Environmental Radiation Data Report 77 January


                                       402-R-94-017
ENVIRONMENTAL




RADIATION




DATA
                   REPORT 77




                January-March  1994
     United States Environmental Protection Agency




           Office of Radiation and Indoor Air

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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Of-
fice of Radiation and Indoor Air's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
(NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation
Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contribut-
ing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
It is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air, surface and
drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived.
The major emphasis for ERAMS is upon identifying trends in the accumulation of long-
lived radionuclides in the environment.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning
to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the
environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and
gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides
ancillary information on natural background levels and on routine and accidental releases
into the environment from stationary sources.
The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the ERAMS samples are con-
tained in the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual
(EPA 520/5-84-006). Station operation and sample collection are in accordance with pro-
cedures contained in the ERAMS Manual (EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).
in

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                       Data  Reporting Rationale
    Frequently, there is little or no radioactivity in environmental media.  Thus, the results
of laboratory analyses should show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about
zero. A negative value occurs when a previously determined background value is subtracted
from a sample value that is less  than that of the background.  From July 1975 to March
1991, ERAMS data were reported as calculated, whether the results were negative, zero, or
positive. Since April 1991, negative results have been denoted as "not detectable," or "ND."
For gamma analyses only, results less than the 2
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                                   Table  1

   ERAMS  Reporting Increments and  Minimum Detectable

             Concentrations for Radionuclide  Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
| Gross Beta
Tritium
It Plutonium-238,239/240
t Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
H Iodine- 131
Cesium- 137
H Barium- 140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Reporting
Units
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
nCi/m2
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/L
0.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/L
0.01 nCi/m2
Minimum
Detectable
Concentrations
2 pCi/L
0.0015 pCi/m3
2 pCi/L
0.005 nCi/m2
(specific radiochemical analyses)
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
nCi/L
nCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
0.1 nCi/L
0.1 nCi/L
0.1 aCi/m3
0.001 pCi/L
0.1 aCi/m3
0.001 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
0.1 g/L
0.1 g/L
1 pCi/L
0.15 nCi/L
0.15 nCi/L
1.5 aCi/m3
0.1 pCi/L
1.5 aCi/m3
0.1 pCi/L
0.02 pCi/L
2 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
0.3 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
0.06 g/L
0.06 g/L
50 pCi/L
 t The MDC for precipitation is based on the assumption of 1 cm of precipitation.
                                                  Q

|| The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 60,000 m . Measurement by alpha spectroscopy includes


  contributions of plutonium-239 and plutonium-240.


 £ The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 60,000 i


££ Activity as of the day of counting.
3
                                       XI
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                               1.   Air Program
                      Airborne Participates and Precipitation

    Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on
air participates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general
(national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
    Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide ge-
ographic coverage,  including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity.
Sampling sites are located throughout the United States.
    Filters (10-cm  diameter synthetic  fiber)  from air  samplers are changed twice weekly
and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter j at 5 hours and 29 hours after
collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates  are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail  depending on the activity levels found.
    The filters  are  sent to  NAREL for more sensitive analyses in  a low background beta
counter.  Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than
IpCi/m3. The laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to
the decay of naturally occurring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.
    Precipitation samples  are  collected at those field stations  collecting air filters.  These
samples are also sent  to  NAREL  where they are composited monthly  for gamma  scans,
tritium, and gross beta activity measurements. A composite of the March, April, and May
precipitation samples is analyzed for plutonium-238, -239,  -240, and uranium-234, -235, and
-238.
    A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radi-
ation Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue,  Montgomery, AL  36115-2601.

    Tables 2-4 contain the data from airborne particulate  samples for January-March 1994.
Tables 5-7 contain the data from precipitation samples for January-March 1994.  Table 8
contains  the  data from tritium  in precipitation  samples for  January-March  1994 at the
selected sites.
  J The counts at five hours for the Montgomery, Alabama, station are performed on a low background beta counter.


                                           1
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              Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
            January 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
KY: Frankfort
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
Number
of
Samples
7
9
9
3
8
8
9
9
8
5
9
5
9
8
9
6
8
9
4
6
2
6
9
4
8
8
6
5
5
3
8
6
7
9
4
8
2
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
1.3 0.5 0.8
4.9 0.0 0.7
0.3 0.0 0.2
1.3 0.2 0.6
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
2.0 0.2 0.9
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.0 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.11 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.04 0.00 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.04 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
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                 Table 2  (continued)
       Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
                     January 1994
Location
NY:Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH:Painesville
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA:Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI : Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
5
8
8
9
8
7
8
2
8
8
1
8
8
9
9
9
3
1
9
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.2
1.9 0.5 1.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.03
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.04 0.02 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.00 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates — 0.1
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              Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
           February 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
KY: Frankfort
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY:Yaphank
Number
of
Samples
9
8
8
4
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
5
8
8
8
5
8
8
3
4
3
7
8
4
8
8
8
4
7
8
8
6
8
4
8
2
8
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.4 0.5
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.3 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
-------
                 Table 3  (continued)
       Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
                    February 1994
Location
OH: Columbus
OH:Painesville
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA:Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
3
8
9
8
8
6
8
2
9
8
1
8
7
8
8
2
8
8
8
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
2.1 0.4 1.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.00 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates — 0.1
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              Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
             March 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
KY: Frankfort
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY:Yaphank
Number
of
Samples
9
9
7
5
9
9
9
9
10
9
7
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
6
2
7
9
5
9
9
5
3
9
9
9
8
9
5
9
5
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.3 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
1.5 0.4 1.0
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
-------
                 Table 4 (continued)
       Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
                      March 1994
Location
OH: Columbus
OH:Painesville
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA:Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
5
9
9
9
7
9
8
1
8
7
3
10
10
9
9
4
6
9
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.2
2.3 0.1 1.0
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.5 0.0 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates — 0.1
-------
                      Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
                    January 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
LA: New Orleans
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NJ: Trenton
NY : Albany
OH : Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA:Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WI : Madison
Depth
(mm)
95.0
121.0
71.8
6.0
245.2
85.2
45.0
45.0
0.0
43.4
54.0
21.0
39.0
118.0
63.0
3.4
94.4
26.6
30.4
75.6
32.0
132.4
140.4
110.2
10.0
86.6
40.0
17.0
99.0
96.0
55.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2a
0 . 34 0 . 04
0.26 0.04
0.04 0.02
0.02 0.00
0.17 0.07
0.15 0.03
0.11 0.02
0.05 0.01
0.00 0.00
0.18 0.02
0.04 0.02
0.03 0.01
0.01 0.01
0.24 0.04
0.05 0.02
0.01 0.00
0.22 0.04
0.07 0.01
0.12 0.01
0.05 0.02
0.03 0.01
0.30 0.05
0.27 0.05
0.17 0.04
0.04 0.00
0.12 0.03
0.07 0.01
0.01 0.01
0.08 0.03
0.05 0.02
0.27 0.03
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
7Be: 82.3±46.1
7Be: 79.9±35.9
ND
7Be: 138±29
40K: 39.8±33.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
40K: 57.2±23.5
7Be: 77.4±31.4
ND
7Be: 28.8±24.0
ND
7Be: 51.1±32.3
7Be: 94.2±38.9
7Be: 42.0±24.2
7Be: 47.3±23.8
7Be: 34.2±27.6
7Be: 28.6±27.7
7Be: 38.5±22.6
7Be: 68.2±26.7
ND
7Be: 63.0±23.1
ND
ND
7Be: 34.5±25.2
ND
   Note: a = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.
-------
                      Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
                    February 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
ID: Boise
IL: Chicago
LA: New Orleans
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI : Madison
Depth
(mm)
88.4
67.0
24.0
125.2
11.4
40.0
23.2
91.8
47.0
20.0
13.8
46.0
5.0
41.0
63.0
78.0
9.4
53.8
14.0
14.6
14.4
14.0
8.6
12.0
109.0
88.0
145.8
129.6
47.0
127.6
9.0
45.8
74.0
191.6
55.2
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2<7
0.08 0.03
0.10 0.02
0.02 0.01
0.05 0.03
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01
0.03 0.01
0.05 0.03
0.09 0.02
0.06 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.05 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.05 0.01
0.18 0.03
0.12 0.03
0.03 0.00
0.11 0.02
0.02 0.01
0.03 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.07 0.01
0.03 0.00
0.01 0.00
0.13 0.03
0.15 0.03
0.18 0.05
0.43 0.06
0.05 0.01
0.12 0.04
0.01 0.00
0.26 0.03
0.06 0.02
0.12 0.05
0.02 0.01
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
ND
7Be: 36.7±33.1
ND
ND
7Be: 35.6±34.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 52.2±34.0
ND
ND
7Be: 82.7±31.9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 153±34
7Be: 79.5±35.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 26.6±20.7
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 103±51
ND
   Note: a = Counting; Error. ND = Not Detectable.
-------
                      Table 7
Gross Beta and  Specific  Gamma in Precipitation
                     March 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
LA: New Orleans
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI : Madison
Depth
(mm)
40.0
132.0
111.0
33.0
8.4
8.6
50.0
101.0
43.6
13.4
99.0
10.0
19.2
74.8
104.0
13.0
43.0
40.0
111.0
96.0
131.4
25.0
4.6
105.0
56.0
24.0
41.4
55.0
49.0
181.6
66.6
117.4
74.8
131.2
8.0
10.2
97.8
132.8
11.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2a
0.02 0.01
0.18 0.04
0.21 0.04
0.03 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.01 0.00
0.08 0.02
0.11 0.03
0.03 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.19 0.04
0.01 0.00
0.03 0.01
0.05 0.02
0.12 0.03
0.02 0.00
0.06 0.01
0.02 0.01
0.19 0.04
0.03 0.02
0.15 0.04
0.02 0.01
0.05 0.00
0.08 0.03
0.02 0.02
0.03 0.01
0.12 0.02
0.07 0.02
0.03 0.01
0.18 0.06
0.15 0.03
0.12 0.03
0.04 0.02
0.16 0.04
0.01 0.00
0.02 0.00
0.04 0.03
0.06 0.03
0.02 0.00
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
7Be: 44.0±26.8
ND
7Be: 52.5±31.0
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 62.7±36.0
7Be: 44.3±40.9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 45.0±22.9
ND
ND
7Be: 36.9±27.7
ND
7Be: 36.2±24.9
7Be: 38.5±29.2
40K: 46.2±34.5
7Be: 30.5±21.1
7Be: 21.5±20.9
7Be: 34.4±25.1
7Be: 174±40
ND
7Be: 42.9±26.5
7Be: 58.8±24.0
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 40.7±27.3
7Be: 40.0±32.9
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 70.4±32.5
   Note: a = Counting; Error. ND = Not Detectable.
                          10
-------
                     Table 8
           Tritium in Precipitation
               January-March 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
LA: New Orleans
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Port land
PA : Harr isburg
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WI : Madison
January 1994
nCi/L ±2<7
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
NS
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
NS
NS
0.2 0.1
NS
NS
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
1.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
February 1994
nCi/L ±2<7
NS
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
NS
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
NS
0.2 0.1
0.4 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.5 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
NS
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
March 1994
nCi/L ±2a
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
NS
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.8 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
Note: cr = Counting Error. NS = No Sample.
                         11
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      Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

    Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis
of semiannually composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating
airborne particulate samplers.

    Concentrations of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-
234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy following chemical separation. The
volume of air represented by the semiannual composite ranges from 60,000 to 250,000 cubic
meters.

    Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
                                          12
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                            2.  Water Program
    The ERAMS water program provides data on ambient radiation levels in the nation's
rivers, streams, and drinking water supplies.

                                   Surface Water

    Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities
at 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and specific gamma
activity annually. Tritium is a primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and
weapons production activities.  Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples.  Gamma scans are  performed annually to determine levels of
gamma  emitting radionuclides.

    Table 9 contains the tritium concentration data for January-March 1994.
                                          13
-------
         Table 9
Tritium in Surface Water
    January-March 1994
Location
AL:Decatur
AL : Gordon
AL:Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA:Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA:San Onofre
CO:Platteville
CT:East Haddam
CT:Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL:Ft. Pierce
FL: Home stead
GA:Baxley
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID : Buhl
IL:Zion
KS:Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA : Plymouth
MD : Conowingo
MD : Lusby
ME:Wiscasset
MI :Bridgman
MI : Monroe
MI: South Haven
MN:Monticello
MN:Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Southport
NE:Rulo
NJ:Bayside
NJ: Oyster Creek
NV: Boulder City
NY: Chelsea
NY : Croton-On-Hudson
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Missouri River
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Colorado River
Hudson River
Hudson River
Date
Collected
01/12/94
01/13/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/18/94
03/28/94
02/16/94
01/06/94
01/10/94
01/10/94
01/11/94
01/10/94
01/14/94
01/11/94
01/20/94
01/07/94
03/29/94
03/29/94
01/29/94
02/03/94
01/24/94
01/11/94
01/11/94
03/31/94
01/03/94
03/31/94
01/05/94
01/04/94
01/04/94
01/12/94
01/04/94
01/12/94
01/25/94
01/13/94
03/02/94
01/10/94
03/11/94
3H
nCi/L ±2<7
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
             14
-------
               Table 9  (continued)
           Tritium in  Surface Water
                January-March 1994
Location
NY: Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR:Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC:Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC:Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TN:Oak Ridge
TX:Matagorda
VA:Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT:Vernon
WA:Northport
WA:Richland
WI:Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Susquehanna River
Delaware River-Baxter
Schuylkill River-Queen
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Clinch River
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
03/17/94
01/02/94
01/12/94
02/02/94
03/02/94
03/02/94
03/02/94
01/31/94
01/13/94
01/07/94
01/10/94
01/04/94
02/15/94
01/11/94
01/05/94
01/17/94
03/09/94
01/19/94
01/06/94
02/24/94
01/10/94
01/10/94
3H
nCi/L ±2a
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
2.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
2.9 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.1
0.4 0.2
0.2 0.2
2.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
Note: cr = Counting Error.
                         15
-------
                                   Drinking Water

    This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data
serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set
forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations
provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/L, when the gross alpha (excluding  radon and uranium) levels do not exceed
15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do
not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.

    Grab samples  are  taken at the  78  sites which are either major  population centers or
selected nuclear facility environs.

    The analyses include (a) tritium  on  a quarterly basis;  (b) gross  alpha,  gross beta,
strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites;  (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds
2 pCi/L and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) specific iodine-
131 on one quarterly  sample per year  for each station;  and (e) an annual composite for
plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and  uranium-234,  -235, and -238 for stations that demon-
strate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.

    Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples.  Gross
beta and alpha are determined by evaporating an aliquot on a stainless steel planchet for
counting. Radium-226 is determined by the standard emanation technique.  Strontium-90 is
determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.

    Table 10 contains the data from drinking water samples for January-March 1994.
                                          16
-------
         Table 10
Tritium in Drinking Water
     January-March 1994
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AL : Dothan
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CO:Platteville
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL : Miami
FL : Tampa
GA:Baxley
GA : Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA : Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL:W. Chicago
KS : Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD : Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN:Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
Date
Collected
01/13/94
01/13/94
01/12/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
03/31/94
01/03/94
01/07/94
01/06/94
01/04/94
01/18/94
01/31/94
01/20/94
01/11/94
03/18/94
01/06/94
01/20/94
01/03/94
01/21/94
01/31/94
01/03/94
01/03/94
01/19/94
01/03/94
01/24/94
01/13/94
01/18/94
01/13/94
01/11/94
01/01/94
01/20/94
01/04/94
01/12/94
01/12/94
01/04/94
01/04/94
03/22/94
01/11/94
01/13/94
01/12/94
01/10/94
3H
nCi/L ±2a
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.5 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
             17
-------
        Table 10 (continued)
    Tritium in  Drinking Water
         January-March 1994
Location
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: East Liverpool
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA:Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia-Baxter
PA : Philadelphia-Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
PC:Corozal
RI : Providence
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN:Knoxville
TX: Austin
VA:Doswell
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa City
WI : Madison
Date
Collected
01/03/94
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/07/94
03/18/94
03/31/94
02/17/94
01/04/94
01/02/94
03/23/94
01/05/94
01/26/94
01/27/94
03/02/94
03/02/94
03/02/94
02/17/94
01/12/94
01/01/94
01/14/94
01/04/94
01/14/94
01/25/94
02/02/94
01/26/94
01/04/94
03/08/94
01/04/94
01/03/94
01/06/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/07/94
3H
nCi/L ±2<7
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
Note: a = Counting Error.
                  18
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                              3.   Milk Program
                                  Pasteurized Milk

    Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake  of radionuclides since it
is  consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the
biologically  important radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear
activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable  monitoring data relative
to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.

    Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with  at least one located in each
state, Puerto Rico, and  the Panama Canal Zone.  The samples are composited, according
to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.

    The samples are analyzed for  gamma emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-
140, cesium-137, and potassium. All samples collected in July are analyzed for strontium-90.
Also, for the first  month of the three quarters beginning January, April, and October, 10
regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions
are analyzed for strontium-90.

    Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium are determined by gamma spectral
analysis. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has
been chemically separated by ion exchange.

    Tables 11-13 contain the concentrations of radionuclides in pasteurized milk for January-
March 1994.  Table 14 contains the concentrations of strontium-90 in pasteurized milk EPA
Regional Composites for January 1994.
                                          19
-------
            Table 11
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
           January 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
ND : Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH : C inc innat i
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
Date
Collected
01/10/94
01/04/94
01/12/94
01/03/94
01/04/94
01/06/94
01/10/94
01/05/94
01/11/94
01/03/94
01/11/94
01/10/94
01/03/94
01/06/94
01/10/94
01/26/94
01/03/94
01/03/94
01/06/94
01/05/94
01/05/94
01/03/94
01/13/94
01/06/94
01/14/94
01/24/94
01/04/94
01/06/94
01/25/94
01/04/94
01/19/94
01/13/94
01/07/94
01/28/94
01/03/94
01/03/94
01/05/94
K
g/L ±2(7
1.54 0.09
1.56 0.06
1.59 0.08
1.67 0.08
1.66 0.09
1.64 0.09
1.55 0.06
1.65 0.06
1.59 0.06
1.66 0.09
1.49 0.08
1.64 0.08
1.57 0.06
1.64 0.12
1.55 0.08
1.49 0.14
1.67 0.09
1.47 0.13
1.56 0.14
1.67 0.09
1.67 0.09
1.54 0.09
1.64 0.09
1.61 0.09
1.68 0.07
1.63 0.08
1.66 0.09
1.61 0.06
1.51 0.09
1.70 0.08
1.62 0.14
1.54 0.09
1.62 0.09
1.57 0.09
1.68 0.06
1.64 0.09
1.69 0.09
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
5 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131 1
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                20
-------
                   Table 11 (continued)
           Radionuclides in  Pasteurized Milk
                       January 1994
Location
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
TN : Knoxville
TN : Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
01/03/94
01/07/94
01/06/94
01/03/94
01/09/94
01/05/94
01/11/94
01/11/94
01/04/94
01/04/94
01/03/94
01/10/94
K
g/L ±2a
1.58 0.05
1.61 0.08
1.48 0.09
1.63 0.08
1.58 0.14
1.61 0.08
1.55 0.09
1.60 0.08
1.60 0.09
1.66 0.08
1.68 0.09
1.57 0.08
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
7 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131Z
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting; Error. ND = Not Detectable.
                             21
-------
            Table 12
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
           February 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA:Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO : Denver
DE: Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
LA: New Orleans
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
ND : Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH : C inc innat i
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
Date
Collected
02/10/94
02/03/94
02/07/94
02/01/94
02/07/94
02/07/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/08/94
02/07/94
02/07/94
02/04/94
02/07/94
02/22/94
02/08/94
02/17/94
02/08/94
02/04/94
02/11/94
02/07/94
02/07/94
02/02/94
02/28/94
02/03/94
02/17/94
02/01/94
02/01/94
02/10/94
02/07/94
02/08/94
02/07/94
02/07/94
02/17/94
02/28/94
02/08/94
02/07/94
02/07/94
K
g/L ±2(7
1.59 0.06
1.60 0.09
1.61 0.06
1.50 0.09
1.66 0.09
1.69 0.09
1.60 0.09
1.61 0.09
1.48 0.09
1.60 0.14
1.57 0.09
1.73 0.09
1.61 0.06
1.69 0.09
1.58 0.09
1.58 0.06
1.63 0.08
1.60 0.06
1.63 0.06
1.69 0.09
1.64 0.08
1.66 0.09
1.61 0.07
1.66 0.09
1.57 0.06
1.64 0.09
1.80 0.08
1.58 0.14
1.38 0.13
1.57 0.10
1.58 0.08
1.64 0.09
1.57 0.08
1.60 0.09
1.72 0.08
1.61 0.08
1.54 0.07
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131-j-
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                22
-------
                   Table 12  (continued)
           Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
                       February 1994
Location
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
TN : Knoxville
TN : Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
02/09/94
02/04/94
02/10/94
02/07/94
02/08/94
02/16/94
02/08/94
02/14/94
02/03/94
02/25/94
02/08/94
02/01/94
02/07/94
K
g/L ±2a
1.62 0.07
1.67 0.09
1.61 0.08
1.58 0.09
1.57 0.09
1.67 0.08
1.58 0.08
1.50 0.08
1.68 0.09
1.64 0.09
1.59 0.06
1.60 0.08
1.75 0.09
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
4 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131Z
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting; Error. ND = Not Detectable.
                             23
-------
            Table 13
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
            March 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles
CA : Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO : Denver
DE : Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY : Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
ND : Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV : Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
Date
Collected
03/11/94
03/08/94
03/14/94
03/09/94
03/04/94
03/03/94
03/14/94
03/29/94
03/07/94
03/15/94
03/08/94
03/01/94
03/03/94
03/07/94
03/22/94
03/08/94
03/07/94
03/04/94
03/07/94
03/08/94
03/07/94
03/02/94
03/29/94
03/07/94
03/17/94
03/08/94
03/02/94
03/09/94
03/29/94
03/01/94
03/21/94
03/07/94
03/15/94
03/11/94
03/14/94
03/07/94
03/07/94
K
g/L ±2a
1.51 0.14
1.60 0.09
1.62 0.09
1.56 0.08
1.56 0.09
1.57 0.08
1.36 0.08
1.67 0.09
1.57 0.08
1.51 0.09
1.62 0.09
1.61 0.09
1.64 0.08
1.56 0.09
1.60 0.09
1.63 0.09
1.59 0.06
1.60 0.09
1.57 0.14
1.57 0.06
1.45 0.14
1.67 0.09
1.60 0.06
1.58 0.09
1.64 0.09
1.63 0.09
1.58 0.06
1.53 0.09
1.52 0.06
1.62 0.09
1.61 0.09
1.56 0.06
1.66 0.07
1.63 0.09
1.61 0.08
1.61 0.08
1.66 0.08
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131Z
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                24
-------
                   Table 13  (continued)
           Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
                        March 1994
Location
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
TN : Knoxville
TN : Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT:Montpelier
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
03/08/94
03/09/94
03/09/94
03/11/94
03/07/94
03/07/94
03/10/94
03/07/94
03/08/94
03/29/94
03/28/94
03/09/94
03/14/94
03/07/94
K
g/L ±2a
1.57 0.06
1.69 0.09
1.63 0.08
1.66 0.08
1.61 0.09
1.57 0.08
1.56 0.10
1.57 0.08
1.57 0.09
1.57 0.06
1.60 0.09
1.57 0.10
1.58 0.09
1.55 0.08
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
8 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131Z
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting; Error. ND = Not Detectable.
                             25
-------
            Table 14

Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk
    EPA Regional Composites

           January 1994
EPA
Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Collection
Date
01/05/94
01/11/94
01/06/94
01/08/94
01/10/94
01/13/94
01/14/94
01/08/94
01/07/94
01/03/94
90Sr
pCi/L ±2a
0.9 0.4
1.3 0.4
1.4 0.4
0.9 0.4
1.2 0.4
1.3 0.4
1.4 0.4
1.1 0.4
0.5 0.3
0.9 0.4
     Note: a = Counting Error.
                26
-------
    Environmental Radiation Data (ERD)  is published quarterly (January, April, July,  October) by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.

    Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:

                                          Charles M. Petko
                                        Office of the Director
                        National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
                                      540 South Morris Avenue
                                 Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601

    Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to:

                                        John G. Griggs, Chief
                              Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
                        National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
                                      540 South Morris Avenue
                                 Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
                                               or to:
                                         William C. Conklin
                               Policy and Emergency Response Branch
                               Criteria and Standards Division (6602J)
                                       USEPA Waterside Mall
                                         401 M Street,  S.W.
                                       Washington, DC  20460
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