402-R-98-021
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 96
October - December 1998
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and published quarterly by the Office of Radiation
and Indoor Air's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery,
Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS). ERD is published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are
available online atwww.epa.gov/narel.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established ERAMS in 1973 with an emphasis
on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. ERAMS
is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air, precipitation, surface
water, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor
fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The
radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta analyses, gamma
analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and
tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and
on routine and accidental releases into the environment from stationary sources.
The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the ERAMS samples are contained in the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual (EPA 520/5-84-006).
Station operation and sample collection are in accordance with procedures contained in the ERAMS
Manual (EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).
vn
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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) is performed
by volunteer collectors who are frequently members of the health departments or related
environmental agencies of their respective states. The National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would like to
acknowledge the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful
operation of ERAMS. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times
of emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes
demanding.
IX
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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured value
that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measurement process
cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or background, which is
subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were reported as "not
detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their estimated measurement
uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996 both of these practices were discontinued.
Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion of negative results in the report
allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides are not
detected.
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured value y is reported with an expanded uncertainty U=k uc(y), which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from^ - U
toy+Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95%.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded to
the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1. The
MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95% probability of detection when the
detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5% probability of false detection in a blank sample.
XI
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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Tritium
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
f Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
{Iodine-131
Cesium- 137
{ Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Unit
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
Minimum
Detectable
Concentration
2
0.0015
2
2
150
150
0.75
0.1
0.75
0.1
0.02
2
1
4
4
0.3
5
5
15
15
0.06
0.06
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two
isotopes cannot be determined.
f The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3.
J Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll
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1. Air Program
Airborne Participates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates
and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all
contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic
coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States.
Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field
measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours after collection to allow for decay of
natural radon isotopes and their progeny. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials
by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma
scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m3. The laboratory
obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to the decay of naturally occurring
radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at most field stations collecting air filters. These samples are also
sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans, tritium, and gross beta activity
measurements.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.
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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Nashville
Number
of
Samples
1
9
9
4
8
9
9
9
9
6
4
9
9
9
9
8
8
9
18
9
5
5
9
6
9
4
7
8
3
8
9
9
9
9
1
9
2
9
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.4 0.7
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
2.0 0.5 1.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.9 0.2 0.6
0.9 0.1 0.2
1.2 0.2 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
1.2 0.1 0.3
0.7 0.1 0.5
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.1 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.0 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.008 0.008 0.008
0.063 0.012 0.035
0.020 0.006 0.013
0.025 0.009 0.017
0.017 0.004 0.008
0.023 0.008 0.015
0.020 0.007 0.015
0.011 0.002 0.007
0.016 0.003 0.010
0.016 0.007 0.011
0.006 0.005 0.005
0.030 0.006 0.012
0.023 0.005 0.011
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.019 0.006 0.012
0.015 0.005 0.010
0.007 0.004 0.006
0.019 0.005 0.010
0.021 0.004 0.010
0.030 0.009 0.017
0.025 0.013 0.016
0.021 0.007 0.013
0.009 0.002 0.006
0.014 0.007 0.010
0.021 0.007 0.013
0.012 0.003 0.009
0.011 0.003 0.008
0.010 0.003 0.008
0.017 0.012 0.015
0.017 0.006 0.011
0.023 0.008 0.015
0.018 0.003 0.008
0.022 0.004 0.013
0.029 0.006 0.014
0.010 0.010 0.010
0.024 0.010 0.015
0.012 0.006 0.009
0.021 0.010 0.017
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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 1998
Location
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
5
9
2
9
8
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
1.2 0.4 0.8
1.3 0.4 0.8
1.4 0.5 0.8
2.1 0.2 0.9
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.8 0. 0.5
0.2 0. 0.1
0.7 0.4 0.6
1.2 0. 0.7
0.5 0. 0.3
0.4 0. 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.024 0.009 0.016
0.024 0.008 0.016
0.022 0.009 0.015
0.025 0.009 0.015
0.025 0.009 0.015
0.023 0.006 0.010
0.024 0.005 0.013
0.031 0.009 0.015
0.018 0.006 0.011
0.015 0.003 0.009
0.035 0.005 0.013
0.019 0.005 0.010
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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
Number
of
Samples
1
9
8
4
8
7
8
9
9
7
4
4
7
7
7
8
6
9
18
7
3
4
8
6
9
4
7
6
3
8
7
7
10
9
2
7
6
4
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.4 0.7
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.2 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.8 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.4 0.1 0.4
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.7 0.5 1.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.013 0.013 0.013
0.041 0.014 0.025
0.020 0.009 0.016
0.029 0.016 0.023
0.008 0.002 0.005
0.019 0.005 0.013
0.014 0.007 0.009
0.015 0.003 0.008
0.021 0.007 0.012
0.020 0.008 0.013
0.013 0.004 0.008
0.015 0.008 0.012
0.014 0.006 0.009
0.016 0.006 0.012
0.018 0.008 0.013
0.017 0.007 0.013
0.014 0.001 0.007
0.019 0.005 0.011
0.023 0.004 0.012
0.019 0.013 0.016
0.028 0.021 0.026
0.023 0.009 0.017
0.012 0.002 0.007
0.021 0.005 0.012
0.023 0.007 0.014
0.019 0.007 0.012
0.017 0.005 0.011
0.022 0.004 0.011
0.019 0.016 0.018
0.020 0.005 0.012
0.022 0.008 0.016
0.009 0.002 0.005
0.024 0.006 0.014
0.020 0.007 0.014
0.019 0.015 0.017
0.024 0.014 0.018
0.021 0.011 0.014
0.040 0.022 0.030
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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 1998
Location
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
7
9
9
9
9
9
8
7
4
8
5
9
8
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.3 0.6
0.9 0.4 0.6
0.8 0.3 0.5
1.0 0.4 0.6
0.6 0.2 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
1.4 0.1 0.9
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.9 0.4 0.7
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.2 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.023 0.015 0.018
0.037 0.014 0.019
0.019 0.013 0.016
0.022 0.012 0.016
0.023 0.013 0.017
0.022 0.014 0.017
0.015 0.006 0.011
0.040 0.013 0.022
0.015 0.006 0.012
0.019 0.008 0.013
0.005 0.001 0.004
0.018 0.002 0.009
0.023 0.008 0.014
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Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
Number
of
Samples
3
9
8
5
7
10
7
9
9
6
2
8
10
8
10
9
8
8
6
6
3
1
3
10
1
9
5
7
6
5
6
7
7
9
9
1
8
7
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.2 0.4
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.0 0.2
1.4 0.1 0.8
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.1 0.4
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.9 0.4 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.9 0.1 0.8
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.4
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.2 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.0 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.037 0.014 0.025
0.024 0.010 0.019
0.015 0.010 0.014
0.028 0.018 0.023
0.011 0.003 0.007
0.026 0.005 0.013
0.019 0.004 0.009
0.015 0.006 0.010
0.021 0.008 0.014
0.012 0.006 0.009
0.008 0.006 0.007
0.020 0.009 0.015
0.035 0.003 0.013
0.025 0.005 0.012
0.017 0.009 0.013
0.022 0.013 0.016
0.025 0.007 0.012
0.019 0.007 0.012
0.019 0.011 0.016
0.022 0.011 0.014
0.016 0.011 0.014
0.009 0.009 0.009
0.012 0.006 0.010
0.020 0.006 0.010
0.006 0.006 0.006
0.027 0.004 0.015
0.024 0.010 0.017
0.021 0.009 0.013
0.016 0.007 0.011
0.024 0.012 0.019
0.017 0.009 0.013
0.018 0.009 0.014
0.012 0.002 0.005
0.025 0.010 0.016
0.021 0.009 0.015
0.012 0.012 0.012
0.020 0.009 0.012
0.014 0.004 0.010
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Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 1998
Location
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
5
6
4
9
5
5 -hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
1.5 0.0 0.6
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.0 0.3
1.1 0.0 0.3
0.7 0.0 0.3
0.7 0.0 0.3
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
2.7 0.4 1.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.2 0.5
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.024 0.010 0.019
0.024 0.007 0.016
0.019 0.007 0.015
0.019 0.006 0.014
0.018 0.007 0.014
0.018 0.007 0.014
0.020 0.007 0.015
0.017 0.007 0.013
0.037 0.011 0.021
0.029 0.007 0.017
0.015 0.006 0.010
0.003 0.002 0.002
0.019 0.001 0.008
0.024 0.008 0.015
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Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Paine sville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
1.09
1.84
4.88
13.57
2.18
1.49
2.07
0.38
0.67
1.70
2.31
1.73
2.64
8.48
1.89
0.67
0.99
1.42
1.60
5.26
1.21
24.4
1.47
0.80
1.89
2.03
1.40
0.92
0.67
0.34
0.67
2.61
39.0
0.70
0.27
0.34
0.49
0.78
0.35
0.31
0.35
0.24
0.25
0.32
0.37
0.34
0.39
0.71
0.34
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.52
0.30
1.0
0.31
0.26
0.34
0.35
0.31
0.26
0.25
0.23
0.26
0.39
1.4
0.25
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
T1208
K40
Be7
Pb212
T1208
Be7
Be7
Be7
Pb212
Bi212
K40
ND
53 28
ND
ND
56 29
47 25
ND
ND
ND
ND
67 31
ND
3.0 5.2
24 42
37 20
3.8 3.3
1.7 1.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
89 40
ND
ND
48 18
ND
37 28
ND
ND
ND
2.9 3.5
43 37
ND
ND
42 43
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
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Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Paine sville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI: Madison
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
1.34
2.73
1.32
2.41
3.18
1.58
1.16
0.39
1.45
3.62
3.64
1.42
1.28
6.26
2.28
1.83
0.68
2.12
1.69
2.99
3.83
1.89
1.43
3.29
17.87
2.35
2.92
0.46
1.16
12.55
0.28
3.72
0.31
0.39
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.32
0.30
0.24
0.31
0.45
0.43
0.31
0.30
0.61
0.35
0.35
0.26
0.36
0.33
0.39
0.44
0.33
0.31
0.51
0.95
0.37
0.43
0.23
0.29
0.76
0.21
0.43
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Be7
Pb212
Be7
T1208
Be7
Be7
Be7
T1208
Be7
K40
Be7
T1208
Pb212
T1208
Pb212
Be7
T1208
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Pb212
K40
Be7
50 18
4.7 3.0
61 28
2.7 4.2
ND
42 19
64 17
ND
26 28
2.3 1.8
ND
ND
78 17
9 13
ND
ND
47 18
1.8 1.8
5.3 6.5
2.3 4.1
ND
5.1 6.9
40 26
2.1 3.6
73 18
ND
58 18
59 24
37 26
4.2 6.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
26 38
ND
33 19
Note: ND = Not Detected
-------
Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Paine sville
OR: Portland
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
Gross Beta
Activity
pCi/L ±2u
3.53
1.86
1.83
7.98
4.01
2.47
1.07
1.11
1.44
5.40
6.57
2.93
1.28
4.23
2.51
0.74
2.66
2.66
3.99
1.54
2.81
2.15
3.65
2.45
1.75
3.80
15.93
1.34
0.44
0.35
0.41
0.61
0.45
0.40
0.29
0.33
0.36
0.57
0.57
0.40
0.36
0.46
0.37
0.26
0.39
0.38
0.46
0.35
0.39
0.36
0.44
0.38
0.37
0.50
0.85
0.34
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
Be7
T1208
Be7
Be7
K40
Be7
Be7
Be7
Be7
Pb212
K40
Be7
K40
Be7
72 35
ND
3.4 4.9
109 35
ND
60 48
33 37
ND
ND
ND
71 31
ND
ND
ND
50 32
ND
55 36
ND
81 25
4.5 6.5
20 32
ND
ND
68 29
ND
ND
28 28
54 23
Note: ND = Not Detected
10
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
October - December 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Welch
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY: Yaphank
OH: Painesville
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI: Madison
October 1998
pCi/L ±2u
-64 76
9 73
18 74
5 73
-15 79
77 83
-21 72
23 80
44 74
NS
46 75
60 82
15 80
26 73
26 74
13 80
-16 79
-5 72
35 74
23 80
82 76
11 80
-8 79
44 75
23 73
16 80
15 80
-11 79
16 80
3 80
26 74
46 75
-2 72
-5 79
NS
35 74
November 1998
pCi/L ±2u
5 76
129 81
54 78
105 79
127 78
32 77
-5 75
5 76
-9 75
NS
57 77
-5 72
39 77
21 76
0 75
151 82
NS
26 76
24 76
56 78
23 75
51 78
118 81
54 78
-2 74
37 77
500 96
86 79
NS
28 77
56 77
NS
60 77
9 76
42 76
16 76
December 1998
pCi/L ±2u
21 79
15 79
8 79
NS
45 76
61 77
-23 73
23 79
-10 78
21 79
15 79
52 76
32 80
31 80
81 82
125 80
63 77
NS
NS
NS
NS
81 78
84 78
52 81
37 80
NS
40 80
60 77
6 79
93 78
-31 77
NS
26 79
77 78
-8 78
NS
Note: NS = No Sample
11
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis of annually
composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne paniculate
samplers.
Concentrations of plutonium-23 8, combined plutonium-239 and 240, anduranium-234,235, and 23 8
are determined by alpha spectrometry following chemical separation. The volume of air represented
by the annual composite ranges from 120,000 to 500,000 cubic meters.
Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
12
-------
Table 9
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA: Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Welch
MN: Welch
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH: Paine sville
OH: Ross
OR: Portland
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.11 0.16
0.17 0.33
0.14 0.46
0.53 0.75
0.12 0.18
0.16 0.49
0.53 0.96
-0.15 0.31
0.20 0.25
0.00 0.21
0.11 0.20
0.15 0.19
0.23 0.46
0.20 0.35
0.15 0.23
0.34 0.70
0.16 0.47
-0.49 0.56
0.15 0.58
0.27 0.42
0.041 0.058
0.18 0.40
0.18 0.63
-0.22 0.35
0.09 0.36
0.06 0.12
-0.101 0.083
-0.03 0.25
0.00 0.58
-0.09 0.22
0.25 0.29
0.08 0.15
-0.22 0.36
-0.05 0.55
0.92 0.70
0.27 0.66
0.09 0.16
0.11 0.45
0.36 0.37
0.19 0.25
239-240pu
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.07 0.11
0.03 0.17
0.05 0.14
0.63 0.63
-0.034 0.048
0.02 0.15
0.19 0.55
0.03 0.14
-0.036 0.051
0.20 0.23
0.27 0.26
0.09 0.14
0.18 0.22
0.15 0.18
0.11 0.17
0.03 0.22
0.05 0.17
0.10 0.24
0.12 0.33
0.0 0.0
0.009 0.026
0.14 0.32
0.16 0.23
-0.01 0.15
0.12 0.19
0.08 0.12
0.05 0.10
0.014 0.095
0.19 0.43
0.00 0.20
-0.02 0.14
-0.024 0.033
0.07 0.20
0.17 0.32
0.14 0.30
0.11 0.25
0.13 0.18
0.30 0.24
0.24 0.21
0.19 0.22
234U
aCi/m3 ±2u
9.1 1.4
23.2 2.9
24.1 2.9
47.5 6.2
6.5 1.2
20.2 3.2
32.7 4.2
8.6 1.3
16.3 2.3
17.5 2.5
16.3 1.9
4.62 0.99
12.0 1.8
18.4 2.4
12.2 1.9
24.5 3.5
16.4 2.5
19.7 2.7
15.9 2.3
11.3 2.0
11.2 1.9
19.7 2.9
19.2 3.0
16.0 2.0
17.5 2.7
12.3 1.4
13.2 1.9
18.2 2.3
63.4 7.5
19.3 2.8
11.8 1.7
4.75 0.89
15.9 1.9
12.1 1.9
30.8 4.6
7.2 1.2
10.0 1.6
19.0 2.4
10.4 1.1
26.4 3.1
235U
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.92 0.48
1.28 0.66
2.9 1.0
4.3 1.9
0.74 0.45
1.78 0.96
2.2 1.1
0.53 0.36
1.47 0.73
1.53 0.74
1.25 0.51
0.72 0.44
0.85 0.51
1.61 0.70
0.91 0.55
2.5 1.1
1.30 0.72
2.49 0.97
1.02 0.60
1.05 0.68
1.04 0.60
2.4 1.0
2.7 1.2
0.93 0.49
0.85 0.68
0.58 0.30
0.79 0.47
1.05 0.55
5.4 2.1
1.54 0.84
0.84 0.47
0.46 0.30
1.58 0.58
1.49 0.67
2.0 1.2
1.13 0.50
1.14 0.55
2.15 0.80
0.87 0.31
1.83 0.78
238U
aCi/m3 ±2u
7.6 1.3
20.7 2.7
21.3 2.7
35.9 5.3
4.9 1.0
16.0 2.8
29.2 3.9
8.1 1.3
15.4 2.2
18.1 2.5
13.9 1.7
3.10 0.80
13.3 1.9
15.4 2.1
10.0 1.6
24.7 3.5
17.4 2.6
18.3 2.6
15.9 2.3
13.9 2.3
10.4 1.8
17.5 2.7
22.2 3.2
15.1 1.9
16.0 2.5
11.2 1.3
12.9 1.9
16.0 2.2
44.7 6.1
17.3 2.7
10.1 1.6
4.71 0.88
15.0 1.8
13.0 1.9
27.1 4.3
4.79 0.94
9.0 1.5
19.5 2.4
11.9 1.2
23.5 2.9
Note: NA = No Analysis
13
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
SD: Pierre
TN: Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
TN:OakRidge/Y12W
TX: Austin
TX: El Paso
UT: Salt Lake City
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
238pu
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.23 0.41
0.12 0.28
0.15 0.27
0.03 0.22
0.07 0.25
0.16 0.29
0.03 0.61
-0.10 0.46
-0.03 0.28
1.0 1.4
1.4 2.6
-0.13 0.21
0.16 0.18
0.13 0.24
0.31 0.43
239-240p
aCi/m3 ±2u
0.08 0.17
18.9 3.0
0.07 0.23
0.12 0.14
0.26 0.19
0.10 0.15
-0.06 0.22
-0.042 0.059
0.07 0.15
0.84 0.75
0.6 1.1
0.013 0.073
-0.01 0.10
0.22 0.27
0.13 0.28
234U
aCi/m3 ±2u
14.4 2.5
28.7 4.6
20.7 2.8
13.9 1.6
27.3 2.4
8.6 1.1
30.0 3.8
82.4 6.2
12.0 2.0
63.4 7.7
51.4 6.8
66.4 5.0
2.97 0.88
12.1 2.6
11.8 1.8
235U
aCi/m3 ±2u
1.45 0.82
3.6 1.7
2.6 1.0
1.60 0.51
2.88 0.68
0.69 0.30
3.5 1.3
6.6 1.3
1.20 0.68
5.0 2.1
4.6 2.0
3.37 0.78
0.57 0.41
1.16 0.83
0.96 0.52
238U
aCi/m3 ±2u
13.8 2.5
23.9 4.1
19.6 2.7
13.9 1.5
50.3 3.9
10.5 1.2
23.9 3.3
40.4 3.6
13.0 2.0
53.9 7.0
38.1 5.7
9.6 1.3
3.39 0.93
10.1 2.3
12.4 1.8
Note: NA = No Analysis
14
-------
2. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's rivers,
streams, and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from nuclear facilities in as many as 58 stations.
Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and gamma-emitting radionuclides annually.
Tritium is a primary potential radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and weapons
production activities.
15
-------
Table 10
Tritium in Surface Water
October - December 1998
Location
AL: Decatur
AL: Gordon
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA: Eureka
CO: Platteville
CT: E. Haddam
CT: Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL: Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
GA: Baxley
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL: Zion
KS: Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
MD: Conowingo
MD: Lusby
ME: Wiscasset
MI: Bridgman
MI: Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: S. Haven
MN: Monticello
MN: Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Southport
NV: Boulder City
NY: Chelsea
NY: Croton-On-Hudson
NY: Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR: Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Humboldt Bay
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Colorado River
Hudson River
Hudson River
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Schuylkill River - Belmont
Date
Collected
10/06/98
10/13/98
10/05/98
10/07/98
10/20/98
12/28/98
10/09/98
10/13/98
12/23/98
12/23/98
10/07/98
10/14/98
10/14/98
10/07/98
10/06/98
10/13/98
12/31/98
12/17/98
11/10/98
11/30/98
10/06/98
10/13/98
10/12/98
10/12/98
10/06/98
10/12/98
10/12/98
10/26/98
10/19/98
10/13/98
10/05/98
10/08/98
12/15/98
10/19/98
12/04/98
10/13/98
10/14/98
10/22/98
10/07/98
10/14/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
422 92
7 77
246 86
155 82
55 81
960 110
-5 76
58 82
-13 81
-21 77
83 79
19 78
29 81
13 76
67 78
56 79
-19 80
34 84
28 80
31 80
52 78
-7 76
28 78
78 83
123 81
53 81
26 81
241 88
-15 79
51 79
317 88
34 78
0 79
36 81
116 83
142 83
-18 76
2 80
60 78
11 77
16
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Tritium in Surface Water
October - December 1998
Location
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC: Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC: Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TX: Matagorda
VA: Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT: Vernon
WA: Northport
WA: Richland
WI: Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Schuylkill River - Queen Lane
Delaware River - Baxter
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
10/14/98
10/14/98
10/09/98
10/29/98
10/13/98
10/27/98
10/15/98
10/06/98
10/07/98
10/13/98
10/29/98
11/23/98
10/12/98
10/08/98
10/13/98
10/06/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
62 80
-25 76
1280 120
136 85
640 100
170 86
35 78
2 76
3200 160
18 84
24 80
10 79
135 82
79 80
136 83
100 79
17
-------
Table 11
Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis
January - December 1998
Location
AL: Decatur
AL: Gordon
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Clay Station
CA: Eureka
CO: Platteville
CT: E. Haddam
CT: Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL: Ft. Pierce
GA: Baxley
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL: Moline
IL: Morris
IL: Zion
KS: Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
MD: Conowingo
MD: Lusby
ME: Wiscasset
MI: Bridgman
MI: Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: S. Haven
MN: Monticello
MN: Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Southport
NV: Boulder City
NY: Chelsea
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Humboldt Bay
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Colorado River
Hudson River
Date
Collected
04/08/98
04/13/98
04/07/98
06/30/98
04/02/98
04/21/98
04/10/98
04/14/98
06/22/98
06/24/98
04/07/98
04/28/98
04/14/98
04/06/98
04/09/98
04/03/98
04/29/98
06/30/98
06/29/98
04/30/98
04/06/98
04/14/98
04/21/98
04/08/98
04/06/98
04/04/98
04/06/98
04/06/98
04/27/98
04/20/98
04/07/98
04/22/98
04/23/98
04/30/98
04/13/98
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
ND
ND
Pb212 2.8 5.1
ND
ND
ND
K40 237 52
1131 9.4 8.0
ND
K40 257 79
Pb212 4.7 6.8
T1208 2.3 4.2
ND
ND
T1208 3.2 2.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 33 67
ND
K40 77 71
K40 126 47
K40 68 41
ND
T1208 2.8 2.7
ND
Pb212 3.3 6.1
ND
ND
ND
K40 200 75
ND
K40 25 40
Pb212 6.0 8.2
Note: ND = Not Detected
18
-------
Table 11 (continued)
Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis
January - December 1998
Location
NY: Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR: Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
SC: Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC: Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TX: Matagorda
VA: Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT: Vernon
WA: Northport
WA: Richland
WI: Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Schuylkill River - Belmont
Schuylkill River - Queen Lane
Delaware River - Baxter
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
06/15/98
05/27/98
04/23/98
04/15/98
04/22/98
04/22/98
04/22/98
05/09/98
05/05/98
04/06/98
04/09/98
04/07/98
04/15/98
04/01/98
04/24/98
04/14/98
04/29/98
04/06/98
04/14/98
04/13/98
04/01/98
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 1u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 51 60
T1208 3.6 3.4
K40 33 40
K40 36 32
T1208 3.1 4.2
ND
ND
K40 35 56
T1208 1.9 3.6
K40 27 33
ND
K40 98 45
Pb212 8.6 7.7
K40 52 46
ND
ND
Pb212 6.1 6.9
ND
K40 26 36
Note: ND = Not Detected
19
-------
Drinking Water
This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water in as many as 78 sites. These data
serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the
EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval
of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/L, when the
gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not
exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta
levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.
Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear
facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and
gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and radium-228 if
the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each
station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and
uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.
20
-------
Table 12
Tritium in Drinking Water
October - December 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
Date
Collected
12/07/98
10/13/98
10/02/98
10/06/98
10/05/98
10/08/98
10/22/98
10/05/98
10/13/98
10/13/98
10/06/98
11/05/98
10/08/98
11/19/98
10/07/98
10/06/98
10/05/98
10/05/98
10/15/98
12/14/98
10/14/98
10/05/98
10/02/98
10/06/98
10/29/98
10/06/98
10/21/98
10/26/98
10/19/98
10/06/98
10/13/98
10/13/98
10/26/98
10/05/98
10/08/98
10/05/98
10/06/98
10/14/98
11/30/98
10/02/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
26
-59
-26
196
253
37
-11
260
63
-19
0
-61
-19
-2
-23
-25
20
-56
75
-43
0
-2
21
-2
-54
146
48
93
-14
26
7
-26
0
-23
0
121
-59
39
-31
-34
79
74
78
89
91
79
76
91
79
75
81
75
76
78
76
76
82
80
79
75
76
81
81
76
73
83
79
80
75
83
77
76
76
81
77
86
79
78
76
76
21
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
October - December 1998
Location
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Philadelphia - Queen Lane
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co #768
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co #772
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co #371
TN: Oak Ridge - Roan Co. #360
TN: Oak Ridge - Roan Co. # 4442
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
10/05/98
11/04/98
12/07/98
11/10/98
12/30/98
10/16/98
10/05/98
10/14/98
11/04/98
10/08/98
10/06/98
10/08/98
10/14/98
10/14/98
10/14/98
10/16/98
10/13/98
10/05/98
10/07/98
10/07/98
11/06/98
10/28/98
10/06/98
10/05/98
12/14/98
12/14/98
12/14/98
12/29/98
12/29/98
10/22/98
10/05/98
10/06/98
10/12/98
10/05/98
10/13/98
10/05/98
3H
pCi/L ±2u
65
112
47
66
24
-2
-52
114
-32
-26
-16
-21
21
-18
64
63
-4
-16
-30
145
-12
33
7
-7
80
3
3
26
650
-47
-11
-31
129
-44
-39
-67
84
81
81
81
80
76
79
82
76
75
81
76
77
76
79
79
76
81
75
83
75
78
77
82
79
78
78
77
100
74
82
80
82
80
74
79
22
-------
Table 13
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 1998
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DE: Dover
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IL: Morris
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
ME: Augusta
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MN: Red Wing
Date
Collected
09/10/98
01/06/98
01/08/98
01/14/98
01/13/98
04/07/98
02/26/98
07/23/98
01/05/98
04/14/98
07/15/98
04/14/98
10/13/98
07/02/98
01/14/98
04/14/98
10/08/98
03/09/98
04/14/98
02/12/98
01/05/98
04/07/98
04/06/98
07/16/98
04/01/98
01/06/98
04/02/98
01/05/98
01/05/98
01/13/98
04/14/98
01/27/98
04/15/98
07/08/98
01/06/98
04/17/98
01/28/98
08/10/98
10/26/98
01/28/98
04/20/98
Blj
pCi/L ±
0.080
0.045
0.00
0.010
-0.021
0.02
-0.04
0.026
-0.027
0.08
0.008
0.010
0.02
0.028
0.13
0.03
-0.044
0.02
0.047
-0.10
0.000
-0.034
0.10
0.071
0.12
-0.05
0.055
0.039
-0.12
-0.22
0.11
0.07
-0.037
0.059
0.17
0.05
0.109
0.034
-0.07
0.032
-0.060
2u
0.074
0.079
0.12
0.068
0.076
0.10
0.10
0.098
0.072
0.10
0.090
0.099
0.17
0.076
0.20
0.10
0.088
0.11
0.092
0.10
0.078
0.091
0.11
0.090
0.10
0.26
0.085
0.075
0.11
0.25
0.10
0.10
0.090
0.078
0.24
0.15
0.085
0.067
0.10
0.093
0.093
23
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 1998
Location
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
Date
Collected
01/05/98
01/07/98
01/06/98
05/12/98
01/07/98
04/23/98
07/08/98
07/16/98
01/05/98
05/06/98
01/05/98
01/05/98
01/14/98
05/12/98
11/04/98
01/15/98
05/14/98
06/08/98
08/26/98
01/28/98
06/03/98
01/05/98
01/07/98
01/27/98
06/30/98
04/01/98
07/01/98
01/15/98
04/16/98
01/15/98
07/16/98
01/06/98
01/06/98
01/06/98
01/28/98
01/06/98
01/08/98
01/07/98
04/10/98
11/06/98
04/07/98
Blj
pCi/L ±
0.081
0.03
0.02
0.11
-0.01
0.11
0.015
0.000
0.13
0.070
0.03
-0.011
-0.21
-0.039
-0.020
0.31
0.052
0.030
0.093
0.08
0.110
0.14
-0.02
0.041
0.07
0.017
0.066
-0.02
0.112
0.05
0.024
0.43
0.53
0.106
-0.01
0.24
-0.07
0.08
0.024
0.001
0.05
2u
0.073
0.12
0.23
0.21
0.13
0.10
0.092
0.078
0.11
0.083
0.15
0.078
0.25
0.070
0.095
0.15
0.085
0.074
0.095
0.10
0.081
0.11
0.12
0.085
0.10
0.093
0.083
0.22
0.079
0.19
0.099
0.26
0.23
0.097
0.14
0.24
0.11
0.21
0.081
0.079
0.11
24
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January - December 1998
Location
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #4442
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #360
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co #371
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co #768
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co #772
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
01/07/98
01/05/98
03/24/98
03/24/98
03/25/98
03/25/98
03/25/98
02/12/98
05/26/98
01/05/98
04/06/98
01/06/98
07/14/98
04/10/98
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
0.12
0.024
0.007
0.11
-0.009
0.009
0.021
0.08
0.064
0.03
0.004
-0.02
0.00
0.072
0.13
0.075
0.096
0.10
0.086
0.096
0.093
0.10
0.071
0.11
0.077
0.26
0.11
0.068
25
-------
Table 14
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
141.7
73.1
65.7
85.4
101.3
22.0
52.9
49.7
78.2
10.3
46.5
80.2
101.8
117.0
131.0
192.5
156.0
92.6
105.3
52.1
88.2
140.1
135.5
116.1
113.1
90.2
114.0
120.5
86.4
82.5
134.6
88.5
76.5
84.4
67.5
136.8
40.2
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 1u
5.09 0.81
2.4 1.0
2.61 0.64
2.53 0.69
2.70 0.65
1.75 0.58
0.95 0.50
5.4 2.7
2.61 0.63
2.1 2.1
2.09 0.57
4.4 1.2
4.9 1.2
4.2 1.0
4.2 1.1
3.05 0.86
3.01 0.80
3.13 0.81
3.39 0.71
1.06 0.50
2.92 0.92
22.5 3.0
12.5 1.8
8.0 1.5
3.83 0.98
3.15 0.68
3.22 0.77
4.27 0.89
2.72 0.66
1.96 0.60
2.67 0.68
2.99 0.65
9.7 1.4
7.3 1.3
3.85 0.77
5.4 1.5
2.41 0.60
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 1u
0.04 0.85
0.8 1.2
0.79 0.89
-0.37 0.34
0.50 0.75
0.48 0.35
0.07 0.44
5.6 3.5
0.75 0.81
-0.2 1.0
0.03 0.37
0.4 1.3
1.3 2.4
0.9 1.5
0.5 1.3
1.1 2.0
1.3 1.6
0.9 1.1
1.2 1.1
0.66 0.60
0.8 1.0
12.6 5.9
16.1 5.0
1.2 2.0
0.6 1.4
-0.28 0.60
0.00 0.72
0.39 0.77
1.1 1.0
0.04 0.48
1.4 1.4
0.33 0.66
16.0 3.5
4.2 2.1
0.59 0.68
1.4 1.8
0.35 0.45
90Sr*
pCi/L ± 1u
* Results will be reported at a later date.
26
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co
#768
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co
#772
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #4442
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #360
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
44.9
84.3
103.3
133.3
82.5
90.2
68.4
121.9
106.7
91.8
122.9
138.5
126.4
98.5
115.6
57.1
86.1
59.6
21.6
128.3
31.0
112.5
121.4
83.9
127.5
82.6
65.2
24.8
55.5
84.9
30.6
79.6
107.7
105.6
51.4
85.0
44.2
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 1u
2.99 0.67
3.79 0.70
3.9 1.0
15.6 2.0
1.89 0.58
3.26 0.66
3.70 0.78
11.1 1.7
7.6 2.1
2.66 0.78
4.43 0.85
3.57 0.81
3.37 0.80
4.4 1.2
3.74 0.84
3.91 0.86
2.48 0.71
3.49 0.67
0.65 0.52
3.85 0.82
3.00 0.85
6.0 1.2
6.3 1.2
4.3 1.1
2.79 0.77
3.20 0.67
2.44 0.60
1.41 0.53
2.54 0.62
4.51 0.91
1.03 0.47
2.41 0.62
3.22 0.65
2.90 0.75
2.35 0.64
2.85 0.71
2.04 0.66
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 1u
0.22 0.48
1.17 0.79
1.4 1.3
16.0 5.2
0.74 0.78
0.38 0.63
0.60 0.89
29.6 6.0
8.4 4.7
0.42 0.93
0.3 1.1
-0.4 1.3
0.68 0.94
0.3 1.4
1.5 1.2
0.65 0.68
1.53 0.95
-0.17 0.27
0.17 0.30
0.9 1.2
0.00 0.61
0.9 1.3
1.2 1.9
0.5 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.06 0.56
0.12 0.45
0.40 0.37
0.22 0.45
5.3 2.1
0.16 0.32
0.16 0.56
0.20 0.65
0.0 1.6
0.00 0.37
0.70 0.57
0.39 0.46
90Sr*
pCi/L ± 1u
'• Results will be reported at a later date.
27
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co #371
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa
WI: Madison
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
66.2
102.1
133.2
85.6
60.9
25.6
85.5
85.3
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ± 1u
2.20 0.60
4.30 0.90
7.2 1.1
2.62 0.64
1.04 0.59
0.46 0.64
2.28 0.71
3.3 1.1
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ± 1u
0.18 0.56
1.1 1.1
2.2 1.7
0.48 0.66
0.73 0.57
0.12 0.42
3.5 1.7
6.7 2.6
90Sr*
pCi/L ± 1u
* Results will be reported at a later date.
28
-------
Table 15
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL: Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA: Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO: Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC: Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL: Tampa
GA: Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL: W. Chicago
KS: Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD: Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN: Minneapolis
MN: Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
226Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.079 0.014
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.58 0.18
2.64 0.31
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.094 0.016
NA
228Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.51 0.47
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
K40 31 36
ND
ND
ND
T1208 3.4 5.7
ND
ND
ND
K40 23 37
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb212 2.9 4.7
ND
ND
ND
Bi214 7.7 8.5
ND
Pb212 6.9 7.6
K40 23 41
K40 29 37
ND
ND
ND
K40 9 13
Pb212 3.7 4.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 33 58
K40 20 36
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
29
-------
Table 15 (continued)
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ: Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Columbus
OH: E. Liverpool
OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA: Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia - Belmont
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Corozal
RI: Providence
SC: Bamwell
SC: Columbia
SC: Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
226Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.236 0.031
NA
NA
NA
0.149 0.021
0.149 0.022
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.674 0.080
NA
NA
NA
228Ra
pCi/L ±2u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
K40 25 44
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Bi212 43 59
K40 31 52
ND
K40 21 27
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 28 46
ND
K40 25 38
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
K40 93 36
ND
K40 32 43
ND
ND
ND
ND
T1208 3.8 5.2
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
30
-------
Table 15 (continued)
Drinking Water
Radium and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides
January - December 1998 Composites
Location
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co
#768
TN: Oak Ridge - Anderson Co
#772
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #4442
TN: Oak Ridge - Roane Co #360
TN: Oak Ridge - Knox Co #371
TX: Austin
VA: Doswell
VA: Lynchburg
WA: Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa
WI: Madison
226Ra
pCi/L ± 1u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.211 0.028
NA
NA
NA
0.497 0.059
0.424 0.052
228Ra
pCi/L ± 1u
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Specific Gamma
Activity
Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u
K40 51 24
T1208 3.1 4.3
Pb214 10.2 7.1
Bi214 19.0 7.0
Pb212 9.1 7.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Bi212 41 46
K40 26 42
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
NA = No Analysis
31
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32
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33
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3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed
fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically significant
radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of
this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and
determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at approximately 55 sampling sites. The samples are composited,
according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
The samples are analyzed for gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140,
cesium-137, and potassium-40. Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from
potassium-40 activities assuming natural isotopic abundances. All samples collected in July are
analyzed for strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40 are determined by gamma spectral analysis.
Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has been chemically
separated by ion exchange.
34
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Table 16
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MO: Jefferson City
MO: Jefferson City*
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NJ: Trenton
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
Date
Collected
10/09/98
10/21/98
10/06/98
10/19/98
10/13/98
10/05/98
10/26/98
10/05/98
10/26/98
10/06/98
10/05/98
10/05/98
10/14/98
10/06/98
10/08/98
10/02/98
10/06/98
10/07/98
10/20/98
10/20/98
10/07/98
10/15/98
10/19/98
10/19/98
10/08/98
10/19/98
10/09/98
10/05/98
10/19/98
10/05/98
10/06/98
10/05/98
10/05/98
10/16/98
10/09/98
10/29/98
10/01/98
10/01/98
10/08/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.525 0.089
1.56 0.10
1.656 0.049
1.585 0.090
1.632 0.082
1.680 0.049
1.549 0.081
1.621 0.049
1.57 0.14
1.668 0.050
1.597 0.048
1.609 0.048
1.656 0.049
1.680 0.049
1.597 0.082
1.621 0.049
1.621 0.049
1.621 0.049
6.54 0.16
6.33 0.23
1.537 0.088
1.55 0.11
1.597 0.089
1.513 0.079
1.621 0.048
1.597 0.081
1.585 0.087
1.609 0.049
1.525 0.081
1.632 0.049
1.692 0.049
1.632 0.049
1.537 0.081
1.561 0.079
1.609 0.080
1.644 0.092
1.644 0.049
1.585 0.048
1.632 0.049
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.7 1.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
* Recount to verify concentration
35
-------
Table 16 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October 1998
Location
TX: Austin
TX: Ft. Worth
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
10/07/98
10/13/98
10/26/98
10/05/98
10/08/98
10/05/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.573 0.089
1.644 0.050
1.64 0.11
1.644 0.049
1.62 0.10
1.513 0.081
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
36
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Table 17
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
November 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MO: Jefferson City
NC: Charlotte
NJ: Trenton
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PR: San Juan
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
Date
Collected
11/06/98
11/05/98
11/04/98
11/10/98
11/12/98
11/16/98
11/10/98
11/23/98
11/05/98
11/02/98
11/04/98
11/09/98
11/17/98
11/13/98
11/06/98
11/06/98
11/03/98
11/12/98
11/16/98
11/19/98
11/23/98
11/23/98
11/06/98
11/05/98
11/16/98
11/17/98
11/05/98
11/04/98
11/02/98
11/06/98
11/20/98
11/23/98
11/23/98
11/25/98
11/25/98
11/06/98
11/20/98
11/03/98
11/16/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.597 0.089
1.61 0.12
1.56 0.10
1.561 0.089
1.57 0.14
.60 0.13
.54 0.13
.644 0.082
.656 0.049
.63 0.10
.63 0.12
.644 0.068
.56 0.12
.53 0.12
.644 0.092
.656 0.081
.55 0.10
.58 0.13
.60 0.14
.62 0.10
.47 0.13
.53 0.13
.621 0.081
.561 0.068
.53 0.11
.573 0.090
.64 0.13
.63 0.13
.621 0.089
.561 0.081
.597 0.080
.537 0.081
.561 0.092
.644 0.081
.50 0.15
.585 0.080
.680 0.094
.61 0.13
.55 0.13
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
37
-------
Table 17 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
November 1998
Location
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
11/04/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.55 0.14
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
38
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Table 18
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
December 1998
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA: San Francisco
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA: Des Moines
IN: Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NM: Albuquerque
NV: Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Chattanooga
TN: Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
Date
Collected
12/07/98
12/17/98
12/16/98
12/08/98
12/29/98
12/07/98
12/01/98
12/07/98
12/09/98
12/07/98
12/07/98
12/07/98
12/08/98
12/09/98
12/08/98
12/04/98
12/09/98
12/01/98
12/07/98
12/03/98
12/01/98
12/17/98
12/14/98
12/07/98
12/07/98
12/07/98
12/15/98
12/07/98
12/10/98
12/08/98
12/09/98
12/02/98
12/09/98
12/22/98
12/02/98
12/31/98
12/02/98
12/15/98
12/07/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.680 0.068
1.501 0.088
1.621 0.080
1.537 0.090
1.621 0.091
.656 0.095
.644 0.081
.632 0.093
.668 0.068
.50 0.14
.58 0.15
.609 0.081
.56 0.12
.632 0.081
.644 0.089
.57 0.10
.740 0.096
.632 0.081
.573 0.091
.585 0.079
.513 0.092
.656 0.067
.609 0.081
.609 0.081
.66 0.10
.56 0.10
.68 0.10
.64 0.15
.68 0.11
.704 0.068
.549 0.089
.442 0.087
.644 0.090
.621 0.067
.644 0.094
.60 0.12
.525 0.089
.513 0.087
.501 0.078
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.8 2.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.7 2.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
39
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Table 18 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
December 1998
Location
TX: Ft. Worth
TX: Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA: Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
12/01/98
12/15/98
12/03/98
12/22/98
12/07/98
12/04/98
12/08/98
K
g/L ±2u
1.549 0.080
1.609 0.080
1.585 0.080
1.62 0.12
1.48 0.10
1.54 0.12
1.609 0.066
137Cs
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Blj
pCi/L ±2u
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not Detected
40
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For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS and the data that are generated should
be directed as follows:
For System Operations For Analytical Information and Data-
Rhonda Sears John Griggs
National Air and Radiation Environmental National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue 540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601 Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: sears.rhonda@epa.gov e-mail: griggs.john@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
e-mail: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
William C. Conklin
USEPA - ORIA
Center for Emergency Preparedness and Clean Materials
Radiation Protection Division (MC66085)
501 Third Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
e-mail: conklin.craig@epa.gov
***
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Contents
Page
List of Tables v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Data Reporting Conventions xi
1. Air Program 1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 12
2. Water Program 15
Surface Water 15
Drinking Water 21
3. Milk Program 33
Pasteurized Milk 33
in
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List of Tables
Table Page
1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii
2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 1998 2
3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 1998 4
4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 1998 6
5 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 1998 8
6 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 1998 9
7 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 1998 10
8 Tritium in Precipitation: October - December 1998 11
9 Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates:
January - December 1998 Composites 13
10 Tritium in Surface Water: October - December 1998 16
11 Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis: January -December 1998 18
12 Tritium in Drinking Water: October - December 1998 21
13 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January - December 1998 23
14 Alpha, Beta, and Sr-90 Concentrations in Drinking Water:
January - December 1998 Composites 26
15 Radium-226, -228 and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Drinking Water:
January - December 1998 Composites 29
16 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October 1998 34
17 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: November 1998 36
18 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: December 1998 36
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