininduced mallory bodies in hepatic tumors of mice of
different strains. Hepatology. 3s 90-95.
D-118
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NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassays of aldrin and
dieldrin for possible carcinogenicity « National Cancer Institute
Carcinogen, Tech, Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22 . [Also publ . as
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-882.]
Tennekes, H.A., A.S. Wright,, K.M. Dix and J.H. Koeman. 1981.
Effects of dieldrin, diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor
incidences in livers of male CF-1 mice. Cancer Res. 41:
3615-3620.
Thorpe, E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxicity of dieldrin (HEOD) .
II. Comparative long-term oral toxicity studies in mice with
dieldrin, DDT, phenobarbitone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Pood
Cosmet. Toxicol. 11(3); 433-443.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dieldrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walker, A.I.T., E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The
toxicology of dieldrin (HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxicity studies
in mice. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11: 415-432.
Pi ethyl stilbestrol
SRC. 1983. Teview of Toxicologic Data in Support of Evaluation
for Carcinogenic Potential of Diethylstilbestrol. TR-83-562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (GAG) Profiles.
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCRA/Superfund Docket.
QSHA/NIOSH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) . 1980. Health
hazard, alert benzidine, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine based dyes.
(NIOSH) Publ. No. 81-106.
Sellakumar, A.R. , R. Montesano and A. Saffioti, 1969. Aromatic
amines carcinogenicity in hamsters. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res.
10:78.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
3 , 3 ' -Dimethoxybenzidlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-119
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U.S. 1987. and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4-Dimethylaniline 2,4-Dimethylaniline hydrochloride.
by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
Office of Solid Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Hamburger et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
lexical, 2", 325-356,
U.S. 1987. and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4-Dimethylaniline 2,4-Dimethylaniline hydrochloride.
Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger,, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Hamburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2S325-356.
Griswold, D.P., Jr., A.E. Casey, E.K. Weisburger and J.H.
Weisburger. 1968. The carcinogenicity of multiple intragastric
doses of aromatic and heterocyclic nitro or amino derivatives in
young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Res. 28(5):924-933.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Vtorhington, DC.
x v ili>!L
Toth, B, 10/9. Comparative studies with'hydrazine derivatives.
Carcinogen j<"Lty of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical (1,1-DMH)
in the blood vocsels, lung, kidneys and liver of Swiss mice. Proc.
Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 13:34.
Toth, B. 1973. if1-Dimethylhydrazine (unsymmetrical} carcino-
in mice. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies on
neoplastic blood vessels. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50(1):181-194.
U.S. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
D-120
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1 j. 2-Dimethylhydrazine
Toth, B. and R.B. Wilson. 1971, Blood vessel tumorigenesis by
1,2 -dime thy Ihydrazine dihydrochloride (symmetrical). Am. J.
Pathol. 64: 585.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Dimethyl .
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dimethyl sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,, OH.
Ellis, H.V., S.H, Hageusen, J.R. Jodgson et al. 1979, Mammalian
Toxicity of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects of Lifetime
Exposure, Part I. 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene. NTIS AD-A077692. 281 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2f4- 2,6-
Dinitrotoluenes, Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor
(CRAVE) Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final
coversheet and input onto IRIS .
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- 2,6-
Dinitrotoluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Emergency Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,, Environ-
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for possible carcinogenicity . NCI Carcinogenesis Tech, Rep, Ser.
No. 80. Publication No. (NIK) PB-285-711.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Of ice, Cincinnati, OH.
D-121
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1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of hydrazobenzene
for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser.
No. 92. DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-062. NTIS PB 81-117731.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Diphenyl-
hydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct Black 38
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic
toxicity studies of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct
brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcinogenesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p.
127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Black 38. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Bl_ue_6
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic
toxicity studies of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct
brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcinogenesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p.
127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Blue 6. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-122
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Direct ;;r.BrQwn „ 95
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic
toxiclty studies of direct blue 6, direct black 38 , and direct
brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcinogenesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p.
127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Brown 95. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati , OH for Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Sky Blue 6B. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment , Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Komishi, T. , A. Kawabata, A. Denda, et al. 1980. Forestomach
tumors induced by orally administered epichlorohydrin in male
Wistar rats. Gann. 71: 922-923,
Laskin, S, A.R. Sellakumar, M. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation
carcinogenicity of epichlorohydrin in noninbred Sprague-Dawley
rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Epichlorohydrin.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA
600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. 1985. and Environmental Effects Profile for
Epichlorohydrin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Et!l2i__acrji_ate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carcinogenesis studies
of ethyl acrylate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies) .
U.S. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethyl Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-123
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Ethylene__Qxi_4.e
Snellings, W.M., C.S. Weil and R.R. Moronpot. 1981. Final Report,
Ethylene Oxide, Two Year Inhalation Study. Submitted to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Bushey Run Research Center,
Pittsburgh, PA. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA
600/8-84-009F. NTIS PB86-102597.
Ethylene thiourea
Graham, S.L., K.J. Davis, W.H. Hansen and C.H. Graham. 1975.
Effects of ethylene thiourea ingestion on the thyroid of the rat.
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13(5): 493-499.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylene Thiourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Folget
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Chevron study: Lifetime
oncogenicity feeding study of pholton technical (SX-946; folpet)
in CD-I (ICR derived) mice. Cited in U.S. EPA, 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Folpet. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde
Kerns, W.D., K.L. Parkov, D.J. Donofrio, et al. 1983. Carcino-
genicity of formaldehyde in rats and mice after long-term inhala-
tion exposure. Cancer Res. 43: 4382-4392.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Formaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Review Draft. Addendum to Evaluation of the
Potential Carcinogenicity of Formaldehyde.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles.
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCRA/Superfund Docket.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-124
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U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozolidone, nihydrazone, furaltadone,
nitrofurazone. Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule
making. Federal Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. 1976b. Furozolidone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity
for hearing on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal
drug applications. Federal Register. 41: 19907-19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment,, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Cohen, S.M., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of
leukemia and stomach neoplasms in Swiss, R.F., BALB/c and C3H
female mice by feeding N-(4,5-nitro-2~furyl-2-thiazolyl)acetamide.
Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320-2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitrofurans, Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC,
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Glycidaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Davis, K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrin, dieldrin,
heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide for two years. Internal FDA
memorandum to Dr. A.J. Lehman, July 19.
Epstein, S.S. 1976. Carcinogenicity of heptachlor and chlordane.
Sci. Total Environ. 6: 103-154,
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassay of Heptachlor for
Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
9, DHEW No. (NIH) 77-809.
Reuber, M.D. 1977. Histopathology of carcinomas of the liver in
mice ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide. Exp. Cell. Biol.
45: 147-157,
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogenicity Assessment of Chlordane and
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Washington, DC. OHEA-C-204.
D-125
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Heptachlor
Davis, K.J. 1965, July 19. Pathology report on mice fed aldrin,
dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide for two years.
Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J. Lehman.
Velsicol Chemical Corporation. 1973,
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cabral, J.R.P., P. Shubik, T. Mollner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic
activity of hexachlorobenzene in hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA, 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-1. PB86-
117777.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexach 1 orobutadiene
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, G.C. Jersey et al. 1977, Results of a
two-year chronic toxicity study with hexachlorobutadiene in rats.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Hexachlorobutadiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and. Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-8Q-OS3. NTIS PB 81-117640.
D-126
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobuta-
ciiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-alpha
Ito, N. , H. Nagasaki, M. Aria, et al. 1973. Histological and
ultrastructural studies on the hepatocarcinogenicity of benzene
hexachloride in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51s817-826.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexaehlorocyclohexane-beta
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. Toxicology of deldrin (HEOD)
II. Comparative long-term oral toxicity studies in mice with
dieldrin, DDT, phenobarbitone, beta-HCH and gamma-HCH. Food
Cosmet. Toxicol, 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
HexachlQrocyolQhexane, gamma (Lindane)
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. The toxicology of dieldrin
(HEOD). II. Comparative long-term oral toxicity studies in mice
with dieldrin, DDT, phenobarbitone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC, Food
Cosmet. Toxicol, 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lindane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-127
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^technical
Munirf K.M. , C.S. Soman and V. Samati. 1983. Hexachlorocyclo-
tumorlgenlcity in mice under different experimental
conditions. Tumorigenicity. 69: 383-386.
U.S. 1987. and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office,, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ™
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
MCI (National Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Hexachloro-
ethane for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 68, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-1318.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Chlorinated Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane.
Prepared by Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
Office of Emergency Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hexachloroethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Biancifiori, C. 1970. Hepatomas in CBA/Cb/Se mice and liver
lesions _in golden hamsters induced by hydrazine sulfate. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 44: 943.
MacEwen, J.D., E.H. Vernot, C.C. Haun, E.R. Kinkead and A. Hall,
III. 1981. Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Hydrazine: Oncogenic
Effects, Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-
Patterson Air Force Base, OH. NTIS
D-128
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington,, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990a, Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information (IRIS).
Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,, Environ-
mental Criteria Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
(l,.2.,3-c,d)pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NTP (National Toxicology Program), 1986. Toxicology carcino-
genesis studies of isophorone (CAS No, 78-59-1) in F344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291,
(NIH) 86-2547.
U.S. EPA, 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Isophorone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone,
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Lead.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead, Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-129
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Linuron
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
MethQ.xych.Xojc
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methoxychlor . Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) .
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Methoxy-5-"nitroaniIine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 5-nitro-o-
anisidine for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 127. 123 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methoxy-5-nitroaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2 -Methyl aniline
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rivenson and E. Fiala. 1982.
Comparative carcinogenicity of o-toluidine hydrochloride and o-
nitrotoluene in F-344 rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methylaniline and 2-Methylaniline Hydrochloride. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
_
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rivenson and E. Fiala. 1982.
Comparative carcinogenicity of o-toluidine hydrochloride and o-
nitrotoluene in F-344 rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2--
Methylaniline and 2-Methylaniline Hydrochloride. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4.<..4-Methylenebis benzelamine
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of 4, 4-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
mice (drinking water studies). NTP-81-143 NIH Publ. No. 83-2504.
NTP-TR-248.
D-130
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzelamine, 4 , 4-Methylenebis. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Kommineni, c. , D.H. Groth, I.J. Frockt, R.W. Voelker and R.P.
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4 , 4 '.-Methvlene-bis (N,N' -dimethyl ) aniline
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4 , 4 ' -Methylene-bis (N,Nf -dimethyl) aniline. Prepared by the Office
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D-131
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
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of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-
82-004FF. NTIS PB 86-123742.
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Methylhydrazine
Toth, B. and H. Shimizu. 1973. Methyl hydrazine tumorigenesis in
Syrian golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant histio-
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2-Methyl_~5-n_itroaniline
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 5-nitro-o-
toluidine for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep.
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Mi rex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NTP Technical Report on
the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Mirex (CAS No. 2385-
85-5) in F344/N Rats. NTP TR 313 (March, 1987 draft), NIH Publ.
No. 87-2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mirex. Prepared
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Niagara Blue 4B
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Niagara Blue 4B. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
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Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Chovil, A., R.B. Sutherland and M, Halliday. 1981. Respiratory
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327-333.
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Enterline, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Mortality among workers in
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Human Environment: Proceedings of a Joint Symposium, March, 1983.
IARC Scientific Publ. No. 53. IARC, Lyon, France. p. 36-46.
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by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-012F. NTIS PB 86-232212.
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Erturk, E., J.E. Morris, S.M. Cohen, et al. 1970. Transplantable
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
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2-Nitropropane
Lewis, T.R., C.E. Ulrich and W.M. Busey. 1979. Subchronic
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D-133
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N~Nitrosoai-n-butylamine
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Lijinsky, W. and R.M. Kovatch. 1985. Induction of liver tumors
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Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. Nitrosamine
carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16
different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water
of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the
effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats,
mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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N-Nitrosodiroethylamine
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. Nitrosamine
carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16
different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water
of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the
effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats,
mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-665.
D-134
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U.S. EPA, 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment^ Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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M~MitrQ3Q<3iphenylamine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of N-nitrosodi-
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carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16
different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water
of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the
effect of age of starting 3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats,
mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
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U.S. EPA. 1986a, Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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methylamine. Online. (Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
U.S. EPA, 1987. Health Effects Assessment for N~Nitrosodiphenyl-
amine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
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Online, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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D-135
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U.S. EPA, 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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U.S.. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment,, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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i
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1989, Technical Report on the
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D-137
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U.S. EPA. 1984, Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
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Polybrgminated biphenyls C PBBs)
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
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Norback, D.H. and R.H. Weltman. 1985, Polychlorinated biphenyl
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Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Dunkelberg, H. 1982. Carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide and 1,2-
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D~13!
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propylene Oxide, Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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BRL (Bionetics Research Laboratories). 1968. Evaluation of
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NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. National Cancer Institute
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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2.,.3,7,8-TCDD
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, J.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
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the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA, 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-194-I. NTIS PB 86-117983.
D-140
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U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated
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1,1,1 , 2-TetraohlorQ.ethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of 1,1, 1,2-tetrachloroethane (CAS No. 630-20-6) in F344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-81-53; NIH Publ. No. 83-1793;
NTP Technical Report Seroes No. 237. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
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Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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1t 1 , 2 ,. 2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
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Chlorinated Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
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Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
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Tetrachloroethylene .......... (Perchlorgeth.ylen.e.)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassay of tetrachloro-
ethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4) for possible carcinogenicity. NCI
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ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC,
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) : Updated Carcinogenicity
Assessment. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-82/005FA.
External Review Draft.
D-141
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chloroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO™CIN-H009a,
Fukada, K.S., Matsashita and K. Takemotol . 1979. Carcinogenicity
of p-chlorobenzotrichloride, Proc of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
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Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
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NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Tetrachior-
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of 2 ,4-diamino-
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vinyl chloride
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D-146
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