402-R-98-020
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 95
July - September 1998
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and published quarterly by the Office of Radiation
and Indoor Air's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery,
Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS). ERD is published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are
available online atwww.epa.gov/narel.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established ERAMS in 1973 with an emphasis
on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. ERAMS
is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air, precipitation, surface
water, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor
fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The
radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta analyses, gamma
analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and
tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and
on routine and accidental releases into the environment from stationary sources.
The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the ERAMS samples are contained in the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual (EPA 520/5-84-006).
Station operation and sample collection are in accordance with procedures contained in the ERAMS
Manual (EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).
vn
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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) is performed
by volunteer collectors who are frequently members of the health departments or related
environmental agencies of their respective states. The National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would like to
acknowledge the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful
operation of ERAMS. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times
of emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes
demanding.
IX
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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured value
that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measurement process
cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or background, which is
subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were reported as "not
detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their estimated measurement
uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996 both of these practices were discontinued.
Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion of negative results in the report
allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides are not
detected.
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured value y is reported with an expanded uncertainty U=k uc(y), which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from^ - U
toy+Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95%.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded to
the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1. The
MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95% probability of detection when the
detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5% probability of false detection in a blank sample.
XI
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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Tritium
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
f Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
{Iodine-131
Cesium- 137
{ Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Unit
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
Minimum
Detectable
Concentration
2
0.0015
2
2
150
150
0.75
0.1
0.75
0.1
0.02
2
1
4
4
0.3
5
5
15
15
0.06
0.06
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two
isotopes cannot be determined.
f The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3.
J Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll
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1. Air Program
Airborne Participates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates
and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all
contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic
coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States.
Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field
measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours after collection to allow for decay of
natural radon isotopes and their progeny. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials
by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma
scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m3. The laboratory
obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to the decay of naturally occurring
radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at most field stations collecting air filters. These samples are also
sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans, tritium, and gross beta activity
measurements. A composite of the March, April, and May precipitation samples is analyzed for
plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.
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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
July 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
Number
of
Samples
2
8
7
3
8
8
8
8
8
7
3
7
8
8
7
7
8
6
8
16
8
2
3
3
8
8
4
5
8
3
7
7
8
2
6
6
8
8
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.3 0.5
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
2.8 0.2 0.7
0.5 0.2 0.3
0.6 0.1 0.4
1.5 0.2 1.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.3
1.3 0.1 0.5
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.4
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.9 0.4 0.7
0.3 0.1 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.004 0.004 0.004
0.033 0.014 0.022
0.021 0.012 0.017
0.015 0.013 0.014
0.016 0.002 0.006
0.012 0.007 0.009
0.014 0.009 0.011
0.015 0.005 0.008
0.014 0.007 0.010
0.013 0.007 0.012
0.013 0.008 0.011
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.036 0.008 0.014
0.014 0.009 0.011
0.018 0.005 0.010
0.018 0.006 0.013
0.018 0.009 0.013
0.014 0.004 0.009
0.017 0.006 0.010
0.017 0.006 0.010
0.020 0.008 0.015
0.017 0.013 0.015
0.014 0.009 0.011
0.011 0.005 0.008
0.016 0.004 0.009
0.011 0.009 0.010
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.018 0.008 0.012
0.018 0.006 0.009
0.014 0.010 0.012
0.021 0.007 0.012
0.019 0.009 0.013
0.020 0.008 0.013
0.008 0.005 0.007
0.020 0.008 0.014
0.015 0.008 0.011
0.026 0.016 0.020
0.023 0.010 0.016
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
July 1998
Location
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
8
8
8
8
7
6
7
8
3
8
8
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
1.2 0.5 0.7
1.0 0.4 0.7
1.5 0.6 0.8
1.0 0.4 0.6
0.5 0.3 0.4
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.9 0.3 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.019 0.011 0.015
0.018 0.012 0.015
0.020 0.011 0.016
0.022 0.012 0.016
0.021 0.012 0.016
0.013 0.008 0.012
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.018 0.014 0.016
0.014 0.010 0.011
0.004 0.003 0.003
0.017 0.006 0.009
0.016 0.007 0.010
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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
August 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
Number
of
Samples
2
9
8
4
8
8
9
9
9
7
4
9
8
8
9
8
9
8
9
16
8
5
3
4
8
8
9
4
9
8
3
8
8
5
9
1
7
3
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.7 0.3 0.5
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.4
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.6 0.1 0.3
2.1 0.4 1.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.3
1.5 0.1 0.4
0.6 0.2 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.2 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.4
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.2 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.004 0.003 0.003
0.043 0.002 0.023
0.032 0.015 0.020
0.019 0.014 0.017
0.006 0.003 0.004
0.012 0.008 0.011
0.015 0.008 0.011
0.020 0.005 0.009
0.020 0.006 0.013
0.016 0.003 0.007
0.014 0.006 0.008
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.029 0.009 0.016
0.023 0.008 0.012
0.014 0.007 0.009
0.024 0.011 0.015
0.025 0.011 0.018
0.015 0.005 0.009
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.018 0.009 0.013
0.030 0.013 0.021
0.030 0.010 0.017
0.012 0.006 0.008
0.016 0.008 0.011
0.012 0.005 0.010
0.027 0.005 0.013
0.015 0.008 0.012
0.015 0.007 0.011
0.019 0.008 0.011
0.014 0.006 0.009
0.023 0.012 0.018
0.020 0.009 0.013
0.102 0.012 0.028
0.005 0.003 0.004
0.022 0.009 0.014
0.011 0.011 0.011
0.019 0.009 0.013
0.018 0.013 0.016
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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
August 1998
Location
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
4
7
9
9
9
9
9
7
9
8
9
3
9
8
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.8 0.1 0.4
0.5 0.2 0.4
1.2 0.0 0.5
1.1 0.0 0.5
1.2 0.0 0.5
1.0 0.0 0.5
0.6 0.0 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.9 0.1 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.3 0.4 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.4
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.039 0.020 0.027
0.032 0.014 0.023
0.031 0.012 0.020
0.028 0.011 0.018
0.026 0.013 0.018
0.035 0.016 0.021
0.030 0.012 0.019
0.021 0.006 0.013
0.017 0.005 0.011
0.018 0.010 0.013
0.019 0.007 0.012
0.005 0.002 0.004
0.021 0.003 0.011
0.025 0.009 0.014
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Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
September 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
Number
of
Samples
2
8
8
5
9
9
8
8
8
6
4
4
8
9
8
9
7
9
8
18
8
2
1
3
9
5
8
5
8
8
4
9
9
7
7
5
1
9
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.0 0.3
0.8 0.3 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
1.4 0.4 0.8
0.2 0.1 0.2
1.3 0.2 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.9 0.3 0.6
0.4 0.2 0.3
1.9 0.3 0.7
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.4
1.4 0.2 0.6
0.8 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.1 0.1
1.5 0.0 0.8
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.1 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.005 0.003 0.004
0.038 0.015 0.024
0.028 0.011 0.018
0.025 0.014 0.018
0.010 0.005 0.006
0.016 0.009 0.012
0.024 0.010 0.015
0.013 0.004 0.009
0.024 0.007 0.015
0.018 0.004 0.009
0.013 0.004 0.009
0.004 0.002 0.003
0.020 0.005 0.012
0.018 0.004 0.013
0.020 0.006 0.011
0.022 0.006 0.015
0.030 0.008 0.016
0.013 0.005 0.009
0.019 0.004 0.012
0.022 0.002 0.012
0.042 0.008 0.019
0.023 0.016 0.020
0.008 0.008 0.008
0.023 0.006 0.015
0.018 0.004 0.010
0.018 0.004 0.013
0.017 0.010 0.014
0.016 0.013 0.014
0.018 0.005 0.012
0.016 0.006 0.012
0.019 0.012 0.017
0.025 0.006 0.014
0.028 0.008 0.019
0.007 0.004 0.005
0.029 0.007 0.018
0.023 0.009 0.019
0.013 0.013 0.013
0.030 0.011 0.018
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Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
September 1998
Location
SD: Pierre
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
5
9
8
8
8
8
8
5
9
5
8
8
7
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.2 0.4
2.0 0.2 0.8
1.8 0.2 0.8
2.4 0.1 1.0
2.4 0.2 0.9
1.2 0.1 0.4
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.1 0.7
0.3 0.0 0.1
1.4 0.4 0.8
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.6 0.1 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.025 0.013 0.019
0.041 0.009 0.023
0.030 0.007 0.021
0.030 0.007 0.021
0.029 0.007 0.021
0.036 0.005 0.023
0.033 0.006 0.022
0.024 0.009 0.016
0.025 0.011 0.018
0.014 0.009 0.012
0.027 0.007 0.017
0.018 0.006 0.012
0.018 0.006 0.013
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Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
July 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Paine sville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
3.71
1.72
2.12
2.10
7.41
3.66
1.88
0.77
2.15
5.02
1.41
1.24
7.13
1.53
1.14
1.42
4.17
2.47
1.97
2.25
3.61
1.99
4.30
3.96
13.41
2.48
3.30
3.66
2.97
6.17
1.73
3.44
0.70
0.44
0.32
0.37
0.37
0.59
0.44
0.34
0.27
0.36
0.50
0.32
0.31
0.58
0.32
0.28
0.31
0.46
0.38
0.35
0.37
0.42
0.43
0.48
0.45
0.80
0.39
0.42
0.44
0.40
0.54
0.34
0.42
0.34
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Pb212
Be7
Be7
Be7
T1208
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
K40
Pb212
Pb212
K40
Be7
T1208
43 32
37 39
ND
83 26
105 18
68 18
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.4 7.7
89 18
ND
ND
ND
91 50
ND
ND
ND
86 19
1.7 1.7
37 33
79 35
56 20
ND
80 43
175 37
34 31
89 35
6.5 8.0
ND
6.2 7.2
82 32
31 33
4.2 3.6
ND
Note:
ND = Not Detected
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Table 5 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
July 1998
Location
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
3.81 0.52
1.70 0.34
5.57 0.51
1.54 0.31
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
ND
ND
Pb212 6.3 6.2
Ra224 41 42
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
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Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
August 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Paine sville
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
2.78
2.06
1.92
1.60
2.18
1.85
2.50
0.88
2.24
0.57
10.11
5.09
1.18
1.04
4.85
1.47
2.89
0.70
0.59
5.67
1.69
14.11
2.09
1.77
2.77
2.34
1.91
6.81
1.19
0.38
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.41
0.38
0.36
0.26
0.37
0.25
0.79
0.54
0.30
0.29
0.51
0.37
0.44
0.26
0.24
0.56
0.36
0.82
0.34
0.37
0.38
0.37
0.34
0.56
0.31
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Pb212
Be7
Be7
Pb212
Be7
Be7
Be7
Bi212
Be7
Pb212
T1208
Be7
Pb212
Be7
Be7
K40
Pb212
Be7
T1208
Be7
K40
K40
Pb212
Be7
57 27
43 36
53 40
64 33
9.2 8.4
26 23
58 29
3.2 4.3
ND
ND
ND
28 30
120 35
ND
46 40
40 60
77 31
4.7 6.2
ND
ND
ND
1.9 3.5
74 39
6.6 8.3
43 28
65 35
25 41
8.5 8.4
73 42
3.7 4.6
37 26
20 24
ND
20 28
4.5 5.9
73 32
ND
Note:
ND = Not Detected
10
-------
Table 6 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
August 1998
Location
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
3.80 0.47
3.30 0.46
10.09 0.67
1.85 0.34
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
ND
Be7 58 37
K40 28 46
ND
T1208 3.6 5.1
Note: ND = Not Detected
11
-------
Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
September 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Paine sville
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
1.35
0.71
2.95
3.94
3.54
1.24
1.02
5.27
1.70
27.4
5.29
1.05
1.47
4.33
1.17
1.41
2.10
3.48
8.55
2.07
8.02
3.61
1.77
0.47
2.91
3.36
0.16
1.87
4.49
0.57
0.31
0.27
0.41
0.44
0.43
0.29
0.28
0.52
0.33
1.2
0.51
0.28
0.31
0.73
0.28
0.31
0.36
0.42
0.66
0.35
0.60
0.42
0.33
0.24
0.40
0.43
0.21
0.33
0.48
0.24
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Be7
Be7
Be7
T1208
Be7
Be7
T1208
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
T1208
Pb212
Pb212
T1208
ND
ND
33 26
75 42
37 18
4.3 3.1
ND
ND
ND
91 37
105 18
ND
ND
2.5 3.6
ND
ND
ND
70 18
75 21
34 20
ND
89 37
2.5 4.7
ND
ND
4.2 6.1
ND
ND
ND
3.5 5.8
2.4 4.7
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
12
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
July - September 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WI: Madison
July 1998
pCi/L ±2u
21 79
46 78
13 77
41 78
30 80
-16 78
-41 77
10 79
0 76
11 77
21 78
51 81
78 79
119 81
121 81
25 79
94 82
5 77
-3 76
30 80
-2 77
16 77
6 79
30 80
19 76
30 78
14 79
282 89
87 82
-21 78
64 81
8 77
30 78
69 79
21 80
77 80
August 1998
pCi/L ±2u
-18 76
70 76
86 77
39 75
36 79
3 77
-19 76
-10 76
-11 73
53 75
81 77
58 79
46 79
86 77
34 75
74 80
55 79
88 77
42 75
66 79
NS
NS
21 77
19 77
78 77
NS
13 77
328 90
104 81
84 80
52 79
37 75
67 76
5 73
54 79
34 79
September 1998
pCi/L ±2u
-41 80
-55 79
-37 80
NS
98 77
90 77
-28 71
-42 79
21 81
-31 79
52 82
107 78
-18 80
-3 81
-58 78
-26 81
NS
8 82
-23 80
77 76
NS
48 82
121 78
61 76
-2 81
NS
NS
32 82
-11 81
-60 79
-31 80
-29 80
NS
7 82
15 82
-46 80
Note: NS = No Sample
13
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis of annually
composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne paniculate
samplers.
Concentrations of plutonium-23 8, combined plutonium-239 and 240, anduranium-234,235, and 23 8
are determined by alpha spectrometry following chemical separation. The volume of air represented
by the annual composite ranges from 120,000 to 500,000 cubic meters.
Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
14
-------
2. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's rivers,
streams, and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities in as many
as 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and gamma-emitting
radionuclides annually. Tritium is a primary potential radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants
and weapons production activities.
15
-------
Table 9
Tritium in Surface Water
July - September 1998
Location
AL: Decatur
AL: Gordon
AR: Little Rock
CA: Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA: Eureka
CA: San Onofre
CO: Platteville
CT: E. Haddam
CT: Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL: Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
GA: Baxley
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL: Moline
IL: Morris
IL: Zion
KS: Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
MD: Conowingo
MD: Lusby
ME: Wiscasset
MI: Bridgman
MI: Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: S. Haven
MN: Monticello
MN: Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Southport
NJ: Bayside
NJ: Oyster Creek
NV: Boulder City
NY: Chelsea
NY: Croton-On-Hudson
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Humboldt Bay
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Colorado River
Hudson River
Hudson River
Date
Collected
07/01/98
07/15/98
07/10/98
07/28/98
07/02/98
09/29/98
07/10/98
07/09/98
07/13/98
09/03/98
09/03/98
07/06/98
07/28/98
07/27/98
07/08/98
07/08/98
07/06/98
08/26/98
07/17/98
09/01/98
09/24/98
09/08/98
08/14/98
07/14/98
07/14/98
07/21/98
07/14/98
07/08/98
07/13/98
07/14/98
08/03/98
08/10/98
07/07/98
07/13/98
07/30/98
07/10/98
07/10/98
08/20/98
07/27/98
07/23/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
192 85
62 80
13 78
-3 78
5 79
1890 130
-46 77
93 74
48 81
35 80
25 79
0 77
57 81
161 85
21 78
27 79
14 79
43 80
740 110
81 79
28 84
42 79
16 78
225 94
6 83
81 82
110 83
32 79
88 83
85 82
54 81
44 80
16 80
267 96
-21 78
5 79
5 80
-9 78
49 80
69 81
16
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Tritium in Surface Water
July - September 1998
Location
OH: Toledo
OR: Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC: Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC: Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TN: Oak Ridge
TX: Matagorda
VA: Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT: Vernon
WA: Northport
WA: Richland
WI: Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Delaware River - Baxter
Schuylkill River - Queen Lane
Schuylkill River - Belmont
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Clinch River
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
07/14/98
07/15/98
07/15/98
07/08/98
07/08/98
07/08/98
07/14/98
07/20/98
07/16/98
07/30/98
07/07/98
09/01/98
07/01/98
07/01/98
07/06/98
07/21/98
07/21/98
07/14/98
07/02/98
07/14/98
07/08/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
28 79
13 82
53 82
11 78
84 81
47 79
1070 120
197 87
520 100
940 110
168 85
-28 82
43 80
1750 130
125 84
51 81
58 82
14 79
102 82
48 81
8 78
17
-------
Drinking Water
This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water in as many as 78 sites. These data
serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the
EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval
of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/L, when the
gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not
exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta
levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.
Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear
facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and
gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and radium-228 if
the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each
station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and
uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.
18
-------
Table 10
Tritium in Drinking Water
July - September 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
Date
Collected
09/10/98
07/16/98
07/01/98
07/01/98
07/09/98
07/23/98
07/02/98
07/15/98
07/08/98
07/02/98
07/10/98
07/21/98
07/02/98
08/13/98
07/08/98
09/10/98
07/02/98
07/07/98
07/02/98
07/16/98
07/10/98
07/01/98
07/01/98
07/07/98
07/01/98
07/14/98
07/08/98
07/08/98
07/14/98
08/10/98
07/27/98
07/02/98
07/21/98
07/02/98
07/13/98
07/13/98
07/16/98
07/08/98
07/16/98
07/20/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
23
-98
102
50
20
-30
39
25
51
22
-12
23
27
-18
-41
-12
-13
-18
18
-8
-63
-13
24
71
-3
160
37
176
83
9
7
11
9
-12
30
238
-13
7
3
5
78
82
82
80
79
76
80
86
88
78
85
78
79
76
76
76
77
77
79
85
83
76
78
81
77
91
80
86
89
77
77
78
77
77
79
95
85
78
86
85
19
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
July - September 1998
Location
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co #768
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co #772
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co #371
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #360
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #4442
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
07/10/98
07/10/98
08/05/98
07/01/98
07/01/98
09/30/98
07/24/98
09/17/98
08/26/98
07/30/98
07/06/98
07/14/98
09/22/98
07/01/98
07/16/98
07/16/98
07/08/98
07/08/98
07/08/98
07/30/98
07/16/98
07/02/98
07/10/98
07/17/98
07/17/98
07/07/98
07/06/98
09/30/98
09/30/98
09/30/98
09/29/98
09/29/98
07/10/98
07/17/98
07/07/98
07/14/98
07/01/98
07/14/98
07/06/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
-51
-50
18
59
10
99
103
7
19
67
119
99
-3
21
10
-66
30
85
-18
42
41
44
-7
43
13
57
-21
-73
-55
-29
-34
-34
-27
-10
105
13
50
-83
24
83
76
78
80
78
86
82
77
77
80
83
82
76
78
86
83
80
82
77
79
79
80
78
87
86
81
76
81
80
82
82
82
77
85
83
86
80
82
78
20
-------
3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed
fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically significant
radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of
this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and
determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at approximately 55 sampling sites. The samples are composited,
according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
The samples are analyzed for gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140,
cesium-137, and potassium-40. Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from
potassium-40 activities assuming natural isotopic abundances. All samples collected in July are
analyzed for strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40 are determined by gamma spectral analysis.
Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has been chemically
separated by ion exchange.
21
-------
Table 11
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
July 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PR: San Juan
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TX: Austin
Date
Collected
07/02/98
07/07/98
07/15/98
07/07/98
07/07/98
07/07/98
07/09/98
07/14/98
07/06/98
07/27/98
07/06/98
07/06/98
07/07/98
07/06/98
07/07/98
07/02/98
07/27/98
07/07/98
07/06/98
07/21/98
07/07/98
07/16/98
07/09/98
07/20/98
07/22/98
07/03/98
07/06/98
07/21/98
07/28/98
07/07/98
07/06/98
07/06/98
07/28/98
07/31/98
07/14/98
07/31/98
07/07/98
07/06/98
07/21/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.644 0.049
1.49 0.14
1.656 0.049
1.680 0.090
1.585 0.082
1.63 0.10
1.644 0.049
1.704 0.093
1.632 0.048
1.644 0.049
1.79 0.15
1.49 0.12
1.68 0.10
1.67 0.13
1.597 0.092
1.597 0.048
1.632 0.049
1.740 0.094
1.668 0.050
1.728 0.050
1.549 0.092
1.609 0.079
1.656 0.049
1.621 0.049
1.644 0.049
1.49 0.14
1.644 0.049
1.644 0.049
1.680 0.050
1.692 0.049
1.656 0.050
1.621 0.049
1.54 0.13
1.609 0.048
1.656 0.049
1.609 0.090
1.61 0.13
1.668 0.049
1.561 0.048
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.3 1.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
22
-------
Table 11 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
July 1998
Location
TX: Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
07/07/98
07/09/98
07/27/98
07/07/98
07/13/98
07/06/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.704 0.051
1.525 0.087
1.692 0.049
1.57 0.12
1.656 0.091
1.49 0.12
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
23
-------
Table 12
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
August 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
TX: Ft. Worth
Date
Collected
08/10/98
08/25/98
08/19/98
08/05/98
08/05/98
08/06/98
08/13/98
08/26/98
08/05/98
08/04/98
08/10/98
08/06/98
08/10/98
08/17/98
08/05/98
08/07/98
08/06/98
08/04/98
08/11/98
08/05/98
08/04/98
08/20/98
08/12/98
08/17/98
08/10/98
08/04/98
08/06/98
08/10/98
08/04/98
08/05/98
08/04/98
08/19/98
08/12/98
08/31/98
08/06/98
08/03/98
08/05/98
08/10/98
08/05/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.621 0.091
1.55 0.13
1.692 0.068
1.680 0.086
1.704 0.068
1.597 0.087
1.775 0.096
1.51 0.14
1.632 0.049
1.60 0.12
1.63 0.13
1.573 0.091
1.63 0.15
1.728 0.068
1.64 0.12
1.716 0.092
1.692 0.093
1.787 0.096
1.573 0.079
1.692 0.088
1.537 0.087
1.58 0.13
1.454 0.084
1.668 0.068
1.680 0.090
1.644 0.049
1.621 0.049
1.597 0.084
1.728 0.069
1.63 0.14
1.644 0.049
1.561 0.087
1.573 0.086
1.66 0.13
1.549 0.088
1.49 0.14
1.656 0.049
1.704 0.093
1.704 0.050
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.1 1.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.7 2.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
24
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
August 1998
Location
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
08/10/98
08/11/98
08/04/98
08/05/98
08/03/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.621 0.082
1.632 0.087
1.525 0.078
1.573 0.087
1.56 0.12
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
25
-------
Table 13
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
September 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Ft. Worth
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
Date
Collected
09/08/98
09/15/98
09/15/98
09/08/98
09/28/98
09/09/98
09/28/98
09/08/98
09/22/98
09/08/98
09/08/98
09/10/98
09/11/98
09/08/98
09/09/98
09/04/98
09/04/98
09/01/98
09/16/98
09/03/98
09/08/98
09/23/98
09/28/98
09/03/98
09/16/98
09/08/98
09/10/98
09/16/98
09/08/98
09/09/98
09/24/98
09/29/98
09/13/98
09/21/98
09/29/98
09/03/98
09/18/98
09/08/98
09/08/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.609 0.092
1.573 0.091
1.69 0.14
1.728 0.094
1.585 0.083
1.72 0.15
1.632 0.049
1.45 0.12
1.644 0.082
1.74 0.14
1.79 0.14
1.54 0.12
1.55 0.13
1.656 0.093
1.57 0.13
1.656 0.094
1.537 0.081
1.68 0.13
1.55 0.12
1.466 0.090
1.53 0.10
1.561 0.089
1.60 0.10
1.61 0.10
1.561 0.082
1.55 0.10
1.561 0.081
1.68 0.15
1.72 0.13
1.50 0.14
1.585 0.048
1.692 0.070
1.64 0.13
1.561 0.087
1.549 0.088
1.585 0.091
1.55 0.10
1.609 0.082
1.48 0.14
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.7 3.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
5.4 1.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
26
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
September 1998
Location
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
09/14/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.51 0.14
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
27
-------
Table 14
Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk
July 1998
Strontium-90 results will be reported at a later date.
28
-------
For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS and the data that are generated
should be directed as follows:
For System Operations For Analytical Information andData-
Rhonda SearsJohn Griggs
National Air and Radiation EnvironmentalNational Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: sears.rhonda@epa.gove-mail: griggs.john@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
William C. Conklin
USEPA - ORIA
Center for Emergency Preparedness and Clean Materials
Radiation Protection Division (MC66085)
501 Third Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
e-mail: conklin.craig@epa.gov
***
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Contents
Page
List of Tables v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Data Reporting Conventions xi
1. Air Program 1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 14
2. Water Program 15
Surface Water 15
Drinking Water 18
3. Milk Program 21
Pasteurized Milk 21
in
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List of Tables
Table Page
1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii
2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: July 1998 2
3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: August 1998 4
4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: September 1998 6
5 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: July 1998 8
6 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: August 1998 10
7 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: September 1998 12
8 Tritium in Precipitation: July - September 1998 13
9 Tritium in Surface Water: July - September 1998 16
10 Tritium in Drinking Water: July - September 1998 19
11 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: July 1998 22
12 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: August 1998 24
13 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: September 1998 26
14 Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk: July 1998 28
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