United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region V
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
August 1979
SEFft ENVIRONMENT
ERIE:
A New U.S. Source
of Natural Gas?
(Story on page 12)
-------
A one-of-a-kind musical comedy program that looks at environment, energy growth, and de-
velopment is playing cities and towns throughout the Ohio River Valley this summer.
"Live! On the River," produced by the Cincinnati Institute, with assistance from the 'Mead
Johnson Foundation and EPA, will play over 70 performances in 35 river valley communities this
summer, according to Project Director Bob Robbins.
"We want to talk to the people 17
People ;:'.;.':.... 20
Construction Grants M. .! ! . 21
Federal Register 22
EIS,NOVs v .A.!.. 23
Calendar ".' 24
i i
Val Adamkus ; Deputy Regional Administrator
Frank Corrado } ,-. , ..Public Affairs Djrector
R. John Rapsys ,. Editor
Leah Wilson Graphic Designer
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
A Slick Solution
For Used Motor Oil
by Marjorie Borchard
Used motor oil—that dirty, slimy
black stuff you drain out of your car's
crankcase. What do you do with it?
Many States are hoping you'll
recycle your used motor oil. Currently,
18 States have used-oil recycling
programs, although the programs vary
somewhat from State to State. While
some States have legislation regarding
the recycling of oil, others conduct
their programs on a voluntary basis.
Some States have one or two oil re-
refiners or reprocessers; others have
haulers who sell the oil without re-
refining it.
But the important point is that used
motor oil can be recycled, virtually
forever. As the Association of
Petroleum Refiners says, "Lubricating
oil never wears out—it just gets dirty!"
Not only does recycling motor oil keep
it out of the ground and water, but it
also reuses a valuable resource. With
rising prices and current shortages of
oil, it makes sense to recycle all the oil
we can.
Just how much oil is out there,
available for recycling? According to
the American Petroleum Institute
(API), about 190 million gallons of oil is
generated each year by do-it-
yourselfers who change their own
motor oil. While some of this oil is
recycled—either through re-refining or
through use as a fuel or lubricant-
most of it is dumped in sewers, in
drivew"ays, in trash cans, or even in the
neighbor's backyard. Each year, as
more and more people decide to
change their own motor oil, this
amount of used, potentially recyclable
oil will increase.
Re-refined oil can be just as good as
new oil, and even the API agrees. In
Germany, where a government sub-
sidized oil recycling'program recovers
70 percent of the used motor oil, each
new Mercedes-Benz contains re-
refined oil. In Minnesota, the State's
only re-refiner has used the stuff in his
Lincoln Continental for years and
swears by it.
Minnesota law requires all retailers
EM/AUGUST 1979
State law and a public
education program team
in Minnesota to
give old oil new life
up
who sell motor oil to either provide a
collection, tank for the deposit and
collection of used oil, or to post a
notice indicating the- nearest oil collec-
tion site.
Although there is no exact count on
the number of used-oil collection sites
in Minnesota, they can generally be
found at most service stations that
change oil, at discount stores, at su-
burban shopping malls, and at multi-
material recycling centers. There are
also a number of State and city gov-
ernment garages that provide oil col-
lection sites for the public.
The used oil is then picked up by the
State's 15 private oil haulers for fuel or
lubricating purposes. In Minnesota, a
large portion of the collected oil is used
to lubricate railroad or farm machinery.
Although little oil is re-refined for sale
to motorists in Minnesota, this is a
growing trend in many other States.
The Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency (MFCA) has promoted an
education program to encourage the
public to recycle their used oil. Recen-
tly, the MPCA used TV news coverage
and newspaper articles to pubicize the
program, which resulted in over 200
telephone calls from citizens with
questions about oil collection sites.
Many people said they were glad to
hear about the program, as they had
been saving their old oil and didn't
know what to do with it.
Besides Minnesota, two other EPA
Region V States—Illinois and Michigan
— have statewide motor oil recycling
programs. A fourth, Indiana, plans to
begin such a program this month. Ohio
and Wisconsin do not have State-
sponsored recycling programs,
although some private recycling does
occur there.
For more information on used oil
recycling, please contact Marjorie Bor-
chard, Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency, (612) 296-7294. &
Marjorie Borchard is a Public In-
formation Officer with the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency.
-------
getting hazardous
wastes in hand
Minnesota Regulates
After three years of study, public
hearings, and considerable input from
industry and environmental groups,
Minnesota's comprehensive hazardous
waste regulations came into effect pn
June 16.
Thus Minnesota has joined about a
dozen other States with regulations on
the books that come to grips with the
management of hazardous wastes —
ranging from oil and paint wastes to
cyanide and poly chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs).
Minnesota's regulations are
designed to monitor and control hazar-
dous wastes by giving complete
"cradle to grave" responsibility to the
generators of such wastes, subject to
review by the Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency (MPCA). This means
that it is up to the waste generator to
ensure that its wastes are transported,
stored.and ultimately delivered to a
permitted processisng or disposal
facility.
One of the key provisions of the new
regulations is the requirement that in-
dustries submit detailed disclousure
forms describing all hazardous wastes
they generate. This information is vital
to MPCA for the development of a
long-term hazardous waste
management plan for the State.
"Until now, there has been no
uniform, in-depth method to gather in-
formation on exactly how much and
what type of hazardous wastes exist in
Minnesota," said Marjorie Bor-
chard, Public Information Officer with
MPCA. "All we knew is that in Min-
nesota, as elsewhere in the country,
chemicals were being dumped illegally,
causing pollution of the surrounding
land, water, and air," she said.
Once hazardous wastes are iden-
tified, proper containers and labelings
must be used, according to the new
regulations. Each container of waste
requires shipping papers to accompany
it from the location where the waste is
generated, through the shipping
process, and then to the waste's final
disposal point. Shipping papers also in-
clude instructions on what to do in
case of a spill.
"Each year, Minnesota industries
produce an estimated 128,000 tons of
hazardous wastes," said Borchard.
"Some of these dangerous materials
are properly disposed of, but MPCA is
unable to determine where 57 percent
of these wastes end up. It can be safely
assumed that each year thousands of
tons are illegally dumped into sewers,
lakes, rivers, and into the ground."
The new Minnesota regulations
\
require industries to dispose of their
hazardous wastes at a permitted
facility. "Aside from a few private in-
dustry sites, there are currently no per-
mitted hazardous waste disposal or
processing sites in the State. Those
that, exist are owned by a few oil re-
refiners. Plus, there are two large on-
site facilities: one owned and used ex-
clusively by the 3M Company, and the
other by the Federal Cartridge Com-
pany," Bochard said. Nearly 16 percent
of Minnesota's hazardous wastes is
shipped to other States, such as Il-
linois, she said.
The regulations create an incentive
for private industry to develop safe,
permitted hazardous waste
management sites, MPCA said. In ad-
dition, they are also expected to cause
a reduction in hazardous waste
generation.
"Since the new regulations require
industry to bear long-term liability for
improper disposal, it .will eventually
become more economical to find ways
to reduce or recycle hazardous wastes
whenever possible," Borchard said.
The MPCA staff has planned a series
of workshops and meetings with in-
dustry representatives, to launch a
cooperative effort of managing the
State's hazardous wastes. MPCA will
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
"Each year, Minnesota industries produce
an estimated 128,000 tons of hazardous
waste...each year thousands of tons are
illegally dumped into sewers, lakes, rivers,
and into the ground."
"Cradle to Grave" Concept Introduced
Hazardous
work with industries to gather in-
formation needed to properly plan
for the treatment, recycling or disposal
of these wastes, and to assess training
needs for hazardous waste handlers
and transporters.
States which do not develop hazar-
dous waste regulations that are at
least as stringent as upcoming Federal
rules.will have their hazardous wastes
managed directly by EPA.1
The proposed EPA regulations will
govern wastes that are determined to
be either corrosive, carcinogenic, flam-
mable, explosive or otherwise harmful
to human health or to the environment.
A by-product of many manufacturing
processes, hazardous wastes are cre-
ated by the production of such diverse
items as telephones, TV sets, books,
automobiles, newspapers, clothes, and
processed foods.
EPA has been providing grant
support and technical assistance for
several years to help MPCA in the
development of these new regulations.
f%
* Information for this article was
provided by the Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency (MPCA).
Open-air dumps containing hazardous wastes, such as at PCI in Shakopee, near Minneapolis (above),
and at Arrowhead Refining in Duluth (below), present a danger to health and the enviroment. They
are constant eyesores as well.
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
New Technique "Fingerprints" Air Particles
What fingerprinting of people has
done for crime detection, •"finger-
printing" of air particles now promises
to do the same for pinpointing the
often elusive sources of air pollution.
A new technique, known as Sus-
pended Particle Evaluation and Class-
ification (SPEC), identifies the indi-
vidual air particle and — more impor-
tant — tells where that particle came
from: an electric generating plant,
quarry, steel mill, or any other source.
"The bottom line is effective control
of air pollution," said Edward Fasiska,
president of Material Consultants El-
Laboratories (MCL). "But first comes
source identification — we must know
where all. that pollution is coming
frrom."
Fasiska founded MCL in Monroe-
ville, Pa., nine years ago and personally
conceived the idea of "fingerprinting"
air particles. But to turn the idea into
an effective technique, he needed help.
Luckily, help was readily available at
the U.S. Steel Research Laboratory
nearby. He teamed up with Dr. Richard
Lee of U.S. Steel to develop the tech-
nology that evolved into SPEC.
Fasiska, who has a Ph.D. in crystallo-
graphy, went to the Allegheny County
Bureau of Air Control about a year ago
and applied the SPEC technique for
the first time. In that study he found to
his surprise that air pollution in Al-
legheny County came mostly from
dust particles rather than industrial
sources, as he first suspected.
All told, Fasiska completed about
100 environmental studies, helping
small businesses in the Pittsburgh area,
6
including helping the City of Pitts-
burgh with the State Implementation
Plan for clean air. It has been presumed
that most air pollution comes from
industry sources, said Fasiska. But,
as his SPEC technique demonstrated,
Fasiska found that only about half of
the total air pollution came from local
industry. The other half came from
such non-point sources as road dust
or agricultural soil particles.
The SPEC "fingerprinting" tech-
nique consists of identifying thousands
of air particles, one by one. Size,
shape, chemical, and other character-
istics are then stored into computers
for ready reference. Two types of air
samples are collected on filter media,
or thin sheets of film: one comes frdm
the surrounding air of a region, the
other from a suspected source of
pollution. By matching the character-
istics of the two samples, scientists
can tell what pollutants are in the air,
where they come from, and how much
pollution comes from the suspected
source.
To identify the air particles, the
SPEC technique uses a scanning
electron microscope, an X-ray fluore-
scent chemical analyzer and an X-ray
defractor, plus two computers. With
these tools, scientists are able to
identify, or "fingerprint," air particles,
even those invisible to the naked eye.
Robert K. Stevens, chief of the
inorganic pollutant analysis branch
at EPA's laboratory in Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C., said: "EPA's major
thrust is toward quantitative analysis
- to identify as many sources of pol-
R. John Rapsys
lution as possible. In. that respect, the
SPEC technique certainly helps.
"With SPEC," he said, "we are not
jumping off into the dark when we say
that in a certain area 10 to 20 percent
of air pollution comes from auto ex-
haust, 10 to 40 percent from com-
bustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil), and
the balance from a combination of
industrial, agricultural, and natural
sources, .such as windblown dust."
But he added, "No single technique
can be expected to do all things; there
has to be a combination of analytical
methods." There must also be a
change in the sampling method, he
said. "We must have a lot more air
samples to look at."
Up to now, EPA has been using the
bulk analysis technique for identifying
pollutants in the air.' However, this
technique needs to be modified, Ste-
vens said, so that an air sample may be
collected and analyzed directly by the
scanning electron microscope and
other instruments right on the filter.
This is different from the SPEC tech-
nique, which requires the transfer of
the air sample from one filter to an-
other, Stevens explained.
The idea, he said, is to use both the
SPEC technique and the bulk analysis
technique, so that they could comple-
ment each other.
Fasiska's laboratory (MCL) pre-
sented the new SPEC technique at an
EPA seminar earlier' this year. "The
unique thing about SPEC is that it's
an automated procedure capable of
analyzing hundreds of air samples
instead of the usual two or three,"
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
Source identification is the key
said Stevens. The laboratory is not
under EPA contract now, but MCL
hopes to get one within the next year
or so.
Besides having been used in the
Pittsburgh area, the SPEC technique
is scheduled to analyze air pollution
around Philadelphia, Denver, Huston,
and Champaign, III. Here, too, dich-
otomous (two-part) samples will be
taken: one from the general air, one
from a suspected pollution source.
"Once we receive the air samples,
we'll be able to identify sources of
urban and nonurban pollution right
here in North Carolina, without actually
going to the areas concerned," said
Stevens.
Initially, all air samples will come to
Research Triangle Park in North Carol-
ina. They will then be sent to Fasiska's
laboratory or similar ones for sub-
sequent analysis, Stevens said.
"By 1980-81, we will probably be
analyzing air samples from urban areas
all across the country," he said. "By
then, it should be possible to trace
many — if not all — sources of pollu-
tion, especially those particulates that
stay suspended in the air for many
hours."
The SPEC technique promises to
benefit the industry as well, said Fasis-
ka. Industry has spent money on pollu-
tion controls that have not always
worked perfectly, but with information
from SPEC, companies will now be
able to allocate their pollution controj
funds much more effectively, he saidsv
EM/August 79
Peter Busech-Gary Aden/Arizona Stats
EPA Photos
Moonlike surface (top) is actually
a greatly enlarged coarse air
particle fraction. Each air particle
has a unique composition that
helps identify its source. Three
automated and one manual dich-
otomous samplers (above) were
used by EPA to study sources
of air pollution in the Smoky
Mountains. EPA scientist Roben
K. Stevens (left) with an X-ray
fluorescence instrument used to
analyze air particles.
R. John Rapsys is a writer with
EPA Region V and editor of
Environment Midwest.
Cartoon: Bob Nagel
-------
Monitoring Air Pollution
PSI aims at a common denominator
••• •"•*&
By Kent Kozina
Henry Hartmann recently had open
heart surgery. His doctor told him that
from now on, ozone is one of his big-
gest enemies, and that he should avoid
it whenever possible. Hartmann'swife~
has respiratory problems which be-
come aggravated whenever ozone le-
vels are high.
The Hartmanns live about 10 miles
north of a major Midwestern city, in an
area frequently recording ozone levels
twice the national health standard. The
hartmanns want the most up-to-date
information they can find on ozone
levels in their community.
The city reports ozone levels hourly
by means of a recorded message,
which gives the latest measured con-
centrations of ozone in parts per billion
parts of air; it also gives the level of the
mann first listened to the message,
however, it left him confused.
"I found the report very interesting,"
Hartmann said, "but I didn't know
what all of it meant. If the reporter
levels are half the standard, for ex-
ample, should I just take it easy when
I go outside, or should I jump in the
car and get out of town?"
Hartmann is one of milions of
Americans suffering from car-
diovascular disease. His wife is one of
an estimated 10 million Americans with
8
asthma, chronic bronchitis, or em-
physema. These people are especially
susceptible to the five major air
pollutants: sulfur dioxide, suspended
particulates (dust), nitrogen dioxide,
carbon monoxide, and ozone. They
can perhaps benefit most from ac-
curate and understandable air quality
information.
Many air pollution monitoring agen-
cies use an air reporting system which
distills the technical measurements for
several of the pollutants into a single
number, or index. The index number
corresponds to a general description of
the air quality for that day, such as
"good", "fair", or "poor."
This has the benefit of interpreting
pollution measurements for those, like
Hartmann, who don't yet understand
how various levels of pollution can af-
fect their health.
In 1975, the Council on En-
vironmental Quality (CEQ) and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) surveyed the 55 largest air
pollution control agencies in the U.S.
and Canada. Thirty-three of those
agencies reported air quality levels
with some form of index — but no two
were exactly alike.
An index number of 100, for exam-
ple, could mean anything from "un-
satisfactory" air quality in Minneapo-
lis, Minnesota, to '''severe air pollution"
in Phoenix, Arizona, depending upon
the index calculation method and the
pollutants reported. In all the joint
CEQ/EPA survey found 44 different
descriptive words and 14 different in-
dex calculation methods in use nation-
wide.
consistencies among the different re-
porting methods, the survey recom-
mended a standardized air pollution re-
porting method which would meaning-
fully relate urban air pollution levels to
the public health.
Based on that recommendation,
EPA announced this spring new rules
for such a standardized nationwide
reporting system, known as the
Pollutant Standards Index (PSI).
According to the new rules,
authorized by Section 319 of the 1977
Clean Air Act 'Amendments, the PSI
must be used in all urban areas with
more than 500,000 population by 1981;
areas with more than 200,000
population must use the PSI by 1983.
The PSI works basically like this:
Each daily measured concentration of
each of the five major air pollutants is
divided by the short-term national
health standard for that pollutant,
yielding an index value for each
pollutant. The PS| is th^en reported as
the maximum of these values.
Local newpapers, radio, and
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
INDEX
VALUE
1
inn,,
n
AIR QUALITY
EPISODE LEVEL
^-SIGNIFICANT-
VA/ARNINH
MATION Al
HEALTH
STANDARDS
. 50% OF
HEALTH
STANDARDS
OZONE
LEVELS
(1 -hour),
ppm
T
nr
— O
HEALTH
EFFECT
DESCRIPTOR
H A7ARDni IQ
\
VERY
UNHEALTHFUL
UNHEALTHFUL
MODERATE
GOOD
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Premature death of ill and
elderly. Healthy people will
experience adverse symptoms
that affect their normal activity.
Premature onset of certain
diseases in addition to significant
aggravation of symptoms and
decreased exercise tolerance in
healthy persons.
Significant aggravations of
symptoms and decreased
exercise tolerance in persons
with heart or lung disease, with
widespread symptoms in the
healthy population.
Mild aggravation of symptoms in
susceptible persons, with
irritation symptoms in the healthy
population.
P
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
All persons should remain
indoors, keeping windows and
doors closed All persons should
minimize physical exertion and
avoid traffic.
Elderly and persons with existing
diseases should stay indoors and
avoid physical exertion. General
population should avoid outdoor
activity.
Elderly and persons with existing
heart or lung disease should stay
indoors and reduce physical
activity.
Persons with existing heart or
respiratory ailments should
reduce physical exertion and
outdoor activity.
:>m - parts per million
COMPARISON OF PSI VALUES WITH OZONE CONCENTRATIONS DESCRIPTOR WORDS
GENERALIZED HEALTH EFFECTS, AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
television stations pick up this air
quality information and include it in
their weather reports. Some air
jpollution agencies, like the one in Chic-
ago, report more frequently via taped
phohe messages.
At at minimum, the PSI report in-
cludes the geographic area monitored,
the pollutant with the highest mea-
sured concentration within the pre-
vious reporting period, the PSI number
(from 1 to 500), and a description of air
quality which corresponds to the PSI
number. When npore than one of the
five major pollutants violates the na-
tional health standards, each pollu-
tant is reported.
A typical report might contain the
following statement: "Today's air
quality index is 120, which is regarded
as unhealthful. The responsible
pollutant is ozone. This report repre-
sents conditions prevailing over most
of the suburban north side area for the
previous 24-hour period ending at
noon today." If the index were forecast
for the next day, the following ad-
ditional language might also be used:
"The current forecast is for improved
EM/AUGUST 1979
air quality tomorrow with the index not
expected to exceed 80."
According to Wayne Ott of EPA's
Office of Research and Development,
the public's response to the index has
been good. Ott, who was instrumental
in development of the PSI, said some
agencies nonetheless have been re-
luctant to use the index.
"Many agencies are afraid that if
they say the word 'unhealthful,' the
world will end," said Ott. "When the
PSI was presented in Mexico City, for
example, the local agency said it could
never do this, because if it said 'un-
healthful' on the public airwaves,
everyone would commit suicide. When
they tried it, however, they discovered
it was no problem at all."
In the Midwest, all major cities wih a
population of more than 500,000 now
use the PSI, except for Minneapolis-St..
Paul and Chicago. 'According to
spokesmen for the two State a«r
pollution control agencies, Illinois
will implement the PSI system state-
wide by January 1980, and Minne-
apolis will start using it before the
January 1981 deadline.
With the PSI in widespread use, per-
sons sensitive to air pollution can easily
interpret the effect of daily changes in
air quality on their health. Whether they
are in Los Angeles or New York City.
And with clearer information, citizens
can more easily monitor their ciW=
progress in the fight for cleaner air. n.
-------
LETTERS
Dear Editor:
Usually, I am thoroughly impressed with the
quality of work evidenced in the magazine, and ap-
preciate the interesting style in which it is conveyed.
However, I feel compelled to respond to two small
news items that appeared on page 19 of the June
1979 edition. In particular, the first news item refer-
ring to the Flambeau Mining case has several in-
accurate statements:
1. The out-of-court settlement "will delay develop-
ment of a copper mine." This is not true. The min-
ing company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ken-
necott Copper Corporation (which fact is impor-
tant), had determined some time ago that it would
not be mining in Wisconsin because of the current
low market price for copper. The court case had
nothing to do with that decision.
2. New mining legislation passed last year by the
State legislature precludes any mining permits
in the State until rules are promulgated by the
State agency to carry out the new law. Again,
entirely unrelated to the court case.
3. The company will "apply for new permits," as the
article states, but not as a result of the court
settlement; rather, because its prior permit
application was dismissed by a State hearing
examiner, which decision was affirmed "by a cir-
cuit court/
new environmental impact statement" is, again,
totally untrue and would lead the readers to be-
lieve that applicants prepare EISs. Now, as a
practical but illegal matter, that may be true in
some instances; as a general statement of the law,
clearly the EIS responsibility lies with the agency.
The sixth news item concerns the 7th Circuit Court
decision regarding the Milwaukee Metropolitan
Sewerage District mess:
1. The 7th Circuit did not rule that the city "does
not have to embark on a multi-million dollar pro-
gram to upgrade its sewage treatment system."
\ Quite the contrary. All but one of the lower court's
orders were vigorously upheld.
2. You mention that the case was brought by the
State of Illinois and was joined by the State of
Wisconsin, implying that both States were on the
same side. Again, this is totally untrue. Credit
should go where it is due, to Illinois, and not to the
State of Wisconsin.which intervened on the side
of the City of Milwaukee and fought the Federal
court decision. (Note also that if the State of Wis-
consin had enforced the applicable water laws in
Milwaukee for the past eight years, the State of
Illinois might not have had to go to court and
litigate for five years.)
Kathleen M. Falk
Genera/ Counsel
Wisconsin's Environmental Decade
4. The statement that the company "will prepare a
What do you think of the articles appearing in Environment Midwest? What kind of
articles would you like to see? Do you know something about local environmental
issues that we might not be aw'are of? Send us your comments, ideas, and
suggestions. As space permits, we'll include your comments in the "Letters" column.
— The Editor
FINDINGS OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
Project Location
Delphos, OH
Galesburg San. Distr., IL
Cottage Grove, Wl
Carmel, IN
Estimated
Project Cost "
Design $392,350
Construction $4,095,250
Construction $642,000
Design $82,800
Construction $542,000
Design $13,980
Construction $136,400
Potential EPA Share
Design $294,263
Construction $3,071,437
Construction $481,500
$468,600
Design $10,485
Construction $102,300
A Finding of No Significant Impact (FNSI)
is a notification to the public, prior to the grant
award, that EPA believes the project's environ-
mental impacts are not significant and that,
as a result, an Environmental Impact Statement
is not needed.
If you have comments or questions regarding
the above projects, contact Eugene Chaiken,
Chief, Facilities Planning Branch at EPA Region
Vofficesin Chicago 1312)353-2124.
OFF
THE PRESS
10
Environmental Hotline '79. The
7-page guide, published by EPA
Region V, fists telephone num-
bers for environmental emergen-
cies, names and phones of key
EPA Region V personnel, EPA
and other Federal^ agencies.
Regional commissions. State and
local government agencies,
citizen and environmental
groups, colleges and universities.
For easy reference, information is
grouped under six Region V
States: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and
Wisconsin. Available free from
U.S. EPA Region V, Office of
Public Affairs, 230 S. Dearborn
St., Chicago,IL 60604.
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
Around The Region...News...News...News...News
ILLINOIS
• By a vote of 77 to 69, the House
rejected a bill that would have banned
the shipment of spent nuclear
wastes into the State for storage.
•"Illinois is becoming the nuclear gar-
bage dump of the Nation," said Sen.
Charles Percy (R) as he registered his
opposition against Federal takeover of
the General Electric nuclear waste
storage facility near Morris.
• One man was killed and 18 others
hospitalized when toxic fumes escaped
from a leaking chlorine storage cylinder
at a smelter plant in East Alton.
•The Senate passed a hazardous
waste disposal bill by a vote of 49 to
2. Two sets of restrictions on the
location of hazardous waste landfills
were approved by the General Assem-
bly and sent to the Governor. Although
similar in most respects, the Senate bill
also requires the investigation of alter-
nate disposal methods and gives coun-
ty boards veto power over landfill
sites.
INDIANA
•A survey by the Department of
Natural Resources shows that since
1907 man has filled in 3,688 acres of
land along the Indiana shore of Lake
Michigan.
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ap-
proved a new port complex on the In-
diana shore of the Ohio River, east of
Jeffersonville. Dredging of the Ohio
to make room for barge anchorages
was also authorized.
•Sludge from sewage treatment is
no longer available to the residents of
Hammond. The sludge, commonly
used as garden fertilizer, showed
traces of cadmium and lead. Plot
enough to cause harm, but "we don't
want to take a chance," officials said.
•Indiana University .is conducting a
$60,000 State-funded study of Cedar
Lake to see if the lake can be restored.
More than 80 percent of the residents
approved some kind of effort to save
the lake. The study should be com-
pleted by November.
•The Indiana Stream Pollution Con-
trol Board approved the construction
of a, 42-inch sewer line between
Merrillville
-------
LAKE ER1
By Susan Nelson
It is not news that there are deposits
of natural gas beneath Lake Erie.
Canadian rigs began drilling for and ex-
tracting it early in this century,and they
began in earnest to withdraw
significant amounts of natural gas
during the 1950s.
What is news, especially during the
energy crisis, is a cooperative study by
EPA, the Army Corps of Engineers
(COE), and the Department of Energy
(DOE) that began quietly last year. Its
purpose is to take a careful, thorough
look at environmental and economic
issues involved in drilling for natural
gas before any more exploration oc-
curs beneath U.S. waters of Lake Erie.
(An invisible line stretches across the
Lake — see map — and forms the
U.S.-Canadian boundary)
Officially called "Assessment of the
Development of Natural Gas in U.S.
A drill bit used for natural-gas exploration,
shown approximately one-quarter size.
I -•»
Lake Erie," the study began last Sep-
tember and is scheduled to last 18
months.COE and EPA are funding the
study, which is divided into three
phases. Phase I ended in March; 3194-
page report, "An Examination of Issues
Related to U.S. Lake Erie Natural Gas
Development," has been prepared as a
result. (To receive a copy, write to Paul
J. Horvatin, U.S. EPA Great Lakes
National Program Office, 536 S. Clark
St., Chicago, IL 60605.)
Phase II of the project is now in
progress. It is a 6-month field study to
assess the environmental impacts such
drilling could be expected to have upon
Erie, the shallowest and most troubled
of the five Great Lakes. This phase is
being conducted by specialists from
Argonne National Laboratory, a DOE
facility. EPA specialists from the Great
Lakes National Program Office in
EPA Region V, Chicago, and spe-
cialists from COE's Buffalo, N.Y.
district are keeping in close contact in
order to draw their own conclusions.
An Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS), prepared by the COE, will result
from Phase II. EPA will draw up
guidelines based on the EIS. These
guidelines will govern development
that does occur, should environmental
studies now under way suggest that
natural gas development in U.S. Lake
Erie can be carried out without en-
vironmental danger. COE will use the
EIS in its imminent job of deciding
whether or not to grant construction
permits. Public hearings will be held
when the EIS is completed. Arrange-
ments will be announced when they
have been made.
The study is significant because it is
being done before an immediate need
for it exists. Although drilling is per-
mitted by New York, Ohio, and Penn-
sylvania (where limited exploration
has taken place), no one may drill
for gas beneath Lake Erie until af-
ter the EIS and guidelines are ready. At
this writing, no companies have appli-
ed for licenses to exploit for gas bene-
ath Lake Erie on the U.S. side. If any
should, they will require to await the
results of the 18-month study.
In other words, there cannot be any
drilling before mid-1980, and its doubt-
ful that any U.S. Lake Erie gas would
enter the market until after that time.
The study is also significant because
it is not limited only to the three U.S.
Government agencies. It also involves
cooperation fron Canada, which shares
cleanup of and concern for the Great
Lakes with the U.S. The international
Joint Commission • (IJC), the bi-
national body that oversees cleanup,
in 1970 advised against drilling, for
natural gas in the eastern section of
Lake Erie, east of a north-south line ex-
tending from Point Pelee, Ontario, to
Marblehead, Ohio. The lake botttom
east of that line is considered too un-
stable for such exploration — and too
likely to produce oil, which would be a
serious new source of pollution to
drinking water for millions of people.
Because the U.S. Government is
looking at the effects and methods of
drilling for gas, it only makes sense to
spend time on rigs that already are
Source of
EM/AUGUST
-------
IE:
a New
Scientists collect water samples for Phase II of the joint Federal study to assess possible effects of Lake Erie drilling.
U. S. Natural Gas?
GUST 1979
13
-------
A New Source of U.S. Natural Gas?
drilling. The Province of Ontario
welcomed U.S. specialists onto the
rigs they regulate so that they might
see what Canada has found to be the
most economical and environmentally
sound ways of extracting this valuable
source of natural energy.
EPA is involved in the study project
because it is concerned about what
such drilling could mean to Lake Erie
and to the Great Lakes ecosystem.
Effluents that are part of the drilling
cycle are of serious concern. Brines —
face in drilling are placed on
"shaleshakers," fine mesh screens that
both allow the rock chips to fall back
into the water and recycle the muds.
But a certain portion of these muds
adhere to the rock cuttings and
become an as-yet-undefined source of
pollution to the lake.
Sands that come up with the muds
are yet another concern. Because
natural gas is found beneath and
within sandstone and other soft rock
that lies hundreds or thousands of fpet
sediments, where contaminants as well
as underwater life are found.
To put these issues in their proper
perspective and to find answers to the
questions of most concern is the
reason for EPA's close tracking of
studies now being done.
Canada apparently feels it has
satisfactorily answered such questions.
By the end of 1977, more than 1,042
Canadian wells had been drilled
beneath Ontario's section of Lake Erie.
(Ontario is the only Canadian province
What is Natural Gas
By definition, natural gas is "a natural fuel con-
taining methane and hydrocarbons that occurs in
certain geological formations...either in the gaseous
phase or in solution with crude oil in natural un-
derground reservoirs."
Natural gas is highly flammable and nearly odorless
—the odor we smell in our house when it is escaping
has been added by gas companies to alert consumers
to any gas leaks,
Gas is an important source of fuel. Homes use it
for heat, heating water, and cooking, Industries use it
to fire the boilers that make steel, and for a host of
Other purposes.
It is not known for sure if gas, like oil, formed
during an organic or an inorganic process. The
inorganic theory holds that hydrogen and carbon
were brought together under great pressure and tem-
perature deep in the earth, and that the gas and oil
that resulted found their way through porous rocks
to collect in natural raps in the formation of the
earth,
The organic theory, held by most scientists, ex-
plains that the hydrogen and carbon needed to form
gas and oil came from the decay of tiny,ancient
plants and animals. Over a period of millions of years,
rivers that flowed down to the seas carried with them
great volumes of mud and sand that were spread out
by currents and tides over sea bottoms. New
deposits were distributed, and tides over sea bot-
toms. New deposits were distributed, and under in-
creasing weight of the new beds the ocean floors
slowly sank. This in time created sedimentary rocks
—sandstones and shales, limestones and dolomites.
— beneath and in which natural gas is found.
The tiny organisms that died and settled to the
bottom were buried and sealed off from the air. In
time, pressure and warm temperatures, bacteria and
chemical combinations of decaying produced both
natural gas and oil — S.M
salt water — can present greater
problems for both drinking water and
the living organisms in the lake than
was once thought.
, The clay and chemicals known as
"drilling muds" are another matter that
concerns EPA. These muds are pump-
ed forn the surface into the cores of
the bits that drill hundreds of feet
down into the wells, in order to
lubricate and cool the bits. Chips and
rock cuttings that are raised to the sur-
beneath the lake, sand would be a
natural by-product of gas drilling.
In the drilling process, strong acids
are used to dissolve rocks within
wells.These acids and other chemicals
are pumped into the wells in order to
extract more gas, and some of them
could accidentally be let out into the
lake.
Even changing 'the nature of the
lake bottom, however slightly, could
result in a resuspension of the
that borders Lake Erie—or any of the
Great Lakes.) Some 430 wells are
currently producing or awaiting hook-
up to produce gas for an underwater
collection system that includes some
200 miles of pipeline. Since 1971 Can-
adian wells have produced more than
113.7 billi«rr"cubic feet (bcf) of gas, at
an annual average rate of 5.6 bcf a
year. Ontario's success rate —gas
found in holes^ drilled—is 65 percent.
14
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
Two drill-rig workers at a site EPA visited operate equipment similar to that which would be used aboard rigs in U. S. Lake fyie.
The Canadian rigs that are being
studied in Phase II are rotary jack-up
rigs with floating drill ships. More than
95 percent of Canada's wells in the
lake are now being drilled by four
rotary units: Timesaver II, the Mr. Neil
(on the cover), Telesis, and the Mr.
Chris.
The Mr. Neil rig is 118 feet long and
50 feet wide. The rig is propelled, like a
boat/to the site of intended drilling,
with four legs up,When it is positioned
for drilling,legs are lowered and the rig
is raised automatically.Such rigs as the
Mr. Neil are capable of drilling in water
depths of up to 225 feet. (Lake Erie's
maximum depth is 210 feet.) When a
well has been drilled and gas found,
divers Connect pipes to it beneath the
water. The pipes are connected to
compressors on shore, which extract
the gas and force it into distribution
into distribution pipelines. They, in
turn, direct the gas to industry or to
homes.
Whether or not it will be decided
that U.S. waters of Lake Erie are wor-
thy of being explored and drilled for
natural gas remains to be seen. EPA
and COE are withholding judgment un-
til the EIS is completed.
And, if the EIS suggests that drilling
could be done without adverse en-
vironmental effects.upon Lake Erie, any
companies that decide they want to
explore for natural gas will face a two-
step process before they invest in rigs
and crews — after they are awarded
leases and other approvals by the ap-
propriate State.
First, they will be required to apply
for construction permits from the COE,
to get rigs out into the lake and to build
pipelines out to them. Second, they
wilLbe required to apply for NPDES
(National Pollutant Discharge Eli-
mination System) permits from the
State to prove to the State and to EPA
that whatever discharge associated
with the drilling they do will be en-
vironmentally sound.
The final question industry will have
to ask itself is whether or not the
drilling for natural gas beneath La,ke
Erie will be worth the expense required
to maintain whatever environmental
balance will be callen for—if that is
the recommendation of the 18-month
study.*!*
Susan Nelson is a Writer/Editor with
EPA Region V who specializes in Great
Lakes matters.
EM/AUGUST 1979
15
-------
How Much Gas Might There Be?
Researchers have been estimating possible re-
serves of natural gas beneath Lake Erie for years.
Total gas production for the three Lake1 Erie States
interested in gas drilling (Ohio, Pennsylvania, and
New York) in 1975 was 178.2 billion cubic feet (bcf),
with Ohio producing 85.8 bcf. This supply of natural
gas is from on-shore wells, which each of the three
States has. The State of Michigan opposes gas
drilling beneath its share of Lake Erie and the other
Great Lakes it borders.
Over a one-year period that ended in March 1978,
Ohio consumed more natural gas than did Pennsyl-
vania and New York combined. Ohio industries
consumed 74 percent of the State's total 100.5
bcf.
If drilling were permitted, estimates from the New
York State Energy Office (1977) and the Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources (Hurd and Kingston,
1978) respectively suggest that between 533 and 888
bcf might be produced over a 22-year period within
a 10-county area in the three States.
Hurd and Kingston, both Canadians, in 1978
placed Canadian and U.S. Lake Erie natural gas re-
sources at 1,000 bcf each. Canada, they said, has
already exploited 10 percent of that potential, and
they estimated that another 20 percent is extractable
with current knowledge. They also suggested that
50-90 percent of potential U.S. reserves could be
exploited with present knowledge.
U.S. Lake Erie gas was estimated in 1976 to repre-
sent between 0.2 and 0.4 percent of total proved
U.S. natural gas reserves.
If maximum production and natural gas deregula-
tion both occurred in 1985, a Stanford Research
Institute study has suggested that Lake Erie reserves
would account for about 1 percent of the reserves
estimated for a 1 3-State region.
Aboard a vessel drilling for natural gas, with drill-rig tower.
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
Environmental news briefs...briefs...briefs.
D
EPA Files Lawsuit Under RCRA
Against Cleveland Firm
EPA Region V Office in Chicago
went to court to clean up hazardous
wastes at the Chemicals & Minerals
Reclamation Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio.
A civil complaint and a motion for a
temporary restraining order (TRO)
were filed on EPA's behalf by the U.S.
Attorney for the Northern District of
Ohio against the firm in Cleveland. The
TRO, granted by the judge or July 11,
requires that the firm reduce the risk of
fire, explosion, and toxic fumes presen-
ted by several thousand carelessly
stpred hazardous waste drums on the
firm's property. The ultimate goal of
the lawsuit is the removal of all drums
and the safe disposal of hazardous
wastes in the drums.
This is the first case Region V EPA
filed under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) in which the
extraordinary remedy of the TRO was
sought.
State Clean Air Plans Rolling in:
EPA Approval Expected by Fall
In the Midwest, Indiana and Mich-
igan have submitted complete State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) for clean
air. Minnesota and Wisconsin have
submitted partial plans; and Ohio will
submit portions of its plan by the end
of August. Portions of the Illinois SIP
have appeared in the Federal Register
and are now open for approval. (See
following news brief.)
Under the 1977 Clean Air Act Amend-
ments, the deadline for SIP submission
was January 1, 1979 and the deadline
for SIP approval was Julyl, 1979. The
amendments also mandate that is-
suance of new-source construction
permits may be delayed on certain con-
struction projects in States that are
late with their plans. However, because
of "good-faith efforts of Midwestern
NPDES Violators in
the Midwest
Below are some of the more
serious violators of NPDES
permits. Formal Enforcement
actions have been initiated ag-
ainst them.
ILLINOIS
Commonwealth Edison Co.,
Joliet
Commonwealth Edison Co.,
Waukegan
Commonwealth Edison Co.,
Will County
Modern Plating Corp^
Freeport
SCM Corp., (Glidden Durkee
Division), Joliet
Caseyville Township
City of Chester
Wastewater Dischargers Fail to
Comply With NPDES Permits
Of the 1,075 major wastewater
dischargers in the six-State Midwest
Region, 394 (or 37 percent) were found
in violation of their National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NP-
DES) permits.
EM/AUGUST 1979
States in developing these clean air
plans, Federal funds for highways,
sewage treatment facilities, and other
projects will not by cut off," said EPA
'Region V Administrator John McGuire.
EPA Invites Public Comment
on Illinois SIP
EPA Region V has proposed to ap-
prove specific portions of the Illinois
draft State Implementation Plan (SIP),
after the public has had a chance to
comment on the SIP or on EPA's
proposal by August 30, 1979. Details of
EPA's decision on this plan were pub-
lished in the July 2, 1979 Federal
Register.
The SIP outlines how Illinois plans to
reduce air pollution to Federally ac-
ceptable levels by 1982, or in some
special cases by 1987. The two target
years are specified by the 1977 Clean
Air Act Amendments. The aim of
City of East St. Louis
City of Herrin
City of Pekin
INDIANA
Amoco Oil Co., Whiting
Bunge Corp., Clymers
Laketon Asphalt Refining Inc.,
Laketon
City of Charlestown
City of East Chicago
City of Elkhart
City of Plymouth
City of Portage
MICHIGAN
BASFWyandotteCo.,
Wyandotte
Lear Siegler, Inc., Mendon
National Standard Co., Niles
Muskegon County, Muskegon
City of Wyoming
The Quarterly Noncompliance
Report, released by EPA Region V Of-
fice, covered violations between
January 1 and March 31, 1979.
Violations ranged from failure to sub-
mit a discharge monitoring report to
failure to meet a construction
schedule. Violations of the final ef-
fluent limitations contained in the per-
Illinois and other State clean air plans is
to control the six most hazardous air
pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide,
particulates (smoke, dust, fly ash),
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
hydrocarbons.
Comments on the Illinois SIP or on
EPA's proposed action 'should be sent
by August 30 to: Maxine Borcherding,
U.S. EPA Region V, 230 S. Dearborn
St., Chicago, IL 60604. Comments are
especially solicited for those portions
of the SIP that EPA has proposed to
approve conditionally.
Copies of the Illinois draft SIP and
the July 2, 1979 ^FederalRegister are
available for public inspection at the
above EPA office. In addiition, the SIP
may be examined at Illinois EPA
headquarters, 2200 Churchill Rd.,
Springfield, IL 62706.' Copies of the
Federal Register may also be available
at certain law and public libraries.
MINNESOTA
Minnesota Power and Light Co.,
Aurora
S.B. Foot Tanning Co., Red Wing
City of Hutchinson
City of Moorhead
City of Rochester
OHIO
Chemlime Corp.'Lisbon
Standard Oil Co., Lima
Sun Oil Co., Toledo
City of Massillon
City of Mount Vernon
Summit County #6 Plant,
Hudson
WISCONSIN
Appleton Papers Inc., Appleton
Niagara of Wisconsin Paper Co.,
Niagara
City of Jefferson
mits were also cited.
Major violators by State are: Illinois,
152; Indiana, 22; Michigan, 71; Min-
nesota, 20; Ohio, 97; and Wisconsin,
32.
All NPDES permit violations are
being followed up with appropriate en-
forcement actions either by the States
or by EPA.
17
-------
briefs...briefs,..briefs. J
Hazardous Waste Enforcement and
Emergency Response System
Established
In July EPA announced the establi-
shment of a nationwide Hazardous
Waste Enforcement and Emergency
Response System to deal with hazar-
dous waste emergencies.
Part of the system is a National
Hazardous Waste Enforcement Task
Force and a new unit in the Oil and
Special Materials Control Division. The
Enforcement Task Force willcoordinate
Federal cleanup activities with its
regional offices and with the States, in-
cluding technical, scientific, and legal
support work.
The cleanup of hazardous waste
dump sites that threaten public health
has been assigned the "highest agency
priority," EPA headquarters said. EPA
has now identified 151 dump sites
nationwide that contain potentially
dangerous amounts of hazardous
wastes. Another 60 dump sites, also
presenting potential hazard to public
health and the environment, have been
just recently discovered.
EPA Launches Chemical
Substances Review Program
EPA began reviewing on July 1 new
chemical substances before they are
manufactured for commercial pur-
poses, to evaluate any possible risks
that such chemicals may present to
human health or the environment.
If great risks are present, EPA may
restrict the use of such chemicals, it
may control their production or use, or
it may seek an outright ban on produc-
tion through an administrative order or
court injunction.
The program, known "premarket
notification," is a major step in EPA's
efforts to control toxic substances.
EPA expects to receive about 400 of
these notifications during the next 11
months.
If EPA believes that it's not
necessary to regulate a chemical in any
way, the manufacturer may begin
production after the advance
notification period is complete, without
specific EPA approval.
For premarket notification forms and
instruction manuals, or further in-
formation.call EPA's Region V Toxic
Substances Office, Paul Meriage (312)
353-2291.
18
WHERE THE WASTES ARE: MIDWEST REGION STATUS REPORT
v^ ^X^^x 'k^A \aw\^''%. \ ^ X^1^ \
\\
EPA REGION V
3M
Woodbury Village, MN
American Recovery Co., Inc.
E. Chicago, IN
Ansul Chemical Co.
Marinette, WS
Arrowhead Refining Co.
Duluth, MN
Bofors Lakeway, Inc.
Muskegon, Ml
Byron Salvage
Ogle County, IL
Calumet Container
Hammond, IN
Cast Forge, Inc.
Howell, Ml
Central Landfill
Montcalm Co., Ml
Cherrington Scrap Metal
Oak Hill, OH
Chemical Mineral Reclamation
Cleveland, OH
Conservation Chemical Co.
Gary, IN
Fisher-Kalo Chemicals
Kingsbury, IN
Gratiot County Landfill
St. Louis, Ml
Hammer's Construction Co.
Perham, MN
Hooker Chemical Co.
Montague, Ml
Interstate Pollution Control
Rockford, IL
Kerr-McGee Disposal Site
West Chicago, IL
Laskin Greenhouse/Waste ON
Jefferson, OH
Lyles Trucking
Belleville, Ml
Mid-Co #1 and #2
Gary, IN
Musket Ranch & Trading Post
Anoka Co., MN
Pollution Controls Inc.
Shakopee, MN
Reilly Tar & Chemical Co.
St. Louis Park, MN
'• Robert Ross & Sons Inc.
Grafton, OH
Seymour Recycling Corp.
Jackson County, IN
Story Chemical Company
Muskegon Co., Ml
Summit National Services, Inc.
Portage Co., Ml
Tipton-Martin
Winnebago Co., IL
U.S. Drum
Chicago, 4L
Weisman Scrap Metal
Winona, MN
West K.L. Avenue Landfill
Kalamazoo, Ml
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EM/AUGUST .1979
-------
Environmental news briefs.,.briefs...briefs...
S...J
Lake Michigan Researchers
Find High Levels of Tin
Two scientist have found organic tin
compounds in southern Lake Michigan
that exceed the expected levels.
Dr. Thomas Tisue of Argonne
National Laboratory in Argonne,
Illinois, first came across evidence of
the compounds in 1975-76, when he
was testing and analyzing those waters,
for many trace elements. He routinely
sent results of his findings to Scripps
Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla,
California, where researchers noted
that levels of tin were very much higher
than those found in the oceans.
In September 1978 Dr. Tisue and Dr.
Vernon Hodge of Scripps went on a
research cruise in southern Lake
Michigan and took independent, con-
current core samples of the sediments.
They analyzed their samples by in-
dependent techniques in their respec-
tive laboratories and both found tin
levels at between 1 and 3 parts per
billion in the waters—roughly 1,000
times higher than levels found along
the seacoasts. Sediment samples from
the lake bottom showed con-
centrations of around 20 parts per
million.
The increase in levels of tin, par-
ticulary in the sediments, suggests that
man's activity is responsible: Sediment
samples dating from the 1800s show
only about 1 part tin per million.
The organic tin in question has
several things in common with lead,
another metal that has shown a
marked increase in the Great Lakes.
Tin compounds are used to control lar-
vae of the liver fluke and other pests,
and they are used in such products as
marine antifouling paint.
Dr. Hodge presented a paper on
these findings at the American
Chemical Society's annual meeting in
Honolulu, in May. In June Dr. Tisue
presented a paper at ACS's Great
Lakes regional meeting in Rockford,
Illinois.
Dr. Tisue emphasizes that "all work
at this point is preliminary and needs
substantiation. We need to make more
extensive measurements."
Argonne National Laboratory has a
continuing program grant from EPA to
cover research on toxic substances in
the Great Lakes.
Great Lakes Water Quality
Subject of 3-Day Conference
More than 200 scientists, environ-
mentalists, members of the news
media,.and the general public attend-
ed the annual Great Lakes Water
Quality Meeting of the International
Joint Commission (DC) July 9-11 in
Detroit. They heard that, while the
quality of the Great Lakes appears to
be improving, many problems continue
to pjague the world's most extensive
freshwater system.
The IJC, consisting of three
Canadian and three U.S. com-
missioners, is responsible for
monitoring water quality cleanup ef-
forts under the 1978 Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement between the two
countries. *.
Key topics reported on and
discussed were acid rain and toxic con-
tamination; long-range atmospheric
transport of such pollutants as PCBs;
human health effects of pollution in the
Great Lakes; phosphorus management
programs; and radioactivity levels in
the Lakes.
Reports of the conference are
available from the IJC. To receive
them, state areas of your interest and
address your inquiry to Patricia Bonner
at the IJC Regional Office, 100 Ouelet-
te Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9A 6T3.
Minnesota First State to Receive
OK for Pretreatment Program
Minnesota became the first State in
the Nation to receive EPA approval for
its proposed municipal wastewater
pretreatment and toxic substances
control program. The program, OK'd
by EPA in July, will supplement the
National Pollutant Discharge elimina-
tion (NPDES) program which Minne-
sota has been administering since
June 1974.
The pretreatment program, author-
ized by the Clean Water Act of 1977, li-
mits the types and amounts of pollu-
tants—particularly toxic substances—
that may be discharged by industries
into municial sewage treatment plants.
It also seeks to improve the recycling
and reclamation of industrial waste-
water and sludge.
While many municipalities have
existing pretreatment programs, it is
EPA's and Minnesota's intent to
upgrade and conform them to the NP-
DES program and to establish ad-
ditional programs where needed.
Together with NPDES program, the
pretreatment program will help assure
the control of toxic substance
discharges and provide better overall
wastewater control by bringing Min-
nesota's industrial dischargers into
compliance with Federal and State
water, air, and sludge standards and
regulations.
$1.6 Billion Hazardous Waste
"Superfund" Proposed
Calling oil spills and human exposure
to hazardous wastes two of the worst
pollution problems in the Nation,
President Carter asked Congress in
June to establish A $1.6 billion "super-
fund" to help clean up such pollution.
The fund, which will consist of
Federal money and fees on the oil and
chemical industry, would be built up in
EM/August 79
four years: $250 million the first year,
$375 million the second year, and $500
million in the third and fourth years.
The proposed legislation requires
that Govenment be notified of spills
and the presence of abandoned hazar-
dous waste sites. It would provide
emergency authority for the Govern-
ment to clean up and alleviate the im-
pact of spills and contain pollution at
waste disposal sites. Another provision
would alllow the Government to
recover clean up costs from those
responsible for creating pollution ha-
zards. Compensation to innocent vic-
tims of spills for property damage or,
for loss of income because of damage
to marine life is also provided.
Eighty percent of the fund would
come from fees paid by business and
industry; 20 percent from Government
approprations.
19
-------
Environmental news briefs...briefs...briefs
D
Stricter PCB Levels
Effective August 28
On June 28 the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) announced new,
lower allowable levels of PCBs (poly-
chlorinated biphenyls) for fish, poul-
try, and dairy products sold in in-
terstate commerce. The effective date
for the new requirements is August 28.
Allowable PCB levels for fish will be
lowered from 5 parts per million (ppm)
to 2 ppm; for milk and dairy products,
from 2.5 to 1.5 ppm; for poultry from 5
to 3 ppm; and for eggs, from 0.5 to 0.3
ppm.
In issuing its new, stricter levels,
FDA expressed concern about effects
on commercial as well as sports fishing
Alfred West
Alfred W. West, chief of the
Operational Technology Branch at
EPA's National Training and
Operational Technology Center in
Cincinatti, Ohio, received the
Distinguished Career Award for his
20
in the Great Lakes. "With few ex-
ceptions," the FDA said, "saltwater
species, which constitute most of the
fish in the American diet, are rarely
contaminated with PCBs. The highest
levels of PCBs are concentrated in
freshwater fish, such as coho and chin-
ook salmon from the Great Lakes,fresh
water trout and catfish." FDA estimat-
ed that there could be "a loss of about
$6 million worth of fish a year" that
cannot be sold under the new rules.
Commercial fishing has already been
severely set back as a result of the 5
ppm levels for PCBs, and most Great
Lakes issue advisories for persons who
catch and can be expected to eat Great
Lakes fish.
The International Joint Com-
mission's Great Lakes Water Quality
1978 Annual Report notes a contin-
uing decline of PCBs in eastern Lake
Michigan coho salmon. The decline is
not noted, however, in western Lake
Michigan cohos and in the other Great
Lakes whose fish or herring gull popul-
tions have shown PCB contamination.
Extensive monitoring of the Great
Lakes and their fish and wildlife con-
tinues. EPA, FDA, and State agencies
recommend that fatty portions of
Great Lakes fish be removed (see
diagram). Great Lakes fish weighing
more than 7 pounds may be expected
to have higher-than-allowed PCB con-
centrations.
PEOPLE
"outstanding contributions, leader-
ship, and dedication to the control
of water pollution." West, a
sanitary engineer, is retiring after 18
years with EPA and predecessor
agencies. He also holds the EPA
Gold Medal for Exceptional Service.
John T. Rhett. since 1973 EPA's
deputy assistant administrator for
Water Programs Operations, has
been nominated by President Carter
to the newly created post of federal
inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas
Transportation System. Rhett's new
duties will include supervising the
enforcement of all permits and other
authorizations issued by any
Federal agency relating to con-
struction of the 4,748-mile pipeline.
Dr. Vilma Hunt, deputy assistant
administrator of EPA, has been
promoted to direct all EPA health
research activities.
Warren L. Braun, Virginia State
Water Control Board, has been elec-
ted to serve a second year as chair-
man of the Ohio River Valley Water
Sanitation Commission (OR-
SANCO). Dr. Richard S.
Engelbrecht, professor of en-
vironmental engineering, University
of Illinois, will serve as vice chair-
man.
Gordon G. Robeck, director of
Drinking Water Research at the
EPA Environmental Research Cen-
ter in Cincinnati, received the
American Water Works
Association's highest award — the
Medal for Outstanding Service. It
was awarded for his role in
promoting the exchange of in-
formation on safe drinking water.
The American Water Works
Association (AWWA) honored two
other EPA scientists in Cincinnati.
Taking bows 'as co-authors of a
prize-winning technical paper are
Alan A. Stevens, chief of the Or-
ganic Control — Chemical Studies
Section, and Dr. James M. Sy-
mons, chief of the Physical and
Chemical Contaminant Removal
Branch. Their paper, "Measure-
ment of Trihalomethane and Pro-
cursor Concentration Changes,"
was cited by AWWA as the "most
notable contribution to the science
or practice of. water works develop-
ment as recorded in a publication."
Glen Sheppard, editor of the
North Woods Call in Charlevoix
County, Michigan, received the
$1,000 Ben East Prize for excellence
in conservation journalism. The
award was instituted three years
ago by the Michigan United Con-
servation Clubs. It also selected
Assistant State's Attorney General
Stewart H. Freeman as
Michigan's Conservationist of the
Year.
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
CD
O)
v—
i
03
3
8
Applicant Award Amount
ILLINOIS
Centralia * 9,675
Kankakee 40,350
Ogden 5,130
Western Springs 20,250
Dolton 10,575.
Richview 3,750
Gibson City 63,225
Oak Forest 73,500
Bismarck 16,125
North Riverside 14,400
Crystal Lake 30,000
Willow Hill 25,500
Phenix Township 2,250
Oquawka; 23,700
Murphysboro 39,375
Vernon 5,700
Dallas City 9,675
Schaumburg 145,650
Sterling 24,644
Annawan 3,075
Urbana-Champaign Sanitary District 7,500
Decatur Sanitary District 81,150
Oilman 41,475
Bloom Township Sanitary District 146,250
GlenEllyn 1,116,525
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Chicago 6,361
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Chicago 29,631
Downers Grove Sanitary District ' 83,949
Bureau 339,300
Casey 1,233,150
South Palos Township Sanitary District 162,075
Metropolitan Sanitary Egan
Dewatering Facilities 4,101,000
INDIANA
Indianapolis $ 50,325
Dunkirk 159,600
Jasonville 7,200
Richmond Sanitary District 213,600
Hamilton 2,282,320
Rising Sun 15,150
Delaware 202,200
Carlisle 1,097,025
St. John 3,710,175
Jasonville 1,089,225
Portland 2,676,075
Beech Grove 139,350
Anderson Township 1,139,925
MICHIGAN
Kent County $ 19,386
BranchCounty 26,475
Gumming Township 3,000
Watertown Township 10,200
Cass County 22,275
Detroit 2,833,500
Albert Township 39,750
Vicksburg 537,075
Hillsdale 33,149
White Cloud 10,969
Dewitt 10,575
Peck 2,449
Pewamo 1,335
Adams Twp-S. Range Sew. Auth. 253,425
Caro 206,250
Leelanau 7,499
Detroit 1,138,425
Oakland 121,050
Union Township 1,346,325
Genesee County 25,575
Potterville 8,475
Hart 29,399
Ludington 5,250
Calhoun County 30,675
White Cloud 3,363,300
Ottawa 2,441,550
Nashville 2,838,950
1,105,650
9,802,800
Coopersville
Kalamazoo Township
Date
6/19
6/8
6/13
6/25
C /1Q
6/23
6/28
c/no
D/Zo
6/28
6/28
fi/n
u/ 10
fi/9R
vltCO
6/28
fi/19
O/ I i,
c/ork
6/29
e/no
D/xb
R/9«
O/«.Q
fi/19
Q/ IZ
6/28
6/5
R/9K
D/ZQ
c/o
D/O
C/-1Q
o/iy
fi/9~7
D/Z/
fi/OK
D//O
fi/fl
u/o
R/R
O/D
6/4
6/8
6/27
6/28
C/OQ
Q/^y
c /no
O/ZO
6/8
6/29
6/25
6/25
6/25
6/12
6/25
6/29
6/28
6/29
6/29
6/26
6/29
6/6
6/27
6/29
6/29
6/12
6/28
6/29
6/19
6/26
6/19
6/8
6/19
6/15
6/26
6/28'
6/27
fi/4
D/*T
R/1Q
D/ la
fi/A
D/H
6/29
6/27
6/22
fi/57
W/A/
c/nc
W/&JJ
e/OQ
D/Zi?
fi/OQ
D/A9
fi/9Q
\3tfa
C/TQ
b/^3
A/OO
O/Z9
Applicant Award Amount
Gun Plain Township
Rockford
Martin
MINNESOTA
Norwood
Monticello
Waseca
Pelican Rapids
Spring Valley
Metro Waste Control Commission
Chatfield
Shafer
Vergas
Wykoff
Middle River
Walnut Grove
Cyrus
Waldorf
Round Lake
Hancock
Hills City
Wabasso
Hutchinson
Avoca
Northfield
Brainerd
St. Joseph
Caledonia
Two Harbors
Metro Waste Control Commission
Metro Waste Control Commission
Red Wing
Brainerd
Metro Waste Control Commission
OHIO
Erie County $
Muskingum County
New Concord
Green Camp
Tiffin
Fostoria
Vermilion
Marysville
Delphos
Unio polls
Eaton
Uniopolis
Columbus
Rutland
Erie County
Liberty Center
Lorain
Ft. Loramie
New Holland
Solon
Ashley
Clermont County
Carlisle
Waterville
Trenton
Xenia
Xenia
Urbanna
Warren Water Authority
Yorkville
WISCONSIN
Blue River $
Darlington
Brookfield
Centuria
Appleton
Sturgeon Bay
Poygan Sanitary District
Poplar
• Kiel
Madison Metropolitan Sanitary District
Somerset
Durand
Elroy
1,293,075
161,625
1,480,050
$ 3,600
2,925
21,750
900
9,750
39,675
18,600
8,325
12,525
15,825
15,300
, 24,450
20,700
28,800
22,575
26,850
23,250
24,600
66,675
22,350
17,625
34,950
525
5,625
34,950
239,250
31,575
3,375,750
6,344,350
505,297
12,375
337,500
3,000
750
22,350
80,520
21,375
17,475
131,775
450
18,300
1,500
180,000
19,725
693,975
41,850
2,214,450
4,500
507,150
10,050
23,775
6,450,825
482,475
29,850
138,540
2,652,450
1,538,700
182,025
292,950
550,950
11,850
55,650
300,600
150
252,125
48,842
18,900
12,000
14,325
95,325
2,925
94,575
7,875
EM/AUGUST 1979
Date
6/26
6/29
6/26
6/29
6/22
6/29
6/22
6/7
6/19
6/29.
6/27
6/27
6/26
6/26
6/27
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/26
6/28
6/29
6/27
6/12
6/7
6/4
6/12
6/25
6/27
6/25
6/29
6/29
6/25
6/27
6/8
6/25
6/4
6/6
6/27
6/4
6/19
6/20
6/8
6/29
6/19
6/19
6/25
6/12
6/7
6/8
6/8
6/4
6/8
6/14
6/8
6/25
6/25
6/25
6/26
6/26
6/26
6/26
6/26
6/7
6/7
6/26
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/20
6/20
6/7
6/7
6/7
6/29
6/20
21
-------
FEDERAL REGISTER
May 23,1979 — Rules: Grants; State and local
assistance: Water quality planning,' management
and implementation. Proposed Rules: Air qua-
lity implementation plans; approval and promul-
gation; various States, etc.: Montana. Texas.
Air quality implementation plans; delayed com-
pliance orders: Connecticut (2 documents).
Kentucky. Notices: Air pollution; ambient air
monitoring reference and equivalent methods
applications, etc.: Model 8850 Fluorescent
Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer Pesticide applicator
certification and interim certification; State
plans: North Dakota. Pesticides; experimental
use permit applications: 1-(4)Chlorophenoxy)-
3,3-dimethyl-1-(1W-1,2,4-trizol-1-yl)-2-butanone.
Chlorothiophus. Water pollution control: Data
collection; schedule of surveys. May 24,1979 —
Proposed Rules: Air quality implementation
plans; approval and promulgation; various
States, etc.: California (3 documents), Connecti-
cut, Tennesee, Washington. Notices: Meetings:
Science Advisory Board. Radioactive contamina-
tion from specified foreign nuclear detonations.
Federal responses; multiagency memorandum
of understanding. May 25, 1979 - Rules: Air
quality control regions; criteria and control
techniques: Pennsylvania attainment status
designations; hearings. Air quality implementa-
tion plans; delayed compliance orders: Maryland.
Proposed Rules: Air quality implementation
plans; approval and promulgation; various
States, etc.: Minnesota. Ohio. Air quality imple-
mentation plans; delayed compliance orders:
Kansas. Notices: Air quality implementation
plans; approval and promulgation: Prevention of
significant air quality deterioration (PSD); peti-
tions for review (2 documents). Environmental
statements; availability, etc.: Agency statements;
weekly receipts. Meetings: State FIFRA Issues
Research and Evaluation Group. Pesticides;
experimental use permit applications: Agro-
bacterium radiobacter, etc. Toxic and hazardous
substances control: Premanufacturing notifi-
cation requirements and review procedures;
interim policy statement; review by Executive
Office of the President. May -29, 1979 — Pro-
posed Rules: Air quality implementation plans;
approval and promulgation; various States,
etc.: Maine. Rhode Island. Air quality implemen-
tation plans; delayed compliance orders: Kansas.
Notices: Air quality implementation plans;
approval and promulgation: Fall River, Mass.;
sewage sludge incinerator; PSD permit. Improv-
ing Government regulations. Meetings: Innova-
tive and alternative technology assessment
manual. Scientific Advisory Board. May 30,
1979 — Proposed Rules: Noise abatement
programs: Transportation equipment; interstate
rail carriers; extension of time. May 31,1979 —
Rules: Air quality implementation plans; delayed
compliance orders: Nebraska. Toxic substances:
Polychlorinated biphenyls; exemptions from
processing and distribution in commerce pro-
hibitions; procedural rules. Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls; manufacturing, processing, distribution
in commerce, and use prohibitions. Proposed
Rules: Air pollutants, hazardous; National
emission standards, etc.: "Commenced"; defi-
nition. Air quality control regions; criteria and
control techniques: Attainment status designa-
tions; Ohio. Air quality implementation plans;
delayed compliance orders: Alabama. Iowa.
Kansas. North Dakota. West Virginia. Toxic
Substances: Chlorofluoroalkanes, fully halogen-
22
ated; inkless fingerprinting systems exemption.
Polychlorinated biphenyls; chemical waste land-
fill criteria. Polychlorinated biphenyls, importa-
tion and manufacture; exemption petitions and
hearing. Notices: Water pollution; discharge of
pollutants: Maryland. June 1,1979 — Proposed
Rules: Water pollution control: Consolidated.
permit regulations and underground injection
control regulations; hearings. Notices: Meet-
ings: Science Advisory Board. Toxic and hazar-
dous substances control: TSCA Interagency
Testing Committee report to EPA; priority list
for chemical substances testing. June 4,1979 —
Rules: Air quality implementation plans; ap-
proval and promulgation; various States, etc.:
New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Proposed Rules:
Air quality implementation plans; approval and
promulgation; various States, etc.: Arizona.
Water pollution control: Judicial review under
the Clean Water Act — forum shopping. No-
tices: Air quality criteria: Ozone and photo-
chemical oxidants; policy clarification. Meetings:
State-FIFRA Issues Research and Evaluation
Group. Water pollution control; safe drinking
water; public water systems designations: New
Jersey. June 5, 1979 — Proposed Rules:
Air quality implementation plans; approval and
promulgation; various States, etc.: Massachu-
setts. Air quality implementation plans; delayed
compliance orders: Ohio (2 documents). No-
tices: Air programs; fuel and fuel additives:
Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl-
(MMT); suspension. Environmental statements;
availability, etc.: Agency statements, weekly
receipts. Pesticides; experimental use permit
applications: Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner.
June 6, 1979 — Notices: Air pollution control,
new motor vehicles and engines: Diesel engine
technology; 1981 NOx emission standard; waiver
applications; hearing. June 7, 1979 — Rules:
Air quality implementation plans; approval and
promulgation; various States, etc.: Tennessee.
Air quality implementation plans; delayed com-
pliance orders: Utah. Washington. Pesticide
programs: Human use pesticides; exemption
from FIFRA; notification to Agriculture Secre-
tary. Water pollution control: National pollutant
discharge elimination system (NPDES); revision.
Proposed Rules: Air quality implementation
plans; delayed compliance orders: Kentucky.
Minnesota. Texas. Notices: Air quality stand-
ards: Summit County, Ohio; nonattainment
designation for sulfur dioxide; inquiry. Meetings:
State-FIFRA Issues Research and Evaluation
Group. Pesticide registration, cancellation, etc.:
Amitraz. Kabat tobacco protector. Norflurazon.
3,5,6-trichloro-2-pynidinyloxyacetic acid. Pest-
icides; tolerances in animal feeds and human
food: BASF Wyandotte Corp., et al. Pesticides;
tolerances in animal feeds and human food:
ICI Americas, Inc., et al. June 8, 1979 — Rules:
Air programs; fuel and fuel additives: Lead
phase-down standard. Air quality implementa-
tion plans; approval and promulgation; various
States, etc.: South Dakota. Improving Go-
vernment regulations: Regulatory agenda.
Notices: Environmental statements; availability,
etc.: Agency statements, weekly receipts.
Pesticide enforcement policy statements (PEPS);
recission. Pesticides; emergency exemption
applications: Dinoseb. Pesticides; temporary
tolerances: Ehtephon. June 11,1979 — Rules:
Air pollution; standards of performance for new
stationary sources: Electric utility steam genera-
ting units. Proposed Rules: Air quality imple-
mentation plans; approval and promulgation;
various States, etc.: Arizona. Delaware. Pennsyl-
vania. Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control
Act of 1978; implementation, inquiry. Notices:
Air pollution; ambient air monitoring reference
and equivalent methods applications, etc.:
Model 8310 Carbon Monoxide Analyzer. Monitor
Labs Model 8450 Sulfur Monitor. Air pollution
control: Clean Air Act; Federal assistance limita-
tions. Meetings: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act Scientific Advisory Panel.
Pesticides; emergency exemption applications:
Triforine (2 documents). June 12, 1979 —
Rules: Air quality implementation plans; ap-
proval, and promulgation; various States, etc.:
Alabama; correction. Pennsylvania. Air quality
implementation plans; delayed compliance or-
ders: Connecticut. Ohio (2 documents). Pro-
posed Rules: Air quality implementation plans;
approval and promulgation; various States,
etc.: Ohio. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Notices:
Grants, State and local assistance: Resource
recovery project development; President's
urban policy class deviation. Pesticide registra-
tion, cancellation, etc.: Permethrin Technical.
Pounce Technical. Pesticides; emergency ex-
emption applications: Acephate. Permethrin.
June 13,1979 — Rules: Air quality implementa-
tion plans; delayed compliance orders: Pennsyl-
vania. Proposed Rules: Air quality implementa-
tion plans; approval and promulgation; various
States, etc.: California. Air quality implementa-
tion plans; delayed compliance orders: New
Jersey. Pennsylvania. Notices: Air quality
implementation plans; approval and promul-
gation: Detroit Lime Co.; prevention of signifi-
cant air quality deterioration (PSD); final deter-
mination. Pesticides, emergency exemption
applications: (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-o1, etc.; cor-
rection. Pesticides, experimental use permit
applications: Bifenox, Ethephon etc. N-tetra-
decyl formate etc. June 14, 1979 — Proposed
Rules: Permit programs, consolidated. Toxic
substances: Chlorofluorocarbons; essential use
exemption for mold release agents. Water pol-
lution control; National discharge elimination
syste.n and State program elements: Toxic
pollutant discharge control improvement. No-
tices: Air pollution; standards of performance
for new stationary sources: Glass manufactur-
ing plants. Permit programs, consolidated; draft
application forms. Pesticides; temporary toler-
ances: 2-Chloro-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-N-
(1-methylathyl) acetamide. Pesticides; tolerances
in animal feeds and human food: ICI Americas
Inc. Toxic and hazardous substances control:
Premanufacture notices receipts. Water pollu-
tion control: Manganese; alternate testing pro-
cedure. June 15, 1979 — See also Interagency
Regulatory Liaison Agency for document relat-
ing to the supplemental agreement of the Group.
Rules: Water pollution control; National dis-
charge elimination system and State program
elements: Secondary treatment requirements
modification; discharges into marine waters.
Proposed Rules: Air pollution; standards of
performance for new stationary sources: Glass
manufacturing plants. Air pollution control,
new motor vehicles and engines: Heavy-duty
engines; 1983 and later. Air programs; assess-
ment and collection of noncompliance penalties;
corrections and republication of appendix.
EM/AUGUST 1979
-------
C ENVIRONMEINTTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS
Sponsoring Agency,
Project Number,
Type of EIS
Housing & Urban Development
79-027-1015
Draft Supplement
Corps of Engineers
79-010-100
(Draft)
Corps of Engineers
78-043-115
(Final)
Corps of Engineers
79-014-152
(Draft)
Corps of Engineers
79-021-126
(Draft)
Housing and Urban
Development
79-012-1024
(Final)
Housing and Urban
Development
79-003-1024
(Final)
Housing and Urban
Development
79-027-1015
(Final Supplement) ,
Govermerjt Services
Administration
78-020-1103
(Final)
Project Location
Montgomery County,
Dayton, OH
Penn,, W. Va., Ohio,
Ky., Ind., and III.
Ashtabula County,
OH
Description
Acquisition and disposition for
Newfields New Community
Operation and maintenance of
locks and dams on Ohio River.
Dredging navigation channel.
U.S. Steel lakefront plant, east
of Conneaut
Hancock and Rush
Counties, IN
Sheboygan Harbor,
Wl
Eagan, Dakota
County, MN
Eagan, Dakota
County, MN
Montgomery County,
Dayton, OH
Detroit, Ml
Flood control, water supply, water
storage, and recreational facilities
on Big Blue River
Operation and maintenance dredg-
ing
Lexington South, planned unit
development
Blackhawk Park, planned unit
development
Summary
of Comments
Impacts should be measured against
present conditions, not against original
plan. Mass transit should be discussed.
Reservations regarding adverse water
quality impacts
Most concerns satisfactorily addressed
except for (1) use of new far field model
to simulate worst case water quality
conditions in Lake Erie (2) evaluation of
locating offsite solid waste disposal
(3) effect of emissions on vegetation,
soil, and visibility.
Concerns regarding wastewater treat-
ment and associated water quality
aspects of project. Possible adverse
impacts on wetlands.
Method of dredging and disposal inade-
quate, due to polluted bottom sedi-
ments. Additional sampling to be done.
No major objections.
No major objections
Comment
Date
Rating
5/23
LO-2
Acquisition and disposition for No major objections
Newfields New Community
Cargo inspection facility
Lack of noise analysis
and definite plans for mitigation
Housing and Urban
Development
78-082-1021
(Draft)
CODE:
Hoffman Estates, IL
Poplar Hills housing development Concerns regarding health and safety
impacts of adjacent landfill, adequacy
of wastewater treatment facility, long
range availability of groundwater
supply
LO - Lack of objections or minor changes suggested.
ER - Environment reservations on certain aspects of project; suggest preliminary determination of impact.
2 - Insufficient information, EPA cannot fully assess project but can make further study of modifications or alternatives.
NOTIFICATION OF VIOLATIONS
5/23
ER-2
5/29
Draft ER-3
6/7
ER-2
6/15
EU-2
6/21
Draft LO-1
6/21
Draft LO-1
6/21
Draft LO-2
6/25
Draft ER-2
6/25
ER-2
• FS Services Inc., Albany IL;
hydrocarbons.
• Lissner Corp., Chicago, IL; par-
ticulates.
• ALCOA, Cleveland, OH; par-
ticulates
• Barmet Industries, Uhrichsville,
OH; partculates
•Cleveland Electric Illuminating
Co., Cleveland, OH; particulates.
• Watervliet, Ml; particulates.
• Shell Oil Co., Harristown, IL;
hydrocarbons.
• Texaco Inc., Lawernceville, IL;
hydrocarbons.
A Notice of Violation 'is .an official
warning from the U.S. EPS that source
is not complying with existing air pollution
control regulations. The polluter has 30
days from the notification date to ne-
gotiate a compliance schedule before
EPA can issue a Compliance Order or
seek civil criminal actions.
EM/AUGUST 1979
23
-------
AUGUSTS-?
ERIC - TECHNOLOGY TRANS-
FER SEMINAR, sponsored by
EPA, Office of Research and
Development. "Innovative and
Alternative Technology
Assessment." Atlanta, GA. All-
day affair, limited to 300 people.
Qontact D. Lussier, (513) 684-
7394.
AUGUST 9-10
ERIC - TECHNOLOGY TRANS-
FER SEMINAR, sponsored by
EPA, Office of Research and
Development. "Innovative and
Alternative Technology
Assessment." Boston, MA. At
the Boston Park Plaza Hotel. All-
day affair, limited to 300 people.
Contact D. Lussier, (513) 684-
7394.
AUGUST 13-17
ENVIROMENTAL EDUCATION.
To present ecological concepts
leading to an understanding of
wise enviromental practices,
receive first-hand experience in
soils study, terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems, fish and game
management. At Silver Lake
College, Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
Contact Edward Ehlert, 1115 N.
8th St., Manitowoc, Wiscon-
sin, 54220. (414) 684-3144..
AUGUST 28-30
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES, an
EPA technology transfer seminar.
Latest information by experts in
the field on plans, design, and
management of wastewater
treatment facilities. No fee. In-
dianapolis, IN. At the Hyatt
Regency Hotel. Contact Marti
Velasco, U.S. EPA Region V,
Water Division, 230 S. Dearborn
St., Chicago, IL 60604, (312) 353-
2314.
THE BEST INFORMED PEOPLE
IN ENVIRONMENTAL CIRCLES
READ PPP FROM A TO Z
Besides Environment Midwest
and a tax refund from Uncle
Sam, the most awaited piece of
mail for thousands of en-
visonmentalists throughout Mid-
west is the PPP. Published twice
a month by EPA Region V Public
Affairs Office, the Public Par-
ticipation Printout (PPP) is a very
unassuming publication. A tip
sheet, in fact. But it has more
nuts-and-bolts information on
environmental goings-on than
publications ten times its size, in
the PPP you'll find listed con-
ferences, workshops, seminars,
meeting, public hearings ,and
special events. Plus information
on the latest EPA brochures and
regulations. So don't be left out
of things environmental. For your
personal free copy of the PPP,
write to Leah. Wilson, Office of
Public Affairs, U.S. EPA Region
V, 230 S. Dearborn St., Chicago,
IL 60604. She'll put you on a
mailing list quicker than you can
sayNPDES.
rxEPA
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United States
Environmental Protection
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230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
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