-------
Table 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable
Concentrations for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
| Gross Beta
Tritium
It Plutonium-238,239/240
t Uranium-234,235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
H Iodine- 131
Cesium- 137
H Barium- 140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Reporting
Units
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
nCi/m2
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/L
0.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/L
0.01 nCi/m2
Minimum
Detectable
Concentrations
2 pCi/L
0.0015 pCi/m3
2 pCi/L
0.005 nCi/m2
(specific radiochemical analyses)
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
nCi/L
nCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
0.1 nCi/L
0.1 nCi/L
0.1 aCi/m3
0.001 pCi/L
0.1 aCi/m3
0.001 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
0.1 g/L
0.1 g/L
1 pCi/L
0.15 nCi/L
0.15 nCi/L
1.5 aCi/m3
0.1 pCi/L
1.5 aCi/m3
0.1 pCi/L
0.02 pCi/L
2 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
0.3 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
0.06 g/L
0.06 g/L
50 pCi/L
t The MDC for precipitation is based on the assumption of 1 cm of precipitation.
Q
|| The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 60,000 m . Measurement by alpha spectroscopy includes
contributions of plutonium-239 and plutonium-240.
n
£ The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 60,000m .
££ Activity as of the day of counting.
XI
-------
1. Air Program
Airborne Participates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on
air participates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general
(national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide ge-
ographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity.
Sampling sites are located throughout the United States.
Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and
field measurements are made with a G-M survey meterj at 5 hours after collection to allow
for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate
EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta
counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than
IpCi/m3. The laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to
the decay of naturally occurring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at many field stations collecting air filters. These
samples are also sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans,
tritium, and gross beta activity measurements. A composite of the March, April, and May
precipitation samples is analyzed for plutonium-238, -239, -240, and uranium-234, -235, and
-238.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radi-
ation Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.
Tables 2-4 contain the data from airborne particulate samples for April-June 1995.
Tables 5-7 contain the data from precipitation samples for April-June 1995. Table 8 contains
the data from tritium in precipitation samples for April-June 1995 at the selected sites.
J The counts at five hours for the Montgomery, Alabama, station are performed on a low background beta counter.
1
-------
Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
April 1995
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY:Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH:Painesville
Number
of
Samples
8
6
8
7
4
8
8
5
8
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
8
4
6
8
6
7
4
5
8
8
5
8
4
7
8
5
8
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.2
2.4 0.2 0.5
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.2 0.3
1.1 0.3 0.8
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.3
1.4 0.2 0.4
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
April 1995
Location
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harr i sburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI : Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
8
8
8
8
2
8
6
3
8
8
8
6
8
1
7
8
8
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.3 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.3 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.0 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates — 0.1 pCi/m1"
-------
Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
May 1995
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY:Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH:Painesville
Number
of
Samples
9
9
9
8
5
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
4
9
9
9
9
5
9
9
8
9
4
2
9
9
8
9
5
9
9
6
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
1.0 0.0 0.4
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.7 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
4.6 0.0 0.7
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
May 1995
Location
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harr i sburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI : Madison
Number
of
Samples
9
9
8
9
9
2
9
5
4
9
9
9
8
9
1
8
9
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.9 0.1 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.5
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates — 0.1 pCi/m1"
-------
Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
June 1995
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY:Yaphank
OH: Columbus
OH:Painesville
Number
of
Samples
8
9
9
8
4
7
9
8
9
9
9
9
8
8
9
9
7
9
9
9
9
4
9
7
9
8
3
5
10
9
4
9
3
9
9
5
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.2 0.3
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.2
1.9 0.3 0.8
0.8 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.2 0.2 0.5
3.7 0.2 1.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.8 0.1 0.6
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.2 0.6
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.4
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
4.3 0.1 0.7
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.06 0.01 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
June 1995
Location
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harr i sburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI : Madison
Number
of
Samples
9
8
8
9
9
2
8
3
5
9
9
9
9
9
7
8
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.4 0.4
0.7 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.0 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.1
0.7 0.1 0.5
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates - 0.1 pCi/m"
-------
Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
April 1995
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NY : Albany
NY : Yaphank
OH : Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA:Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
Depth
(mm)
40.8
100.0
84.0
6.0
14.0
44.6
36.0
35.0
145.6
64.4
38.6
96.8
6.0
42.0
130.4
73.0
62.0
8.0
114.0
126.0
16.0
16.4
74.0
9.2
23.6
15.0
24.0
42.0
102.2
83.0
105.0
84.4
28.4
12.4
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2<7
0.03 0.01
0.16 0.03
0.08 0.03
0.01 0.00
0.01 0.00
0.03 0.01
0.11 0.02
0.08 0.01
0.10 0.04
0.06 0.02
0.04 0.01
0.05 0.03
0.01 0.00
0.04 0.01
0.13 0.04
0.13 0.03
0.08 0.02
0.01 0.00
0.16 0.04
0.13 0.04
0.05 0.01
0.02 0.01
0.07 0.02
0.04 0.00
0.05 0.01
0.03 0.01
0.06 0.01
0.20 0.02
0.44 0.05
0.10 0.03
0.06 0.03
0.11 0.03
0.23 0.02
0.19 0.01
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
7Be: 30.4±27.8
ND
ND
ND
234Th: 87.5±86.5
ND
7Be: 68.6±28.9
214Pb: 7.5±6.0
214Bi: 15.6±6.2
7Be: 58.0±29.6
ND
214Pb: 7.2±6.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 38.7±37.1
7Be: 46.7±26.5
ND
214Bi: 13.5±5.7
7Be: 46.6±27.2
ND
ND
214Bi: 18.3±6.2
ND
7Be: 57.9±29.2
7Be: 35.1±24.2
7Be: 41.2±28.6
ND
214Bi: 13.8±7.9
7Be: 119±35
7Be: 106±29
40K: 41.1±40.7
7Be: 49.2±27.0
ND
214Bi: 8.4±6.0
7Be: 80.0±25.2
214Bi: 8.2±6.5
7Be: 38.4±25.5
ND
-------
Table 5 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
April 1995
Location
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WI : Madison
Depth
(mm)
50.0
57.4
70.0
42.4
9.6
81.0
88.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2<7
0.06 0.02
0.06 0.02
0.11 0.02
0.04 0.01
0.02 0.00
0.11 0.03
0.10 0.03
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
214Bi: 18.6±8.8
7Be: 43.2±21.5
Note: a = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.
-------
Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
May 1995
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE: Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NV:Las Vegas
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
Depth
(mm)
32.0
28.4
151.0
58.8
131.2
52.0
107.0
42.4
105.4
4.6
121.0
53.0
10.0
79.8
99.0
63.8
62.2
2.0
187.0
84.0
110.0
27.0
52.6
106.0
102.0
68.2
10.0
17.0
13.0
71.0
82.0
70.0
39.0
71.8
84.0
64.2
72.0
166.6
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2a
0.02 0.01
0.14 0.02
0.19 0.05
0.05 0.02
0.18 0.04
0.11 0.02
0.09 0.03
0.05 0.01
0.02 0.03
0.01 0.00
0.09 0.03
0.08 0.02
0.02 0.00
0.08 0.03
0.15 0.03
0.10 0.03
0.08 0.02
0.00 0.00
0.31 0.06
0.07 0.02
0.21 0.04
0.04 0.01
0.07 0.02
0.12 0.03
0.39 0.05
0.13 0.02
0.05 0.01
0.04 0.01
0.02 0.00
0.19 0.03
0.16 0.03
0.18 0.03
0.11 0.02
0.18 0.03
0.21 0.04
0.24 0.03
0.08 0.02
0.25 0.06
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7Be: 90.6±33.3
7Be: 35.5±29.6
ND
ND
7Be: 40.7±32.5
ND
ND
214Bi: 17.7±7.1
ND
7Be: 42.2±21.5
7Be: 32.0±27.9
214Bi: 9.7±6.3
212Bi: 40.4±24.6
7Be: 43.2±28.2
ND
7Be: 68.8±25.5
214Bi: 11.8±6.8
ND
ND
7Be: 81.6±23.7
7Be: 39.0±23.0
ND
214Pb: 8.7±6.3
214Bi: 13.4±8.3
7Be: 60.8±29.5
7Be: 23.1±21.3
7Be: 69.8±39.1
7Be: 38.4±23.7
ND
7Be: 78.5±36.7
7Be: 90.4±23.8
ND
ND
7Be: 38.8±31.6
ND
10
-------
Table 6 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
May 1995
Location
TX: Austin
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WI : Madison
Depth
(mm)
80.0
84.2
31.0
38.0
80.4
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2<7
0.13 0.03
0.11 0.03
0.36 0.02
0.05 0.01
0.08 0.03
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
ND
214Pb: 8.6±6.8
7Be: 54.9±30.3
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.
11
-------
Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
June 1995
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH : Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
Depth
(mm)
11.2
80.0
59.8
38.0
22.8
40.4
38.0
22.0
161.6
229.0
20.0
53.8
8.6
47.0
26.6
66.0
32.6
78.0
188.0
37.6
8.0
62.0
98.0
28.0
35.0
51.0
58.4
60.0
70.0
75.0
40.0
43.0
89.8
140.8
310.0
77.0
71.2
120.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2a
0.01 0.00
0.05 0.02
0.10 0.02
0.03 0.01
0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01
0.08 0.01
0.05 0.01
0.21 0.05
0.14 0.06
0.02 0.01
0.03 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.09 0.02
0.02 0.01
0.15 0.02
0.05 0.01
0.08 0.02
0.17 0.06
0.09 0.01
0.01 0.00
0.10 0.02
0.13 0.03
0.04 0.01
0.11 0.02
0.09 0.02
0.08 0.02
0.10 0.02
0.53 0.04
0.26 0.03
0.06 0.01
0.04 0.01
0.21 0.04
0.27 0.05
0.68 0.12
0.08 0.02
0.09 0.02
0.08 0.03
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
7Be: 59.1±30.0
214Bi: 7.5±5.8
7Be: 92.9±28.2
ND
ND
7Be: 35.9±30.8
ND
ND
214Bi: 12.2±6.6
ND
ND
7Be: 44.2±30.1
ND
ND
7Be: 30.3±26.2
7Be: 58.5±26.8
7Be: 50.7±26.9
ND
7Be: 51.0±25.0
7Be: 42.4±29.2
ND
7Be: 75.2±33.1
7Be: 25.9±24.4
ND
7Be: 51.7±21.8
ND
ND
7Be: 30.9±25.2
ND
7Be: 84.8±38.1
ND
ND
214Bi: 10.8±6.3
ND
214Bi: 12.6±6.5
7Be: 54.4±29.1
7Be: 46.9±33.9
214Pb: 6.2±5.2
7Be: 87.2±31.9
ND
12
-------
Table 7 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
June 1995
Location
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WI : Madison
Depth
(mm)
12.0
30.0
52.4
56.8
16.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2<7
0.02 0.00
0.06 0.01
0.35 0.03
0.05 0.02
0.02 0.01
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
214Bi: 6.5±5.7
ND
214Bi: 10.0±6.8
7Be: 65.1±36.9
212Bi: 14.5±14.4
Note: a = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.
13
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
April-June 1995
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE: Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trent on
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harrisburg
SC : Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN : Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
April 1995
nCi/L ±2<7
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
May 1995
nCi/L ±2a
NS
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.0 0.1
0.2 0.1
NS
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
June 1995
nCi/L ±2<7
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
NS
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
14
-------
Table 8 (continued)
Tritium in Precipitation
April June 1995
Location
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA:01ympia
WI : Madison
April 1995
nCi/L ±2a
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
May 1995
nCi/L ±2a
NS
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
June 1995
nCi/L ±2<7
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
Note: a = Counting Error. NS = No Sample.
15
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis
of semiannually composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating
airborne particulate samplers.
Concentrations of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-
234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy following chemical separation. The
volume of air represented by the semiannual composite ranges from 60,000 to 250,000 cubic
meters.
Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
Table 9 contains the plutonium and uranium results for the period January-June 1995.
Table 10 contains the plutonium and uranium in precipitation data for January-June 1995.
Values are based upon composites of the March, April, and May samples. Samples from
these three months only are analyzed annually because, due to the spring rains, they usually
contain the year's highest concentrations of plutonium and uranium.
16
-------
Table 9
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates
January-June 1995 Composites
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN: Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
KY: Frankfort
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY:Yaphank
OH: Columbus
238pu
aCi/m3 ±2a
ND
0.1 0.4
0.1 0.3
0.3 0.6
ND
ND
0.7 0.6
ND
ND
ND
0.1 0.5
ND
0.2 0.6
0.1 0.5
0.3 0.5
0.5 0.4
0.6 0.8
0.3 0.7
0.5 0.8
1.0 2.0
0.5 0.5
0.1 0.5
ND
ND
0.2 0.4
0.9 0.8
0.1 0.7
0.9 0.8
ND
ND
ND
0.2 0.6
0.3 1.0
ND
ND
0.2 0.6
0.2 0.4
239-240pu
aCi/m3 ±2a
ND
0.1 0.2
ND
0.1 0.3
0.2 0.3
ND
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.4
ND
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.3
ND
0.2 0.3
ND
ND
1.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.4
0.1 0.2
0.5 0.9
ND
ND
ND
0.4 0.4
ND
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.4
0.2 0.3
ND
0.1 0.2
ND
0.3 0.4
0.6 0.6
0.2 0.3
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.3
0.1 0.1
234U
aCi/m3 ±2a
9.9 1.7
6.3 1.4
8.0 1.2
30.3 4.1
29.4 3.8
5.7 1.1
20.1 3.0
31.9 4.3
8.1 1.7
21.9 3.2
13.5 1.9
11.2 1.8
3.3 1.0
8.7 1.6
16.6 2.3
11.5 1.8
19.9 2.6
26.1 3.8
13.2 2.2
15.8 4.0
19.9 3.0
10.8 1.7
10.5 1.9
16.2 2.5
10.3 1.9
12.4 1.7
19.6 3.1
16.2 2.7
14.5 2.5
10.9 2.0
6.3 1.4
19.4 2.5
53.6 6.3
17.6 2.3
37.9 3.9
5.7 1.2
14.5 2.2
235U
aCi/m3 ±2a
0.3 0.3
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
1.5 0.8
1.5 0.8
0.1 0.2
0.8 0.5
1.4 0.8
0.3 0.3
0.9 0.6
0.9 0.5
0.3 0.3
0.3 0.3
0.5 0.4
0.9 0.5
0.5 0.4
1.1 0.6
2.3 1.0
0.3 0.4
0.5 0.8
1.1 0.6
0.8 0.5
1.0 0.6
1.0 0.6
1.6 0.8
0.7 0.4
1.0 0.6
1.4 0.9
0.7 0.5
0.3 0.3
0.5 0.4
1.1 0.5
2.7 1.3
1.3 0.6
2.4 0.8
0.4 0.3
1.3 0.6
238u
aCi/m3 ±2a
10.4 1.8
5.4 1.2
8.6 1.2
28.1 3.9
25.1 3.5
4.1 1.0
15.5 2.6
28.2 4.0
7.5 1.7
21.2 3.2
12.0 1.8
11.4 1.8
2.6 0.9
10.1 1.7
15.4 2.2
10.2 1.7
21.0 2.7
28.7 4.0
13.9 2.3
10.2 3.1
23.0 3.3
10.4 1.7
13.1 2.1
18.8 2.7
13.3 2.3
12.0 1.7
16.0 2.7
14.5 2.7
14.2 2.5
10.5 1.9
6.3 1.4
18.0 2.4
38.7 5.2
16.1 2.2
34 . 7 3.7
5.0 1.1
14.8 2.3
17
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates
January-June 1995 Composites
Location
OH:Painesville
OH:Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harr i sburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:01ympia
WA : Spokane
WI : Madison
238pu
aCi/m3 ±2a
0.1 0.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.4 0.5
0.0 0.3
ND
0.2 0.4
0.1 0.3
0.2 0.5
0.9 0.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2 0.2
0.3 1.2
ND
239-240pu
aCi/m3 ±2a
0.1 0.3
0.5 0.7
ND
ND
0.1 0.1
ND
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
ND
0.3 0.2
ND
ND
0.8 1.2
0.3 0.7
ND
ND
0.1 0.1
ND
0.2 0.6
234U
aCi/m3 ±2a
9.8 1.8
34 . 5 5.1
17.9 2.4
9.9 1.7
9.2 1.2
23.2 2.7
8.8 1.2
21.2 1.7
12.1 1.7
13.2 2.5
16.2 2.6
11.0 1.9
59.9 7.7
19.6 2.3
184 12
19.7 3.2
4.6 0.8
20.0 3.4
14.8 2.0
235U
aCi/m3 ±2a
0.3 0.4
2.5 1.3
1.0 0.5
0.6 0.4
0.4 0.2
0.9 0.5
0.4 0.3
1.2 0.3
0.4 0.3
1.0 0.6
0.3 0.4
0.2 0.2
2.3 1.4
0.7 0.4
3.9 1.2
0.7 0.6
0.3 0.2
1.6 1.0
0.9 0.5
238U
aCi/m3 ±2a
10.7 1.9
34 . 8 5.1
20.7 2.6
8.0 1.5
10.3 1.2
19.5 2.5
10.9 1.4
22.0 1.8
11.7 1.7
16.5 2.8
16.0 2.5
9.7 1.8
51.9 7.0
18.4 2.2
9.8 2.0
21.2 3.3
3.6 0.7
17.1 3.1
13.8 1.9
Note: a = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.
18
-------
Table 10
Plutonium and Uranium Analyses
Selected Precipitation Composite Samples
January—June 1995
Location
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO : Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI : Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN: Welch
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY:Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA : Harr i sburg
SC:Barnwell
238 pu
pCi/L ±2<7
ND
0.009 0.017
0.005 0.010
ND
0.008 0.010
0.012 0.014
0.002 0.008
ND
ND
0.011 0.010
0.004 0.013
0.003 0.010
0.009 0.010
0.003 0.013
0.009 0.012
0.003 0.007
0.001 0.011
ND
0.001 0.010
ND
0.003 0.008
ND
0.013 0.024
0.006 0.011
ND
0.007 0.009
ND
0.006 0.039
0.001 0.017
0.005 0.008
ND
ND
0.000 0.009
0.017 0.014
0.005 0.009
ND
0.001 0.018
239-240pu
pCi/L ±2<7
0.004 0.006
0.005 0.007
0.000 0.004
ND
0.007 0.007
0.001 0.003
0.001 0.002
ND
0.001 0.003
ND
0.001 0.003
ND
ND
ND
0.001 0.004
ND
ND
0.002 0.003
0.003 0.005
ND
0.000 0.004
0.002 0.005
ND
0.000 0.001
0.002 0.004
0.000 0.001
0.001 0.003
0.031 0.027
0.001 0.005
0.000 0.001
ND
0.000 0.003
ND
ND
0.002 0.004
ND
0.006 0.008
234U
pCi/L ±2<7
0.014 0.010
0.027 0.014
0.013 0.008
0.022 0.017
0.014 0.009
0.013 0.008
0.013 0.009
0.036 0.021
ND
0.010 0.006
0.017 0.013
0.021 0.013
0.021 0.013
0.040 0.018
0.040 0.016
0.011 0.006
0.033 0.012
0.021 0.009
0.018 0.012
0.010 0.008
0.020 0.010
0.014 0.011
0.015 0.018
0.017 0.010
0.016 0.009
0.016 0.011
0.009 0.010
0.089 0.052
0.146 0.049
0.015 0.008
0.014 0.010
0.007 0.007
0.009 0.010
0.018 0.013
0.003 0.005
0.018 0.010
0.045 0.019
pCi/L ±2<7
0.004 0.008
0.011 0.008
0.003 0.004
0.006 0.009
0.002 0.003
0.001 0.004
0.000 0.002
0.006 0.008
0.002 0.003
0.001 0.003
0.013 0.013
0.012 0.010
0.003 0.004
0.007 0.009
0.004 0.005
0.003 0.003
0.005 0.005
0.002 0.003
ND
0.001 0.003
0.004 0.005
0.000 0.001
0.006 0.009
0.003 0.005
0.003 0.005
ND
ND
0.043 0.037
0.003 0.012
0.001 0.003
0.003 0.007
0.002 0.004
0.002 0.003
ND
0.002 0.003
0.001 0.003
0.007 0.012
pCi/L ±2<7
0.026 0.015
0.013 0.009
0.007 0.006
0.025 0.018
0.013 0.008
0.006 0.005
0 . 004 0 . 004
0.010 0.011
0.005 0.006
0.006 0.006
0.020 0.015
0.017 0.012
0.007 0.008
0.031 0.016
0.013 0.009
0.008 0.005
0.006 0.005
0.003 0.004
0.011 0.009
0.007 0.007
0.012 0.008
0.012 0.009
0.003 0.009
0.005 0.006
0.010 0.007
0.005 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.102 0.061
0.048 0.030
0.016 0.009
0.008 0.012
0.005 0.006
0.006 0.008
0.010 0.008
0.000 0.002
0.014 0.009
0.014 0.019
19
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Plutonium and Uranium Analyses
Selected Precipitation Composite Samples
January-June 1995
Location
SC: Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA: Olympia
WI: Madison
238 pu
pCi/L ±2<7
0.002 0.013
ND
0.006 0.011
ND
0.016 0.031
0.004 0.013
0.002 0.009
ND
ND
239-240pu
pCi/L ±2<7
0.001 0.004
ND
0.001 0.004
0.003 0.007
ND
ND
0.000 0.003
0.003 0.006
0.002 0.004
234U
pCi/L ±2<7
0.015 0.008
0.036 0.015
0.010 0.007
0.027 0.012
0.045 0.032
0.023 0.012
0.110 0.020
0.023 0.009
0.024 0.015
235U
pCi/L ±2<7
0.002 0.003
0.021 0.011
0.002 0.003
0.001 0.003
0.022 0.021
0.005 0.006
0.003 0.003
0.007 0.005
0.001 0.004
238u
pCi/L ±2<7
0.012 0.008
0.013 0.009
0.010 0.007
0.009 0.007
0.025 0.027
0.014 0.010
0.005 0.004
0.007 0.005
0.014 0.011
Note: a = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.
20
-------
2. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides data on ambient radiation levels in the nation's
rivers, streams, and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities
at 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and specific gamma
activity annually. Tritium is a primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and
weapons production activities. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine levels of
gamma emitting radionuclides.
Table 11 contains the tritium concentration data for April-June 1995.
21
-------
Table 11
Tritium in Surface Water
April June 1995
Location
AL:Decatur
AL:Decatur
AL : Gordon
AL: Scottsboro
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA:Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA : Eureka
CA:San Onofre
CO:Platteville
CT:East Haddam
CT:Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL:Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
IA : Cedar Rapids
IL:E. Moline
IL: Morris
IL:Zion
KS:Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA : Plymouth
MD : Conowingo
MD : Lusby
ME:Wiscasset
MI : Bridgman
MI : Charlevoix
MI : Monroe
MI: South Haven
MN:Monticello
MN:Red Wing
MN: Welch
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Southport
Source
Tennessee River
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Humboldt Bay
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Cedar River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Larson Lake
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Date
Collected
04/06/95
06/29/95
04/18/95
06/27/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/11/95
06/30/95
04/05/95
04/06/95
05/03/95
04/13/95
05/17/95
05/17/95
04/04/95
04/12/95
04/13/95
06/12/95
04/03/95
04/06/95
05/15/95
06/28/95
04/30/95
04/12/95
04/11/95
04/10/95
04/12/95
04/11/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/11/95
04/05/95
04/12/95
05/17/95
04/04/95
05/09/95
04/14/95
3H
nCi/L ±2a
0.2 0.1
0.4 0.4
0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1
0.4 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
0.6 0.2
22
-------
Table 11 (continued)
Tritium in Surface Water
April June 1995
Location
NE:Rulo
NJ:Bayside
NJ: Oyster Creek
NV: Boulder City
NY: Chelsea
NY : Croton-On-Hudson
NY: Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR:Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC : Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC:Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TN:Oak Ridge
TX:E1 Paso
TX:Matagorda
VA:Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT : Vernon
WA : Northport
WA:Richland
WI:Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheel ing
Source
Missouri River
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Colorado River
Hudson River
Hudson River
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Schuylkill R. - Belmont
Schuylkill R. - Queen
Delaware River
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Clinch River
Rio Grande
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
04/18/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/26/95
04/05/95
04/05/95
06/16/95
06/01/95
04/19/95
04/19/95
04/18/95
04/18/95
04/18/95
04/28/95
04/28/95
04/10/95
04/18/95
04/05/95
05/23/95
05/24/95
04/10/95
04/05/95
04/07/95
04/10/95
05/02/95
04/03/95
04/11/95
04/11/95
04/03/95
3H
nCi/L ±2a
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.3 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
1.8 0.2
0.2 0.1
4.0 0.2
0.4 0.1
0.4 0.2
0.7 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
4.0 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
Note: a = Counting Error.
23
-------
Drinking Water
This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data
serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set
forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations
provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/L, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed
15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do
not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.
Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or
selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta,
strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds
2 pCi/L and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) specific iodine-
131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for
plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demon-
strate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples. Gross
beta and alpha are determined by evaporating an aliquot on a stainless steel planchet for
counting. Radium-226 is determined by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is
determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
Table 12 contains the data from drinking water samples for April-June 1995.
24
-------
Table 12
Tritium in Drinking Water
April-June 1995
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AL : Dothan
AL : Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Scottsboro
AL: Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO : Denver
CO:Platteville
DE: Dover
FL : Miami
FL : Tampa
GA:Baxley
GA : Savannah
IA : Cedar Rapids
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL:W. Chicago
KS : Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD : Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MN : Minneapolis
MN:Red Wing
MS : Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
N J : Trenton
NJ:Waretown
Date
Collected
04/03/95
04/18/95
06/06/95
04/07/95
06/28/95
06/27/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/04/95
04/03/95
05/03/95
05/03/95
04/12/95
04/03/95
05/09/95
04/04/95
04/27/95
06/12/95
04/03/95
05/02/95
04/03/95
04/06/95
04/04/95
04/03/95
04/05/95
04/03/95
04/11/95
04/04/95
04/05/95
04/06/95
04/12/95
04/04/95
04/04/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
04/05/95
04/21/95
04/03/95
04/13/95
3H
nCi/L ±2a
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.3
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
25
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
April June 1995
Location
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH : Cincinnati
OH: East Liverpool
OH : Painesville
OR: Port land
PA: Columbia
PA:Harrisburg
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia - Queen
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA: Pittsburgh
PC:Corozal
RI : Providence
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC : Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN : Chattanooga
TX: Austin
VA:Doswell
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa City
WI : Madison
Date
Collected
04/26/95
04/03/95
04/03/95
04/03/95
04/19/95
06/06/95
04/07/95
04/05/95
04/03/95
04/13/95
04/25/95
04/18/95
04/18/95
04/18/95
04/07/95
04/05/95
04/17/95
04/13/95
04/04/95
04/07/95
04/17/95
04/03/95
04/03/95
06/09/95
04/04/95
04/19/95
04/03/95
04/03/95
04/11/95
04/03/95
r
nCi/L
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
[
±2cr
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
Note: a = Counting; Error.
26
-------
3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it
is consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the
biologically important radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear
activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative
to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at approximately 55 sampling sites with at least one lo-
cated in most states, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone. The samples are composited,
according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent
of the milk consumed in a given population center.
The samples are analyzed for gamma emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-
140, cesium-137, and potassium. All samples collected in July are analyzed for strontium-90.
Note: As of the first quarter of 1995, NAREL has discontinued regional
compositing of milk samples for strontium-90 analysis.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium are determined by gamma spectral
analysis. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has
been chemically separated by ion exchange.
Tables 13-15 contain the concentrations of radionuclides in pasteurized milk for April-
June 1995.
-------
Table 13
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
April 1995
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles
CA:San Francisco
CO : Denver
CT: Hart ford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY : Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV : Las Vegas
NY: Syracuse
OH : C inc innat i
OH: Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
Date
Collected
04/07/95
04/03/95
04/18/95
04/06/95
04/06/95
04/10/95
04/03/95
04/05/95
04/03/95
04/11/95
04/11/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/10/95
04/17/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/07/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/03/95
04/10/95
04/04/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/18/95
04/17/95
04/04/95
04/11/95
04/11/95
04/04/95
04/03/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/05/95
04/07/95
04/05/95
K
g/L ±2(7
1.57 0.08
1.64 0.08
1.63 0.12
1.68 0.08
1.64 0.08
1.68 0.07
1.59 0.08
1.57 0.08
1.68 0.08
1.53 0.07
1.84 0.09
1.66 0.06
1.61 0.08
1.56 0.08
1.63 0.08
1.59 0.08
1.52 0.14
1.67 0.11
1.45 0.14
1.59 0.08
1.68 0.08
1.48 0.14
1.55 0.11
1.60 0.09
1.59 0.11
1.68 0.09
1.64 0.09
1.63 0.08
1.60 0.08
1.63 0.08
1.64 0.06
1.62 0.07
1.60 0.12
1.66 0.05
1.59 0.06
1.60 0.08
1.54 0.12
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
8 2
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131 1
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
28
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
April 1995
Location
TN: Chattanooga
TN : Knoxville
TN : Memphis
TX:Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT:Montpelier
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
04/04/95
04/03/95
04/10/95
04/03/95
04/03/95
04/29/95
04/07/95
04/25/95
04/03/95
K
g/L ±2a
1.64 0.09
1.62 0.08
1.67 0.09
1.70 0.08
1.62 0.11
1.66 0.06
1.62 0.09
1.57 0.08
1.60 0.08
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting; Error. ND = Not Detectable.
29
-------
Table 14
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
May 1995
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA:Los Angeles
CA : Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO : Denver
DE : Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IN : Indianapolis
KY: Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND : Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV : Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH : C inc innat i
OH: Cleveland
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
TN: Chattanooga
TN:Knoxville
Date
Collected
05/04/95
05/01/95
05/15/95
05/24/95
05/03/95
05/08/95
05/22/95
05/01/95
05/08/95
05/23/95
05/08/95
05/09/95
05/01/95
05/12/95
05/05/95
05/10/95
05/08/95
05/12/95
05/30/95
05/10/95
05/10/95
05/02/95
05/10/95
05/01/95
05/15/95
05/04/95
05/01/95
05/03/95
05/30/95
05/04/95
05/01/95
05/08/95
05/08/95
05/11/95
05/10/95
05/31/95
05/01/95
K
g/L ±2(7
1.55 0.11
1.62 0.08
1.66 0.09
1.57 0.08
1.75 0.09
1.52 0.12
1.57 0.12
1.56 0.08
1.66 0.12
1.68 0.07
1.56 0.07
1.64 0.08
1.63 0.06
1.70 0.09
1.68 0.09
1.62 0.09
1.67 0.09
1.66 0.08
1.61 0.07
1.60 0.08
1.63 0.14
1.64 0.07
1.63 0.06
1.68 0.09
1.67 0.08
1.66 0.08
1.66 0.07
1.73 0.10
1.68 0.08
1.68 0.09
1.63 0.14
1.67 0.09
1.76 0.09
1.72 0.08
1.61 0.09
1.66 0.07
1.67 0.07
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131-j-
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
Table 14 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
May 1995
Location
TN : Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
05/10/95
05/05/95
05/09/95
05/23/95
05/02/95
05/01/95
K
g/L ±2a
1.66 0.07
1.65 0.07
1.66 0.08
1.70 0.09
1.62 0.06
1.61 0.09
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.
31
-------
Table 15
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
June 1995
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles
CA:San Francisco
CO : Denver
DE : Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY : Louisville
MA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND : Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV : Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
TN:Knoxville
Date
Collected
06/13/95
06/05/95
06/26/95
06/05/95
06/08/95
06/19/95
06/20/95
06/12/95
06/12/95
06/16/95
06/05/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/28/95
06/05/95
06/09/95
06/02/95
06/12/95
06/08/95
06/05/95
06/12/95
06/27/95
06/08/95
06/06/95
06/05/95
06/07/95
06/06/95
06/20/95
06/06/95
06/05/95
06/01/95
06/05/95
06/05/95
06/08/95
06/08/95
06/15/95
06/02/95
K
g/L ±2(7
1.57 0.12
1.56 0.14
1.73 0.08
1.52 0.11
1.54 0.10
1.49 0.06
1.64 0.08
1.64 0.09
1.62 0.11
1.59 0.12
1.57 0.14
1.48 0.11
1.67 0.09
1.60 0.08
1.77 0.09
1.60 0.11
1.64 0.06
1.71 0.04
1.73 0.09
1.64 0.08
1.73 0.08
1.63 0.10
1.58 0.06
1.59 0.08
1.61 0.08
1.70 0.09
1.55 0.08
1.62 0.06
1.64 0.08
1.75 0.09
1.62 0.06
1.59 0.08
1.59 0.08
1.60 0.08
1.61 0.06
1.66 0.08
1.61 0.14
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
5 2
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131-j-
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
32
-------
Table 15 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
June 1995
Location
TN : Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
06/20/95
06/12/95
06/12/95
06/28/95
06/16/95
06/05/95
06/01/95
06/05/95
K
g/L ±2a
1.62 0.12
1.66 0.09
1.61 0.09
1.47 0.14
1.55 0.08
1.79 0.09
1.56 0.06
1.67 0.06
137Cs
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
140Ba
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
131j
pCi/L ±2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note: a = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.
-------
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
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Office of the Director
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401 M Street, S.W.
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