402-R-11-008
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 148
October-December 2011
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
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11
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Contents
Page
List of Tables v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Data Reporting Conventions xi
1. Air Program 1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates 18
2. Water Program 19
3. Milk Program 27
Pasteurized Milk 27
in
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IV
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List of Tables
Table Page
1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii
2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 2011 2
3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 2011 6
4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 2011 10
5 Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 2011 14
6 Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 2011 15
7 Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 2011 16
8 Tritium in Precipitation: October-December 2011 17
9 Tritium in Drinking Water: October-December 2011 20
10 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January-December 2011 22
11 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October-December 2011 28
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VI
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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data from the RadNet monitoring system
(formerly ERAMS), which is operated by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air's National
Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama. ERD is
published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are available online at
http://www.epa.gov/radnet/radnet-data/erd.html and in a searchable database at:
http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/radnet
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established RadNet in 1973 with an
emphasis on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environ-
ment. RadNet is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air
particulate, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide population and geographic coverage for the United
States. The radiation analyses performed on RadNet samples may include gross alpha and gross
beta analysis, gamma analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for isotopes of uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides informa-
tion on natural background levels and possible accidental releases into the environment.
vn
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Vlll
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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS) is performed by volunteer
collectors who are frequently members of health departments or related environmental agencies
of their respective states. The National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory
(NAREL), on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, would like to acknowledge
the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful operation
of RadNet. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times of
emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes
demanding.
IX
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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured
value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measure-
ment process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or back-
ground, which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were
reported as "not detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their
estimated measurement uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996, both of these
practices were discontinued. Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion
of negative results in the report allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides
not detected.
are
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured valuey is reported with an expanded uncertainty U=k uc(y\ which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k=1. The interval from
y— Uioy + C/is estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95 %.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded
to the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1.
The MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95 % probability of detection
when the detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5 % probability of false detection in a
sample that is analyte-free.
XI
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xn
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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Tritium
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
f Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
{ Iodine-131
Cesium-137
{ Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting Unit
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
Minimum
Detectable
Concentration
2
0.0015
2
2
150
0.75
0.1
0.75
0.1
0.02
2
1
4
4
0.3
5
5
15
15
0.06
0.06
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two
isotopes cannot be determined.
f The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3.
J Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll
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xiv
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1. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air partic-
ulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national)
impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Continuous air samplers
collect airborne particulates at field stations representing wide geographic coverage throughout
the United States.
Filters (10 cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed routinely, and generally
field measurements are made with a dual-phosphor scintillation counter at least 5 hours after
collection to allow 222Rn progeny to decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA
officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analysis in a gas proportional counter. Gamma
scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta activity greater than 1 pCi/m3. The labora-
tory-obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates because of the decay of naturally
occurring radionuclides during the time between the two measurements.
All stations routinely submit precipitation samples as rainfall, snow, or sleet occurs. The precip-
itation samples are composited at NAREL into single monthly samples for each station. Each
month that precipitation occurs, an aliquant of the composited sample is analyzed for tritium and
gamma-emitting radionuclides. NAREL discontinued gross beta analysis of precipitation in
January 2010.
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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 2011
Location
AK: Anchorage
AK: Fairbanks
AK: Juneau
AL: Birmingham
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Fort Smith
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
AZ: Phoenix/956
AZ: Tucson
CA: Anaheim
CA: Bakersfield
CA: Eureka
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: Riverside
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
CA: San Diego
CA: San Francisco
CA: San Jose
CO: Denver
CO: Grand Junction
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
FL: Orlando
FL: Tallahassee
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
GA: Augusta
HI: Hilo
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IA: Mason City
ID: Idaho Falls
Number
of
Samples
7
7
8
9
9
4
9
9
8
9
8
6
4
5
4
7
9
7
4
9
9
9
6
9
7
7
7
5
9
5
5
4
6
9
9
8
3
9
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
3.2 0.5 1.4
1.3 0.4 0.7
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
3.2 0.1 1.5
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.2 0.5
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 0.3
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.6 0.0 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.003 0.001 0.002
0.007 0.001 0.005
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.020 0.008 0.013
0.016 0.004 0.012
0.013 0.009 0.011
0.016 0.007 0.011
0.019 0.007 0.015
0.018 0.005 0.011
0.022 0.005 0.013
0.022 0.004 0.014
0.030 0.007 0.021
0.006 0.002 0.004
0.019 0.004 0.014
0.014 0.003 0.009
0.017 0.004 0.010
0.019 0.002 0.010
0.023 0.005 0.014
0.019 0.004 0.012
0.008 0.001 0.005
0.016 0.003 0.009
0.021 0.006 0.013
0.027 0.007 0.013
0.010 0.002 0.004
0.014 0.002 0.007
0.009 0.004 0.006
0.010 0.003 0.006
0.003 0.002 0.003
0.008 0.002 0.006
0.015 0.007 0.010
0.009 0.003 0.006
0.010 0.008 0.010
0.009 0.003 0.006
0.006 0.002 0.003
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.013 0.004 0.009
0.015 0.007 0.011
0.012 0.003 0.009
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 2011
Location
IL: Aurora
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
KS: Wichita
KY: Lexington
KY: Louisville
LA: Baton Rouge
LA: Shreveport
MA: Boston
MA: Worcester
MD: Baltimore
ME: Orono
ME: Portland
MI: Bay City 48708
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MI: Lansing
MN: Duluth
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MO: Springfield
MO: St. Louis
MS: Jackson/Deq
MT: Billings
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Kearney
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Edison
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NM: Carlsbad
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
Number
of
Samples
8
6
9
6
9
8
8
9
9
5
9
5
5
4
9
9
9
9
9
5
4
8
8
7
9
4
8
6
4
8
7
9
7
6
7
4
6
4
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.0 0.3
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
2.8 0.0 0.7
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 -0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.6 0.1 0.6
1.1 0.2 0.6
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.017 0.002 0.010
0.021 0.004 0.012
0.021 0.005 0.010
0.014 0.005 0.008
0.016 0.007 0.011
0.015 0.006 0.009
0.022 0.006 0.014
0.012 0.004 0.007
0.010 0.003 0.006
0.009 0.005 0.006
0.010 0.002 0.004
0.016 0.005 0.008
0.010 0.003 0.006
0.007 0.003 0.004
0.008 0.003 0.004
0.019 0.002 0.008
0.019 0.004 0.009
0.022 0.003 0.009
0.063 0.013 0.029
0.010 0.002 0.005
0.018 0.006 0.010
0.010 0.003 0.007
0.016 0.004 0.010
0.012 0.004 0.008
0.013 0.007 0.010
0.015 0.007 0.011
0.015 0.005 0.009
0.010 0.004 0.006
0.007 0.005 0.006
0.013 0.004 0.007
0.014 0.005 0.009
0.015 0.005 0.008
0.005 0.002 0.004
0.007 0.003 0.004
0.014 0.005 0.008
0.011 0.005 0.008
0.022 0.012 0.018
0.013 0.011 0.012
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 2011
Location
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NV: Reno
NY: Albany
NY: Lockport
NY: New York City
NY: Rochester
NY: Syracuse
NY: Yaphank
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OK: Tulsa
OR: Corvallis
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PR: San Juan
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
SD: Rapid City
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Amarillo
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
Number
of
Samples
3
1
7
8
9
4
7
2
5
8
8
7
8
6
8
3
8
9
4
5
7
4
1
3
9
5
4
5
6
9
9
9
9
9
1
4
8
5
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.1 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.9 0.3 0.6
0.6 0.2 0.3
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 -0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.6 0.6
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
2.1 0.0 1.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.015 0.006 0.011
0.009 0.009 0.009
0.019 0.003 0.013
0.021 0.005 0.009
0.020 0.003 0.007
0.012 0.005 0.007
0.012 0.002 0.004
0.013 0.004 0.008
0.006 0.003 0.004
0.018 0.004 0.009
0.017 0.003 0.008
0.017 0.003 0.008
0.034 0.006 0.014
0.013 0.006 0.009
0.014 0.005 0.009
0.009 0.003 0.005
0.008 0.003 0.005
0.012 0.004 0.006
0.009 0.005 0.007
0.017 0.006 0.010
0.013 0.002 0.007
0.009 0.004 0.006
0.009 0.009 0.009
0.010 0.009 0.010
0.014 0.004 0.007
0.016 0.009 0.011
0.013 0.004 0.008
0.016 0.010 0.012
0.015 0.004 0.010
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.024 0.006 0.013
0.021 0.007 0.013
0.019 0.006 0.012
0.020 0.006 0.012
0.014 0.014 0.014
0.013 0.005 0.009
0.010 0.003 0.007
0.019 0.010 0.014
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 2011
Location
TX: Ft. Worth
TX: Harlingen
TX: Houston
TX: Laredo
TX: Lubbock
TX: San Angelo
TX: San Antonio
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Harrisonburg
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Richmond
VA: Virginia Beach
VT: Burlington
WA: Olympia
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
WI: Milwaukee
WV: Charleston
Number
of
Samples
9
3
5
7
3
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
8
8
9
4
9
8
8
5
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.7 0.0 0.2
1.0 0.2 0.6
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.1 0.4
0.9 0.1 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.013 0.006 0.010
0.007 0.004 0.006
0.010 0.007 0.008
0.011 0.004 0.008
0.020 0.010 0.013
0.014 0.005 0.010
0.012 0.004 0.009
0.023 0.006 0.013
0.017 0.004 0.007
0.021 0.006 0.011
0.012 0.003 0.006
0.009 0.004 0.006
0.011 0.002 0.004
0.008 0.002 0.004
0.014 0.002 0.006
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.014 0.003 0.006
0.024 0.001 0.010
0.012 0.004 0.007
0.017 0.006 0.011
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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 2011
Location
AK: Anchorage
AK: Fairbanks
AK: Juneau
AL: Birmingham
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Fort Smith
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
AZ: Phoenix/956
AZ: Tucson
AZ: Yuma
CA: Anaheim
CA: Bakersfield
CA: Eureka
CA: Fresno
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: Riverside
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
CA: San Francisco
CA: San Jose
CO: Denver
CO: Grand Junction
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
FL: Orlando
FL: Tallahassee
GA: Atlanta
GA: Augusta
HI: Hilo
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IA: Mason City
ID: Idaho Falls
Number
of
Samples
7
9
4
8
7
4
6
6
7
8
3
9
7
2
2
3
5
8
7
8
8
7
8
5
7
9
6
7
3
7
4
4
8
8
8
6
5
8
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
3.8 0.3 1.3
1.2 0.3 0.8
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.2 0.0 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.2 0.1 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
5.3 0.0 0.9
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.2 0.6
1.3 0.0 0.5
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.009 0.003 0.005
0.017 0.005 0.010
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.016 0.005 0.009
0.014 0.007 0.010
0.016 0.009 0.013
0.012 0.005 0.009
0.017 0.008 0.013
0.022 0.007 0.012
0.016 0.006 0.010
0.009 0.008 0.009
0.022 0.005 0.011
0.043 0.005 0.018
0.003 0.001 0.002
0.032 0.013 0.022
0.015 0.008 0.012
0.018 0.004 0.010
0.020 0.003 0.011
0.014 0.003 0.007
0.024 0.004 0.013
0.008 0.002 0.004
0.015 0.002 0.007
0.018 0.009 0.012
0.020 0.010 0.015
0.012 0.004 0.008
0.011 0.003 0.008
0.008 0.005 0.006
0.007 0.004 0.005
0.002 0.002 0.002
0.007 0.002 0.005
0.008 0.004 0.007
0.009 0.006 0.007
0.009 0.003 0.005
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.003 0.001 0.002
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.014 0.009 0.011
0.011 0.006 0.008
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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 2011
Location
IL: Aurora
IL: Chicago
IN: Fort Wayne
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
KS: Wichita
KY: Lexington
KY: Louisville
LA: Baton Rouge
LA: Shreveport
MA: Boston
MA: Worcester
MD: Baltimore
ME: Orono
ME: Portland
MI: Bay City 48708
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MI: Lansing
MN: Duluth
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MO: Springfield
MO: St. Louis
MS: Jackson/Deq
MT: Billings
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Kearney
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Edison
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NM: Carlsbad
Number
of
Samples
8
8
1
8
7
6
6
7
7
7
9
8
6
7
4
4
3
7
6
7
5
5
8
6
5
7
5
8
4
5
6
7
7
6
7
8
4
3
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
1.0 0.0 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.0 0.3
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.7 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
1.2 0.0 0.7
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 -0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.9 0.2 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.016 0.009 0.012
0.010 0.005 0.009
0.010 0.010 0.010
0.011 0.007 0.008
0.015 0.005 0.010
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.019 0.009 0.013
0.016 0.009 0.012
0.008 0.005 0.007
0.006 0.003 0.005
0.012 0.005 0.007
0.012 0.003 0.006
0.011 0.006 0.009
0.012 0.004 0.008
0.012 0.003 0.007
0.014 0.004 0.008
0.010 0.009 0.010
0.011 0.007 0.009
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.041 0.025 0.032
0.014 0.006 0.010
0.016 0.009 0.011
0.013 0.004 0.008
0.014 0.005 0.010
0.012 0.005 0.009
0.010 0.004 0.007
0.014 0.006 0.010
0.019 0.005 0.008
0.008 0.005 0.006
0.006 0.005 0.005
0.015 0.004 0.010
0.012 0.005 0.007
0.027 0.005 0.012
0.015 0.004 0.008
0.007 0.004 0.005
0.013 0.004 0.010
0.012 0.008 0.010
0.016 0.012 0.013
-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 2011
Location
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NV: Reno
NY: Albany
NY: Lockport
NY: New York City
NY: Rochester
NY: Syracuse
NY: Yaphank
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OK: Tulsa
OR: Corvallis
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PR: San Juan
RI: Providence
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
SD: Rapid City
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Austin
TX: Dallas
TX: Ft. Worth
TX: Harlingen
Number
of
Samples
5
1
7
8
8
8
3
7
4
3
8
7
7
9
6
7
2
9
8
4
5
8
5
1
7
7
5
4
9
6
6
6
6
6
4
8
6
7
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.1 0.2 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.3 0.5
0.7 0.1 0.4
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 -0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.6 0.0 0.3
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.9 0.3 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.3 0.5
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.021 0.009 0.014
0.011 0.011 0.011
0.026 0.006 0.013
0.024 0.008 0.014
0.020 0.006 0.011
0.012 0.006 0.008
0.009 0.007 0.008
0.009 0.003 0.005
0.010 0.006 0.008
0.005 0.003 0.004
0.010 0.006 0.008
0.009 0.004 0.007
0.011 0.008 0.009
0.015 0.007 0.011
0.020 0.006 0.010
0.021 0.004 0.011
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.005 0.002 0.003
0.014 0.005 0.009
0.009 0.004 0.007
0.012 0.006 0.009
0.015 0.001 0.004
0.008 0.005 0.007
0.010 0.010 0.010
0.011 0.004 0.007
0.020 0.006 0.010
0.009 0.004 0.007
0.009 0.007 0.008
0.010 0.004 0.006
0.015 0.006 0.010
0.017 0.008 0.012
0.017 0.005 0.011
0.016 0.007 0.011
0.015 0.007 0.011
0.015 0.007 0.010
0.014 0.005 0.009
0.014 0.007 0.010
0.011 0.006 0.008
-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 2011
Location
TX: Laredo
TX: San Angelo
TX: San Antonio
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Harrisonburg
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Richmond
VA: Virginia Beach
VT: Burlington
WA: Olympia
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
WI: Milwaukee
WV: Charleston
Number
of
Samples
4
7
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
6
4
7
9
7
5
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.5 0.0 0.3
1.0 0.0 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.4
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.9 0.1 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.010 0.006 0.008
0.017 0.007 0.011
0.011 0.007 0.008
0.014 0.007 0.010
0.009 0.005 0.008
0.011 0.007 0.010
0.006 0.003 0.005
0.008 0.004 0.006
0.012 0.004 0.008
0.005 0.001 0.003
0.008 0.003 0.006
0.003 0.002 0.002
0.008 0.003 0.006
0.017 0.007 0.012
0.014 0.006 0.010
0.013 0.008 0.010
-------
Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 2011
Location
AK: Anchorage
AK: Fairbanks
AK: Juneau
AL: Birmingham
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Fort Smith
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
AZ: Phoenix/956
AZ: Tucson
AZ: Yuma
CA: Anaheim
CA: Bakersfield
CA: Eureka
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: Riverside
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
CA: San Diego
CA: San Francisco
CA: San Jose
CO: Denver
CO: Grand Junction
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
FL: Orlando
FL: Tallahassee
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
GA: Augusta
HI: Hilo
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IA: Mason City
Number
of
Samples
8
5
7
8
9
2
7
8
9
7
3
9
9
4
3
3
8
9
9
1
9
7
10
6
8
8
4
8
4
8
4
6
4
8
9
9
6
6
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 -0.0 -0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
4.6 0.5 2.0
2.0 0.1 0.9
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
5.2 0.0 2.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.2 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.0 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.1 -0.1 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.011 0.004 0.006
0.002 0.001 0.001
0.018 0.006 0.010
0.020 0.007 0.012
0.023 0.013 0.018
0.021 0.007 0.012
0.038 0.007 0.021
0.026 0.005 0.015
0.022 0.004 0.013
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.020 0.009 0.014
0.094 0.010 0.049
0.010 0.003 0.005
0.018 0.007 0.013
0.033 0.008 0.020
0.017 0.007 0.011
0.046 0.008 0.026
0.020 0.008 0.013
0.014 0.014 0.014
0.017 0.003 0.009
0.032 0.004 0.017
0.034 0.009 0.017
0.036 0.014 0.022
0.014 0.005 0.008
0.016 0.005 0.009
0.011 0.005 0.007
0.008 0.003 0.006
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.011 0.003 0.006
0.011 0.007 0.008
0.012 0.003 0.007
0.012 0.005 0.008
0.006 0.002 0.005
0.004 0.002 0.002
0.004 0.001 0.002
0.022 0.007 0.015
0.024 0.009 0.017
10
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 2011
Location
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Aurora
IL: Chicago
IN: Fort Wayne
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Kansas City
KS: Topeka
KS: Wichita
KY: Lexington
KY: Louisville
LA: Baton Rouge
LA: Shreveport
MA: Boston
MA: Worcester
MD: Baltimore
ME: Orono
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MI: Lansing
MN: Duluth
MN: St. Paul
MO: Jefferson City
MO: Springfield
MO: St. Louis
MS: Jackson/Deq
MT: Billings
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Kearney
NE: Lincoln
NE: Omaha
NH: Concord
NJ: Edison
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NM: Carlsbad
Number
of
Samples
9
8
9
1
9
6
8
8
7
8
8
9
9
7
8
5
9
7
8
6
4
7
6
2
9
4
9
4
4
7
9
9
4
9
8
5
3
3
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
1.3 0.1 0.5
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.2 -0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.043 0.005 0.022
0.023 0.007 0.014
0.020 0.007 0.011
0.008 0.008 0.008
0.023 0.005 0.013
0.018 0.007 0.011
0.026 0.010 0.019
0.027 0.007 0.015
0.028 0.010 0.016
0.017 0.005 0.009
0.010 0.003 0.007
0.019 0.007 0.011
0.008 0.003 0.005
0.015 0.007 0.010
0.015 0.005 0.010
0.008 0.004 0.006
0.018 0.004 0.009
0.015 0.006 0.011
0.050 0.015 0.032
0.022 0.005 0.009
0.017 0.005 0.012
0.015 0.005 0.009
0.024 0.013 0.019
0.017 0.010 0.014
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.023 0.009 0.016
0.013 0.005 0.008
0.011 0.004 0.007
0.011 0.004 0.007
0.022 0.005 0.010
0.026 0.005 0.011
0.024 0.006 0.013
0.025 0.008 0.018
0.009 0.003 0.006
0.010 0.003 0.006
0.021 0.006 0.011
0.021 0.014 0.018
0.018 0.013 0.017
11
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 2011
Location
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
NV: Las Vegas/9 13
NV: Reno
NY: Albany
NY: Lockport
NY: New York City
NY: Rochester
NY: Syracuse
NY: Yaphank
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OK: Tulsa
OR: Corvallis
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PR: San Juan
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
SD: Rapid City
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
TX: Austin
TX: Corpus Christi
TX: Dallas
TX: El Paso
Number
of
Samples
4
7
8
7
8
4
7
3
8
9
9
7
8
9
9
7
9
9
4
4
9
5
1
1
8
6
5
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
3
8
4
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.9 0.2 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 -0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 -0.0 -0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.7 0.2 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 -0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.0 0.3
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.2 0.4
1.5 0.2 0.8
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.026 0.007 0.019
0.030 0.009 0.017
0.040 0.009 0.020
0.027 0.006 0.012
0.011 0.005 0.008
0.012 0.004 0.007
0.009 0.003 0.005
0.014 0.009 0.010
0.008 0.003 0.005
0.019 0.005 0.011
0.012 0.003 0.008
0.018 0.005 0.012
0.023 0.005 0.013
0.020 0.007 0.012
0.019 0.008 0.013
0.014 0.002 0.007
0.020 0.002 0.008
0.012 0.003 0.006
0.012 0.005 0.008
0.019 0.007 0.012
0.002 0.001 0.002
0.010 0.003 0.006
0.008 0.008 0.008
0.005 0.005 0.005
0.010 0.005 0.007
0.019 0.008 0.011
0.012 0.003 0.009
0.020 0.010 0.015
0.021 0.007 0.013
0.018 0.005 0.012
0.019 0.006 0.013
0.019 0.007 0.014
0.019 0.006 0.013
0.019 0.006 0.013
0.016 0.010 0.013
0.011 0.005 0.008
0.017 0.008 0.013
0.037 0.022 0.031
12
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 2011
Location
TX: Ft. Worth
TX: Harlingen
TX: Houston
TX: Laredo
TX: Lubbock
TX: San Angelo
TX: San Antonio
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Harrisonburg
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Richmond
VA: Virginia Beach
VT: Burlington
WA: Olympia
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
WI: Milwaukee
WV: Charleston
Number
of
Samples
5
7
9
3
1
5
9
8
9
7
7
8
9
9
9
5
8
8
8
6
5-hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.3 0.6
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.3 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.038 0.010 0.019
0.015 0.002 0.009
0.013 0.004 0.009
0.018 0.007 0.012
0.021 0.021 0.021
0.023 0.010 0.014
0.018 0.005 0.011
0.064 0.007 0.033
0.015 0.005 0.009
0.018 0.007 0.012
0.012 0.003 0.006
0.016 0.003 0.007
0.017 0.004 0.008
0.012 0.001 0.005
0.048 0.002 0.022
0.008 0.002 0.004
0.040 0.002 0.019
0.021 0.005 0.013
0.017 0.006 0.010
0.017 0.005 0.011
13
-------
Table 5
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 2011
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
FL: Jacksonville
GA: Atlanta
MA: Boston
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Nashville
TN:OakRidge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN:OakRidge/Y12E
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Nuclide pCi/L ±
Pb-212 1.4
ND
Cs-137 0.77
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Tl-208 0.75
ND
Tl-208 1.5
ND
Ra-224 24
Tl-208 1.5
ND
Be-7 59
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb-212 2.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2u
1.3
0.64
0.66
1.4
23
1.3
47
2.2
14
-------
Table 6
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 2011
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
FL: Jacksonville
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Kansas City
MA: Boston
MI: Lansing
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN:OakRidge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Nuclide
Tl-208
Tl-208
Pb-212
Bi-212
Tl-208
Be-7
Pb-212
Be-7
Ra-228
Ra-224
Be-7
Tl-208
Pb-212
pCi/L±
ND
ND
1.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.02
2.7
ND
ND
12
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.3
ND
ND
41
1.7
66
4.9
33
57
0.62
ND
ND
ND
2.8
2u
1.3
0.68
2.3
11
1.2
35
1.3
57
3.9
22
37
0.62
2.1
15
-------
Table 7
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 2011
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
FL: Jacksonville
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Kansas City
MA: Boston
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN:OakRidge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Nuclide
Tl-208
Be-7
Ra-228
K-40
Pb-212
Be-7
K-40
Th-227
K-40
K-40
Tl-208
Tl-208
Pb-212
Bi-212
Tl-208
K-40
pCi/L±
ND
0.71
36
2.5
102
16
55
14
ND
ND
ND
9.4
18
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
15
ND
1.5
1.3
ND
2.8
9.4
1.2
ND
ND
ND
13
ND
2u
0.66
34
2.1
71
15
55
12
6.8
13
13
1.2
1.1
2.3
9.3
1.2
11
16
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
October-December 2011
Location
AL: Montgomery/408
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
FL: Jacksonville
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Kansas City
MA: Boston
MI: Lansing
MN: St. Paul
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
October 2011
pCi/L ±2u
-66 94
-44 94
NS
-23 94
-21 95
28 81
-7 79
-62 93
NS
NS
NS
-13 79
0 95
-27 94
-4 80
-18 79
NS
-15 96
6 80
29 81
40 98
-96 92
4 80
NS
-4 95
-65 93
110 100
-36 95
-68 93
NS
-65 92
-53 93
-70 93
November 2011
pCi/L ±2«
-6 89
-50 88
51 78
60 78
47 77
-78 92
10 90
-54 87
15 76
51 78
-28 89
68 93
-18 88
NS
18 90
-10 89
-48 93
NS
58 92
4 90
-50 87
31 77
-84 86
-30 88
-60 87
46 92
-6 90
-14 88
-22 89
NS
71 79
38 92
-13 75
December 2011
pCi/L ±2u
94 95
-80 85
-75 86
730 120
2 89
53 78
-5 75
11 76
-61 86
-39 87
-61 86
51 78
NS
-37 87
47 77
33 77
18 77
NS
29 77
7 75
60 93
-2 89
40 78
-48 89
36 77
64 93
260 100
20 91
-57 87
-118 84
NS
7 76
-36 88
Note: NS = No Sample
17
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis of
annually composited samples (air filters) collected from the airborne particulate samplers.
Plutonium and uranium results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of the following
year.
Concentrations of plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and
238 are determined by alpha-particle spectrometry following chemical separation. The volume of
air represented by the annual composite typically ranges from 120,000 to 500,000 cubic meters.
18
-------
2. Drinking Water Program
The RadNet drinking water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's
drinking water supplies. Sampling sites are either major population centers or selected nuclear
facility environs.
Drinking water data are used to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations. The analysis
scheme for RadNet samples is similar to that of EPA's "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross
beta, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and
radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L on annual composites; (d) iodine-131
on one quarterly sample per year for each station; (e) plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239
and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater
than 2 pCi/L on annual composites; and (f) strontium-90 on one-fourth of the annual composites
on a four year rotating schedule. Composite results are published in the ERD for the third quarter
of the following year.
RadNet drinking water data should not be used to monitor compliance with drinking water regu-
lations or for comparisons to those data since different procedures for collection and analysis
may be used.
Note: The protocol for drinking water collection and analysis changed in 2011 as a result of the
laboratory's response to the Fukushima Nuclear Incident (FNI) in March. An aliquot of each
drinking water sample collected during this quarter was shipped another laboratory for gamma
analysis. The results of those analyses are not reported in the ERDs. The aliquot retained by
NAREL was analyzed for 131I, and those results are reported in this ERD. Information on RadNet
data analyzed as part of the FNI response can be found at www.epa.gov/japan2011.
19
-------
Table 9
Tritium in Drinking Water
October-December 2011
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MD: Baltimore
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: St. Paul
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
Date
Collected
10/12/11
10/13/11
10/12/11
10/04/11
10/03/11
10/12/11
10/17/11
10/03/11
10/07/11
10/11/11
10/10/11
12/06/11
12/13/11
12/19/11
10/31/11
10/11/11
10/24/11
11/16/11
12/05/11
12/08/11
12/16/11
10/05/11
12/22/11
10/04/11
10/04/11
10/07/11
10/12/11
10/11/11
11/22/11
11/23/11
10/07/11
11/01/11
11/22/11
11/28/11
12/30/11
12/14/11
10/24/11
10/12/11
11/09/11
10/11/11
3H
pCi/L ±2«
64 89
34 88
90 91
46 93
66 93
32 88
4 87
10 90
7 81
80 90
18 88
-58 79
42 82
-47 78
23 83
72 89
4 83
-41 81
-87 78
-63 77
-11 79
15 81
14 80
56 93
-8 90
-16 79
44 88
48 89
-57 80
14 82
-11 80
0 82
27 84
-52 80
32 81
-33 79
-73 79
189 96
-28 81
60 90
20
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
October-December 2011
Location
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge/#360
TN:OakRidge/#371
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442
TN:OakRidge/#768
TN: Oak Ridge/#772
TX: Austin
VA: Ashland
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
11/28/11
11/16/11
11/30/11
10/05/11
12/29/11
12/07/11
12/07/11
12/07/11
11/15/11
11/23/11
10/17/11
10/18/11
10/12/11
10/10/11
11/08/11
10/04/11
10/04/11
10/04/11
10/04/11
10/04/11
10/20/11
12/16/11
10/06/11
11/02/11
10/27/11
3H
pCi/L ±2«
-112 77
-23 81
12 83
151 97
-2 80
-29 78
20 81
-13 80
-4 82
-75 79
24 89
109 92
74 90
52 89
-55 80
58 89
40 82
33 82
-4 90
-27 90
36 88
3840 240
64 89
-32 82
-28 81
21
-------
Table 10
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2011
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Montgomery
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
AR: Little Rock
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Richmond
CA: Richmond
CA: Richmond
CO: Denver
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
FL: Tampa
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Boise
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
Date
Collected
03/08/11
04/13/11
04/04/11
04/29/11
02/17/11
04/01/11
04/15/11
03/31/11
04/27/11
03/30/11
04/28/11
02/25/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
04/04/11
04/12/11
02/23/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
03/30/11
04/13/11
04/06/11
04/14/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
01/28/11
03/29/11
04/18/11
03/29/11
04/14/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/28/11
04/19/11
02/24/11
04/13/11
02/11/11
03/28/11
04/14/11
03/10/11
131j
pCi/L ± 2«
0.04 0.17
0.05 0.17
0.03 0.13
0.05 0.28
0.12 0.34
0.12 0.14
0.031 0.087
0.16 0.15
0.01 0.17
0.16 0.20
0.09 0.17
0.04 0.12
0.07 0.15
0.07 0.15
0.39 0.14
0.18 0.11
-0.05 0.16
0.06 0.23
0.08 0.12
0.17 0.16
-0.20 0.34
-0.05 0.19
0.07 0.13
-0.05 0.14
0.02 0.11
-0.08 0.14
0.04 0.35
0.09 0.19
0.16 0.19
-0.06 0.12
0.09 0.13
0.00 0.12
0.03 0.14
0.02 0.14
0.10 0.13
0.04 0.13
0.09 0.12
0.13 0.19
0.20 0.13
0.09 0.16
-0.04 0.17
22
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2011
Location
ID: Idaho Falls
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
IL: W. Chicago
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
LA: New Orleans
MD: Baltimore
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
MD: Conowingo
MI: Detroit
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: St. Paul
MN: St. Paul
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MO: Jefferson City
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Charlotte
NC: Raleigh
ND: Bismarck
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NE: Lincoln
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NH: Concord
Date
Collected
03/28/11
04/15/11
03/29/11
04/19/11
02/07/11
04/05/11
04/27/11
03/31/11
04/14/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
04/19/11
03/31/11
04/27/11
03/29/11
04/21/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
02/03/11
03/28/11
04/12/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
04/19/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
04/13/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
02/03/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
04/07/11
04/07/11
131j
pCi/L ± 2u
0.05 0.11
-0.05 0.13
0.09 0.40
-0.09 0.13
0.07 0.16
0.06 0.37
-0.08 0.33
0.08 0.31
0.15 0.12
-0.01 0.12
0.09 0.11
0.01 0.16
0.17 0.27
0.01 0.12
0.04 0.14
0.27 0.16
0.11 0.30
0.04 0.17
0.24 0.27
0.01 0.15
0.16 0.13
-0.10 0.16
0.05 0.39
0.08 0.12
0.07 0.16
-0.01 0.12
0.01 0.12
0.15 0.18
-0.02 0.11
0.18 0.15
0.063 0.091
0.13 0.20
0.00 0.16
0.071 0.098
0.10 0.10
0.10 0.13
0.02 0.17
0.02 0.13
0.10 0.11
0.09 0.16
0.13 0.14
23
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2011
Location
NH: Concord
NH: Concord
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NJ: Waretown
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: New York City
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY: Syracuse
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Paine sville
OH: Painesville
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OK: Oklahoma City
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
Date
Collected
04/12/11
04/18/11
04/25/11
01/24/11
03/29/11
01/24/11
03/28/11
04/19/11
03/28/11
04/18/11
03/30/11
04/15/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
02/23/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
03/31/11
04/13/11
02/03/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
01/28/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
03/30/11
04/14/11
02/22/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
03/30/11
02/17/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/25/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
03/29/11
131j
pCi/L ± 2«
0.02 0.26
0.04 0.15
-0.12 0.20
0.28 0.17
0.38 0.16
-0.03 0.18
0.38 0.34
-0.10 0.28
0.10 0.18
-0.11 0.24
-0.01 0.19
-0.02 0.15
-0.07 0.11
0.10 0.12
0.04 0.14
-0.03 0.13
0.03 0.13
0.14 0.13
0.103 0.092
-0.06 0.21
0.02 0.12
0.03 0.13
0.12 0.19
0.13 0.12
0.03 0.12
0.03 0.12
0.20 0.12
0.42 0.11
0.14 0.11
-0.08 0.16
0.43 0.18
0.22 0.12
0.15 0.19
-0.19 0.31
-0.04 0.20
0.06 0.18
0.10 0.32
0.06 0.14
0.20 0.11
0.06 0.15
0.10 0.13
24
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2011
Location
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Baxter
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Belmont
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Philadelphia/Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
PA: Pittsburgh
PJ: Providence
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Columbia
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Knoxville
TN: Knoxville
TN:OakRidge/#360
TN: Oak Ridge/#360
TN:OakRidge/#360
TN:OakRidge/#371
TN:OakRidge/#371
TN:OakRidge/#371
Date
Collected
04/14/11
02/14/11
04/04/11
04/14/11
08/31/11
12/07/11
02/14/11
04/04/11
04/14/11
08/31/11
12/07/11
02/14/11
04/04/11
04/14/11
08/31/11
12/07/11
03/28/11
04/14/11
03/30/11
04/15/11
03/31/11
04/14/11
01/28/11
03/30/11
04/14/11
01/27/11
03/30/11
04/13/11
04/04/11
04/18/11
03/28/11
04/15/11
02/07/11
04/05/11
04/13/11
01/25/11
03/29/11
04/14/11
01/25/11
03/29/11
04/14/11
131j
pCi/L ± 2«
0.133 0.098
0.42 0.26
0.46 0.14
0.36 0.11
0.07 0.19
0.26 0.14
2.90 0.37
1.29 0.19
1.87 0.24
0.57 0.18
0.16 0.34
2.58 0.34
2.21 0.28
1.25 0.19
1.32 0.25
0.09 0.14
0.36 0.15
0.11 0.15
0.00 0.18
0.09 0.25
0.03 0.15
0.02 0.19
0.04 0.17
0.08 0.26
0.05 0.15
0.22 0.18
0.07 0.16
0.11 0.17
0.10 0.25
0.04 0.15
1.65 0.24
0.00 0.13
0.01 0.16
0.28 0.28
0.061 0.089
0.03 0.17
0.18 0.13
0.11 0.14
-0.03 0.14
0.63 0.13
0.01 0.15
25
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2011
Location
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442
TN:OakRidge/#4442
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442
TN:OakRidge/#768
TN: Oak Ridge/#768
TN:OakRidge/#768
TN:OakRidge/#772
TN:OakRidge/#772
TN:OakRidge/#772
TX: Austin
TX: Austin
VA: Ashland
VA: Ashland
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Richland
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Madison
WI: Madison
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
01/25/11
03/29/11
04/14/11
01/25/11
03/29/11
04/14/11
01/25/11
03/29/11
04/14/11
03/28/11
04/12/11
03/29/11
04/15/11
03/28/11
03/28/11
04/11/11
02/24/11
03/28/11
04/13/11
03/28/11
03/07/11
03/29/11
04/13/11
131j
pCi/L ± 2«
0.06 0.17
0.28 0.13
0.04 0.17
0.05 0.16
0.01 0.14
0.00 0.18
-0.05 0.16
0.20 0.13
0.01 0.29
0.04 0.11
0.08 0.12
0.07 0.10
-0.03 0.16
0.12 0.12
0.06 0.11
0.12 0.14
0.04 0.13
0.23 0.12
0.02 0.31
-0.05 0.15
-0.05 0.27
-0.041 0.099
-0.005 0.088
26
-------
3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of certain radionuclides since it is
consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically
significant radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A
primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radio-
nuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Milk samples are collected quarterly at each of the sampling sites. The samples are analyzed for
gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40.
Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from potassium-40 activities assuming
natural isotopic abundances. During the third quarter collection, one-fourth of the samples are
also analyzed for strontium-90 on a four year rotating schedule.
27
-------
Table 11
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October-December 2011
Location
AR: Fayetteville
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: San Francisco
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Plant City
HI: Hilo
IA: Des Moines
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MO: Jefferson City
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Pittsburgh
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Dallas
TX: Dallas
TX: San Antonio
WA: Spokane
WA: Tacoma
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
12/10/11
12/16/11
12/12/11
10/12/11
12/12/11
10/24/11
10/18/11
10/12/11
11/08/11
11/30/11
10/05/11
12/16/11
10/05/11
11/15/11
10/25/11
10/12/11
10/20/11
12/12/11
10/06/11
12/13/11
12/15/11
10/10/11
10/04/11
10/05/11
10/03/11
10/17/11
10/17/11
10/17/11
10/24/11
10/27/11
12/27/11
10/17/11
K
g/L ±2w
1.63 0.19
1.68 0.20
1.70 0.19
1.88 0.22
1.58 0.19
1.64 0.20
1.65 0.19
1.74 0.20
1.70 0.19
1.69 0.19
1.71 0.19
1.64 0.19
1.68 0.19
1.67 0.20
1.65 0.19
1.63 0.19
1.59 0.19
1.67 0.20
1.71 0.20
1.70 0.20
1.62 0.19
1.69 0.19
1.57 0.18
1.58 0.18
1.61 0.19
1.65 0.19
1.63 0.19
1.61 0.20
1.52 0.18
1.64 0.19
1.65 0.19
1.61 0.20
137Cs
pCi/L ±2«
ND
ND
ND
2.5 2.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2«
ND
ND
ND
NR
ND
NR
NR
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NR
NR
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ND
NR
mj
pCi/L ±2«
ND
NR
NR
NR
ND
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ND
ND
ND
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ND
NR
NR
NR
ND
ND
ND
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ND
NR
Note: ND = Not detected
NR = No result (not analyzed within 5 half-lives of collection)
28
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For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet and the data that are generated
should be directed as follows:
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet, the data that are generated, or
publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
email: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
Jonathan Edwards
USEPA - ORIA
Radiation Protection Division (MC6608J)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
email: edwards.jonathan@epa.gov
***
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