402-R-96-027
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 88
October - December 1996
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
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Contents
Page
List of Tables v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Data Reporting Conventions xi
1. Air Program 1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 15
2. Water Program 19
Surface Water 19
Drinking Water 25
3. Milk Program 39
Pasteurized Milk 39
in
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List of Tables
Table Page
1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii
2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 1996 2
3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 1996 4
4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 1996 6
5 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 1996 8
6 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 1996 9
7 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 1996 11
8 Tritium in Precipitation: October - December 1996 13
9 Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates:
January - December 1996 Composites 16
10 Tritium in Surface Water: October - December 1996 20
11 Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis: January - December 1996 22
12 Tritium in Drinking Water: October - December 1996 26
13 Plutonium and Uranium Analyses of Selected Drinking Water Composite Samples:
January - December 1996 28
14 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January - December 1996 29
15 Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations in Drinking Water:
January - December 1996 Composites 32
16 Radium-226, -228 and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Drinking Water:
January - December 1996 Composites 35
17 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October 1996 40
18 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: November 1996 42
19 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: December 1996 44
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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and published quarterly by the Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in
Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS). ERD is published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports
are available online at www.epa.gov/narel.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established ERAMS in 1973 with an emphasis
on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. ERAMS
is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air, precipitation, surface
water, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor
fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The
radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta analyses, gamma
analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and
tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and
on routine and accidental releases into the environment from stationary sources.
The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the ERAMS samples are contained in the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual (EPA 520/5-84-006).
Station operation and sample collection are in accordance with procedures contained in the ERAMS
Manual (EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).
vn
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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) is performed
by volunteer collectors who are frequently members of the health departments or related
environmental agencies of their respective states. The National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would like to
acknowledge its indebtedness to these volunteer collectors who are so essential to the successful
operation of ERAMS. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times
of emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes
demanding.
IX
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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured
value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measurement
process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or background,
which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were reported as
"not detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their estimated measurement
uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996 both of these practices were discontinued.
Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion of negative results in the report
allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides are not
detected.
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured value y is reported with an expanded uncertainty U= k uc(y), which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from_y - U
toy + Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95%.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded to
the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1. The
MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95% probability of detection when the
detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5% probability of false detection in a blank sample.
XI
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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Tritium
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
f Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
{Iodine-131
Cesium- 137
{ Barium- 140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Unit
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
Minimum
Detectable
Concentration
2
0.0015
2
2
150
150
0.75
0.1
0.75
0.1
0.02
2
1
4
4
0.3
5
5
15
15
0.06
0.06
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two isotopes
cannot be determined.
f The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3.
J Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll
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1. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates
and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of
all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic
coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States.
Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field
measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours after collection to allow for decay of
natural radon isotopes and their progeny. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials
by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter.
Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m3. The
laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to the decay of naturally
occurring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at most field stations collecting air filters. These samples are also
sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans, tritium, and gross beta activity
measurements. A composite of the March, April, and May precipitation samples is analyzed for
plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.
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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
Number
of
Samples
7
9
5
9
9
8
9
8
9
7
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
7
4
6
9
9
4
8
5
9
5
7
8
9
9
2
9
2
6
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.2
1.0 0.3 0.6
1.4 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
1.3 0.3 0.7
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.1 0.5
1.4 0.2 0.6
0.5 0.1 0.3
1.2 0.2 0.6
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
1.1 0.1 0.5
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.1 0.3
1.2 0.2 0.7
1.1 0.0 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.014 0.008 0.012
0.023 0.006 0.014
0.019 0.012 0.015
0.013 0.004 0.007
0.026 0.009 0.017
0.016 0.007 0.011
0.013 0.004 0.008
0.022 0.006 0.013
0.013 0.003 0.009
0.018 0.001 0.007
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.016 0.003 0.010
0.017 0.004 0.009
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.024 0.010 0.015
0.014 0.008 0.010
0.011 0.004 0.007
0.017 0.007 0.012
0.016 0.006 0.011
0.025 0.007 0.013
0.028 0.007 0.015
0.017 0.006 0.012
0.013 0.005 0.010
0.011 0.002 0.007
0.017 0.005 0.011
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.020 0.007 0.013
0.015 0.007 0.010
0.023 0.004 0.010
0.019 0.010 0.013
0.020 0.003 0.011
0.065 0.010 0.020
0.025 0.007 0.013
0.022 0.004 0.012
0.011 0.010 0.011
0.025 0.006 0.015
0.031 0.014 0.023
0.032 0.013 0.020
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 1996
Location
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN:OakRidge/Y12E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
7
9
6
9
8
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.8 0.4 0.9
0.7 0.0 0.2
1.0 0.1 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.5 0.2 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.019 0.010 0.013
0.025 0.008 0.014
0.025 0.009 0.014
0.026 0.008 0.014
0.021 0.008 0.013
0.023 0.008 0.012
0.018 0.007 0.011
0.032 0.012 0.018
0.023 0.006 0.015
0.025 0.004 0.012
0.022 0.005 0.010
0.016 0.003 0.009
0.014 0.006 0.011
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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
Number
of
Samples
6
6
4
9
8
7
8
9
7
7
8
7
9
7
7
7
6
8
5
8
7
4
5
8
7
3
7
4
7
5
8
8
8
6
2
7
7
7
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.2 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.3
1.6 0.1 0.6
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.1 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.014 0.010 0.012
0.019 0.010 0.015
0.018 0.004 0.013
0.027 0.003 0.009
0.028 0.005 0.014
0.030 0.007 0.017
0.011 0.002 0.007
0.015 0.006 0.011
0.011 0.006 0.008
0.008 0.004 0.006
0.008 0.001 0.003
0.019 0.010 0.014
0.022 0.004 0.012
0.022 0.004 0.012
0.021 0.012 0.015
0.033 0.010 0.016
0.012 0.006 0.008
0.018 0.008 0.011
0.017 0.007 0.012
0.023 0.008 0.012
0.019 0.010 0.013
0.012 0.008 0.011
0.019 0.010 0.014
0.012 0.005 0.009
0.015 0.005 0.009
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.025 0.005 0.013
0.014 0.006 0.011
0.012 0.006 0.008
0.021 0.010 0.014
0.014 0.005 0.010
0.019 0.009 0.014
0.021 0.006 0.012
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.010 0.008 0.009
0.013 0.008 0.011
0.020 0.007 0.016
0.024 0.011 0.018
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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 1996
Location
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN:OakRidge/Y12E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
8
6
7
7
9
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.9 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
1.0 0.5 0.8
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.0 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.020 0.009 0.013
0.018 0.009 0.012
0.015 0.009 0.012
0.017 0.008 0.012
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.017 0.009 0.012
0.020 0.009 0.014
0.036 0.014 0.022
0.034 0.006 0.015
0.012 0.007 0.010
0.011 0.004 0.008
0.022 0.005 0.013
0.019 0.008 0.013
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Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
Number
of
Samples
7
9
9
9
9
9
9
7
8
9
9
9
8
8
9
8
9
9
8
6
4
6
9
9
1
9
3
9
4
5
9
9
2
8
8
5
8
9
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.9 0.1 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.2 0.1 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.015 0.007 0.012
0.027 0.008 0.016
0.014 0.002 0.005
0.017 0.002 0.009
0.014 0.004 0.009
0.014 0.003 0.009
0.016 0.003 0.012
0.013 0.006 0.009
0.008 0.002 0.006
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.028 0.013 0.019
0.014 0.002 0.005
0.031 0.004 0.011
0.030 0.012 0.018
0.037 0.006 0.019
0.020 0.003 0.012
0.024 0.010 0.016
0.031 0.017 0.023
0.015 0.004 0.011
0.017 0.007 0.012
0.021 0.007 0.011
0.029 0.015 0.022
0.018 0.002 0.011
0.019 0.005 0.012
0.012 0.012 0.012
0.027 0.005 0.012
0.013 0.007 0.011
0.019 0.004 0.011
0.018 0.016 0.017
0.016 0.010 0.012
0.021 0.008 0.016
0.022 0.006 0.013
0.012 0.009 0.011
0.024 0.008 0.013
0.037 0.009 0.020
0.028 0.016 0.022
0.016 0.008 0.012
0.016 0.009 0.012
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Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 1996
Location
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN:OakRidge/Y12E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
9
9
9
8
8
8
7
7
4
9
9
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.5 0.0 0.
0.4 0.0 0.
0.5 0.0 0.
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.
1.9 0.5 1.
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.016 0.011 0.013
0.016 0.009 0.013
0.016 0.010 0.013
0.014 0.008 0.011
0.018 0.007 0.011
0.023 0.011 0.016
0.014 0.002 0.007
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.005 0.002 0.003
0.027 0.001 0.011
0.025 0.015 0.019
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Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
4.48
0.93
4.18
1.40
2.62
0.71
0.99
0.15
0.44
1.36
1.23
3.20
11.90
1.33
1.75
1.59
1.54
0.34
2.16
2.26
1.21
1.14
0.76
1.18
7.60
1.57
0.80
0.97
1.32
0.68
0.64
0.63
0.77
2.88
0.55
0.87
0.49
0.27
0.48
0.32
0.38
0.27
0.29
0.20
0.24
0.31
0.30
0.42
0.82
0.30
0.33
0.31
0.33
0.22
0.44
0.38
0.29
0.29
0.27
0.29
0.61
0.32
0.28
0.27
0.30
0.25
0.27
0.24
0.27
0.39
0.25
0.28
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 1u
Be7 72 43
K40 14 26
K40 29 35
ND
ND
Be7 89 48
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Be7 52 45
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 29 34
K40 22 36
ND
ND
K40 16 28
Pb212 3.8 4.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Be7 59 48
Note: ND = Not Detected
-------
Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
2.91
1.03
0.53
3.66
0.55
0.40
1.52
0.68
0.50
1.33
1.16
1.35
2.27
1.88
0.37
1.09
0.56
0.95
4.42
1.16
3.41
1.30
2.29
1.69
1.29
1.67
3.61
1.47
1.63
0.81
0.40
0.28
0.25
0.44
0.25
0.23
0.33
0.28
0.24
0.32
0.30
0.31
0.37
0.34
0.23
0.30
0.25
0.28
0.47
0.29
0.44
0.31
0.36
0.33
0.30
0.33
0.44
0.30
0.32
0.26
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 1u
Pb212
T1208
Pb214
Pb212
T1208
Be7
Pb212
T1208
Pb212
Bi214
Pb212
T1208
Bi214
K40
Pb212
Pb214
Pb212
ND
ND
7.4 5.6
5.8 2.8
5.8 6.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
10.4 6.5
4.8 4.2
ND
ND
77 49
ND
5.2 7.9
3.2 5.4
ND
8.6 5.3
ND
8.6 5.9
5.0 5.1
4.7 4.0
ND
ND
ND
6.2 7.1
ND
ND
ND
25 37
4.7 5.6
12.4 5.6
ND
3.7 6.5
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
-------
Table 6 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 1996
Location
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
0.78 0.27
3.68 0.44
0.59 0.25
1.12 0.29
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Pb212 4.5 4.8
K40 30 38
ND
Pb212 5.0 5.2
Note: ND = Not Detected
10
-------
Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CT: Hartford
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NJ: Trenton
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
0.98
1.20
0.54
1.83
0.95
2.54
1.02
3.52
0.52
1.04
3.07
4.59
0.23
1.65
0.56
2.78
0.88
3.09
1.76
1.11
7.12
0.30
2.38
0.83
1.22
0.88
0.87
0.72
1.11
2.94
0.58
0.29
0.29
0.25
0.34
0.28
0.42
0.29
0.44
0.25
0.28
0.42
0.54
0.23
0.33
0.26
0.40
0.28
0.41
0.32
0.30
0.61
0.22
0.37
0.30
0.30
0.37
0.27
0.26
0.28
0.40
0.25
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
T1208
T1208
Be7
Bi214
Pb212
T1208
Bi214
T1208
K40
T1208
Bi214
Pb214
Pb212
Pb214
Pb212
Bi214
Bi214
Pb212
T1208
Pb212
Pb212
Pb212
T1208
Bi214
ND
2.1 3.8
2.2 3.9
170 120
14 10
5.4 5.1
3.3 3.9
ND
10.2 6.0
4.9 3.9
ND
ND
21 28
2.4 4.1
27.2 7.2
19.8 7.2
ND
ND
6.2 6.3
ND
7.1 5.9
3.1 5.4
ND
ND
ND
6.2 7.7
6.8 7.4
5.7 6.8
3.3 4.1
11.9 6.4
ND
ND
3.8 5.0
5.7 6.7
4.5 4.4
ND
5.1 7.5
Note: ND = Not Detected
11
-------
Table 7 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 1996
Location
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
1.91 0.40
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
K40 32 58
T1208 3.6 3.7
12
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
October - December 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
October 1996
pCi/L ±2u
-16 70
-60 70
-23 72
25 74
-18 72
7 70
0 70
-22 69
3 70
-38 72
-10 73
-4 73
-18 73
-28 69
17 70
-52 71
6 73
NS
32 71
1 70
-23 72
-50 71
-1 69
-26 69
NS
3 70
-7 69
65 76
-25 72
16 70
57 72
12 71
59 73
29 71
NS
-10 73
3 70
-35 72
November 1996
pCi/L ±2u
301 91
-70 77
NS
-59 75
47 81
16 76
65 78
-7 75
-15 79
-93 73
-7 79
-25 76
NS
20 76
7 79
-43 78
NS
36 80
61 79
82 80
0 80
NS
20 76
36 77
-18 76
84 79
28 77
18 81
-56 74
60 78
18 80
98 80
25 81
-18 78
NS
-69 74
5 76
-44 75
December 1996
pCi/L ±2u
33 71
-48 72
NS
-66 71
NS
3 70
NS
-26 69
49 73
-45 72
31 75
-47 72
21 75
NS
NS
-29 73
6 74
11 70
21 71
11 70
2 74
-29 73
NS
30 72
NS
33 71
27 72
-26 73
-42 72
12 71
45 72
18 71
23 71
21 71
-14 74
-24 73
14 70
-17 73
Note: NS = No Sample
13
-------
Table 8 (continued)
Tritium in Precipitation
October - December 1996
Location
WI: Madison
October 1996
pCi/L ±2u
-18 73
November 1996
pCi/L ±2u
-36 78
December 1996
pCi/L ±2u
51 72
Note: NS = No Sample
14
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis of annually
composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne paniculate
samplers.
Concentrations of plutonium-23 8, combined plutonium-23 9 and240, and uranium-234,235, and238
are determined by alpha spectrometry following chemical separation. The volume of air represented
by the annual composite ranges from 120,000 to 500,000 cubic meters.
Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
15
-------
Table 9
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Painesville
OH: Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.14 0.38
0.21 0.40
0.06 0.73
0.00 0.78
0.00 0.47
0.06 0.38
0.60 0.72
0.03 0.33
0.18 0.61
0.24 0.28
0.24 0.27
0.40 0.77
0.47 0.83
0.17 0.37
0.42 0.44
0.65 0.54
0.08 0.50
0.09 0.48
0.55 0.45
0.22 0.53
0.46 0.93
0.22 0.61
0.63 0.46
0.10 0.58
-0.15 0.33
0.03 0.21
0.36 0.38
1.1 1.5
0.01 0.48
0.14 0.35
0.9 1.5
0.20 0.25
0.23 0.27
0.06 0.21
0.30 0.54
0.86 0.87
0.36 0.47
0.34 0.58
-0.15 0.25
0.40 0.42
239-240p
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.02 0.13
0.11 0.28
-0.10 0.33
0.78 0.68
0.31 0.34
-0.028 0.056
-0.15 0.30
0.08 0.14
0.00 0.21
0.35 0.27
-0.026 0.036
-0.16 0.24
0.07 0.34
0.24 0.30
-0.024 0.049
0.04 0.13
0.05 0.24
-0.09 0.30
0.12 0.19
0.00 0.25
0.04 0.26
0.05 0.17
0.02 0.11
-0.17 0.16
0.09 0.16
0.14 0.19
0.16 0.23
1.6 1.2
0.43 0.47
0.14 0.26
0.65 0.80
0.028 0.089
0.02 0.12
0.020 0.094
0.05 0.17
0.09 0.27
-0.02 0.14
0.08 0.35
0.06 0.12
0.18 0.18
234U
aCi/m3 ±2u
9.8 1.4
11.0 1.9
25.5 3.6
53.7 7.3
11.3 2.2
22.5 3.0
31.8 4.8
8.4 1.6
14.3 2.0
13.7 1.8
3.94 0.73
10.9 3.4
25.6 3.9
23.6 3.2
12.9 3.2
21.1 4.6
14.5 3.6
17.4 2.7
9.1 2.8
11.1 4.4
13.5 2.6
22.5 3.1
11.7 1.5
15.1 4.0
9.3 1.2
6.8 1.0
15.3 2.8
88.5 9.8
17.0 2.4
9.3 1.5
70.7 7.1
4.97 0.87
14.3 3.4
9.4 3.2
39.8 6.8
11.3 6.2
6.7 1.3
9.7 1.5
20.2 2.4
12.9 1.6
235U
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.71 0.39
0.41 0.37
1.60 0.94
3.8 1.9
1.68 0.95
1.19 0.72
1.4 1.1
0.66 0.49
1.94 0.75
0.47 0.33
0.26 0.20
1.2 1.1
0.85 0.77
2.05 0.92
-0.19 0.60
0.6 1.1
1.4 1.1
1.54 0.80
0.49 0.76
0.9 1.6
0.84 0.72
1.03 0.65
1.01 0.45
0.00 0.86
0.77 0.36
0.50 0.30
0.75 0.70
2.3 1.5
0.90 0.54
1.12 0.56
6.4 1.9
1.02 0.41
0.40 0.76
0.53 0.60
4.1 2.0
3.1 2.4
1.07 0.57
0.61 0.39
1.70 0.69
1.21 0.47
238U
aCi/m3 ±2u
9.9 1.4
11.1 1.9
23.6 3.5
42.1 6.3
10.9 2.2
18.5 2.7
28.7 4.5
8.7 1.6
14.5 2.0
13.5 1.7
3.23 0.66
13.6 3.0
26.7 3.9
21.6 3.0
5.3 1.9
23.9 4.2
18.4 3.2
15.3 2.5
8.9 2.0
12.4 3.6
14.8 2.7
21.9 3.0
10.4 1.4
15.7 3.2
10.1 1.3
6.16 0.98
17.9 2.6
69.8 8.4
14.5 2.2
10.2 1.6
68.8 6.9
4.67 0.84
13.0 2.8
9.9 1.8
41.9 6.0
16.4 4.8
5.7 1.2
8.5 1.4
18.6 2.3
10.6 1.4
16
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN:OakRidge/Y12E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
238pu
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.54 0.42
0.87 0.98
0.38 0.50
0.18 0.31
-0.05 0.24
0.07 0.17
0.06 0.38
0.40 0.35
0.72 0.93
-1.4 2.1
0.13 0.72
0.01 0.13
0.08 0.20
0.05 0.31
-0.17 0.25
0.33 0.45
239-240p
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.16 0.18
0.29 0.38
0.26 0.37
0.04 0.12
-0.03 0.12
-0.011 0.076
0.31 0.27
0.06 0.13
0.09 0.28
1.1 1.3
0.57 0.73
0.09 0.12
0.05 0.11
0.05 0.12
0.09 0.17
0.00 0.14
234U
aCi/m3 ±2u
26.4 2.7
8.5 3.4
15.1 2.5
16.4 2.2
15.7 2.3
5.2 2.6
43.0 5.0
63.8 6.0
7.4 3.0
76 10
36.7 5.0
60.8 4.6
12.8 1.4
3.68 0.72
18.0 2.7
14.6 4.2
235U
aCi/m3 ±2u
1.46 0.59
-0.07 0.72
1.11 0.69
0.98 0.53
1.04 0.61
0.65 0.44
3.4 1.2
4.2 1.3
0.08 0.74
6.6 3.1
2.8 1.4
2.68 0.67
0.99 0.38
0.30 0.22
1.17 0.71
1.1 1.2
238U
aCi/m3 ±2u
23.8 2.5
13.8 3.2
14.2 2.4
14.5 2.0
14.4 2.2
5.3 1.1
15.3 2.6
23.6 3.0
9.6 2.4
74 10
31.7 4.5
8.4 1.2
12.9 1.4
3.20 0.66
16.8 2.6
14.8 3.4
17
-------
18
-------
2. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's rivers,
streams, and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from nuclear facilities at 58 stations. Surface water
samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and gamma-emitting radionuclides annually. Tritium is
a primary potential radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and weapons production
activities.
19
-------
Table 10
Tritium in Surface Water
October - December 1996
Location
AL: Decatur
AL: Gordon
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA: San Onofre
CO: Platteville
CT: E. Haddam
CT: Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL: Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL: Moline
IL: Morris
IL: Zion
KS: Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
MD: Conowingo
MD: Lusby
ME: Wiscasset
MI: Bridgman
MI: Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: S. Haven
MN: Monticello
MN: Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Southport
NJ: Bayside
NJ: Oyster Creek
NY: Chelsea
NY: Croton-On-Hudson
NY: Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR: Bradwood
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Cedar River
Snake River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Hudson River
Hudson River
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Date
Collected
10/22/96
10/10/96
10/17/96
10/02/96
10/22/96
10/07/96
10/10/96
10/03/96
12/10/96
12/10/96
10/14/96
10/15/96
10/22/96
11/19/96
10/15/96
10/09/96
12/29/96
12/30/96
12/31/96
10/31/96
10/03/96
10/08/96
10/22/96
10/10/96
10/20/96
10/09/96
10/07/96
10/20/96
10/28/96
10/22/96
10/08/96
10/11/96
10/15/96
10/24/96
10/22/96
10/07/96
10/11/96
10/28/96
10/04/96
10/21/96
3H
pCi/L ±2u
-4 73
0 80
12 74
130 78
19 69
26 70
-28 69
52 74
101 80
8 76
12 69
-32 72
3 73
-49 71
35 70
23 73
28 75
725 94
-70 73
9 74
21 72
85 83
-35 72
72 77
172 75
57 71
0 78
74 71
-6 73
-10 72
20 72
304 85
32 70
12 73
-50 71
68 81
202 77
116 78
8 71
85 73
20
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Tritium in Surface Water
October - December 1996
Location
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC: Columbia
SC: Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TN: Oak Ridge
TX: Matagorda
VA: Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT: Vernon
WA: Northport
WA: Richland
WI: Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Susquehanna River
Schuylkill River - Belmont
Delaware River - Baxter
Schuylkill River - Queen Lane
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Clinch River
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
10/09/96
10/03/96
10/03/96
10/03/96
10/09/96
10/02/96
10/03/96
10/08/96
11/19/96
10/04/96
10/02/96
10/15/96
10/07/96
10/22/96
10/10/96
10/15/96
10/07/96
10/01/96
3H
pCi/L ±2u
-1 72
7 72
1 71
-28 70
0 80
5270 190
113 76
38 80
229 86
-14 70
3200 150
-44 75
49 82
-59 71
-1 72
105 72
-4 72
-27 76
21
-------
Table 11
Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis
January - December 1996
Location
AL: Decatur
AL: Gordon
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA: Eureka
CA: San Onofre
CO: Platteville
CT: E. Haddam
CT: Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL: Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
GA: Baxley
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL: Moline
IL: Morris
IL: Zion
KS: Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Humboldt Bay
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Date
Collected
04/24/96
04/03/96
04/23/96
04/02/96
04/23/96
04/02/96
07/02/96
04/11/96
06/27/96
04/03/96
05/20/96
05/16/96
04/02/96
04/09/96
04/19/96
06/25/96
04/10/96
04/09/96
04/03/96
04/01/96
05/15/96
04/02/96
06/25/96
04/30/96
04/29/96
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
ND
K40 24 35
ND
ND
Bi214 8.8 7.2
K40 313 56
K40 257 68
Bi212 158 31
K40 324 47
Pb212 129.0 6.9
Ra224 156 47
Ra228 88.9 8.6
T1208 44.1 4.1
K40 307 48
T1208 2.0 3.5
ND
K40 27 36
Pb214 7.5 4.9
T1208 2.6 3.1
K40 236 40
T1208 1.7 3.0
Pb212 6.9 8.0
K40 28 29
K40 372 51
ND
ND
Bi214 11.5 7.0
Pb212 5.3 7.8
Pb214 10.0 7.2
ND
T1208 3.0 3.9
K40 33 63
Pb212 6.2 2.5
ND
T1208 2.2 3.1
T1208 3.9 4.9
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
22
-------
Table 11 (continued)
Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis
January - December 1996
Location
MD: Conowingo
MD: Lusby
ME: Wiscasset
MI: Bridgman
MI: Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: S. Haven
MN: Monticello
MN: Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Southport
NE: Rulo
NJ: Bayside
NJ: Oyster Creek
NY: Chelsea
NY: Croton-On-Hudson
NY: Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR: Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
SC: Allendale
SC: Columbia
SC: Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TN: Oak Ridge
TX: El Paso
Source
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Missouri River
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Hudson River
Hudson River
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Delaware River - Baxter
Schuylkill River - Belmont
Schuylkill River - Queen Lane
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Clinch River
Rio Grande
Date
Collected
04/11/96
04/08/96
04/10/96
04/09/96
04/04/96
04/08/96
04/09/96
04/15/96
04/08/96
04/02/96
04/15/96
04/11/96
04/17/96
04/16/96
04/18/96
04/22/96
04/08/96
06/20/96
04/16/96
05/15/96
04/10/96
04/04/96
04/04/96
04/04/96
04/01/96
04/17/96
04/15/96
04/16/96
04/16/96
04/25/96
05/03/96
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Pb212 6.3 8.8
Ra224 52 51
K40 81 43
K40 208 44
Pb214 9.6 6.5
Bi214 5.6 6.6
Pb212 2.9 5.2
NR
ND
ND
Pb212 3.8 5.8
K40 26 38
Pb212 6.0 8.1
ND
K40 192 77
ND
K40 100 43
Pb212 5.1 5.2
K40 201 76
ND
K40 43 33
Pb212 2.4 4.6
ND
K40 33 50
Pb212 3.0 3.5
T1208 4.2 2.6
ND
K40 19 36
ND
ND
Bi214 6.0 7.4
Bi214 7.2 4.6
Bi214 8.3 7.8
Pb212 3.1 5.4
ND
Pb212 9.8 8.1
ND
Bi214 10.3 6.3
Note: ND = Not Detected
NR = Not Reported
23
-------
Table 11 (continued)
Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis
January - December 1996
Location
TX: El Paso
TX: Matagorda
VA: Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT: Vernon
WA: Northport
WA: Richland
WI: Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Rio Grande
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
05/03/96
04/11/96
04/03/96
04/11/96
04/03/96
04/03/96
04/10/96
04/09/96
04/02/96
04/01/96
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Pb212 3.3 5.0
K40 135 34
ND
K40 81 40
T1208 3.1 4.1
T1208 1.9 2.6
Pb212 5.2 6.9
ND
Pb212 5.2 7.0
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
24
-------
Drinking Water
This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data serve to
assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the EPA
"National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/L, when the
gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do
not exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross
beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.
Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear
facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and
gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and radium-228
if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for
each station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and
uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.
25
-------
Table 12
Tritium in Drinking Water
October - December 1996
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery - 408
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
Date
Collected
10/07/96
10/10/96
11/27/96
10/23/96
10/17/96
10/01/96
10/04/96
10/01/96
10/03/96
10/03/96
10/11/96
10/18/96
10/24/96
10/01/96
11/19/96
10/01/96
10/22/96
10/01/96
10/02/96
12/06/96
10/01/96
10/08/96
10/02/96
10/04/96
10/24/96
11/12/96
10/22/96
10/01/96
10/08/96
10/08/96
12/20/96
10/11/96
10/15/96
10/01/96
11/02/96
10/01/96
10/21/96
10/22/96
10/15/96
10/01/96
3H
pCi/L ±2u
66
0
3
77
67
-22
168
-54
26
67
0
-12
-83
-37
20
-23
84
18
25
-16
-53
47
-7
52
65
10
-10
-19
28
-20
-24
257
32
-7
-16
11
44
30
-59
-9
82
80
73
76
76
73
85
71
74
81
68
68
70
72
74
70
71
71
72
72
71
80
73
81
75
73
68
73
80
71
78
83
75
74
72
71
70
74
71
75
26
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
October - December 1996
Location
NY: Niagara Falls
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Queens Lab
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co. #768
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co. #772
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co. #371
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co. #360
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co. #4442
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
WA: Richland
WI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
10/04/96
11/25/96
10/17/96
12/11/96
10/03/96
10/02/96
10/03/96
10/09/96
10/16/96
10/03/96
10/03/96
10/03/96
12/11/96
10/10/96
10/07/96
10/10/96
10/01/96
10/09/96
10/23/96
12/31/96
10/01/96
10/03/96
12/12/96
12/12/96
12/12/96
12/13/96
12/13/96
10/18/96
11/15/96
10/10/96
10/07/96
10/04/96
3H
pCi/L ±2u
168
55
17
4
136
-43
42
21
12
17
59
45
0
-11
3
-1
528
138
29
32
61
15
89
97
51
76
199
-7
13
3
2
13
80
72
69
73
77
72
80
79
69
73
74
73
72
71
79
72
92
84
69
80
75
72
79
79
78
78
83
68
76
72
78
72
27
-------
Table 13
Plutonium and Uranium Analyses
Selected Drinking Water Composite Samples
January - December 1996
Location
CA: Los Angeles
IL: W. Chicago
MT: Helena
NE: Lincoln
NV: Las Vegas
238pu
pCi/L ± 1u
-0.0005 0.0075
0.014 0.023
0.006 0.012
-0.0026 0.0092
0.0025 0.0082
239-240pu
pCi/L ± 1u
0.0005 0.0032
0.0049 0.0086
-0.0005 0.0010
0.0021 0.0047
0.0025 0.0044
234U
pCi/L ± 1u
2.30 0.24
1.38 0.23
0.97 0.14
4.22 0.49
2.62 0.24
235U
pCi/L ± 1u
0.202 0.066
-0.007 0.024
0.071 0.038
0.53 0.15
0.095 0.040
238U
pCi/L ± 1u
1.96 0.22
0.198 0.083
0.57 0.10
2.92 0.38
1.44 0.16
28
-------
Table 14
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 1996
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
Date
Collected
01/22/96
07/08/96
01/18/96
04/24/96
04/23/96
01/25/96
07/03/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/26/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
01/23/96
03/19/96
10/01/96
01/23/96
01/22/96
04/23/96
01/22/96
07/05/96
04/29/96
01/22/96
01/24/96
12/06/96
01/22/96
04/11/96
01/29/96
01/22/96
04/18/96
04/29/96
04/22/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
01/23/96
03/20/96
04/15/96
10/15/96
10/01/96
01/23/96
pCi/L
0.04
-0.015
0.12
-0.04
0.09
-0.08
0.02
0.18
0.33
0.17
-0.08
-0.8
0.12
-0.22
0.17
0.06
-0.06
0.07
-0.30
-0.09
-0.014
0.06
0.05
0.21
0.32
0.07
0.18
0.12
0.18
0.117
-0.06
0.13
0.10
0.24
0.11
0.26
0.09
0.30
-0.03
-0.02
0.06
±2u
0.28
0.097
0.14
0.28
0.30
0.38
0.12
0.29
0.42
0.34
0.39
1.7
0.29
0.31
0.28
0.10
0.13
0.33
0.56
0.31
0.085
0.10
0.11
0.21
0.28
0.47
0.10
0.14
0.10
0.085
0.12
0.11
0.14
0.28
0.30
0.30
0.15
0.30
0.12
0.11
0.33
29
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 1996
Location
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter Lab
PA: Philadelphia - Queen Lane
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co. #772
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co. #768
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co. #371
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co. #4442
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co. #360
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
Date
Collected
01/22/96
01/22/96
01/25/96
07/19/96
01/23/96
01/22/96
01/23/96
07/03/96
05/30/96
05/29/96
10/17/96
05/10/96
05/30/96
08/13/96
04/09/96
01/24/96
01/24/96
07/18/96
07/11/96
07/11/96
07/11/96
04/12/96
10/10/96
01/23/96
04/10/96
01/22/96
01/26/96
01/22/96
12/31/96
01/22/96
04/08/96
03/27/96
03/27/96
03/27/96
03/28/96
03/28/96
04/24/96
06/27/96
01/25/96
01/25/96
01/22/96
13
pCi/L
0.18
0.24
-0.21
0.19
0.16
-0.02
-0.07
0.58
-0.07
0.01
0.090
0.81
0.11
-0.03
-0.23
0.02
0.40
0.13
0.13
0.54
0.50
0.19
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.029
-0.11
0.16
0.01
0.12
-0.01
0.14
0.00
0.08
0.08
-0.03
0.12
0.13
0.06
0.22
0.15
±2u
0.26
0.10
0.37
0.24
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.36
0.12
0.13
0.089
0.14
0.10
0.14
0.32
0.30
0.36
0.25
0.11
0.14
0.13
0.28
0.16
0.33
0.28
0.098
0.31
0.29
0.28
0.14
0.11
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.28
0.10
0.35
0.60
0.11
30
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 1996
Location
WI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
10/07/96
01/24/96
07/03/96
131j
pCi/L ±2u
-0.10 0.25
-0.04 0.34
0.11 0.12
31
-------
Table 15
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
130.0
65.5
53.4
200.0
89.6
29.6
81.0
741.0
94.6
107.0
35.6
120.0
171.0
164.0
233.0
155.0
130.0
184.0
126.0
74.2
220.0
463.0
285.0
243.0
176.0
79.2
102.0
164.0
92.8
78.2
113.0
78.8
314.0
281.0
77.6
283.0
107.0
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 1u
3.48 0.67
2.10 0.69
1.14 0.50
1.06 0.53
1.43 0.54
0.70 0.46
1.17 0.52
6.9 2.8
1.84 0.55
2.11 0.61
0.85 0.47
2.7 2.3
2.83 0.91
3.43 0.84
4.3 1.0
2.22 0.63
2.11 0.59
1.61 0.66
3.04 0.65
1.27 0.59
3.7 1.1
11.7 2.4
21.0 2.1
3.2 1.1
2.96 0.76
1.26 0.58
2.27 0.71
2.09 0.71
1.71 0.55
1.96 0.55
2.90 0.72
2.48 0.70
14.0 1.7
6.8 1.1
1.74 0.58
7.1 1.4
2.31 0.63
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 1u
0.50 0.57
0.07 0.32
0.14 0.25
0.43 0.73
0.11 0.44
0.10 0.27
0.06 0.26
7.1 4.8
0.33 0.40
0.68 0.57
0.08 0.22
0.9 1.5
0.04 0.49
2.0 1.2
1.9 1.3
2.7 1.2
0.32 0.49
0.83 0.88
0.70 0.66
0.41 0.40
0.49 0.99
17.0 5.1
31.2 5.1
1.2 1.1
0.95 0.86
0.30 0.40
-0.20 0.27
0.81 0.81
0.15 0.40
0.33 0.37
0.59 0.57
0.23 0.37
22.0 4.5
1.6 1.4
-0.10 0.32
2.7 1.9
2.7 1.0
90Sr
pCi/L ± 1u
0.17 0.38
0.18 0.18
0.07 0.21
0.28 0.20
0.16 0.20
0.06 0.18
0.26 0.20
0.03 0.19
0.27 0.21
0.19 0.22
0.01 0.20
-0.51 0.67
-0.02 0.17
0.01 0.19
0.19 0.21
-0.05 0.16
-0.14 0.17
-0.05 0.16
0.12 0.20
0.18 0.17
-0.06 0.18
0.03 0.32
-0.03 0.14
0.17 0.22
0.28 0.18
0.00 0.20
0.06 0.15
0.03 0.18
0.15 0.24
0.45 0.23
0.25 0.21
0.14 0.19
-0.09 0.16
0.03 0.17
0.17 0.20
0.03 0.17
0.30 0.23
32
-------
Table 15 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge-Anderson Co #768
TN: Oak Ridge-Anderson Co #772
TN: Oak Ridge-Roane Co #4442
TN: Oak Ridge-Roane Co #360
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
42.0
114.0
283.0
326.0
106.0
88.8
63.0
250.0
604.0
70.0
102.0
92.5
144.0
333.0
157.0
162.0
117.0
64.0
24.4
125.0
37.8
172.0
189.0
105.0
178.0
78.4
57.6
52.2
73.8
185.0
35.0
70.4
108.0
112.0
108.0
106.0
70.5
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 1u
1.82 0.57
3.22 0.66
4.0 1.0
11.7 1.7
0.67 0.57
1.47 0.63
2.15 0.58
13.7 1.9
7.0 2.0
1.21 0.58
1.72 0.66
2.11 0.66
2.24 0.71
4.2 1.1
2.69 0.91
3.13 0.77
2.05 0.62
2.32 0.59
0.34 0.44
1.42 0.52
0.27 0.44
3.02 0.77
2.87 0.77
2.14 0.69
2.29 0.70
0.60 0.47
1.19 0.51
0.87 0.48
2.22 0.58
4.69 0.89
0.97 0.47
1.54 0.55
2.08 0.58
1.81 0.62
1.34 0.64
2.41 0.71
1.58 0.62
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 1u
-0.03 0.25
0.50 0.57
1.7 1.5
10.9 3.4
0.00 0.43
0.13 0.34
0.65 0.49
23.8 4.3
3.1 3.1
0.00 0.25
0.00 0.42
0.64 0.53
0.37 0.65
0.4 1.0
0.69 0.75
0.21 0.58
0.52 0.64
-0.02 0.29
0.42 0.43
-0.21 0.21
0.32 0.32
0.40 0.67
-0.28 0.34
0.13 0.33
0.34 0.63
0.07 0.33
0.25 0.33
1.01 0.54
0.08 0.31
4.3 1.7
0.07 0.21
0.33 0.42
1.07 0.68
0.47 0.57
0.67 0.58
0.43 0.56
-0.10 0.27
90Sr
pCi/L ± 1u
0.18 0.18
0.10 0.21
0.06 0.22
0.02 0.19
0.12 0.22
-0.03 0.21
0.05 0.21
0.12 0.15
0.21 0.22
0.04 0.20
0.21 0.21
0.32 0.20
0.13 0.17
-0.02 0.16
0.16 0.19
0.50 0.19
0.14 0.17
0.27 0.18
0.14 0.18
-0.15 0.24
0.03 0.21
0.07 0.22
0.25 0.22
0.11 0.21
0.15 0.21
0.01 0.19
0.17 0.19
-0.02 0.19
0.02 0.21
0.10 0.20
-0.02 0.19
0.13 0.19
0.29 0.22
0.08 0.19
-0.08 0.21
0.20 0.23
0.16 0.19
33
-------
Table 15 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
TN: Oak Ridge-Knox Co #371
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
104.0
177.0
202.0
45.2
99.8
60.7
27.4
142.0
264.0
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 1u
1.73 0.64
3.70 0.89
5.21 0.95
0.20 0.42
1.64 0.55
0.67 0.56
0.57 0.44
2.14 0.63
3.5 1.3
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 1u
0.07 0.41
0.45 0.71
0.10 0.75
-0.10 0.25
0.17 0.39
-0.01 0.27
0.41 0.33
3.1 1.3
3.5 2.0
90Sr
pCi/L ± 1u
0.0 1.3
0.05 0.19
-0.04 0.21
0.09 0.18
0.08 0.44
-0.05 0.18
0.10 0.17
-0.01 0.16
-0.03 0.15
34
-------
Table 16
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
226Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.093 0.011
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.061 0.043
8.50 0.26
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
228Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
K40 10 13
K40 37 44
K40 25 29
ND
ND
Pb212 2.8 2.6
ND
ND
ND
Bi214 7.6 3.1
Bi214 5.0 3.1
Pb212 3.8 3.5
Bi214 7.9 4.9
K40 28 29
ND
ND
Bi214 7.3 7.5
ND
K40 31 53
ND
ND
Pb212 3.3 4.0
K40 44 73
ND
Bi214 6.1 5.0
Pb212 4.0 4.4
Pb214 6.8 4.7
T1208 2.3 4.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb212 2.9 3.4
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
35
-------
Table 16 (continued)
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
226Ra
pCi/L ±2u
4.19 0.12
NA
NA
0.377 0.022
0.108 0.011
NA
NA
NA
0.258 0.017
NA
NA
NA
0.149 0.014
0.156 0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
228Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Bi212 33 31
Pb212 5.8 5.1
T1208 3.4 4.8
Pb212 3.7 5.2
Pb212 2.6 4.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb212 3.5 4.0
Ra224 60 68
K40 31 54
T1208 5.3 4.7
ND
T1208 1.7 2.2
ND
ND
ND
Pb212 3.6 2.6
ND
ND
Bi214 3.4 2.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Bi214 4.0 2.8
T1208 2.1 2.4
Pb212 2.8 3.5
ND
ND
Bi214 3.8 2.9
ND
K40 11 14
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
36
-------
Table 16 (continued)
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
January - December 1996 Composites
Location
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge-Anderson Co #768
TN: Oak Ridge-Anderson Co #772
TN: Oak Ridge-Roane Co #4442
TN: Oak Ridge-Roane Co #360
TN: Oak Ridge-Knox Co #371
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
226Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.468 0.025
228Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Pb212 4.7 6.3
K40 24 36
ND
ND
Bi212 31 35
ND
ND
K40 56 40
Pb212 7.9 5.1
Pb212 4.3 4.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
37
-------
38
-------
3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed
fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically significant
radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function
of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations
and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at approximately 55 sampling sites. The samples are composited,
according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
The samples are analyzed for gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140,
cesium-137, and potassium-40. Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from
potassium-40 activities assuming natural isotopic abundances. All samples collected in July are
analyzed for strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40 are determined by gamma spectral analysis.
Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has been chemically
separated by ion exchange.
39
-------
Table 17
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
Date
Collected
10/02/96
10/23/96
10/07/96
10/15/96
10/03/96
10/16/96
10/07/96
10/15/96
10/15/96
10/15/96
10/28/96
10/07/96
10/03/96
10/07/96
10/28/96
10/07/96
10/11/96
10/03/96
10/09/96
10/01/96
10/07/96
10/02/96
10/15/96
10/01/96
10/15/96
10/09/96
10/22/96
10/28/96
10/07/96
10/07/96
10/07/96
10/17/96
10/01/96
10/07/96
10/07/96
10/10/96
10/10/96
10/25/96
10/03/96
K
g/L ±2u
1.632 0.082
1.644 0.079
1.704 0.081
1.656 0.082
1.549 0.090
.67 0.13
.561 0.089
.680 0.067
.621 0.066
.50 0.10
.668 0.068
.621 0.066
.609 0.068
.656 0.080
.54 0.10
.573 0.080
.632 0.080
.644 0.092
.597 0.089
.585 0.088
.704 0.068
.597 0.080
.597 0.067
.597 0.067
.644 0.080
.609 0.066
.57 0.10
.632 0.066
.609 0.079
.656 0.067
.644 0.080
.585 0.089
.752 0.085
.644 0.078
.609 0.079
.573 0.067
.549 0.087
.585 0.089
.621 0.081
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.7 2.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.7 1.9
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
40
-------
Table 17 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October 1996
Location
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
VA: Norfolk
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
10/10/96
10/22/96
10/01/96
10/29/96
10/02/96
10/18/96
10/07/96
10/07/96
10/07/96
K
g/L ±2u
1.621 0.090
1.680 0.080
1.692 0.079
1.585 0.088
1.597 0.067
1.537 0.087
1.656 0.089
1.728 0.068
1.561 0.088
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
41
-------
Table 18
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
November 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND: Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
Date
Collected
11/05/96
11/06/96
11/05/96
11/13/96
11/05/96
11/18/96
11/04/96
11/26/96
11/06/96
11/13/96
11/15/96
11/04/96
11/08/96
11/20/96
11/06/96
11/04/96
11/08/96
11/05/96
11/04/96
11/01/96
11/19/96
11/04/96
11/06/96
11/18/96
11/07/96
11/21/96
11/05/96
11/07/96
11/06/96
11/19/96
11/05/96
11/04/96
11/06/96
11/12/96
11/21/96
11/07/96
11/13/96
11/13/96
11/04/96
K
g/L ±2u
1.549 0.082
1.609 0.081
1.692 0.082
1.656 0.089
1.656 0.089
.537 0.088
.573 0.078
.644 0.082
.680 0.082
.525 0.082
.632 0.081
.61 0.15
.513 0.089
.692 0.069
.561 0.075
.525 0.083
.692 0.069
.62 0.14
.66 0.12
.644 0.090
.549 0.077
.66 0.10
.585 0.082
.644 0.090
.632 0.089
.597 0.089
.53 0.12
.62 0.10
.692 0.090
.632 0.081
.609 0.089
.585 0.076
.656 0.082
.66 0.15
.525 0.079
.644 0.081
.644 0.068
.716 0.069
.692 0.068
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
5.2 2.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
42
-------
Table 18 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
November 1996
Location
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
TX: Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
Date
Collected
11/04/96
11/21/96
11/13/96
11/12/96
11/21/96
11/15/96
11/05/96
K
g/L ±2u
1.621 0.089
1.632 0.081
1.656 0.090
1.632 0.083
1.656 0.083
1.656 0.067
1.60 0.10
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
43
-------
Table 19
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
December 1996
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CO: Denver
DE: Dover
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IL: Chicago
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND: Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
Date
Collected
12/04/96
12/09/96
12/20/96
12/04/96
12/18/96
12/06/96
12/12/96
12/17/96
12/04/96
12/03/96
12/13/96
12/09/96
12/05/96
12/09/96
12/11/96
12/06/96
12/05/96
12/04/96
12/17/96
12/05/96
12/02/96
12/31/96
12/02/96
12/03/96
12/05/96
12/05/96
12/03/96
12/10/96
12/05/96
12/05/96
12/19/96
12/02/96
12/02/96
12/09/96
12/09/96
12/03/96
12/30/96
12/18/96
12/03/96
K
g/L ±2u
1.60 0.11
1.525 0.075
1.54 0.12
1.573 0.089
1.573 0.079
.609 0.087
.67 0.10
.597 0.089
.716 0.069
.49 0.10
.478 0.074
.621 0.080
.63 0.14
.73 0.12
.621 0.090
.573 0.080
.716 0.079
.609 0.081
.597 0.079
.644 0.061
.57 0.10
.54 0.11
.609 0.081
.668 0.080
.656 0.091
.55 0.14
.537 0.075
.573 0.079
.561 0.089
.680 0.090
.632 0.089
.549 0.076
.644 0.081
.56 0.11
.57 0.10
.549 0.089
.442 0.075
.609 0.080
.621 0.079
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.8 2.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
6.5 2.4
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
44
-------
Table 19 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
December 1996
Location
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Ft. Worth
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
12/03/96
12/04/96
12/31/96
12/04/96
12/31/96
12/18/96
12/16/96
12/19/96
12/04/96
12/02/96
K
g/L ±2u
1.78 0.14
1.644 0.090
1.680 0.091
1.632 0.067
1.597 0.066
1.621 0.089
1.54 0.12
1.644 0.082
1.609 0.079
1.632 0.092
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
45
-------
46
-------
For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS and the data that are generated should
be directed as follows:
For System Operations For Analytical Information andData-
Rhonda Sears John Griggs
National Air and Radiation Environmental National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue 540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601 Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: sears.rhonda@epa.gov e-mail: griggs.john@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
William C. Conklin
USEPA - ORIA
Center for Emergency Preparedness and Clean Materials
Radiation Protection Division (MC66085)
501 Third Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
e-mail: conklin.craig@epa.gov
***
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