402-R-06-020
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 128
October - December 2006
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
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11
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Contents
Page
List of Tables v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Data Reporting Conventions xi
1. Air Program 1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates 13
Beta Activity in Precipitation 13
2. Water Program 17
3. Milk Program 31
Pasteurized Milk 31
in
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IV
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List of Tables
Table Page
1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii
2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 2006 2
3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 2006 4
4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 2006 6
5 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 2006 8
6 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 2006 10
7 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 2006 11
8 Tritium in Precipitation: October - December 2006 12
9 Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates: January - December
2006 Composites 14
10 Tritium in Drinking Water: October - December 2006 18
11 Plutonium and Uranium Analyses of Selected Drinking Water Composite
Samples: January - December 2006 20
12 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January - December 2006 21
13 Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations in Drinking Water: January -
December 2006 Composites 24
14 Radium-226, -228 and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Drinking Water:
January - December 2006 Composites 27
15 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October - December 2006 32
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VI
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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data(EKD) is compiled and published quarterly by the Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in
Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the RadNet monitoring system (formerly
ERAMS). ERD is published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are
available online at www.epa.gov/narel.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established RadNet in 1973 with an
emphasis on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environ-
ment. RadNet is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air
particulate, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide population and geographic coverage for the United
States. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
analysis, gamma analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium,
iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural
background levels and on routine and accidental releases into the environment from stationary
sources.
The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the RadNet samples are contained in
the NAREL Radiochemistry Procedures Manual. Station operation and sample collection are in
accordance with procedures contained in theERAMSManual(EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).
vn
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Vlll
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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS) is performed by volunteer
collectors who are frequently members of health departments or related environmental agencies
of their respective states. The National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL),
on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, would like to acknowledge the time and
effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful operation of RadNet.
The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times of emergency
operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes demanding.
IX
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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured
value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measure-
ment process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or back-
ground, which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were
reported as "not detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their
estimated measurement uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996, both of these
practices were discontinued. Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion
of negative results in the report allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides
not detected.
are
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured valuers reported with an expanded uncertainty U=kuc(y), which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k=1. The interval from
y - Utoy+ Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95 %.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded
to the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1.
The MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95 % probability of detection
when the detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5 % probability of false detection in a
sample that is analyte-free.
XI
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xn
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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Tritium
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
f Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
{ Iodine-131
Cesium- 137
{ Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting Unit
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
Minimum
Detectable
Concentration
2
0.0015
2
2
150
150
0.75
0.1
0.75
0.1
0.02
2
1
4
4
0.3
5
5
15
15
0.06
0.06
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two
isotopes cannot be determined.
f The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3.
J Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll
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xiv
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1. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air
particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general
(national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Airborne
particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic coverage
throughout the United States.
Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field
measurements are made with a G-M survey meter 5 hours after collection to allow natural radon
isotopes and their progeny to decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by
telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analysis in a low background beta counter.
Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta activity greater than 1 pCi/m3. The
laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates because of the decay of
naturally occurring radionuclides during the time between the two measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at most field stations that collect air filters. These samples are
also sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans, tritium, and gross beta
activity measurements.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.
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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: San Diego
CA: San Francisco
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
Number
of
Samples
9
5
5
8
5
8
2
9
9
9
8
9
9
4
9
9
3
9
7
9
9
3
9
9
5
9
9
4
7
9
9
1
4
4
7
8
8
9
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.4 0.5
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
1.1 0.5 0.8
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
2.8 0.5 1.2
2.1 0.3 0.8
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.9 0.1 0.3
1.1 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
1.7 0.4 0.7
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.9 0.1 0.3
3.8 3.8 3.8
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.020 0.008 0.013
0.020 0.011 0.017
0.015 0.011 0.013
0.022 0.008 0.015
0.012 0.007 0.010
0.017 0.004 0.010
0.014 0.010 0.012
0.010 0.004 0.007
0.009 0.003 0.006
0.015 0.007 0.010
0.013 0.006 0.009
0.011 0.006 0.008
0.014 0.005 0.008
0.017 0.008 0.013
0.017 0.007 0.011
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.008 0.005 0.006
0.016 0.004 0.008
0.023 0.007 0.015
0.021 0.011 0.015
0.011 0.003 0.006
0.009 0.006 0.007
0.013 0.005 0.008
0.011 0.006 0.008
0.012 0.008 0.010
0.027 0.007 0.016
0.023 0.007 0.013
0.012 0.009 0.010
0.027 0.007 0.014
0.010 0.003 0.006
0.011 0.005 0.008
0.020 0.020 0.020
0.010 0.008 0.009
0.008 0.006 0.007
0.019 0.006 0.014
0.008 0.003 0.005
0.009 0.005 0.008
0.016 0.008 0.012
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 2006
Location
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Milwaukee
Number
of
Samples
7
9
1
9
2
4
9
7
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
2
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.1 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
1.4 0.3 0.5
1.4 0.1 0.7
1.8 0.2 0.6
1.5 0.2 0.5
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.1 0.3
1.3 0.4 0.8
0.3 0.0 0.2
1.2 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.3 0.6
0.3 0.0 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.010 0.004 0.006
0.015 0.006 0.010
0.007 0.007 0.007
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.016 0.013 0.015
0.026 0.012 0.018
0.024 0.006 0.015
0.035 0.007 0.018
0.019 0.007 0.011
0.018 0.007 0.012
0.021 0.010 0.014
0.022 0.009 0.014
0.022 0.009 0.013
0.027 0.011 0.015
0.022 0.008 0.012
0.021 0.008 0.012
0.015 0.006 0.009
0.025 0.010 0.017
0.013 0.005 0.010
0.017 0.005 0.010
0.010 0.002 0.006
0.023 0.005 0.014
0.013 0.007 0.010
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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: San Diego
CA: San Francisco
CA: San Jose
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
Number
of
Samples
9
7
4
6
4
5
3
5
8
8
10
8
8
6
5
8
9
7
8
9
8
4
7
8
4
5
7
3
4
7
9
1
2
5
5
9
7
8
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.5 0.7
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.1 0.4
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.8 0.3 1.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
4.2 1.5 2.5
1.8 0.6 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
1.4 0.9 1.1
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.022 0.007 0.011
0.020 0.008 0.015
0.026 0.015 0.021
0.023 0.010 0.015
0.005 0.003 0.004
0.018 0.005 0.010
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.008 0.004 0.005
0.015 0.004 0.009
0.020 0.007 0.013
0.020 0.005 0.010
0.018 0.007 0.010
0.013 0.005 0.007
0.015 0.004 0.009
0.011 0.007 0.009
0.027 0.012 0.019
0.014 0.006 0.009
0.014 0.006 0.010
0.031 0.016 0.024
0.032 0.014 0.023
0.013 0.003 0.006
0.011 0.006 0.008
0.037 0.008 0.015
0.016 0.008 0.013
0.026 0.016 0.021
0.013 0.008 0.010
0.014 0.004 0.010
0.011 0.006 0.009
0.023 0.013 0.017
0.018 0.004 0.009
0.020 0.001 0.009
0.002 0.002 0.002
0.011 0.007 0.009
0.016 0.004 0.009
0.040 0.014 0.022
0.014 0.002 0.006
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.061 0.010 0.020
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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 2006
Location
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Milwaukee
Number
of
Samples
7
9
8
1
1
5
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
6
8
6
7
8
7
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.3
0.6 0.3 0.4
0.3 0.2 0.2
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.1 0.3
1.7 0.3 0.8
0.4 0.0 0.2
1.0 0.1 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.010 0.002 0.004
0.022 0.005 0.012
0.020 0.009 0.015
0.011 0.011 0.011
0.009 0.009 0.009
0.018 0.009 0.012
0.026 0.008 0.017
0.023 0.009 0.014
0.022 0.006 0.014
0.015 0.010 0.013
0.015 0.011 0.013
0.015 0.010 0.012
0.018 0.010 0.014
0.015 0.010 0.012
0.016 0.007 0.012
0.019 0.009 0.013
0.040 0.013 0.021
0.016 0.006 0.011
0.019 0.009 0.013
0.006 0.002 0.003
0.018 0.003 0.008
0.027 0.010 0.018
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Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: San Diego
CA: San Jose
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Cleveland
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
Number
of
Samples
8
3
4
9
4
6
7
8
7
8
7
9
5
3
7
8
9
8
8
9
3
5
7
4
5
7
3
8
9
8
5
4
6
7
2
7
9
8
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.2 0.4
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.3
0.7 0.0 0.2
0.8 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.5 0.4 0.9
0.1 0.0 0.1
2.6 0.5 1.0
1.6 0.2 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
1.7 0.3 1.1
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.022 0.008 0.015
0.020 0.018 0.019
0.026 0.014 0.019
0.019 0.007 0.011
0.018 0.006 0.013
0.011 0.005 0.007
0.034 0.003 0.014
0.008 0.003 0.006
0.028 0.009 0.020
0.018 0.009 0.013
0.021 0.010 0.014
0.019 0.003 0.010
0.007 0.004 0.005
0.015 0.012 0.013
0.028 0.011 0.018
0.025 0.004 0.013
0.015 0.005 0.010
0.028 0.013 0.017
0.026 0.008 0.017
0.014 0.003 0.008
0.012 0.009 0.010
0.015 0.011 0.013
0.021 0.011 0.015
0.020 0.014 0.016
0.021 0.004 0.012
0.021 0.009 0.016
0.013 0.011 0.011
0.023 0.006 0.014
0.017 0.005 0.011
0.017 0.007 0.012
0.014 0.008 0.011
0.017 0.010 0.014
0.030 0.013 0.023
0.009 0.003 0.006
0.027 0.015 0.021
0.019 0.007 0.012
0.030 0.008 0.017
0.025 0.002 0.009
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Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 2006
Location
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Milwaukee
Number
of
Samples
8
5
6
1
2
8
5
9
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
8
8
9
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
1.1 0.2 0.4
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.8 0.2 0.5
0.5 0. 0.3
0.6 0. 0.4
0.3 0. 0.2
0.3 0. 0.2
0.3 0. 0.1
1.8 0. 0.6
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.021 0.006 0.014
0.009 0.003 0.007
0.013 0.013 0.013
0.015 0.012 0.014
0.024 0.008 0.013
0.035 0.016 0.024
0.015 0.005 0.011
0.020 0.014 0.017
0.019 0.013 0.015
0.020 0.012 0.016
0.022 0.009 0.015
0.022 0.012 0.016
0.020 0.010 0.015
0.019 0.006 0.013
0.015 0.009 0.012
0.038 0.012 0.021
0.031 0.007 0.016
0.017 0.009 0.013
0.015 0.002 0.006
0.026 0.002 0.014
0.037 0.014 0.020
-------
Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Kansas City
MA: Boston
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2«
0.31 0.27
0.62 0.32
2.36 0.62
1.06 0.37
0.56 0.30
0.19 0.26
0.13 0.26
0.99 0.35
0.70 0.34
1.28 0.40
1.75 0.44
0.38 0.28
1.68 0.40
0.64 0.33
2.97 0.56
0.44 0.28
0.51 0.30
0.62 0.30
1.36 0.40
0.61 0.30
11.7 1.4
0.83 0.34
0.54 0.31
13.4 1.6
0.44 0.29
2.80 0.52
0.33 0.30
0.22 0.28
0.78 0.34
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
K40
Be7
Pb212
Be7
K40
K40
Pb212
T1208
Be7
K40
Pb212
Be7
K40
Be7
Be7
Be7
K40
Ra228
K40
Ra228
T1208
Pb212
Pb212
K40
K40
K40
ND
20 34
ND
23 23
3.5 5.7
27 29
29 33
ND
61 22
3.7 2.6
2.2 2.5
ND
43 25
88 31
5.6 8.3
ND
ND
62 31
ND
62 35
55 27
ND
43 28
43 31
ND
ND
47 35
14.6 9.6
46 19
9.2 5.5
2.5 1.6
5.6 8.2
ND
9.0 8.3
46 34
24 41
40 65
Note: ND = Not Detected
-------
Table 5 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 2006
Location
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2«
3.24 0.59
2.61 0.50
0.85 0.35
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
Be? 37 24
ND
Be? 17.1 8.8
Note: ND = Not Detected
-------
Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
MA: Boston
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2«
0.66 0.31
1.97 0.46
0.63 0.31
0.78 0.33
0.62 0.31
0.70 0.31
1.93 0.50
0.06 0.25
0.35 0.28
2.35 0.50
0.81 0.33
1.06 0.35
0.88 0.33
13.3 1.6
0.44 0.29
0.57 0.31
0.97 0.34
0.95 0.35
1.95 0.44
1.60 0.40
0.48 0.29
0.59 0.31
53.7 5.7
41.3 4.4
0.41 0.29
1.68 0.40
3.85 0.67
2.89 0.53
0.41 0.28
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
Bi212
Be7
Be7
Be7
Bi212
Be7
Be7
Pb212
T1208
Be7
Pb212
Be7
Pb212
T1208
Pb212
Be7
Be7
Be7
Pb212
K40
K40
Bi212
Be7
Bi212
Pb212
ND
ND
27 44
ND
16 15
66 36
52 30
ND
35 32
ND
ND
37 28
ND
40 27
6.9 8.1
1.9 4.7
31 31
6.6 9.0
40 27
5.6 8.1
2.5 5.0
5.0 9.1
13 15
36 23
60 25
8.9 8.2
51 71
51 71
34 28
41 18
ND
31 26
6.3 8.6
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
10
-------
Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Kansas City
MA: Boston
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2«
4.98 0.76
0.32 0.29
1.31 0.39
2.77 0.53
1.12 0.38
2.03 0.49
0.85 0.35
0.40 0.30
1.12 0.38
0.53 0.32
6.96 0.95
2.89 0.56
0.51 0.31
0.67 0.33
0.70 0.32
1.38 0.41
2.13 0.47
1.20 0.38
0.53 0.31
0.84 0.35
12.0 1.5
0.83 0.34
1.58 0.41
0.79 0.34
1.64 0.44
4.08 0.67
0.43 0.30
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
Be7
Pb212
Be7
Pb212
Ra224
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Ra228
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
T1208
Be7
K40
Be7
Pb212
Be7
60 31
7.9 8.6
31 30
4.4 5.7
48 49
ND
ND
48 22
24 20
ND
ND
18 20
74 19
ND
ND
ND
9 14
57 35
15 12
27 25
74 31
25 23
ND
39 15
1.4 1.5
54 26
22 35
ND
47 31
7.1 8.5
ND
34 16
Note: ND = Not Detected
11
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
October - December 2006
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Kansas City
MA: Boston
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
October 2006
pCi/L ±2u
0 76
-22 83
-44 83
9 84
10 77
57 79
14 77
4 76
51 79
41 78
-18 84
-73 81
33 78
23 77
51 79
47 78
22 77
-18 75
-16 84
29 77
59 79
39 78
-49 82
NS
18 77
49 79
45 78
-33 83
-5 84
-90 81
35 86
33 78
9 85
November 2006
pCi/L ±2«
43 80
-12 78
43 81
2 79
-63 83
-2 85
6 79
-2 78
61 81
30 80
25 79
NS
-71 82
67 82
39 81
-43 84
-94 81
-24 85
NS
-52 84
-65 82
45 81
-4 79
-65 83
-49 76
47 80
61 82
NS
NS
NS
-6 78
4 79
73 82
December 2006
pCi/L ±2«
-2 80
NS
-38 83
16 78
29 77
-4 78
-61 77
NS
-38 78
-20 79
-43 80
-45 78
27 77
NS
0 79
-24 76
-3 77
-38 73
NS
21 77
0 78
31 81
-7 79
-2 78
56 83
-50 78
155 86
56 82
NS
NS
4 80
-60 76
-42 81
Note: NS = No Sample
12
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis of
annually composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers.
Concentrations of plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and
238 are determined by alpha-particle spectrometry following chemical separation. The volume of
air represented by the annual composite typically ranges from 120,000 to 500,000 cubic meters.
Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
Beta Activity in Precipitation
All stations routinely submit precipitation samples as rainfall, snow, or sleet occurs. The
precipitation samples are composited at NAREL into single monthly samples for each station.
Each month that precipitation occurs, an aliquant of the composited sample is analyzed for gross
beta, tritium, and gamma-emitting radionuclides.
13
-------
Table 9
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
January - December 2006 Composites
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: Richmond
CA: San Diego
CA: San Francisco
CA: San Jose
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DC: Washington
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
GA: Atlanta
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
238pu
aCi/m3 ±2«
0.4 1.4
3.4 6.7
4.0 4.6
2.9 3.0
1.4 1.4
0.27 0.88
1.1 4.8
0.6 1.1
-0.5 1.6
0.9 1.9
-1.0 2.8
2.6 3.9
1.3 1.4
2.8 4.7
0.8 2.8
1.2 1.7
0.4 2.0
-1.2 1.7
0.2 4.7
4.0 3.0
-1.1 2.0
0.9 2.2
0.2 1.4
0.6 2.0
0.5 1.1
0.5 2.5
0.10 0.88
0.0 1.5
-0.1 2.6
1.0 2.1
-1.7 4.6
-0.8 2.3
-0.2 1.6
0.6 2.4
0.9 3.9
0.46 0.53
0.7 1.4
-0.2 5.0
0.5 3.9
-0.1 1.9
239-240pu
aCi/m3 ±2w
0.19 0.56
-0.3 2.3
0.9 2.7
0.2 1.7
0.00 0.50
0.11 0.49
-0.2 2.1
0.17 0.76
0.1 .1
0.7 .3
-0.4 .1
-0.5 .1
0.00 0.42
-0.6 .6
0.3 .2
0.70 0.95
-0.31 0.75
-0.33 0.80
-1.2 .9
0.2 .1
0.4 .1
0.0 .1
0.5 .4
0.1 .0
0.12 0.54
0.3 1.4
0.29 0.84
0.53 0.93
0.4 1.0
0.09 0.82
0.2 2.2
0.0 1.1
1.0 1.7
0.1 1.1
-0.5 1.3
0.08 0.35
0.33 0.96
-0.5 1.7
0.2 2.2
0.1 1.0
234U
aCi/m3 ±2«
19.8 4.5
221 44
135 30
77 16
15.9 4.0
15.9 4.0
58 16
14.5 4.2
13.7 4.4
55 11
23.1 6.9
24.0 6.5
24.0 6.5
41 12
28.8 7.7
34.3 7.5
32.1 7.8
27.3 6.7
43 13
36.6 8.8
39.7 8.9
37.0 7.9
56 12
13.4 4.5
10.4 3.1
21.5 6.0
24.1 6.3
27.5 6.2
38.0 8.8
18.9 5.1
44 11
20.6 5.9
56 12
26.8 6.9
31.2 9.0
9.7 2.5
74 14
37 11
33 11
14.9 4.2
23SU
aCi/m3 ±2«
1.2 1.1
11.7 9.4
4.3 6.0
3.9 3.5
1.6 1.3
1.6 1.3
4.1 4.8
0.5 1.1
1.4 1.6
3.3 2.5
1.8 2.3
2.5 2.5
2.5 2.5
6.4 5.1
3.2 3.0
4.1 2.5
3.3 2.7
2.8 2.2
4.2 4.9
5.5 3.6
2.3 2.2
2.8 2.2
4.3 3.5
1.1 1.5
0.8 1.2
1.9 1.9
1.5 1.7
3.2 2.2
4.9 3.2
1.4 1.7
4.3 3.7
2.0 2.0
1.6 2.2
2.8 2.3
3.2 3.3
0.75 0.82
2.6 2.5
5.2 4.3
0.8 2.4
0.18 0.81
238-jj
aCi/m3 ±2«
21.3 4.7
192 40
128 28
58 13
15.6 3.9
15.6 3.9
56 15
10.4 3.5
12.5 4.2
43.5 9.4
18.2 6.0
24.2 6.6
24.2 6.6
39 12
27.6 7.6
34.7 7.5
34.6 8.2
28.6 6.9
42 13
46 10
40.2 9.0
29.8 6.9
60 13
11.0 4.1
10.0 3.1
16.5 5.2
28.3 6.9
26.6 6.1
41.7 9.4
17.4 4.9
37 10
25.7 6.7
43 10
26.5 6.8
26.1 8.1
10.0 2.6
52 11
42 11
38 11
10.2 3.3
Note: NA = No Analysis
14
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
January - December 2006 Composites
Location
OH: Cleveland
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Austin
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Milwaukee
238pu
aCi/m3 ±2«
0.3 1.2
0.9 1.5
0.32 0.93
0.1 1.2
-1.0 2.8
0.3 3.4
0.5 3.1
-0.4 1.0
0.8 1.0
-0.4 1.2
0.00 0.77
0.8 2.2
-0.31 0.83
0.5 1.9
0.1 1.1
-0.22 0.69
0.18 0.98
0.4 2.4
3.3 1.8
3.0 2.6
0.7 1.2
0.2 2.1
1.8 5.5
2.7 3.1
0.8 1.8
2.6 4.0
-2.1 2.5
1.1 2.0
0.50 0.71
239-240pu
aCi/m3 ±2w
0.17 0.62
0.06 0.59
-0.11 0.71
0.0 1.2
-0.4 1.4
-0.2 1.5
-0.3 1.1
0.21 0.58
0.41 0.68
0.18 0.52
0.6 1.3
0.5 1.3
-0.09 0.30
-0.28 0.67
0.18 0.65
1.13 0.78
0.00 0.29
0.2 1.1
0.37 0.77
0.21 0.96
0.50 0.78
0.7 2.0
0.0 2.4
0.0 1.1
-0.31 0.75
-0.5 1.5
0.1 1.6
0.8 1.7
0.14 0.40
234U
aCi/m3 ±2«
17.0 4.5
19.4 4.6
43.6 9.7
12.2 4.1
18.8 5.2
30.8 8.5
37.5 9.3
6.1 1.9
21.1 4.3
51.3 9.2
34.9 8.2
36.7 8.5
14.4 3.4
26.8 6.6
16.6 3.8
66.2 9.4
16.4 3.7
82 14
134 19
26.3 7.4
26.3 7.4
61 15
113 27
49 14
49 14
87 15
10.8 4.0
45 12
20.1 4.1
23SU
aCi/m3 ±2«
1.6 1.5
1.8 1.6
4.2 3.0
3.2 2.3
2.9 2.2
0.5 1.6
2.3 2.5
0.23 0.60
1.6 1.1
5.0 2.5
3.5 2.6
2.9 2.4
1.5 1.1
2.7 2.3
1.4 1.1
4.6 1.6
1.20 0.99
6.0 3.2
5.9 2.3
.7 2.2
.7 2.2
2.3 3.5
.8 4.8
.2 3.2
.2 3.2
7.2 3.5
0.1 1.1
1.8 2.7
0.92 0.88
238-jj
aCi/m3 ±2«
14.0 4.0
22.2 5.1
47 10
13.0 4.2
16.7 4.8
32.1 8.7
33.0 8.5
4.5 1.6
21.5 4.3
40.8 7.8
34.9 8.1
33.1 7.9
12.5 3.1
21.9 5.8
17.3 3.9
89 12
13.0 3.2
45.6 9.3
30.7 5.8
19.9 6.3
19.9 6.3
58 15
95 24
55 15
55 15
17.4 5.1
10.3 3.9
37 10
17.6 3.8
Note: NA = No Analysis
15
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16
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2. Drinking Water Program
The RadNet drinking water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's
drinking water supplies. Samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major population centers
or selected nuclear facility environs.
Drinking water data are used to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare
with standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations."
These regulations provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and
radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/L, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the
strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed
50 pCi/L.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90,
and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and
radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) iodine-131 on one quarterly
sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238, combined
plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha
levels greater than 2 pCi/L.
17
-------
Table 10
Tritium in Drinking Water
October - December 2006
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
MA: Lawrence
MD: Conowingo
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Red Wing
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
Date
Collected
10/06/06
10/13/06
10/05/06
10/05/06
10/05/06
10/12/06
10/05/06
10/03/06
10/10/06
10/03/06
10/06/06
11/07/06
11/20/06
12/29/06
10/04/06
10/11/06
12/06/06
10/13/06
12/29/06
10/17/06
10/17/06
11/21/06
11/28/06
10/02/06
10/16/06
10/10/06
10/31/06
10/05/06
10/03/06
10/03/06
10/18/06
10/12/06
11/15/06
10/05/06
10/04/06
10/13/06
10/04/06
10/10/06
10/30/06
12/20/06
3H
pCi/L ±2«
27 78
-10 81
69 81
284 94
180 89
14 80
16 80
18 78
37 81
51 80
0 80
11 85
-37 83
29 78
-8 76
25 81
-4 75
-57 81
-28 72
-8 81
17 82
-8 85
-43 83
125 83
29 82
66 82
31 86
60 80
25 78
31 78
16 82
1370 130
2 86
107 82
4 77
47 83
72 80
-17 80
-2 84
46 77
18
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Table 10 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
October - December 2006
Location
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge/#360
TN:OakRidge/#371
TN:OakRidge/#4442
TN:OakRidge/#768
TN:OakRidge/#772
TX: Austin
VA: Ashland
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
Date
Collected
10/05/06
10/16/06
12/04/06
11/16/06
10/04/06
11/21/06
11/01/06
10/03/06
12/11/06
11/29/06
11/29/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
11/21/06
11/27/06
10/19/06
10/04/06
10/12/06
10/09/06
10/03/06
10/03/06
10/10/06
10/10/06
10/10/06
10/10/06
10/10/06
10/16/06
11/15/06
10/03/06
10/09/06
11/28/06
3H
pCi/L ±2«
76 80
4 81
2 85
-38 82
54 79
6 86
25 85
127 83
-6 75
700 110
-59 83
-49 81
18 84
-25 82
-37 84
4 86
-15 84
147 84
26 86
14 80
246 91
-8 77
8 80
8 80
110 85
2 79
35 81
4 81
89 88
16 78
45 81
-37 83
19
-------
Table 11
Plutonium and Uranium Analyses
Selected Drinking Water Composite Samples
January - December 2006
Location
CA: Los Angeles
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
[L: Morris
1L: W. Chicago
LA: New Orleans
ME: Augusta
MS: Port Gibson
NE: Lincoln
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
238pu
pCi/L± 2«
0.003 0.021
-0.002 0.029
0.009 0.026
-0.001 0.019
0.002 0.035
0.003 0.025
0.001 0.034
0.004 0.022
-0.004 0.019
-0.011 0.021
-0.005 0.019
239-240pu
pCi/L± 2u
0.000 0.012
0.002 0.014
0.000 0.012
-0.0028 0.0096
-0.002 0.010
0.000 0.012
0.003 0.013
0.003 0.012
-0.0013 0.0090
0.000 0.012
0.008 0.014
234U
pCi/L± 2«
1.48 0.20
0.174 0.061
0.086 0.045
0.58 0.11
0.114 0.051
1.05 0.16
1.11 0.16
0.131 0.049
2.96 0.32
6.52 0.57
3.12 0.32
23SU
pCi/L± 2«
0.071 0.044
0.009 0.024
0.027 0.032
0.009 0.024
0.002 0.018
0.052 0.041
0.035 0.033
0.010 0.018
0.097 0.050
0.123 0.053
0.089 0.045
238U
pCi/L± 2w
1.14 0.17
0.134 0.052
0.018 0.025
0.078 0.041
0.024 0.027
0.69 0.13
0.93 0.14
0.044 0.032
1.98 0.24
2.64 0.28
1.69 0.21
Note: NA = No Analysis
20
-------
Table 12
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 2006
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Red Wing
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
NC: Raleigh
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
Date
Collected
03/02/06
07/12/06
01/05/06
01/10/06
10/05/06
01/10/06
01/05/06
01/04/06
10/03/06
07/20/06
10/03/06
10/06/06
09/26/06
11/20/06
12/29/06
07/14/06
01/10/06
08/21/06
01/17/06
07/25/06
01/10/06
07/10/06
11/21/06
01/05/06
11/28/06
10/02/06
07/21/06
01/17/06
10/31/06
01/05/06
07/11/06
07/11/06
10/18/06
10/12/06
01/25/06
07/13/06
01/10/06
07/07/06
01/04/06
01/04/06
10/10/06
131j
pCi/L ± 2u
0.07 0.17
0.01 0.13
0.06 0.15
0.06 0.15
0.11 0.47
0.01 0.16
0.15 0.25
-0.03 0.13
-0.03 0.33
-0.05 0.17
-0.03 0.18
0.06 0.25
0.03 0.19
-0.16 0.34
0.12 0.26
0.07 0.15
0.08 0.15
-0.08 0.23
0.06 0.18
0.04 0.14
0.04 0.16
0.10 0.15
0.07 0.19
-0.08 0.28
0.11 0.18
0.09 0.21
0.04 0.14
-0.02 0.16
0.02 0.32
0.28 0.25
-0.06 0.13
0.03 0.12
0.06 0.16
-0.01 0.28
0.09 0.14
0.06 0.16
-0.02 0.15
0.03 0.19
0.01 0.13
0.32 0.22
-0.03 0.27
21
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 2006
Location
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Paine sville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN:OakRidge/#360
TN: Oak Ridge/#360
TN:OakRidge/#371
TN:OakRidge/#371
TN:OakRidge/#4442
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442
TN:OakRidge/#768
TN: Oak Ridge/#768
TN:OakRidge/#772
TN:OakRidge/#772
TX: Austin
Date
Collected
10/30/06
12/20/06
10/05/06
10/16/06
02/28/06
12/04/06
02/08/06
10/04/06
01/10/06
11/01/06
01/04/06
12/11/06
11/29/06
11/29/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
10/30/06
01/10/06
11/27/06
10/19/06
10/04/06
10/12/06
10/09/06
01/05/06
10/03/06
07/14/06
10/10/06
07/14/06
10/10/06
07/14/06
10/10/06
07/14/06
10/10/06
07/14/06
10/10/06
01/04/06
131j
pCi/L ± 2u
0.16 0.33
0.11 0.21
-0.10 0.28
0.06 0.20
0.08 0.14
-0.08 0.15
0.04 0.16
-0.16 0.31
0.46 0.18
0.02 0.37
0.04 0.13
0.21 0.38
0.19 0.16
0.07 0.19
0.23 0.21
0.11 0.12
0.14 0.46
0.25 0.21
0.16 0.12
1.09 0.41
0.83 0.21
0.88 0.12
-0.01 0.16
0.11 0.25
0.25 0.99
-0.05 0.31
-0.1 1.9
0.06 0.20
-0.02 0.24
-0.27 0.35
-0.22 0.26
0.05 0.30
0.09 0.23
0.03 0.28
0.03 0.22
0.11 0.18
0.09 0.23
0.00 0.17
-0.09 0.26
0.01 0.31
-0.01 0.13
22
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 2006
Location
VA: Ashland
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WA: Seattle
Date
Collected
01/04/06
07/07/06
01/18/06
02/21/06
09/13/06
131j
pCi/L ± 2«
0.06 0.14
0.06 0.14
0.04 0.16
0.13 0.23
0.07 0.29
23
-------
Table 13
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
Composites
January - December 2006
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Red Wing
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
29.6
48.7
45.8
88.6
71.9
22.2
52.5
41.0
86.1
32.2
90.8
59.6
106.9
59.7
58.8
49.5
59.6
27.0
44.6
145.0
39.3
59.0
77.8
74.9
72.8
57.3
83.8
90.3
65.5
134.3
20.7
68.6
64.4
56.4
24.6
35.4
79.9
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 2«
0.9 1.9
1.1 1.9
1.70 0.71
2.51 0.84
1.88 0.88
1.58 0.78
3.8 2.2
0.94 0.76
2.9 1.0
0.36 0.61
8.6 2.8
3.6 1.5
3.9 .9
2.9 .7
1.6 .3
1.3 .9
3.5 .7
1.1 .2
4.4 3.1
15.3 3.4
9.7 4.5
6.9 3.0
6.3 2.5
1.38 0.71
2.4 1.2
2.2 1.3
5.7 1.7
1.40 0.92
2.0 1.1
13.8 5.0
1.8 3.6
7.0 2.3
2.73 0.82
6.5 3.5
2.2 1.3
1.64 0.71
3.66 0.92
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 2u
0.0 3.3
-0.6 4.2
-0.1 1.3
-0.1 2.1
-0.6 2.1
0.07 0.85
2.6 5.1
0.0 1.5
1.2 2.8
0.5 1.1
0.1 6.8
1.3 3.2
4.0 6.7
2.5 4.4
-0.2 3.0
0.9 4.7
-0.3 3.2
0.2 1.8
0.0 6.3
14 10
2.8 6.7
1.9 5.9
2.2 5.4
-0.1 1.8
0.5 3.1
-0.1 2.9
3.1 4.4
0.6 2.3
0.8 2.3
-1 14
0.0 4.0
0.4 4.6
-0.1 1.6
9.2 9.0
0.6 1.7
-0.1 1.1
-0.3 1.8
90Sr
pCi/L ± 1u
-0.03 0.21
0.00 0.22
0.18 0.24
0.20 0.23
0.20 0.31
0.20 0.23
-0.16 0.23
-0.03 0.23
0.11 0.24
-0.06 0.22
0.18 0.22
0.48 0.31
24
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
Composites
January - December 2006
Location
NC: Raleigh
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge/#360 - Roane Co.
TN: Oak Ridge/#371 - Knox Co.
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442 - Roane Co.
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
79.9
56.8
47.6
67.5
51.7
57.0
125.1
81.5
46.3
36.5
57.7
53.2
70.8
118.1
69.4
81.2
111.4
136.5
21.3
57.7
49.5
68.2
60.8
98.8
72.9
60.5
48.3
49.2
46.3
86.9
92.2
70.0
43.4
69.9
64.5
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 2«
3.66 0.92
5.7 2.4
11.4 3.5
0.89 0.66
1.6 1.1
2.77 0.83
5.7 1.8
7.8 3.6
1.2 1.0
1.71 0.71
2.3 1.3
1.4 1.3
2.5 1.5
4.2 1.1
3.6 1.6
1.4 1.3
2.6 1.0
8.6 1.7
0.84 0.60
1.3 1.3
1.7 1.3
1.6 1.1
3.5 1.7
5.0 2.0
2.3 1.2
1.81 0.76
1.66 0.72
2.53 0.81
3.32 0.87
1.63 0.74
2.20 0.82
1.86 0.90
1.7 1.2
2.1 1.3
3.2 1.4
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L±2«
-0.3 1.8
0.9 5.2
5.1 5.6
0.0 1.7
0.4 2.3
1.2 1.7
15.0 7.3
4 10
-0.5 2.0
0.3 1.1
0.7 3.1
0.2 3.0
1.9 3.5
0.9 2.8
0.8 3.2
0.0 3.4
-0.5 2.5
-0.9 3.5
0.07 0.74
0.3 3.0
-0.3 2.7
-0.5 2.7
1.3 4.1
-0.2 5.4
0.2 3.1
0.0 1.6
1.5 1.6
0.6 1.5
1.2 1.5
0.0 2.1
0.3 2.2
1.7 2.4
1.1 2.6
0.0 3.5
0.3 3.4
90Sr
pCi/L ± 2u
0.35 0.28
-0.18 0.28
0.26 0.29
0.11 0.25
0.01 0.25
0.14 0.25
0.31 0.30
0.01 0.30
0.17 0.22
0.05 0.22
0.57 0.27
0.27 0.31
25
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
Composites
January - December 2006
Location
TN: Oak Ridge/#768 - Anderson Co
TN: Oak Ridge/#772 - Anderson Co.
TX: Austin
VA: Ashland
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
67.3
62.6
69.6
58.8
33.2
40.1
0.7
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 2«
2.6 1.4
1.7 1.3
3.1 1.2
3.40 0.88
0.64 0.62
0.43 0.72
0.23 0.54
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L±2«
0.0 3.4
0.3 3.2
0.8 2.4
0.7 1.6
0.1 1.1
0.3 1.5
-0.04 0.43
90Sr
pCi/L ± 2u
0.17 0.24
0.03 0.24
0.08 0.23
-0.06 0.23
26
-------
Table 14
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
Composites
January - December 2006
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Red Wing
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
226Ra
pCi/L ±2«
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.101 0.020
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.363 0.052
1.51 0.19
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.93 0.46
0.403 0.056
NA
0.112 0.023
NA
NA
NA
0.105 0.021
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.634 0.082
228Ra
pCi/L ±2w
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.22 0.81
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
ND
T1208 1.1 1.5
ND
ND
ND
K40 14 14
ND
Pb212 2.1 2.3
ND
ND
K40 18 14
ND
ND
ND
Pb212 1.7 2.4
ND
T1208 1.6 1.7
ND
ND
K40 10 14
ND
K40 10.0 7.7
Pb212 1.5 2.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 10 14
K40 12 14
ND
ND
ND
T1208 0.82 0.78
ND
K40 17 14
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
27
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
Composites
January - December 2006
Location
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
226Ra
pCi/L ±2«
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.166 0.028
NA
NA
NA
0.201 0.032
0.182 0.030
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
228Ra
pCi/L ±2w
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
ND
Pb212 2.9 2.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 9 14
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb212 2.2 2.4
T1208 1.2 1.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
T1208 1.4 1.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
28
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
Composites
January - December 2006
Location
TN: Oak Ridge-Roane Co. # 360
TN: Oak Ridge-Knox Co. # 371
TN: Oak Ridge-Roane Co. #4442
TN: Oak Ridge-Anderson Co # 768
TN: Oak Ridge-Anderson Co. # 772
TX: Austin
VA: Ashland
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
226Ra
pCi/L ±2«
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
228Ra
pCi/L ±2w
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2«
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
29
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30
-------
3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of certain radionuclides since it is
consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically
significant radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A
primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radio-
nuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Quarterly samples are collected at approximately 55 sampling sites. The samples are composited,
according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the
milk consumed in a given population center.
The samples are analyzed for gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140,
cesium-137, and potassium-40. Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from
potassium-40 activities assuming natural isotopic abundances. During the third quarter collec-
tion, one-fourth of the samples are also analyzed for strontium-90 on a four year rotating
schedule.
31
-------
Table 15
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October - December 2006
Location
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MO: Jefferson City
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Pittsburgh
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Ft. Worth
TX: San Antonio
VA: Norfolk
VT: Montpelier
WA: Spokane
WA: Tacoma
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
11/27/06
11/03/06
10/06/06
10/26/06
10/10/06
10/12/06
11/28/06
10/09/06
11/15/06
10/03/06
12/11/06
10/10/06
10/04/06
12/18/06
10/06/06
12/13/06
11/16/06
10/31/06
10/03/06
10/04/06
10/06/06
10/05/06
10/16/06
10/26/06
11/06/06
10/03/06
10/10/06
10/02/06
10/09/06
11/08/06
10/10/06
12/14/06
12/26/06
10/06/06
12/29/06
10/02/06
K
g/L ±2w
1.61 0.21
1.67 0.24
1.62 0.21
1.67 0.20
1.49 0.19
1.63 0.20
1.53 0.23
1.56 0.20
1.51 0.19
1.54 0.19
1.58 0.20
1.56 0.20
1.69 0.22
1.62 0.21
1.60 0.20
1.63 0.21
1.68 0.21
1.60 0.20
1.54 0.20
1.57 0.20
1.64 0.20
1.60 0.20
1.57 0.20
1.66 0.21
1.62 0.20
1.55 0.19
1.55 0.23
1.50 0.19
1.53 0.20
1.54 0.20
1.38 0.18
1.63 0.20
1.66 0.21
1.64 0.24
1.62 0.21
1.68 0.20
137Cs
pCi/L ±2«
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2«
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
mj
pCi/L ±2«
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
32
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For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data(EKD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet and the data that are generated
should be directed as follows:
For System Operations For Analytical Information and Data
Rhonda Sears John Griggs
National Air and Radiation Environmental National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue 540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601 Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: sears.rhonda@epa.gov e-mail: griggs.john@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
Jonathan Edwards
USEPA - ORIA
Radiation Protection Division (MC6608J)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
e-mail: edwards.jonathan@epa.gov
***
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