ENERGYSTAR
ENERGY STAR® and Other
Climate Protection Partnerships
2011 Annual Report
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS
2011 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Letter from the Administrator 1
Executive Summary 2
Highlights of 2011 4
ENERGY STAR Overview 8
ENERGY STAR Certified Products 13
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector 19
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector 23
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector 27
Climate Leaders 30
Clean Energy Supply Programs 32
Green Power Partnership 33
Combined Heat and Power Partnership 34
State and Local Programs and Initiatives 36
State Climate and Energy Program 37
Local Climate and Energy Program 37
Clean Energy and Utility Policy Programs 38
Methane Programs 39
Natural Gas STAR Program 40
AgSTAR Program 42
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program 43
Landfill Methane Outreach Program 44
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs 47
Demonstrating Progress 53
List of Figures 59
List of Tables 60
References 61
For information, please visit our programs atwww.epa.gov/cppd, www.energystar.gov, www.epa.gov/greenpower, www.epa.gov/chp, www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal/index.htm,
www.epa.gov/methane, and www.epa.gov/highgwp.
NOTE: The data source for all figures and tables in this 2011 Annual Report is EPA's Climate Protection Partnership Programs unless otherwise noted. Historical totals have been updated based on the
most recent available data.
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LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
November 2012
For almost 20 years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has partnered with organizations across America
to help develop and deliver innovative, cost-effective solutions and approaches to help protect
our climate.
Through cutting-edge investments in energy-efficient and clean-energy technologies and practices, EPA's
ENERGY STAR and climate-protection partners are tackling the challenges of climate change while improving
our health and strengthening our economy.
The accomplishments include:
• Americans saved more than $23 billion on their utility bills in 2011 with the help of ENERGY STAR and
prevented an amount of greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to what 43 million vehicles would
produce.
• Since the Green Power Partnership was introduced in 2001, nearly 1,300 organizations have
committed to use about 25 billion kilowatt-hours of green power each year.
• More than 400 partners have installed more than 5,400 megawatts of new combined heat and power
since the Combined Heat and Power Partnership launched in 2001.
• Through its partnerships in 2011, EPA's methane andfluorinated greenhouse gas programs used EPA
tools and resources to avoid the equivalent of emissions from more than 23 million vehicles.
EPA's ENERGY STAR and climate protection partners are saving consumers money while improving our health
and fostering lasting prosperity. EPA will continue to build on the success of these partnerships to address
climate change through comprehensive, commonsense solutions that benefit all Americans and
the world.
Sincerely,
Lisa P.Jackson
Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Climate change is one of the global community's most pressing environmental issues. Practical, cost-
effective solutions exist for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and protecting the environment
through the adoption of energy efficiency, clean energy supply options, and other climate-friendly policies.
But market barriers persist and limit widespread investment in those solutions. For the past 19 years, the
United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) climate protection partnership programs have
implemented innovative strategies and practices to overcome market barriers, with outstanding success
(see Table 1).
EPA's partnership programs are dismantling barriers across the residential, commercial, and industrial
sectors by developing tools, offering technical assistance, and sharing best practices. That support
combined with voluntary standards, objective information, and public recognition has solidified EPA's
partnership programs as valuable resources for the many households, businesses, and organizations that
are changing the way they use energy.
In 2011, EPA's climate protection partnerships once again realized impressive results from their efforts to
reduce GHG emissions.1 The more than 23,000 organizations across the U.S. that have partnered with EPA
in these programs, along with millions of American consumers, have achieved significant environmental
and economic benefits (see Table 2, p. 5):2
• Preventing more than 368 million metric tons (in MMTC02e) of GHG emissions—equivalent to the
emissions from 72 million vehicles (see Figure 4, p. 6)—with net savings to consumers and businesses of
about $24 billion in 2011 alone.
• Preventing more than 3,160 MMTC02e of GHG emissions cumulatively and providing net savings to
consumers and businesses of more than $200 billion due to investments made through 2011.
• Investing about $113 billion in energy-efficient, climate-friendly technologies through 2011.
' This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions attributable to
WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be about 584 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent IMMTC02e) in 2011.
2 Cumulative benefits from partnership activities through 2011 do not include the benefits that will persist beyond 2011, such as the benefits that will persist over the life of the investments already made
and the potential to influence future investments. All reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions are reported in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent IMMTC02e).
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
Energy
Consumers
Utilities
Industries with
High Global
Warming
Potential (GWP)
State and Local
Policy and
Decisionmakers
Lack of information about energy efficiency
and renewable energy options
Competing claims in the marketplace
Lack of objective measurement tools
High transaction costs
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Split incentives
Perceptions of organizational risks
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
Lack of objective measurement tools
Lack of information about energy efficency
program costs and benefits
Disincentives for energy efficiency in
existing regulations and energy
planning processes
Lack of objective measurement tools
High investment costs
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
Lack of information about clean energy
policies
Lack of reliable technical assistance
Lack of objective basis for recognition of
environmental stewardship
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includes utilities.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
Highlights of 2011
Promoting Energy Efficiency Through
ENERGY STAR®
Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR program has served as
a trusted source for voluntary standards and unbiased
information to help consumers and organizations across the
country adopt energy-efficient products and practices as
cost-effective strategies for reducing GHGs and protecting
our climate. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA continues
to promote energy efficiency across the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors (see Figure 2). In 2011,
EPA's ENERGY STAR efforts helped Americans:
• Save more than 277 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)—about
5 percent of U.S. electricity demand.
• Prevent 221 million metric tons of GHGs—equivalent to
the annual emissions from 43 million vehicles.
• Save more than $23 billion on their energy bills.
These benefits are more than four times those in 2000 (see
Figure 1). Additional ENERGY STAR program highlights, with
notable achievements for 2011 and cumulatively, include:
ENERGY STAR Certified Products
• More than 40,000 individual product models, produced
by over 1,700 manufacturing partners, have earned the
ENERGY STAR across more than 60 product categories.
• Americans purchased about 300 million ENERGY STAR
certified products in 2011, bringing the total to about
3.8 billion since 2000.3
New Home Construction
• More than 130,000 ENERGY STAR certified new homes
were constructed in 2011 alone—representing 26 percent
of housing starts in the U.S. Since the program's launch,
more than 1.3 million homes have been built to ENERGY
STAR guidelines.
Home Improvement
• Over 50,000 existing homes were retrofitted through Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR in 2011—for a total of
more than 150,000 retrofits—with the help of more than
1,800 participating contractors in more than 30 states.
Commercial Buildings
• More than 7,500 buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in
2011 for a cumulative total of nearly 16,500 buildings—
representing in excess of 2.5 billion square feet of U.S.
building space.
• Over 260,000 buildings, representing more than 28 billion
square feet of space and more than 40 percent of the
total market, were assessed for energy efficiency using
Portfolio Manager, EPA's ENERGY STAR measurement and
tracking tool.
Industrial Sector
• The ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry continued to
grow and by the end of 2011,416 sites had taken the
challenge to improve their efficiency by 10 percent within
5 years. One hundred sites have achieved that goal,
saving over 18.4 trillion British thermal unit(Btu) in energy.
FIGURE 1. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR Benefits Have More Than Tripled
in
I I I I I I I I I I I
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Energy Saved (Billion kWh)
,,llll I
MINIMI '
u
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Emissions Saved in Vehicle Equivalents (Millions)
3 Does not include purchases of light bulbs.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
FIGURE 2. U.S. C02 Emissions by Sector and Non-C02 Gases
by Percent of Total GHGs
Other
Non-C02 Gases
, 6.6%
Methane
Emissions
9.8% \
Transportation
Agriculture
1.2% '
Commercial
14.8%
Recognizing Corporate Environmental Leadership
During its 10 years of activity, the Climate Leaders program
achieved a number of significant milestones while working to
reduce GHG emissions. Climate Leaders partners represented
a variety of industries and sectors, from manufacturers
and utilities to financial institutions and retailers, all of
whom voluntarily agreed to account for and reduce GHG
emissions. Recognizing however that states and nonprofits
are now well-positioned to work with companies and other
entities to continue their climate leadership, assisting them
in GHG reporting that goes above and beyond mandatory
requirements and in establishing facility or corporate-level
GHG reduction goals, EPA phased out the program effective
September 30,2011.
Transforming the Clean Energy Marketplace
EPA's Clean Energy Supply programs—the Green Power
Partnership and the Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Partnership—are designed to increase the nation's supply
of clean energy and accelerate the adoption of clean energy
supply technologies throughout the U.S. (see Figures,
p. 6). Since 2001, both programs have provided technical
assistance and recognized significant leadership in end-use
efficiency and use of renewable energy. By engaging nearly
1,300 partners in the purchase of about 25 billion kWh of
green power annually and 404 partners in the installation of
more than 269 megawatts (MW) of new CHP capacity, the
Clean Energy Supply programs reduced GHG emissions by
29.6 MMTC02e in 2011 alone.
TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2011 (in Billions of 2011 Dollars and MMTCO e)
Residential
17.6%
\
Industry
24%
Source: U.S. EPA 2012a.
BENEFITS FOR 2011
PROGRAM
NET SAVINGS
(BILLIONS)
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCO,e)
CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993-2011
PV OF BILL PV OF TECHNOLOGY PVOFNET
SAVINGS EXPENDITURES SAVINGS
(BILLIONS) (BILLIONS) (BILLIONS)
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCO,e)
ENERGY STAR Total
Certified Products
and Homes
Buildings
Industry
Clean Energy Programs
Methane Programs
FGHG Programs
TOTAL
$23.4
$13.8
$7.8
$1.8
$0.6
$24.0
221.2
102.4
86.6
32.2
29.6
63.9
53.9
368.6
$300.8
$140.5
$129.5
$30.8
$13.9
$314.7
$106.8
$35.2
$58.8
$12.8
N/A
$7.1
N/A
$113.9
$194.0
$105.3
$70.7
$18.0
$6.8
$200.8
PV: Present Value
NOTE: Technological Expenditures include O&M Expenses for Methane programs. Bill Savings and Net Savings include revenue from sales of methane and electricity.
1,641
665
695
281
158
774
594
3,167
7bfa/s may not equal sum
N/A:
of components due to independent rounding. Cumulative benefits from partnership activities through 2011 do not include the benefits that will persist beyond 2011.
Not applicable
Not available
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
Expanding Clean Energy Opportunities for State
and Local Governments
EPA works with state and local governments to overcome
the informational and institutional barriers that can limit
development of energy efficiency and clean energy policies.
For example, in 2011:
• EPA held a workshop for the 50 Climate Showcase
Communities that are piloting local and tribal government
climate change initiatives and launched a new website
for the program.
• EPA hosted an extensive suite of webinars and supported
peer exchange among states, local governments, the heat
island community, and energy efficiency practitioners.
• EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continued
to facilitate the State and Local Energy Efficiency Action
Network that provides guidance on policies and practices
to bring energy efficiency to scale.
FIGURE 3. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type
Petroleum
Other 0-9%
Hydroelectric
Conventional
6.2%
Renewables*
4.0%
Other
0.6%
Nuclear
19.6%
Coal
44.8%
Natural Gas
23.9%
"Includes wind, photovoltaic energy, solar thermal, geothermal, landfill gas, agricultural
byproducts, wood, and other renewable sources.
Source: Energy Information Administration IEIA) 2011b.
FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 368 MMTC02e—Equivalent to Emissions From 72 Million Vehicles
400-
300
250
150
Illllllllll
| Total FGHG Savings
| Total CH4 Savings
| Total C02 Savings
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Note: For Total FGHG Savings 2007- 2011 include savings from GreenChill. 2009-2011 include savings from RAD.
2008
2009
2010
2011
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Reducing Methane Emissions and Recovering an
Energy Resource
Methane (CH4) is both a potent GHG and a highly desirable
clean fuel. EPA's methane programs continued to reduce
emissions—from landfills, agriculture (manure management),
oil and natural gas systems, and coal mines—and to develop
projects to recover and use the methane whenever feasible.
The programs avoided GHG emissions of 63.9 MMTC02e
in 2011, exceeding their reduction goals and maintaining
national methane emissions from these target sources 15
percent below 1990 levels.
Reducing Fluorinated GHG (FGHG) Emissions
Many of the fluorinated gases—including chloro-
fluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are extremely powerful and
persistent GHGs. Together in 2011, these programs avoided
53.9 MMTC02e of GHG emissions.
Honoring Partner Accomplishments
EPA recognized the accomplishments of many outstanding
partners in its climate protection partnership programs with
the following awards:
• ENERGY STAR Award Winners (see Table 6, p. 12).
• Green Power Leadership Awards (see Table 13, p. 33).
• ENERGY STAR CHP Awards (see Table 15, p. 35).
• Natural Gas STAR Awards (see Table 17, p. 41).
• Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
(see Table 18, p. 45).
The 2011 Annual Report
EPA's programs continue to advance GHG reduction goals
and deliver greater benefits each year. These benefits can
only grow as more businesses, public sector institutions,
households, and others adopt the practices promoted by the
climate protection partnerships (see Table 3). This annual
report presents detailed information on EPA's 2011 efforts
within each of the partnerships mentioned in this Executive
Summary. Each individual program section includes:
• Program overview and accomplishments.
• Environmental and economic benefits achieved in 2011.
• Summaries of the major tools and resources offered by
the program.
• Goals for the future.
EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program
results and using well-established methods to estimate
the benefits of its climate partnership programs. Specific
approaches vary by program strategy, sector, availability
of data, and market characteristics (these methods are
reviewed in the Demonstrating Progress section of the
report, p. 53). For each program, EPA addresses common
issues that arise when estimating program benefits, such
as data quality, double counting, free-ridership, external
promotion by third parties, and market effects, among
others. The information presented in this annual report is
similar to much of the information used in the U.S. Office
of Management and Budget(OMB) Program Assessment
Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA programs to be
achieving their goals.
TABLE 3. Long-Term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (in MMTCO e)
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR
Clean Energy Supply Programs
Methane Programs
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs
Responsible Appliance Disposal*
GreenChill Partnership*
TOTAL
GOALS
2011 2012
221.2
29.6
63.9
53.9
0.3
4.1
368.6
190
29
66
69
0.5
4.5
354
2015
235
44
73
79
0.6
6.0
431
*The GHGs addressed by RAD and GreenChill include MFCs. The numbers reflected do not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of
2.1-3.1 MMTCO,e.
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ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
ENERGYSTAR
As one of our nation's important environmental challenges, climate change demands practical, proven
solutions that can be implemented today to protect us tomorrow. Under EPA's leadership, many consumers,
businesses, and organizations have already taken action by investing in energy efficiency. Their
investments are transforming the market for efficient products and practices, creating jobs, and stimulating
the economy. Working together, we can accelerate the efficiency improvements at home, at work, and in
our communities and continue to make positive impacts on human health and the environment.
The ENERGY STAR program has been instrumental in identifying cost-effective, innovative solutions for
reducing GHG emissions since it was launched by EPA in 1992. The program has boosted the adoption of
energy-efficient products, practices, and services through valuable partnerships, objective measurement
tools, and consumer education. EPA will continue to dismantle barriers to widespread adoption of energy
efficiency through ENERGY STAR by serving as a trusted source of unbiased information that helps
Americans make choices that are good for the environment and the economy.
Benefits have grown steadily since the program's inception and will continue to grow as consumers and
businesses further leverage ENERGY STAR and take action to:
• Select efficient products in more than 60 product categories.
• Purchase efficient new homes.
• Invest in home improvements to enhance efficiency.
• Enhance the efficiency of public and private commercial buildings.
• Design efficient buildings.
• Improve the efficiency of industrial facilities.
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ENERGY STAR: OVERVIEW
Achievements in 2011
National Benefits
The combined achievements across the entire ENERGY STAR
program are impressive (see Table 4):
• Financial Savings. Americans saved more than $23 billion
on their utility bills across the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors.
Energy Savings. Americans avoided the need for more
than 277 billion kWh of electricity or about 5 percent of the
total 2011 U.S. electricity demand.
GHG Emissions Prevented. Americans prevented 221
million metric tons of GHG emissions, equivalent to the
annual emissions from 43 million vehicles.
TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2011
All Certified Products '
New Homes2
Commercial Building
Improvements3
Industrial
Improvements4
PROGRAM TOTAL for
ENERGY STAR
2011
ENERGY SAVED
(BILLION kWH)
ACHIEVED
136.0
2.1
119.7
19.9
277.7 5
2011
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
GOAL
89.8
6.6
60.5
19.4
176.3
(MMTC02e)
ACHIEVED
99.7
2.7
86.6
32.2
221.2
2012
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED (MMTC02e)
GOAL
97.2
7.3
64.2
21.3
190
'Results for certified products from DNVKEMA, 2012? Results for certified homes from CPPD, 2011. 'Results for commercial building improvements from Horowitz, 2012a.
"Results from industrial sector improvements from Horowitz, 2012b.s The kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 35 gigawatts (GWI, based on conservation load factors developed by
LBNLIKoomeyetal., 19901.
Key Achievements by Program Focus
About half of the program benefits realized in 2011 can be
attributed to the purchase and use of products and new
homes that earned the ENERGY STAR. The use of energy
management strategies by organizations in the commercial
and industrial sectors accounted for the remaining program
benefits. Other key achievements in 2011 included
(see Table 5, p. 11):
• ENERGY STAR Awareness. More than 80 percent of
American households recognize the ENERGY STAR label.
Additionally, more than three-quarters of the households
that knowingly purchased an ENERGY STAR certified
product credited the label as an important factor in their
decision.
• Products. American consumers purchased about 300
million products that had earned the ENERGY STAR—
despite the economic downturn—for a cumulative total of
about 3.8 billion products purchased since 2000.4
• Residential Buildings. Since the program's launch, more
than 1.3 million ENERGY STAR certified homes have
been built in the U.S. More than 130,000 new homes
were constructed to meet ENERGY STAR guidelines in
2011 alone, representing 26 percent of new home starts
nationwide.5
• Commercial Buildings. Through 2011, more than 40
percent of the nation's building space was assessed for
energy performance. Nearly 16,500 buildings have earned
the ENERGY STAR, while more than 400 new building
design projects have achieved Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR.
• Industrial Facilities. EPA's ENERGY STAR Industrial
Focuses expanded to include 23 sectors and subsectors
with the launch of the printing Focus. EPA awarded the
ENERGY STAR to over 70 plants in 2011—including three
container glass plants for the first time—bringing the
cumulative total to 110.
"Light bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR certified products purchased.
'Single family site-built new homes.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
Partnership-Driven Change
Nearly 20,000 organizations across the U.S. have partnered
with ENERGY STAR to realize significant environmental and
economic benefits. These partners include:
• Manufacturers. More than 1,700 manufacturers using the
ENERGY STAR label to differentiate over 40,000 individual
product models across more than 60 product categories.
• Retailers. Some 2,500 retail partners bringing products
that have earned the ENERGY STAR and educational
information to their customers.
• Builders. More than 6,700 builder partners constructing
new homes that qualify for the ENERGY STAR in every
state and the District of Columbia—saving homeowners
money while maintaining high levels of comfort.
• Service and Product Providers. Hundreds of service and
product providers are actively working with clients to
adopt a whole-building approach to energy management
and helping more than 100,000 client buildings track
their energy performance through Portfolio Manager,
supporting more than 4,200 buildings, of the nearly 16,500,
earn the ENERGY STAR in 2011.
Building and Facility Owners. More than 5,500 private
businesses, public sector organizations, and industrial
facilities investing in energy efficiency and reducing
energy use in their buildings and facilities.
Energy Efficiency Program Sponsors. About 700 utilities,
states, and other energy efficiency program sponsors
leveraging ENERGY STAR resources to improve the
efficiency of commercial buildings, industrial facilities,
and homes.
Industrial Partners. More than 690 industrial program
partners working within their industry to identify ways to
manage energy strategically, minimize energy risks, and
reduce emissions.
Other Partners. Thousands of energy raters, financial
institutions, architects, and building engineers making
energy efficiency more widely available through ENERGY
STAR, thus providing additional value to their customers.
Environmental Leaders. EPA and DOE will recognize the
outstanding commitments of 117 partners at the March
2012 Partner of the Year Awards ceremony (see Table 6,
p. 12).
10
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ENERGY STAR: OVERVIEW
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2011
ENERGY STAR
PROGRAM STRATEGY
Efficient Products
(for more information, see p. 13)
KEY INDICATOR
Product Categories Eligible for ENERGY STAR
Individual Product Models Qualifying
Products Purchased1-2
Public Awareness
Manufacturing Partners
Retail Partners
YEAR OF RESULTS
33
11,000
600 million
40%
1,600
550
>60
> 40,000
-3.8 billion3
> 80%
> 1,700
2,500
New Homes
(for more information, see p. 19)
Number of Certified New Homes Built1
Percent of National New Home Starts
Markets with over 26% Market Share
Builder Partners
25,000
<1%
0
1,600
> 1,300,000
26%
15
> 6,700
Home Improvement
(for more information, see p. 20)
Homes Improved through Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR1
Homes Benchmarked using Yardstick1
> 150,0
> 450,0
Existing Commercial Buildings
(for more information, see p. 23)
Number of Buildings with an ENERGY STAR Score1
Building Square Footage with an ENERGY STAR Score1
Percent of Commercial Square Footage with an
ENERGY STAR Score
Building Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR
Number of Buildings Certified1
Building Square Footage Certified1
4,200
800 million
1%
2
545
128 million
> 260,000
> 28 billion
> 40%
14
-16,500
> 2.5 billion
New Commercial Buildings
(for more information, see p. 24)
Number of Buildings Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR1
>400
Industrial Improvements
(for more information, see p. 27)
Industrial Partners
Industrial Sectors (and Subsectors)
Facility Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR
Number of Facilities Certified1
>690
23
9
110
Annual Results
(for more information, see p. 53)
EE Program Sponsors
Energy Saved (kWh)
Emissions Avoided (MMTC02e)
Net Savings (in U.S. Dollars)
100
62 billion
15.8
$5 billion
-700
> 277 billion
221
> $23 billion
' Results are cumulative.
2 The cumulative total of product sales across the entire ENERGY STAR program from 1992 through 2011, including those from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy. The results for energy saved
and the resulting environmental and economic benefits represent EPA efforts alone.
3 Light bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGYSTAR certified products purchased.
EE:Energy Efficiency
— :Not applicable
~ : About or nearly
11
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
TABLE 6. 2012 ENERGY STAR Award Winners
To learn more about these award winners and their great accomplishments, see Profiles in Leadership: 2012 ENERGY STAR
Award Winners.*
CORPORATE
COMMITMENT
WwlVI IVILIV 1
Sears Holdings Corporation
Hoffman Estates, IL
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
3M
St. Paul, MN
Andersen Corporation
Bayport, MN
APS (Arizona Public Service)
Phoenix, AZ
ArcelorMittal USA
Chicago, IL
Austin Energy
Austin, TX
Bentall Kennedy (US)
Seattle, WA
Bosch Home Appliances
Irvine, CA
Building Owners and Managers
Association (BOMA)
International
Washington, DC
CalPortland Company
Glendora, CA
CBRE
Los Angeles, CA
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
Ecova, Inc.
Spokane, WA
Energy Education, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Energy Inspectors
Las Vegas, A/1/
Energy Trust of Oregon
Portland, OR
EnergyLogic
Berthoud, CO
Evergreen Public Schools
Vancouver, WA
Focus on Energy
Middleton, Wl
Food Lion Family, Bloom, and
Bottom Dollar Food
Salisbury, NC
GE Appliances & Lighting
Louisville, KY
HEI Hotels & Resorts
Norwalk, CT
Hines
Houston, TX
ITW Food Equipment Group LLC
Troy, OH
J. C. Penney Company, Inc.
Piano, TX
Joint Management Committee
West Dennis, MA
Jones Lang LaSalle
Chicago, IL
KB Home
Los Angeles, CA
Kohl's Department Stores, Inc.
Menomonee Falls, Wl
Loudoun County Public Schools
Broadlands, VA
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
Mooresville, NC
Manitowoc Foodservice
New Port Richey, FL
Merck & Co., Inc.
Whitehouse Station, NJ
New Jersey Board of Public
Utilities
Trenton, NJ
New Mexico Gas Company
Albuquerque, NM
New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority
(NYSERDA)
Albany, NY
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Nissan North America, Inc.
Smyrna, TN
Oncor
Dallas, TX
Panasonic Home & Environment
Company
Secaucus, NJ
PepsiCo, Inc.
Purchase, NY
PNM
Albuquerque, NM
Public Service Company of
Oklahoma (PSO)
Tulsa, OK
flnpQtar RaQ r.nmnanv
Southern California Edison
Company
Rosemead, CA
Southern Energy
Management
Morrisville, NC
Sponsors of Northeast Energy
Efficiency Partnerships, Inc.
INFFPI
\iMccr;
Lexington, MA
TIAA-CREF
New York, NY
Toyota Motor Engineering
& Manufacturing North
America, Inc.
Erlanger, KY
TRANSWESTERN
Houston, TX
USAA Real Estate
Company
San Antonio, TX
Whirlpool Corporation
Benton Harbor, Ml
Xcel Energy
Minneapolis, MN
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
AEPOhio
Columbus OH
AEP Texas Central
Corpus Christi, TX
Air-King, Ltd.
West Chester, PA
AVR Homebuilders
Vnnlsorc- hlV
YonKers, IVY
Beacon Capital Partners, LLC
Boston, MA
Brown Printing Company
Waseca, MN
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, OH
Colgate-Palmolive
Company
Mom, Vnr\f I\IV
IV ew YorK, IVY
Columbia Gas of Ohio
n i t* n u
Lolumbus, UH
ComEd
Chicago, IL
Commonwealth of
Kentucky
Frankfort, KY
Des Moines Public
Schools
Des Moines, IA
DuctTesters, Inc.
Modesto, CA
Eastman Chemical
Company
Kingsport, TN
Efficiency Vermont
DLirlinQLon, V I
El Paso Electric
El Paso, TX
EnergyCAP, Inc.
State College, PA
Entergy Texas
Beaumont, TX
Fanning/Howey
Associ3t0s Inc
Celina,OH
General Motors
Company
Detroit, Ml
Kentucky Housing
Corporation
Frankfort, KY
KPPC- Kentucky Pollution
Prevention Center
Louisville, KY
LG Electronics, Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
LG&EandKU
Louisville, KY
Liberty Property Trust
Malvern, PA
Long Island Power Authority
(LI PA)
Uniondale, NY
Magic Valley Electric
Cooperative, Inc
Mercedes, TX
NVR, Inc.
Reston, VA
PECO
Philadelphia, PA
ProVia
Sugarcreek, OH
Salt Lake City School
District
Salt Lake City, UT
Samsung Electronics Co.,
ltd
Staples, Inc.
Framingham, MA
The Boeing Company
Chicago, IL
The E Group, a Division of
FirstEnergy Solutions Corp.
Akron, OH
The Home Depot
Atlanta, GA
Utah Building Energy Efficiency
Strategies
Salt Lake City, UT
Utah Home Performance
Salt Lake City, UT
Vermont Gas Systems
Burlington, VT
AWARDS FOR
EXCELLENCE
ENERGY STAR Promotion
Central Florida Energy Efficiency
Alliance
Orlando, FL
Design Tech Homes
Spring, TX
Good Earth Lighting, Inc.
Wheeling, IL
Hoshizaki America, Inc.
Peachtree City, GA
Meritage Homes
Scottsdale, AZ
National Grid
Waltham, MA
North Carolina Energy Efficiency
Alliance
Boons, NC
Northwest Energy Efficiency
Council
Seattle, WA
Sea Gull Lighting Products LLC
Riverside, NJ
Affordable Housing
Habitat for Humanity of Metro
Denver
Denver, CO
Milford Housing Development
Corporation
Milford, DE
Energy-Efficient Product Design
Gresham-Barlow School District
Gresham, OR
Salt Lake City, UT
Constellation Energy/Baltimore Suwon, South Korea
Habitatfor Humanity of Greater
Nashville
Nashville, TN
Hanesbrands Inc.
Winston-Salem, NC
Raytheon Company
Waltham, MA
Saint-Gobain
Valley Forge, PA
SCIenergy
Atlanta GA
bas ana tiecinc uompanv
(BGE)
Baltimore, MD
Consumers Energy
Jackson, Ml
D.R.Wastchak, LLC
Tempe, AZ
Scotsman Ice System:
Vernon Hills, IL
Southern Maryland
Electric Cooperative
(SMECO)
Hughesville, MD
DIRECTV
EISegundo,CA
Sharp Electronics Corporation
Mahwah, NJ
Retailing
Nationwide Marketing Group
Winston-Salem, NC
* To read or download Profiles in Leadership, go to http://wvmw.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/documents/2012_profiles_in_leadership.pdf?0521-f586
12
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ENERGY STAR CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
Year after year, the American public continues to look to ENERGY STAR as the national symbol for energy
efficiency to inform purchasing choices, save money on utility bills, and protect the environment. In 2011,
Americans purchased about 300 million products that had earned the ENERGY STAR across more than 60
product categories for a cumulative total of about 3.8 billion6 ENERGY STAR certified products purchased
since 2000 (see Figure 5). Certified products—including appliances, heating and cooling equipment,
consumer electronics, office equipment, lighting, commercial food service and data center equipment, and
more—offer consumers savings of as much as 65 percent relative to standard models while providing the
features and functionality they expect. Key activities in 2011 included:
Adding one new product category,
updating the specifications for eight
product categories, and completing
specification reviews for three categories
(see Table 7, p. 14).
Launching a recognition pilot of ENERGY
STAR'S Most Efficient.
Implementing third-party certification of
products, including enhanced product
verification procedures.
FIGURE 5. About 3.8 Billion ENERGY STAR Certified Products Purchased
Since 2000
4.0
3.5
_ 3.0
£ 2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2000 2001 2002
• HVAC and Other
• Appliances
J1 I I
I I II
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
I Lighting*
I Home Electronics
I Home Office Equipment
I Office Equipment
'Lighting category does not include purchases of light bulbs.
'Light bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR certified products purchased.
13
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress
PRODUCT CATEGORY
2011 NEW SPECIFICATIONS
Luminaires
2011 REVISIONS COMPLETED
All ENERGY STAR Specifications:
Third-Party Certification
Televsions
Furnaces
Set-top Boxes
Residential Dishwashers
Dehumidifiers
Commercial Fryers
Ceiling Fans
Vent Fans
Boilers
Decorative Light Strings
Air Cleaners
2011 REVISIONS IN PROGRESS
Audio/Video Equipment
Battery Charging Systems
Commercial Dishwashers
Commercial Ice Makers
Commercial Ovens
Computers
Imaging Equipment
Lamps
Monitors/Displays
Residential Refrigerators/Freezers
Residential Water Heaters
Roofs
YEAR INTRODUCED (AND REVISED)
2011
2011
1998 (2002, 2004,2005, 2008,2010, 2011)
1995(2006,2011)
2001(2005,2008,2011)
1992 (1995,1998,1999, 2005, 2006, 2009,
2010,2011)
2001(2005,2011)
2003(2011)
2001(2003,2006,2009,2011)
2001(2003,2009,2011)
1996(1998,2002, review2011)
2007(2011 review)
2004(2011 review)
ENERGY
SAVINGS
STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2011
Up to 75% Revised specification to take effect April 1, 2012.
NA
40-60%
12-16%
40%
20%
16%
Up to 35%
Up to 50%
(with light kit)
Up to 50%
(with light kit)
6%
Up to 70%
Up to 40%
Completed. Took effect January 1,2011.
Revised specification took effect September 30, 2011.
Revised specfication to take effect February 1, 2012.
Revised specification took effect September 1, 2011.
Revised specification to take effect January 1, 2012.
Revised specfication to take effect October 1, 2012.
Revised specification took effect April 22, 2011.
Revised specification to take effect April 1, 2012.
Revised specification to take effect April 1, 2012.
Review completed March 2011.
Review completed November 2011.
Review completed July 2011.
1999(2003,2009,2010)
2006
2007
2008
2009
1992(1995,1999,2004,2008)
1993(1995,2000,2001,2007,2009)
1999(2002,2008,2009)
1992 (1995,1998,1999, 2005, 2006, 2009,
2010)
1996(2004,2008)
2009
Room Air Conditioning
Televisions
Servers
Vending
Water Coolers
Windows, Doors, Skylights
NEW SPECIFICATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Climate Controls
Data Center Storage
Laboratory Grade Refrigerators
and Freezers
Small Network Equipment
Uninterruptible Power Supply
1998(2001,2003,2007,2009)
1996(2001,2003,2005)
1998 (2002,2004,2005,2008,2010,2011)
2009
2004 (2006, 2007)
2000(2010)
1998(2003,2005,2009)
Up to 60%
35%
25% energy,
25% water
15% energy,
10% water
Up to 14%
30-65%
Up to 40%
Up to 75%
30%
20%
15%
10-15% in
cooling costs
10%
40-60%
27%
50%
Up to 50%
15%
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2013.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2013.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2013.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.
In progress.
In progress.
In progress.
In progress.
In progress.
In progress.
expected to
expected to
expected to
expected to
expected to
expected to
be complete in 2012.
be complete in 2012.
be complete in 2012.
be complete in 2012.
be complete in 2013.
be complete in 2013.
New specification to be completed in 2013.
New specification to be completed in 2013.
New specification to be completed in 2013.
New specification to be completed in 2013.
New specification to be completed in 2012.
14
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ENERGY STAR: CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
Achievements in 2011
Inspiring Consumer Action
EPA engages in public outreach that encourages Americans
to make energy-efficient changes at home, at work, and in
their communities. The ENERGY STAR program's approach
highlights both the financial and environmental benefits of
energy efficiency and provides a forum for others to help
drive behavior change through a variety of ways—reaching
millions of people through print, broadcast, and social media
channels, events nationwide, and grassroots-to-national
partnerships.
• The national Change the World, Start with ENERGY
STAR campaign continued to promote individual actions
through the ENERGY STAR Pledge in 2011. Supported by
participating organizations (pledge drivers), EPA asked
people to take simple energy-saving steps at home that
can make a big difference in protecting the climate,
such as:
• Choosing ENERGY STAR certified appliances and
electronics.
• Maintaining home heating and cooling systems to
improve efficiency.
• Ensuring homes are well sealed and insulated.
• Enabling power management features on home
computers and monitors.
• More than 437,000 individuals took the ENERGY STAR
Pledge in 2011, representing an estimated 877 million
potential pounds of GHG emissions prevented and more
than 520 million kWh saved. Over 19 million Americans
had the opportunity to read ENERGY STAR campaign
information and messaging, and online coverage had a
potential audience reach of more than 78.4 million. Those
totals represent national and local media coverage of the
overall campaign, youth partnerships, heating and cooling
seasonal energy-saving tips, and other product-related
program developments throughout the year.
• Leading pledge drivers—Georgia Power, Girl Scouts
of the USA, Samsung Electronics, Ameren Illinois, and
Nissan North America—and some 570 other participating
companies and organizations continued to boost the
campaign's momentum by encouraging their employees,
members, constituents, and others to make energy-saving
changes at home and at work.
ENERGY STARs Across America
Demonstrating the growing grassroots support across the
country for saving energy and protecting our climate, more
than 800 events were featured as part of ENERGY STARs
Across America in 2011. Seventy different ENERGY STAR
partners participated, and events included everything
from in-store CFL giveaways to energy-saving flash mobs
at metropolitan malls. The events were highlighted on
the ENERGY STAR website as part of an interactive map
allowing visitors the opportunity to find energy efficiency
educational events in their own communities.
Youth organizations were more engaged than ever,
helping this important audience learn about the
connection between energy savings and the environment
and ways to help their families save energy. EPA
worked closely with 20 Boys & Girls Clubs of America
representing nearly 3,000 members. With support from
ENERGY STAR, parent-teacher organizations across the
country reached more than 4,100 schools and 400,000 kids
through Go Green Nights.
The ENERGY STAR website remained very popular;
visitor sessions across the entire website totaled nearly
13 million in 2011.
More than 80 percent of American households
recognize the ENERGY STAR label, and more than 40
percent knowingly purchased an ENERGY STAR labeled
product in the past year (see Figure 6, p. 16).7 Of those
purchasers, 75 percent reported the label as influential
in their purchasing decision; about 80 percent reported
they are likely to recommend products that have earned
the ENERGY STAR to friends, and 32 percent of those
households reported they were "extremely" likely to
recommend ENERGY STAR labeled products.7
7For more information, see U.S. EPA 2012b.
15
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
ENERGY STAR Third-Party Certification and
Compliance
The Value of Certification. After almost 20 years, the
ENERGY STAR label has grown into an incredibly valuable
asset—to the environment, to consumers, and to the product
manufacturers who earn it. Independent certification of
products that carry the label is important to maintaining
consumer confidence and preserving that value. Similar
to electrical product safety programs that have been in
place for many years, the ENERGY STAR qualification
process requires that products be tested in EPA-recognized
laboratories, with the results reviewed by an independent,
accredited certification organization. In addition to up-front
testing, a percentage of all ENERGY STAR products are
subject to "off-the-shelf" verification testing each year. The
goal of this testing is to ensure that changes or variations in
the manufacturing process do not lead to an unacceptable
decrease in product performance.
Certification Program Results. In 2011, there were 400
laboratories and 21 certification bodies recognized by EPA
to carry out ENERGY STAR testing, providing manufacturers
a range of options and the ability to better manage testing
timeframes (see Table 8). More than 15,000 products were
certified across more than 60 product categories. Post-
market verification testing administered by certification
bodies began in the fall, and DOE conducted complimentary
verification testing in some product categories. A total of
811 models underwent verification testing, with an overall
compliance rate of 93 percent.
FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
2011
Unaided Awareness
Aided Awareness
* Unaided annual result is statistically different from the result of the prior year.
**Aided and unaided annual results are statistically different from the results of the prior year
Source: U.S. EPA, 2012b.
EPA maintained ongoing oversight of the process, issuing
written guidance as needed to ensure that ENERGY STAR
requirements were interpreted consistently.
Most Efficient
www.eneiBystar.gov
ENERGY STAR Most Efficient
A new marketing
designation, ENERGY STAR
Most Efficient, debuted in
Store displays throughout
the nation as part of a pilot effort to appeal to early adopters
who want leading-edge products in terms of energy
efficiency. The designation maintains a connection to the
powerful ENERGY STAR brand, while offering an opportunity
for special promotions around a subset of products
recognized by EPA as the "best of the best" ENERGY STAR
certified products for a given year.
During the firstyear of the pilot, six product categories
were selected: TVs; refrigerators/freezers; clothes washers;
central air conditioning; air source heat pumps; geothermal
heat pumps; and furnaces. EPA recognized nearly 150
products from 16 manufacturers as ENERGY STAR Most
Efficient in 2011 in the six eligible product categories.
Efficiency program sponsors and retailers launched initial
promotions expected to appear in 200 stores with messaging
reaching 1.9 million consumers. Sears showed early strong
support for highlighting ENERGY STAR Most Efficient clothes
washers in its stores, and Natural Resources Canada
launched a Canadian pilot of ENERGY STAR Most Efficient.
In the interest of allowing sufficient opportunity for testing,
EPA extended the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient pilot into
2012. Contributing to this decision was strong utility support
for a longer pilot, which would enable testing through
broader efficiency program implementation.
16
-------
ENERGY STAR: CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
Designated Agency personnel fielded a range of product
category-specific questions from certifiers throughout
the year. As a further check on the certification process,
the Agency performs periodic audits of its recognized
certification bodies to ensure these organizations thoroughly
understand product specifications and are reporting
complete and accurate data to EPA.
Updated Disqualification Procedures. In 2011, EPA
developed and made publicly available updated
disqualification procedures for ENERGY STAR products. The
new disqualification procedures were designed to work in
concert with the verification element of the ENERGY STAR
third-party certification process, and they drew upon historic
program experience, as well as lessons learned during the
program's transition to third-party certification. The ENERGY
STAR Disqualification Procedures provide for notice to the
manufacturer of product failure, a technical review of test
findings, an opportunity for the manufacturer to dispute test
findings, and advanced notice of a product disqualification.
Logo Use Monitoring. As a part of program participation,
product manufacturers enter into formal partnership
agreements with EPA and agree to adhere to the ENERGY
STAR Identity Guidelines, which describe how the ENERGY
STAR name and mark may be used. EPA continually monitors
compliance with the Identity Guidelines and for unauthorized
uses of the brand in trade media, advertisements, and
stores and on the Internet. In addition, the Agency conducts
biannual onsite assessments of ENERGY STAR products on
retail shelves to ensure the products are properly presented
to consumers.
TABLE 8. EPA Recognizes More Than 400 Organizations To Support
Certification Program
TYPE OF
ORGANIZATION
TOTAL
RECOGNIZED
Accreditation Bodies
Certification Bodies
Laboratories
30
21
400
COUNTRY
Austria
Brazil
Canada
China
Germany
Guatemala
Hong Kong
Hungary
India
Italy
Japan
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Singapore
South Korea
Sweden
Taiwan
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Total
NUMBER OF
LABORATORIES
1
1
19
74
7
1
2
1
2
2
26
2
9
1
2
2
21
2
42
2
3
178
400
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Review and update ENERGY STAR specifications for
nine product categories, making sure the label remains
a meaningful symbol of highly efficient products in the
market.
Expand the suite of ENERGY STAR product categories
by adding commercial water heaters and uninterruptible
power supplies.
Expand the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient recognition
pilot targeted at early adopters to increase demand for
products that demonstrate cutting-edge efficiency.
Continue support for and oversight of third-party
certification and verification testing of products across
the more than 60 product categories.
Refresh the Vision and Guiding Principles for ENERGY
STAR and the ENERGY STAR Identity Guidelines
documents.
17
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
About ENERGY STAR Product Specification Revisions
When the ENERGY STAR program was established in 1992,
EPA offered the label for two products—computers and
monitors. Since then, the program has grown to include
more than 60 product categories. Through the ENERGY STAR
program, EPA provides value to consumers by enabling them
to easily identify energy-efficient products. To achieve this,
EPA sets specifications reflective of the performance of
the most efficient products on the market. For a productto
qualify for the ENERGY STAR label, it must meet a strict set
of specifications designed to ensure that the product:
• Is energy-efficient.
• Is cost-effective to the purchaser.
• Maintains product performance or features.
Revising ENERGY STAR Specifications
While EPA continues to expand its suite of certified
products, it also revises specifications on an ongoing basis
to ensure that the ENERGY STAR label remains meaningful
to consumers. Over the years, specifications for the
majority of the product categories have been revised to
achieve additional energy savings (see Table 9). Each year,
EPA reviews current product specifications and carefully
considers the following questions to assess whether a
specification revision is appropriate:
• Can significant additional energy savings be realized
nationally?
• Can energy consumption and performance be measured
and verified with testing?
• Can product or service performance be maintained or
enhanced with increased energy efficiency?
• Will purchasers be able to recover an additional
investment in increased energy efficiency within a brief
period of time?
• Can additional energy efficiency be achieved without
unjustly favoring one technology?
• Will ENERGY STAR labeling effectively differentiate
products and services and be visible to purchasers?
EPA carefully weighs those questions to decide which
products warrant specification revisions.
TABLE 9. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With 176 Product Specifications and Revisions
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS
NUMBER OF PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS UPDATES IN THE THAT WENT INTO
PRODUCTTYPE CATEGORIES (NEW AND REVISED) LASTS YEARS* EFFECT IN 2011
Consumer Electronics
Office Equipment
HVAC
Commercial Food Service
Equipment
Lighting
Building Envelope
Appliances
Other
12
10
9
9
6
3
7
3
36
37
30
14
21
10
20
8
9
4
4
6
4
1
4
1
2
0
2
3
2
1
1
0
* Reflects those specifications thattook effectthrough 2011.
18
-------
ENERGY STAR IN ML RESIDEN1IAL SECTOR
More than 17 percent of the GHGs emitted in the U.S. are attributed to the energy we use to heat, cool,
and light our homes, as well as power the appliances and electronics in them. By making energy-
efficient choices in the construction of new homes and the improvement of existing homes, American
homeowners, renters, homebuilders, and home remodelers can lower utility bills while helping to protect
the environment. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA offers an array of useful tools and resources to households
and the housing industry to increase the energy efficiency of the nation's housing stock. Program highlights
for 2011 included:
• Reaching the milestone of more than 1.3 million ENERGY STAR certified homes constructed since the
program's launch.
• Partnering with more than 6,700 builder partners, who collectively constructed more than 130,000
ENERGY STAR certified homes in 2011, representing 26 percent of new home starts (see Figure 7,
p. 20).
• Surpassing the mark of more than 50,000 homes improved through Home Performance with ENERGY
STAR in 2011, for a total of more than 150,000 homes across the U.S.
• Expanding the Home Performance with ENERGY STAR program across the country to include more than
1,800 participating contractors.
Achievements in 2011
ENERGY STAR for New Homes
More than 1.3 Million New Homes Have Earned the ENERGY
STAR. More than 130,000 new homes were constructed to
meet ENERGY STAR requirements in 2011 (see Figure 8, p.
21), bringing the total number of ENERGY STAR certified
homes to more than 1.3 million by year end. Since EPA began
labeling new homes in 1995, American homeowners have
saved more than $2 billion on their energy bills and reduced
GHG emissions by more than 33 billion pounds. In 2011 alone,
families living in ENERGY STAR certified homes saved $493
million on their utility bills, while avoiding GHG emissions
equivalent to those from more than 526,000 vehicles.
In 2011, EPA began to phase in more rigorous requirements
for new homes to earn the ENERGY STAR label. Under the
new requirements, which will become fully effective in
2012, homes that earn the ENERGY STAR label will be at
least 15 percent more energy efficient than homes built to
the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. They will
19
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
FIGURE 7. ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes Gaining Market Share
Increasing Market Percentage
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
3-11% 11-24% >25%
also feature additional measures that deliver a total energy-
efficiency improvement of up to 30 percent compared to
typical new homes.
ENERGY STAR for New Multifamily High-Rise Buildings.
New and substantially rehabilitated multifamily high-rise
buildings became eligible to earn the ENERGY STAR for the
first time in 2011, giving property owners the opportunity
to increase asset value and offer tenants more efficient,
comfortable homes. These high-rise buildings must meet
EPA's energy-efficiency guidelines and be designed to be
at least 15 percent more efficient than buildings that meet
the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) energy use standard.
Through 2011, more than 2,500 units were certified as
ENERGY STAR through the Multifamily High-Rise program.
Making Affordable Housing More Energy Efficient. Together
with its partners, EPA's ENERGY STAR program is working
to increase the energy efficiency of the nation's new and
existing affordable housing stock, while reducing the utility
bills of families living in these homes and helping to protect
the environment. Based on data from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), more than 5,600
ENERGY STAR certified homes were built in FY11 using public
funding from HUD's HOME program, an almost 8-percent
increase over FY10.8 HUD and EPA began collaborating on
developing alternate ENERGY STAR compliance guidance
for housing projects undergoing gut rehabilitation, which
typically face challenges unique to existing housing that
make it difficult for those projects to meet all of EPA's
ENERGY STAR requirements. EPA also partners with Habitat
for Humanity's U.S. affiliates to promote the construction of
ENERGY STAR certified homes. In 2011, more than 320 Habitat
affiliates nationwide built over 1,700 homes to ENERGY STAR
specifications, a 17-percent increase over 2010. In addition,
as a result of EPA's outreach to the manufactured homes
industry (also part of the affordable housing market), more
than 5,400 ENERGY STAR certified manufactured homes were
built in the U.S. in 2011, a 32-percent increase over 2010, for a
cumulative total of more than 47,000.
ENERGY STAR Home Improvement
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR (HPwES) offers homeowners a
comprehensive, whole-house approach to energy efficiency
improvements through a network of contractors trained
to perform energy assessments and retrofits. Through
regional HPwES sponsors, a third party conducts quality
* Given in fiscal year IFY), not calendar year, due to data availability; fiscal year is from October / to September30.
20
-------
ENERGY STAR: RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
reviews of the contractors'work. Over the past decade,
EPA and DOE have worked with sponsoring partners such
as state and local governments, utilities, and nonprofit
organizations to implement HPwES in more than 30 states
(see Figure 9). As a result of sponsors' efforts, by the end of
2011, more than 150,000 homes had been retrofitted through
HPwES programs. In 2011,87 participating contractors
were recognized with the ENERGY STAR Century Club
Award for improving more than 100 homes each—up from
53 contractors in 2010. On October 1,2011, responsibility for
management of the HPwES program was transferred to DOE.
Offering Home Energy Performance Tools. More than 450,000
consumers have used EPA's online Home Energy Yardstick
to compare their home energy use to others across the
country and see how their home measures up. In addition to
the Yardstick, EPA offers the online Home Energy Advisor to
help Americans improve home efficiency. Through 2011, more
than 230,000 website visitors had used the interactive tool to
find customized recommendations for increasing the energy
efficiency of their homes.
FIGURE 8. More Than 1.3 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned
the ENERGY STAR Label
1,400,000
1,200,000
t
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008* 2009* 2010* 2011*
Cumulative Homes Built • Annual Homes Built
*Ths decrease in the number of homes certified reflects the overall decrease in the total
number of homes built.
FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
States with Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Programs
*Jhe green shaded states above have Home Performance with ENERGY STAR programs. However, the programs within each state may
only operate within a certain region of that state.
21
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
New Homes
• Complete the phase-in of new, more rigorous guidelines
for homes to earn the ENERGY STAR.
• Develop ENERGY STAR certification solutions for unique
housing types and geographic locations, as needed.
• Develop technical guidance materials and training for
partners to help them successfully implement new
program requirements.
• Promote the adoption of HVAC Quality Installation
practices across the new home construction industry to
support the latest ENERGY STAR requirements.
Existing Homes
• Continue coordinating with DOE to supportthe
HPwES program.
• Evaluate opportunities to increase the adoption of
quality installation of heating and cooling equipment in
existing homes.
• Enhance and improve online consumer tools and website
content to help homeowners assess their home energy
performance and get recommendations for improvements.
22
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ENERGY STAR IN FHE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA has been helping the commercial building sector improve
energy efficiency in the places where consumers work, play, and learn for close to two decades—
helping save money and contribute to cleaner air and the protection of people's health. These and future
efficiency efforts are of critical importance, as commercial buildings are responsible for approximately
20 percent of all energy consumption in the U.S.
Thousands of American business owners—including retailers, hoteliers, and grocers—along with heads
of major organizations such as state and local governments, school districts, universities, hospitals,
and congregations, are already using ENERGY STAR tools and resources to help realize significant
energy savings that prevent GHG emissions and contribute to meeting the President's ambitious energy
efficiency goals (see Figure 12, p. 25).
Achievements in 2011
Reaching Key Program Milestones
With the help of ENERGY STAR, partners in the commercial
sector made great strides in improving energy efficiency in
2011. Major milestones involved:
Sustaining Top Performance through ENERGY STAR. In
another record-setting year, more than 7,500 buildings and
plants were certified as ENERGY STAR, for a cumulative total
of nearly 16,500 buildings (see Figure 10, p. 24). Verified by
independent, licensed professional engineers or registered
architects, ENERGY STAR certified buildings use 35 percent
less energy and are responsible for 35 percent fewer GHG
emissions than average buildings.
Achieving Significant Portfolio-Wide Savings. More than
200 leading companies and school districts were recognized
in 2011 as ENERGY STAR Leaders for portfolio-wide energy
savings. For the first time, an organization achieved a
60-percent portfolio-wide improvement milestone in 2011,
and nearly half of the Leaders have reached a milestone of
20 percent or more. Energy management strategies—such
as executive commitment; active involvement of staff,
tenants or students; and investment in new technologies—
were integral to their success.
Managing Energy through Widespread Measurement and
Tracking. The energy performance of more than 260,000
buildings—representing over 28 billion square feet of space
and more than 40 percent of the total market—has been
assessed using EPA's ENERGY STAR measurement and
tracking tool, Portfolio Manager (see Figure 13, p. 26).9
"Calculated using CBECS 2003, see EIA 2008.
23
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
FIGURE 10. Nearly 16f500 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR
Increasing Number of Certified Buildings
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
7
<35
Designing More Buildings to Earn the ENERGY STAR.
Despite the downturn in the economy, 100 commercial
building design projects achieved Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR in 2011, bringing the total number of buildings
intended to operate at ENERGY STAR performance levels
when built to more than 400.
Strategizing for Success
EPA's ENERGY STAR Guidelines for Energy Management
have become an important roadmap for instituting a
corporate culture of environmental protection and financial
value. Implementing comprehensive energy retrofits in
buildings and ensuring newly constructed buildings deliver
on their high-performance intent requires organizations to
commit to a superior energy management strategy at the
top levels of management. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA
packages actionable guidance for all types of companies
and organizations to achieve success and helps them tap
into expert knowledge to deliver concrete energy solutions
through smart practices and technologies.
Competing Nationally To Work Off the Waste with ENERGY
STAR. The 2011 Battle of the Buildings competition featured
teams from 245 buildings across the country working to
save the most energy in one year through team work,
35-99 100-299
(Number of Buildings)
>300
educational campaigns, operational changes, and equipment
replacements. Collectively, the building teams saved
$5.2 million on annual utility bills, with the top 10 contestants
reducing energy use by at least 30 percent(see Figure 11).
The winner achieved an impressive savings of 63 percent.
Best practices implemented by the teams continue to
accumulate and spread throughout each organization's
portfolio of properties.
Supporting Innovative Energy Efficiency Initiatives. In
2011, EPA's strategic partnerships with state and local
governments, industry associations, and other federal
agencies continued to demonstrate nationally applicable
models for new energy efficiency initiatives. These included
mandates for energy disclosure in U.S. communities, and
awareness-raising efforts about energy use and reductions
in commercial buildings through innovative campaigns and
competitions, which all relied on the ENERGY STAR platform.
Linking to Experts. Service and product providers (SPPs),
architects, engineers, state energy offices, and utilities
offer valuable energy efficiency services and programs to
help identify, prioritize, and implement quality projects in the
commercial sector. In 2011, an increased number of these
organizations leveraged ENERGY STAR resources.
24
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ENERGY STAR: COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 11. 2011 National Building Competition Progress Over Time
9/10 10/10 11/10 12/10 1/11 2/11 3/11 4/11 5/11 6/11 7/11 8/11
Twelve-Month Period Ending Date
Fannie Mae Office Building
at 3939 Wisconsin Avenue (34.6%)
Denver North Suburban
Medical Office Building (33.7%)
Office Depot-Piano (34.1%)
Office Depot-Raleigh (33.1%)
Twinsburg High School & Sports Complex (46.3%)
Kokomo High School (32.3%)
Polaris Career Center (43.4%)
Scientific Instruments (42.2%)
Hartman Elementary School (43.2%)
University of Central Florida
Parking Garage C (63.2%)
For example, SPPs helped their clients measure and track
the energy performance of more than 100,000 buildings using
Portfolio Manager and assisted in certifying more than 4,200
buildings as ENERGY STAR.
In partnership with several states and utilities, EPA reported
on a pilot program to deliver greater energy savings in
commercial buildings. Building Performance with ENERGY
STAR is assisting utilities and state energy efficiency
programs in achieving increased savings by strategically
pursuing whole-building energy improvements with their
business customers.
Expanding ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. Portfolio
Manager was expanded to include senior care facilities,
a unique building space type now eligible to receive an
ENERGY STAR score and certification. EPA also continued
efforts to upgrade Portfolio Manager to enhance the speed
and usability of the tool for its growing list of users.
FIGURE 12. Cumulative Square Feet Benchmarked in
Portfolio Manager
30,000
25,000
!§ 20,000
15,000
i£ 10,000
5,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Note: Only buildings that can receive a 1-100 energy performance score are included in the
data from 2001 to 2008. Beginning in 2009, buildings for which there is not yet a 1-100 score
available were included in the count of total buildings benchmarked.
25
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
FIGURE 13. Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score by State
Increasing Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score
<35
35-99 100-399
(In Millions of Square Feet)
>400
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Launch the third annual ENERGY STAR National Building
Competition: Battle of the Buildings, a coast-to-coast
contest among commercial buildings to save energy and
protect the climate. The competition will feature teams who
will battle it out through improvements in energy efficiency
with support from EPA's ENERGY STAR program and
determine which competitors can reduce their building's
energy use the most.
Continue the process to expand and improve the
functionality, usability, speed, and verification process
of Portfolio Manager through a database upgrade, and
release new Web services modules in the fall of 2012.
26
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ENERGY STAR IN HL INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
The industrial sector is an important part of the U.S. economy. Manufacturing goods are valued at nearly
$5.5 trillion, contribute over 11 percent to the U.S. GDP, and provide more than 12.7 million jobs paying an
average of $47,500 annually.10 This sector also generates more than a quarter of the nation's annual GHG
emissions. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA enables the industrial sector to improve energy efficiency within its
operations and cost-effectively reduce GHG emissions by removing energy management barriers.
Oneway EPA works with industry is through the ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses—to share information,
such as detailed guides on how to reduce energy use in manufacturing plants; to develop industry-specific
ENERGY STAR plant energy performance indicators (EPIs) that enable plants to measure energy efficiency
and set competitive improvement goals on a national basis; and to build a collective source of energy
management expertise for specific industries. The success of the ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses in
improving energy performance validates that EPA's approach—performance measurement and recognition
for top performance—helps industry maintain competitiveness by saving money while achieving positive
results for the environment.
Achievements in 2011
Improving Performance—The ENERGY STAR Focus
Industries
EPA works closely with specific industries to provide
advanced tools that help companies manage energy for
themselves and build long-term, productive energy programs
(see Table 10, p. 28).
New Draft Plant EPIs Issued for Testing. Many U.S. industrial
companies are unable to objectively measure and assess the
energy performance of their facilities. ENERGY STAR plant
EPIs overcome this barrier by helping companies determine
good energy performance for their plant, relative to others
in their industry. In 2011, EPA released draft plant EPIs for
integrated pulp and paper mills and wet corn mills to each
'" For more information, see U.S. Census Bureau 2010.
industry for testing. Testing of the draft steel mini-mill
EPI continued.
New Energy Guides Under Review. Energy guides identify
energy efficiency opportunities in a specific industry. In 2011,
EPA issued an energy guide for dairy processing plants. At
the same time, draft guides for concrete plants and bakeries
were released to industry for review. The growing library of
energy guides continued to help industrial managers identify
areas for improvement, develop action plans, and educate
company employees.
Concrete Industry Trained to Manage Energy. Working
with the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, EPA
organized a series of training classes forthe U.S. concrete
27
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
industry on how to manage energy. The first one, held in
late 2011, instructed industry participants on how to build
the business case for energy management and an energy
program.
Number of Industrial Sector Focuses Grows to 23. EPA signed
a Memorandum of Understanding with the American Baking
Association to enable U.S. bakeries to develop strategic
energy management programs using ENERGY STAR resources,
and work began on a new focus with the printing industry.
Building Capacity To Enable Greater Industry
Participation
Key alliances and tools help EPA and its partners build
capacity in a cost-effective manner.
ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry Continues to Grow.
EPA created the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry to
TABLE 10. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy
encourage manufacturers to improve the energy efficiency of
their sites by 10 percent within 5 years or less. The ENERGY
STAR Challenge for Industry enables EPA to engage a
broader set of industrial facilities in the fundamental energy
management practices of establishing baselines, setting
reduction goals, and tracking and managing energy use over
time. By the close of 2011,416 sites had taken the Challenge,
and 100 had achieved the goal, saving over 18.4 trillion Btu.
Continuing To Earn ENERGY STAR Certification
The number of plants that earned the ENERGY STAR by
achieving energy performance in the top quartile nationally for
their industry grew in 2011. EPA awarded the ENERGY STAR
to over 70 plants—including three container glass plants that
earned the ENERGY STAR for the first time—bringing the total
to 110 (see Table 11).
PEER EXCHANGE INDUSTRY ENERGY PERFORMANCE
FOCUS INDUSTRY NETWORK ENERGY GUIDE INDICATOR
Cement Manufacturing
Concrete Manufacturing
Corn Refining
Dairy
•Fluid Milk
• Ice Cream
Food Processing
• Baked Goods
• Cookies & Crackers
•Juice
• Frozen Fried Potato Products
•Tomato Products
Glass Manufacturing
• Fiberglass
• Flat Glass Products
• Container Glass Products
Metal Casting
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Industry
Printing
Pharmaceuticals
Pulp & Paper
• Integrated
•Pulp
Steel
• Mini-mills
Water/Wastewaster
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
UnderStudy
Published
Published
Published
In Process
Published
Published
Published
In Process
2nd Version Released
Exploring Options
2nd Version in Draft
Draft
Draft
Exploring Options
Released
Released
Released
Draft
Draft
Released
Released
Exploring Options
2nd Version Released
Draft
Private System
Recognized by EPA
Exploring Options
Released
Draft
Draft
Exploring Options
Released
28
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ENERGY STAR: INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Expanding Sustainable Strategies
EPA influenced energy management beyond its ENERGY
STAR partners and its existing sphere of influence by
promoting energy efficiency as part of the partners' broad
sustainability initiatives.
Benchmarking Study Reaches Further into Motor Vehicle
Sector. Benchmarking enables industry to determine how
well a plant is performing and set improvement goals. EPA
supported its ENERGY STAR Focus on Energy Efficiency in
Motor Vehicle Production by working with powertrain plants
in the motor vehicle sector to benchmark energy and
water resources.
Downstream Industries. The Cement Focus companies
continued to work through ENERGY STAR to build concrete
plant energy assessment programs to assist their
downstream industry, concrete production. At the request
of the printing industry, which is downstream of the pulp and
paper industry, EPA established a new Printing Focus.
TABLE 11. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants
SECTOR FACILITY EARNED THE ENERGY STAR IN 2011 TOTAL PLANTS EARNING THE ENERGY STAR
Cement Manufacturing Plants
Auto Assembly Plants
Petroleum Refineries
Wet Corn Mills
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants
Cookie & Cracker Bakeries
Container Glass Plants
Frozen Fried Potato Processing Plants
Total Plants Certified
Total Estimated Energy Savings
(Compared with Average Plants)
20
7
5
4
7
15
3
11
72
61,955,703 MMBtu
39
17
8
7
7
17
3
12
110
314,190,357 MMBtu*
^Represents cumulative savings for labels earned since 2006.
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Continue building upon the foundation set by the cement
industry by providing training and resources for concrete
manufacturers.
Complete energy guides for concrete plants and dairy
processing plants.
Re-baseline wet corn mills and release an updated EPI.
Release an EPI for integrated pulp and paper mills.
Launch the ENERGY STAR Focus on Energy Efficiency in
the Baking Industry.
Release an energy guide on energy efficiency
opportunities in bakeries.
Produce draft EPIs for dairy processing, iron metalcasting,
printing plants, and steel metalcasting.
• Establish new strategic partnerships with the utility
industry to broaden the availability of ENERGY STAR
resources for manufacturers.
• Seek partnerships with organizations that influence
industrial energy performance to build upon the ENERGY
STAR foundation.
• Continue to collaborate with DOE on an ISO standard for
energy management and support the joint DOE-EPA State
and Local Energy Efficiency Action Network for industry.
• Help small and medium manufacturing plants set and
achieve energy performance goals through the ENERGY
STAR Challenge for Industry.
29
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CLIMATE LEADERS
^^^
U
CLIMATEv
LEADERS
EPA launched the Climate Leaders program in 2002 to assist leading companies
across the country in developing comprehensive climate change strategies. During
its 10 years, Climate Leaders achieved a number of significant milestones while
working to reduce GHG emissions (see Table 12). Through the program, EPA deployed standardized GHG
emissions management practices for use among companies and provided guidance and recognition to
encourage companies to set and achieve corporate-level GHG emissions reduction goals.
Over the years, Climate Leaders partners represented a variety of industries and sectors, from
manufacturers and utilities to financial institutions and retailers (see Figures 14 and 15)—with operations in
all 50 states. When companies partnered with Climate Leaders, they voluntarily agreed to account for and
reduce GHG emissions by submitting a corporate-wide inventory of their GHG emissions, setting a public
GHG emissions reduction goal, and taking steps to meet that goal by the agreed-upon deadline.
During 2011, EPA recognized that states and nonprofits are now well-positioned to work with companies
and other entities to continue their climate leadership, assisting them in GHG reporting that goes above and
beyond mandatory requirements and in establishing facility or corporate-level GHG reduction goals and
therefore, EPA phased out the Climate Leaders program effective September 30,2011.
To maintain its support for companies' voluntary actions to reduce their GHG emissions, EPA continues to
provide technical resources and tools through the online Center for Corporate Climate Leadership. EPA
also helped launch the annual Climate Leadership Awards, a joint program with three nongovernmental
organizations, to offer continued recognition for entities and individuals demonstrating climate leadership.
Achievements in 2011
Twelve additional partners achieved Climate Leaders GHG
reduction goals: American Electric Power; Campbell Soup
Company; Casella Waste Systems; Cummins Inc.;
Fairchild Semiconductor; Genzyme Corporation; Hasbro,
Inc.; Intel Corporation; Interface, Inc.; International Paper;
SC Johnson; and Staples, Inc.
30
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CLIMATE LEADERS
FIGURE 14. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners by Sector
FIGURE 15. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members
Transportation Federal
.Government
Utilities-
Retail
Healthcare
13
Financial
Services
13
Commercial
Enterprise -/
16
Agriculture &
Food and Beverage
16
Industrial
Manufacturing
66
Consumer Goods
Information V Manufacturing
Utilities
Information 3
Agriculture & Food
and Beverage
Consumer
Goods
Manufacturing
13
Industrial
Manufacturing
26
16
20
Transportation
27
Financial Services
2
Healthcare
1
Commercial
Enterprise
76
TABLE 12. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators, 2004 - 2011 (Cumulative)
CLIMATE LEADERS INDICATOR 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Partners
Small Business Network Members
Total Partners and Members
Initial Inventories Submitted
Site Visits (Partners Only)
Goals Announced
Goals Achieved
64
—
—
42
9
20
0
78
—
—
58
29
31
5
107
—
—
78
46
55
8
155
—
—
115
77
88
11
251
—
—
161
183'
87'
270
201
109 144
115 154
18
29
183 2
185'
368
227
160
228 '
38
183
157 3
340 4
227
160
228
50
' In late 2009, EPA approved development of the Climate Leaders Small Business Network to provide support to smaller companies. In previous years, the program numbers reflect participation of both
small and large companies. Some organizations moved from Climate Leaders to the Small Business Network. Goals announced reflect the total from both programs.
2 In late 2010, EPA decided to phase down the Climate Leaders program over 2011.At that time, the program discontinued accepting new partners and some partners left the program.
3 Small Business Network Members includes participants in the EPA and GSA Federal Supplier Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Pilot for small businesses. In 2011,28 of the pilot participants did
not continue with the pilot.
' The change in the number of Total Partners and Members reflects the updated Small Business Network Members total.
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Continued partnership with the U.S. General Services
Administration (GSA) in supporting the Federal Supplier
GHG Inventory Pilot for small businesses.
Ongoing activities under the EPA Center for Corporate
Climate Leadership, a virtual resource center that:
• Offers GHG management tools and technical resources,
including the Corporate GHG Goal Evaluation Model,
Simplified GHG Emissions Calculator, GHG Emission
Factor Hub, and more.
• Facilitates recognition opportunities through the
Climate Leadership Awards, a national awards program
to recognize exemplary corporate, organizational, and
individual leadership in response to climate change.
EPA co-sponsors these awards with The Climate
Registry, the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions,
and the Association of Climate Change Officers.
Provides learning opportunities and materials such as
webinars and white papers.
Engages and assists nongovernmental organizations
and others in developing sound and practical GHG
accounting guidance for green power and supply
chains.
Works with other federal agencies to help reduce
the government's impact on the climate.
31
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CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
FIGURE 16. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy
Supply Programs
30
25 —
EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs—the Green Power Partnership (GPP) and the Combined Heat and
Power (CHP) Partnership—were launched in 2001 to facilitate the growth of green power generation and
environmentally beneficial CHP across the nation.
For the past 11 years, both programs have made remarkable progress in dismantling market barriers to
green power purchasing and CHP use by helping hundreds of partners find cost-effective solutions to
meet their energy needs. By offering technical
resources, developing nationally accepted
standards, providing access to expertise, and
recognizing environmental leadership, these
Clean Energy Supply Programs continually
bring value to partners.
In turn, partner investments in clean energy
yield significant environmental benefits
by reducing GHG emissions and other
air pollutants. CHP and GPP partners are
transforming the marketplace by increasing the
local, regional, and national demand for clean
energy supply technologies. The programs'
achievements have been impressive. In 2011
alone, EPA's Clean Energy Supply programs
reduced GHG emissions by 29.6 MMTC02e
(see Figure 16).
o
o
& 15
CD
^
CD
10
II
I II
III II
INI II
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
32
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CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's Green Power Partnership
is a voluntary program that
encourages organizations
to buy green power to
reduce the environmental
impacts associated with purchased electricity use, while
demonstrating environmental leadership. EPA's Green
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
Power partners include a wide variety of forward-thinking
organizations, such as Fortune 500 companies; small-
and medium-sized businesses; local, state, and federal
government agencies; and colleges and universities. The
voluntary commitments of these partners to promote green
power made 2011 an exceptional year for EPA's Green
Power Partnership.
Achievements in 2011
• Added 213 new partners, bringing the total to nearly 1,300.
These organizations have committed to buying about
25 billion kWh of green power annually—enough electricity
to run more than two million average American homes for
one year (see Figure 17).
• Launched a pilot initiative to connect Green Power partners
with new, not-yet-built renewable energy projects that
may align with their energy, environmental, and financial
objectives. From a total of 27 proposals submitted on behalf
of 22 project developers, nine projects were presented to
partners during a networking webinar.
• Acknowledged 68 partners in EPA's College & University 2010
- 2011 Green Power Challenge. EPA ranked the green power
purchases of individual schools against others within their
athletic conferences, and calculated cumulative purchases
among competing conferences. The Big Ten conference
topped the list with the largest total purchase and earned
recognition as the 2010-2011 Collective Conference
Champion.
TABLE 13. 2011 EPA Green Power Leadership Awards
FIGURE 17. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions
Green Power Purchasing
Adobe Systems Inc.
Allegheny College
Datapipe, Inc.
Franklin & Marshall College
Jackson Family Wines
Mercyhurst College
MetLife
Santa Clara University
State Street Corporation
University of Central Oklahoma
San Jose, CA
Meadville, PA
Jersey City, NJ
Lancaster, PA
Santa Rosa, CA
Erie, PA
New York, NY
Santa Clara, CA
Boston, MA
Edmond, OK
30
25
S 20-
15
10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Presented 19 Green Power Leadership Awards to top
purchasers of green power and onsite renewable power
systems (see Table 13).
On-Site Generation
City of San Francisco San Francisco, CA
SC Johnson Racine, Wl
Green Power Partner of the Year
Empire State Building New York, NY
Google Inc. Mountain View, CA
Intel Corporation Santa Clara, CA
Kohl's Department Stores Menomonee Falls, Wl
Staples Framingham, MA
Green Power Community of the Year
Portland, OR
Washington, D.C.
33
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
Green Power—Energizing Communities Across the Country
Innovative municipalities across the country are partnering
with EPA to become Green Power Communities (GPCs).
Towns, villages, cities, counties, or tribal governments
become GPCs when local governments, businesses, and
residents collectively buy green power in amounts that meet
or exceed EPA's GPP community purchase requirements.
Between 2004 and 2011,34 communities mobilized to
reduce their carbon footprints by buying and using green
power. Their purchases helped avoid annual C02 emissions
equivalentto those from the electricity used in more than
367,000 average American homes.
The 2010 - 2011 Green Power Community Challenge aimed to
double the amount of green power used by GPCs nationwide
to 1.8 billion kWh. The Challenge results far surpassed
its goal—at its conclusion, EPA's GPCs were collectively
using more than 3.3 billion kWh of green power annually.
Washington, DC won the Challenge title by using the most
green power annually, while Brookeville, MD had the
highest green power percentage of total electricity use.
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
• Expand community-level green power purchasing by
hosting the second annual campaign to encourage
communities coast-to-coast to use renewable energy and
fight climate change through the Green Power Community
Challenge (see sidebar above).
• Facilitate innovative solutions that address the market
barriers of clean energy procurement by implementing the
Clean Energy Collaborative Procurement Initiative within
the Washington, DC metro area.
Engage with colleges and universities nationwide to
accelerate the deployment of long-term clean energy
strategies across the higher education portfolio.
Continue to support and recognize partners' green power
purchases while working with green power suppliers to
increase the market supply of attractive green power
products.
Increase the number of new partners by 15 percent
in 2012.
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP
§ CHP
j>EPA COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's CHP Partnership
encourages the use of high-
efficiency CHP technologies,
which are cleanerthan
separately produced electrical and thermal energy. CHP
projects are up to 80 percent more efficient than traditional
separate heat and power generation,11 and can also reduce
reliance on grid-supplied electricity, increase the reliability of
existing electricity supply systems, and help delay the need
to build new capacity.
To promote increased use of CHP, EPA works closely with
energy users; the CHP industry; state, local, and tribal
governments; and other stakeholders to develop new CHP
projects and promote their environmental, economic, and
other benefits. Since its inception, the CHP Partnership has
made a significant impact on U.S. CHP capacity, annually
assisting up to 55 percent of the new CHP capacity additions
(see Table 14).
Achievements in 2011
Assisted in the deployment of more than 269 MW of new
CHP nationwide (out of 569 MW of total new nationwide
capacity), bringing the cumulative impact of the program
to over 5,400 MW of new CHP.
Welcomed 64 new partners, bringing the total to 404.
Responded to 35 technical assistance requests from
organizations across the country such as universities,
wastewater treatment plants, federal agencies, utilities,
CHP project developers, and non-governmental
organizations.
" For more information, see www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.html.
34
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CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Hosted an annual stakeholder meeting in collaboration
with the U.S. Clean Heat and Power Association, featuring
panels on industrial energy efficiency and communicating
CHP benefits to policymakers.
Revised a widely-referenced report on the potential of CHP
in wastewater treatment facilities and presented its findings
to stakeholders at two major conferences.
Published a fact sheet on output-based air regulations,
which recognize CHP's substantial environmental benefits.
Honored six highly-efficient CHP projects with the ENERGY
STAR CHP Award. These systems range in size from 0.2 MW
at a gas pipeline compressor station to 46 MW serving a
35,000-person university campus (see Table 15).
Presented a webinar on GHG permitting and CHP systems,
in response to stakeholder interest.
In support of the DDE-sponsored Hydrogen Student Design
Contest, recommended methodologies to calculate the
emissions reductions of students' CHP+hydrogen proposals.
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond
• Launch new online tools and other resources for
policymakers and project developers to facilitate
increased adoption of CHP, including technology and
policy white papers and a comprehensive database of
CHP policies and incentives.
• Continue to advance the positive treatment of CHP in new
or modified environmental regulations and documents,
such as state and tribal air quality planning resources.
• Expand work with EPA regions on the application of
output-based regulations.
TABLE 15. 2011 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards
TABLE 14. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share
CHP Project
Cornell University
Dominion Transmission—Crayne Station
KPMG LLP
National Institutes of Health
University of Cincinnati
University of Massachusetts Amherst
TOTAL NEW CHP
YEAR CAPACITY (MW)
NEW CHP CAPACITY
CREDITABLE TO THE CHP
PARTNERSHIP (MW)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total
5,580
3,953
3,556
1,667
477
628
417
710
628
569
18,185
620(11%)
516(13%)
1,963(55%)
821 (49%)
140(29%)
342 (54%)
185(44%)
365(51%)
274 (44%)
269 (47%)
5,495
Assure that CHP is appropriately recognized in widely-
accepted building performance rating systems and
standards, such as those developed by ASHRAE and the
U.S. Green Building Council certification in Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®).
Reach out to federal stakeholders and state energy
agencies—e.g., through the State and Local Energy
Efficiency Action Network (SEE Action) and the National
Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)—to
facilitate including CHP in key climate and energy plans
and policies.
Location
Ithaca, NY
Waynesburg, PA
Montvale, NJ
Bethesda, MD
Cincinnati, OH
Amherst, MA
CHP Partner(s)
Cornell University, NYSERDA, Solar Turbines
Capstone Turbine Corporation, E-Finity
Distributed Generation
Capstone Turbine Corporation, KPMG LLP,
UTC Power
Pepco Energy Services, RMF Engineering
Solar Turbines, University of Cincinnati
Nexant, Inc., Solar Turbines, Turbosteam,
TVC Systems, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Vanderweil Engineers
35
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STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES
EPA helps state and local governments use clean energy and other strategies to reduce GHG and other
pollutant emissions and achieve associated environmental, energy system, and economic benefits by
providing technical assistance, analytical tools, and peer exchange opportunities.
FIGURE 18. EPA Supports 50 Climate Showcase Communities
In 2011, EPA:
• Held a workshop for the 50 Climate
Showcase Communities that are piloting
local and tribal government climate
change initiatives (see Figure 18). The
goal of the Showcase program is to
create replicable models of sustainable
community projects that result in cost-
effective and sustained GHG reductions
while improving the environmental,
economic, human health, or social
conditions in a community.
• Hosted an extensive suite of webinars
and supported peer exchange among
states, local governments, the heat
island community, and energy efficiency practitioners. The most popular offering was a three-part
webinar series for state and local government personnel on funding and financing clean energy
programs. The series covered the answers to big picture funding questions, finding funding for climate
and clean energy programs, and financing options for program implementation.
36
-------
STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES
STATE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
Stole Climate and Energy Frogrjir
Achievements in 2011
• Released an analysis of
projected energy savings and
demand impacts of existing
state energy efficiency and
renewable energy policies.
This analysis will be useful to states when preparing State
Implementation Plans and assessing the impacts of clean
energy policies on their air quality management and GHG
mitigation plans.
• Hosted a series of state technical forums on the
Assessing the Multiple Benefits of Clean Energy qu\de,
including the impact of clean energy investment on the
electric system, on air quality, and on job creation.
Released the Financing Program Decision Guide and
Tool. The guide provides an in-depth look at issues and
considerations for getting started with and choosing a
clean energy financing program. The tool helps state and
local government staff members identify clean energy
financing programs suited to their target market and
available resources.
LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
Achievements in 2011
• Launched the second round of
25 projects under the Climate
Showcase Communities
program, hosted an intensive
workshop for grantees, and
launched a new Web page featuring three online videos
about the program.
Local Climate and Energy Program
Issued three new Local Climate and Energy Strategy
Guides: Transportation Control Measures, Energy
Efficiency in K-12 Schools, and Energy Efficiency in
Affordable Housing. These are the latest installments in
a series that provides comprehensive, straightforward
overviews of GHG emission reduction strategies for
local governments.
Launched an updated Heat Island Program website.
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond for the State and Local Climate and Energy Programs
Continue to provide technical assistance and support
that helps state and local governments achieve low-cost
emissions reductions and lays the groundwork for using
clean energy strategies to improve air quality and secure
other benefits.
Hold a third intensive workshop for the pilot communities
in the Climate Showcase Communities program, and
publicize their project accomplishments. The combined
grantee estimates across all 50 projects indicate that
by 2015, approximately 350,000 metric tons of C02e
emissions will be prevented annually.
• Encourage other governments to learn from and
replicate the success of the Climate Showcase
Communities.
• Release two additional installments of the Local Climate
and Energy Strategy Series, including Energy Efficiency
in Resource Conservation and Recovery, and Energy
Efficiency in Water and Wastewater Facilities.
37
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
CLEAN ENERGY AND UTILITY POLICY PROGRAMS
Despite the proven economic and environmental benefits of
clean energy, various barriers continue to deter utilities, as
well as state and local governments, from making greater
investments in cost-effective clean energy measures. During
2011, EPA and DOE continued to co-facilitate the State and
Local Energy Efficiency Action Network (SEE Action). SEE
Action offers information resources and technical assistance
to state and local decisionmakers to support their efforts to
provide cost-effective energy efficiency to their communities.
Scenario Illustrates Benefits of Energy Efficiency Policies
in Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) Compliance
In the March 2011 MATS proposed rule, EPA presented
an Illustrative Energy Efficiency Scenario to examine the
impacts of integrating energy efficiency policies—
including ratepayer-funded programs and appliance
standards—into compliance strategies. The results
demonstrate the following benefits of complementary
energy efficiency policies:
Economic benefits:
• Reduced compliance costs
• Reduced impacts on electricity and natural gas prices
Reliability benefits:
• Reduced need for new generation
• Reduced need for new emissions controls
Source: U.S. EPA 2011 b. Proposed MATS Rule (Regulatory
Impact Analysis and Preamble).
38
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METHANE PROGRAMS
Methane is an excellent candidate for reducing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere and providing a
clean energy resource in the process. Methane is the second most significant GHG behind C02, and currently
contributes one third of all anthropogenic (man-made) emissions to climate change. It also has a relatively
short atmospheric lifetime of about 9 to 15 years, which means that reductions made today will yield positive
results in the nearterm. And unlike other GHGs, methane is an important energy resource that allows for cost-
effective mitigation of GHGs. There are many opportunities to recover and re-use or sell methane from the
agriculture (manure management), coal mining, oil and gas systems, and landfill sectors.
FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane
Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2020
700
EPA has established partnership programs with
industry to reduce methane emissions from
some of the largest sources by encouraging the
recovery and use of methane as energy. EPA's
programs—Natural Gas STAR, AgSTAR, the
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, and the
Landfill Methane Outreach Program—strive to
remove market barriers and increase investment
in cost-effective emissions reduction technologies
and practices.
• In 2011, the combined efforts of EPA's methane
programs resulted in GHG emissions reductions
of 63.9 MMTC02e (see Table 16, p. 40).
• Combined with a regulatory program to limit air emissions from the nation's largest landfills, these
partnerships have reduced emissions from targeted sources to 15 percent below 1990 levels. They are
projected to remain below 1990 levels through at least 2020 (see Figure 19).
EPA is also achieving results on a global scale by sharing its experience, expertise, and success in the
U.S. with partners around the world. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI), formerly known as the Methane
to Markets Partnership, works with 41 partner governments and more than 1,100 public and private sector
organizations internationally to accelerate the recovery and use of methane as a clean energy resource (see
sidebar p. 46).
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
39
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
TABLE 16. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals
PROGRAM 2011 GOAL 2011 ACHIEVEMENT 2012 GOAL
NATURAL GAS STAR
Annual Gas Savings (MMTC02e)
27.9
29.5
30.8
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTC02e)
10.1
10.1*
10.6
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
Number of Projects
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTC02e)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTC02e)
449
23.5
61.5
545
24.3
63.9
485
24.6
66
* Estimated. 2011GHG emissions inventory data not available.
NATURAL GAS STAR PROGRAM
Natural Gas STAR is a flexible,
collaborative partnership between
EPA and oil and natural gas
companies, designed to spur
the adoption of cost-effective
technologies and practices that
reduce methane emissions. By working with both domestic
and international companies involved in oil production and
all sectors of the natural gas supply chain, Natural Gas
STAR helps reduce methane emissions, improve operational
efficiency, increase natural gas supply, and contribute to a
healthier global environment.
The program offers a full array of tools and resources—
including technology transfer workshops, Lessons Learned
studies, Partner Reported Opportunities^^ sheets,
technical reports and studies, and peer networking forums—
to assist companies in implementing a wide range of cost-
effective best management practices and technologies to
reduce methane emissions.
Achievements in 2011
Reduced U.S. methane emissions by 29.5 MMTC02e
through the efforts undertaken and reported by domestic
partners for 2011, achieving cumulative program
reductions of approximately 438 MMTC02e since 1990
(see Figure 20).
Continued to maintain about 60-percent industry
participation across all major sectors—production,
gathering and processing, transmission, and distribution.
Welcomed Star Energy of Indonesia, GAIL of India,
Chevron Gulf of Mexico Business Unit, and Dominion
Transmission to the program, bringing the total to 138
domestic and international partners.
Recognized 18 partner companies for their significant
corporate achievements in reducing methane emissions
from oil and gas systems (see Table 17).
FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions
Reductions and Gas Savings
1,200 -i
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
40
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METHANE PROGRAMS
Conducted five international Technology Transfer
workshops.
Performed measurement studies to evaluate the feasibility
of reducing methane emissions through targeted
technologies and practices both domestically and
internationally in seven countries. Provided training on the
various data analysis techniques and software tools used
in processing results from measurement studies.
Hosted with Oxy, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips, a GMI oil
and gas sector study tour in Texas and New Mexico with
partners from India, Russia, and Colombia.
Revamped Natural Gas STAR technical documents,
creating new, streamlined documents covering more
than 60 methane emissions reduction activities that can
be implemented in oil and natural gas production, and in
natural gas processing, transmission, and distribution.
What to Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Engage the U.S. oil and gas industry to address the largest
remaining sources of methane emissions.
Update existing program materials and develop new
tools that highlight the environmental and economic
benefits of reducing methane emissions to facilitate the
implementation of new projects.
Advance GMI program efforts in new geographical areas,
such as the Middle East and Gulf.
TABLE 17. 2011 Natural Gas STAR Awards
Production Partner of the Year
Southwestern Energy Company
Gathering and Processing Partner of
Targa Resources, Inc.
Transmission Partner of the Year
Iroquois Gas Transmission System
Distribution Partner of the Year
SourceGas, LLC
Implementation Manager of the Year
Alena Jonas, ConocoPhillips
International Partner of the Year
GAZ-SYSTEM S.A.
Continuing Excellence - 17 Years
AGL Resources
Continuing Excellence - 15 Years
Delmarva Power
Iroquois Gas Transmission System
PECO Energy Company
Houston, TX
the Year
Houston, TX
Shelton, CT
Lakewood, CO
Houston, TX
Warsaw, Poland
Atlanta, GA
Willmington, DE
Shelton, CT
Philadelphia, PA
• Collaborate with the GMI Oil & Gas Subcommittee to
leverage technical resources effectively.
• Continue progress made under Natural Gas STAR
International with China, India, and Latin America to
implement new methane emissions reduction projects
through on-the-ground audits, project identification, and
prefeasibility studies.
• Coordinate with federal and state agencies to address
methane emissions from federal lands, focusing on
activities in the western U.S.
Continuing Excellence -12 Years
CenterPoint Energy Minnesota Gas
Rochester Gas & Electric Corporation
Continuing Excellence -10 Years
El Paso Pipeline Group
Continuing Excellence - 7 Years
Alliant Energy
Energen Resources
Gulf South Pipeline
Continuing Excellence - 5 Years
Carolina Gas Transmission
Constellation Energy/Baltimore Gas and
Electric Company
Southwestern Energy Company
Trunkline Gas
Minneapolis, MN
Rochester, NY
Houston, TX
Madison, Wl
Birmingham, AL
Houston, TX
Cayce, SC
Baltimore, MD
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
41
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
AGSTAR PROGRAM
Biogas recovery systems help reduce
GHG emissions by enabling the
recovery and use of methane from
animal manure and other organic
wastes. A biogas recovery system
is typically anchored by a manure
digester that captures and combusts
biogas to produce electricity, heat, or hot water. In addition
to avoiding methane emissions, digester systems also reduce
local water and air pollution, act as a source of renewable
energy, provide rural economic development, better manage
nutrients, and generate other value-added products (e.g.,
manure fibers) that improve farm revenues.
Through the AgSTAR Program, EPA partners with the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) to collaborate with the
nation's agriculture industry to reduce methane emissions
by promoting the use of biogas recovery systems to manage
animal waste. EPA offers an array of tools and information
designed to assist livestock producers in evaluating and
implementing methane recovery systems. Currently, there are
more than 200 manure digester systems operating or under
construction in the U.S.
Achievements in 2011
Provided technical support to USDA in selecting 15
anaerobic digester projects for grant and loan funding
through the Farm Bill.
Supported digester-to-energy projects that produced
almost 550 million kWh of renewable energy from farms
capturing methane.
Updated and expanded the AgSTAR national digester
database to include 176 operating digesters and to track
approximately 100 digester projects that were under
construction or shut down.
What to Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Provide technical expertise to enable the distribution
of state and federal grant and loan funds to anaerobic
digester projects through USDA and other funding
sources.
Collaborate with industry, state and federal agencies, and
other stakeholders to address barriers to digester system
implementation at a national level.
Evaluate the application of ancillary digester and biogas
use technologies to improve environmental performance
and revenue potential from digester systems.
Enhance the AgSTAR program website to provide
improved tools and resources targeted to livestock
producers, project developers, and policymakers.
Hold the seventh AgSTAR National Conference and
participate in regional events to provide environmental,
program, market, technical, and funding information on
anaerobic digestion systems.
Track the latest information on the deployment of
anaerobic digestion systems in the U.S. through the
AgSTAR national digester database.
42
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METHANE PROGRAMS
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
U.S EPA
Coajbed Methane
, . /mi i Ht AI:H pflOGHAM
The Coalbed Methane Outreach
Program (CMOP) strives to reduce
methane emissions from coal mining
activities. Coal mine methane (CMM)
is a potent GHG and can be an
explosive hazard inside mines. But if
CMM is recovered safely and used for
energy, it is a valuable, clean-burning fuel source. CMOP
collaborates with coal companies and related industries
to reduce methane emissions through the development of
environmentally beneficial, cost-effective CMM recovery and
utilization projects.
The program primarily focuses on mitigating emissions
from underground coal mines, both from degasification
systems and from mine ventilation systems, as well as
from abandoned (closed) underground mines and active
surface mines. CMOP provides high-quality, project-specific
information and technical assistance to the coal mining
industry and project developers, including identifying
project sites, analyzing and demonstrating technologies,
conducting mine-specific project feasibility assessments and
market evaluations, and analyzing financial incentives and
regulatory hurdles.
Achievements in 2011
• Increased the percentage of drained CMM that is
recovered and used to approximately 84 percent—up
from 25 percent in the early 1990s.
• Reduced emissions of methane by an estimated 10.1
MMTC02e.12 These results include reductions from about
15 active underground coal mines, as well as reductions
from around 26 projects that captured and used methane
from approximately 36 closed underground U.S. coal
mines.
• Announced two new ventilation air methane (VAM)
mitigation projects at active U.S. coal mines and promoted
the continued success of the first-ever VAM mitigation
project that was launched in 2009. These projects were
made possible by CMOP's extensive technical and
outreach efforts over the years, including a successful
VAM technology demonstration project cosponsored
with DOE.
• Hosted the 2011 U.S. Coal Mine Methane Annual
Conference, which attracted a large number of attendees
and exhibitors. This conference is the only forum of its
kind to address the opportunities and challenges of CMM
project development in the U.S.
• Refined tools to assist potential CMM project developers,
including an online cash flow model to assess project
finance and economics, as well as a map tool that
indicates the locations and key attributes of U.S. CMM
recovery and use projects, and potential sites.
What to Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Use data from the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
(Subpart FF Underground Coal Mines) to help target
CMOP outreach activities.
Update technical reports and analytical tools to provide
the latest information on how to recover CMM and use
it effectively.
Directly engage project developers, investors, technology
vendors, and the mining community through tailored
outreach and events, including the 2012 U.S. Coal Mine
Methane Annual Conference.
Evaluate opportunities for new CMM recovery and
utilization projects.
Work with other federal agencies to address unique
challenges and barriers to CMM recovery projects on
federal lands, particularly in the western U.S.
12 Estimate. 2011 emissions inventory data unavailable.
43
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM
LANDFILL METHANE
OU1KACH PROGHAM
Landfill gas (LFG) energy projects prevent
direct methane emissions from landfills
and reduce indirect C02 emissions by
displacing energy generated from the
burning of fossil fuels with LFG, an
alternative energy source (see Figure 21).
Through the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP),
EPA provides landfill owners and operators a suite of
tools and technical resources to help them overcome the
obstacles to developing LFG energy projects. LMOP provides
technical assistance to both smaller landfills not covered
by EPA regulations and larger, regulated operations that are
combusting their gas but not yet using it as a clean energy
source.
Over the past 17 years, LMOP has assisted 545 LFG energy
projects and surpassed 580 operational projects nationally
(see Figure 22). These LMOP-assisted projects have
collectively reduced methane emissions from landfills and
avoided emissions totaling 197.8 MMTC02e; they are partially
responsible for the approximately 25-percent decrease in
methane emissions from landfills since 1990.
FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects
250
200
150-
!T 100-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Achievements in 2011
• Reduced methane emissions by 24.3 MMTC02e, partly as
a result of helping to develop 39 new LFG energy projects
and expand 17 existing projects.
• Welcomed 67 new partners, increasing participation by
7 percent and bringing the total to more than 1,010.
• Provided stakeholders with technical assistance that
included performing 25 cost analyses, conducting 18
locator searches to match end-users with landfills, and
running gas generation models for 19 potential LFG
energy projects.
Garnered public attention for LMOP partners and LFG
energy projects, which were featured by numerous
media outlets, including The Environmental Magazine and
PublicWorks. Supported seven opening events and one
groundbreaking event with informational resources
and materials.
Recognized the outstanding accomplishments of three
landfill methane partners and three exemplary projects at
the 15th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo (see
Table 18).
44
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METHANE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas (LFG) Energy Projects Across the Country
WASHINGTON
NEW MEXICO
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
Increasing Operational LFG Energy Projects
<5
5-15 16-20
(Number of Projects)
>20
What to Expect in 2012 and Beyond
Assist in the development of 28 new LFG energy projects
and the expansion of eight existing projects.
Expand efforts to promote the benefits of LFG energy to
municipal and small landfills in key states with the highest
number of candidate landfills.
Host the 16th Annual LMOP Conference, Project Expo, and
Awards Ceremony to showcase the top LMOP partners
and projects and discuss the latest industry trends.
Provide streamlined technical assistance for LFG energy
through website tools, resources, and an automated
Contact Us feature.
TABLE 18. 2011 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
Projects of the Year
Dane County BioCNG™
Vehicle Fueling Project
Golden Triangle Regional Solid
Waste Management Authority
Power Generation Project
Lime Energy Landfill Gas
Energy Plant
Madison, Wl
Starkville, MS
Punta Gorda, FL
Industry Partners of the Year
Enerdyne Power Systems, Inc.
WM Renewable Energy
Community Partner of the Year
Decatur-Morgan County Landfill
Charlotte, NC
Houston, TX
Trinity, AL
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
Global Methane Initiative
The Global Methane
^W Initiative (GMl) is a
^ voluntary, multilateral
Global partnership that aims to
Methane Initiative reduce methane emissions
and advance the recovery
and use of methane as a valuable clean energy source.
GMI created an international capacity building network to
help develop strategies, transform markets, and remove
barriers to methane reduction project development in
partner countries. From the beginning, the U.S. has been
a leader of GMI. The U.S. provides technical, financial,
or capacity-building support to about 700 global projects
and activities that reduced methane emissions by
approximately 30 MMTC02e in 2011 (see Figure 23). During
the year, U.S. agencies held some 20 workshops and
technical demonstrations in more than 10 partner countries,
participated in more than a dozen site visits worldwide, and
hosted three study tours for international delegates to U.S.
facilities.
In October 2011, more than 160 GMI partner country
representatives, government leaders, and technical
experts from 31 countries gathered in Krakow, Poland,
for a partnership-wide meeting that included site tours
and technical and policy sessions. At that event, the GMI
Steering Committee approved plans for a third Partnership
Expo in March 2013 that Canada will host in Vancouver.
Similarto past Expos held in China and India, Methane Expo
2013 will comprise plenary and concurrent sector-specific
sessions, and is expected to attract up to 750 participants
from more than 40 countries. As in years past, the U.S. is
taking an active role in Expo planning and preparation.
Within the past year, renewed international interest
in reducing emissions of certain air pollutants led to
the development of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition
(CCAC) that targets global emissions of short-lived climate
pollutants (SLCPs) such as methane. Setto officially launch
in February 2012, CCAC will provide an additional venue for
the United States to share its methane reduction expertise
and capacity building experience garnered through GMI.
EPA is particularly interested in supporting additional
efforts to reduce methane from the municipal solid waste
and oil and gas sectors via the high-level political support
that CCAC is attracting.
EPA is committed to maintaining its strong support for
GMI, and continuing its work to expand methane project
development opportunities around the globe through
capacity building workshops, directtechnical assistance,
and grant programs that build local capacity. EPA will work
with new initiatives such as CCAC to bring forward its
GMI methane expertise and lookfor new ways to achieve
additional global methane emissions reductions. EPA
will also work closely with its counterpart Environment
Canada to make the Methane Expo 2013 a major global
event that provides a unique opportunity for the global
methane community to share experiences and learn about
new opportunities to mitigate climate change through the
abatement and reduction of methane emissions.
FIGURE 23. GHG Reductions From U.S.-Supported GMI Projects
35
30 -
CD
CJ
25
^- 20
QC
CJ3
15
10
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
46
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
EPA's voluntary fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs continue to make significant
reductions in potent GHG emissions. The fluorinated gases—including perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are in several
cases byproducts of certain U.S. industrial operations. MFCs, on the other hand, are principally used
as replacements for GHGs that also deplete the ozone layer. Ozone-depleting substances, including
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are used in refrigerators, air
conditioners, insulating foams, and other products, but are being phased out globally under the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Through its partnership programs, EPA works closely with participating industries to identify cost-effective
emissions reduction opportunities, recognize industry accomplishments, and facilitate the transition toward
environmentally friendlier technologies and best environmental practices. Partners include aluminum
producers, HCFC-22 producers, semiconductor manufacturers, electrical transmission and distribution
system operators, magnesium producers and processors, supermarkets, utilities, and appliance retailers
and manufacturers. Although FGHGs account for a small portion of total U.S. GHG emissions, they have very
high global warming potentials (GWPs); and emissions on a per-facility basis tend to be high. FGHGs trap
substantially more heat in the atmosphere than does C02 on a per-mass basis, and some can have much
longer atmospheric lifetimes than C02 (see Table 19, p. 48).13
The combined efforts of the FGHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions substantially
below baseline levels—an impressive achievement given the potential for sizable growth in many of these
industries. In 2011, FGHG emissions reductions across the partnership programs totaled 53.9 MMTC02e
(see Table 20, p. 48). Additionally, emissions are expected to stay at the levels shown in Figure 24, p. 48, as
EPA continues to support partners in their efforts to improve industrial processes and share best practices.
13 These are emissions reductions from voluntary programs and do not include reductions from regulatory programs such as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program.
47
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
TABLE 19. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric
Lifetimes of GHGs
FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions
of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012*
GLOBAL WARMING ^^HM^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^M
POTENTIAL FOR 100 ATMOSPHERIC ^BBj^^P^M^H^^^^^^^^B^^^M^^^^^^^
GREENHOUSE GAS YEARS LIFETIME (YEARS) I •§• ^^\^^^^ ^^^^^^^ 1
Carbon Dioxide 1 50-200
Methane 25 12
Nitrous Oxide 298 114
Hydrofluorocarbons 12-14,800 0.3-270
HFC-134a 1,430 14
HFC-245fa 1,030 7.6
Perfluorocarbons 7,390-12,200 2,600-50,000
Sulfur Hexafluoride 22,800 3,200
1
IX. WITHOUT PARTNER ACTIONS
X.
^X^
^ — .
-— >.
WITH PARTNER ACTIONS
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012
"Hgure does not include data rrom HAU or ureenunill programs.
Source: IPCC 2007.
TABLE 20. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs
PROGRAM 2011 GOAL 2011 ACHIEVEMENT 2012 GOAL
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
99%
8.1
99%
NA***
99%
10.3
HFC-23
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)*
100%
22.0
100%
22.0*
100%
16.9
OTHER STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Industry Participation (% in program)**
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)*
50-100%
27.5
50-100%
27.5*
50-100%
33.4
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL (RAD)
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
10.5%
0.2
9.4%
0.3
13.1%
0.5
GREENCHILL
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Reductions (MMTC02e)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTC02e)
17.3%
2.6
60.4
20.6%
4.1
53.9****
22.7%
4.5
65.5
* Estimate, awaiting industry reporting under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.
** Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.
*** Reported data indicate no net emissions reductions from the partnership occurred in 2011.
**** Due to the global recession, lower production resulted in lower than forecast reductions.
48
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
THE VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
Since 1995, EPA and the U.S.
primary aluminum industry
have worked together through
the Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership (VAIP),
which represents 98 percent of U.S. production capacity,
to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions from aluminum
production. PFC emissions of perfluoromethane (CF4) and
IM11STRIAIPAKTMRS1IIP-
perfluoroethane (C2F6) are inadvertent byproducts of the
smelting process, and emissions of C02 are caused by the
consumption of the carbon anode. EPA supports partners
by providing technical assistance to evaluate the factors
that influence PFC emissions, sharing best practices,
and recognizing partners for their commitment to cutting
emissions. All aluminum manufacturers now report through
the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.
Achievements in 2011
• Continued work with China to evaluate the technical origin
of non-anode effect PFC emissions.
• Worked with the International Aluminium Institute (IAI) to
update the EPA/IAI Guidelines for PFC Measurement.
Updated training materials for smelter workers on anode
effect avoidance.
HFC-23 EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM
HFC-23 is a byproduct in the production of HCFC-22, a
common commercial and residential air conditioning
refrigerant. Through its partnership with 100 percent of the
U.S. HCFC-22 industry, EPA encourages the development
and implementation of feasible, cost-effective processing
practices and technologies that reduce HFC-23 emissions.
Since the partnership began in 1993, U.S. HCFC-22
manufacturers have made significant progress in lowering
emissions of HFC-23. As a result, HFC-23 emissions intensity
has dropped dramatically.14 The partnership has successfully
completed the development of GHG emissions inventory
management tools, such as standardized inventory methods,
audits of data collection, and reporting forms. In addition to
process optimization, U.S. manufacturers are increasingly
using thermal abatement to reduce emissions toward near
zero levels.
All HCFC-22 manufacturers now report through the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. EPA will continue to
encourage emissions reductions through voluntary action.
Achievements in 2011
Reduced emissions by22.0MMTC02e below what they
would have been had production continued at 1990
emissions intensity levels.15
"HFC-23 emissions intensity is the amount of HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22 manufactured.
"EPA estimate made prior to industry reporting under the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.
49
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION/CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP FOR THE
SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
Y-i
In 2000, the World Semiconductor
Council (WSC) set the first industry-wide
global GHG emissions reduction target.
In 2010, EPA's FGHG Reduction/Climate
Partnership for the Semiconductor
Industry met that goal by reducing
aggregate emissions by at least
10 percent below the 1995 baseline level.
EPA established its partnership with the semiconductor
industry in 1996 and has supported partners ever since
in their efforts to identify and implement FGHG-reducing
process changes and manufacturing tool improvements
for the production of integrated circuits. The industry has
developed technological improvements in four key areas:
process improvements/source reductions, alternative
chemicals, capture and beneficial reuse, and destruction
technologies.
The present challenges for global manufacturers and EPA
include maintaining flexibility and dynamic leadership that
takes into account emerging production centers in China,
Malaysia, and Singapore, as well as expanding cooperation
with related high-tech electronics manufacturing sectors.
EPA remains committed to working with the semiconductor
industry to continue to reduce FGHG emissions, and
looks forward to exploring options for future voluntary
collaboration with the electronics manufacturing sector.
SF, EMISSION REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
SF6 is the most potent and persistent
GHG—it traps 23,900 times more
infrared radiation than the equivalent
amount of C02 (see Table 19, p. 48).
Used primarily by electric utilities,
SF6 is a gaseous dielectric for high-
voltage circuit breakers and gas-insulated substations. As
such, utilities nationwide have the opportunity to make a big
difference in the nation's emissions of SFC.
EPA partners with 83 electric power companies through the
voluntary SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for Electric
Power Systems. EPA works with the industry to share
information about best management practices and cost-
effective operational improvements, such as detecting and
repairing leaks, using recycling equipment, and educating
and training employees. In addition to providing a means to
actively address climate change, this program has helped
partner companies reap financial savings through reduced
SF6 gas purchases. Partners represent 47 percent of the total
U.S. transmission system.
Achievements in 2011
Reduced emissions by 10 MMTC02e, bringing average SF6
emissions rates down to 4 percent of the total equipment
nameplate capacity.16
Conducted a workshop in Atlanta, GA, for over 100
participants on reducing SF6 emissions. Guest speakers
reviewed a broad array of topics, including gas handling
and tracking, best practices in gas management,
training, and new and emerging measurement and
monitoring techniques. The 2-day event, hosted by partner
companies Southern Company and Georgia Power,
included a site visit where SF6 reduction techniques were
demonstrated.
Continued to work with partners to update their SF6
reduction goals.
Recognized four partner companies for outstanding
achievement: Commonwealth Edison Company (ComEd)
of Chicago, IL; MidAmerican Energy Company of
Des Moines, IA; ITC Holdings Corp. of Novi, Ml; and
Consolidated Edison Company (ConEd) of New York, NY.
"EPA estimate made prior to reporting under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.
50
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
SF, EMISSION REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR THE MAGNESIUM INDUSTRY
The SF. Emission Reduction
b
Partnership for the Magnesium
Industry brought EPA together
with U.S. magnesium industry
partners and the International
Magnesium Association (IMA)
to identify and adopt best management practices for
reducing and eliminating emissions of SF6. Launched in
1999, this partnership works to reduce SF6 emissions from
magnesium production and casting operations; more than
80 percent of the U.S. magnesium industry participates.
Successful collaboration with the magnesium industry
for more than 10 years has led to a number of significant
partnership achievements. Notably, measurement studies
conducted by EPA and partner companies contributed to
the identification of multiple technically proven alternatives
to SF6. EPA's partners in the magnesium industry made
progress in improving their operational efficiencies and
environmental performance by deploying alternative cover
gas technologies; optimizing SF6 cover gas concentrations,
flow rates, and delivery mechanisms; as well as identifying
and repairing leaks in SF6 gas distribution systems.
EPA will continue to receive valuable data on GHG emissions
from magnesium production and processing facilities in the
U.S. through EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. EPA
remains committed to providing technical information to
support the industry in eliminating SF6 and adopting climate-
friendly cover gases.
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL (RAD) PROGRAM
Responsible Appliance
k Disposal Program
&RAD.
EPA launched the Responsible
Appliance Disposal (RAD)
Program in October 2006 to help
protect the ozone layer and
reduce GHG emissions. Partners
go above and beyond the regulations to ensure the disposal
of appliance foam and refrigerant from old refrigerators,
freezers, window air conditioners, and dehumidifiers using
the best environmental practices available. EPA also works
with partners to prevent the release of hazardous materials
like mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well
as save landfill space and energy by recycling durable
materials—eliminating the need to produce virgin materials.
The RAD Program invites utilities, retailers, manufacturers,
state and local governments, universities, and other
qualifying organizations to become partners.
EPA calculates stratospheric ozone benefits, climate
benefits, and energy savings achieved by RAD partners.
EPA also provides support for implementing and developing
responsible appliance disposal programs and recognizes
partners through press releases, brochures, and case
studies on the RAD website.
Achievements in 2011
• Avoided emissions of 0.3 MMTC02e and over 948,000
pounds of ozone-depleting substances through the proper
disposal of more than 890,000 refrigerant-containing
appliances.
• Welcomed General Electric as the first RAD manufacturer
partner and the country's first supplier of a fully
automated UNTHA Recycling Technology (URT) System.
Utility partnerships grew to represent increased capacity
in the Northeast region, with 37 utility partners servicing
26 states. On average, refrigerators collected by RAD
utility partners were over 20 years old. Replacing a
20-year old refrigerator with one that is ENERGY STAR
certified will save a household roughly 550 kWh/year—or
about$65/year.
51
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
GREENCHILL PARTNERSHIP
EPA's GreenChill Partnership works
with the supermarket industry
to reduce refrigerant emissions
that harm the ozone layer and
contribute to climate change.
Supermarket refrigerant emissions
are approximately 2,000 to 4,000 times more potent global
warmers than C02. Supermarkets leak about 35 million
pounds of these refrigerants annually.
GreenChill has three programs: the Corporate Emissions
Reduction Program, the Store Certification Program, and the
Advanced Refrigeration Program. They help supermarkets
transition to environmentally friendlier refrigerants, reduce
the amount of refrigerant used, eliminate refrigerant leaks,
and adopt green refrigeration technologies and best
environmental practices.
GreenChill's Corporate Emissions Reduction Program
currently has 7,693 partner stores—over 20 percent of
the supermarket industry. The Store Certification Program
encourages emissions reductions by setting standards
for individual stores' refrigerant leak rates, the types of
refrigerant used, and the amount of refrigerant used. Stores
that achieve GreenChill's certification emit at least 65 percent
less refrigerant than a typical store.
Achievements in 2011
GreenChill partners have an average annual leak rate
(12.2%) that is about 50 percent lower than the national
average annual leak rate (25%).
An average GreenChill store's climate impact due to
refrigerant leaks (378 MTC02e) was 65 percent lower than
the national average store's (1,077 MTC02e).
Sixty-four GreenChill stores were certified in 2011
for advanced refrigeration technology that prevents
refrigerant leaks—2 platinum, 28 gold, and 34 silver.
Stores with a platinum, gold, or silver certification prevent
at least 95 percent, 75 percent, or 65 percent, respectively,
of the refrigerant leaks of a typical store.
What To Expect in 2012 and Beyond for the FGHG Programs
The FGHG partnership programs will continue to work
closely with their partners and implement strategies to keep
emissions below baseline levels. EPA plans to:
• Benchmark current emissions reduction options and
costs for high FGHG emitters to support partnership and
policymaking activities.
• Where required, facilitate partner efforts to transition from
voluntary to the mandatory emissions reporting required
for calendaryear2012.
• Participate in domestic and international conferences to
support information sharing on technically feasible, cost-
effective emissions reduction strategies.
Support training programs to ensure partners collect and
report high-quality data.
Continue to recruit RAD partners and promote the
disposal of refrigerant-containing appliances using the
best available environmental practices.
Continue to recruit GreenChill supermarket partners.
Benchmark partner HFC and HCFC refrigerant
emissions reductions. Facilitate partners' transition to
environmentally friendlier refrigerants and advanced
technologies and practices. Encourage store design
improvements to prevent emissions, rather than
repairthem.
52
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
Demonstrating Progress: Measuring Results of the EPA Climate Protection Partnership Programs
EPA's climate protection programs are an important component of the U.S. government's strategy to
address climate change. EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-
established methods to estimate the benefits of its programs. For each program, EPA has a robust process
in place to regularly review and improve the program evaluation approaches.
The approaches used for each specific program are summarized in the sections below. They vary by
program strategy, sector, availability of data, and market characteristics. To present the most realistic
estimates of program benefits, EPA employs a common analytical framework across all of the individual
program approaches:
• The benefits discussed represent the results attributable to EPA efforts above pre-existing trends or
business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios.
• Program methods address data quality, potential double counting with other EPA programs, free-
ridership, the efforts of third-party actors, and other program-specific market effects.
• Where marginal uncertainty exists, EPA uses the best available information and best practices that yield
conservative benefit estimates.
• Cumulative estimated benefits reflect the stream of energy savings that are generated through 2011 due
to investments made through 2011. For this analysis, EPA assumes no new investments will be made
through its programs in 2012 or beyond.
• Financial benefits are placed in presentvalue terms.
Environmental and financial benefits for 2011 and the cumulative benefits are summarized in Table 2 on
page 5. The historical environmental benefits and cost effectiveness of these programs are summarized
on pages 54 and 55 (see Table 21, p. 55). The information presented in this report is similar to much of the
information used in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Program Assessment Rating Tool
(PART), which found these EPA programs to be achieving their goals.
53
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
EPA Programs Are Highly Cost-Effective Mechanisms for Reducing GHG Emissions
EPA's climate protection programs are a very cost-effective approach for reducing U.S. GHG emissions. Moreover, it is clear
from sources such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report and McKinsey's study,
"Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: How Much at What Cost?" that there are still great untapped opportunities for these
programs to capture—meaning they will continue to be cost-effective far into the future. Every federal dollar spent on these
partnership programs means:
• Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 3.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.
• Savings for partners and consumers of more than $75 on their energy bills.
• Private sector investment of more than $15.
• A net savings of more than $60.
ENERGY STAR
Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA helps U.S.
businesses and consumers save money and reduce GHG
emissions by labeling energy-efficient products, raising
the bar of energy efficiency in new home construction,
and encouraging superior energy management practices
in the commercial and industrial sectors. The methods
for estimating the benefits of each of these strategies are
described below.
Products
• Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR certfied are
determined as those above and beyond BAU purchases of
these products.17 These sales are estimated by:
• Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR
qualifying products from participating product
manufacturers as a condition of partnership and
supplementing these data with industry reports on
total annual product sales, as necessary. The data
are screened and issues resolved.
• Establishing BAU baselines for annual product sales
for each product category based on the benefit/cost
ratio for the product and a characterization of the
market barriers for the product. Any discrepancies
between annual product sales and stock accounting
are reconciled.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the difference in annual energy use between a
single ENERGY STAR product and a typically purchased
product. For these values, EPA:
• Assumes that ENERGY STAR certified products just
meet the ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there
are some products that exceed those levels.
• Assumes the typically purchased product meets
minimum efficiency standards where standards exist.
If standards do not exist, assumes the average energy
use of available products within a category prior to
the introduction of an ENERGY STAR specification.
EPA plans to review baseline assumptions for key
products in 2012.
• Supports primary data collection, such as product
metering to collect power use information, where
additional information is necessary to estimate
energy savings.
• Uses product-specific lifetimes that vary from 4 to 20
years.
Peak power savings are estimated using product-specific
factors that reflect the contribution of the annual energy
savings from a product to peak load savings.
• Net energy bill savings is the present value (PV) of
energy bill savings minus the PV of any incremental
cost of purchasing an ENERGY STAR certified product
above a standard model over the product lifetimes
discussed above.18 All energy bill calculations use
national sector specific fuel prices.
"For more details on many aspects of this method, see DNVKEMA 2012 and Weber et al. 2000.
w Calculated using a 7% discount rate and 2011 perspective.
54
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
TABLE 21. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions Since 2000
GH
PROGRAM ADDR
GS
ESSED KEYSECTOR(S)
Residential,
ENERGY STAR C02 Commercial,
Industrial
, , . „ Commercial,
Climate Leaders All
Industrial
SCOPE OF
PARTNERS
AS OF 2011
20,000
360
GHG REDUCTIONS* (MMTC02e)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
53.5 64.9 78.1 91.7 103.8 115.5 128.3 144.8 156.2 169.8 195.8 221.2
Climate Leaders' reductions are reflected in the data shown for
other programs.
State Climate and State
Energy Program 2 Government
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY1
State&Local
Green Power Government,
Partnership 2 Commercial,
Industrial
Combined „ . ,
Commercial,
Heat & Power CO, , . . '
„ , . Industrial
Partnership
METHANE PROGRAMS
1,300
400
Natural Gas
STAR CH4 Natural Gas —
Coalbed Methane
Outreach CH4 Coal Mining —
Program (CMOP)
Landfill Methane
Waste
Outreach CH.
,,.,__, Management
Program (LMOP)
1,010
— 2.2 3.7 7.3 11.7 13.6 17.6 22.4 23.8 26.4 29.6
15.0 17.6 20.9 22.0 29.0 37.0 37.4 37.4 46.5 35.2 40.4 29.5
7.7 8.4 6.2 6.2 7.3 7.3 9.0 8.1 8.3 8.9 9.9 10.1
7.9 11.0 13.5 13.8 14.4 14.9 15.7 18.2 19.0 20.5 22.4 24.3
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Voluntary
Aluminum Aluminum
Industrial Smelting
Partnership***
HFC-23 Chemical
• HrUS
Partnership Industry
Magnesium
Production,
Stewardship Semiconductor
Programs 6 Manufacturing,
Electric Power
Systems
Utility, Retail,
Responsible
. ,. ,,..„ Manufacturer,
Appliance MFCs
r, , ,n.r,i» State&Local
Disposal (RAD)
Government
GreenChill Supermarket
ri , . ** HrUS
Partnership Industry
99% of
industry
100% of
industry
50% -
100% of
industry
44
54
7.3 7.7 6.6 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.9 9.2 9.0 8.1 8.1 —
17.2 18.7 16.5 22.4 23.5 22.7 25.7 25.7 26.8 18.3 18.3 22.0
2.9 2.9 4.8 6.6 11.4 11.0 14.0 15.8 18.7 18.7 23.1 27.5
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3
1.5 1.8 2.2 2.4 4.1
' GHG Reductions are for both the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership
* These reductions reflect the most up-to-date data collected from EPA partners and may differ from reductions reported in previous annual reports.
** Does not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of 0.5-2.1 MMTC02e.
*** Reported data indicate no net emissions reductions from the partnership occured in 2011.
—: Not applicable
55
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
• Avoided emissions of GHGs for 2011 are determined using
marginal emissions factors for C02 equivalency based
on factors established as part of the U.S. government's
reporting process to the UN Framework Convention on
Climate Change, as well as historical emissions data from
EPA's eGRID database.19
New Homes
• EPA receives data quarterly from third-party verifiers
(home energy raters) on the number of homes they
verified to be ENERGY STAR, as a condition of program
partnership. These raters abide by a set of quality
assurance practices to ensure data quality. In addition,
EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves any
data irregularities.
• EPA recognizes that some new homes that qualify for
ENERGY STAR are not a direct result of the program and
that many homes built to ENERGY STAR levels due to
the program are not labeled or reported to the program.
Currently, EPA estimates the former number of homes to
be lower than the latter.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the energy savings from a home that meets the
ENERGY STAR specification relative to a home built to
code. Energy bill savings are calculated using a similar
approach as for products and average national energy
prices for the residential sector. The average lifetime of a
home for both energy and bill savings is 30 years.
• Peak power savings and avoided emissions of GHGs are
determined using approaches similar to those described
for products.
Commercial Buildings Sector
Annual electricity and natural gas savings for the commercial
buildings sector are estimated based on an updated, peer-
reviewed methodology in which econometric models of
state energy consumption are estimated.20 They control
for market factors such as energy prices, and non-market
factors such as increases in energy efficiency due to
ENERGY STAR products. Once the net change in national
energy consumption due to publicly-funded commercial
building energy efficiency programs is calculated, ENERGY
STAR accomplishments are differentiated from the
savings reported for other federal programs, demand-side
management and public benefits charge programs, and
building codes and standards initiatives.
Industrial Sector
Annual electricity, natural gas, and other fuels savings for the
industrial sector are estimated based on a newly-developed
methodology that is currently in the review process. It
involves an econometric analysis of manufacturing
industry electricity consumption and non-electricity energy
expenditures that controls for market factors, including
permanent shift in energy consumption trend and temporary
shock due to the recent business cycle, and non-market
factors such as public-program subsidized energy efficiency
capital investments.21 Once the net change in national energy
consumption due to publicly-funded energy efficiency
programs is calculated, ENERGY STAR accomplishments are
differentiated for other federal programs and demand-side
management and public benefits charge programs.
" For more details on eGRID, see U.S. EPA 20Ua.
"'For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2001,2007, and 2012a.
21 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz 2001,2007, and 2012b.
56
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DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS
THE CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership
The CHP Partnership dismantles the market barriers stifling
investment in environmentally beneficial CHP projects.
Program partners such as project owners voluntarily provide
project-specific information on newly operational CHP
projects to EPA. These data are screened and any
issues resolved.
Energy savings are determined on a project-by-project
basis, based on fuel type, system capacity, and operational
profile. Estimates of the use of fossil and renewable fuels are
developed, as well as the efficiency of thermal and electrical
use or generation, as appropriate.
Emissions reductions are calculated on a project-by-
project basis to reflect the greater efficiency of onsite CHP.
Avoided emissions of GHGs from more efficient energy
generation are determined using marginal emissions factors
derived for energy efficiency similar to other programs, and
displaced emissions from boiler-produced thermal energy
are developed through engineering estimates. In addition,
emissions reductions may include avoided transmission and
distribution losses, as appropriate.
Only the emissions reductions from projects that meet the
assistance criteria for the program are included in the
program benefit estimates. EPA also addresses the
potential for double counting benefits between this and
other partnerships by having program staff meet annually to
identify and resolve any overlap issues.
Green Power Partnership
The Green Power Partnership boosts supply of clean energy
by helping U.S. organizations purchase electricity from
eligible renewable generation sources. As a condition of
partnership, program partners submit data annually on their
purchases of qualifying green power products. These data
are screened and any issues resolved.
Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using marginal
emissions factors for C02 similar to other programs.
The potential for double counting, such as counting
green power purchases that may be required as part of a
renewable portfolio standard or may rely on resources that
are already part of the system mix, is addressed through a
partnership requirement that green power purchases be
incremental to what is already required.
EPA estimates that the vast majority of the green power
purchases made by program partners are due to the
partnership, as partners comply with aggressive green
power procurement requirements (usually at incremental
cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates that
its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green power market
have likely led to additional voluntary green power purchases
that have not been reported through the program.
THE METHANE PROGRAMS
EPA's methane programs facilitate recovering methane from
landfills, natural gas extraction systems, agriculture, and coal
mines, as well as using methane as a clean energy resource.
The expenditures used in the program analyses include the
capital costs agreed to by partners to bring projects into
compliance with program specifications and any additional
operating costs engendered by program participation.
Natural Gas STAR Program
As a condition of partnership, program partners submit
implementation plans to EPA describing the emissions
reduction practices they plan to implement and evaluate.
In addition, partners submit progress reports detailing
specific emissions reduction activities and accomplishments
each year.
EPA does not attribute all reported emissions reductions
to Natural Gas STAR. Partners may only include actions
that were undertaken voluntarily, not those reductions
attributable to compliance with existing regulations.
Emissions reductions are estimated by the partners either
from direct before-and-after measurements or by applying
peer-reviewed emissions reduction factors.
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
EPA maintains a comprehensive database of the operational
data on landfills and landfill gas energy projects in the
U.S. The data are updated frequently based on information
submitted by industry, the Landfill Methane Outreach
Program's (LMOP's) outreach efforts, and other sources.
Reductions of methane that are the result of compliance
with EPA's air regulations are not included in the program
estimates. In addition, only the emissions reductions from
projects that meet the LMOP assistance criteria are included
in the program benefit estimates.
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ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2011 Annual Report
EPA uses emissions factors that are appropriate to the
project. The factors are based on research, discussions with
experts in the landfill gas industry, and published references.
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
Through collaboration with the U.S. Mine Safety & Health
Administration, state oil and gas commissions, and the
mining companies themselves, EPA collects mine-specific
data annually and estimates the total methane emitted from
the mines and the quantity of gas recovered and used.
There are no regulatory requirements for recovering
and using CM M; such efforts are entirely voluntary. EPA
estimates CMM recovery attributable to its program activities
on a mine-specific basis, based on the program's interaction
with each mine.
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Due to the small pool of potential partners for the FGHG
programs, financial expenditures and savings are the
proprietary information of program partners and are not
included in the summary of economic benefits.
Voluntary Aluminum Industry Partnership
VAIP partners agree to report aluminum production and
anode effect frequency and duration in order to estimate
annual FGHG emissions.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to
a BAU baseline that uses the industry's 1990 emissions rate.
Changes in the emissions rate (per ton production) are used
to estimate the annual GHG emissions and reductions that
are a result of the program.
The aluminum industry began making significant efforts to
reduce FGHG emissions as a direct result of EPA's climate
partnership program. Therefore, all reductions achieved by
partners are assumed to be the result of the program.
HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program
Program partners report HCFC-22 production and HFC-23
emissions to a third party that aggregates the estimates and
submits the total estimates for the previous year to EPA.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to
a BAU baseline that uses the industry's 1990 emissions rate.
Changes in the emissions rate are used to estimate the annual
GHG emissions and reductions that are a consequence of
the program.
Subsequent to a series of meetings with EPA, industry began
making significant efforts to reduce HFC-23 emissions. All U.S.
producers participate in the program; therefore, all reductions
achieved by manufacturers are assumed to be the result of
the program.
Environmental Stewardship Programs
EPA's Environmental Stewardship Programs include the
FGHG Partnership for the Semiconductor Industry and the
SF6 Partnerships for Electric Power Systems and Magnesium
Industries. Partners report emissions and emissions
reductions based on jointly developed estimation methods
and reporting protocols. Data collection methods are sector
specific, and data are submitted to EPA either directly or
through a designated third party.
Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions
to a BAU baseline, using industry-wide or company-specific
emissions rates in a base year. The reductions in emissions
rates are used to calculate the overall GHG emissions
reductions from the program.
The share of the reductions attributable to EPA's programs
is identified based on a detailed review of program activities
and industry-specific information.
Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program
As a condition of partnership, RAD partners submit annual
data to EPA on their achievements. Submitted data includes
the number and type of appliances collected and processed
as well as the quantity and fate of the individual components.
GHG reductions are calculated by measuring the emissions
avoided by recovering refrigerant, foam blowing agents,
and recycling durable components in addition to the
energy savings from early appliance retirement from
utility programs.
GreenChill Partnership
Partner emissions reductions are calculated both year-
to-year and aggregate. Partners set annual refrigerant
emissions reduction goals and submit refrigerant
management plans to detail their reduction initiatives.
58
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List of Figures
FIGURE 1. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR Benefits Have More Than Tripled 4
FIGURE 2. U.S. C02 Emissions by Sector and Non-C02 Gases by Percent of Total GHGs 5
FIGURES. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type 6
FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 368 MMTC02e—Equivalent to Emissions From 72 Million Vehicles 6
FIGURE 5. About 3.8 Billion ENERGY STAR Certified Products Purchased Since 2000 13
FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States 16
FIGURE?. ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes Gaining Market Share 20
FIGURE 8. More Than 1.3 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Label 21
FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country 21
FIGURE 10. Nearly 16,500 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR 24
FIGURE 11. 2011 National Building Competition Progress Over Time 25
FIGURE 12. Cumulative Square Feet Benchmarked in Portfolio Manager 25
FIGURE 13. Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score by State 26
FIGURE 14. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners by Sector 31
FIGURE 15. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members 31
FIGURE 16. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs 32
FIGURE 17. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions 33
FIGURE 18. EPA Supports 50 Climate Showcase Communities 36
FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2020 39
FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions Reductions and Gas Savings 40
FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects 44
FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas (LFG) Energy Projects Across the Country 45
FIGURE 23. GHG Reductions From U.S.-Supported GMI Projects 46
FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012 48
59
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List of Tables
TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs 3
TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2011 (in Billions of 2011 Dollars and MMTC02e) 5
TABLES. Long-Term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCOe) 7
TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2011 9
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2011 11
TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners 12
TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress 14
TABLE 8. EPA Recognizes More Than 400 Organizations To Support Certification Program 17
TABLE 9. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With 176 Product Specifications and Revisions 18
TABLE 10. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy 28
TABLE 11. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants 29
TABLE 12. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators, 2004-2011 (Cumulative) 31
TABLETS. 2011 EPA Green Power Leadership Awards 33
TABLE 14. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share 35
TABLE 15. 2011 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards 35
TABLE 16. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals 40
TABLE 17. 2011 Natural Gas STAR Awards 41
TABLE 18. 2011 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards 45
TABLE 19. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric Lifetimes of GHGs 48
TABLE 20. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs 48
TABLE 21. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions
Since 2000 55
60
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References
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November 2012
61
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