United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Radiation Programs
Non ionizing Radiation Branch
P.O. Box 18416
Las Vegas NV 89114-8416
EPA-520/6-85-021
June 1985
Radiation
cxEPA
Report on an
Automated
Calibration Range
for Broadband
Isotropic Probes
-------
Report on an Automated Calibration Range for
Broadband Isotropic Probes
Jerry Johnson
May 20, 1983
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Nonionizing Radiation Branch
Office of Radiation Programs
P.O. Box 18416
Las Vegas, NV 89114-8416
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DISCLAIMER
Although the work described in this document has been funded wholly by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency it has not been subjected to the
Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily
reflect the views of the Agency, No official endorsement should be inferred.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author of this report would like to acknowledge the assistance
provided by the following people:
Richard A.Tell, Physical Scientist, Branch Chief, NRB, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
Paul C. Gailey, Physical Scientist, NRB, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Edwin D. Mantiply, Physical Scientist, NRB, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Michael Molony, Computer Programmer, Computer Sciences Corporation
Lynne Keeton, Branch Secretary, NRB, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Arthur P. Udwigsen, Engineering Aide, NRB, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
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ABSTRACT
The Nonionizing Radiation Branch of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency conducts a program to assess environmental exposure levels of
radiofrequency fields and to develop regulatory standards to limit the
exposure of the general population to these fields. An essential element of
this program is the maintenance of an electromagnetic field measurement
instrumentation calibration and evaluation capability. This report describes
a development project of a standard gain horn anechoic range system for
evaluating the response of broadband, isotropic microwave measurement probes
to accurately known electromagnetic fields. This project involved the
development of a computer controlled system for generating, known
electromagnetic field intensities. This system provides a convenient and
accurate method to evaluate measurement probe response to microwave fields and
therefore establish uncertainty limits for instrument readings obtained in
hazard survey measurements.
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page 1
Abstract ii
Table of Contents I'M
List of Figures and Tables iv
Introduction 1
Purpose 1
Background 1
Objective 2
Standard Gain Horns 3
Approach to Calibration 3
Complications . 3
Equations 4
Gain Equation 6
Two Horn Technique 8
Theory 8
Equations 8
Procedures 10
Results 12
Range Reflections 14
Theory 14
Basic Procedure 14
Added Designs 17
Procedure for testing . 21
Operating Criterion 29
Criteria Number 1 • • 29
Criteria Number 2 29
Criteria Number 3 30
Criteria Number 4 ... 30
Overall Criterion 31
Computer Control . . 32
Basic Ideas 32
Calculations of Horn Gain and Power 32
Phase Locking Frequency 32
Setting Power 33
Rotating Probe and Making Measurements 39
Converting Values for Output 43
Overall System and Operation 45
Recommendations and Conclusions 30
Recommendations 50
Conclusions 50
Appendix A 51
Appendix B • 52
Appendix C 53
References 54
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1 - Standard Gain Horns 4
Figure 2 - Standard Gain Horn Dimension . 6
Figure 3 - Block Diagram of System Used for Two Horn Technique 11
Figure 4 - Theoretical Versus Experimental Gains of Horns , 13
Figure 5 - Shelves on Front Wall 15
Figure 6 - Anechoic Material . 16
Figure 7 - Test System for Range Reflections ........ 18
Figure 8 - Horn Support 19
Figure 9 - Probe Support 20
Figure 10 - Potentiometer Circuit Schematic 23
Figure 11 - Potentiometer Based Circuit for Distance 24
Figure 12 - Output Waveform of Potentiometer Circuit 25
Figure 13 - X-Y Plotter 26
Figure 14 - Drill Arrangement Used for Motor Drive 27
Figure 15 - Results of Range Reflection Test 28
Figure 16 - HP Model 8660B Synthesized Signal Generator ... 34
Figure 17 - HP Model 8709A Synchronizer 35
Figure 18 - TWT's 36
Figure 19 - Buffer Amplifier Circuit Schematic 37
Figure 20 - Buffer Amplifier ... 38
Figure 21 - HP Model 9F45B Computer 40
Figure 22 - HP Model 8495 Step Attenuator 41
HP Model 11713A Attenuator Driven 41
HP Model 59303A Digital to Analog Converter . 41
HP Model 436A Power Meters 41
Figure 23 - HAM Model IV Rotator 42
Figure 24 - HP Model 59306A Relay Actuator .... 44
HP Model 59313A Analog to Digital Converter 44
CDE Rotator Control 44
Figure 25 - General Block Diagram of Overall System . 46
Table 1 - List of Correct Equipment for Corresponding Frequency Bands . 47
Figure 26 - Typical Horn Probe Arrangement ........... 49
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PURPOSE OF PROJECT AND INTRODUCTION
An integral function of the Nonionizing Radiation Branch (NRB) of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is the measurement of
intense electromagnetic fields to which the population may be exposed. The
devices most commonly used for these measurements are broadband
electromagnetic hazard survey meters, such as the Narda Model 8616
electromagnetic radiation monitor with a Narda Model 8621 broadband isotropic
probe. It is important to determine the absolute accuracy of these
electromagnetic (EM) hazard survey meters for measuring microwave fields, when
exposed to a variety of electromagnetic radiation environments* It was
decided that development of an in-house calibration and evaluation system was
necessary to accomplish such evaluations. This report documents the
development of a computer automated system for generating accurately known
microwave field intensities and provides some limited test data which
illustrate the practical application of the system.
Before the subject of EM calibration is discussed, a brief discussion of
the broadband radiation monitor (BRM) is necessary. A BRM is an instrument
which may be handheld and operated from it's own power source. Such a device
usually outputs an analog signal indicating the power density or field
strength of the field it is exposed to in it's frequency range. Because of
their practical application in assessing possible microwave radiation hazards,
they are being employed in greater numbers, often by relatively inexperienced
personnel.
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There are three practical approaches to establishing EM calibration
fields: transverse electromagnetic (TEMJ cells, waveguides, and standard gain
horn anechoic range systems. These three types of systems can overlap in
frequency ranges depending upon their physical sizes. This report will
concentrate on the standard gain horn anechoic range system operating in the
frequency range of approximately 2 to 12.4 GHz. It's operation will perform
the field generation, data acquisition, and BRM calibration.
To date, much of the work has been done on automating and characterizing
the standard gain horn anechoic range system, although some system components
still require standard laboratory calibrations to increase confidence in the
system's results.
This report documents field strength expressions applied, theoretical and
experimental gains of the horns used, measurements of calibration parameters
of system components, a system description, testing, and a sample application
of the automated standard gain horn anechoic range calibration system.
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STANDARD GAIN HORNS
A commonly used approach to calibrating RF monitors at frequencies above
1 GHz is to generate a calculable field using standard gain horn antennas.
These antennas are configured as pyramidal horns (see Figure 1). The
pyramidal horn near-field gain is necessary because the power levels that
would enable calibration to take place in the far-field would typically exceed
1 kW. A simple formula for calculating near-field gain is then a requirement.
Some complications arise when trying to calculate the field strength in
the near-field. The label for this complication is near-zone gain reduction.
The electromagnetic field across the horn aperture has more of a spherical
shape then a plane wave shape. The phase at the rim of the horn lags that at
the center of the horn. This causes a nonequiphase front across the aperture
which in turn reduces the horns effective gain in the near-field region. In
the far-zone region of the antenna, plane-wave conditions exist and:
where:
P = Power delivered to the transmitting antenna, watts,
G = Gain of the horn,
d = Distance from the antenna aperture to the field point, meters,
o
S = On-axis power density of the radiated field, W/nr.
Fresnel integrals are sometimes used for solving problems in optics and
fields near aperture antennas. These integrals are very complex and cannot be
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Figure 1. Picture showing the series of standard gain horns to
be used in this project
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evaluated easily without a computer. Mathematical approximations have also
been given for the Fresnel integrals. Some of these approximations involve
infinite series expansions, and some others involve combinations of
trigonometric and algebraic functions. Recently a short paper was published
by £. V. Jull which gave tables of values for near-zone gain reduction factors
of pyramidal horns. Jull's technique begins with an equation for the far-zone
gain of a rectangular in-phase aperture. Then, two individual factors, RH
and RE, are generated for the gain reduction due to the H-plane and E-plane
flare of the horn.
E, B. Larson recently did some work in this area of concern. He
generated simple polynomial expressions, similar to the algebraic equations
which have been published for approximating the Fresnel integrals, for
determining these R,, and R^ factors. The horn dimensions that are needed
for this calculation are shown in Figure 2. The dimensions have been
normalized to wavelengths by letting:
h H F
B = f- , LM « -v , L - -f , and
A n A A
Where:
a, b, 1,,, and 1- * Horn dimensions, meters,
d = Distance from the horn aperture to the field point, meters, and
\ = Free-space wavelength, meters.
(2)
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Figure 2. Standard gain horn dimensions used in computation of near-field
gain Ctaken from Larsen {1979}].
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After determining:
the two gain reduction factors RH and Re are then, in dB:
RH « (Q.Ola) (1 + 10.19« + O.Sla2 - 0.09703} (4)
(Due to H-plane flare of horn)
RE = (O.lB ) (2.31 + 0.0536} (5)
(Due to E-plane flare of horn).
The final equation for the theoretical gain of the horn (near zone or far
zone) is given by Larsen as:
Gain, dB = 10 Log (AB) + 10.08 - RH - RE. (6)
During this project a computer program was developed to generate values
of gain of the horns to be used as transmitting antennas. This BASIC program
is listed in Appendix A. The program calculates gain at any distance and any
frequency using equations 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. It also plots the gain in a
cartesian coordinate system. Some typical runs of the program may also be
seen in Appendix A.
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THE TWO HORN TECHNIQUE
To build confidence in the method for calculating near-field gains it
became necessary to generate some experimental data on the gain of the horns
to be used in the actual calibration range systems. A commonly known method
referred to as the two horn or two identical antenna technique was used to
test the data obtained from the program. Briefly, this technique envolves
using two horns that have identical dimensions. With identical dimensions the
gains of the two horns are identical. One horn is used as a transmitter and
the other is used as a receiver. An algebraic expression is then used to
derive the experimental gain of both horns. The gain of the horns is directly
related to the power transmitted by one horn and the power received by the
other horn.
The power density, S, in the direction of maximum radiation from a
transmitting antenna is given in equation (1).
Solving Eq. (1) for P, yields:
2
p _—L_—L_ where: 6 =tgain of the transmitting (7)
* bt l horn
A similar expression exists for the power received:
2
p = „?_ where: G =ngain of the receiving horn (8)
R
Relating Eq. (7, 8} to voltage and impedance yields:
» PtZ . 4trd2Sr/Gt (9)
VR = PRZ . 47rdSr/GR = PArZ (10)
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Where:
Z = impedance, ohms,
Vt = transmitting voltage, volts,
V« = received voltage, volts,
2
Ar = effective radiating area, cm ,
P = net power, watts.
When the ratio of the transmitting and receiving voltages are formed from
equations (9) and (10), the results are:
__
V
4Trd2Sr/Gt
_ — _ — _
5r Ar r
When:
A. » receiving antenna aperture area, meters .
2
When substituting Ar = \ Gr/4ir into equation (11), equation (11)
becomes:
when: G »
(12)
R
(13)
By using Vt = Ptr and Vp = P^r equation (13) becomes:
(14)
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Equation H is applied in order to obtain, by measurement of Pt and
PD» the gain of the antenna. The system set-up is shown in figure 3. The
test area is between two anechoic walls to achieve no erratic data due to
unwanted reflections.
The test is run for each desired frequency. Above 1 GHz it is generally
only necessary to run the test in 1 GHz steps. The following step-by-step
procedure was used to derive the experimental gain of the transmitting and
receiving antennas:
1. Adjust the RF level of the RF generator until a reading is obtained
from the receiving antenna.
2. Adjust the alignment of the horns until a maximum receiver reading is
obtained.
3. Take measurements of forward power and received power.
4. Make a measurement of the distance from the aperture of the
transmitting antenna to the aperture of the receiving antenna.
5. Use equation (14) to derive a value of gain.
6, Starting from approximately 2 wavelengths distance between the
antennas, measurements should be made at approximately 1 wavelength distance
increments.
10
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8620C
sweep
oscillator
8481A
sensor
1/2 inch heliax cable
3095 directional coupler
3095 directional coupler
3481A sensor
Figure 3- Block diagram of system used to derive experimental
gain of horn antennas
11
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This test was made at a frequency of 10 GHz. Two Narda Model 640 horns
were used. The results obtained from experimentation are plotted in Figure
4. The solid line in the plot represents the theoretical gain of the Narda
Model 640 horn as obtained from application of Equation 6. The segmented
curve represents the data obtained from the two horn gain measurement
technique. At three wavelength distance between the apertures, the
experimental data disagrees with the theoretical data by approximately 0.8 dB.
At five wavelengths distance between the apertures the experimental data
disagrees with the theoretical data by approximately 0.3 dB. At the
wavelengths greater than six wavelengths, the experimental gain data appears
to follow the theoretical data with errors so small they become negligible.
The data plotted in Figure 4 are assumed to be representative of theoretically
and experimentally obtained near-field gains to be used in the calibration
range. Duplicates of every horn size were not available, so experimental
gains could not be generated for every horn.
12
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TWO HORN TECHNIQUE USING TWO NARDA 640 HORNS
@ lOGHz
16
.... Theoretical
.... Experimental
15
(dB) 14
ra
bo
C
M
o
01
4.J
C
01
11
n.
CO
3
03
tt
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RANGE REFLECTIONS
The range 1s basically two walls that are mounted on wheels to enable
easy movement of the walls. The front wall has shelves mounted on it to
support the equipment used for generation and measurement of the signal used
to create the electromagnetic fields. See Figure 5. The inside face of the
walls are covered with an anechoic material which is specified to be
relatively non-reflective. See Figure 6. The space between the two walls is
the medium in which the field is to be propogated. The front wall is
approximately 8 feet high and 4 feet wide. The back wall is approximately 8
feet high and 8 feet wide.
The physical existence of environmental surroundings can create many
errors in determination of the absolute field intensity of microwave fields.
Reflections were of a main concern in the project and substantial effort was
expended to quantify the influence of reflections. Such reflections can come
from a variety of sources such as the floor, the laboratory, and the anechoic
walls. Because the antennas used are highly directive, typically possessing a
23 degree beam width at the 3 dB (half-power) points, there is not as much of
a need to center attention to reflections other than those that exist due to
the anechoic material. A test procedure is then needed to evaluate these
range reflections.
The basic approach used in evaluating range reflections was to hold the
receiving probe at a constant distance from the aperture of the horn antenna
and move the receiving wall with respect to the other wall and observe
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Figure 5. Picture showing the shelves on the front wall used to
support the equipment.
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Figure 6. Picture showing the anechoic material.
16
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variations in the field intensity as seen by the measurement probe. In this
case the absolute calibration of the probe is unimportant because it is simply
being used as relative indicator of the degree of reflections caused by the
anechoic walls. The overall system to evaluate the range reflections is shown
in figure 7.
To facilitate the range reflection tests, three additional devices had to
be designed, built, and incorporated into the system used to evaluate these
reflections. The first of these devices was a nonconductive horn support that
was capable of supporting up to 50 Ibs, The second device was a support to
mount the probe at a constant distance from the horn. This probe support was
to be nonconductive and be made of material that was nonperturbing to the
electromagnetic field. The third addition to the system was a circuit capable
of outputting a voltage proportional to the distance that the range walls
moved with respect to each other.
Wood was used to build the horn support. Figure 8 shows the dimensions
of the support. Because no nails, screws, or bolts could be used, wooden
dowls and wood glue were used to attach the support members together. The
platform of the support is variable in height and in angle to accomodate the
different sized horns. A cushion pad was connected to the platform in order
to increase the friction between the horn and the support such that slipping
of the horn would be eliminated. This support can move independent or
dependent of the anechoic wall thus allowing a maximum flexibility in its use.
The probe support was constructed from styrofoam. Styrofoam is a
material that has little effect on electromagnetic fields. Figure 9 shows the
17
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Sweep
oscillator
Step
attenuated
-control
b
1/2" Heliax cble
Step attenuator
P 1/2'
Heliax cable
TWT
coupler
Power sensor
Power
meter
Power
meter
Power sensor
Figure ?. System used to test for
range reflections.
Horn antenna
Probe
o
Field
intensity
meter
Recorder
output
Ordinate input
Abscissa input
Potentiometer device
18
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57'
Table top is variable in
vertical angle up to 90°
and variable in height up
to 18 additional inches
o
T
24"
\^\
\
\
\
2
N
p.
3,5"
/
Figure 3. Sketch of horn support used in overall system showing
key dimensions
19
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8'x 2'x 4'
1,5"
Diam.
0
36.5 !
8.25"
I
Figure 9. Styrafoam probe support used ±n reflection test system
20
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probe support. The styrafoam housing was mounted on a 2 X 4 by which it could
be attached to the range and thus be held a constant distance from the horn.
The last addition to this system, besides all the necessary
instrumentation, was a potentiometer based circuit that when moved along the
floor output DC voltages that were proportional to the distance traveled. A
circuit schematic is shown in Figure 10. A wooden wheel was mounted right on
the shaft of the potentiometer. When this wheel was rolled along the floor
the resistor divider changed, thus changing the output voltage. A simple AC
to DC power supply was used to supply the necessary voltage to the circuit.
Figure 11 is a picture of the device. Figure 12 shows a graph of the output
voltage versus the distance traveled. This circuit is to be used to produce
voltage for the abscissa coordinate of an X-Y plotter which is shown in Figure
13.
The following procedure was followed when obtaining data from the range
reflection tests:
1. Set up the system as shown in Figure 7.
2. Adjust the output level of the sweep oscillator until approximately
o
10 mW/cm of power density exists at the probe.
3. Using a motor drive or pulling the wall by hand, move the walls with
respect to each other. Care should be taken to move the walls as slow and
constant as possible. The system used to perform the motor drive is shown in
Figure 14.
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4. Repeat this procedure for as many frequencies as is desired.
As will be observed the most severe reflections occur at lower
frequencies. The reason for this is that the anechoic material is a more
efficient nonreflector at higher frequencies than at lower frequencies.
Appendix B contains the specifications of the AAP-18 anechoic material that
was used in this project as well as the data that was obtained from the range
reflection tests. Figure 15 is a graph of the results obtained from the
experimental evaluation of the range reflections. The equations used to
derive the errors are:
S S
10 log ( max/ mean} = + dB error (15)
10 log (Smin/Smean) . - dB error (16)
where:
S 2
mean = Mean value of field intensity, mW/cm ,
S 2
max - Maximum deviation from the mean, rnW/cm ,
S ?
min = Minimum deviation from the mean, mW/cm .
22
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AC power cord
AC to
DC power
supply
10 kohm
Potentiometer
Voltage Output
Figure 10. Simple potentiometer circuit used in reflection
test system
23
-------
r5
1 K | . , -'^ *•
Figure 11, Picture of the potentiometer based circuit used to help
plot distance in the reflection tests
24
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< o
O f
t- H
rt 5>
0) CJ
O
b
o
*
o
JO
o
H
t— i
O
z
Cfl
Figure 12, Hot of output voltage of potentiometer circuit
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Figure 13. Picture showing the x-y plotter used to plot results from
the reflection tests
26
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Figure 14. Picture showing drill arrangement used to push and pull
the front wall during the reflection tests
27
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+0.2
+0.1 —
vdB)
0.00
-0.1 -
-0.2 -4
ERRORS DUE TO STANDING WAVES
.18
• L
6
^m, *
8
^- -.1
.08
«•
3" -.12
-.15
-.17
- 720
- .21
to
OJ
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(U
M
0)
(3D
C
0
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to
01
£
I
oo
IN
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
FREQUENCY (GHz)
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OPERATING CRITERION
The basic operating criteria are crucial to the successful operation of
the calibration range. The four criteria to be concerned about are the horn
arrangement, the probe orientation, the distance from horn to probe, and the
power capabilities. Each one of these aspects will be examined separately and
then an overall set of criterion will be arrived at.
The horn arrangement is a crucial factor. If the probe is emersed in the
field out of the main beam, the results will be erroneous. It is of extreme
importance that the probe is placed, as accurately as possible, on axis with
the horn antenna. Equation 1 will not apply if this criterion is not met.
A way to proceed in meeting this criterion is to first set up the horn
and probe by visual inspection. Then, being as accurate as possible, adjust
the height to the center of the aperture of the horn antenna to match that of
the height to the center of the probe. Use a level to adjust the vertical
levelness of the horn. Last, adjust the horizontal angle of the horn such
that it is directed precisely on line with the probe. An easy way to adjust
the horizontal angle is to generate a small power density at the probe and
then adjust the horizontal angle by moving the horn until a maximum power is
received by the probe.
The second crucial factor is the probe orientation. Probe orientation in
this text refers to the distance from the back wall to the probe. As was
discussed in the range reflection section of this report, range reflections
29
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Introduce certain errors in accurately knowing the field intensity. Because
testing was used to determine how severe these reflections are these errors
can be incorporated into the maximum allowable error for the entire system.
The ideal situation as far as eliminating these reflections is to have the
back wall at an infinite distance from the probe. Physical and real
limitations tell us that this is not possible. A set distance will be arrived
at in the overall criterion.
The third criterion to be met is the distance from the horn to the
probe. Here, as in range reflections, it would be ideal to place the probe at
some infinite distance from the horn aperture. This would put the probe in
the far field and the errors concerning the gain calculation would be
neglegable. Once again, real and physical limitations do not allow this. To
keep the gain calculation errors below 0.3 dB the probe will have to be placed
at least 3 wavelengths away from the horn. This will be the initial criterion
for this possible error.
The last crucial factor to be concerned about is the net power
capabilities. The traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers used in this project
are typically capable of outputting as low as 21 watts, and as high as 44
2
watts. Because the field intensity approximately follows the 1/d
proportionality rule, it is not possible for very intense fields to be
generated at large distances.
2
Typically fields as intense as 10 mW/cm will need to be generated. If
a typical gain of 30 and a distance of 1 meter is used, 42 watts would be
required to generate that intense of a field. This is near the maximum output
of the TWT. The worst case in this project is the low frequency end.
30
-------
At 2 GHz the wavelength is 15 era. To comply with the third criterion the
calibration will have to be done at least 45 centimeters away from the horn.
2
The power required to produce a 10 mW/cm intensity would be about 10
watts. This is well within the limits of the TWT.
Knowing this, the criterion decided at is that the probe calibration
begin 4 wavelengths from the aperture of the horn antenna. The probe should
be placed at 40 to 45 centimeters from the back wall. This will introduce an
error of about .45 dB to the calibration. The determination of one set of
distances for all the frequency bands is desirable. to meet this
desirability, the distance from the aperture of the horn to center of the
probe would be 50 centimeters. This should make it possible to generate the
desired fields over the entire 2 to 12.4 GHz frequency range.
31
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COMPUTER CONTROL
Manually controlled calibration would be a lengthy and tedious project.
A computer controller will then be enlisted to facilitate ease and speed of
the calibration process. The HP Model 98458 computer will be employed to
perform five major functions in the calibration process. The first function
for the computer to perform is the calculation of horn gain and the
calculation of the net power to be transmitted to the horn to produce the
desired field intensity. Phase locking the frequency will be the computers
second function. The third function to be performed will be to set the power
that is to be transmitted to the horn. The fourth function will be to rotate
the probe and make measurements off the field intensity as derived from the
BRM. The last function will then be to convert the values taken during the
rotation for plotting the dB error of the probe. Each of these functions will
be examined individually.
Calculation of the horn gain will be done exactly as it was done in the
discussion of standard gain horns in this report. Equations 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
will be used to perform calculation of the horn gains. The net power will
then be calculated using equation 1 and the gain that is determined by
equation 6. The program will then determine, using the calibrating factors
for the coupling devices and attenuators that are predetermined, how much
power in dB that the forward and reflected power meters must read for the
appropriate field to be generated.
The next function for the computer to perform is to phase lock the
frequency. The computer will determine exactly what frequency should be
32
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generated by the HP Node! 8660B synthesized signal generator that is to be
transmitted to the HP Model 8709A sychronizer to produce the desired harmonic
frequency by which the desired output frequency is to be locked. Figures 16
and 17 show pictures of the HP Model 8660B and HP Model 8709A. The harmonic
signal that is produced is then input to the phase lock connector on the back
of the HP Model 8620C sweep oscillator. This will then lock the output
frequency such that no drifting occurs which may cause different RF levels.
The HP Model 8620C is also told, by the computer via the IEEE 488 interface
bus, what the output frequency is.
Now the computer has to set the output power. This can be a real problem
because the RF level on the HP Model 862QC is not controllable through the
IEEE 488 interface bus. The technique I will use to perform this function is
to use two different types of attenuators to control the power that is input
to the TWT. A picture showing the three TWT's to be used in the project can
be seen in Figure 18. The course adjustment will be done with the use of a 10
dB step attenuator, and the fine adjustment will be done through the use of a
pin modulator which has been set to vary from approximately 0 dB to 15 dB.
Because the pin modulators are not very wide band instruments, three different
pin modulators will have to be used depending on frequency. The pin
modulators are a current controlled device so an additional buffer type of
amplifier had to be designed.
After some experimentation, 1t was determined that controlling the
voltage supplied to the control port of the pin modulators works well enough
for the purpose of controlling the attenuation. Figure 19 is a circuit
schematic of the amplifier that was designed for this purpose. Figure 20 is a
picture of the actual unit that was built for this purpose.
33
-------
Figure 16. Picture showing signal generator used to phase lock
fcequency H? model 8660B located in bottom center
34
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Figure 17, HP model 8?09A located at the top center
35
-------
Figure 18. Picture showing the series of TWTs used in this project
36
-------
6 2 ohm
<• 4**
*
lOkohm
o -15V
out
Ikohm
Figure 19. Circuit schematic of buffer amplifier used to
control the pin modulators
37
-------
38
-------
The HP Model 98458 computer shown In Figure 21 begins the power setting
routine by making an intelligent guess, as specified by the program, as to
what values the step attenuator and pin modulator are to have. The step
attenuator used is an HP Model 8495H attenuator with an HP Model 11713A
attenuator driver. The HP Model 11713A is an IEEE 488 controllable unit. The
three different pin modulators to be used are listed in Table 1. The buffer
amplifier, which controls the pin modulators, is controlled by an HP Model
59303A digital to analog converter. All of the units previously named can be
seen in Figure 22. As the adjustments in attenuation are made, the computer
continually makes measurements of the power meters connected to the forward
and reflected ports of the coupler. The power meters used are HP Model 436A
power meters with HP Model 8481A power sensors. A binary search algorithm is
used by the computer to tell whether the proper power readings are obtained to
produce the desired field intensity. The computer must change the attenuators
back and forth to adjust the proper power input to the TWT. During the first
attempt to set the power the mismatch is calculated so that the computer can
determine how much the power must be increased due to the fact that
reflections occur at the horn antenna. When the desired power is finally set,
the computer locks the values needed controlling the attenuator driver and the
digital to analog converter. These are the two units that ultimately control
the attenuators which in turn control the power to the TWT which in turn
controls the power that is delivered to the horn antenna.
Rotating the probe in the field is the next important step. A HAM model
IV rotator is used to perform this function. See Figure 23. The rotator
control is switched on and off by the use of an HP Model 59306A relay
39
-------
Figure 21. Picture of HP nodel 9»5B computer used ** controller
40
-------
Figure 22. Hp model 8495 step attenuator located at bottom center
HP model 11713A attenuator driver located second from the top right
hand corner, HP model 593^3^ digital to analog converter located at
the top right hand corner, Two HP model 436A power meters located at
the top left hand corner
41
-------
Figure 23. Picture showing the HAM model IV rotator used to
rotate the probe
42
-------
actuator. The relay actuator is an IEEE 488 controllable unit. Because the
rotator control is always on during operation, it needs merely to be switched
on and off by the relay actuator to initiate a rotation. The first rotation
of the probe always starts in the clockwise direction. Each successive
rotation then is made in an alternating fashion. The angle of rotation is a
full 360 . During this rotation approximately 600 measurements of the field
intensity are made.
Measurements of the field intensity are made with the use of an HP Model
59313A analog to digital converter. Figure 24 shows a picture of the relay
actuator, the analog to digital converter, and the rotator control. The
selected dynamic range of the input to the channel that is being used is 0.0
to 3.5 volts. This channel is fed by the recorder output of the BRM that is
being calibrated. A conversion is then made so that the computer can
determine what field intensity the probe appears to sense. This approach also
yields data which can be examined for the isotropicity characteristics of the
probe.
Now that the data has all been collected the computer then coverts the
data obtained and determines the dB error of the probe. These results are
output as dB error plots of individual frequencies, tables of dB errors, and a
summary plot of dB errors for all the frequencies that were done.
A3
-------
Figure 24. Picture showing HP model 59306A relay actijator (middle center),
HP model 59313A analog to digital converter (bottom center), and CDE
rotator control (middle lefthand side)
-------
OVERALL SYSTEH AND OPERATION
The overall system can be seen in Figure 25. Those devices which have
asterisks next to them have to be changed depending upon what frequency band
is to be used. Table 1 is a table of the five frequency bands and the
appropriate devices to be used corresponding to those frequency bands. When
running the system care has to be taken to align the probe and horn properly.
Figure 2 is a picture of one such alignment. All of the necessary equipment
must be turned on. Then, the operator merely runs the "Horngo" program and
answers the questions that are asked by the computer. A listing of the
program as well as some illustrative runs are shown in Appendix C.
As can be seen in a typical run, the computer outputs much information
dealing with the calibration. Along with listing the probe and BRM used it
also shows what field intensity that was set. The first plots that are output
are plots of the measurements made during a rotation. The first table that is
output is a table of the frequencies, the average power read by the BRM, the
highest value read by the BRM, the lowest value read by the BRM, and the
high-low error. The second table output by the computer is a list of the
preset errors and the post power errors due to drift at the corresponding
frequencies. The last plot output by the computer is a plot of the overall
errors, in dB, of the frequency band that the calibration was done at. This
last plot is referred to as a summary plot.
-------
, HP 9845B
| Computer
i •<
i
/
i
IEEE
488
i
1
S
\ r
i
! K.HP
^ 59306A
Relay
^ HP 59313^
"1 A/D
Convertoi
* - refer to table 1 for appropriate
device to be used corresponding
to the selected frequency band
12v supply
r
i
_ .__ .A .
t
i
^ HP 8660B
^ Signal
generator
}
HP
37203A
Extender
1 CDE Rotator control
• — "'™ "™ "' " * 1
i
BRM !
*
Horn jn^"f
/—^ f ,
^**w Han IV
1/2" Heliax ^ Rota,or
CouDler HP H4SIA Fower sensors i
HP
37203A
Extender
>
i
IEEE
488
i
1
i
^
I-
87
^ HP 8620C
Osci
IXJHP inn/
"^^ Attenuate, i
driver
,. HP 59303H1
i^D/A j
Convert or!
f , i
-1 \ i '
1/2" Heliax
09A s>'acllluulliel
t
* !
TUT
. : 1
llator. „„ „,„..„ . __
m oH^jii if^" cortex
./ Step attenuator
PI .- _ ., •
4 1
j 1 1
i — i - . * ,
Pin modulator i
_™,, j
,. „,„, ^_^ __ TTTI ' n^ ^ ii^p ^^A^
-— — -• — HP 4J(»A I'tl -4JDA
Buff-jr amplifier Power {rower
•aer/r !^Tl^^fiI;
] ±I5v supplv i\ L'~
II
Figure 25. Block diagram of general overall system
46
-------
Table 1. List of appropriate equipment for corresponding
frequency bands
FREQUENCY (GHz)
EQUIPMENT
2.0 - 2.6
TWT - Hughes model 1277H S Band
Coupler - Narda model 3022 bidirectional
coupler with Narda lOdB
attenuator on forward port
S/N 03508
Antenna - Narda model 645 standard gain
horn
Pin Modulator - HP model 8732B pin
modulator
2.6 - 3.95
TWT - Hughes model 1277H S Band
Coupler - Narda model 3022 bidirectional
coupler with Narda lOdB
attenuator on forward port
S/N 03508
Antenna - Narda model 644 standard gain
horn
Pin Modulator - HP model 8732B pin
modulator
3.95 - 5.50
TWT - Hughes model 1277H C Band
Coupler - Narda model 3024 bidirectional
coupler with Narda lOdB
attenuator on forward port
S/N 03482
Antenna - Narda model 643 standard gain
horn r
Pin Modulator - HP model 8733B pin
modulator
5.50 - 8.2
TWT - Hughes model 1277H C Band
Coupler - Narda model 3024 bidirectional
coupler with Narda lOdB
attenuator on forward port
S/N 03482
Antenna - Narda model 642 standard gain
horn
Pin Modulator - HP model 8733B pin
modulator
-------
eoue ' bai
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
As was stated In the beginning of this report, some of the devices used
in this project need to be calibrated in order to build confidence in the
results. The coupling devices and attenuators used to measure the power
delivered to the horn need to be calibrated first. All other information
given in this report will still apply as far as errors are concerned.
When performing the calibration, care must be taken to make sure that the
criterion, stated in the operation criterion section of this report, is met.
When horn arrangement, or probe orientation, or gain calculation, or power
output capabilities do not carefully adhere to the criterion, erroneous
results will be obtained from calibration test runs.
This procedure turns out to be a relatively good way to perform
calibration of Broadband Radiation Monitors. The maximum errors in the
overall system are * 1.0 dB. In real life situations this is a reasonable
error. These errors can be much worse if the procedures and criterion
outlined in this report are not used. The same sequence of events documented
in this report can be used to include frequencies as low as 1 GHz and as high
as 40 GHz.
50
-------
APPENDIX A
LISTING OF HORN GAIN PROGRAM
AND
TVPICAL HORN GAINS
51
-------
-------
10 OPTION BASE i
20 PRINTER IS 7,1
30 OVERLAP
40 DIM GrattliS]
50 SHORT Db(lSOO),Gain,Min_freq,Max_freq
65 EXIT GRAPHICS
70 Nhorn=8
80 DEC
90 INPUT "Enter the Horn you wish to analyze?",Horn
100 RESTORE
110 FOR 1=1 TO Nhorn
120 READ Thorn,Al,B1,Lh,Le,Min_freq,Max_freq
130 IF Horn=Thorn THEN 200
1-10 NEXT I
ISO BEEP
160 DISP "Horn t'^Horn^'net found."
170 RESTORE
ISO WAIT 3000
190 GOTO 90
200 PRINT PAGEj"Dimensions for Horn #";HornjLINC1)
210 PRINT " A =">Ali" B =%B1;" Lh =">Lh>" Le =%Le>LIN(.l)
220 PRINT " Frequency Range= ">Min_freq>"TO">Max_freq>"GHz"
230 INPUT "Enter the Start, Finish, and Increwent Distances (Meters)?",Ds,Df,D
INPUT "Enter the Start, Finish, and Inere«ent Frequencies in GHz?",Sf,Ff,1
PRINT LIN(l)/'Gains will be Calculated Starting fron">Ds>"to"jDf>"in Steps
of'jDi
260 IF (Sf>=Hin freq) AND (Ff<-Max_freq> THEN 310
270 BEEP
280 DISP "Frequency out of the range for Horn *">Horn
290 WAIT 3000
300 GOTO 240
310 Bin=3
320 INPUT "Do you want to Print/Plot",Bin
330 Print=BIT(Bin,0)
340 Plot=BIT(Bin,l)
350 2=35
360 C=3.0E10
370 FOR Freq=Sf TO Ff STEP If
380 K=i
381 Q=i
382 P=0
390 FOR J=Ds TO Df STEP Di
400 IF NOT Print THEN 480
410 IF MOD Z THEN 480
420 IF P THEN PRINT PAGE
430 PRINT LINCDi "Frequency =" >Freq > "GHz " }LIN ( 2)
440 PRINT " Distance Gain Gain Ratio"
450 PRINT " (Meters) (dB)"jLIN(i)
460 P=P+1
461 Q=i
470 IF P=2 THEN Z=40
480, L=C/(Freq*i.O£9)
490 Ad=Al/L
500 Bd=Bl/L
510 Alh=Lh/L
520 D=J/L*iOO
530 Ale=Le/L
-------
S40 Alpha=AdA2*(i/Alh+i/D)
550 Beta=BdA2*
560 Rh=.Oi*Alpha*
570 Re=.i*BetaA2*(2.3i+, QS3#Beta>
580 Gain=iO*LGT(Ad*Bd)4-10 . 08-Rh-Re
590 Grat=iOA
600 IF Print THEN PRINT USING 61Q>J,Gain,Grat
610 IMAGE 4X,DDD.DD,7X,DD.DD,8X,DDD.DD
620 Db AND Print THEN PRINT
640 K=K+i
641 Q=Q+i
650 NEXT J
660 IF NOT Plot THEN 1070
670 Plot* PLOTTER IS "9872A"
680 GRAPHICS
690 REDIM Db
700 LOCATE 10,115,10,90
710 Yftax=2Q
720 Yinc=5
730 SCALE 0,Df,0,Yfiax
740 Dii=Df/4
750 AXES Dii,Yinc,G,Q
760 FRAME
770 K-i
780 LORG 5
790 FOR I=Ds TO Df STEP Di
800 PLOT I,Db
81.0 K=K + i
820 NEXT I
822 CSIZE 3
830 FOR 1=0 TO Df STEP Dii
840 MOVE I,-.8
850 LABEL USING "*,DZ.DD";I
860 NEXT I
870 LORG 8
880 Yc=(Ds-Df)*.02
890 FOR 1 = 0 TO Yctax STEP Yinc
900 HOME Yc,I
910 LABEL USING "*,MDD"iI
920 NEXT I
940 LORG 5
950 CSIZE 4,8/15,15
960 MOVE Df/2,Y«ax*1.10
970 LABEL USING "*,K">"GAIN PLOT FOR HORN *"iHorn
980 CSIZE 3.3
990 MOVE Df/2,-2
1000 LABEL USING "*,K"}"Distance (Meters)"
1010 MOVE Df/2,Y«ax*i.05
1020 LABEL USING "*,K%"Frequency » MjFreq>" GHz"
1030 LDIR 90
1040 MOVE -Df*.08,YMax/2
1050 LABEL USING "i,K'V'Gain
-------
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
U90
1200
1210
1220
j
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
END
638 ,
639,
640,
642,
643,
644,
645,
646,
3.73,
S.S6,
7.35,
11.25,
15.25,
23.1,
3S.1,
53.1,
H.93,
4.28,
S.S,
8.3,
11.25,
17.2,
25.95,
39.25,
6
9
13
19
27
40
62
92
.90,
.56,
.094,
.946,
.731,
.476,
.122,
.771,
S
9
10
17
23
34
53
79
.94,
.26,
.991,
.448,
.186,
.914,
.113,
.947,
18.
12.
8.
5.
3.
2.
1.
i.
00,
40,
20,
40,
95,
60,
70,
12,
26.5
18.0
12.4
6.2
5.8S
3.95
2.6
1.7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Le = 53.113
Dimensions for Horn # 645
A - 35.1 B - 25.95 Lh * 62,122
Frequency Range; 1.7 TO 2.6 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting fro« .15 to 1 in Steps of .01
Frequency - 2 GHz
Gain Ratio
6.52
7.62
B.72
9.81
10.88
11.91
12.91
13.87
14.79
15.66
16.49
17.28
18.03
18.74
19.41
20.04
20.65
21,22
21.76
22.27
22.76
23.22
23.66
24.07
24.47
24. 8S
25.21
25.55
25.88
26. 19
26.49
26.77
27.04
27.30
27.55
Distance
(Heters)
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
,42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
Gain
8.14
8.82
9.40
9.92
10.36
10.76
11.11
11.42
11.70
11.95
12.17
12.38
12.56
12.73
12.88
13.02
13. 15
13.27
13.38
13.48
13.57
13.66
13.74
13.82
13.89
13.95
14.02
14.07
14.13
14.18
14.23
14.28
14.32
14.36
14.40
-------
Frequency ~ 2 GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
.50 14.44 27.79
.51 14.48 28.02
.52 14.51 28.24
.53 14.54 28.45
.54 14.57 28.66
.55 14.60 28.85
.56 14.63 29.04
.57 14.66 29.22
.58 i4.68 29.40
.59 14.71 29.56
.60 14.73 29.73
.61 14.75 29.88
.62 14.78 30.03
.63 14.80 30.18
.64 14.82 30.32
.65 14.84 30.45
.66 14.86 30.59
.67 14.87 30.71
.68 14.89 30.84
.69 14.91 30.96
.70 14.92 31.07
.71 14.94 31.18
.72 14.95 31.29
.73 14.97 31.40
.74 14.98 31.50
.75 15.00 31.60
.76 15.01 31.69
.77 15.02 31.79
.78 15,04 31.88
.79 15.05 31.97
.80 15.06 32.05
.81 15.07 32.14
.82 15.08 32.22
.83 15.09 32.30
.84 15.10 32.38
.85 15.11 32.45
.86 15.12 32.52
.87 15.13 32.59
.88 15.14 32.66
.89 15.15 32.73
-------
Frequency = 2 GHz
Gain Ratio
32.80
32.86
32.93
32.99
33.05
33. li
33.16
33.22
33.27
33.33
i.OQ 15.23 33.38
Distance
(Meters)
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
Gain
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
15
PQ
\*
c
*«M»
10
10
0
0.00
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #645
Frequency «• 2 GHz
0.25 0.50
Distance (Meters)
0.75
1 .00
-------
D iftcn s j, un i -Fvi Hof n v d-,i
A = 23.1 B = 17.2 Lh = 40.476 Le = 34.914
Frequency Range: 2.6 TO 3.95 GHx
Gains will be Calculated Starting frow .1 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency = 3 GHz
Gain Ratio
6.69
8. 35
9.99
11 .57
13.06
14.46
IS. 76
16.96
18.07
19.09
20.03
20.89
21 .69
22.43
23.iO
23.73
24.31
24.85
25.35
25.82
26.25
26.66
27.04
27.39
27.73
28. 04
28.34
28 . 62
28.88
29.13
29.36
29.58
29.80
30 . 00
30.19
Distance
(Meters)
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
. 18
,i9
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
Gain
(dB)
8.25
9.21
9.99
10.63
11.16
11.60
11 .98
12.30
12.57
12.81
13.02
13.20
13.36
13.51
13.64
13.75
13.86
13.95
14.04
14.12
14, 19
14.26
14.32
14.38
14.43
1 4 . 48
14.52
14.57
14.61
14.64
14.68
14.71
14.74
14.77
14.80
-------
Frequency* = 3 GHz
Gain Ratio
30.37
30.54
30.71
30.86
3i .01
31.16
31.30
31 .43
31 .55
3,1.67
31.79
31.90
32.01
32.11
32.21
32.31
32.40
32 . 49
32.57
32.74
32.81
32.89
32.96
33.03
33. 10
33.17
33 . 23
33.29
33.35
33.41
33.47
33. S2
33.57
33.63
33.68
33.73
33.77
33.82
33.86
Distance
(Meters)
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
.78
.79
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
Gain
-------
Frequency = 3 GHz
Gain Ratio
33.91
33.95
33.99
34.04
34.07
34. 11
34.15
34.19
34.22
34.26
34.29
34.33
34.36
34.39
34.42
i.OO 15.37 34.46
Distance
(Meters)
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
Gain
(dB>
15.30
15.31
15.31
15.32
15.32
15.33
15.33
15.34
15.34
15.35
15.35
15.36
15.36
15.36
15.37
-------
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #644
Frequency «• 3 GHz
20
15
CQ
0
0.00
0.35 0.50
Distance (Meters)
0.75
1.00
-------
Dinensions for Horn # 643
A = 15.2S B = 11,25 l_h « 27.731 Le = 23.186
Frequency Range: 3.95 TO 5,85 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting fron .05 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency ~ A GHz
Gain Ratio
3.91
6.24
8.59
10 .76
14.35
15.79
17.02
18.08
19. 00
19.79
20.49
21.10
21 .64
22.55
22.94
S3. 28
23.59
23.88
24.14
24.37
24.59
24.79
24.97
25. 14
25.30
25.44
25.58
25.71
25.83
25.94
26.04
26. 14
26.23
Distance
(Meters)
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
.10
. 11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
. 19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
Gain
-------
Frequency = 4 GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(Meters)
-------
Frequency = A GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(dB>
.80 i4.46 27.90
.81 14.46 27.92
.82 14.46 27.94
.83 14.46 27.96
.84 14.47 27.97
.85 14.47 27.99
.86 14.47 28.00
.87 14.47 28.02
.88 14.48 28.03
.89 14.48 28.05
.90 14.48 28.06
.91 14.48 28.08
.92 14.49 28.09
.93 14.49 28.10
.94 14.49 28.12
.95 14.49 28.13
.96 14.49 28.14
.97 14.50 28.15
.98 14.50 28.16
.99 14.SO 28,18
i.OO 14.50 28.19
-------
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #643
Frequency « 4 GHz
20
m
10
0
0.00
0.25 0.50
Distance (Meters)
0,75
1.00
-------
Dimensions for Horn # 643
A = 15.25 B « 11.25 Lh ~ 27.731 Le = 23.186
Frequency Range.- 3.95 TO 5.85 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting fron .05 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency = S GHz
Gain Ratio
2.72
4.71
7.18
9.81
12.42
14 .89
17, 13
19.18
21.01
22.65
24.11
25.43
26.60
27.66
28.61
29, 47
30.24
30.95
31.60
32.19
32.73
33.23
33.69
34.12
34.51
34.88
35.22
35.54
35.83
36.11
36.37
36.62
36.85
37.07
37.27
Distance
(Meters)
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
.10
.11
.12
. 13
.14
.15
.16
. 17
.18
.19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
,38
.39
Gain
4.
6.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
IS.
15.
IS.
IS.
IS.
15.
15.
15.
IS.
15.
IS.
IS.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
34
73
56
92
94
73
34
83
22
5S
82
OS
25
42
56
69
81
91
00
08
15
22
28
33
38
43
47
51
54
58
61
64
66
69
71
-------
Frequency * 5 GHz
Gain Ratio
37.47
37,65
37.83
37.99
38.15
38.30
38.45
38.58
38.71
38.83
38.95
39.07
39.18
39.28
39.38
39. 48
39.57
39.66
39.74
39.83
39.91
39. 9S
40 .06
40.13
40.20
40 . 26
40.33
40.39
40 ,45
40 .51
40.57
40.62
40.67
40.72
40.78
40 .82
40.87
40.92
40 .96
4i. 01
Distance
-------
15
m
0
0.00
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #643
Frequency « 5 GHz
0.35 0.50
Di stance (Meters)
0.75
1.00
-------
Frequency - 5 GHz
Gain Ratio
41 .05
41 .09
41.13
41 .17
4.1.21
41 .24
41.28
4.1.31
41.35
4.1 . 38
41 .42
41.45
41 .48
41 .51
41 .54
41 .57
41.60
41 .62
41 .65
41.68
1.00 16.20 41.70
Distance
-------
Dimensions for Horn * 642
A » 11.25 B = 8.3 Lh = 19.946 Le * 17.448
Frequency Range: 5.4 TO 8.2 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting fropi .04 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency = 6 GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(Meters)
.04 6.30 4.26
.05 8.78 7.55
.06 10.36 10.87
.07 11.41 13.84
.08 12.14 16.39
.09 12.68 18.52
. 10 13.08 20.31
.11 13.39 21.80
.12 13.63 23.07
.13 13.83 24.14
.14 13.99 25.06
.15 14.12 25.85
.16 14.24 26.54
.17 14.34 27.14
.18 14.42 27.67
.19 14.49 28.14
.20 14.56 28.56
.21 14,61 28.94
.22 14.67 29,28
.23 14.71 29.58
.24 14.75 29.86
.25 14.79 30.11
.26 14.82 30.34
.27 14.85 30.56
.28 14.88 30.75
.29 14.90 30.93
.30 14.93 31.10
.31 14.95 31.25
.32 14.97 31.40
.33 14.99 31.53
,34 15.01 31.66
.35 15.02 31.78
.36 15.04 31.89
.37 15.05 31.99
.38 15.06 32.09
-------
Frequency = 6 GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(Heters)
.39 15.08 32.18
.40 15.09 32.27
.41 15.10 32.35
.42 15.11 32.43
.43 15.12 32.51
.44 15.13 32.58
.45 15.14 32.64
.46 15.15 32.71
.47 15.15 32.77
.48 IS.16 32.83
.49 15.17 32.QB
.50 15.18 32.94
.51 15.18 32.99
.52 15.19 33.03
.53 15.20 33.08
.54 15.20 33.13
.55 15.21 33.17
.56 15.21 33.21
.57 15.22 33.25
.58 15.22 33.29
.S9 15.23 33.32
.60 15.23 33.36
.61 15.24 33.39
.62 15.24 33.43
.63 15.25 33.46
.64 15.25 33,49
.65 15.25 33.52
.66 15.26 33.55
.67 15.26 33.58
.68 15.26 33.60
.69 15.27 33.63
.70 15.27 33.66
,71 15.27 33.68
.72 15.28 33.70
.73 15.28 33.73
.74 IS.28 33.75
.75 15.29 33.77
.76 15.29 33.79
.77 15.29 33.81
.78 15.29 33.83
-------
Frequency = 6 GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(Meters)
33.85
33.87
33,89
33.91
33.93
33.94
33.96
33.98
33.99
34 . 01
34.02
34. 04
34.05
34.06
34.08
34. 09
34.10
34.12
34.13
34.14
34.15
34.17
.79
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
1.00
15.30
15.30
15.30
15.30
15.31
15.31
15.31
15.31
15.31
15.32
15.32
15.32
15.32
15.32
15.32
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.34
-------
eg
in
IV
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5
c
in
O
C
o
c
10
*^
Jt
-------
Dinensions for Horn * 642
A - 11.25 B « 8.3 Lh * 19.946 Le = 17.44B
Frequency Range: 5.4 TO 8.2 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting frow .03 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency = 7 GHz
Gain Ratio
i .62
3.32
6,33
9.89
13.45
16.73
19.65
22. 19
24.39
26.30
27,95
29.39
30.65
31 .75
32.73
33.60
34.37
35.07
35.69
36.26
36.77
37.24
37.67
38,07
38.43
38.76
39.07
39.36
39.63
39.88
40 .li
40.33
40.53
40 ,73
40 .91
Distance
-------
Frequency = 7 GHz
Gain Ratio
41 .08
41 .24
41.39
41.54
4i .67
41.30
41.93
42.04
42.16
42.26
42.37
42.46
42.56
42. 6S
42.73
42.81
42.89
42.97
43.04
43. 11
43.18
43,24
43.31
43.37
43.43
43. 48
43.54
43.59
43.64
43.69
43.74
43.78
43.83
43.87
43.91
43.96
43.99
44.03
44.07
44.11
Distance
(Meters)
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.4S
.46
.47
.48
.49
.30
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.SB
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
Gain
CdB>
16.14
16. IS
16.17
16.18
16.20
16.21
16.22
16.24
16.25
16.26
16.27
16.28
16.29
16.30
16.31
16.32
16.32
16.33
16.34
16.35
16.35
16.36
16.37
16.37
16.38
16.38
16.39
16.39
16.40
16.40
16.41
16.41
16.42
16.42
16.43
16.43
16.43
16.44
16.44
16.45
-------
Frequency = 7 GHz
Gain Ratio
44.14
44.18
44.21
44.24
44.28
44 ,31
44.34
44.37
44.40
44.43
44.45
44.48
44.51
44.53
44,56
44 .58
44.60
44.63
44.65
44.67
44.69
44.72
44.74
Distance
(Meters)
.78
.79
.80
,81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
i . 00
Gain
CdB)
16.45
16,45
16.46
16.46
16.46
16.46
16.47
16.47
16.47
16.48
16.48
16.48
16.48
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.51
-------
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #642
Frequency » 7 GHz
20
m
0
0.00
0.35 0,50
. Distance (Meters)
0.75
1.00
-------
Le = 17.448
Dimensions for Horn # 642
A = 11.25 B = 8.3 Lh - 19.946
Frequency Range: 5.4 TO 8.2 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting fron .03 to 1 in Steps of .01
Frequency = 8 GHz
Gain Ratio
2.19
2.72
5.12
8.46
12.20
15.93
19.45
22.66
25.55
28.11
30.39
32.40
34.20
3S.79
38.50
39.65
40.69
41.64
42.50
44.00
44.66
45.27
45.83
46.35
46. B3
47.28
47.70
48. 09
48.46
48.80
49 . 12
49.43
49.71
Distance
(Meters)
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
.10
.11
.12
. 13
.14
.15
. 16
.17
.18
. 19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32.
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
Gain
(
3
4
7
9
10
12
12
13
14
14
14
15
IS
15
IS
15
IS
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
dB)
.41
.34
.09
.28
.86
.02
.89
.55
.07
.49
.83
.11
.34
.54
.71
.85
.98
. 10
.20
.28
.36
.43
.SO
,56
.61
.66
.71
.75
.79
.82
.85
.88
.91
.94
.96
-------
Frequency = 8 GHz
Gain Ratio
49.99
SO. 24
50.48
50 .71
50.93
51.14
SI.34
51.52
51.70
51.87
52.04
52.20
52.34
52.49
52,63
52.76
52.88
53.01
53.12
53.24
S3.3S
53.45
53.55
53.65
53.75
53.84
53.92
S4.01
54.09
54.17
54.25
54.33
54.40
54.47
54.54
54.60
54.67
54.73
54.79
54.85
Distance
(Meters)
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
,49
.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
Cain
(dEO
16.99
17.01
17.03
17. OS
17.07
17.09
17.10
17.12
17.14
17.15
17.16
17.18
17.19
17.20
17.21
17.22
17.23
17.24
17.25
17.26
17.27
17.28
17.29
17.30
17.30
17.31
17.32
17.32
17.33
17.34
17.34
17,35
17.36
17.36
17.37
17.37
17.38
17.38
17.39
17.39
-------
Frequency = 8 GHz
Gain Ratio
S4.9i
54.97
55.02
55.07
55,13
55.18
55.23
55.27
55.32
55.37
55.41
55.45
55.50
55.54
55.58
55.62
55.66
55.70
55.73
5S. 77
55.81
55.84
55.88
Distance
.78
.79
.80
.61
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
i.OO
Ga in
(dB)
17.40
17.40
17.41
17.41
17.41
17.42
17.42
17.43
17.43
17.43
17.44
17.44
17.44
17.45
17.45
17.45
17.46
17.46
17.46
17.46
17.47
17.47
17.47
-------
in
IV
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® z:
in **
m
o o
u
c
M
5
CD
in
OJ
Gt
*
(HP)
-------
Dimensions for Horn * 640
A * 7.35 B = 5.5 Lh = 13.094 Le - 10.991
Frequency Range.- 8.2 TO 12.4 GHz
Gains yill be Calculated Starting from .03 to 1 in Steps of .01
Frequency = 9 GHz
Gain Ratio
6.02
11 .02
15.22
18.45
20.90
22.78
24.25
25. 42
26.37
27.14
27.79
28.34
28.80
29.20
29.55
29.86
30 .13
30.37
30.59
30 .78
30 .96
31,12
31.26
31 .40
31.52
31. 63
31.73
31.83
31 .92
32. 00
32.08
32. 15
32. 2S
32.29
32.35
Distance
-------
Frequency = 9 GHz
Gain Ratio
32.40
32.46
32.51
32.56
32.60
32.64
32.69
32.72
32.76
32.80
32,83
32.86
32.90
32.93
32.95
32.98
33.01
33. 03
33.06
33. 08
33.10
33.12
33.15
33.17
33.19
33.20
33.22
33.24
33.26
33.27
33.29
33.31
33 .32
33.34
33.35
33. J6
33.38
33.39
33.40
33.41
Distance
(Meters)
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
,56
.57
.58
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
Gain
15.11
15. ii
15.12
15.13
15.13
15.14
15.14
15.15
15.15
IS. 16
15.16
15.17
15.17
15.18
15. IB
15.18
15,19
15.19
15.19
15.20
15.20
15.20
15.20
15.21
15.21
15.21
15.21
15.22
15.22
15.22
15.22
15.23
15.23
15.23
15.23
15.23
15.23
15.24
15.24
15.24
-------
Frequency = 9 GHz
Gain Ratio
33.43
33.44
33. 4S
33.46
33.47
33.48
33.49
33.50
33.51
33.52
33.53
33. S4
33.55
33. 56
33. 57
33.57
33.58
33.59
33.60
33.61
33.61
33.62
33.63
Distance
(Meters)
.78
.79
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
1 .00
Gain
-------
20
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #640
Frequency • 9 GHz
15
m
-o
10
0
0.00
0.25 0.50
Distance (Meters)
0.75
1.00
-------
Dimensions for Horn * 640
A ~ 7.35 B - 5.5 Lh = 13.094 Le - 10.991
Frequency Range: 8.2 TO 12.4 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting frcci .02 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency = 10 GHz
Gain Ratio
1.5Q
3.21
10 .47
1S . 4 0
19.43
22.62
25.13
27.13
28.74
30 .06
31.15
32 . 07
32.85
33.52
34.10
34.60
35.05
35.44
35.79
36.10
36.39
36.64
36.87
37.09
37.28
37. 46
37.63
37.78
37.92
38.05
38.17
38.29
38.40
38.50
38.59
Distance
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
. 16
.17
.18
.19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
Gain
-------
Frequency ~ 18 GHz
Gain Ratio
38.68
38.76
38. 84
38.92
38.99
39. 06
39.12
39.18
39.24
39.30
39.35
39.40
39. 45
39.49
39.54
39 . 58
39.62
39,66
39.70
39.73
39.77
39.80
39.83
39.87
39.90
39.92
39.95
39.98
40.01
40. 03
40.06
40. oe
40.10
40.13
40.15
40. 17
40.19
40.21
40. S3
40.25
Distance
(Meters)
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
.50
.SI
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
Ga in
15.87
15.88
15.89
15.90
15.91
15.92
15.92
15.93
15.94
15.94
15.95
15.95
15.96
15.97
15.97
15.97
15.98
15.98
15.99
15.99
16.00
16.00
16.00
16.01
16.01
16.01
16.02
16.02
16.02
16.02
16.03
16.63
16.03
16.03
16.04
16.04
16.04
16.04
16.05
16.05
-------
Dimensions for Horn # 640
A = 7.35 B = S.S Lh - 13.094 Le « 10.991
Frequency Range= 8.2 TO 12.4 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting from ,02 to i in Steps of .01
Frequency = ii GHz
Distance Gain Gain R^tio
(Meters)
.02 i.Si i.42
.03 6.45 4.42
.04 9.83 9.62
.05 ii.77 15.04
.06 12.96 i9.79
.0? 13.75 23.70
.08 14.29 26.88
.09 14.69 29.46
.iO 14.99 31.57
.ii 15.23 33.32
.12 15.41 34.79
.13 15.57 36.03
.14 15.69 37.08
.15 15.80 38.00
.16 IS.89 38.79
.17 IS.96 39.48
.18 16.03 40.10
.19 16.09 40.64
.20 16.14 41.13
.21 16.19 41.56
.22 16.23 4i.96
.23 16.27 42.32
.24 16.30 42.64
.25 16.33 42.94
.26 16.36 43.21
.27 16.38 43.46
.28 16.40 43.69
.29 16.43 43.91
.30 16.45 44.11
.31 16.46 44.29
.32 16.48 44.47
.33 16.50 44.63
.34 16.51 44.78
.35 16.52 44.92
.36 16.54 45.06
-------
Frequency = ii GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(Meters)
.77 16.76 47.43
.78 16.76 47.46
.79 16.77 47.48
.80 16.77 47.51
.81 16.77 47.53
.82 16.77 47.55
.83 16.77 47.58
.84 16.78 47.60
.85 16.78 47.62
.86 16.78 47.64
.87 16.78 47.66
.88 16.78 47.68
.89 16.79 47.70
.90 16.79 47.72
.91 16.79 47.74
.92 16.79 47.76
.93 16.79 47.77
.94 16.79 47.79
.95 16.79 47.81
.96 16.80 47.82
.97 16.80 47.84
.98 16.80 47.86
.99 16.80 47.87
1.00 16.80 47.89
-------
Frequency ~ ii GHz
Gain Ratio
AS. 18
45.30
45.41
45.52
45.62
45.72
45.81
45.89
45.97
46. OS
46.13
46.20
46.27
46.33
46.40
46.46
46.51
46.57
46.62
46.68
46.73
46.77
46.82
46.86
46.91
46.95
46.99
47.03
47.06
47.10
47.13
47.17
47.20
47.23
47.27
47.30
47.32
47.35
47.38
47.41
Distance
(Meters)
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
,4S
.46
.47
.48
.49
.SO
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
Gain
-------
20
15
m
"O
0
0.00
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN #640
Frequency « 11 GHz
0.25 0.50
-Distance (Meters)
0.75
1.00
-------
Dimensions for Horn # 640
A = 7.35 B = 5.5 Lh = 13.094 Le * 10.991
Frequency Range; 8.2 TO 12.4 GHz
Gains will be Calculated Starting fron .02 to 1 in Steps of .01
Frequency = 12 GHz
Distance Gain Gain Ratio
(Heters)
.02 1.99 1.58
.03 5.73 3.74
.04 9.35 8.62
.05 11.55 14.2B
.06 12.92 19.58
.07 13.83 24.16
.08 14.47 27.99
,09 14.94 31.18
.10 15.29 33.83
,11 15.57 36.05
,12 15.79 37.93
.13 15.97 37.54
.14 16.12 40.91
.15 16.24 42.11
.16 16.35 43.15
.17 16.44 44.07
.18 16.52 44.89
.19 16.59 45.61
.20 16.65 46.26
.21 16.71 46.84
.22 16.76 47.37
.23 16.80 47.85
.24 16.84 48.29
.25 16.87 48.69
.26 16.91 49.06
.27 16.94 49.40
.28 16.96 49.71
.29 16.99 50.00
.30 17.01 50.27
.31 17.04 50.52
.32 17.06 50.76
.33 17.07 50.98
.34 17.09 51.18
.35 17.11 51.38
.36 17.12 51.56
-------
Frequency * 12 GHz
Gain Ratio
51.73
Si.89
52.05
52.19
52.33
52.46
52,58
52.70
52.81
53.02
S3.12
53.22
S3.31
53.39
53.47
53.55
53.63
53.70
53.77
53.84
53.91
53.97
54.03
54.09
54. IS
54.20
54.26
54.31
54.36
54.41
54.45
54.50
54.54
54.58
54.63
54.67
54.71
54.74
54.78
Distance
(Meters)
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
Gain
(dB)
17.14
17.15
17.16
17. 18
17.19
17.20
17.21
17.22
17.23
17.24
17.24
17.25
17.26
17.27
17.27
17.28
17.29
17.29
17.30
17.31
17.31
17.32
17.32
17.33
17.33
17.34
17.34
17,34
17.35
17.35
17.36
17.36
17.36
17.37
17.37
17.37
17.38
17.38
17.38
17.39
-------
Frequency = 12 GHz
Gain Ratio
54.82
54.85
54.88
54.92
54.95
S4.98
55.01,
55. 04
55.07
55. i 0
55.13
55.16
55.18
55.21
55.23
55,26
55. 28
55.31
55.33
55.35
55.37
55.40
55.42
55.44
Distance
(Meters)
.77
.78
.79
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
1.00
Gain
-------
20
GRIN PLOT FOR HORN $648
Frequency - 12 GHz
15
m
T3
c
««••
a
10
0
0.00
0.25 0,50
Distance (Meters)
0.75
1.00
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
APPENDIX 8
ANECHOIC MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
AND
DATA OBTAINED FROM
RANGE REFLECTION TESTS
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Microwave Absorbers
/>
'Vi/i'/^^K"' .
•7 iSHI-' /,>
WWi
iapf,'\''."'v.v\v^ f r i
lull
>ariced Absorber Products has available z complete line oi
•* performance microwave absorbers in a wide range of
rxnmes and absorbancies,
rrs:?ucted oi low density, flexible foam, these solid
•smidal and convoluted absorber are impregnated with a
^active black formulation to achieve the desired electrical
\trance. They provide engineers with the building
•*cki> needed in the design and construction of RF absorb
surfaces used in anechotc chambers, antenna assemblies
i microwave measuring facilities.
Type AAP
HIGH PERFORMANCE
BROADBAND
-P
Convoluted
Pyramid.;!
-V.'R Absorber material encapsulated in a rigid foam a<.o
covered with a weatht'i-resistant fabric tuaaLi.e tor
Outdoor applications.
•FL Similar construction to WR except without fabric
but with a ioad-beanng flat top surface suitable for
walkways and platforms,
-V An open cell foam (10 pores/in) allows for the
flow of air through the absorber for venting and
outdoor applications. Cooling air circulated
through this material allows for use in applica'.ions
of RF power up to 10 watts/in^.
-W Wedge shaped absorbers used to attain maximum
performance at gra2ing Incidence angles.
ECIFICATIONS
pt
,P-1.5C
.P3?
-P-4C
,P4P
J>-B
JM8 — -
IF55
.P36
Nominal Thickness
(in) (cm)
1.5
3 ;'i^
3 >>"'
4
4
5
8 -^;u
128_^i_
24 t3«'
~ 30 '.?''
36 1C&
72
4
8
8
10
10
13
20 "
30
— 46 •
61
76
91
122
183
Peaks/
Block
360
360
256
360
144
144
81
36
— 16
9
g
4
4
1
Absorption (dB €
120 200 300 500
30
30
30 35
30 35
30 35 40 (
30
1 "30
35
35
40
45
> f in MHz or band designation)
1000 SCX
30
35
40
40
45.
45
50
30
30
35
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
20
30
30
40
40
45
45
45
50
50
5C
50
50
30
40
40
45
45
50
50
50
0 — •
50
50
50
50
SO
Ku
35
45
45
50
50
50
50
50
— 50 —
50
50
50
50
50
K
45
50
50
50
50
bU
50
50
— 50
50
50
50
50
50
•y Standard • light blue (black and other colors available on request.)
•( Standard • 24 by 24 inches (61 by 61 cm} nominal (other sizes available on request).
flo-d products are self-extinguishing per ASTM-1692. A highly fee retardam grade designed F R is 3)5.0 available.
xxpt;cn characteristics are relative to metal surface 100% R^ or 0 dB.
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
l ;-"f\1T.\ ) _
104
i L
-------
t .,-. pi :,
/• c
-------
rt
/l -
f~ '.-
f/<". it
protx. "S /
; I ' : ' ' ' -. '• L I f
-------
ei -
^y^fvVW^
: L ' : •''.-. i t
-------
5,0
-------
( 0
3ft*,
-------
a r
t i -V. • ...'.' r,f-*t ' {.
. - 3*
1-0
lO tH.tr/CIH l
• • I : •.
\ / \
iv^r^^^&g^ip
-------
I -M VI .< l
1 • - T
•Ar^^Ac^^-^A^^^^^^
t fa*
t ;
\
-
^
I I
-------
APPENDIX C
LISTING OF HORNGO PROGRAM
AND
ILLUSTRATIVE RUNS
53
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
ISO
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
SiO
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
H H 00000 RRRRRRR N N GGGGG
H HO OR R NN N G [
H HO OR R N N N G
HHHHHHH 0 0 RRRRRRR N N N G
H HO ORR N N N G
H HO ORRNNNG
H H 00000 R R N N
GGG
G
G
GGGGG
00000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
00000
4tf****#*####]M<*####******#^
* *
*
*
*
*
*
PROGRAM NAME; HORNGO
COMPUTER; HP 9845B
PROGRAMMERS: Michael
Jerry C
R, Molony,
Johnson -
REVISION; A 05/19/83
Edwin D. Mantiply and
Non-Ionizing Radiation Branch
DESCRIPTION:
This program will generate accurately known electromagnetic
field intensities for the purpose of evaluating the response
of broadband, isotropic Microwave Measurement probes. This
system provides a convenient and accurate Method to evaluate
measurement probe response to microwave fields and therefore
establish uncertainty limits for instrument readings obtained
in hazard survey measurements.
WARRANTY:
The Non-Ionizing Radiation Branch of EPA warrants only that
testing has been applied to this code. No other warranty
expressed or implied, is applicable.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0.0
Model *
2631G
mm
o. i
Model #
59303A
8620C
866 OB
436A
436A
HPIB DEVICE ADDRESSES Select Code *10 05/16/83
Description Address Code
HP-IB Graphics Character Printer
Analog to Digital Converter
Relay Actuator
01
06
16
HPIB DEVICE ADDRESSES Select Code *7 05/16/83
Description Address Code
Digitial to Analog Converter Data 02
S/N 2144A01860 Command 03
Sweep Oscillator 06
Synthesized Signal Generator 19
Power Meter S/N 1930A06521 (8181A Sensor 14
S/N 1926A18038)
Power Meter S/N 1930A06577 O181A Sensor 15
S/N 1926Ai8041>
Attenuator/Switch Driver 28
11713A
1.0 COMMON, DATA TYPE DEFINITIONS AND
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
10,50
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
I'D 60
107!)
1080
1090
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
PROGRAM
INITIALIZATION
! 1 . 1
STORAGE ALLOCATION
COM SHORT Le,Lh,Pdbm,P«val,Pg,Al,Bl,Attpgain
COM INTEGER A<730>,X2,Prcnt_am, Band
COM Title*t803,0per*[801 ,Sys$m
SHORT Freqz,PlGtdb<900>
SHORT Avgi(SOO),Errdbi(500),P«ini(500),Pmaxi<500),Cf,S
SHORT Pre_j?rr<500>,Post_err(500),Zw<300>,Status
INTEGER I,Year,B<900),Dir(900),Pxl(2,3),Px2<3),Pyl(2,3),Py2(3),Cond,N
INTEGER Slen,SaMp__size,Ni
DIM Un its$( 1 = 4,1)125:1,2* [50 3, Xlabem 40]
! 1.2 ASSIGNMENT
t
FOR 1=1 TO 5
READ Xlabel
Xlabel$=Xlabel$*,UAL$&CHR$( 179!
NEXT I
READ Pxi<*),Px2<*),Pyl<*>,Py2<*>
DATA 180,270,360,90,180, 15,75,15,75,
0 F
VARIABLES
55,330,55,330, 125,395,125,395, 50,1
i
Horn
i
i
55,55,10,10, 232,232,27,27, 387,387,185,185, 85,85,40,40
data
Horn *
Al
638,
639,
640,
642,
643,
644,
64S,
646,
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
i
S$=CHR$<190)
S*="A2"
Esc$=CHR*<27>
3,
5.
7,
11,
15.
23
35
S3
73,
56,
35,
25,
25,
10,
10,
10,
5
8
11
17
Bl
2.93,
4.28,
SO,
30,
25,
20,
Lh
Le
25,
39
i i
95,
25,
6
9
13
19
27.
40,
62
92
90,
56,
094,
946,
731,
476,
122,
771,
5
9
10
17
94,
26,
991,
448,
23.186,
34.914,
53.113,
79.947,
Min
Freq
18.00,
12.40,
8.20,
5.40,
3.95,
2.60,
1.70,
Max
Freq
26,
18
12.
8
5,
3,
2,
5
0
4
2
85
95
6
7
#* May be used as squared
#* Current definition for
## ASCII code 27 used for
2631G printer *#
symbol ##
squared synbol #*
escape sequences to
'Speed of light in Centimeters
Units*
Units*(2,0>~tlV/M"
Units*<2,i)="A/M"
Units*(3,0)="«U/cn"&S*
Units*(3,i)="«W/CM"iS$
Units*(4,0)="dBg/n"
Units*(4,i)="dBA/tt"
Max_try=2
Storet*=" ;X12,0,0
Quote$=CHR$<34>
! ## Maximum Number of Trys to Set Power Meters
! *# Initial value for sample length ##
! ## Default Mass Storage Device ##
-------
1190
1200
1210
1220
1230
1240
1250
1260
1270
1280
1290
1300
1310
1320
1330
1340
1350
1360
1370
1380
1390
1400
1410
1420
1430
1440
1450
1460
1470
1480
1490
1500
1S10
1520
1530
1540
1550
1560
1570
1580
1S90
1600
1610
1620
1630
1640
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
1770
1780
Printer=l
! ** HP-IB 98034A Select Code **
! ## Address of Printer **
Version*="Q5/i9/83."
\
! 1.3 SET DEFAULTS
t
MASS STORAGE IS Storet$
EXIT GRAPHICS
PRINTER IS 16
ON ERROR GOSUB Err20
ON KEY *8 GOSUB Setup_screen
FOR
EXECUTION
!2.0
PROGRAM INTRODUCTION
CALL Ti«e ( Da te$,TiMe$, Day*, Month*, Year ,2)
PRINT PAGE; "PROGRAM: HORNGO Version ; " ; Ver sion$ jLIN < 1 >
PRINT " Mass Storage defaults to: " jQt)ote$&St oret*&rjuote$
PRINT " HP-IB Select Code is = %Card
PRINT " HP-IB Printer is on Address: » jpr inter ;I.,1N< i >
PRINT "A/D Calibration Settings"
PRINT " Channel ti = 1 V" jTAB(2S> ; "Meter Recorder Output"
PRINT " Channel *2-- 3.5 U" j TABC2S) > "Meter Recorder Output"
PRINT " Channel #3; 3.5 V" >TAB<25> j "Rotator Reading " >LIN< 1 )
2.1 CHECK STATUS
2.11 2631G Line Printer
OF DEVICES
!turn printer on-line
(hard off-line, user nitst turn on-line
SET TIMEOUT Card}!
ON INT *Card, Printer GOTO 1500
STATUS Card>Printer ;Cond
IF NOT BIT THEN 1530
DISP "NO POWER APPLIED TO 2631G PRINTER"
GOTO 1490
OUTPUT Card, Printer USING "#,K " j£sc*V'n"
STATUS Card, Printer jCond
IF BIT(Cond,6) THEN 1580
DISP "TURN PRINTER ON-LINE."
GOTO 1540
OFF INT *Card
SET TIMEOUT CardjiOOOO
«
! 2. 12 Probe Rotator
!
OUTPUT Card,6>"H4AJ"
N=SHIFT0 THEN 1710
DISP "NO POWER APPLIED TO ROTATOR, OR OUT OF CALIBRATION."
GOTO 1630
2.2
DEFINE MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS
CALL Seta«p<-90)
OUTPUT Card>16;"A4B56"
OUTPUT 728j"A123"
i
! 2.21 Identify the Measurement
•initial setting for 8660B generator
!set actuator switches to default state
!set switch driver to.naxinun attenuation
EDIT "Enter operator identification",0per$
EDIT "Enter a title for this Measurement",Tit
-------
1790 GDSUB Get freq 'enter frequencies into array Freq<#)
1800 !
1810 > 2.23 Select the Waveguide to use
1820 !
1830 INPUT "Enter NARDA Horn Model <640, 642, 643, 644, or 645)",Wr
1840 FOR 1=1 TO 8
1850 READ Thorn,Al,Bl,Lh,Le,Min freq,Max_freq
1860 IF Thorn=Ur THEN 1910
1870 NEXT I
1880 RESTORE Horn_data
1890 CALL DcolC'Only 640, 642, 643, 644, or 64S are accepted responses, try ag
ain. ">
1900 GOTO 1830
1910 Distance=.S ! Probe Distance fron Horn in Meters
1930 Anpgain=50
1930 PRINT "Dimensions for NARDA Horn *"jWr>LIN<1)
1940 PRINT " A *"jAljH B ="jBlj" Lh =">Lh>" Le =" jLe; LIN < .1)
1950 PRINT " Frequency Range; " ;Min_freq -, "TO" >Max freq; "GHz"
1960 !
1970 ! 2.3 DEFINE THE FIELD TO ESTABLISH
1980 !
1990 ! 2.31 Select Electric or Magnetic
2000 f
2010 Sel=0
2020 INPUT "Do you want to enter Electric(O) or Magnetic(i) field units?",S©1
2030 IF "MJni
ts$(3,0)««", or (4> dBy/M">
2100 IF Sel=i THEN DISP "Enter units= (1) "&Unit5$<1,1)&"t (2) A/«, <3) "4Uni
ts$(3,i)4", or <4) dBA/«"j
2110 N=3
2120 INPUT N
2130 IF 4) THEN 2090
2140 I
2150 ! 2.33 Enter the Field and Convert to «W/CMA2
2160 !
2170 DISP "Enter Desired Field in "&Units*(N,Sel);
2180 INPUT Valx
2190 IF (NO4) AND «Malx<0) OR (Malx >i. OE8)) THEN 2090
2200 IF 100> THEN 2090
2210 Inval=Valx
2220 IF N=2 THEN Valx=Valx*Valx
2230 IF (N=3) AND (Sel=0> THEN Valx~3767*Valx
2240 IF S THEN 2290
2310 DISP "Enter Meter Full Scale Field in "&Units$
-------
f
Cn=2
Cnset=3.S 'Volts
2390 IF ABS(Fsvolts)>l THEN 2420
2400 Cn=i
2410 Cnset=i IVolts
2420 Conv=Cnset/1022
2430 Instr*="H"&VAL$(2A(Cn-i»i"AJ" 'command to sample channel 'Cn'
2440 PRINT LINC2);"CAUTION"
2450 PRINT " i. Check Hardware Status before CQNTinuing"
2460 DISP "Connect meter recorder output to Ch# "jVAL$(Cn)j". Press CONTinue wh
en ready."
2470 PAUSE
2480 !
2490 ! 3.0 PROGRAM EXECUTION
2500 <
2510 13.1 INITIALIZE EQUIPMENT FOR EXECUTION
2520 i
2530 1 3.11 Position Probe
2S40 !
2550 Mdir=i
2560 OUTPUT Card ,6;"H4AJ"
2570 Dig=SHIFT+READ&IN6>
2580 IF Dig<15 THEN Start
2590 DISP "Positioning Probe."
2600 GOTO 2560
2610 i
2620 ! 3.12 Setup HORNGO Screen
2630 I
2640 Start: DISP
2650 Cp=0
2660 GOSUB Setup__screen
2670 !
2680 FOR 1=0 TO Tf
2690 Try=l
2700 Cf=Freqz(I>
2710 Lambda=C/(Cf*lE9)
2720 Ad=Al/Lambda
2730 Bd^Bl/Lambda
2740 Alh=Lh/Lambda
2750 Dist__norm-Distance/LaMbda#10G
2760 Ale=Le/Lambda
2770 Alpha=Ad*Ad*U/Alh + l/Dist_nor«>
2780 Beta=Bd*Bd*
2800 Re=.i*BetaA2*(2.31-K053*Beta>
2810 Gain=iO*LGT&" "&F**," "
2930 SWRITE 7,57, VAL$
-------
2950
2960
2970
2980
2990
3000
3010
3020
3030
3040
3050
3060
3070
3080
3090
3100
3110
3120
3130
3140
3150
3160
3170
3180
3190
3200
3210
3220
3230
3240
32SO
3260
3270
3280
3290
3300
3310
3320
3330
3340
3350
3360
3370
3380
3390
3400
3410
3420
3430
3440
3150
3460
3470
3480
3490
3500
3510
3S20
3530
3540
SWRITE iO,2S,VAL$*2 THEN GOSUB Set_freq
GOSUB Bet_fieter
t
» 3.2 ROTATE PROBE
AND
! ## CF on 866OB **
SAHPLE RESPONSE
CALL Readhp(PMr,15)
Pf_dbM=Pttf+Cal_foward
P r _db«=P MP +Cal__re verse
Rho"=10A
Ml_db=~10*LGT
Ppival=Pz__db«-Cal_f oward+Ml_db
SWRITE iO,2S,VAL$
IF ABS(Pre_err(I))<.1 THEN 3250
Try^Try+i
IF Try<«Max_try THEN 2870
OUTPUT 728j"A123"
DISP "Systen Malfunction Unable to set poyer weter."
PAUSE
SWRITE li,33,VAL$
DISP " Sawpling data froci rotation."
REDIM Dir(Slen),B(Slen),Plotdb(Slen)
MAT Dir=ZER
MAT B=ZER
IF Mdir>0 THEN OUTPUT Card,16;"B4A6" 'probe clockwise
IF Mdir<0 THEN OUTPUT Card > 16> "B6A4" tprobe countei—clockwise?
i
! 3.21 Sample Data froM Hazard Probe and Rotator Box
!A/D Channel -for Probe
!A/D Channel for Rotator Position
SUSPEND INTERACTIVE
FOR J=0 TO Slen
OUTPUT Card,6jlnstr*
ENTER Card,6 BFHS 2 NOFORMAT;B5 THEN 3510
IF B(J><=0 THEN Err21
NEXT J
Errl9: DISP "System Malfunction Check rotator connections."
PAUSE
GOTO 2870
IF J
-------
3550 !
3560 t 3.22 Check for Power Meter Drift
3570 I
3580 CALL Readhp&" dB
3610 hdir=-Hdir
3620 IF ABS(Post__err(I>» .1 THEN 2870
3630 Power=0
3640 Setdb=10*LGT(Valx)
3650 Slen-J#i.l
3660 Sa«p size=J
3670 !
3680 ! 3.24 Convert Values to Plotting Units
3690 \
3700 REDIM Dir(SaMp_size>,BtSattp_size),Plotdb(Sanp_snze)
3710 DISP " Converting values for plotting. (Sawple =">Sanp_sire>")
3720 IF NO4 THEN 3800
3730 FOR J=0 TO Sa«p_size
3740 Trtp=Fsval"-Fsrange+B AND (Sel=l) THEN Chv=i/37.67
3830 FOR J=Q TO Sawp_size
3840 TMp=S THEN TMp=SQR(TMp>
3860 IF Mdir--l THEN Plotdb(J)=20*LGT(Tnp)-Setdb
3870 IF Mdir=i THEN Plotdb(Sanp_size-J)«2Q*LGTCTttp)-Setdta
3880 !
3890 S 3.25 SUM up Powers and Compute Average
3900 J
3920 NEXT J
3930 Avg=Power/Satip_sire
3940 Errdb=10*LGTjMINjPttini(I)
4020 MAT SEARCH Plotdb<*>,MAX>P«axi
4030 Avgi(I)=Avg
4040 Errdbi(I)=Errdb
4050 DISP
GRAPHICS
IF Gp>0 THEN 4330
PLOTTER IS "GRAPHICS"
BEG
!4.i INITIALIZE GRAPHICS
i
! 4.11 Plotting Titles
i
-------
4150
4160
4170
4180
4190
4210
4220
4230
4240
4250
4260
4270
4280
4290
4300
4310
4320
4330
4340
4350
4360
4370
4380
4390
4400
4410
4420
4430
4440
4450
446Q
4470
4480
4490
4500
4510
4S20
4530
4S40
4550
4560
4570
4580
4590
4600
4610
4620
4630
4640
4-650
4660
4670
4680
4690
4700
4710
4720
4730
4740
LORG 6
CSIZE 4.55,7/15
MOVE 60,100
LABEL USING "*,Ku>Title$
CSIZE 3.1,8/15
MOVE 29,94
LABEL USING "*,K">"Applied Field
MOVE 93,94
LABEL USING
IF I>0 THEN
"*,K'V'Meter
4330
Full Scale:
> Bel
4.12 Program Printer for Perforation Skip, and DUMP Title
OUTPUT Card,Printer USING H*,K H;CHR*(i2>&CHR*&Esc«&M«,:L66p55f6diLl>
DUMP GRAPHICS *Card,Printer>90,i00
i
! 4.13 Setup Plotting Parameters, and Scales
LOCATE Pxi(0,Gp>,Px2(Gp>,Pyl(Q,Gp>,PyJ
IF 1=8 THEN OUTPUT Card,Printer USING
'#,K";Esc$&"iU66p50f6dlL"
#*
i
SMin=PROUND-,5,0>
SMax=PROUND
SCALE 0,SaMp_size,Sttin,Snax
FRAME
CSIZE 2.25,7/15
GPRINT Pxi(2,Gp)>Pyi(2>Gp),VAL*(Cf>&tt GHz"
X_corr=Samp_size#.13 !
Grid__x=SaMp__size/4 + iE-4 !
Grid y=SMax-S«in-i \
GPRINT Pxi,Xlabel*
AXES Grid_x,Grid_y ,0 ,Sciin
LORG 8
FOR L=SM3n TO Stiax
MOVE 0,L
LABEL USING "*,MDZ>X"jL
NEXT L
MOVE 0,Errdb
DRAW SaMp_size,Errdb
MOVE Q,S«in
i
i 4.15 Plot converted data
FOR J=0 TO Sa«p_size
PLOT J,Plotdb
NEXT J
LD1R 90
LORG 5
MOVE ~X_corr , (SMin + Stiax >/2
LABEL USING "t^K">"dB Error"
LDIR 0
'round to nearest dB
Y correction factor *X<
#* X correction factor *#
#* X Grid spacing ##
Y Grid spacing #*
** Draw X labels **
i *# Draw Y labelb #*
IF Gp<4 THEN 4710
LIMIT 0,184,0,148
DUMP GRAPHICS *Card,1)2.25,90
Gp = 0
EXIT GRAPHICS
NEXT I
! Systew is closed down by turning on «axiMu« attenuation on switch
! driver. DAC is left open to the previous prograMfied setting in the
-------
4750 ! in the event the user wishes to restore the field Manually.
4760 OUTPUT 728;"Ai23"
4770 GRAPHICS
4780 LIMIT 0,184,0,148
4770 IF (Gp>2) AND (Gp<4> THEN DUMP GRAPHICS *Card^Printerj2.25,90
4800 IF Cp<2 THEN DUMP GRAPHICS *Card,Printer>SO,90
4810 EXIT GRAPHICS
4820 !
4830 ! 4.2 PRINT REPORT SUMMARY
4840 !
48SO PRINTER IS Card printer,WIDTH(132)
4860 PRINT PAGEjLIN<4);TAB«8i-LENjTitle*;LIN
4870 PRINT Day*;" ">Month*;" " >D«te*[5 ; 2 3; " , "> Year ;TAB<54) ; "Star t line •• " >
$>LIN(i>
4880 PRINT "Operator: "jOper*;TAB<59)}"Horn Model; ";VAL$(Ur>
4890 !
4900 ! 4.21 Rotation Statistics
4910 !
4920 PRINT LIN<3) jTAB<35) ^''Rotation Statistics"jLIN(S>
4930 PRINT " Freq. Avg. Reading Avg. Error Low Error High Error H
igh-Low Error"
4940 PRINT " E1,73>")">TAB(30)>"
4950 FOR 1=0 TO Nf-i
4960 PRINT USING 4990 jFreqz < I) jPROUND < Avgi ,~3) ; Errdbi C1) >Prt:i ni ( J); PM^X i (I) >P
ttaxi(I)-P«ini(I)
4970 NEXT I
4980 PRINT LIN<1) j "Applied Field « " >PROUND< Inual ,-3) jLlnits* CN , Sol)
4990 IMAGE D0B . 0»0,4X,5DZ. J)»D,5X,MDZ . DD,8X,M»Z . I)D,7X,MD2.DD, iOX,MDZ . »D
5000 !
5010 ! 4.34 Setting Error SuMrtary
5020 !
S030 PRINT PAGEiLIN(l);TAB<(S5-LEN(Title*))/2)>Title$
5040 PRINT LIN<2)jTABLIN(2)
S050 PRINT " Pre-Rotation Post-Rotation"
S060 PRINT " Frequency Setting Error Setting Error"
5070 PRINT " (GHz) CdB) (dB)"jLINFreqz(I>,Pre_err(I),Post_err(I)
5110 NEXT I
5120 CALL Supmary_plot >Pfiini<*),pMaxi<*>,Errdbi<*»
5130 !
5140 Save_file= !
5150 A*=MN"
5160 INPUT "Would you like to SAVE this «easure*ent (YES or NO)?",A$
5170 A$=UPC$(TRIM$(A$I1>13»
5190 IF A*="N" THEN 5550
5190 IF A*O"Y" THEN Save_file
5200 LINPUT "Enter the File Na«e to SAME data on,",File*[i^63
5210 ASSIGN #1 TO Filet,Status
5220 ON ERROR GOTO Errors
5230 IF StatusOQ THEN S310
5240 A*=Null*
S2SO DISP "FILE: "jFile*&Storet$;" already exists. OK to Re-write File
-------
5300 GOTO Write
5310 IF StatusOl THEN 5350
S320 CREATE File*,15
5330 ASSIGN *i TO File*
5340 GOTO Write
5350 IF Status<>2 THEN Write
5360 DISP "Enter the Protect Code for
5370 INPUT Prot*
5380 ASSIGN *1 TO File*,Status,Prot$
5390 GOTO 5230
5400 Write: !
5410 PRINT *i;Title*>DaTe*,Tine$,Oper*>Wr,Sel,N>Inval,U*lx>FsvQlt*,Fsvalj
ange,Version*
5420 FOR 1=1 TO Tf
5430 PRINT *i;Freqz(I),Pre err,Post_err,PMini,P«axi(I>,Avgi(!),
rrdbi(I)
5440 NEXT I
5450 ASSIGN *i TO *
5460 DISP "DATA HAS BEEN STORED SUCCESSFULLY."
5470 WAIT 2000
5480 PRINT LIN(l)>"Data has been written tot "jFile*&Storet$
5490 ON ERROR GOSUB Err20
5500 GOTO 5550
5510 Errors: !
5520 IF ERRNO59 THEN ErrSO
5530 PRINT "File ";File*j" is not large enough. "
5540 GOTO SaMe_file
5550 GOSUB Get_freq
5560 GOTO Start
5570 END
5580 *
5590 !5.0 IN-LINE SUBROUTINES
5600 !
5610 Set_weter= IF Cf<2 THEN 5970
5620 DISP " Setting Power Meter."
5630 Ni=INT(ABS"999"
5660 Xi=-iG00
5670 CALL Coarse
5680 WAIT 5000
5690 CALL ReadhpCPnf,14)
5700 IF Pnf<--PMval THEN 5740
5710 IF Pwf=-30 THEN 5850
5720 Ni=Ni+lQ
S730 GOTO 5670
5740
5750
S760 X2=(High+Low>/2
5770 OUTPUT 702iMAL*(INT(X2))
5780 CALL ReadhpX2> AND (PrevjiM-f>Pnf) THEN Err6
5800 IF ABS(PMval-PMfX.02 THEN RETURN
5810 IF P«f>P«val THEN Low=X2
5820 IF (Nl<=0) AND (INT
-------
5880
5890 GOTO
5900 !
S910 Err7
5760
DISP "SysteM Malfunction SysteM wide open - unable to set power
5920
5930
er . "
5940
5950
5960
5970
5980
5990
6000
6010
6020
6030
6040
6050
6060
6070
6080
6090
6100
6110
6120
6130
6i40
6150
6160
6170
6180
6190
6200
6210
6220
6230
6240
6250
6260
6270
6280
6290
6300
6310
6320
6330
6340
6350
6360
6370
6380
6390
6400
6410
6420
6430
erse)
6440
GOTO
Abort
DISP
'Systew Malfunction Awplifier saturated - unable to set pow
>PMf> " (Coarse)
Abort: !
OUTPUT 728; "A123"
STOP
High=Low=Q
CALL Seta«<0)
CALL SetaMpUNT(Pg))
CALL Readhp-Pttval THEN 6070
Pg=Pg+l
High-1
GOTO 5990
IF High THEN Fine
Pg*Pg~i
Low=l
GOTO 5990
Fine; High=99
Low=0
X2=(High+Low>/2
CALL Seta«
CALL Readhp(Pnf ,13)
DISP " Setting Power Meter -. " }PMf; " "
IF <2> THEN RETURN
IF P*f>P«val THEN L ow=X2
IF P«f,P«axi(Tf > ,Pre_err(Tf
EXIT GRAPHICS
Nf=500 SMaximiM Nuwber of Frequencies
REDIM FreqzCNf ) , Aygi (Nf ) ,Errdbi (Nf )
REDIM Po*t_err(Nf>
CALL Enterf (Nf ,Freqz<*)>
Tf=Nf-i
REDIM Freqz(Tf >,Avgi(Tf ),Errdbi(Tf )
REDIM Post_err4 THEN 6370
Cal_f oward= . 90606*Cf M-9 . 06729*Cf A3+31 . 9902*Cf "2-46 . 5373*Cf +52 . 99361
Cal__reverse= . 939396#Cf A4-9 . 3717*Cf *3+32 . 968S*Cf A2~47 . 8i*Cf +43 . 94
RETURN
IF Cf>8 THEN 6410
Cal foward--. 0584512*Cf A3+i . 3509968*Cf A2~9 . 7194S9*Cf+52 . 002673
Ca llrewer se«- . 027542i*Cf "3+ . 77S3252*Cf A2-6 . 3861 03*Cf +35. 926958
RETURN
Cal_f oward= . 0017077*Cf *4- . 07846*Cf A3+l . 4525*Cf A2-12 . 244*Cf +67 . 136
Cal_reverse=.Qi490293*Cf A3- . 32i05i*Cf A2+i . 95395*Cf +18 . 804
SWR?TE 18,10>1*Cal_foward="4VAL*(Cal_foward)&"
RETURN
-------
6450
6460
6470
6480
6490
6500
i
Setup screen
f
PRINTER IS
: ! Setup the HORNGO Screen
16
EXIT GRAPHICS
SCREATE 20,
32
6?iiO Sub setup: SWRITE i , 19/'Anechoic Range Automatic Control System"
6520
6530
6540
6550
6560
6570
6580
6590
6600
6610
6620
6630
6640
6650
6660
6670
6680
6690
6700
6710
6720
6730
6740
6750
6760
6770
6780
6790
6800
6810
6820
6830
6840
6850
6860
6870
6880
6890
6900
6910
6920
6930
6940
6950
6960
6970
6980
6990
7000
7010
7020
7030
7840
SWRITE 4,i,
SWRITE 4,55
SWRITE 6,1,
SWRITE 6,50
SWRITE 7,5,
SWRITE 7,50
SWRITE 9,50
SWRITE 9,1,
SWRITE 10,5
SWRITE 11,5
SWRITE 12,5
SWRITE 20,1
RETURN
Set_freq= !
Ma x__l ow-2
Maxjiigh=18
CALL Setamp
IF Max high) THEN Errl7
CALL Set_fre?q_8620,-6)*1000
S)
! Miscellanous Program Errors
!
Errl7: DISP
PAUSE
STOP
Err2i= DISP
PAUSE
RETURN
Err20 - DISP
GOTO 6840
! END
i
SUB DcoKA*
f
"Program Malfunction Error in setting frequency on 8620"
"System Malfunction Check meter connections."
"Program Malfunction Program Error; "jERRM$
) ! *
! SUB DcoKA*)
! A$
i
Size=LEN(A$
FOR 1=0 TO
DISP TAB
WAIT 75
NEXT I
FOR I=i TO
WAIT 325
DISP A*t
WAIT 325
DIBP A*
BEEP
NEXT I
String to Display
}
Size-i
(Size~I>iA*ti,H-U
3
23
-------
7050 WAIT 40*Size
7060 SUBEXIT
7070 SUBEND
7080 !
7090 SUB Cfreq)
7180 OUTPUT 719; VI"&REM*,Month$<*>
7600 DATA Saturday,Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday
7610 DATA January,February,March,April>May)June,July,August,
7620 DATA October,Novewber,Decenber
7630 Year=1983
7640 OUTPUT 9}"Recall time"
-------
7650 ENTER 9jMonth,Day,Hour,Minute,Sec
7660 Honth$-Month$Minute>Sec
7700 GOTO 7750
7710 M*="AM"
7720 IF HourHl THEN M$="PM"
7730 IF 12) OR Hour ^Minute), M$
7750 Year_=Year-CMonth<3)
7760 HDnth-Month+12#(Month<3)
7770 Year -INT(1.25#Year_) -INT(Year /100)+lNT MOD 7
7790 Day$=Day* " . " ,Z2, " . "
7840 Ti«e_format2: IMAGE t,IX>DD,".",22," ",AA
7850 SUBEND
7860 I
7870 DEF FNC(V,F*,Pr)! ***FNC
7880 I
DEF FNC(V,F*,Pr)
Numeric value
F$ String equivalent
Pr Power Rounding Factor
Description
Use internally to convert Hz to kH7> Mhz, GHz, etc
7890
7900
7910
7920
7930
7940
7950
7960
7970 DIM Nn*(-i:3H33
7980 READ N«*<#>
7990 DATA MHz,Hz,kHz,MHz,GHz
8000 I=INT(LGT(V)/3)
8010 F$=NM$"D-V"
8150 WAIT (Range=73)*400Q
8i60 ENTER 7,Paddr USING "B,B,X,F";Stat»s>Range,Power
8170 IF Status=80 THEN 8260
8180 Err$="Power Meter Malfunction."
8190 IF
-------
SUB Enterf(Nfreq,SHORT FreqxC*))
Nfreq Nunber of Frequencies that were entered
Freqx(#) The actual frequency values
Description
Subroutine to enter frequencies from the keyboard inti the program
8250 GOTO Start
8260 IF (XOi) AND (ABS>! ***Enterf
8350 '
8360
8370
8380
8390
8400
8410
8420
8430 DIM Z$[251,AM16(n
8440 PRINTER JS 16
8450 Enter__freq: Nf~0
8460 Z$="R"
8470 INPUT "Do you want to enter seperate frequencies or a range? U(>"S" THEN 8460
8500 ON ERROR GOTO Bad_ni)Hber
8510 !
8520 ! Enter frequencies Seperatly
8S30 !
8540 Z*-Null$
8SSO A$=Null*
8560 DISP "Enter Frequency (GHz) *"jNf+ijZ$;
8570 LINPUT A*
8580 Size=LEN(A$>
8590 IF Size=0 THEN Exit
8600 FOR 1=1 TO Size
8610 C=POS(A*i;i,Si2e];% ")
8620 IF C=0 THEN 8660
8630 X=OI-2
8640 Freqx(Nf
8650 GOTO 8670
8660 Freqx(Nf)=
8670 IF 18) OR (StartMB) OR (Stop THEN Range
8810 IF ABS(5top-Start)/Inc+i<=Nfreq THEN 8840
8820 CALL DcolC'Too nany Frequencies, Change diwension size.")
8830 GOTO Range
-------
8840 FOR Freq-Start TO Stop STEP Inc
8850 FreqxCNf)-Freq
8860 Nf=Nf+i
8870 NEXT Freq
8880 Exit= IF Nf>0 THEN 8910
8890 CALL DcDl<"No Frequencies Defined, Try Again...")
8900 GOTO Enter_freq
8910 Nfreq=Nf
8920 SUBEXIT
89.30 BadjriUMber = !
8940 IF ERRN032 THEN 10559
89SO CALL DcoK "Illegal Naweric Response. Try Again...")
8960 GOTO 8550
8970 SUBEND
8980 Set_freq 8620= !
8990 SUB Set_freq_8620(SHORT F_ghz,INTEGER Band) ! ##*Set_freq__862Q
9000 SHORT Low_UMit,Band_range(l:3),Pi,P2
9010 READ Low_J.i«it(*>,Band_range<*>,Pi,P2
9020 DATA 2, 6, 12, 4.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.1, 12.2
9030 Band=l+(F_ghz>Pl)+P2)-3*((F_ghz<2) OR CF_ghz>18.6)>
9040 IF Band>0 THEN 9090
9050 A*="F_ghz="
9060 BEEP
9070 EDIT "8620C - Frequency Out of Range",A$
9080 GOTO 9030
9090 y=(F ghz-Low_li«it(Band))#iO/Band_range9.9995 THEN V$=":ODOE"
9120 OUTPUT 706 USING 9130;Band,V$
9130 IMAGE "MiB",K,"V",K
9140 SUBEND
9150 \
9160 Coarse: ! ###Coarse
9170 SUB CoarseCINTEGER Nl)
9180 N=MIN(ABS(INT7)
9190 A*="A"&RPT$("i",BIT(N,0))&RPT*("2",BIT(N,1)>4RPT*("3",BITNOT BIT(N,0))&RPT*<"2",NOT BIT(N,1))&RPT*<"3",NOT BIT(N,2>
>
9210 OUTPUT 728;RPT$i)&RPT$
9220 SUBEND
9230 !
9240 Su«Mary_plot: !
92SO SUB SuMMary_jplotSHORT Freqz (*) ,PMini <*) ,P«axi <# ) ,Errdbi (*))
9260 !
9270 ! 4.3 SUMMARY GRAPH
9280 (
9290 INTEGER Point(Tf)
9300 PLOTTER IS "GRAPHICS"
9310 GRAPHICS
9320 DEC
9330 i
9340 ! 4.31 Setup Scaling, and Plotting LiMits
9350 !
9360 LOCATE 20,120,10,93
9370 MAT SORT Freqz<*) TO Point
9380 FMin=Freqz,MINjSMin
9410 MAT SEARCH P«axi(*>,MAXj
9420 SMin=PRDUND(SMin-.5,0)
-------
9430
9440
9450
9460
9470
9480
9490
9500
9510
9520
9530
9540
9550
9560
9570
9580
9590
9600
9610
9620
9630
9640
9650
9660
9670
9680
9690
9700
9710
9720
9730
9740
9750
9760
9770
9780
9790
9800
9810
9820
9830
9840
9850
9860
9870
9880
9890
9900
9910
9920
9930
9940
9950
9960
9970
9980
9990
10000
10010
10020
x=PRQUND < Swa x + . 5 > 0 >
Tf>0 THEN Fc=(Fnax-F«in)/T-F
Fc=F«ax/2
IF
IF Tf=0 THEN
F«in-Frtin-Fc
F«a x=Fna x+Fc
IF FMin=F«ax
THEN 14757
SCALE FMin,FMax,SMin>8Max
FRAME
CSIZE 2.75
Y_eorr=*.01
Xc-X_corr
CLIP Fnin-X corr,F«in,Sfun,S«ax
AXES Fc,1,FMin,Sttin
UNCLIP
LORG 8
FOR I=S«in TO Snax
MOVE F«in-X_corr*2,I
LABEL USING "*,MI)Z" jl
NEXT I
LORG 5
LDIR 0
FOR 1=0 TO Tf STEP INT«Tf-l>/10
MOVE FreqzU>,SMin-Y_eorr
DRAW Freqz,S«iri
MOVE Freqz,Snin-Y_corr*3
LABEL USING "#,K";Freqz15 THEN X_corr^0
FOR J=0 TO Tf
I«Point
LINE TYPE 10
MOVE Freqz(I)>PMini(I)
DRAU Freq2(I),Pfiaxi(I)
DRAW Freqz(I),P«ini(I)
LINE TYPE 1
! ** Label the Y axis #*
i
4.32 Mark the? Average Error with a Circle
LORG 5
LDIR 0
MOVE Freqz(I),Errdbi(I>
LABEL USING "*,K";"0"
!
! 4.33 Label the Plot and DUMP it to the Graphics Printer
i
LORG 4
IF Tf>iS THEN LORG 2
IF Tf>i5 THEN LDIR 90
MOVE Freqz(I)~X_corr,P«axi(I)+Ymcorr
LABEL USING "*>MBZ.DD">PMaxiPwini(I>
NEXT J
X_corr=Xc
LORG 5
CSIZE 3.3
-------
10030 LDIR 90
10040 MOVE F«in-X corr*6, (Sfiin+Smax >/2
1QQSO LABEL USING""*,K">"dB Error"
10060 LDIR 0
10070 Xi=/2
10080 HOME Xi>Sttin-Y c.orr*8
itJ090 LABEL USING "*,K" ; "Frequency (GHz)"
10100 CSIZE 4
iOiifl MOVE XI,S«ax+Y_corr#4
Ipi20 LABEL USING "*,K " >Titlet
10130 PRINT PAGE
10140 DUMP GRAPHICS #10?i
10150 SUBEND
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
NflRDR MODEL GG1G PROBE 8G21 S/N 09008
flppiied Field; t.5
8-2 GHz
fe
u
5
180* 270° 360° 90°
Meter Full Scale: 2 !»H/cro*2
8.6 GHz
-t
186° 270' 360° 98° 180*
9 GHz
i t I
180° 270* 360° 98° I80&
9.8 GHz
180° 276* 360° 90° 180°
9.4 GHz
-I
188° 276° 368° 90° 180°
18.2 GHz
\y
180° 276° 360° 98° 188°
-------
10.6 GHz
L.
O
J I
188° 270° 360° 98° 188°
11 GHz
-L
n
TO
j I
-2
180° 278° 360° 96* 18QC
11.4 GHz
«•>!
188° 270° 368° 90* 188°
11.8 GHz
fc
-I
180° 270° 360* 90* 139°
12-2 GHz
-1
188° 270* 360* 98° 180°
-------
NARDA MODEL 8616 PROBE 8621 S/N 09008
Thursday May 19, 1983 Start TiMe= 11.52 AH
Operator: MICHAEL R. MOLONY Horn Model: 640
Rotation Statistics
Freq. Avg. Reading Avg, Error Low Error High Error High-Low Error
(GHz) (dB) (dB)
8.200 1.389 -0.33 -0.45 -0.27 0.18
8.600 1.369 -0.40 -O.S2 -0,23 0.29
9,000 1.484 -0.05 -0.13 0.09 0.23
9.400 1.366 -0.41 -0.52 -0.34 0.18
9.800 1.172 -1.07 -1.17 -0.97 0.19
10.200 1.307 -0.60 -0.77 -0.51 0.26
10.600 1.335 -0.51 -0.57 -0.46 O.il
11.000 1.182 -1.03 -1.13 -0.92 0.20
11.400 1.261 -0.75 -0.83 -0.68 0.15
11.800 1.391 -0.33 -0.38 -0.27 O.ii
12.200 1.244 -0.81 -0.86 -0.77 0.09
Applied Field = 1.5 «U/CMA2
-------
NARDA MODEL 8616 PROBE 8621 S/N 09008
Power Meter Setting Error
PreHRotation Post-Rotation
Frequency Setting Error Setting Error
(GHz)
-------
NRRDR MODEL 8616 PROBE 8621 S/N 09008
i.
LJ
m
"D
0
e.es
I
!
-a.
-B.I 3
•i -
-e,34
x
I
I
-0.77
-0,97
-B.ee
I
JL
-0.92-8.83
I
-v.77
j_
-0.8B
-1,17
i.2 6,6
9.4 9.8 10,2 10.S 11 13.4 11,8 12.2
Frequency (GHz)
-------
REFERECES
Jull, E. V., Finite-Range Gain of Sectoral and Pyramidal Horns, Electronic
Letters, Vol. 6, pp. eau-iai I October ib, 19/OJ.
Larsen, E, B. (1979). Techniques for producing standard EM fields from 10 kHz
to 10 GHz for evaluating radiation monitors. In Electromagnetic Fields in
81 o 1 ogi call Sy s tern s , proceedings of a symposium held in Ottawa, Canada,
June 27-30, 1978, published oy the International Microwave Power Institute,
publication 78CH1438-1 MTT, pp. 96-112.
Love, A. W,, Electromagnetic Horn Antennas. IEEE Press Copyright 1976.
Tell, R. A., (1981). Instrumentation for Measurement of Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields: Equipment, Calibrations, and Selected Applications.
Presented at NATO advanced study Institute Course, in Erice Italy, March 28 -
April 8.
White, Donald R. J., Electromagnetic
pp. 313-317, Copyright 1971.
Interference and Compatability, Vol. 4,
Woods, D., Standard Intensity Electromagnetic Field Installations for
Calibration of Radiation Hazard Monitors from 400 MHz to 40 GHz, Nonionizing
Radiation, Vol. 1, pp. 9-17 (June 1969).
54
------- |