&EPA
United State
EirviroiiwiU Protection
Agnncy
Health Risk and Exposure Assessment
for Ozone
Second External Review Draft

Chapter 6 Appendices

-------
                                    DISCLAIMER
       This draft document has been prepared by staff from the Risk and Benefits Group, Health
and Environmental Impacts Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Any findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This draft document is being circulated to
facilitate discussion with the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee to inform the EPA's
consideration of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

       This information is distributed for the purposes of pre-dissemination peer review under
applicable information quality guidelines.  It has not been formally disseminated by EPA.  It
does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.

       Questions related to this preliminary draft document should be addressed to Dr. Bryan
Hubbell, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
C539-07, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711  (email: hubbell.bryan@epa.gov).

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                                                  EPA-452/P-14-004d
                                                      February 2014
Health Risk and Exposure Assessment for Ozone
               Second External Review Draft
                   Chapter 6 Appendices
               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                    Office of Air and Radiation
             Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
             Health and Environmental Impacts Division
                    Risk and Benefits Group
             Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

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This page left intentionally blank

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4                       Appendix 6A
5
6   Probabilistic Population Exposure-Response Relationships
7
                             6A-1

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 9
10
11
12
13
This appendix shows the probabilistic exposure-response relationships for lung function
decrements associated with 8-hour 03 exposures occurring at moderate exertion. The 2.5*
percentile, median (50th percentile), and 97.5th percentile exposure-response functions for
changes in FEVi > 10%, > 15% and > 20% are shown in Figures 6A-1 through 6A-3, along with
the response data to which they were fit. The values of the function are provided in Table 6A-1.
14
15
16
17
18
19
          90%
          80% 4
          70%
                                                                         — -97.5th Pctl (FEV1>10%)
                                                                         	Median (FEV1>10%)
                                                                         	2.5th Pctl (FEV1>10%)
                                                                          » Data for FEV1>10%
                                                                          Functional form mix:
                                                                          90% logistic &
                                                                          10% linear
                    0.02
                           0.04    0.06    0.08     0.1    0.12    0.14
                               Ozone Exposure (ppm)
                                                                   0.16
Figure 6A-1. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEVI Decrement > 10%
for 8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with data
points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure concentration.
                                               6A-2

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20
21
22
23
           70%
           60%
           50%
            0%
                                                                         — -97.5th Pctl (FEV1>15%)

                                                                         	Median (FEV1>15%)

                                                                         	2.5th Pctl (FEV1>15%)

                                                                          «  Data for FEV1>15%
                                                                           Functional form mix:
                                                                           90% logistic &
                                                                           10% linear
                    0.02
                           0.04    0.06    0.08    0.1    0.12
                               Ozone Exposure (ppm)
                                                             0.14
                                                                    0.16
Figure 6A-2  Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement > 15%
for 8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with data
points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure concentration.
                                               6A-3

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24
70% -i 	
60% 4 	
50% 4 	 / 	
S^. /
£ 40% 4 	 ;•/ 	
CD /






02 s — -97.5th Pctl (FEV1>20%)
QJ f
C ^90 	 Median (FEV1>20%)
0 30% 4 	 •/- 	 •^k— = 	 2 5th Pet

(FEV1>20%)
^ 31. / » Data for FEV1>20%
»' / ^ 	
° | /•.»**
. I / Functional
' / / 90% logisti
10% | 	 -£- 	 ~j^ 	 10% linear
/yj.^
60 ^r-Sj£§t£*'*
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Ozone Exposure (ppm)



form mix:
c&






25 Figure 6A-3. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement > 20%
26 for 8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with data
27 points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure concentration.
28
29



30
                                        6A-4

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31
32
33
Table 6A-1. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEVi Decrement >
          10%, > 15%, and > 20% for 6.6-Hour Exposures at Moderate Exertion with
          Functional Mix of 90% Logistic and 10% Linear Form, Ages 18-35
03
(ppm)
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
0.075
0.08
0.085
0.09
0.095
0.1
0.105
0.11
0.115
0.12
0.125
0.13
0.135
0.14
0.145
0.15
0.155
0.16
^10%
2.5% median 97.5%
000
0 0.0008 0.0018
0 0.0019 0.0041
0 0.0035 0.0070
0 0.0056 0.0106
0 0.0084 0.0153
0 0.0123 0.0213
0 0.0176 0.0289
0.0095 0.0249 0.0389
0.0225 0.0362 0.0550
0.0325 0.0495 0.0848
0.0464 0.0665 0.1168
0.0653 0.0883 0.1492
0.0901 0.1160 0.1818
0.1213 0.1497 0.2146
0.1586 0.1905 0.2475
0.2010 0.2378 0.2835
0.2473 0.2894 0.3319
0.2951 0.3415 0.3907
0.3428 0.3948 0.4511
0.3825 0.4474 0.5079
0.4178 0.4961 0.5604
0.4496 0.5393 0.6089
0.4796 0.5756 0.6520
0.5080 0.6055 0.6921
0.5319 0.6292 0.7273
0.5517 0.6477 0.7557
0.5637 0.6639 0.7819
0.5715 0.6774 0.8026
0.5757 0.6893 0.8209
0.5786 0.6999 0.8356
0.5805 0.7084 0.8467
0.5819 0.7133 0.8603
^15%
2.5% median 97.5%
000
0 0.0001 0.0002
0 0.0002 0.0006
0 0.0004 0.0010
0 0.0007 0.0017
0 0.0011 0.0027
0 0.0018 0.0041
0 0.0029 0.0060
0 0.0045 0.0088
0 0.0070 0.0129
0 0.0109 0.0188
0 0.0167 0.0270
0.0152 0.0260 0.0393
0.0271 0.0404 0.0609
0.0427 0.0595 0.0906
0.0647 0.0860 0.1223
0.0934 0.1212 0.1577
0.1287 0.1642 0.2018
0.1700 0.2115 0.2590
0.2121 0.2614 0.3181
0.2479 0.3116 0.3747
0.2810 0.3560 0.4242
0.3099 0.3922 0.4656
0.3349 0.4199 0.4990
0.3569 0.4408 0.5242
0.3737 0.4567 0.5439
0.3838 0.4695 0.5581
0.3895 0.4789 0.5677
0.3920 0.4867 0.5784
0.3934 0.4912 0.5957
0.3945 0.4941 0.6166
0.3951 0.4959 0.6449
0.3955 0.4968 0.6749
^20%
2.5% median 97.5%
000
0 0 0.0001
0 0 0.0002
0 0.0001 0.0003
0 0.0001 0.0006
0 0.0002 0.0009
0 0.0003 0.0015
0 0.0006 0.0023
0 0.0011 0.0036
0 0.0019 0.0055
0 0.0033 0.0084
0 0.0060 0.0150
0.0052 0.0108 0.0383
0.0099 0.0180 0.0635
0.0180 0.0296 0.0887
0.0312 0.0476 0.1147
0.0508 0.0738 0.1404
0.0765 0.1083 0.1675
0.1069 0.1482 0.1981
0.1388 0.1879 0.2376
0.1703 0.2219 0.2762
0.1954 0.2493 0.3055
0.2134 0.2704 0.3277
0.2245 0.2853 0.3462
0.2299 0.2952 0.3650
0.2340 0.3012 0.3859
0.2362 0.3047 0.4082
0.2368 0.3068 0.4346
0.2373 0.3082 0.4603
0.2375 0.3089 0.4868
0.2378 0.3093 0.5138
0.2379 0.3096 0.5406
0.2379 0.3097 0.5668
34
35
                                           6A-5

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36
                                        6A-6

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1
2
3
                                    Appendix 6B
6          Lung Function Risk Estimates Based on the MSS Model
7
8
              Percents of study groups with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%    Pages B-2 to B-16
              Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%      Pages B-17 to B-31
                                         6B-1

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1
2
                                             Study area=Atlanta
4
5
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
10.05%
13.22%
15.85%
19.21%
30.77%
9.98%
13.13%
15.77%
18.99%
30.20%
7.03%
9.77%
9.09%
12.17%
11.00%
15.41%
13.36%
19.22%
22.62%
7.36%
9.29%
11.88%
14.94%
17.36%
9.84%
12.10%
14.86%
18.09%
20.59%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.66%
2.75%
3.80%
5.29%
11.72%
1.77%
2.72%
3.80%
5.18%
11.32%
0.90%
1.70%
1.51%
2.48%
2.09%
3.76%
2.97%
5.55%
7.22%
1.10%
1.66%
2.48%
3.69%
4.89%
1.56%
2.23%
3.25%
4.55%
5.73%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.47%
0.87%
1.36%
2.05%
5.76%
0.51%
0.90%
1.34%
2.09%
5.48%
0.20%
0.45%
0.36%
0.83%
0.61%
1.40%
1.03%
2.21%
3.15%
0.29%
0.49%
0.84%
1.34%
1.92%
0.40%
0.70%
1.11%
1.66%
2.24%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.66%
3.62%
4.52%
5.77%
10.76%
2.59%
3.60%
4.47%
5.73%
10.65%
1.85%
2.59%
2.44%
3.40%
3.01%
4.56%
3.81%
5.75%
7.00%
1.92%
2.50%
3.24%
4.12%
4.82%
2.47%
3.11%
3.98%
4.98%
5.84%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.32%
0.55%
0.84%
1.24%
2.92%
0.36%
0.57%
0.76%
1.13%
2.88%
0.23%
0.38%
0.34%
0.54%
0.45%
0.79%
0.64%
1.17%
1.55%
0.26%
0.37%
0.52%
0.73%
0.97%
0.32%
0.43%
0.61%
0.85%
1.11%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.07%
0.13%
0.19%
0.34%
1.22%
0.07%
0.14%
0.22%
0.34%
1.13%
0.05%
0.09%
0.08%
0.14%
0.12%
0.24%
0.19%
0.36%
0.52%
0.06%
0.09%
0.14%
0.23%
0.30%
0.06%
0.10%
0.18%
0.26%
0.36%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.61%
0.87%
1.16%
1.56%
3.57%
0.54%
0.81%
1.12%
1.51%
3.32%
0.41%
0.60%
0.56%
0.76%
0.68%
1.07%
0.87%
1.53%
1.97%
0.39%
0.52%
0.71%
1.00%
1.25%
0.52%
0.69%
1.00%
1.31%
1.58%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.06%
0.08%
0.15%
0.50%
0.01%
0.05%
0.08%
0.12%
0.47%
0.02%
0.04%
0.04%
0.07%
0.06%
0.10%
0.08%
0.17%
0.24%
0.02%
0.04%
0.05%
0.09%
0.13%
0.03%
0.04%
0.07%
0.11%
0.14%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.13%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.09%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.01%
0.03%
0.04%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
                                                    6B-2

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1
2
Study area=Baltimore
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
9.60%
12.75%
15.62%
18.62%
27.12%
9.61%
12.25%
14.52%
16.95%
23.30%
7.40%
7.92%
9.55%
9.83%
11.45%
11.95%
13.38%
13.85%
19.29%
6.74%
8.16%
9.71%
11.07%
14.55%
10.61%
13.00%
15.65%
18.09%
24.32%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.64%
2.82%
3.93%
5.16%
9.74%
1.64%
2.53%
3.42%
4.45%
7.76%
1.09%
1.24%
1.76%
1.87%
2.44%
2.62%
3.29%
3.50%
6.03%
0.84%
1.24%
1.78%
2.23%
3.81%
1.95%
2.78%
3.88%
4.99%
8.27%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.45%
0.86%
1.38%
2.05%
4.58%
0.43%
0.81%
1.18%
1.68%
3.42%
0.26%
0.32%
0.55%
0.59%
0.80%
0.88%
1.18%
1.27%
2.69%
0.17%
0.30%
0.45%
0.66%
1.36%
0.50%
0.92%
1.39%
1.97%
3.71%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.41%
3.29%
4.23%
5.27%
8.72%
2.18%
3.01%
3.77%
4.54%
6.74%
1.77%
1.93%
2.33%
2.43%
2.90%
3.05%
3.50%
3.65%
5.38%
1.63%
1.97%
2.37%
2.79%
3.75%
2.66%
3.40%
4.25%
5.17%
7.50%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.34%
0.52%
0.73%
1.03%
2.17%
0.29%
0.43%
0.59%
0.80%
1.53%
0.22%
0.25%
0.31%
0.32%
0.40%
0.45%
0.58%
0.62%
1.16%
0.22%
0.28%
0.35%
0.43%
0.67%
0.32%
0.47%
0.72%
0.95%
1.67%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.09%
0.15%
0.23%
0.34%
0.77%
0.08%
0.13%
0.18%
0.23%
0.51%
0.05%
0.06%
0.08%
0.09%
0.13%
0.14%
0.17%
0.19%
0.37%
0.06%
0.07%
0.10%
0.12%
0.21%
0.10%
0.15%
0.21%
0.31%
0.62%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.46%
0.70%
0.96%
1.27%
2.37%
0.47%
0.66%
0.87%
1.12%
1.90%
0.32%
0.35%
0.46%
0.47%
0.59%
0.62%
0.75%
0.81%
1.43%
0.31%
0.40%
0.51%
0.60%
0.86%
0.49%
0.68%
0.91%
1.17%
2.03%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.07%
0.10%
0.13%
0.32%
0.03%
0.04%
0.06%
0.08%
0.23%
0.02%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
0.05%
0.06%
0.07%
0.07%
0.14%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.05%
0.07%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.11%
0.25%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.08%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.06%
                                                  6B-2

-------
1
2
Study area=Boston
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
6.98%
8.99%
11.79%
13.63%
17.25%
8.88%
11.57%
15.17%
17.75%
21.88%
6.67%
7.67%
8.55%
10.25%
11.14%
12.90%
12.90%
14.95%
15.75%
7.38%
9.43%
11.18%
12.09%
12.39%
7.98%
10.39%
12.77%
14.39%
14.90%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.06%
1.75%
2.83%
3.71%
5.51%
1.70%
2.77%
4.42%
5.69%
7.82%
0.95%
1.29%
1.59%
2.20%
2.53%
3.20%
3.20%
4.26%
4.74%
1.36%
2.06%
2.83%
3.26%
3.41%
1.24%
2.05%
3.04%
3.68%
3.97%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.26%
0.47%
0.93%
1.39%
2.40%
0.45%
0.88%
1.67%
2.36%
3.77%
0.19%
0.29%
0.44%
0.68%
0.83%
1.16%
1.16%
1.72%
1.94%
0.37%
0.64%
1.04%
1.23%
1.29%
0.26%
0.58%
0.97%
1.38%
1.51%
FEV10
ages
19to35
1.73%
2.33%
3.06%
3.59%
4.76%
2.02%
2.78%
3.87%
4.65%
5.94%
1.73%
1.94%
2.20%
2.64%
2.84%
3.35%
3.35%
3.95%
4.13%
1.80%
2.28%
2.71%
2.87%
2.89%
1.94%
2.52%
3.18%
3.54%
3.66%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.21%
0.31%
0.55%
0.72%
1.05%
0.24%
0.41%
0.69%
0.97%
1.39%
0.21%
0.25%
0.30%
0.42%
0.48%
0.62%
0.62%
0.80%
0.86%
0.24%
0.33%
0.45%
0.53%
0.55%
0.23%
0.34%
0.50%
0.58%
0.60%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.05%
0.09%
0.15%
0.21%
0.35%
0.05%
0.09%
0.20%
0.28%
0.46%
0.04%
0.06%
0.07%
0.10%
0.12%
0.17%
0.17%
0.25%
0.28%
0.06%
0.10%
0.15%
0.17%
0.16%
0.05%
0.07%
0.12%
0.14%
0.15%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.36%
0.56%
0.83%
1.03%
1.42%
0.45%
0.69%
1.12%
1.40%
1.96%
0.37%
0.46%
0.55%
0.70%
0.76%
0.95%
0.95%
1.16%
1.27%
0.36%
0.53%
0.71%
0.80%
0.82%
0.42%
0.63%
0.84%
0.98%
1.03%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.02%
0.03%
0.06%
0.09%
0.17%
0.04%
0.06%
0.10%
0.15%
0.24%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
0.04%
0.05%
0.07%
0.07%
0.10%
0.12%
0.02%
0.03%
0.05%
0.05%
0.06%
0.03%
0.04%
0.06%
0.07%
0.08%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.04%
0.06%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
                                                  6B-4

-------
1
2
Study area=Chicago
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
8.23%
10.45%
12.54%
14.39%
14.55%
10.75%
13.86%
16.95%
19.68%
20.14%
7.07%
8.25%
8.69%
9.85%
10.14%
11.14%
11.17%
11.05%
11.05%
8.16%
9.86%
11.31%
11.30%
11.30%
10.83%
13.19%
15.34%
15.60%
15.60%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.47%
2.20%
3.03%
3.94%
4.15%
2.17%
3.39%
4.72%
6.16%
6.48%
1.01%
1.34%
1. 46%
1.85%
1.95%
2.40%
2.41%
2.43%
2.43%
1.45%
2.04%
2.74%
2.79%
2.79%
2.11%
3.13%
4.16%
4.41%
4.41%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.42%
0.72%
1.13%
1.57%
1.65%
0.64%
1.19%
1.81%
2.61%
2.81%
0.24%
0.33%
0.36%
0.51%
0.54%
0.78%
0.80%
0.81%
0.81%
0.42%
0.63%
0.89%
0.92%
0.92%
0.60%
1.02%
1.46%
1.64%
1.64%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.21%
2.79%
3.35%
3.75%
3.71%
2.76%
3.73%
4.67%
5.49%
5.55%
1.89%
2.18%
2.30%
2.56%
2.62%
2.78%
2.76%
2.65%
2.65%
2.31%
2.79%
3.09%
2.91%
2.91%
3.13%
3.83%
4.39%
4.25%
4.25%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.31%
0.47%
0.59%
0.75%
0.75%
0.40%
0.65%
0.90%
1.14%
1.18%
0.22%
0.25%
0.28%
0.33%
0.35%
0.39%
0.38%
0.37%
0.37%
0.34%
0.42%
0.52%
0.51%
0.51%
0.51%
0.71%
0.88%
0.88%
0.88%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.08%
0.11%
0.18%
0.23%
0.22%
0.12%
0.19%
0.27%
0.40%
0.41%
0.06%
0.08%
0.09%
0.10%
0.11%
0.11%
0.11%
0.11%
0.11%
0.09%
0.13%
0.15%
0.14%
0.14%
0.15%
0.20%
0.26%
0.25%
0.25%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.45%
0.62%
0.79%
0.96%
0.96%
0.61%
0.94%
1.24%
1.59%
1.64%
0.35%
0.42%
0.47%
0.56%
0.58%
0.66%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.46%
0.59%
0.70%
0.67%
0.67%
0.66%
0.88%
1.09%
1.07%
1.07%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.05%
0.08%
0.11%
0.11%
0.03%
0.07%
0.10%
0.15%
0.16%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.04%
0.04%
0.04%
0.04%
0.04%
0.04%
0.03%
0.04%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.09%
0.09%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
                                                  6B-5

-------
1
2
Study area=Cleveland
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
4.40%
7.68%
10.55%
13.45%
17.33%
5.42%
9.95%
13.59%
17.02%
21.65%
4.79%
4.79%
8.54%
7.50%
11.58%
10.88%
14.50%
14.10%
18.32%
4.31%
6.15%
8.45%
10.58%
12.83%
5.11%
7.79%
11.10%
14.31%
18.49%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
0.45%
1.28%
2.15%
3.26%
5.16%
0.68%
1.84%
3.19%
4.61%
7.09%
0.48%
0.48%
1.37%
1.12%
2.40%
2.10%
3.74%
3.55%
5.53%
0.56%
1.00%
1.58%
2.31%
3.27%
0.48%
1.04%
2.07%
3.32%
5.13%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.06%
0.30%
0.66%
1.17%
2.12%
0.17%
0.58%
1.10%
1.84%
3.19%
0.07%
0.07%
0.38%
0.25%
0.79%
0.69%
1.34%
1.27%
2.25%
0.09%
0.24%
0.49%
0.78%
1.21%
0.09%
0.23%
0.57%
1.07%
2.08%
FEV10
ages
19to35
1.16%
2.15%
3.05%
4.03%
5.57%
1.23%
2.49%
3.69%
5.02%
6.78%
1.19%
1.19%
2.18%
1.88%
3.09%
2.86%
4.08%
3.95%
5.38%
1.14%
1.57%
2.21%
2.90%
3.55%
1.28%
2.00%
3.00%
4.13%
5.44%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.10%
0.29%
0.49%
0.78%
1.23%
0.12%
0.31%
0.53%
0.91%
1.50%
0.12%
0.12%
0.28%
0.22%
0.50%
0.44%
0.74%
0.69%
1.13%
0.10%
0.20%
0.33%
0.49%
0.66%
0.11%
0.23%
0.43%
0.68%
1.15%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.01%
0.04%
0.11%
0.20%
0.40%
0.02%
0.09%
0.16%
0.28%
0.51%
0.03%
0.03%
0.07%
0.05%
0.12%
0.11%
0.20%
0.18%
0.34%
0.01%
0.03%
0.06%
0.12%
0.19%
0.01%
0.04%
0.11%
0.18%
0.34%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.25%
0.50%
0.73%
0.99%
1.47%
0.27%
0.55%
0.92%
1.32%
2.07%
0.24%
0.24%
0.52%
0.42%
0.77%
0.70%
1.08%
1.03%
1.54%
0.20%
0.31%
0.50%
0.69%
0.88%
0.24%
0.44%
0.69%
1.01%
1.47%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.01%
0.03%
0.07%
0.11%
0.19%
0.01%
0.04%
0.09%
0.15%
0.24%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.02%
0.05%
0.04%
0.10%
0.09%
0.16%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.01%
0.02%
0.05%
0.08%
0.14%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.05%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.02%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
                                                   6B-6

-------
1
2
Study area=Dallas
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
12.69%
15.63%
18.94%
21.60%
29.97%
8.72%
10.83%
13.22%
15.13%
21.44%
8.45%
8.45%
10.48%
10.48%
12.69%
12.69%
14.39%
14.90%
19.64%
9.55%
11.84%
14.38%
17.00%
23.14%
8.44%
10.23%
12.36%
14.56%
19.18%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
2.60%
3.76%
5.11%
6.39%
10.90%
1.51%
2.20%
3.10%
3.91%
7.21%
1.31%
1.31%
1.92%
1.92%
2.69%
2.69%
3.46%
3.64%
6.01%
1.77%
2.53%
3.48%
4.64%
7.85%
1.31%
1.88%
2.61%
3.52%
5.82%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.86%
1.38%
2.01%
2.68%
5.33%
0.42%
0.70%
1.10%
1.54%
3.28%
0.31%
0.31%
0.55%
0.55%
0.86%
0.86%
1.17%
1.26%
2.52%
0.48%
0.84%
1.30%
1.89%
3.58%
0.34%
0.58%
0.89%
1.23%
2.44%
FEV10
ages
19to35
3.43%
4.44%
5.73%
6.93%
10.54%
2.16%
2.79%
3.53%
4.17%
6.43%
2.16%
2.16%
2.69%
2.69%
3.37%
3.37%
3.97%
4.14%
5.85%
2.40%
3.13%
3.98%
5.01%
7.32%
2.13%
2.71%
3.39%
4.10%
5.50%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.45%
0.66%
0.96%
1.28%
2.69%
0.27%
0.37%
0.54%
0.68%
1.48%
0.27%
0.27%
0.37%
0.37%
0.49%
0.49%
0.64%
0.67%
1.16%
0.33%
0.45%
0.67%
0.90%
1.61%
0.25%
0.36%
0.49%
0.67%
1.13%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.10%
0.18%
0.29%
0.41%
0.92%
0.06%
0.09%
0.14%
0.19%
0.50%
0.04%
0.04%
0.08%
0.08%
0.13%
0.13%
0.19%
0.20%
0.39%
0.08%
0.13%
0.19%
0.28%
0.60%
0.05%
0.07%
0.11%
0.17%
0.38%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.89%
1.20%
1.64%
2.03%
3.59%
0.50%
0.68%
0.88%
1.09%
1.92%
0.51%
0.51%
0.66%
0.66%
0.85%
0.85%
1.02%
1.08%
1.64%
0.56%
0.77%
1.02%
1.39%
2.21%
0.47%
0.65%
0.82%
1.05%
1.63%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.06%
0.10%
0.15%
0.22%
0.48%
0.03%
0.05%
0.08%
0.11%
0.25%
0.02%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
0.06%
0.06%
0.07%
0.08%
0.17%
0.03%
0.05%
0.09%
0.12%
0.27%
0.02%
0.05%
0.07%
0.11%
0.18%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.03%
0.05%
0.12%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.06%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.04%
                                                   6B-7

-------
1
2
Study area=Denver
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
12.47%
15.13%
17.78%
20.23%
24.08%
11.41%
13.77%
16.12%
18.24%
21.33%
12.04%
12.04%
14.72%
17.60%
17.42%
20.46%
19.77%
22.50%
23.00%
9.52%
13.48%
15.45%
16.90%
17.25%
10.64%
15.12%
17.54%
19.34%
19.83%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
2.31%
3.32%
4.49%
5.64%
7.75%
1.96%
2.83%
3.68%
4.57%
6.31%
2.14%
2.14%
3.05%
4.04%
3.97%
5.31%
4.96%
6.46%
6.78%
1.52%
2.75%
3.58%
4.35%
4.55%
1.73%
3.19%
4.11%
5.01%
5.31%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.72%
1.11%
1.63%
2.21%
3.46%
0.57%
0.88%
1.30%
1.75%
2.57%
0.62%
0.62%
0.97%
1.42%
1.39%
2.09%
1.94%
2.61%
2.79%
0.37%
0.88%
1.25%
1.58%
1.71%
0.41%
1.04%
1.49%
1.95%
2.12%
FEV10
ages
19to35
3.77%
4.80%
5.74%
6.68%
8.12%
3.40%
4.22%
4.95%
5.67%
6.68%
3.79%
3.79%
4.77%
5.82%
5.76%
7.01%
6.71%
7.77%
7.94%
2.87%
4.23%
4.89%
5.23%
5.36%
3.18%
4.71%
5.58%
6.14%
6.25%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.54%
0.78%
1.04%
1.30%
1.93%
0.47%
0.67%
0.82%
1.04%
1.34%
0.53%
0.53%
0.74%
0.96%
0.93%
1.30%
1.22%
1.55%
1.64%
0.36%
0.65%
0.79%
0.90%
0.94%
0.42%
0.72%
0.99%
1.16%
1.23%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.12%
0.17%
0.29%
0.40%
0.66%
0.10%
0.14%
0.21%
0.30%
0.42%
0.12%
0.12%
0.18%
0.30%
0.29%
0.42%
0.39%
0.51%
0.52%
0.09%
0.16%
0.20%
0.24%
0.26%
0.10%
0.21%
0.28%
0.34%
0.37%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.96%
1.30%
1.60%
1.92%
2.53%
0.82%
1.05%
1.28%
1.53%
1.90%
0.94%
0.94%
1.22%
1.55%
1.53%
1.91%
1.81%
2.19%
2.26%
0.68%
1.07%
1.28%
1.43%
1.45%
0.73%
1.15%
1.43%
1.65%
1.72%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.07%
0.10%
0.16%
0.22%
0.38%
0.05%
0.09%
0.12%
0.16%
0.25%
0.05%
0.05%
0.09%
0.14%
0.13%
0.20%
0.19%
0.25%
0.26%
0.03%
0.07%
0.10%
0.13%
0.13%
0.05%
0.11%
0.13%
0.17%
0.17%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.03%
0.05%
0.09%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.05%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.04%
0.03%
0.05%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
                                                 6B-8

-------
1
2
Study area=Detroit
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
7.49%
9.57%
11.37%
13.64%
17.53%
9.07%
12.04%
14.54%
17.79%
23.67%
7.05%
8.44%
8.89%
11.07%
10.46%
13.70%
12.68%
15.80%
15.80%
7.31%
9.49%
11.50%
13.11%
13.11%
9.24%
12.12%
14.67%
17.12%
17.12%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.16%
1.86%
2.52%
3.51%
5.40%
1.54%
2.63%
3.58%
5.08%
8.42%
0.96%
1.38%
1.52%
2.34%
2.12%
3.40%
2.98%
4.44%
4.44%
1.18%
1.92%
2.65%
3.49%
3.49%
1.48%
2.48%
3.53%
4.77%
4.77%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.28%
0.51%
0.81%
1.28%
2.33%
0.42%
0.79%
1.24%
2.07%
3.88%
0.20%
0.35%
0.40%
0.70%
0.59%
1.21%
0.99%
1.78%
1.78%
0.28%
0.57%
0.94%
1.39%
1.39%
0.37%
0.73%
1.20%
1.80%
1.80%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.03%
2.66%
3.21%
3.98%
5.21%
2.06%
2.88%
3.68%
4.83%
7.01%
1.81%
2.20%
2.35%
2.97%
2.79%
3.74%
3.43%
4.22%
4.22%
2.02%
2.66%
3.33%
3.62%
3.62%
2.44%
3.28%
4.06%
4.71%
4.71%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.28%
0.42%
0.54%
0.77%
1.19%
0.29%
0.44%
0.63%
0.94%
1.65%
0.22%
0.31%
0.34%
0.48%
0.43%
0.67%
0.60%
0.86%
0.86%
0.27%
0.43%
0.58%
0.70%
0.70%
0.34%
0.55%
0.76%
0.98%
0.98%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.06%
0.11%
0.16%
0.25%
0.41%
0.06%
0.12%
0.19%
0.28%
0.54%
0.05%
0.06%
0.08%
0.13%
0.12%
0.20%
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%
0.06%
0.10%
0.16%
0.20%
0.20%
0.10%
0.15%
0.25%
0.34%
0.34%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.47%
0.63%
0.79%
1.00%
1.38%
0.47%
0.71%
0.95%
1.31%
2.15%
0.41%
0.50%
0.53%
0.68%
0.63%
0.95%
0.83%
1.14%
1.14%
0.43%
0.61%
0.81%
0.90%
0.90%
0.54%
0.77%
1.05%
1.24%
1.24%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.02%
0.05%
0.07%
0.10%
0.18%
0.03%
0.06%
0.09%
0.13%
0.26%
0.03%
0.04%
0.05%
0.07%
0.06%
0.09%
0.08%
0.13%
0.13%
0.03%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.09%
0.03%
0.06%
0.11%
0.14%
0.14%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.06%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.00%
0.02%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
                                                    6B-9

-------
1
2
Study area=Houston
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
8.88%
11.63%
13.82%
16.15%
26.83%
7.40%
9.29%
10.74%
12.31%
19.86%
7.53%
9.14%
9.35%
11.68%
10.61%
13.97%
11.91%
16.18%
18.24%
9.29%
12.02%
14.29%
16.61%
19.11%
9.42%
12.21%
14.54%
16.75%
19.23%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.29%
2.27%
3.21%
4.20%
10.40%
0.91%
1.48%
2.02%
2.63%
6.61%
0.94%
1.32%
1.39%
2.32%
1.89%
3.25%
2.41%
4.30%
5.58%
1.50%
2.65%
3.78%
4.99%
6.59%
1.48%
2.46%
3.50%
4.63%
6.09%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.29%
0.73%
1.12%
1.58%
5.22%
0.22%
0.38%
0.60%
0.83%
2.85%
0.19%
0.33%
0.35%
0.70%
0.52%
1.09%
0.73%
1.62%
2.30%
0.40%
0.89%
1.44%
2.06%
3.10%
0.37%
0.76%
1.21%
1.76%
2.64%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.55%
3.29%
3.92%
4.63%
8.54%
2.20%
2.72%
3.14%
3.61%
5.94%
2.23%
2.68%
2.75%
3.51%
3.17%
4.24%
3.56%
4.99%
5.49%
2.72%
3.52%
4.23%
4.96%
5.41%
2.86%
3.60%
4.32%
4.98%
5.53%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.28%
0.41%
0.57%
0.77%
2.21%
0.22%
0.31%
0.40%
0.50%
1.30%
0.24%
0.33%
0.34%
0.49%
0.42%
0.67%
0.51%
0.87%
1.07%
0.37%
0.57%
0.76%
1.03%
1.30%
0.35%
0.50%
0.66%
0.87%
1.14%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.04%
0.08%
0.11%
0.19%
0.76%
0.04%
0.07%
0.10%
0.14%
0.42%
0.05%
0.07%
0.07%
0.11%
0.09%
0.19%
0.12%
0.25%
0.34%
0.09%
0.12%
0.20%
0.30%
0.44%
0.06%
0.11%
0.17%
0.24%
0.32%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.50%
0.70%
0.89%
1.15%
2.74%
0.46%
0.57%
0.67%
0.79%
1.57%
0.51%
0.62%
0.64%
0.86%
0.76%
1.06%
0.89%
1.30%
1.49%
0.58%
0.83%
1.08%
1.31%
1.55%
0.59%
0.76%
0.97%
1.18%
1.44%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.35%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.06%
0.17%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.05%
0.04%
0.07%
0.05%
0.10%
0.16%
0.03%
0.07%
0.10%
0.16%
0.22%
0.04%
0.06%
0.08%
0.10%
0.15%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.06%
0.00%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.03%
                                                 6B-10

-------
1
2
Study area=LosAngeles
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
11.20%
13.55%
15.69%
18.15%
28.03%
10.92%
13.12%
15.08%
17.45%
25.15%
11.60%
11.87%
14.03%
14.29%
16.25%
16.57%
18.60%
18.70%
27.62%
11.92%
14.25%
16.48%
18.55%
25.91%
10.23%
12.33%
14.33%
16.26%
19.70%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.70%
2.41%
3.21%
4.22%
11.04%
1.60%
2.29%
3.06%
3.99%
9.32%
1.85%
1.94%
2.56%
2.66%
3.34%
3.48%
4.34%
4.39%
10.51%
1.79%
2.55%
3.39%
4.24%
9.38%
1.47%
2.07%
2.76%
3.52%
6.34%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.37%
0.70%
1.06%
1.49%
5.60%
0.37%
0.64%
0.96%
1.40%
4.52%
0.46%
0.48%
0.74%
0.76%
1.06%
1.12%
1.52%
1.54%
5.26%
0.47%
0.74%
1.06%
1.44%
4.53%
0.34%
0.58%
0.89%
1.18%
2.84%
FEV10
ages
19to35
4.95%
6.11%
7.31%
8.56%
12.69%
4.89%
5.99%
7.03%
8.31%
11.00%
5.10%
5.20%
6.26%
6.40%
7.49%
7.70%
8.91%
8.95%
12.88%
5.27%
6.40%
7.57%
8.75%
11.51%
4.78%
5.77%
6.91%
8.04%
8.34%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.59%
0.83%
1.14%
1.50%
3.46%
0.60%
0.85%
1.10%
1.41%
2.80%
0.63%
0.65%
0.88%
0.91%
1.18%
1.25%
1.60%
1.61%
3.40%
0.65%
0.94%
1.26%
1.60%
2.89%
0.59%
0.84%
1.11%
1.38%
1.76%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.15%
0.24%
0.33%
0.43%
1.39%
0.12%
0.20%
0.30%
0.44%
1.05%
0.14%
0.15%
0.21%
0.23%
0.31%
0.32%
0.46%
0.46%
1.31%
0.15%
0.25%
0.34%
0.48%
1.06%
0.13%
0.21%
0.29%
0.42%
0.58%
FEV10
ages
36to55
1.02%
1.32%
1.65%
2.06%
4.12%
0.97%
1.29%
1.63%
2.03%
3.40%
1.08%
1.11%
1.41%
1.45%
1.79%
1.84%
2.23%
2.25%
4.08%
1.12%
1.47%
1.82%
2.21%
3.56%
0.93%
1.25%
1.65%
1.98%
2.41%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.05%
0.08%
0.12%
0.19%
0.76%
0.05%
0.08%
0.10%
0.15%
0.52%
0.06%
0.06%
0.09%
0.10%
0.13%
0.14%
0.21%
0.21%
0.69%
0.06%
0.10%
0.13%
0.18%
0.61%
0.06%
0.09%
0.12%
0.14%
0.35%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.04%
0.25%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.16%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.04%
0.04%
0.18%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.05%
0.16%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
0.07%
                                                  6B-11

-------
1
2
Study area=NewYork
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
2.43%
9.25%
12.72%
23.21%
2.88%
10.62%
14.16%
23.68%
2.58%
3.85%
9.42%
11.69%
12.74%
16.38%
21.41%
3.31%
8.44%
11.41%
13.83%
4.36%
13.62%
18.63%
23.60%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
0.16%
1.85%
3.20%
8.56%
0.26%
2.13%
3.46%
8.52%
0.19%
0.37%
1.85%
2.60%
2.95%
4.56%
7.49%
0.33%
1.58%
2.69%
3.79%
0.49%
3.01%
5.22%
7.86%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.03%
0.58%
1.17%
4.09%
0.06%
0.58%
1.18%
3.92%
0.05%
0.07%
0.53%
0.94%
1.14%
1.88%
3.26%
0.06%
0.43%
0.84%
1.47%
0.11%
1.06%
2.08%
3.53%
FEV10
ages
19to35
0.66%
2.31%
3.20%
6.63%
0.80%
2.73%
3.79%
6.99%
0.68%
1.03%
2.53%
3.17%
3.44%
4.55%
6.18%
0.93%
2.19%
3.01%
3.53%
1.20%
3.59%
5.19%
6.81%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.06%
0.29%
0.49%
1.63%
0.08%
0.37%
0.60%
1.69%
0.06%
0.11%
0.38%
0.52%
0.59%
0.90%
1.51%
0.08%
0.31%
0.48%
0.63%
0.12%
0.57%
1.03%
1.60%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.01%
0.07%
0.14%
0.62%
0.01%
0.08%
0.15%
0.57%
0.01%
0.02%
0.09%
0.15%
0.18%
0.31%
0.55%
0.02%
0.06%
0.14%
0.20%
0.02%
0.14%
0.30%
0.53%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.12%
0.51%
0.78%
2.05%
0.15%
0.61%
0.88%
2.05%
0.12%
0.20%
0.59%
0.77%
0.85%
1.22%
1.81%
0.17%
0.51%
0.75%
0.94%
0.24%
0.91%
1.45%
2.10%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.03%
0.06%
0.25%
0.01%
0.04%
0.06%
0.24%
0.01%
0.01%
0.05%
0.06%
0.06%
0.12%
0.23%
0.01%
0.03%
0.07%
0.10%
0.01%
0.07%
0.12%
0.24%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.06%
0.00%
0.02%
0.02%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.00%
0.01%
0.03%
0.05%
4
5
                                                6B-12

-------
1
2
Study area=Philadelphia
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
9.21%
11.46%
13.90%
16.35%
25.08%
10.39%
12.82%
15.69%
18.41%
27.22%
8.19%
10.17%
10.17%
12.60%
12.60%
15.57%
14.90%
18.64%
23.84%
7.60%
9.04%
10.75%
12.51%
15.31%
11.26%
13.74%
16.88%
19.76%
24.84%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.51%
2.15%
3.14%
4.23%
8.82%
1.82%
2.70%
3.89%
5.17%
10.21%
1.22%
1.84%
1.84%
2.75%
2.75%
4.01%
3.72%
5.38%
8.19%
0.99%
1. 44%
2.01%
2.73%
4.06%
1.99%
2.92%
4.16%
5.51%
8.23%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.35%
0.62%
1.06%
1.59%
4.09%
0.46%
0.84%
1.40%
2.03%
4.97%
0.24%
0.48%
0.48%
0.88%
0.88%
1.50%
1.36%
2.23%
3.78%
0.21%
0.34%
0.57%
0.86%
1.54%
0.55%
0.95%
1.50%
2.24%
3.70%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.19%
2.80%
3.50%
4.40%
7.70%
2.52%
3.24%
4.20%
5.13%
8.76%
1.92%
2.41%
2.41%
3.14%
3.14%
4.15%
3.96%
5.27%
7.30%
1.82%
2.19%
2.73%
3.25%
4.03%
2.65%
3.43%
4.46%
5.59%
7.45%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.24%
0.36%
0.50%
0.71%
1.77%
0.29%
0.44%
0.67%
0.86%
2.22%
0.21%
0.30%
0.30%
0.44%
0.44%
0.70%
0.64%
0.99%
1.64%
0.20%
0.26%
0.35%
0.48%
0.69%
0.31%
0.45%
0.73%
1.04%
1.63%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.05%
0.08%
0.12%
0.20%
0.57%
0.05%
0.11%
0.17%
0.27%
0.79%
0.04%
0.05%
0.05%
0.12%
0.12%
0.19%
0.17%
0.29%
0.56%
0.03%
0.05%
0.08%
0.12%
0.19%
0.04%
0.10%
0.18%
0.29%
0.57%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.49%
0.66%
0.92%
1.17%
2.48%
0.58%
0.78%
1.08%
1.41%
2.88%
0.46%
0.60%
0.60%
0.80%
0.80%
1.12%
1.04%
1.52%
2.25%
0.40%
0.51%
0.63%
0.78%
1.03%
0.65%
0.89%
1.20%
1.61%
2.37%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.02%
0.03%
0.05%
0.07%
0.26%
0.03%
0.05%
0.09%
0.12%
0.38%
0.02%
0.04%
0.04%
0.06%
0.06%
0.10%
0.10%
0.16%
0.31%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
0.06%
0.10%
0.04%
0.06%
0.11%
0.15%
0.29%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.06%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.03%
0.10%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.03%
0.07%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.07%
                                                    6B-13

-------
1
2
Study area=Sacramento
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
9.76%
12.85%
15.25%
17.92%
29.22%
7.39%
9.59%
11.20%
13.04%
21.38%
9.41%
9.41%
12.30%
11.97%
14.43%
14.09%
16.79%
16.43%
27.44%
8.61%
10.98%
13.02%
15.38%
25.55%
6.56%
8.30%
9.81%
11.50%
19.22%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.64%
2.72%
3.63%
4.75%
10.91%
0.97%
1.62%
2.17%
2.87%
6.95%
1.61%
1.61%
2.65%
2.49%
3.44%
3.33%
4.45%
4.29%
10.39%
1.37%
2.15%
2.88%
3.81%
8.97%
0.77%
1.29%
1.75%
2.35%
5.96%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.42%
0.83%
1.28%
1.77%
5.23%
0.25%
0.48%
0.69%
0.96%
3.03%
0.49%
0.49%
0.86%
0.81%
1.22%
1.16%
1.77%
1.67%
4.96%
0.36%
0.68%
1.01%
1.41%
4.30%
0.19%
0.36%
0.53%
0.77%
2.54%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.40%
3.45%
4.20%
5.15%
9.95%
1.80%
2.35%
2.78%
3.35%
6.22%
2.38%
2.38%
3.26%
3.15%
3.99%
3.87%
4.85%
4.75%
9.51%
2.18%
2.87%
3.56%
4.33%
8.32%
1.66%
2.10%
2.47%
3.02%
5.44%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.25%
0.40%
0.59%
0.85%
2.51%
0.14%
0.23%
0.30%
0.46%
1.35%
0.25%
0.25%
0.43%
0.40%
0.60%
0.57%
0.86%
0.82%
2.27%
0.23%
0.38%
0.52%
0.75%
2.14%
0.13%
0.18%
0.24%
0.33%
1.02%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.03%
0.10%
0.14%
0.21%
0.91%
0.02%
0.03%
0.07%
0.10%
0.41%
0.06%
0.06%
0.11%
0.10%
0.14%
0.13%
0.20%
0.19%
0.86%
0.04%
0.09%
0.13%
0.19%
0.78%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
0.07%
0.26%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.50%
0.78%
1.03%
1.31%
3.07%
0.37%
0.49%
0.61%
0.77%
1.76%
0.49%
0.49%
0.72%
0.69%
0.92%
0.87%
1.21%
1.16%
2.92%
0.43%
0.61%
0.80%
1.04%
2.44%
0.32%
0.42%
0.54%
0.68%
1.50%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.06%
0.07%
0.12%
0.52%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
0.07%
0.22%
0.02%
0.02%
0.05%
0.05%
0.09%
0.07%
0.13%
0.12%
0.48%
0.03%
0.05%
0.07%
0.10%
0.36%
0.02%
0.02%
0.04%
0.05%
0.17%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.12%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.13%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.04%
                                                 6B-14

-------
1
2
Study area=StLouis
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
8.82%
11.80%
15.20%
18.64%
24.21%
10.00%
13.43%
17.08%
20.80%
27.07%
5.72%
8.23%
7.62%
10.82%
9.61%
13.20%
11.73%
14.64%
15.08%
7.25%
9.64%
11.72%
13.39%
13.86%
9.91%
13.17%
16.14%
18.44%
19.07%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.39%
2.38%
3.65%
5.11%
8.11%
1.92%
3.16%
4.66%
6.44%
9.70%
0.69%
1.31%
1.14%
2.08%
1.67%
2.96%
2.46%
3.57%
3.80%
1.11%
1.81%
2.62%
3.29%
3.53%
1.79%
3.01%
4.19%
5.26%
5.59%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.32%
0.71%
1.25%
2.00%
3.58%
0.53%
1.06%
1.82%
2.77%
4.64%
0.12%
0.31%
0.24%
0.65%
0.49%
1.04%
0.78%
1.29%
1.41%
0.27%
0.54%
0.88%
1.19%
1.32%
0.51%
0.99%
1.54%
2.09%
2.27%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.33%
3.26%
4.43%
5.73%
7.99%
2.53%
3.71%
5.13%
6.69%
9.20%
1.56%
2.22%
2.02%
3.04%
2.69%
3.79%
3.34%
4.26%
4.38%
1.91%
2.58%
3.29%
3.76%
3.89%
2.75%
3.92%
4.95%
5.68%
5.94%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.29%
0.49%
0.74%
1.12%
1.87%
0.31%
0.54%
0.90%
1.36%
2.30%
0.18%
0.27%
0.24%
0.42%
0.34%
0.60%
0.49%
0.71%
0.76%
0.20%
0.34%
0.47%
0.61%
0.65%
0.41%
0.66%
0.94%
1.18%
1.27%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.07%
0.13%
0.22%
0.36%
0.64%
0.07%
0.13%
0.25%
0.43%
0.83%
0.04%
0.08%
0.06%
0.13%
0.10%
0.17%
0.14%
0.19%
0.20%
0.05%
0.08%
0.13%
0.18%
0.22%
0.10%
0.18%
0.29%
0.39%
0.44%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.49%
0.75%
1.08%
1.49%
2.35%
0.57%
0.84%
1.28%
1.78%
2.79%
0.31%
0.49%
0.45%
0.69%
0.60%
0.91%
0.77%
1.07%
1.12%
0.39%
0.54%
0.73%
0.87%
0.93%
0.67%
1.00%
1.31%
1.59%
1.70%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.06%
0.11%
0.15%
0.28%
0.04%
0.07%
0.12%
0.20%
0.38%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.05%
0.03%
0.08%
0.06%
0.11%
0.11%
0.02%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.09%
0.05%
0.09%
0.14%
0.18%
0.19%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.07%
0.00%
0.02%
0.03%
0.06%
0.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.00%
0.01%
0.03%
0.05%
0.05%
                                                  6B-15

-------
1
2
Study area=WashingtonDC
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
7.73%
10.45%
13.16%
15.89%
25.95%
8.97%
11.65%
14.33%
16.89%
26.33%
6.99%
7.82%
9.07%
11.12%
11.12%
14.05%
13.22%
17.96%
21.46%
6.15%
8.30%
10.12%
12.33%
14.05%
9.68%
13.39%
16.80%
21.14%
24.63%
FEV15
ages
5tol8
1.19%
1.98%
2.94%
4.00%
9.34%
1.38%
2.23%
3.28%
4.34%
9.23%
0.97%
1.19%
1.54%
2.24%
2.24%
3.37%
3.05%
5.11%
6.92%
0.79%
1.31%
1.83%
2.73%
3.47%
1.59%
2.87%
4.20%
6.22%
8.24%
FEV20
ages
5tol8
0.30%
0.63%
1.00%
1.49%
4.41%
0.32%
0.61%
1.04%
1.51%
4.23%
0.21%
0.29%
0.41%
0.70%
0.70%
1.24%
1.06%
2.12%
3.08%
0.15%
0.34%
0.57%
0.88%
1.17%
0.39%
0.92%
1.58%
2.54%
3.57%
FEV10
ages
19to35
2.01%
2.81%
3.69%
4.51%
8.38%
2.39%
3.20%
4.09%
4.98%
8.64%
1.85%
2.07%
2.42%
3.03%
3.03%
3.92%
3.66%
5.23%
6.29%
1.63%
2.14%
2.64%
3.30%
3.61%
2.67%
3.93%
5.07%
6.65%
7.87%
FEV15
ages
19to35
0.26%
0.40%
0.57%
0.79%
2.03%
0.29%
0.45%
0.67%
0.91%
2.08%
0.23%
0.26%
0.32%
0.43%
0.43%
0.67%
0.60%
1.03%
1.37%
0.18%
0.26%
0.35%
0.47%
0.58%
0.35%
0.63%
0.93%
1.41%
1.83%
FEV20
ages
19to35
0.07%
0.11%
0.17%
0.25%
0.73%
0.06%
0.09%
0.17%
0.26%
0.74%
0.05%
0.06%
0.07%
0.12%
0.12%
0.20%
0.17%
0.33%
0.45%
0.04%
0.07%
0.09%
0.13%
0.15%
0.08%
0.16%
0.29%
0.46%
0.66%
FEV10
ages
36to55
0.41%
0.56%
0.79%
1.04%
2.38%
0.50%
0.72%
0.97%
1.22%
2.49%
0.34%
0.38%
0.45%
0.63%
0.63%
0.94%
0.84%
1.35%
1.72%
0.32%
0.44%
0.59%
0.78%
0.91%
0.59%
0.96%
1.29%
1.82%
2.25%
FEV15
ages
36to55
0.03%
0.05%
0.08%
0.10%
0.30%
0.04%
0.06%
0.09%
0.12%
0.33%
0.02%
0.03%
0.03%
0.05%
0.05%
0.07%
0.06%
0.13%
0.17%
0.02%
0.03%
0.05%
0.07%
0.09%
0.04%
0.07%
0.12%
0.19%
0.28%
FEV20
ages
36to55
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.08%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
0.05%
0.07%
                                                   6B-16

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Atlanta
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
311,580
458,918
602,077
806,774
1,664,477
313,698
462,384
608,547
811,049
1,686,832
190,256
301,992
273,745
414,882
357,330
577,700
473,609
794,740
990,773
192,567
261,133
360,372
491,901
602,905
304,726
413,284
562,778
745,544
902,605
FEV15
ages
5tol8
39,934
73,149
110,599
171,964
488,705
41,918
74,843
111,119
170,539
490,111
18,388
39,376
34,312
64,561
51,333
107,326
79,618
171,310
240,993
22,066
36,526
60,133
96,466
131,452
38,952
61,269
98,796
149,667
199,036
FEV20
ages
5tol8
8,395
18,369
31,597
53,894
194,126
8,780
19,081
31,212
53,990
191,623
3,331
8,126
6,489
16,174
11,514
30,827
21,315
55,377
84,047
4,409
8,491
16,058
29,190
42,957
7,702
13,767
25,532
44,324
64,407
FEV10
ages
19to35
56,647
84,278
111,119
151,169
331,451
55,550
81,813
107,673
147,357
329,545
37,065
55,646
51,564
76,287
65,543
108,231
87,667
146,702
182,439
37,065
49,388
67,064
90,209
108,269
51,892
69,086
94,252
124,270
149,841
FEV15
ages
19to35
5,199
9,281
15,115
24,300
70,935
5,988
10,186
14,595
23,452
71,685
3,716
6,701
5,911
9,916
8,010
15,385
11,880
23,895
32,329
4,043
6,007
9,107
13,209
17,811
5,083
7,529
11,264
16,540
22,528
FEV20
ages
19to35
982
1,887
2,965
5,295
23,549
1,078
2,137
3,466
5,699
22,721
616
1,290
1,098
2,195
1,771
3,909
2,927
6,104
9,146
732
1,175
2,022
3,350
4,756
847
1,444
2,619
4,101
5,796
FEV10
ages
36to55
12,188
18,446
25,782
36,391
93,540
9,916
16,078
23,452
33,715
86,954
7,413
11,418
10,513
15,962
13,671
23,144
18,485
34,177
45,268
6,701
9,570
13,806
19,794
25,070
9,839
13,786
20,391
27,785
34,639
FEV15
ages
36to55
443
963
1,425
2,753
11,014
193
732
1,348
2,137
9,493
347
693
616
1,155
905
1,771
1,348
3,100
4,467
347
539
751
1,348
2,080
443
578
1,059
1,906
2,580
FEV20
ages
36to55
19
58
135
366
2,368
39
58
96
231
1,694
19
39
19
154
96
308
212
539
809
58
58
96
231
347
135
154
193
250
327
                                                    6B-17

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Baltimore
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
161,638
239,557
315,268
408,143
718,727
158,733
226,136
292,071
365,218
584,086
108,617
118,912
151,962
157,960
195,064
207,391
244,771
256,811
402,731
93,947
121,187
154,635
185,774
268,399
190,800
256,845
338,663
420,615
639,151
FEV15
ages
5tol8
19,552
38,463
60,113
87,585
203,624
19,408
34,596
51,066
73,214
153,011
11,134
12,935
19,596
20,844
29,946
33,083
43,975
47,752
97,780
8,152
13,211
20,468
27,450
52,215
24,655
40,053
61,549
86,392
167,868
FEV20
ages
5tol8
4,131
8,969
16,160
26,356
78,008
3,711
8,119
13,123
21,186
54,678
1,922
2,397
4,717
5,059
7,456
8,550
11,852
13,145
33,856
1,160
2,132
3,667
5,877
14,194
4,639
9,290
16,293
25,638
59,428
FEV10
ages
19to35
22,600
32,796
43,511
56,921
107,479
20,513
29,471
37,999
48,040
79,190
15,420
16,901
21,065
21,860
27,052
28,841
34,353
36,055
57,186
14,437
18,171
22,545
26,776
36,762
25,307
34,066
45,764
57,760
89,827
FEV15
ages
19to35
3,060
4,684
6,606
9,356
21,849
2,342
3,601
4,971
7,047
14,824
1,679
1,900
2,452
2,530
3,325
3,623
4,728
5,070
10,019
1,624
2,121
2,828
3,579
5,479
2,861
4,220
6,517
8,848
17,033
FEV20
ages
19to35
707
1,270
1,977
2,806
7,003
641
1,016
1,447
1,944
4,507
320
376
519
563
862
972
1,193
1,326
2,938
353
464
685
817
1,535
751
1,160
1,767
2,585
5,523
FEV10
ages
36to55
5,313
8,285
11,499
15,697
32,895
4,838
7,070
9,577
13,012
24,511
3,491
3,800
4,982
5,114
6,462
7,003
8,483
9,157
16,669
3,281
4,164
5,379
6,440
9,356
5,379
7,799
10,869
14,581
26,643
FEV15
ages
36to55
287
574
917
1,314
3,634
243
365
574
851
2,408
177
221
331
331
497
608
773
862
1,569
99
166
320
453
696
320
519
862
1,071
2,684
FEV20
ages
36to55
55
99
155
199
729
11
33
77
122
376
33
44
55
55
88
99
155
155
376
11
22
44
66
133
11
44
66
155
530
                                                    6B-18

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Boston
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
166,848
233,143
331,027
399,858
533,425
221,397
320,193
464,840
573,425
766,769
158,973
192,921
221,397
280,950
311,673
379,124
379,146
458,855
487,019
161,443
218,482
276,256
305,622
312,540
209,005
297,613
392,516
459,945
480,768
FEV15
ages
5tol8
18,420
33,036
59,265
82,201
130,431
30,255
56,261
102,089
140,553
215,635
17,063
23,759
30,010
44,604
52,680
71,411
71,411
99,731
110,943
21,379
35,127
50,833
60,488
64,137
24,582
44,181
68,831
89,942
97,929
FEV20
ages
5tol8
3,582
7,564
15,750
24,093
45,650
6,518
14,571
30,878
46,918
82,846
2,759
4,316
6,585
10,656
13,237
19,777
19,777
31,412
36,106
4,939
8,943
14,994
18,821
19,977
4,338
9,633
17,575
26,206
29,365
FEV10
ages
19to35
31,056
42,891
59,999
72,079
95,148
36,195
52,702
77,529
98,085
131,632
30,811
35,750
40,733
50,499
55,549
67,807
67,807
80,866
85,360
31,568
41,868
51,656
53,614
54,170
36,062
49,098
64,159
73,013
75,326
FEV15
ages
19to35
3,181
4,805
8,498
11,546
17,219
3,404
6,118
10,990
15,817
24,760
3,203
3,849
4,650
6,563
7,430
9,811
9,811
13,014
14,371
3,493
4,939
6,807
7,942
8,142
3,804
5,495
8,164
9,344
9,877
FEV20
ages
19to35
734
1,179
2,069
3,003
5,117
690
1,179
2,736
4,271
7,453
578
756
979
1,379
1,691
2,425
2,425
3,515
3,915
823
1,313
1,935
2,269
2,247
645
1,023
1,757
2,113
2,291
FEV10
ages
36to55
7,030
10,901
17,219
22,180
31,301
9,099
14,060
23,759
30,722
46,740
7,052
9,054
10,612
13,949
15,795
20,022
20,022
24,916
27,341
6,474
9,588
13,103
14,861
15,372
8,921
14,015
18,776
21,979
23,159
FEV15
ages
36to55
334
556
1,112
1,802
3,203
556
1,001
1,958
2,937
5,206
311
378
445
623
868
1,290
1,290
1,735
2,024
245
556
845
823
868
534
934
1,268
1,424
1,646
FEV20
ages
36to55
0
22
200
289
645
133
222
423
623
1,201
44
44
44
67
67
133
133
311
423
67
89
89
111
89
67
89
133
178
200
                                                    6B-19

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Chicago
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
473,892
630,952
785,926
890,869
881,897
715,699
1,003,615
1,301,544
1,560,543
1,579,612
405,752
498,094
532,852
626,279
649,312
714,155
705,351
677,853
677,853
454,197
570,782
648,561
616,389
616,389
730,429
935,600
1,093,077
1,064,160
1,064,160
FEV15
ages
5tol8
63,467
101,021
144,083
187,562
192,695
106,445
183,181
274,897
372,579
390,897
40,642
56,665
63,675
86,500
92,425
114,874
114,248
111,870
111,870
61,172
90,339
118,463
116,126
116,126
104,776
162,860
218,357
222,780
222,780
FEV20
ages
5tol8
13,812
24,994
40,892
57,667
59,836
23,325
48,236
81,952
125,640
134,945
7,803
11,183
12,894
18,109
19,945
28,291
28,833
28,666
28,666
14,855
23,909
32,213
32,338
32,338
23,117
40,308
61,464
65,511
65,511
FEV10
ages
19to35
87,084
110,701
133,484
145,126
140,494
110,660
153,763
200,957
236,675
235,673
70,393
81,868
86,583
97,975
100,729
104,860
102,940
96,264
96,264
88,544
107,155
116,251
103,357
103,357
129,979
162,401
184,808
172,374
172,374
FEV15
ages
19to35
11,058
15,898
20,655
24,494
23,909
13,645
21,573
30,878
39,599
40,642
8,178
9,347
10,307
11,725
12,518
13,645
13,186
11,976
11,976
10,766
13,978
16,524
15,272
15,272
18,068
24,619
30,628
29,459
29,459
FEV20
ages
19to35
2,796
3,672
5,591
6,676
6,551
3,380
5,675
8,512
12,226
12,518
1,878
2,462
2,712
3,296
3,463
3,338
3,130
2,921
2,921
2,837
3,881
4,340
3,881
3,881
4,465
6,176
8,053
7,636
7,636
FEV10
ages
36to55
16,440
22,574
29,125
35,510
35,092
22,157
35,259
48,904
63,550
64,760
12,351
15,439
16,941
20,780
21,698
24,368
24,035
23,576
23,576
16,566
22,074
25,871
24,535
24,535
25,245
34,466
42,520
40,892
40,892
FEV15
ages
36to55
835
1,460
2,253
3,380
3,380
793
1,753
3,296
4,882
5,341
626
835
793
1,127
1,168
1,377
1,377
1,335
1,335
960
1,252
1,460
1,502
1,502
1,210
1,669
2,629
2,754
2,754
FEV20
ages
36to55
83
209
417
793
709
83
292
501
751
876
42
42
42
125
125
209
209
125
125
125
209
250
250
250
250
292
584
668
668
                                                    6B-20

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Cleveland
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
59,108
125,864
191,704
264,384
373,363
79,062
179,344
279,194
389,682
544,480
68,923
68,923
151,405
127,627
230,306
210,984
315,844
303,241
429,899
58,098
92,822
139,597
189,186
239,192
76,679
137,779
225,970
323,949
455,037
FEV15
ages
5tol8
3,918
14,945
28,948
48,364
84,407
7,082
25,097
48,687
80,099
138,749
5,036
5,036
17,800
13,774
35,007
29,971
58,556
55,338
97,091
5,089
10,596
19,954
31,520
46,667
5,413
13,989
31,991
57,115
98,154
FEV20
ages
5tol8
431
2,572
6,584
13,262
27,857
1,319
6,113
13,626
25,717
50,908
539
539
3,635
2,343
8,725
7,298
16,521
15,309
30,416
687
2,073
4,537
8,429
14,097
646
2,329
6,557
14,636
30,079
FEV10
ages
19to35
10,542
21,193
32,220
44,284
63,201
11,135
24,774
40,110
58,475
85,606
11,566
11,566
23,132
19,604
35,249
31,816
48,902
46,923
66,177
10,556
15,780
23,226
31,385
38,777
12,333
20,291
32,839
48,188
67,671
FEV15
ages
19to35
673
2,302
4,174
6,880
11,566
929
2,652
4,928
8,429
15,215
902
902
2,329
1,818
4,268
3,676
6,597
6,113
10,879
687
1,454
2,612
4,160
5,763
902
1,952
3,797
6,422
10,906
FEV20
ages
19to35
67
269
808
1,535
3,124
162
646
1,225
2,275
4,268
175
175
458
337
875
794
1,602
1,468
2,733
81
202
404
902
1,495
94
296
902
1,481
2,881
FEV10
ages
36to55
2,827
5,992
9,385
13,249
20,870
3,110
6,665
11,768
18,338
30,281
2,760
2,760
6,517
5,332
10,192
9,115
14,797
13,962
21,691
2,316
3,810
6,301
9,142
11,593
3,137
5,938
9,815
14,663
21,502
FEV15
ages
36to55
148
296
741
1,185
2,222
135
404
875
1,575
2,881
94
94
256
202
525
404
1,077
969
1,818
108
215
417
673
942
81
202
539
983
1,737
FEV20
ages
36to55
0
81
162
229
539
0
67
148
188
525
0
0
27
27
94
67
135
108
337
13
27
27
40
148
0
13
67
135
350
                                                    6B-21

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Dallas
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
611,002
833,072
1,112,297
1,362,604
2,225,534
319,068
427,460
562,092
680,727
1,054,648
330,908
330,908
444,350
444,350
578,959
578,959
695,432
729,848
1,051,171
373,381
499,510
660,782
842,539
1,263,562
317,329
417,945
541,607
679,223
951,401
FEV15
ages
5tol8
93,592
151,053
230,621
312,044
653,288
38,245
61,643
96,834
131,884
271,473
36,084
36,084
58,166
58,166
89,199
89,199
121,829
130,451
241,662
48,182
76,325
118,306
171,421
332,270
34,016
54,055
83,490
120,138
217,395
FEV20
ages
5tol8
21,707
40,242
69,184
101,274
257,026
7,142
14,072
25,301
38,527
98,243
5,920
5,920
11,840
11,840
21,331
21,331
31,150
34,204
78,369
9,820
18,324
31,973
52,129
120,044
6,084
11,065
19,193
31,526
69,701
FEV10
ages
19to35
93,991
130,756
181,053
228,812
397,249
52,035
70,147
92,182
113,325
182,368
51,588
51,588
68,503
68,503
89,645
89,645
109,520
115,604
169,095
58,072
79,473
106,372
139,260
216,666
51,283
67,798
88,565
111,281
154,460
FEV15
ages
19to35
9,679
15,904
25,019
34,862
81,212
5,051
7,353
11,417
15,082
34,392
4,698
4,698
7,071
7,071
10,125
10,125
13,813
14,589
26,405
6,108
9,021
14,142
20,626
40,195
4,933
7,470
10,712
15,458
26,475
FEV20
ages
19to35
1,621
3,242
6,155
8,880
24,620
1,034
1,644
2,537
3,688
10,008
681
681
1,339
1,339
2,349
2,349
3,359
3,547
7,564
1,386
2,255
3,524
5,474
12,827
799
1,339
1,997
3,336
7,470
FEV10
ages
36to55
22,317
31,667
46,538
60,280
116,215
10,783
15,246
21,213
27,133
49,145
11,535
11,535
15,481
15,481
20,720
20,720
25,630
27,274
43,554
12,897
18,183
25,042
34,322
58,096
10,830
14,870
19,733
26,593
41,933
FEV15
ages
36to55
1,081
2,091
3,218
5,098
13,343
446
916
1,433
2,161
5,403
305
305
470
470
1,057
1,057
1,339
1,433
3,383
470
916
1,621
2,490
6,225
352
775
1,269
1,926
3,876
FEV20
ages
36to55
94
258
540
799
2,443
47
47
211
305
1,034
23
23
47
47
94
94
164
188
423
23
70
117
305
893
23
23
117
211
634
                                                    6B-22

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Denver
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
296,332
399,123
504,566
611,559
777,551
265,079
355,435
441,970
527,572
647,027
292,248
292,248
398,059
513,246
505,512
640,947
609,392
730,567
750,014
207,026
336,631
404,703
446,907
455,048
240,590
409,772
506,969
579,467
596,393
FEV15
ages
5tol8
41,783
67,691
99,521
134,398
201,419
33,379
55,427
80,074
106,494
153,228
40,116
40,116
64,343
96,068
93,665
137,103
126,165
169,117
178,374
23,833
53,181
72,497
88,347
92,536
28,547
66,877
95,214
118,667
125,364
FEV20
ages
5tol8
8,969
16,729
27,536
41,206
71,119
6,237
12,081
19,999
29,926
49,163
7,669
7,669
14,221
24,700
24,004
39,420
35,572
53,037
57,383
3,939
11,766
18,016
23,649
25,593
4,648
15,784
25,369
34,167
37,595
FEV10
ages
19to35
55,427
74,034
93,494
113,637
145,848
49,255
64,763
79,142
93,809
112,403
58,801
58,801
78,525
100,441
98,799
125,311
119,100
140,977
144,811
40,838
64,605
77,290
82,779
83,908
45,841
74,467
91,721
103,014
105,522
FEV15
ages
19to35
6,894
10,072
13,958
17,977
28,166
5,581
8,233
10,610
13,775
18,830
6,894
6,894
10,137
13,998
13,670
18,738
17,478
22,664
23,859
4,491
7,958
10,019
11,529
11,936
4,990
9,428
12,921
15,613
16,572
FEV20
ages
19to35
1,405
2,206
3,611
4,990
8,417
1,103
1,602
2,429
3,493
5,226
1,444
1,444
2,127
3,598
3,480
5,200
4,819
6,605
6,789
1,011
1,851
2,377
2,823
3,046
1,142
2,390
3,191
3,952
4,268
FEV10
ages
36to55
14,379
20,261
25,566
32,263
44,068
12,304
16,860
21,325
25,947
32,999
14,142
14,142
19,736
25,947
25,540
33,419
31,541
38,606
39,774
9,625
16,230
19,618
21,877
22,192
10,492
18,265
23,111
26,525
27,549
FEV15
ages
36to55
880
1,274
2,101
2,955
5,134
709
1,300
1,891
2,456
3,729
801
801
1,287
1,970
1,957
2,797
2,613
3,440
3,637
368
959
1,313
1,602
1,641
525
1,234
1,773
2,272
2,337
FEV20
ages
36to55
39
144
315
499
1,011
79
131
276
368
591
105
105
184
302
289
552
460
683
775
13
39
79
105
118
26
92
236
328
368
                                                   6B-23

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Detroit
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
219,845
301,189
376,155
477,641
622,017
284,042
418,816
544,354
729,013
1,039,530
204,733
264,655
283,768
385,483
353,750
506,059
456,768
575,789
575,789
210,334
298,766
384,020
416,599
416,599
306,905
449,200
588,661
682,351
682,351
FEV15
ages
5tol8
24,028
42,067
60,494
90,124
142,158
35,277
66,895
100,526
158,802
283,585
19,913
31,024
34,957
58,848
51,509
91,884
77,801
120,439
120,439
24,234
43,347
64,746
82,419
82,419
36,328
68,130
106,813
144,399
144,399
FEV20
ages
5tol8
4,321
8,711
14,426
24,920
46,959
6,767
16,027
27,709
50,892
105,167
3,086
5,807
6,767
13,695
11,363
24,554
19,662
36,854
36,854
4,435
9,717
17,238
24,531
24,531
6,699
15,249
27,343
41,587
41,587
FEV10
ages
19to35
40,238
54,207
67,696
87,037
109,739
41,655
61,317
81,070
110,082
163,238
35,963
44,902
48,194
63,923
59,054
83,836
75,286
91,427
91,427
40,055
54,733
69,502
72,039
72,039
52,218
73,503
95,336
106,927
106,927
FEV15
ages
19to35
4,664
7,133
9,465
13,877
20,873
4,550
7,430
10,974
17,650
31,459
3,269
4,641
5,098
7,819
6,813
11,728
10,174
14,975
14,975
4,435
7,087
10,037
11,660
11,660
6,424
10,471
14,975
18,427
18,427
FEV20
ages
19to35
846
1,738
2,401
3,772
6,150
983
1,875
3,064
4,572
9,419
640
846
1,075
1,783
1,600
2,835
2,446
3,864
3,864
846
1,463
2,309
2,858
2,858
1,738
2,561
4,298
5,601
5,601
FEV10
ages
36to55
10,311
14,563
18,267
24,531
33,219
10,745
16,918
23,205
33,699
54,641
9,602
11,911
12,826
17,124
15,684
23,525
20,530
26,269
26,269
10,357
14,906
19,319
20,142
20,142
13,169
18,930
26,429
30,270
30,270
FEV15
ages
36to55
480
1,075
1,532
2,241
3,704
594
1,143
1,829
3,041
5,738
457
754
869
1,235
1,052
1,966
1,669
2,561
2,561
526
914
1,463
1,829
1,829
594
1,486
2,332
2,835
2,835
FEV20
ages
36to55
23
160
274
412
709
114
251
412
617
1,257
23
46
46
137
91
251
183
343
343
23
137
229
320
320
69
251
320
503
503
                                                    6B-24

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Houston
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
318,714
449,772
556,946
675,796
1,248,677
253,617
336,887
401,984
473,244
801,673
269,318
343,187
352,980
469,868
415,526
583,028
482,134
697,855
750,745
332,903
448,869
551,058
651,029
680,290
354,962
485,294
601,004
714,792
772,824
FEV15
ages
5tol8
30,694
60,269
88,490
122,756
364,795
20,587
36,385
51,575
69,591
198,627
22,255
33,932
35,973
63,684
50,241
93,868
66,589
130,076
166,638
35,659
65,352
96,125
131,234
166,599
38,250
68,041
101,247
139,457
179,728
FEV20
ages
5tol8
4,671
12,815
22,353
34,815
145,188
3,081
6,476
11,402
16,995
68,060
3,081
5,554
6,005
13,600
9,636
23,354
14,366
37,151
53,126
6,339
15,759
27,593
41,939
61,486
6,908
15,681
26,828
40,664
60,446
FEV10
ages
19to35
53,184
70,514
85,782
103,896
201,022
45,629
57,090
66,137
77,481
126,681
48,200
58,169
59,563
77,638
69,061
95,300
78,952
113,532
118,497
57,934
74,792
90,394
105,545
106,840
60,269
77,461
93,907
110,392
116,162
FEV15
ages
19to35
4,494
7,202
9,950
13,522
40,389
4,023
5,436
7,026
8,988
22,785
4,651
6,339
6,594
9,459
8,046
12,560
9,773
16,387
19,213
6,202
9,302
12,305
16,760
19,979
6,123
8,871
11,736
15,484
19,429
FEV20
ages
19to35
491
1,158
1,707
2,826
12,089
707
1,178
1,590
2,021
6,614
765
1,119
1,138
1,884
1,531
3,062
2,002
4,376
5,436
1,236
1,727
2,963
4,357
6,280
922
1,629
2,551
3,690
5,004
FEV10
ages
36to55
10,205
14,385
18,840
24,512
60,976
8,851
11,500
13,581
16,485
32,794
9,930
12,639
12,972
17,879
15,543
22,785
18,467
28,182
31,518
11,775
16,740
21,647
27,044
30,262
12,246
16,603
21,490
26,887
30,851
FEV15
ages
36to55
412
667
1,060
1,590
7,458
177
412
687
981
3,081
294
412
412
824
628
1,276
864
1,923
3,160
530
1,099
1,629
2,512
3,513
510
981
1,472
2,002
2,846
FEV20
ages
36to55
59
137
196
236
1,668
39
39
39
98
628
39
59
59
79
59
157
98
275
530
39
118
216
412
844
59
118
236
353
530
                                                   6B-25

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=LosAngeles
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
1,836,948
2,434,140
3,065,119
3,816,299
5,668,272
1,734,165
2,297,718
2,877,641
3,588,680
4,694,257
1,945,712
2,002,000
2,582,895
2,651,592
3,247,139
3,354,931
4,046,235
4,080,546
5,829,736
1,991,909
2,615,487
3,300,661
4,000,860
5,227,013
1,602,078
2,112,408
2,657,124
3,219,705
3,494,119
FEV15
ages
5tol8
216,331
342,961
496,800
700,349
1,699,330
199,737
317,246
454,565
634,791
1,307,856
230,908
243,093
360,154
377,720
517,282
547,257
730,100
740,341
1,683,035
236,888
375,478
541,576
725,615
1,415,573
177,909
277,628
398,053
543,520
848,656
FEV20
ages
5tol8
39,245
76,994
126,106
196,896
691,005
34,311
66,828
110,109
174,695
516,534
42,459
45,225
80,582
84,469
129,320
137,767
201,755
204,820
677,400
42,085
80,582
132,684
199,064
539,483
29,153
56,512
96,878
142,103
300,502
FEV10
ages
19to35
446,940
610,796
777,044
982,312
1,415,573
439,316
585,231
741,163
944,338
1,142,430
474,449
489,773
637,782
656,544
813,373
843,947
1,037,628
1,046,300
1,488,680
498,444
660,955
849,105
1,057,064
1,269,957
440,886
579,027
746,545
918,250
844,171
FEV15
ages
19to35
40,814
61,969
91,421
129,769
291,905
42,534
64,660
87,385
122,443
217,976
44,029
46,271
68,547
71,762
98,597
104,129
141,430
142,776
294,970
47,766
73,406
105,848
141,281
236,963
42,235
63,614
89,029
119,005
132,086
FEV20
ages
19to35
9,269
14,950
21,678
30,648
100,317
8,297
13,605
21,005
31,097
68,846
8,746
9,269
14,726
15,548
21,977
22,874
33,339
33,937
92,842
9,344
17,193
25,565
35,582
73,855
8,970
14,577
20,856
30,573
36,404
FEV10
ages
36to55
92,169
127,302
165,874
220,817
421,375
83,498
117,734
157,352
208,482
322,255
94,262
97,850
132,460
137,468
177,685
184,861
234,421
236,813
433,784
102,335
139,038
185,309
237,112
358,285
84,768
119,154
162,510
205,418
232,328
FEV15
ages
36to55
4,186
6,728
10,764
17,043
61,072
3,887
6,055
8,970
13,754
38,647
5,158
5,233
7,998
8,297
11,661
12,633
17,193
17,567
56,139
4,784
8,447
11,736
16,670
47,542
4,859
7,400
10,390
14,203
26,911
FEV20
ages
36to55
374
673
1,570
2,766
17,342
224
523
1,047
1,944
9,344
374
449
822
897
1,420
1,570
2,766
2,766
12,783
523
822
1,346
2,915
10,390
822
972
1,719
2,841
3,663
                                                    6B-26

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=NewYork
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
192,061
1,114,678
1,673,916
3,473,774
232,344
1,355,357
1,999,883
3,914,663
208,638
355,138
1,168,204
1,543,807
1,716,607
2,392,896
3,280,324
274,387
943,360
1,372,582
1,671,138
422,646
2,033,313
3,184,571
4,291,285
FEV15
ages
5tol8
9,631
156,594
296,334
995,774
16,391
199,840
375,048
1,104,307
12,224
24,911
170,670
259,292
300,686
498,860
869,555
21,392
133,721
237,715
354,860
33,245
345,785
686,939
1,142,182
FEV20
ages
5tol8
1,111
35,838
84,826
384,771
2,593
46,950
98,253
415,608
2,315
4,445
37,783
71,213
87,882
167,521
323,282
2,500
29,541
63,249
111,866
5,186
95,197
214,286
419,127
FEV10
ages
19to35
42,783
180,115
265,497
601,743
52,229
225,769
325,782
670,733
44,821
72,231
209,656
269,571
297,260
412,182
572,387
63,341
171,966
241,883
274,572
87,789
328,745
509,694
689,254
FEV15
ages
19to35
3,519
18,706
32,504
118,534
4,352
23,522
40,005
135,017
3,612
6,482
23,799
34,264
39,449
62,786
109,458
4,630
20,373
32,597
41,857
7,316
39,079
77,510
130,202
FEV20
ages
19to35
370
3,982
7,871
39,172
556
4,815
9,168
39,172
648
1,111
5,464
8,705
10,464
18,613
36,394
833
3,612
8,149
12,039
926
9,075
19,262
36,579
FEV10
ages
36to55
9,075
41,857
68,064
187,894
11,576
52,599
77,325
195,951
8,890
15,187
51,488
68,342
76,028
112,885
172,614
14,076
43,709
64,453
77,880
18,984
85,752
144,555
207,804
FEV15
ages
36to55
278
1,945
4,075
19,447
741
3,612
5,186
18,243
463
741
3,149
3,797
4,445
9,723
17,780
463
2,593
5,093
7,408
648
5,278
9,816
19,169
FEV20
ages
36to55
0
278
648
4,075
93
926
1,111
3,797
0
93
556
833
1,019
1,574
3,334
0
370
648
833
0
556
2,408
4,075
                                                   6B-27

-------
1
2
3
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Philadelphia
4
5
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
372,132
500,610
665,626
842,839
1,542,222
445,898
596,348
797,655
1,007,139
1,795,900
317,008
425,522
425,522
572,310
572,310
768,027
723,421
994,831
1,395,710
267,445
335,621
429,295
530,870
696,437
514,350
683,413
916,825
1,168,163
1,600,266
FEV15
ages
5tol8
42,431
68,038
109,396
159,867
424,614
57,107
91,388
144,145
208,273
513,303
32,381
53,115
53,115
87,561
87,561
143,676
130,377
213,202
367,617
26,957
41,275
62,229
87,891
141,033
66,331
107,551
171,074
247,565
414,453
FEV20
ages
5tol8
7,242
14,043
26,323
44,248
156,921
11,399
22,799
40,118
62,724
197,149
4,708
10,436
10,436
20,513
20,513
39,320
34,556
66,111
136,765
4,598
7,930
13,602
21,670
42,872
13,630
25,800
46,782
77,263
148,550
FEV10
ages
19to35
46,727
62,146
82,467
106,973
214,496
54,078
74,729
101,548
131,010
255,192
40,889
53,996
53,996
73,380
73,380
101,108
94,472
133,791
198,718
36,676
45,487
58,264
72,527
92,820
60,494
81,283
113,085
150,037
215,184
FEV15
ages
19to35
4,130
6,305
9,417
13,547
38,576
4,901
7,985
12,831
18,063
51,049
3,910
5,672
5,672
8,288
8,288
13,905
12,556
20,706
36,566
3,359
4,598
6,250
8,839
13,162
5,755
8,894
14,841
21,945
37,723
FEV20
ages
19to35
771
1,156
2,010
3,166
10,959
771
1,597
2,671
4,571
15,970
606
854
854
2,010
2,010
3,524
3,084
5,507
10,849
496
743
1,212
1,955
3,359
606
1,707
3,166
5,177
11,262
FEV10
ages
36to55
13,162
18,173
25,580
33,014
76,684
14,786
21,450
30,040
40,862
94,940
11,785
15,888
15,888
21,422
21,422
31,307
28,884
43,588
69,415
10,133
12,804
16,356
20,486
27,287
17,485
24,451
35,272
48,654
74,757
FEV15
ages
36to55
771
1,074
1,542
2,313
7,159
909
1,377
2,203
3,194
10,298
523
909
909
1,652
1,652
2,698
2,423
3,993
7,958
468
743
1,019
1,514
2,340
1,019
1,762
2,753
3,937
7,159
FEV20
ages
36to55
110
193
275
413
1,459
110
248
441
688
2,671
193
220
220
330
330
523
496
909
1,625
28
55
138
193
358
110
138
358
799
1,569
                                                    6B-28

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=Sacramento
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
170,427
252,038
319,680
402,611
847,289
113,255
161,141
199,046
245,950
480,946
162,065
162,065
236,143
226,674
296,667
286,090
372,566
361,584
766,690
142,655
198,767
249,466
315,153
649,408
98,372
133,648
168,086
209,951
417,783
FEV15
ages
5tol8
21,819
41,065
58,761
83,162
254,234
11,752
21,193
29,785
41,537
118,283
20,827
20,827
38,243
35,748
54,388
51,710
76,139
72,787
222,609
17,359
29,959
42,867
60,929
181,640
9,296
16,328
22,724
32,271
100,588
FEV20
ages
5tol8
4,807
10,433
16,521
25,508
100,087
2,495
5,183
7,793
11,656
42,501
4,720
4,720
10,038
9,209
15,182
14,209
23,803
22,358
89,298
3,400
7,562
11,955
18,206
70,687
1,753
3,449
5,626
9,007
34,997
FEV10
ages
19to35
19,160
29,506
38,233
49,542
118,707
13,987
19,256
23,639
29,564
61,410
19,401
19,401
28,571
27,223
36,702
35,305
47,240
45,603
111,868
17,118
23,793
30,431
39,062
89,905
12,667
16,790
20,412
25,470
52,683
FEV15
ages
19to35
1,628
2,977
4,325
6,473
23,370
934
1,609
2,158
3,217
10,384
1,580
1,580
3,005
2,774
4,316
4,075
6,367
6,136
20,904
1,474
2,524
3,555
5,269
17,571
828
1,214
1,734
2,428
7,774
FEV20
ages
19to35
144
539
819
1,378
7,273
135
222
414
636
2,678
337
337
617
549
867
800
1,339
1,272
6,599
222
511
751
1,175
5,606
87
164
222
385
1,859
FEV10
ages
36to55
4,479
7,379
10,144
13,939
40,170
3,034
4,373
5,606
7,273
18,813
4,422
4,422
6,897
6,522
9,325
8,737
12,937
12,292
36,201
3,795
5,578
7,629
10,307
28,292
2,803
3,872
5,038
6,550
16,126
FEV15
ages
36to55
202
453
578
1,031
5,289
135
212
289
443
1,772
125
125
347
308
617
549
973
934
4,701
231
328
511
771
3,179
106
125
241
347
1,512
FEV20
ages
36to55
10
48
87
173
1,060
0
19
19
39
328
0
0
19
10
29
29
106
87
1,060
29
39
77
116
761
0
10
29
48
318
                                                   6B-29

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=StLouis
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
150,775
228,252
327,493
440,753
655,057
183,189
279,435
397,715
531,476
778,767
83,128
134,967
121,170
196,833
168,480
256,617
219,394
298,274
310,046
109,668
159,891
208,464
249,338
260,759
179,643
268,424
357,180
428,759
450,454
FEV15
ages
5tol8
17,506
34,684
60,415
93,835
171,359
25,685
48,609
80,847
124,575
219,148
7,501
15,844
13,410
28,318
22,163
43,249
33,829
55,208
59,046
12,708
22,760
35,222
46,385
50,574
24,339
45,952
69,765
93,239
101,242
FEV20
ages
5tol8
3,230
7,805
15,973
28,283
60,930
5,313
12,685
24,761
42,278
82,344
924
2,808
2,153
6,553
4,751
11,315
8,226
15,107
16,698
2,223
4,997
9,174
12,942
14,674
5,032
11,491
19,904
29,067
32,577
FEV10
ages
19to35
21,566
33,127
48,620
66,664
100,236
24,176
38,335
56,062
77,839
118,058
13,433
20,490
18,500
29,956
25,708
38,206
33,385
43,659
45,367
16,160
23,345
30,424
35,526
36,989
26,399
39,856
53,593
63,938
67,308
FEV15
ages
19to35
2,200
3,943
6,635
10,754
19,319
2,340
4,400
7,957
12,860
23,918
1,240
2,235
1,942
3,464
2,867
5,079
4,002
6,085
6,448
1,533
2,516
3,522
4,622
4,961
3,206
5,535
8,671
11,093
11,936
FEV20
ages
19to35
456
901
1,744
2,879
5,593
538
1,018
1,884
3,440
7,126
222
550
433
831
679
1,275
960
1,556
1,627
316
550
866
1,229
1,404
702
1,404
2,282
3,276
3,628
FEV10
ages
36to55
5,453
8,811
13,539
19,191
33,361
6,483
10,251
15,996
23,953
40,417
3,031
5,313
4,669
8,027
6,623
11,070
9,069
13,012
13,609
4,084
6,026
8,179
9,970
10,742
7,583
11,936
16,499
20,513
22,034
FEV15
ages
36to55
293
620
1,135
1,767
3,745
410
807
1,369
2,375
4,727
105
211
176
410
304
726
503
1,030
1,077
187
386
585
866
924
398
878
1,556
2,083
2,200
FEV20
ages
36to55
47
82
222
386
854
35
164
351
608
1,252
23
23
23
59
47
140
82
164
152
12
47
94
117
129
23
94
234
433
468
                                                    6B-30

-------
1
2
Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10,15,20%, study area=WashingtonDC
year
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
scenario
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
65 (06-08)
70 (06-08)
75 (06-08)
base
60 (06-08)
60 (08-10)
65 (06-08)
65 (08-10)
70 (06-08)
70 (08-10)
75 (06-08)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
60 (08-10)
65 (08-10)
70 (08-10)
75 (08-10)
base
FEV10
ages
5tol8
247,748
364,391
497,498
647,631
1,298,433
306,564
444,079
601,500
769,492
1,479,875
209,759
244,936
296,780
395,295
395,295
547,924
503,008
768,795
957,591
168,936
250,807
328,584
428,920
500,242
345,048
559,890
774,890
1,079,295
1,325,221
FEV15
ages
5tol8
29,307
54,813
88,955
131,510
372,443
36,999
67,476
106,994
154,587
409,914
21,817
27,575
38,236
60,728
60,728
102,136
89,360
169,836
239,246
15,924
30,342
47,390
73,683
97,682
44,286
94,983
155,554
252,134
347,724
FEV20
ages
5tol8
5,600
12,640
23,437
39,181
144,960
6,500
14,237
27,418
44,129
151,055
3,576
5,061
7,647
14,372
14,372
28,407
23,976
55,105
84,997
2,722
6,253
11,268
19,276
27,260
8,479
23,594
45,299
84,030
124,785
FEV10
ages
19to35
43,747
63,292
88,101
114,394
234,658
53,936
77,147
103,980
133,129
257,509
38,281
43,612
52,249
68,488
68,488
93,161
85,582
131,218
160,277
32,073
44,331
56,769
71,974
78,856
59,648
97,232
136,458
189,921
230,362
FEV15
ages
19to35
5,106
7,895
11,246
16,307
47,188
5,488
9,402
14,327
20,355
50,922
4,116
4,858
6,073
8,434
8,434
13,180
11,898
21,120
28,362
3,284
4,903
6,703
9,064
11,133
6,703
13,158
20,558
32,816
44,286
FEV20
ages
19to35
1,125
1,822
2,901
4,453
14,170
1,035
1,664
3,104
5,151
15,902
832
1,012
1,305
2,204
2,204
3,891
3,126
6,095
8,569
540
1,102
1,484
2,294
2,654
1,462
3,036
5,758
9,604
13,810
FEV10
ages
36to55
10,189
14,710
21,435
28,655
70,827
12,505
18,961
26,203
34,705
76,562
8,322
9,447
11,718
16,352
16,352
24,696
22,177
37,359
48,965
7,332
11,066
14,732
19,276
22,402
14,845
25,978
37,292
55,083
69,522
FEV15
ages
36to55
585
1,147
1,822
2,564
8,547
765
1,439
2,204
3,171
9,109
315
450
607
990
990
1,619
1,417
3,014
4,341
405
607
1,035
1,574
1,912
900
2,002
3,554
5,645
7,917
FEV20
ages
36to55
90
135
292
495
1,867
90
180
360
675
2,317
22
22
67
180
180
382
292
697
922
90
135
202
270
382
157
360
765
1,237
1,777
                                                    6B-31

-------
6B-32

-------
1




2
3                          Appendix 6C




4    Comparison of E-R Function Risk Results With the 2007 Review
                               6C-1

-------
 1          In this appendix we compare lung function risk estimates for school-aged children for
 2    this review and the previous review, based on the population exposure-response (E-R) function
 3    methodology used in previous reviews.
 4          Of the alternative standards for which risk results are available for the 2007 63 NAAQS
 5    review, the standard with level 0.074 ppm with the same form as the existing standard (which
 6    has level 0.075) is the most comparable for comparison with risks estimated to remain after just
 7    meeting the existing standard of 0.075 ppm. Table 6C-1 compares the estimated percents of
 8    asthmatic school-aged children with responses > 10% and the estimated percents of all school-
 9    aged children with responses > 15% for these two scenarios. The results for Atlanta overlap, but
10    the existing standard results tend to be lower than the results for the 2007 review.  The existing
11    standard results for Los Angeles are uniformly higher than the corresponding results for the 2007
12    review. In the previous review the response was extrapolated down to, and set to zero below,
13    background levels, which ranged from 0.013 to 0.033  ppm. For the existing standard analysis,
14    the response is calculated down to exposure concentrations of zero. We do not expect this to
15    result in much difference; the exposure response function is close to zero at levels at or near
16    background levels (see Table 6A-1 in Appendix 6A),  However, while the level of the standard
17    evaluated for each scenario is almost the same, the starting distribution of air quality from which
18    attainment was simulated is different, since the last review used different years of air quality
19    data. This will result in some differences.

20
                                               6C-2

-------
4
    Table 6C-1. Comparison of existing standard results with the 2007 O3 NAAQS review,
    using the population exposure-response method: Ranges (over years) of responses" for
    asthmatic and all school-aged children
Urban area
Atlanta
Chicago
Houston
Los Angeles
New York
FEVi decrement > 10%,
asthmatic school-aged children
Existing 0.075
ppm standard,
2006-2010
min
3.8%
3.5%
3.4%
4.3%
3.7%
max
5.6%
6.3%
5.3%
4.8%
5.7%
2007 review 0.074
ppm standard,
2002-2004
min
4.6%
2.1%
3.9%
1.9%
2.7%
max
7.3%
6.5%
4.4%
2.0%
6.6%
FEVi decrement > 15%,
all school-aged children
Existing 0.075
ppm standard,
2006-2010
min
0.9%
0.8%
0.8%
1.0%
0.9%
max
1.7%
2.0%
1.6%
1.2%
1.7%
2007 review 0.074
ppm standard,
2002-2004
min
1.2%
0.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.6%
max
2.2%
2.0%
1.2%
0.5%
2.0%
5
6
7
    a Percents of school-aged children estimated to experience lung function responses associated
    with 8-hour Os exposure while engaged in moderate or greater exertion. Results from the 2007
    review are from Tables 3-23 and 3-27 in the 2007 Risk Assessment TSD.
                                            6C-3

-------
1
2
                                        6C-4

-------
 4
 5                       Appendix 6D
 6
 7       Comparison of the MSS Model With Results From
 s           a Clinical Study With Children Ages 8-11
 9
10
                             6D-1

-------
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
       This appendix compares the predictions of the MSS model for 8-11 year old children
using the age term extension described in Section 6.2.4 with FEVi responses for this age group
reported by McDonnell et al. (1985).
       Table 6D-1 gives the FEVi responses for a clinical study with children ages 8-11,
exposed to 120 ppb ozone over 2.5 hours at heavy exertion levels done by McDonnell et al.
(1985).

Table 6D-1. FEVi responses measured during clean air and exposures to 120 ppb ozone3
Clean air Clean air Ozone Ozone
Subject pre- post- pre- post-
exposure exposure exposure exposure
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
20
21
22
24
25
26
9 a from Table 2
10
1 1 The numbers
2,256
1,669
1,954
1,675
2,331
2,511
2,281
1,937
1,841
1,431
2,251
1,824
1,670
1,519
1,542
2,372
1,643
2,349
2,519
2,340
1,606
1,824
, McDonnell

of subjects
2,274 2,324
1,832 1,831
1,935 1,949
1,656 1,709
2,264 2,245
2,490 2,409
2,345 2,252
1,911 2,061
1,807 1,795
1,686 1,615
2,122 2,179
1,789 1,803
1,638 1,794
1,495 1,532
1,465 1,524
2,205 2,233
1,654 1,673
2,416 2,353
2,549 2,545
2,365 2,487
1,416 1,502
1,801 1,836
etal. (1985)

2,299
1,780
1,845
1,697
2,090
2,541
2,287
1,919
1,714
1,513
2,147
1,700
1,788
1,312
1,191
2,121
1,583
2,287
2,590
2,424
1,592
1,759


CA-
-(CA post - CA -(O3 post - O3 adjusted
pre)/CA pre pre)/O3 pre FEVI
decrement
-0.80%
-9.77%
0.97%
1.13%
2.87%
0.84%
-2.81%
1.34%
1.85%
-17.82%
5.73%
1.92%
1.92%
1.58%
4.99%
7.04%
-0.67%
-2.85%
-1.19%
-1.07%
11.83%
1.26%


with clean-air adjusted responses greater than 10%,
12 respectively 4, 2, and 1, corresponding to 18
.2%, 9.1%,
1.08%
2.79%
5.34%
0.70%
6.90%
-5.48%
-1.55%
6.89%
4.51%
6.32%
1.47%
5.71%
0.33%
14.36%
21.85%
5.02%
5.38%
2.80%
-1.77%
2.53%
1.87%
12.55%
4.36%
-0.43%
4.03%
-6.32%
1.25%
5.55%
2.67%
24.14%
-4.26%
3.79%
-1.58%
12.78%
16.86%
-2.02%
6.05%
5.66%
-0.58%
3.60%
-5.99% -17.82%
4.19%


15%, and 20%
2.93%


are
and 4.5% of the number of subjects.
13
                                              6D-2

-------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Figure 6D-1 shows the distribution of clean-air corrected FEVi decrements across
subjects in the McDonnell et al. (1985) study (the last column in Table 6D-1). Figure 6D-2
displays the last 3 columns in Table 6D-1 and illustrates the variability of responses typical of
these studies of ozone exposure.
Figure 6D-1. Clean-air Corrected FEVi Decrement vs. Subject id
TC no°/.
70 00%
1 ^ nnp/
1 n nnp/.
c nnp/ _
Onn°/£
c nnp/ -
1 n nn°/£
1 ^ nnp/
?n nnp^





.1^


i





1 2 3 4 5 1 7 8 9 10 1 12 H 14 15 R 17 18 19 20 22






6D-3

-------
 1   Figure 6D-2.  FEVi responses measured during clean air and exposures to 120 ppb ozone"
 2
 O
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
       25.00%
       20.00%
       15.00%
       10.00%
        5.00%
        0.00%
        -5.00%
       -10.00%
       -15.00%
       -20.00%
                                                                       -(CA post - CA pre)/CA pre
                                                                       (O3 post - O3 pre)/O3 pre
                                                0  11 12  17 14  15  19  17  18
                                                      x-axis is subject id
a derived from data in McDonnell et al. (1985)
       Without ventilation rate measurements, this study cannot be used to fit the MSS model
for children. However, McDonnell et al. (1985) report mean values for ventilation rates
normalized by body surface area (BSA) of 32.4 (±3.3) for the clean air exposures and 33.3 (±3.4)
        r\
L/min/m for the ozone exposures (standard deviations in parentheses).  We can run the MSS
model with this study's exposure/exercise protocol for a sample of 8-11 year old children with
exercising ventilation rates sampled from Gaussian distributions with these means and standard
deviations, constraining the normalized ventilation rates to be within 1.5 standard deviations of
the mean. Resting ventilation rates were assumed to be 10.4 L/min (Avol  et al., 1985) and BSA
                                               6D-4

-------
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
           9                                i   	
to be 1.08 m  (EPA Exposure Factors Handbook ).  Table 6D-2 compares the results of this
simulation with the results of McDonnell et al. (1985).  The agreement is fairly good. Due to the
limited sample size of 22 subjects from only one study and the assumptions made in running the
MSS model, this does not provide confirmation that the age term extension is correct; however,
this comparison is supportive of the age term extension.
     Table 6D-2.  Comparison of responses from the MSS model with responses from
     McDonnell et al. (1985).


Percent
responding
> 10% FEVi decrement
MSS model
18.4%
McDonnell
et al. (1985)
18.2%
(4 subjects)
> 15% FEVi decrement
MSS model
6.8%
McDonnell
et al. (1985)
9.1%
(2 subjects)
> 20% FEVi decrement
MSS model
2.3%
McDonnell
et al. (1985)
4.5%
(1 subject)
10
11
     1 U.S. EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
     DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F, 2011.
                                              6D-5

-------
1
2
                                       6D-6

-------
1
2
3
4                        Appendix 6E

5

6                    Factors Related to Age
7
                             6E-1

-------
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
       There are several factors related to the age of an individual that influence the risk of the
individual of experiencing FEVi decrements (AFEVi) in excess of 10, 15, and 20%. These
factors include the parameters of the MSS model and the inputs to the MSS model calculated by
APEX: times series of exposures and ventilation rates normalized by body surface area (Figure
6E-1).  Figure 6E-2 illustrates the combined effect of these factors on modeled FEVi decrements
across ages.  Children are estimated to have the highest risk and older adults the lowest risk. In
this section we present sensitivity analyses which reveal the most influential underlying
components  driving age-related differences in risk.

            Figure 6E-1. Factors That Contribute to Risk (FEVi Decrements)

c

ctivity level (MET) physiology
>ver a time period the individ

1
normalized ventilation
rate (bVK) over a time
period

v
•s l\ /ICC 1

V
Risk (FEVI deer

of exposure over
ual a time period


Bl

ement)

       The times series of exposures modeled by APEX depend on ozone concentrations and
activity patterns. The times series of ventilation rates modeled by APEX depend on activity
patterns, exertion levels, and individual physiological characteristics.  Figure 6E-3 provides an
overview of how APEX models these quantities to estimate risk (the acronyms are defined in
Table 6E-1). As this figure shows, there are several quantities input to APEX whose
distributions depend on age: MOXD, BM, VO2max, MET, BM, RMR, VE regression
coefficients, CHAD diary locations, and CHAD diary activities. These factors are
                                         6E-2

-------
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
intercorrelated, so there is not a unique way to apportion their influences on FEVi decrements.
Since the highest exposures occur when an individual is outdoors, additional relevant factors
include the amount of time spent outdoors and the 63 concentrations when individuals are
outdoors.
          26%:
          24%:
          22%:
          20%:
       o  1 o /o:
      |  16%-
       a  i4%i
      2  12%;
       I  10%-
       S-H
      S    8%^
           o%V^-^
          5      10    15     20    25    30    35     40    45    50     55
                                           age
Figure 6E-2. The Relationship Between Age and Percent of Population with Exceedances
of 10% (blue), 15% (green), and 20% (red) FEVi Decrements. Based on the MSS (2012)
Threshold Model in an APEX Simulation of Atlanta for April-June 2006 (ages 5-95, 250,000
profiles).
                                           6E-3

-------
   Figure 6E-3.  Overview Chart of APEX Modeling of Factors Input to the MSS Model
  (3s, var(U), var(E)
  McDonnell etal., 2012
  McDonnell et al. model
ambient Oq
AER
CHAD location
BSA = f4(BM,sex)
(Burmaster, 1998)
                                 VE = BM*eY
                                 Y = a + b*V02 + £
CHAD activity
                                              a, b, s from VE regression model
                                              (EPA, 2009 -Graham & McCurdy)
V02 = MET*ECF*RMR/BM
                            ECF = U[0.20,0.21]
                            (Esmailetal., 1995)
    EPOC adjustment
    (Isaacs etal., 2008)
               METmax = nV02max/(ECF*RMR/BM)
  MET = f^activit^age)
  (CHAD: McCurdy, 2000)
                      nV02max = f5(age,sex)
                      (Isaacs & Smith, 2005)
   MOXD = f6(age,sex);  RecTime = U[8,16]
   (Isaacs & Smith, 2005; Isaacs et al., 2008)
                             RMR = c + d*BM +6
                             c, d, 6 = f3(age,sex)
                             from regression model
                             (Schofield, 1985)
                                   BM = f2(age,sex)
                                   (1999-2004 NHANES)
                                   (Isaacs & Smith, 2005)
                           APEX inputs are shaded blue.
                           The functions f are distributions.
                                        6E-4

-------
Table 6E-1. APEX Acronyms
Acronym      Description
AER          Air exchange rate (1/h)
BM           Body mass (kg)
BSA          Body Surface Area (m2)
CHAD        Consolidated Human Activity Database
ECF          Energy conversion factor (L O2/kcal)
EE           Energy expenditure (kcal/min)
EErest        Resting Energy expenditure (kcal/min)
EPOC        Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
EVR          Equivalent ventilation rate. EVR = VE / BSA (L/min-m2)
FEVi          Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
MET          Metabolic equivalent of work. MET = EE / EErest (unitless)
META        MET adjusted for EPOC
METmax      Maximum achievable MET for an individual (unitless)
MOXD        Maximal oxygen deficit that can be obtained (M-h)
RecTime      Oxygen debt recovery time (h). Time required to recover from F=l to 0 while at
              rest, where F is the fractional oxygen deficit.
RMR          Resting metabolic rate (kcal/min)
VE           Ventilation rate (L/min)
VO2          Oxygen consumption (L O2/min)
VO2max       Maximum oxygen consumption for an individual (L O2/min)
nVO2max      Maximum normalized oxygen consumption (L O2/min/kg)
                                       6E-5

-------
MSS Model Age Term
       Figure 6E-4 illustrates the interaction of age and ozone level for the prediction of risk in
the MSS threshold model.  This figure assumes moderate exercising conditions of a typical 6.6-
hour clinical study (EVR = 20 L/min-m2 BSA) and varies the ozone exposure level (constant
over the 6.6 hour period) from 40 to 120 ppb.  The lung function decrement is the median value
predicted at the end of the 6.6 hour period (U; and sp = 0 in equation 6-3).  The trend of the
slope vs. age increasing with Os exposure concentrations is consistent with the findings of
McDonnell et al. (1993, Figures 3 and 4). In our application of the model, the response is flat for
ages below 18 and declines out to age 55, after which we assume no response (Figure 6E-5).
Figure 6E-4.  Variation by Age of the Median Response (Lung Function Decrements in
FEVi) Predicted by the MSS Model After 6.6 Hour Exposure to Ozone Under Intermittent
Moderate Exercise
     91
     7-
     6]
  §5
  
-------
       Figure 6E-5 shows the median response predicted by the McDonnell-Stewart-Smith
model for a 6.6 hour exposure to 80 ppb ozone under intermittent moderate exercise (40 L/min,
BSA=2 m2). This was obtained by running the MSS model for different ages with the
concentration and ventilation rate time series fixed, according to a typical protocol for a 6.6 hour
exposure study.  Subjects alternated 50 minutes of moderate exercise with 10 minutes of rest for
the first three hours, with the exercise occurring first. For the next 35 minutes, subjects continued
exposure at rest. For the remaining three hours of the exposure period, subjects again alternated
50 minutes of exercise with  10 minutes of rest.
Figure 6E-5. Median Response Predicted by the MSS Model For a 6.6 Hour Exposure to
80 ppb O3 Under Intermittent Moderate Exercise (40 L/min, BSA=2 m2)
   c
   I
   o
   >
   PH
       4
        0
10
15    20
25
30    35
   age
40    45     50    55
                                                                              60
                                         6E-7

-------
Physiology, Ventilation Rates, and Outdoor Exposures
       The primary age-related factors in APEX of interest influencing estimated FEVi

decrements (except the MSS model age term parameters) are given in Table 6E-2.
Table 6E-2. Selected factors in APEX which influence estimated FEVi decrements
Factor
                Description
BSA


RMR

MET


META


VE

EVR

Time outdoors

Exposure to
ambient Os
while outdoors
                Body surface area is a basic physiological quantity which is an increasing
                function of age. Distributions of BSA that depend on age and sex are input to
                the APEX model.
                Resting metabolic rate is a basic physiological quantity which depends on age.
                APEX models RMR using age- and sex-dependent distributions.
                Unadjusted MET distribution is a function only of the CHAD diary activity,
                which in turn depends on age.  MET is a measure of the level of exertion
                during an activity.
                MET adjusted for excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is
                calculated in APEX as a function of unadjusted MET, RMR, MOXD,
                RecTime, VO2max, BM, and ECF.
                Ventilation rate is an input to the MSS model. VE is calculated in APEX as a
                function of adjusted MET, VE  regression coefficients, RMR, ECF, and BM.
                Equivalent ventilation rate = VE/BSA is the term in the MSS model that
                incorporates all of the physiological variables.
                Time spent outdoors is a function only of the CHAD diary location, which in
                turn depends on age.
                The ambient concentration levels while an individual is outdoors.  This is
                related to age since it depends on the times of day and duration that an
                individual is outdoors, which depend on the CHAD diary activity patterns,
                which depend on age.	
       We find the hours of 2 pm to 9 pm are most relevant to exposures and activities leading

to higher FEVi decrements, and have restricted this analysis to averages of quantities over these

hours (data not shown). BSA, RMR, METmax, and VO2max increase with age until around age

18 and then more or less level off. Looking at the 90*  percentiles of the daily (hours of 2 pm to

9 pm) averages, we find that from ages 5 to 15, unadjusted MET decreases while adjusted MET

increases.  Ventilation rate (VE) increases with age from 5 to 15 while ventilation rate

normalized by body surface area (EVR) decreases. Time spent outdoors is highest for ages 5 to

10 and around age 18, a result of the composition of the CHAD diaries. The ambient
                                         6E-8

-------
concentrations of Os exposed to while spending time outdoors is highest for ages 5 to 15.  The
four most influential of these factors on the relationship of FEVi decrement with age are the
decreasing adjusted MET and decreasing EVR (with increasing age), the high time spent
outdoors, and the high exposure concentration while outdoors.  These all lead to children having
higher FEVi decrements than adults.

       The graphs of boxplots by age on the following pages show the distribution of the factor
for each age.  The boxes indicate the 25* and 75* percentiles, the midlines  are the medians, and
the whiskers extend to the minima and maxima.  The graphs of single lines  are the 90*
percentiles for each age.  The factors are daily averages over hours 14 to 21 from an APEX
simulation of the Atlanta metropolitan area for April-June 2006 (10,000 profiles simulated, ages
5 to 35).

       VE is an increasing function of the exertion level as measured by META (among other
factors).  We see that while younger children (within the 5-18 age range) have higher CHAD
activity levels as measured by MET, they have lower exertion levels as measured by META.
This is primarily due to smaller maximum MET levels, smaller maximum VC>2, and smaller
MOXD for the younger children, which result in lower ventilation rates. Normalization of VE
by BSA results in higher levels of EVR for the younger children.  It is this factor (EVR) which
drives the trend for children we see in Figure 6E-2.
                                         6E-9

-------
     3-
     2-
 PQ
      5          10         15         20         25         30        35
                                       age
Figure 6E-6. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) BSA (m2) vs. age
2.0:
1.9-
1.8:

1.7:
1.6:
1.5-
f L4'
I 1.2-
? 1.1-
i i.o-
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
0.6-
0.5-
0.4-













\\


































































































































,

1


. J






•




1

1


.






•



,

1
1

























•











.










1



















1













|


1




















































































































































































































































                  10
15
20
age
25
30
35
Figure 6E-7. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) RMR (kcal/min) vs. age
                                         6E-10

-------
     12;"
     11;
     10:

 I   ^
 O   ,
 P   61
10
15
20
age
           25
                                30
                                                                        35
Figure 6E-8. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Maximum VO2 (L O2/min) vs. age
110-
100-
90-
80-
5s 70"
ti 60-
Q
o 5°-
^ 40-
30:
20-
,o;




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                   10
15
20
age
            25
                                 30
                                                      35
Figure 6E-9. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) MOXD (M-h) vs. age
                                         6E-11

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o
5
Pi
     16
     15
     14
     13
     12
     11
     10
      9
       5         10         15        20        25         30        35
                                      age
Figure 6E-10.  Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Recovery Time (hours) vs. age
     20;
     19;
     18:
 .3
     in
     10
 1   s
                 10
                           15
20
age
25
Figure 6E-11.  Distribution of Maximum MET vs. age
30
35
                                        6E-12

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Figure 6E-12. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Unadjusted MET vs. age

     3.71


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     3.5
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     3.2
     3.1-
     3.0-
                   10
15
20
age
25
30
35
Figure 6E-13. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Unadjusted MET (90th percentiles) vs. Age
                                         6E-13

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Figure 6E-14. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Adjusted MET vs. age


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     2.8
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     2.6^
                   10
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25
30
35
Figure 6E-15. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Adjusted MET (90th percentiles) vs. Age
                                          6E-14

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Figure 6E-16. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Ventilation Rate (L/min)  vs. age
     23-

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     16-

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     14-

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                  10
15
20
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25
30
35
Figure 6E-17. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Ventilation Rate (L/min) (90th percentiles) vs. Age
                                         6E-15

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25
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35
Figure 6E-19. Daily Average (hours 14-21) EVR (L/min/m2) (90th percentiles) vs. Age
                                         6E-16

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Figure 6E-20. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Time Outdoors (hours) vs. age
     3.6-
     3.5-
     3.4-
     3.3-

     3.1-
     3.0-
     2.9-
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     2.7-
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     2.5-
                   10
15
20
age
25
30
35
Figure 6E-21. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Time Outdoors (hours) (90th percentiles) vs. Age
                                          6E-17

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Figure 6E-22. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Exposure Outdoors (ppm) vs. age



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30
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Figure 6E-23. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Exposure Outdoors (ppm) (90th percentiles) vs. Age
                                        6E-18

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 1   Alternative Age Term For Children
 2          The results of an APEX simulation of the Atlanta 2006 base case (March 1 - October 30)
 3   using an alternative age term for children are presented in Table 6E-3. This age term is based on
 4   the assumption that the responsiveness of children to ozone is about the same as for young adults
 5   (ISA, 2012, p. 6-21) and the age term is set to the average age term over ages 18 to 35 (a,2 = 2.7,
 6   see Table 6-2). The alternative age term results in estimates that are lower, but not dramatically
 7   so. Most of the age effects are due to the factors discussed in the previous section.

 8   Table 6E-3. Percents of the population ages 5 to 18 with one or more days during the ozone
 9   season with lung function (FEVi) decrements more than 10,15, and 20% (Atlanta 2006
10   base case). MSS threshold model and MSS threshold model with alternative age term.
                                                  AFEVi> AFEVi> AFEVi >
                    Model                             10%     15%      20%
                    MSS                               31%       13%      6.4%
                    MSS, alternative age term             27%       10%      4.6%
11
12
13
                                             6E-19

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1
2
                                         6E-20

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1
2
3
4                         Appendix 6F

5

6            MSS Model Variability Term Sensitivities
7
                             6F-1

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 1   Comparison of APEX Simulation Results Using Monitors and Tracts Air Quality
 2          In the first draft REA, monitor-level air quality was provided as input to the APEX
 3   model. As discussed in Chapter 5, tract-level air quality was used in APEX for this second draft
 4   REA. Monitor-level air quality is used for the APEX simulations in this section, since these
 5   simulations take less time to run.  This does not affect the analyses here, since the two air quality
 6   formats yield very similar results, as can be seen by comparing Table 6F-1  with Table 6F-2.

 7          Tables 6F-1 through 6F-3 are based on Atlanta 2006 base case APEX simulations of
 8   200,000 individuals,  52,436 of which are children ages 5 to 18. These simulations all used the
 9   same random number seed to hold all variables constant except for the sensitivity variables.
10   Table 6F-4 is based on Atlanta 2006 base case APEX simulations of 50,000 individuals, all
11   children ages 5 to 18.

12   Table 6F-1. Percents of the population by age group with one or more days during the
13   ozone season with lung function (FEVi) decrements more than 10,15, and 20% (Atlanta
14   2006 base case). MSS Threshold model, monitors air quality.
                   Age     AFEVi  > AFEVi >  AFEVi >
                   Group       10%     15%      20%
                   5 to 18        31%      13%      6.4%
                    19 to 35        11%     3.1%      1.3%
                   36 to 55       3.7%    0.60%     0.14%
15
16   Table 6F-2.  Percents of the population by age group with one or more days during the
17   ozone season with lung function (FEVi) decrements more than 10,15, and 20% (Atlanta
18   2006 base case).  MSS Threshold model, tracts air quality.
                   Age       AFEVi > AFEVi >  AFEVi >
                   Group       10%     15%      20%
                   5 to 18        30%      12%      5.7%
                    19 to 35       11%     2.9%      1.1%
                   36 to 55      3.3%    0.50%     0.12%
19
                                             6F-2

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 1    MSS Model Variability Term Sensitivities
 2          The variability term has a Gaussian distribution with mean zero and variance 17.1 (in the
 3    threshold model) and is sampled daily for each simulated individual. Since the actual values are
 4    bounded, we have truncated the variability term distribution at ±2 standard deviations (±8.27), a
 5    convention we use for the distributions of several physiological variables input to APEX in the
 6    physiology input file. To look at the effect of truncating the variability distribution, we
 7    conducted simulations using the threshold model with this constraint removed. The results of
 8    this simulation are given in Table 6F-3.

 9          We see that this constraint has a very large effect on the results for percents of the
10    population with FEVi decrements > 10 and 15% and less of an effect for 20%. When fitting the
11    MSS model, the actual values of the variability term range from about -20 to 20.  If we truncate
12    the variability term distribution at ±12, 16, and 20, then the  corresponding simulation results for
13    ages 18 to 35 are given in Table 6F-4.

14          Clearly the variability term in the MSS model is a key parameter and is influential in
15    predicting the proportions of the population with FEVi decrements > 10, and  15%.  The
16    assumption that the distribution of this term is Gaussian is convenient for fitting the model, but is
17    not accurate. The extent to which this mis-specification affects the estimates of the parameters
18    of the MSS model and its predictions is not clear.
19

20    Table 6F-3. Percents of the population by age group with  one or more days during  the
21    ozone season with lung function (FEVi) decrements more than 10,15, and 20% (Atlanta
22    2006 base case). MSS Threshold model, monitors air quality, non-truncated Gaussian
23    variability term^
24

25
Age AFEVi > AFEVi > AFEVi >
Group 10% 15% 20%
5 to 18
19 to 35
36 to 55
92%
88%
87%
19%
7.5%
4.6%
7.1%
1.4%
0.22%
                                               6F-3

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1   Table 6F-4. Percents of the population ages 5 to 18 with one or more days during the ozone
2   season with lung function (FEVi) decrements more than 10,15, and 20% (Atlanta 2006
3   base case). MSS Threshold model, monitors air quality, variability term truncated at ±12,
4   16, 20, and no truncation limit.	
                            AFEVi>  AFEVi>  AFEVi >
                  £ijk limit      10%      15%     20%
                    ±8.27       38%      14%     6.8%
±12
±16
±20
no limit
92%
92%
92%
92%
15%
19%
19%
19%
7.1%
7.1%
7.1%
7.1%
                                           6F-4

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United States                              Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards             Publication No. EPA-452/P-14-004d
Environmental Protection                   Air Quality Strategies and Standards Division                                 February 2014
Agency                                           Research Triangle Park, NC

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