United Stales
Environmental Protection
Healthcare Environmental Assistance Resources
Pollution Prevention and Compliance Assistance
for Healthcare Facilities
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United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-R-99-042
PB2000-101 882
February 2000
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA
Hotline Training Module
Introduction to:
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
(40 CFR Part 266, Subpart H)
Updated October 1999
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DISCLAIMER
This document was developed by Booz-Allen& Hamilton Inc. under contract 68-W 0-0039 to EPA. It is intended to
be used as a training tool for Hotline specialists and does notrepresenta statement of EPA policy.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies.
This document is used only in the capacity of the Hotline training and is not used as a reference toolon Hotline calls.
The Hotline revises and updates this document as regulatory pro gram areas change.
The information in this docume ntmay not necessarily reflect the current position of the Agency. This document is
not intended and cannot be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party in
litigation with the United States.
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA Hotline Phone Numbers
National toll-free (outs ide of DC area) (800) 424-9346
Loca I num ber (with! n DC a rea) (703) 412-9810
National toll-free for the hearing impaired (TDD) (800) 553-7672
The Hotline is open from 9 am to 6 pm Eastern Time,
Monday through Friday, except for federal holidays.
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BOILERS AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACES
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 2
2.1 Applicability and Exemptions 2
2.2 Emissions Standards 5
2.3 Operating Requirements 10
2.4 Permit Process 11
2.5 Interim Status Facilities 13
2.6 Regulation of Residues 15
3. Regulatory Developments 17
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
The combustion of hazardous waste occurs for two general purposes. Some waste is
burned primarily to destroy it. This type of burning takes place in incinerators and was
discussed in a previous module. Other waste is burned for energy or materials
recovery. This occurs in a group of units collectively known as boilers and industrial
furnaces (BIFs). This module will provide an overview of the regulation of these units,
found in 40 CFR Part 266, Subpart H.
When EPA instituted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous
waste regulations in 1980, it chose only to regulate the combustion of hazardous waste
in destruction units. The Agency determined that further study was needed to
determine appropriate regulation for units that burn waste to recover energy or
materials. This distinction was consistent with the Agency's policy of encouraging all
types of legitimate recycling and reclamation.
However, the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 mandated
that EPA examine the risks posed by combustion activities and consider what controls
should be placed on the burning of hazardous waste for energy recovery. The first
phase of this occurred on November 29,1985, when EPA promulgated regulations
covering the burning of hazardous waste for energy recovery in BIFs under Part 266,
Subpart D (50 FR 49164). These standards were largely administrative, covering only
the management of the waste prior to burning and notification and recordkeeping. The
combustion devices themselves were not subject to technical performance or emissions
standards; nor were the facilities governed under the treatment, storage, and disposal
facility (TSDF) requirements.
The second phase in developing regulations for BIFs began with the February 21,1991,
Federal Register (56 FR 7134). This rule dramatically changed the requirements for
burning hazardous waste in boilers and industrial furnaces by subjecting BIFs to almost
all of the TSDF standards, including extensive emissions controls, waste analysis, and
permitting requirements. The regulations were expanded to cover more devices and
place some limitations on specialized units. Also, as a result of this final rule, Part 266,
Subpart D, was entirely removed and the regulations governing the burning of
hazardous waste in BIFs were codified in Part 266, Subpart H.
This module is designed to familiarize you with the regulations affecting hazardous
waste processed in BIFs. After completing this module, you should be able to
define boilers and industrial furnaces and describe the criteria associated with the
definitions. You should also be able to describe the requirements for processing
hazardous waste in BIFs, including the distinctions between permitted and interim
status units, and explain the requirements for the specially regulated BIF units.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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2 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
Of the 234 million tons of hazardous waste generated in the United States in 1993, three
and a half million tons were sent for combustion. About half of this was processed in
boilers and industrial furnaces. Boilers are normally used for energy recovery.
Hazardous waste fuels provide about fifty percent of a boiler's fuel requirements and
are normally mixed with natural gas or other fuels. There are around 900 boilers
operating in the United States ranging from very small boilers to huge utility class
boilers. Industrial furnaces, on the other hand, are usually involved in not only energy
recovery but also materials recovery. These units are normally commercial facilities
that handle the hazardous waste of others for a fee. There are less than fifty hazardous
waste-burning industrial furnaces currently operating in the country.
The following is a summary of the regulations affecting hazardous waste processed in
BIFs. These requirements include the general TSDF facility standards, extensive
emission control regulations, standards for the direct transfer of waste from a
transportation vehicle to a unit, and regulation of residues. Some units are subject to
special reduced requirements depending on the type of waste processed in the unit and
the unit's capacity. Because of the technical nature of these regulations, only an outline
of the requirements is provided here. For more detail concerning implementation of the
BIF regulations, see the February 21,1991, Federal Register (56 FR 7134).
2.1 APPLICABILITY AND EXEMPTIONS
There are two classes of units covered under the Part 266, Subpart H regulations —
boilers and industrial furnaces. EPA defines a boiler as an enclosed device that uses
controlled flame combustion to recover and export energy in the form of steam, heated
fluid, or heated gases. Boilers must have a combustion chamber and primary energy
recovery system of integral design to ensure the effectiveness of the unit's energy
recovery system and to maintain a thermal energy recovery efficiency of at least 60
percent. Finally, in order to meet EPA's definition of boiler the unit must export and
use at least 75 percent of the recovered energy off site (§260.10).
An industrial furnace is a unit that is an integral part of a manufacturing process and
uses thermal treatment to recover materials or energy. A list of the units that meet this
description is found in §260.10. At this time the following twelve devices are
considered to be industrial furnaces:
• Cement kiln • Lime kiln
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 3
• Aggregate kiln • Phosphate kiln
• Coke oven • Blast furnace
• Smelting, melting, and refining furnace • Titanium dioxide chloride
process oxidation reactor
• Methane reforming furnace • Halogen acid furnace
• Pulping liquor recovery furnace • Combustion device used in
the recovery of sulfur values
from spent sulfuric acid.
The Administrator may, after notice and comment, add other devices to the list of
industrial furnaces. In adding devices to the list of industrial furnaces, EPA will
consider factors related to the design and use of the unit.
EXEMPTIONS (§266.100(b)):
Not all units that meet the definition of boiler or industrial furnace are subject to the BIF
standards. The individual unit must first be evaluated against a number of exemptions
found in the applicability section of the regulations. For a variety of reasons, EPA
determined that the following units do not require stringent regulation under Part 266,
Subpart H:
• Units burning used oil for energy recovery under Part 279
• Units burning gas recovered from hazardous or solid waste landfills for
energy recovery
• Units burning hazardous wastes exempt from regulation under §§261.4 and
Units burning hazardous waste produced by conditionally exempt small
quantity generators regulated under §261.5
Coke ovens that burn only K087, decanter tank tar sludge from coking
operations.
CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT UNITS
In addition to these exemptions, there are three types of units that are conditionally
exempt from the regulations. These are metal recovery furnaces, precious metal
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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4 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
recovery units, and certain other special industrial units. In order to claim these
exemptions, owners/opera tors must provide a one-time written notice claiming the
exemption, conduct sampling and analysis, and maintain records to demonstrate
compliance with all applicable requirements. Any waste management prior to burning
in this type of unit, and any resulting residues, are subject to applicable hazardous
waste regulation.
Metals Recovery (§266.100(c)(2))
Owners/operators of smelting, melting, and refining furnaces that process hazardous
waste solely for metal recovery are conditionally exempt from regulation under this
subpart. The Agency has established three criteria to determine if hazardous waste is
being legitimately burned for metals recovery: (1) the heating value of the waste does
not exceed 5,000 Btu/lb (if so, the waste is considered to be burned for energy
recovery); (2) the concentration of Part 261, Appendix VIII, organic constituents does
not exceed 500 ppmw (if so, the waste is considered to be burned partially for
destruction); and (3) the waste must have demonstrated recoverable levels of metals
(§§266.100(c)(l)(i) and (c)(2)). Units which may be covered by this exemption include
pyrometallurgical devices such as cupolas, sintering machines, roasters, and foundry
furnaces, but do not include cement kilns or halogen acid furnaces.
Precious Metals Recovery (§266.100(f))
Metal recovery units engaged in precious metals recovery are also conditionally exempt
from Part 266, Subpart H. Precious metal recovery is defined as the reclamation of
economically significant amounts of gold, silver, platinum, paladium, irridium,
osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, or any combination of these metals (§266.70(a)).
Provided the owner/operator complies with the alternative requirements of §266.100(f),
the unit would be exempt from all BIF requirements except for the regulations in
§266.112 concerning the management of residues.
Special Industries (§266.100(c)(3))
Certain industrial units, such as secondary lead and nickel-chromium smelters and
mercury recovery furnaces, and other units that process wastes from metals recovery
normally do not meet the conditions necessary to be considered legitimately burned for
metals recovery. EPA revised the BIF standards to conditionally exclude those wastes
which are processed for metals recovery, but do not meet the criteria. Wastestreams in
these units must contain recoverable levels of metals and the waste must not contain
more than 500 ppm of the toxic organics listed in Part 261, Appendix VIII to be
considered for this conditional exemption.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 5
SMALL QUANTITY BURNERS (§266.108)
Owners/operators of facilities that burn small quantities of hazardous waste with a
heating value of greater than or equal to 5000 Btu/lb are also exempt from Part 266,
Subpart H. They must, however, comply with the quantity restrictions based on stack
height and the surrounding terrain. Also, the hazardous waste firing rate may not
exceed one percent of the total fuel requirements. These units are prohibited from
burning any waste that contains or is derived from dioxin-bearing wastes (i.e., F020,
F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027). Small quantity burners are required to notify EPA and
maintain facility records documenting compliance with these restrictions. Small
quantity burners are also exempt from the requirements in Parts 264/265, Subparts A
through L, and Part 270 with respect to the storage of mixtures of hazardous waste and
primary fuel, if the waste is stored in tanks that feed fuel directly into the burner
(§266.101(c)(2)).
2.2 EMISSIONS STANDARDS
BIFs are required to comply with strict air emissions standards to ensure adequate
protection of human health and the environment. These standards are divided into
four contaminant categories: organics, particulate matter, metals, and hydrogen
chloride (HC1) and chlorine (Cl2). For each category or type of emission, the regulations
establish compliance methods and alternatives. Each is addressed below.
Contaminant
Organics
Particulate Matter
Metals
Chlorine
Emission Standard
DRE and CO limits
180 mg/dscm
Tiered approach
Tiered approach
Regulatory Citation
§266.104
§266.105
§266.106
§266.107
ORGANICS (§266.104)
Burning hazardous waste that contains toxic organic compounds under poor
combustion conditions can result in substantial emissions of toxic compounds. This
includes both those compounds originally present in the waste, as well as the emission
of other compounds formed by the partial or incomplete combustion of the waste
constituents. These types of emissions can result in an array of adverse health effects,
including an increased lifetime cancer risk to humans. EPA controls organic emissions
from BIFs by implementing two types of organic emission performance standards. The
first requires the measurement of the unit's destruction and removal efficiency, and the
second limits the unit's output of products of incomplete combustion. Both of these
standards are discussed below.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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6 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
Destruction and Removal Efficiency (§266.104(a))
The primary measure of the BIF's organic emissions is its destruction and removal
efficiency (DRE). This is basically a measure of how efficiently the BIF is destroying
organics. Since it would be impossible to monitor the DRE results for every organic
constituent in the waste, certain principle organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) are
selected for this monitoring. These POHCs are selected based on their high
concentration in the waste stream and their difficulty to burn. If the BIF achieves the
required DRE for the POHCs, then it should be able to achieve the same, or better, DRE
for all other, easier to burn, organics in the waste stream. POHCs are designated in the
unit's trial burn plan and permit.
The BIF must achieve a DRE of 99.99 percent for each POHC in the hazardous waste
stream during the unit's compliance test, known as the trial burn. This means that for
every ten thousand molecules entering the unit, only one molecule of the POHC is
released to the atmosphere. In addition, due to an increased threat to human health
and the environment from dioxin, the required DRE for POHCs in dioxin-bearing
wastes has been established at 99.9999 percent, or one released molecule for every one
million burned. It is important to note that this DRE standard applies only to permitted
units.
Under certain conditions, a BIF owner/operator may obtain an exemption from the
DRE requirements when burning low-risk waste. Waste can be shown to be low risk if,
under a reasonable, worst-case scenario, emissions of organics and metals do not exceed
acceptable levels (§266.109(a)).
Products of Incomplete Combustion (§266.104(b)&(c))
Poor combustion conditions result in the release of a high concentration of organic
materials formed during the combustion process. These products of incomplete
combustion (PICs) may be present in the original waste stream or may be new
compounds that form during the thermal breakdown and subsequent recombination of
organic compounds. In order to control the emission of PICs, EPA places limits on
carbon monoxide (CO) emissions or, if necessary, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from the
unit. The presence of carbon monoxide is an indicator of incomplete combustion.
Therefore, a high level of carbon monoxide in emissions is an indicator of incomplete
combustion and thus, an indication of a high release of PICs. The BIF owner/operator
has a choice of two options to meet this CO emission standard. They may meet a CO
emission standard of 100 ppmv (parts per million by volume), with no limits on HC
emissions, or they may meet an HC limit of 20 ppmv, with CO emission limits based on
levels demonstrated during the unit's trial burn.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 7
OPTION ONE
OPTION TWO
CO Concentration
100 ppmv
Determined in trial burn
HC Concentration
No limit
20 ppmv
Historically, there was an alternative, site-specific HC limit for furnaces with high
amounts of organic matter in their raw materials. However, this alternative was
vacated by a federal appeals court in a 1994 decision. The controls were declared
legally obsolete in the June 29,1995, Federal Register and removed from the regulations
(60 FR 33912).
PARTICULATE MATTER (§266.105)
The second emission EPA regulates is particulate matter. Particulate matter consists of
small dust-like particles emitted from BIFs. Although the particles themselves may
cause adverse health effects (e.g., increased asthma), they also provide a point of
attachment for toxic metals and organic compounds. The particulates may become
caught in the lungs or be absorbed into the environment. To minimize these adverse
conditions, EPA set an emission limit of 180 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter
(dscm). BIFs that qualify for the low-risk waste exemption mentioned above, however,
are not subject to the particulate matter standard (§266.109(b)).
METALS (§266.106)
The third aspect of the emissions standards involves limits on metals. Metals regulated
under the BIF standards are categorized as either noncarcinogenic (i.e., antimony,
barium, lead, mercury, silver, and thallium) or carcinogenic (i.e., arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, and beryllium). The owner/operator can determine the allowable feed or
emission rate for each regulated metal by selecting any one of three approaches, called
tiers. Each tier differs in the amount of monitoring, and in some cases, modeling, the
owner/operator is required to do.
Figure 1: Continuum of Tiers and Monitoring
TIER 1 TIER 2 TIER 3
NO LOTS OF
MONITORING MONITORING
Factors that may be considered in selecting a tier include the physical characteristics of
the facility and surrounding terrain, the anticipated waste compositions and feed rates,
and the level of resources available for conducting the analysis. The main distinction
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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8 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
between the Tiers is the focal point. This is the point at which the owner/operator must
ensure that the metal concentration of their waste will be below EPA's acceptable
exposure levels for that constituent.
Figure 2: Focal Point of Tiers
TIER
TIER
TIER I
Tier I
The focal point of Tier I is the waste feed. This tier limits the hourly feed rate of
individual metals into the combustion device. These limits have been developed by
EPA and can be found in Part 266, Appendix I. EPA established these feed rate limits
by considering flue gas flows, stack height, terrain and land use in the vicinity of the
facility. EPA determined acceptable air quality levels for each type of metal as a
function of terrain, stack height, and land use in the vicinity of the facility. This value is
also the waste feed rate, as Tier I assumes that 100 percent of the metals that are fed into
the unit will be released into the atmosphere.
Tier II
The focal point of Tier II is the stack. This Tier limits the emissions of individual metals
from the stack. As with Tier I, emission limits have been pre-determined by the Agency
by considering a number of different factors (i.e., stack height, terrain, and surrounding
land use) and are found in Part 266, Appendix I. Tier II differs from Tier I, however, in
that owners/operators are able to conduct emission testing to take credit for reduced
metal emissions achieved either by the partitioning of pollutants to bottom ash or
products, or by removal of the pollutants though the facility's air pollution control
device. By conducting tests to determine how much of the metals fed into the BIF are
emitted through the stack, owners/operators using Tier II can conceivably increase the
amount of metals in the waste feed by accounting for waste partitioning and pollution
control activities.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - '
Tier III
The focal point of Tier III is the surrounding environment. Tier III limits must be set
such that the metals will not adversely affect the ambient air quality. It allows the
owner/operator to use site-specific factors to back calculate from the ambient levels to
determine the unit's waste feed. Tier III standards are implemented in the same way as
Tier II, by placing emission limits on metals, but unlike Tiers I and II, there are no pre-
determined levels established by EPA. Instead, the facility owner/operator determines
emission levels by testing emission rates for each individual metal using air dispersion
modeling techniques to predict maximum ground level metal concentrations that will
not adversely affect human health and the environment, and by demonstrating that
ambient air levels will not be exceeded.
Adjusted Tier I (§266.106(e))
A BIF owner/operator may choose to adjust the feed rate limits that have been
established in Appendix I by combining some of the aspects of Tier I and Tier III. This
alternative is implemented in the same way as the Tier I standards, by regulating feed
rates into the BIF, but allows for limits that are more relevant to a given facility. As
with the Tier III methodology, owners/operators may back-calculate maximum
allowable emission rates for their facility from acceptable ambient air levels (found in
Appendices IV and V) using site-specific air dispersion modeling. These emission limits
then become the adjusted feed rate limits for that facility.
Alternative Implementation (§266.106(f))
Owners/operators are also allowed to use a combination of the Tier II and Tier III
methodologies. Under this approach, rather than monitoring metal feed rates, a BIF
would monitor the emission rates contingent upon approval from the Regional waste
management director.
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND CHLORINE GAS (§266.107)
The final emission standard under the BIF regulations limits the unit's output of
hydrogen chloride (HC1) and chlorine gas (Cl2). These compounds combine with water
in the air to form acid rain. They are also a known cause of human respiratory
problems. The emission controls are implemented in the same way as the metal
emissions, using the tiered approach. The owner/opera tor has a choice of three tiers
with varying focal points. For a more detailed discussion of EPA's tiered approach, see
above. The Tier I and Tier II screening levels for waste feed and stack emission limits
are located in Part 266, Appendix II and III.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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10 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
2.3 OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
Operating requirements for BIFs are determined on a site-specific basis, and serve as
day-to-day requirements that the facility must follow in order to ensure compliance
with the emissions standards set by the regulations. The BIF regulations do not specify
precise operating requirements that all units must follow; rather, units must establish
operating standards that allow them to meet the emission standards in the regulations.
In addition to the general operating standards discussed below the BIF may establish
operating standards for feed rate, combustion temperature, flue gas temperature,
contaminant concentrations in stack gases, and other conditions as determined
necessary.
MANAGEMENT PRIOR TO BURNING (§266.101)
The management of hazardous waste prior to burning in a BIF is subject to all
applicable RCRA regulations. Generators of hazardous waste are required to comply
with Part 262 regulations, while transporters of hazardous waste are subject to Part 263.
In addition, any storage prior to burning is subject to the hazardous waste storage
regulations in Parts 264/265 and the permitting requirements of Part 270 unless the unit
is a small quantity burner, as described above. This management requirement includes
storage activities conducted by the burner as well as any intermediaries.
TSDF STANDARDS (§266.102(a)(2))
Permitted BIFs are subject to all of the general TSDF standards including general
operating standards, preparedness and prevention, contingency plan, use of the
manifest system, closure and financial assurance, and corrective action. These
provisions are described in detail in other Training Modules.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ANALYSIS (§266.102(b))
The BIF owner/operator must perform a waste analysis to identify the type and
quantity of hazardous constituents that may be reasonably expected to be found in the
waste. This analysis must include all hazardous constituents found in Appendix VIII of
Part 261. The facility must provide an explanation for any constituents not included in
the analysis. In addition to the initial analysis, the owner/operator must conduct
periodic sampling and analysis to ensure that the hazardous waste is within the limits
of the facility's permit.
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (§266.102(e)(7))
The BIF must be operated such that emissions escaping from the combustion chamber
are minimized. The owner/opera tor has two options from which to choose: (1)
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 11
maintain a negative pressure in the combustion zone so that air is pulled into the unit
rather than escaping into the atmosphere and (2) totally seal the combustion chamber so
that no emissions can escape to the environment.
DIRECT TRANSFER (§266.111)
Facilities that transfer hazardous waste directly from a transport vehicle (e.g., a tanker
truck) to the BIF without first storing the waste must comply with special requirements.
Generally, direct transfer operations must be managed in a manner similar to that
required by the regulations for hazardous waste storage tanks and containers. In
addition, the direct transfer equipment must have a secondary containment system, the
owner/operator must visually inspect the operation at least once every hour, and the
facility must keep records of these inspections.
GENERAL STANDARDS (§266.102(e)(7)-(ll))
In addition to the standards described above, the BIF owner/operator must fulfill
requirements for establishing an automatic waste feed cutoff system. The facility must
also conduct inspection and monitoring, maintain certain records, and close in
accordance with given regulations.
2.4 PERMIT PROCESS (§270.66)
An owner/operator wishing to operate a new hazardous waste BIF is required to obtain
a RCRA permit before beginning construction of the unit. The purpose of this permit is
to allow the new BIF to establish operating conditions that will ensure adequate
protection of human health and the environment. The BIF permit process consists of
four operational phases: pre-trial burn, trial burn, post-trial burn, and final operating
conditions.
PRE-TRIAL BURN
The pre-trial burn phase of the permit allows the BIF to achieve the state of operational
readiness necessary to conduct the trial burn. The pre-trial burn permit conditions are
effective for the minimum time (not to exceed 720 hours) required to bring the BIF to a
point of operational readiness to conduct a trial burn. This phase is often referred to as
the shakedown period.
TRIAL BURN
The trial burn can be seen as the "test drive" of the BIF. It is the time when the
owner/operator will bring the unit up to operational readiness, monitor the key
operating conditions, and measure the emissions. These conditions are based on the
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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12 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
operating conditions proposed by the permit applicant in the trial burn plan submitted
to EPA for evaluation. EPA establishes conditions in the permit necessary to conduct
an effective trial burn, meaning that the burn will be representational of the BIF's
intended day-to-day operation and will yield meaningful data for analysis.
POST-TRIAL BURN
The post-trial burn period is the time for EPA to evaluate all of the data that was
recorded during the BIF's trial burn. To allow the operation of a hazardous waste BIF
following the completion of the trial burn, EPA establishes permit conditions sufficient
to ensure that the unit will meet the BIF performance standards. This post-trial burn
period is limited to the minimum time required to complete the sampling, analysis, data
computation of trial burn results, and the submission of these results to EPA.
FINAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
After reviewing the results of the trial burn, EPA will modify the permit conditions
again as necessary to ensure that the operating conditions of the BIF are sufficient to
ensure compliance with BIF standards and protection of human health and the
environment. Owners/operators of BIFs must comply with the final permit conditions
for the duration of the permit, or until the permit is modified. The unit must be
managed in accordance with all of the operating conditions described in the permit and
established by the trial burn (§266.102(d)(l)).
DATA IN LIEU OF TRIAL BURN
While most BIFs must undergo a trial burn, it is possible for a facility to submit
extensive information in lieu of the trial burn. EPA believes that most combustion units
will need to conduct trial burns in order to develop operating conditions that ensure
compliance with the performance standards. Data submitted in lieu of the trial burn,
therefore, must originate from a unit with a virtually identical design that will burn
wastes under virtually identical conditions (located at the same facility).
OMNIBUS AUTHORITY (§270.32(b)(2))
The omnibus provision allows the Regional Administrator or state to incorporate into a
permit any provision deemed necessary to protect human health and the environment.
Specifically, this allows EPA to incorporate additional terms or conditions not found in
the regulations, if site-specific circumstances dictate this result. Under the 1994 Strategy
for Hazardous Waste Minimization and Combustion, EPA directed the states and
Regions to conduct site-specific risk assessments (incorporating direct and indirect
exposures) into a combustion unit's permit using this omnibus authority. These risk
assessments can be conducted by either the implementing agency or the facility (subject
to agency oversight) during the permitting process.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 13
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
On December 11,1995, EPA published a final rule expanding the role of public
participation in the RCRA permitting process (60 FR 63417). This rule affects boilers
and industrial furnaces by increasing the extent of public participation during the trial
burn process. Specifically, the permitting agency is required to issue a public notice
prior to approving a facility's trial burn plan and must announce the commencement
and completion dates for all trial burns. The proposed public participation rule (59 FR
28680; June 2,1994) also included some changes to the procedural requirements for
permitting interim status facilities. These changes, however, were not finalized because
of pending technical revisions to the hazardous waste combustor standards. See the
Regulatory Developments section of this module for a discussion of these revisions.
2.5 INTERIM STATUS FACILITIES
As of now only one BIF permit has been issued in the country. On August 15,1996, in a
joint effort between Region VII and the Kansas Department of Health, a permit was
issued to a cement kiln at the Ash Grove Cement Company in Chanute, KS. Therefore,
most BIFs are currently operating under interim status.
EPA estimated that of the 1,000 BIFs burning hazardous waste prior to the 1991 final
rule, only 150 would apply for interim status and eventually seek final RCRA permits.
There are currently approximately 130 facilities that have one or more hazardous waste-
burning boilers or industrial furnaces.
To qualify for interim status, the facility must have been in existence on or before
August 21,1991, and must have submitted a Part A permit application by this date. If
the facility already had a permit for another activity, owners/operators must have
submitted a permit modification under §270.42. If the facility was already operating
under interim status for another activity, then it was required to comply with the
requirements for changes under interim status described in §270.72.
Until EPA calls in the facility's Part B permit application, where precise permit
conditions will be established through a trial burn, owners/operators of interim status
BIFs must ensure compliance with emission standards (§§266.105 - 266.107) by showing
certification of precompliance and certification of compliance. As the deadlines for
these certifications have already passed all interim status BIFs, except for possible
extenuating circumstances, should be in the compliance stage.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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14 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
CERTIFICATION OF PRECOMPLIANCE (§266.103(b))
In order to certify precompliance, the owner/operator established operating conditions
under which the BIF would meet emissions standards. These operating conditions
must have included feed rates of hazardous waste, metals, chlorine and chloride, and
ash. The operating conditions should have been documented in a certification of
precompliance, submitted by August 21,1991. Prior to submitting this certification of
compliance, interim status owners/operators were not allowed to feed hazardous waste
with a heating value of less than 5000 Btu/lb into a boiler or industrial furnace. By
requiring burners to demonstrate that a waste's heating value is greater than or equal to
5,000 Btu/lb, the Agency was able to ensure a high enough temperature and long
enough residence time in the boiler to destroy hazardous constituents at a rate which is
protective of human health and the environment.
CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE (§266.103(c))
Owners/operators that were required to submit a certification of precompliance must
have conducted compliance testing to verify the operating conditions on or before
August 21,1992. Within 90 days after compliance testing, the owner/operator must
have submitted a certification of compliance containing operating conditions based on
the results of the testing. The certification included a description of any changes that
had taken place since precompliance, as well as the test data and results of quality
assurance and quality control work. Throughout the remainder of interim status, the
BIF is required to comply with the operating limits contained in this certification.
As mentioned above, interim status BIFs must be operated much in the same way as
those facilities with permits. As with permitted BIFs, owners/operators of interim
status BIFs must comply with all applicable TSDF regulations in Part 265. In addition,
because interim status facilities have not yet conducted trial burns to ensure compliance
with the standards, EPA has placed some restrictions on their use and what types of
hazardous waste these facilities may burn. These restrictions are discussed below.
PROHIBITION ON BURNING DIOXIN-CONTAINING WASTE (§266.103(a)(3))
A BIF operating under interim status may not burn dioxin-containing hazardous wastes
(F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027) or any material derived from one of these
wastes. As an exception to this prohibition, interim status BIFs may burn F032 waste
(even though it is listed for the presence of dioxin) because the Agency does not
consider it "acutely toxic."
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERIM STATUS FURNACES
Interim status furnaces are required to comply with all of the performance standards
with the exception of the DRE. In addition, EPA established special interim status
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 15
requirements for industrial furnaces to ensure adequate combustion of hazardous waste
until more stringent, permitted conditions could be established through completion of
the facility's trial burn. These conditions include minimum temperatures, assurance of
adequate oxygen, and continuous hydrocarbon monitoring (§266.103(a)(5)).
These requirements do not apply to a furnace that burns hazardous waste solely as an
ingredient. The requirements also do not apply to any furnace that feeds the hazardous
waste into the hot end of the furnace, where products are normally discharged and
fuels are normally fired.
2.6 REGULATION OF RESIDUES (§266.112)
Under the traditional hazardous waste regulations, the derived-from rule requires that
anything derived from the treatment, storage, or disposal of a hazardous waste is, itself,
a hazardous waste (§261.3(c)(2)). Thus, any residue generated from the burning of
hazardous waste in a BIF would normally be considered a hazardous waste under
RCRA and would need to be handled in accordance with Subtitle C regulation. The
Bevill Amendments, however, provide three statutory exclusions from the definition of
hazardous waste for certain residues: residues from the burning of coal and fossil fuels
(§261.4(b)(4)); cement kiln dust (§261.4(b)(8)); and residues from the processing of
certain mining wastes (§261.4(b)(7)). Some question has arisen as to whether these
exemptions should apply to residues that are produced when both hazardous waste
and fossil fuels are burned. EPA has ruled that the exemptions may stand if the co-
burning does not significantly affect the character of the waste residues.
The regulations retain the Bevill exclusion for residues from certain BIFs as long as the
burning or processing of the hazardous waste does not significantly affect the character
of the residue. These BIFs include:
• Boilers burning primarily coal (i.e., at least 50 percent coal)
• Industrial furnaces processing primarily normal ores or minerals (i.e., at least 50
percent normal nonhazardous raw materials)
• Cement kilns processing primarily normal raw materials (i.e., at least 50 percent
normal raw materials).
To determine whether the character of a residue has been significantly affected by the
burning or processing of hazardous waste, and thus whether the Bevill exemption can
be claimed, one of two criteria must be met. As long as the residue meets either criteria,
it will qualify for the Bevill exclusion.
The first criteria compares the hazardous waste residues to waste residues that would
be found if the BIF were not burning hazardous waste at all. A statistical test, found in
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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16 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
Appendix IX of Part 266, describes methods that should be used when comparing the
waste-derived residues to these baseline levels to determine whether the character of
the residue has been significantly affected.
The second criteria compares the concentrations of toxic constituents found in the
waste-derived residue to health-based constituent limits found in Appendix VII of Part
266. In response to a 1993 petition, however, EPA replaced the health-based limits for
nonmetal constituents with the LDR standards listed under F039 (58 FR 59598;
November 9,1993).
Provided the residues meet these standards, they would not be regulated as hazardous
waste. If results from either part of this test indicate that the character of the residue
has not been significantly altered, the BIF residue qualifies for the Bevill exemption.
Figure 3 describes this process:
Figure 3: Regulation of Residue from BIFs
Is the residue from the
burning of:
•coal
•ores and minerals
•cement-producing
raw materials?
YES
Was the waste
at least 50%
non-hazardous
raw material?
1
YES
Is the residue
similar to normal,
non-HW, residue?
OR
Are toxic
constituent levels in
the residue below
F039 levels?
I
T
YES
Residue is exempt
from HW regulation
NO
1
NO
Residue is
subject to HW
regulation
NO
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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Boilers and Industrial Furnaces - 17
3. REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
On April 19,1996, EPA published a proposed rule, called the "MACT" rule (maximum
achievable control technology), under the joint authority of RCRA and the Clean Air
Act (CAA), to upgrade the emission standards for hazardous waste combustors (61 FR
17358). Specifically, this rule will affect incinerators, cement kilns, and lightweight
aggregate kilns. It proposes emissions standards for dioxins, furans, mercury,
cadmium, lead, particulate matter, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and several low-volatile metals. EPA plans to address boilers and other
industrial furnaces in a future rulemaking. This rule fulfills EPA's commitment to
upgrade emissions standards as stated in its 1994 Strategy for Hazardous Waste
Minimization and Combustion.
On June 19,1998, EPA finalized the first phase of the MACT rule (63 FR 33782). This
final rule includes the comparable fuels exclusion and amendments to the permit
modification procedures for combustion facilities. EPA expects to finalize the
remainder of the April 19,1996 proposal in early 1999.
EPA expects that many combustion facilities currently operating under RCRA permits
will need to modify their permits in order to comply with the upcoming MACT
emissions standards. The current permit modification procedures are time consuming
and may hinder facilities from meeting the three-year compliance deadline established
by the CAA. To facilitate meeting the deadline, EPA revised the RCRA permit
modification procedures to explicitly address changes to a facility's design or
operations that are necessary to comply with the MACT standards (63 FR 33782, 33801;
June 19,1998). EPA designated such changes as Class 1 modifications that require prior
Agency approval (see Permits and Interim Status module for further discussion of
permit modifications). EPA also incorporated a time default of 90 days, with a possible
one-time 30-day extension, for the permitting agency to make a decision about the
requested modification. If the agency fails to make a decision within the default time
frame, the permittee may consider the request approved. In authorized states, owners
and operators of facilities subject to the MACT standards will only be able to take
advantage of the revised permit modification procedures if the state has become
authorized for the revised modification provisions (see State Programs module for
further discussion of state authorization).
Interim status combustion facilities subject to the MACT standards will also have to
meet the three-year deadline. Interim status facilities are allowed to implement certain
facility changes if the changes do not amount to reconstruction (see Permits and Interim
Status module for further discussion of reconstruction). To ensure that the
reconstruction clause does not present an obstacle for interim status facilities trying to
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
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18 - Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
implement changes to meet the new MACT emissions levels, EPA exempted changes
necessary to comply with the MACT standards from the reconstruction limit.
NOTICE OF INTENT TO COMPLY
EPA carefully considered public participation when promulgating the streamlined
permit modification procedures. In order to provide for public involvement early in a
source's compliance planning process, EPA requires owners and operators of
combustion facilities subject to the MACT standards to submit a Notification of Intent to
Comply (NIC) within one year of promulgation of the final standards indicating
whether the source intends to come into compliance with the new standards (63 FR
33782, 33806; June 19,1998). In addition to submitting the NIC, EPA requires covered
facilities to provide notice of and host an informal meeting with the community to
discuss plans for complying with the MACT standards and to submit a progress report
within two years of promulgation of the final standards which demonstrates progress
made toward meeting the emissions standards.
WASTE MINIMIZATION AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
The CAA compliance deadline may cause companies to install simple end-of-pipe
emissions controls, instead of pollution prevention process changes. In order to limit
this practice and encourage waste minimization, EPA allows owners and operators of
combustion facilities to request a one-year extension to the MACT compliance period in
cases where additional time is needed to install pollution prevention and waste
minimization measures that reduce the amount of hazardous waste entering
combustion feedstreams (63 FR 33782, 33816; June 19,1998). Requests for a one-year
extension must reasonably document that the waste minimization measures could not
be installed in time to meet the three-year compliance period. Decisions to grant the
extensions will be made by EPA or authorized state programs.
The rule proposes emissions standards for dioxins, furans, mercury, cadmium, lead,
particulate matter, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and
several low volatile metals. It also proposes a new comparable fuels exclusion, and
makes significant changes to the existing combustion regulations.
EPA intends to finalize this proposal in two parts. The first part, expected in late 1997
or early 1998, is likely to include the comparable fuels exemption and the permit
modification amendments. The second part, expected later in 1998, will finalize the
remaining issues from the April 19,1996 proposal.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Hotline training purposes.
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-K-02-017I
October 2001
&EPA
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA
Call Center Training Module
Introduction to:
RCRA Corrective Action
Updated October 2001
-------
DISCLAIMER
This document was developed by Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. under contract 68-W-01-020 to EPA.
It is intended to be used as a training tool for Call Center specialists and does not represent a
statement of EPA policy.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA s
regulations or policies. This document is used only in the capacity of the Call Center training and
is not used as a reference tool on Call Center calls. The Call Center revises and updates this
document as regulatory program areas change.
The information in this document may not necessarily reflect the current position of the Agency.
This document is not intended and cannot be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or
procedural, enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States.
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA Call Center Phone Numbers:
National toll-free (outside of DC area) (800) 424-9346
Local number (within DC area) (703) 412-9810
National toll-free for the hearing impaired (TDD) (800) 553-7672
The Call Center is open from 9 am to 5 pm Eastern Time,
Monday through Friday, except for federal holidays.
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RCRA CORRECTIVE ACTION
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Program History 2
3. Corrective Action Program Reforms 3
3.1 Regulatory Flexibility for Cleanups 3
3.2 Environmental Indicators 4
3.3 Job Development and Training 5
4. The Traditional Corrective Action Process 6
5. Corrective Action Implementation 10
6. Status of CAMUs 11
7. Coordination of Cleanup Programs 12
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RCRA Corrective Action - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
This training module discusses the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) corrective
action program. The corrective action program is a cleanup program designed to ensure the
remediation of hazardous releases and contamination associated with RCRA-regulated facilities.
Currently, EPA believes that there are approximately 6,400 facilities in need of corrective action.
Of these, approximately 3,600 facilities have corrective action already underway or will be
required to implement corrective action as part of the process to obtain a RCRA permit. EPA
mandates corrective action at facilities primarily through permits and orders issued under the
authority provided by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984.
Rather than promulgating regulations with rigid steps for how to conduct corrective action, EPA
has chosen to develop guidance and policy documents that emphasize results rather than process.
Currently, EPA is implementing a set of administrative reforms that are designed to achieve
faster, more efficient cleanups at RCRA corrective action sites. This module describes the
current statutory and regulatory structure of the program and discusses the status of the RCRA
Cleanup Reforms.
When you have completed this training module you will understand the purpose and application
of the corrective action program. Specifically, you will be able to:
• List the statutory and regulatory authorities for corrective action and explain their
application
• Describe how EPA is currently implementing the corrective action program and identify
significant components of the RCRA Cleanup Reforms
• Understand the steps in the traditional corrective action process
• Describe the various regulatory provisions that allow for flexibility in the management of
remediation wastes
Use this list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you complete the training
session.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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2 - RCRA Corrective Action
2. PROGRAM HISTORY
EPA and authorized states have made considerable progress in implementing the corrective
action requirements. Originally, the RCRA statute provided limited authority requiring cleanup
at hazardous waste facilities. Only releases that presented imminent and substantial
endangerment to human health and the environment or that originated from regulated units such
as landfills and surface impoundments were subject to cleanup requirements. In 1984, HSWA
added specific corrective action authorities to the RCRA statute, which authorized EPA to
promulgate facility-wide corrective action provisions.
In 1990, EPA proposed a comprehensive, systematic approach to corrective action, which
included detailed regulations to govern the technical (e.g., cleanup levels, site characterization)
and procedural (e.g., definitions, permitting, oversight) elements for implementing the program
(55 FR 30798; July 27, 1990). However, EPA finalized only a few sections of the proposal.
After reevaluating the proposal and the implementation of the corrective action program, EPA
published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking in 1996 (61 FR 19432; May 1, 1996). The
advance notice opened a dialogue with the regulated community on ways to make the corrective
action process shorter, cost-effective and less compartmentalized, while continuing to be
protective of human health and the environment. EPA intended the advance notice to be used as
guidance for implementing the corrective action program. As a result of significant public
comment from stakeholders, EPA formally withdrew the 1990 proposal (64 FR 54604; October
7, 1999).
Currently, EPA is implementing a set of administrative reforms, known as the RCRA Cleanup
Reforms, to the RCRA corrective action program. The reforms are designated to achieve faster,
more efficient cleanups at RCRA sites that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste and have
potential environmental contamination.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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RCRA Corrective Action - 3
3. CORRECTIVE ACTION PROGRAM REFORMS
The RCRA Corrective Action program addresses cleanup of existing contamination at industrial
facilities, most of which are currently operating. Congress, EPA, state agencies, and the general
public believe the progress of RCRA cleanups should be improved. Moreover, the 1993
Governmental Performance Results Act (GPRA) required federal agencies, to devise a system to
measure the effectiveness and progress of its regulations. These factors led EPA to analyze and
advance the performance of the RCRA corrective action program.
EPA identified several factors that inhibit the efficiency and timeliness of the cleanup process.
In some instances, cleanups have suffered from an emphasis on process steps, instead of process
goals. An additional impediment to the cleanup process is the nature of the RCRA regulations
themselves. RCRA regulations were set up to prevent environmental contamination by ensuring
that waste is properly managed during its life cycle. The stringency of RCRA requirements often
acts as a disincentive at contaminated sites, impeding the cleanup progress.
The RCRA reforms seek to reduce these hindrances by allowing more flexibility during the
cleanup process. EPA has reformed the corrective action program by: addressing specific
disincentives through regulatory changes; focusing on near-term goals; and stressing results-
based approaches, instead of a process-based scheme.
3.1 REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY FOR CLEANUPS
Cleaning up RCRA facilities under the corrective action program may involve the management
of large amounts of waste such as contaminated soils, water, debris, and sludges which contain a
listed waste or exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste. Such remediation wastes that are
managed for the purpose of implementing corrective action requirements are generally subject to
the same management standards as newly generated RCRA hazardous waste, including
treatment, storage, and disposal facility standards and land disposal restrictions (LDR). These
management standards are sometimes counterproductive when applied to cleanups because they
may unnecessarily slow the corrective action process and increase the cost of corrective action
without providing a concomitant level of protection of human health and the environment.
In order to mitigate the impact of these management standards on the corrective action program,
EPA has implemented several regulatory changes that emphasize flexibility, including; (1) use of
alternative permits at remediation waste management sites (2) alternative land disposal
restrictions (LDR) for contaminated soils (3) special standards for remediation waste
management units.
Remediation waste management sites are those facilities that would require a permit only to
treat, store, or dispose of remediation waste generated from facility cleanup. The process of
obtaining a permit can be time consuming and expensive, and may not be the most efficient way
to conduct the cleanup activity. Therefore, the Agency promulgated a modified version of a
permit, the remedial action plan (RAP) (63 FR 65874; November 30, 1998). Unlike the
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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4 - RCRA Corrective Action
traditional RCRA permit, the RAP is tailored to the needs of the remediation waste management
site, and the permit application process is more streamlined (40 CFR Part 270, Subpart H).
Contaminated soil refers to soil that contains a listed hazardous waste or exhibits a hazardous
waste characteristic. The LDR treatment standards for industrial wastes may be unachievable or
inappropriate for contaminated soil due to particularities associated with the soil matrix and
counterproductive in a remediation context. For these reasons, in 1998, EPA established
alternative LDR treatment standards for contaminated soil (63 FR 28556; May 26, 1998). The
alternative standards require that concentrations of hazardous constituents subject to treatment be
reduced by 90 percent with a treatment cap for any given constituent of 10 times its universal
treatment standard (268.49).
EPA also provided options for increased cleanup flexibility by establishing three remediation
waste management units: temporary units (TUs), corrective action management units (CAMUs),
and staging piles. Each of these units may be used at facilities to manage remediation waste on
site, or within contiguous property under the control of the owner and operator. Owners and
operators may not, however, use the units to manage as-generated process waste, to manage
waste generated off-site, nor can the units themselves be used at off-site facilities. Although the
units require some form of a permit, the owner and operator do not need to conduct facility-wide
corrective action. The owner and operator may choose the unit that most appropriately fulfills
the needs of the cleanup. Additionally, an area of contamination (AOC) can be equated to a
RCRA land-based unit for purposes of cleanup.
The following table illustrates these types of units:
Type of Unit
Staging Pile
^64.554)
CAMU
£264.552)
Temporary Unit
£264.553)
Area of Contamination
Unit Structure
Pile
Designated Area or Unit
within a facility
Tank or Container Storage
Area
Land-based Area of
Contamination
Time Limit
2 years plus one 180-day
extension period
None
1 year plus extension
period
None
Management Activities
Storage
Treatment, Storage, and/or
Disposal
Treatment and/or Storage
Storage, In- Situ
Treatment, Disposal
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Although the ultimate goal of the RCRA corrective action program is to achieve final cleanups,
EPA assesses progress of the program using environmental indicators (Els). Els are measures
being used to go beyond programmatic activity measures (e.g., reports received and approved) to
track changes in the quality of the environment. There are two corrective action Els, Current
Human Exposures Under Control (also known as CA725) and Migration of Contaminated
Groundwater Under Control (CA750). These environmental indicators are designated to aid
facility decision makers by clearly showing where risk reduction is necessary, thereby helping
regulators and facility owner/operators reach agreement earlier on stabilization measures or
cleanup remedies that must be implemented.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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RCRA Corrective Action - 5
These Els are used to summarize and report on the site-wide environmental conditions at the
1,714 corrective action facilities that warrant attention in the near term (i.e., those on the RCRA
Cleanup Basline). Thus, they are being used as a mechanism to track the RCRA program s
progress on getting the priority contaminated sites under control and report to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB), U.S. Congress, and the public. The goals set by EPA under
GPRA are that by 2005, states and EPA will verify and document that 95 percent of the RCRA
Cleanup Baseline facilities will have current human exposure levels under control, and 70
percent of these facilities will have migration of contaminated groundwater under control.
3.3 RCRA CLEANUP REFORMS
In addition, EPA has decided to focus on writing policy documents and guidance on corrective
action, and to develop a set of targeted administrative reforms. These reforms, also known as the
RCRA Cleanup Reforms, are EPA s comprehensive effort to remove obstacles to efficient
cleanups, maximize program flexibility, and initiate progress toward a set of ambitious national
cleanup goals.
In July 1999, EPA announced that first set of RCRA Cleanup Reforms. Specifically, these
RCRA Cleanup Reforms will:
• Provide new results-oriented cleanup guidance with clear objectives
• Foster maximum use of program flexibility and practical approaches through training,
outreach, and new uses of enforcement tools
• Enhance community involvement including greater public access to information on
cleanup progress
In January 2001, EPA announced a second set of RCRA Cleanup Reforms. The RCRA Cleanup
Reforms of 2001 highlight those activities that EPA believes would best accelerate program
progress and foster creative solutions. These reforms reflect the ideas EPA heard from program
implementors and stakeholders and introduce new initiatives to reinforce to reinforce and build
upon the 1999 Reforms. Specifically, the 2001 Reforms will:
• Pilot innovative approaches
• Accelerate changes in culture
• Connect communities to cleanups
• Capitalize on redevelopment potential
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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6 - RCRA Corrective Action
4. THE TRADITIONAL CORRECTIVE ACTION PROCESS
During corrective action at a facility, EPA typically evaluates and documents the nature and
extent of contamination, identifies the physical and geographic characteristics of the facility, and
identifies, develops, and implements appropriate corrective measures. The conditions at
contaminated sites vary significantly, making it difficult to adhere to one rigid process.
Consequently, the corrective action process is designated to be flexible; and the Agency will use
only those portions of the process that are appropriate at a given site. While EPA no longer
emphasizes the original corrective action process, this section of the module discusses the
corrective action steps familiar to the regulated community.
The original corrective action process of investigations and remedy selection and implementation
generally comprises six activities (Figure 1). These activities are not always undertaken as a
linear progression towards final facility cleanup, but can be implemented flexibility to most
effectively meet site-specific corrective action needs. These activities are not dictated by the
regulations but are used by EPA in guidance documents relevant to corrective action. These six
activities are:
• RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA) identifies potential or actual releases from SWMUs
• National Corrective Action Prioritization System (NCAPS) Ranking prioritizes the
cleanup of the site relative to other sites
• Interim/Stabilization Measures implements measures to achieve high-priority, short-
term remediation needs
• RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) compiles information to fully characterize the
release
• Corrective Measures Study (CMS) identifies appropriate measures to address the
release
• Corrective Measures Implementation (CMI) designs and implements the remedy.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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RCRA Corrective Action - 7
Figure 1
TRADITIONAL CORRECTIVE ACTION PROCESS
PERFORMED BY:
RCRA
Facility Assessment
(RFA)
EPA
* Interim / stabilization measures
NCAPS Prioritization
RCRA
Facility Investigation
(RFI)
Owner/Operator
(with EPA Oversight)
""Interim / stabilization measures
Corrective Measure
Study
(CMS)
Owner/Operator
(EPA Performs Oversight
and
Selects Alternative)
Statement of Basis
Corrective Measure
Implementation
(CMI)
Owner/Operator
(with EPA Oversight)
* stabilization evaluations may occur after an RFA or after an RFI, and interim/stabilization measures may be taken
throughout the corrective action process.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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8 - RCRA Corrective Action
RCRA FACILITY ASSESSMENT
Often the first activity in the original corrective action process is the RFA. The objective of the
RFA is to identify potential and actual releases from SWMUs and make preliminary
determination about releases, the need for corrective action, and interim measures. The RFA is
conducted by the regulatory agency and generally occurs prior to permit issuance. If the facility
is in interim status and is not seeking a permit, the RFA may take place before the facility closes.
The RFA begins with a file review of information about the facility. The regulatory agency may
then conduct a visual site inspection to confirm available information on SWMUs and to note
any visual evidence of releases. Finally, a sampling visit may be performed to confirm or
disprove suspected releases before an RFI is conducted.
NATIONAL CORRECTIVE ACTION PRIORITIZATION SYSTEM
It is EPA s policy to address the greatest corrective action needs first. Therefore, after initially
assessing a site, EPA usually ranks the site s relative environmental cleanup priority and uses
that ranking to allocate EPA resources. EPA uses NCAPS to rank and compare sites in the
corrective action process. NCAPs is a computer-based ranking system that considers a variety of
environmental factors in assessing the priority of sites. Environmental factors considered in the
prioritization include types and volumes of wastes present, contaminant release pathways, and
the potential for human and ecosystem exposure to contaminants. NCAPS generated a high,
medium, or low ranking for each facility. The ranking is based on an evaluation of four
pathways of actual or potential contamination (groundwater, surface water, air, and soils) and
nationally established criteria for defining high, medium, and low. The information needed to
assess a site by applying this system is usually obtained from the RFA and other available
information, such as that from permit applications.
INTERIM/STABILIZATION MEASURES
Contaminated sites often present serious and immediate hazards which EPA must address
quickly during the corrective action process. This process is called stabilization. The actions
used to achieve the goal of stabilization are called interim measures or interim/stabilization
measures. Interim/stabilization measures are short-term actions taken to respond to immediate
threats to human health or prevent damage or contaminant migration to the environment. EPA
evaluates the need and feasibility of interim/stabilization measures by conducting a stabilization
evaluation. EPA may perform the stabilization evaluation after an RFA or after an RFI. Interim
or stabilization measures may be taken at any time in the corrective action process and should be
consistent with the final remedy.
RCRA FACILITY INVESTIGATION
Another activity in the corrective action process is the RFI. The RFI may take place when a
release has been identified and further investigation is necessary. The purpose of the RFI is to
gather enough data to fully characterize the nature, extent, and rate of migration of contaminants
to determine the appropriate response action.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
-------
RCRA Corrective Action - 9
The investigation typically focuses on the specific units, releases, and exposure pathways
identified as problematic earlier in the process to avoid unnecessary and unproductive
investigations. Permitees may be required to submit a plan for conducting an RFL, which will be
overseen by the implementing agency.
CORRECTIVE MEASURES STUDY
After the RFI is completed, and the regulatory agency determines based on available information
that cleanup is necessary, the regulatory agency may request the owner and operator to conduct a
CMS. The purpose of the CMS is to identify and evaluate cleanup alternatives for releases at the
facility. The owner and operator identifies the appropriate corrective measures to address the
threats posed by the releases, including measures to control the source of contamination and
actions to abate problems caused by migration of contaminants from the source. The
recommended measures are reviewed by EPA or the state and EPA selects the best remedy given
site-specific considerations. EPA may request additional information or additional alternatives
throughout this process. When a remedy is selected, the facility s permit is modified to include
the remedy and a schedule of compliance. At that time the remedy is subject to public review
and comment. In certain cases, a formal CMS may not be necessary; for example, when the
remedy will clearly involve excavation or removal and other alternatives need not be considered.
STATEMENT OF BASIS
In addition to the permit modification EPA may also publish a statement of basis. This
document describes the basis for EPA s remedy selection and an explanation for the cleanup
levels chosen, and provides the public with an opportunity to comment on the remedy.
CORRECTIVE MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION
Once the implementing agency has selected a remedy, the facility enters the CMI phase of
corrective action. During the CMI, the owner and operator of the facility implement the chosen
remedy. This phase includes design, construction, maintenance, and monitoring of the chosen
remedy, all of which are performed by the facility owner and operator with Agency oversight. A
remedy may be implemented through a phased approach. Phases could consist of any logically
connected set of actions performed sequentially over time or concurrently at different parts of a
site. For example, if groundwater contamination is currently extending beyond the facility
boundary it may be most important to address this problem first and address the larger
remediation areas after the plume is under control.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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10 - RCRA Corrective Action
5. CORRECTIVE ACTION IMPLEMENTATION
EPA implements the corrective action program principally through permits and orders issued
under statutory authorities established by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
(HSWA). Prior to HSWA, EPA's authority to compel remediation of RCRA facilities was
limited to:
• Section 3004(a) — required EPA to promulgate regulations establishing standards for
hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs); EPA promulgated
regulations pursuant to this statutory authority that requires cleanup of certain releases
from hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal units.
• Section 3013 — authorizes EPA to order monitoring, testing, analysis, and reporting of
information for facilities that may present a substantial hazard to human health or the
environment.
• Section 7003 — authorizes EPA to order cleanups of situations that may present an
imminent and substantial endangerment to human health and the environment.
HSWA added statutory provisions to RCRA that gave EPA substantial authority to develop a
broader corrective action program than previously existed; however, the pre-HSWA authorities
are still available for use where appropriate. Corrective action provisions added to RCRA
include:
• Section 3008(h) — authorizes EPA to order corrective action, as necessary to protect
human health and the environment, at interim status facilities.
• Section 3004(u) — requires facilities seeking a RCRA permit to conduct corrective action
as necessary for solid waste management units; if corrective action cannot be finished
before permit issuance, permit may contain corrective action schedules of compliance
(promulgated in the regulations at/264.101).
• Section 3004(v) — requires corrective action through permit requirements for releases
migrating beyond the facility boundary (promulgated in the regulations at/264.101).
• Section 3005(c)(3) — requires that permits contain all conditions EPA or the state
determines is necessary to protect human health and the environment. This provision is
often referred to as EPA's "omnibus" authority and has been used, for example, to require
corrective action at "areas of concern" (AOCs).
EPA expects that the states will be the primary implementers of the corrective action program.
Currently, 38 states have received authorization for RCRA corrective action and use their won
statutory and regulatory authorities to implement the program. Additional states are also in the
process of receiving corrective action authorization.
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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RCRA Corrective Action - 11
6. STATUS OF CAMUs
On February 16, 1993, EPA finalized the CAMU rule (58 FR 8658). The CAMU rule grants
flexibility for implementing agencies to craft site-specific design, operating and closure/post-
closure requirements for on-site units used for storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous
wastes and contaminated media that are managed during cleanup. Importantly, use of a CAMU
does not trigger LDRs or MTRs (minimum technological requirements). Instead, the
implementing agency will determine specific treatment standards and technical standards for
individual CAMUs.
Although the CAMU rule was supported by industry, environmental groups challenged its
provisions three months after its promulgation. Their central concern was the CAMU's
exception from LDRs and MTRs. In the 1996 proposed HWIR-Media rule, EPA
comprehensively addressed remediation waste management. In that notice, EPA proposed to
withdraw the 1993 CAMU rule, thus court action was stayed pending the final HWIR-Media
rule. However, when EPA published the final HWIR-Media rule they decided to retain the
CAMU provisions, thus the litigation continued.
In response to a court settlement, EPA issued a proposal to the CAMU rule on August 22, 2000.
The proposal amends several components of the original CAMU rule. It clarifies the type of
waste that can be managed in CAMUs, thus better distinguishing between as-generated wastes
versus cleanup wastes. Existing CAMUs must have caps, and new CAMUs must meet minimum
liner requirements. Wastes that contain "principal hazardous constituents" must meet minimum
treatment standards or site-specific alternatives. Importantly, the proposal includes provisions
for "grandfathering" existing CAMUs, and units that have started the approval process..
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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12 - RCRA Corrective Action
7. COORDINATION OF CLEANUP PROGRAMS
There are many instances where a contaminated hazardous waste site can be cleanup up under
different regulatory programs. For example, there may be RCRA, CERCLA, or other state/tribal
cleanup programs that EPA can use to address contamination. The Agency prefers to address
such contaminated sites under a single program, but often individual program requirements
prevent complete deferral. In instances where complete deferral form one program to another is
not appropriate, EPA emphasizes coordination of cleanup programs in order to avoid duplication
of efforts and second-guessing of remedial decisions.
There are other instances where deferral from one regulatory cleanup program to another is
appropriate. Because the RCRA corrective action process and the CERCLA remedial response
process are very similar programs and follow roughly parallel procedures in responding to
releases of contaminants (Figure 2), it may be more appropriate to address a site under RCRA
rather than CERCLA (or vice versa). For example, where a contaminated site is an active
RCRA-permitted facility, the Agency may decide that deferral to RCRA (instead of using
CERCLA authorities) is most appropriate to accomplish cleanup of the site.
The Agency's position has been that a site that can be addressed by RCRA Subtitle C corrective
action should be deferred from placement on the National Priorities List (NPL) unless it falls
within certain exceptions, such as:
• The inability or unwillingness of the owner and operator to pay for addressing the
contamination at the site
• Inadequate financial responsibility guarantees to pay for such costs
• EPA or state priorities for addressing RCRA sites would defer prompt action and delay
could result in further significant contamination.
The NPL Deferral/Deletion policy also applies to federal facilities (62 FR62523; November 24,
1997).
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
-------
RCRA Corrective Action - 13
Figure 2
Comparison of RCRA Corrective Action and CERCLA Remedial Processes*
ESTIMATED
DURATION
OF TASKS
RCRA
vs.
CERCLA
3
IV^
i
12
IV^
1
6
N-^
1
MORE
(
Mo^
6
iTHS
F
24
iTHS
9
iTHS
THAN
iTHS
RCRA FACILITY
ASSESSMENT
(RFA)
i
r
RCRA FACILITY
INVESTIGATION
(RFI)
i
r
CORRECTIVE
MEASURES
STUDY
(CMS)
i
r
CORRECTIVE
MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
(CMI)
PRELIMINARY
ASSESSMENT/
SITE INVESTIGATION
(PA/SI)
Identify releases needing
further investigation
REMEDIAL
INVESTIGATION
(RI)
Characterize nature,
extent, and rate of
contaminant releases
FEASIBILITY
STUDY
(FS)
Evaluate/select remedy
REMEDIAL DESIGN/
REMEDIAL ACTION
(RD/RA)
Design and
implementation of
chosen remedy
"Interim Measures may be performed at any point in the corrective action process
The information in this document is no by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance
(2224A)
EPA-305-B-98-009
December 1998
Protocol for Conducting
Environmental Compliance
Audits under the
Comprehensive
Environmental Response,
Compensation, and
Liability Act
EPA Office of Compliance
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Notice
This document has been developed to assist in conducting environmental audits. The use of this document should
be restricted to environmental audits only. For example, areas such as safety, transportation, occupational health,
and fire protection are mentioned solely for clarification purposes. It is a summary of environmental regulations
under CERCLA, but it is not a substitute for a comprehensive knowledge of the regulations themselves. Any
variation between applicable regulations and the summaries contained in this guidance document are unintentional,
and, in the case of such variations, the requirements of the regulations govern.
This document is intended solely as guidance to explain performance objectives for environmental auditors.
Following the steps set forth in this guidance generally should result in compliance with those aspects of the
regulations that it covers. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not make any guarantee or
assume any liability with respect to the use of any information or recommendations contained in this document.
Regulated entities requiring additional information or advice should consult a qualified professional.
This guidance does not constitute rulemaking by the EPA and may not be relied on to create a substantive or
procedural right or benefit enforceable, at law or in equity, by any person. EPA may take action at variance with
this guidance and its internal procedures.
Acknowledgments
EPA would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction
Engineering Research Laboratories (CERL) for their assistance in providing suggestions for the overall format of
this document.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Table of Contents
Notice inside cover
Acknowledgments inside cover
Section I: Introduction
Background ii
EPA's Policy on Environmental Audits ii
Purpose of the Protocols for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits iii
How to Use This Protocol iv
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations v
Section II: Audit Protocol
Applicability 1
Federal Legislation 1
State and Local Regulations 1
Key Compliance Requirements 1
Key Terms and Definitions 4
Typical Records to Review 8
Typical Physical Features to Inspect 8
Index for Checklist Users 8
Checklist 9
Appendices
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under CERCLA
and EPCRA Al
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Section I:
Introduction
Background
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for ensuring that businesses and organizations comply with
federal laws that protect the public health and the environment. Recently, EPA has begun combining traditional
enforcement activities with more innovative compliance approaches. In its Strategic Plan, the Agency recognizes the
need to assist the regulated community by providing compliance assistance and guidance that will promote improved
compliance and overall environmental performance (see Exhibit 1). EPA encourages regulated entities to recognize
compliance as the floor, rather than the ceiling, of environmental performance by internalizing and implementing sound
environmental practices. As part of that effort, EPA is encouraging the development of self-assessment programs at
individual facilities. Voluntary audit programs play an important role in helping companies meet their obligation to
comply with environmental requirements. Such assessments can be a critical link, not only to improved compliance,
but also to improvements in other aspects of an organization's performance. For example, environmental audits may
identify pollution prevention opportunities that can substantially reduce an organization's operating costs.
Over the years, EPA has encouraged regulated entities to initiate environmental audit programs that support and
document compliance with environmental regulations. EPA has developed this audit protocol to provide regulated
entities with specific guidance in periodically evaluating their compliance with federal environmental requirements.
Exhibit 1 - EPA's Credible Deterrent Goal
Within its Strategic Plan, EPA has established a goal to ensure full compliance with the laws intended to protect human
health and the environment. Within the framework of this goal, EPA's objectives are as follows:
• Identify and reduce significant non-compliance in high priority program areas, while maintaining a strong
enforcement presence in all regulatory program areas,
• Promote the regulated communities' voluntary compliance with environmental requirements through compliance
incentives and assistance programs.
EPA's Policy on Environmental Audits
In 1986, in an effort to encourage the use of environmental auditing, EPA published its "Environmental Auditing Policy
Statement" (see 51 FR 25004). The 1986 audit policy states that "it is EPA policy to encourage the use of
environmental auditing by regulated industries to help achieve and maintain compliance with environmental laws and
regulation, as well as to help identify and correct unregulated environmental hazards." In addition, EPA defined
environmental auditing as "a systematic, documented, periodic, and objective review of facility operations and practices
related to meeting environmental requirements." The policy also identified several objectives for environmental audits:
»• verifying compliance with environmental requirements,
*• evaluating the effectiveness of in-place environmental management systems, and
»• assessing risks from regulated and unregulated materials and practices.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Exhibit 2 - EPA's 1995 Audit Policy
Under the final Audit/Self Policing Policy, EPA will not seek gravity-based penalties and will not recommend
criminal prosecutions for companies that meet the requirements of the Policy. Gravity-based penalties represent
the "seriousness" or punitive portion of penalties over and above the portion representing the economic gain from
non-compliance. The policy requires companies:
• to promptly disclose and correct violations,
• to prevent recurrence of the violation, and
• to remedy environmental harm
The policy excludes:
• repeated violations,
• violations that result in serious actual harm, and
• violations that may present an imminent and substantial endangerment
Corporations remain criminally liable for violations resulting from conscious disregard of their legal duties, and
individuals remain liable for criminal wrongdoing. EPA retains discretion to recover the economic benefit gained
as a result of noncompliance, so that companies will not be able to obtain an economic advantage over their
competitors by delaying investment in compliance. Where violations are discovered by means other than
environmental audits or due diligence efforts, but are promptly disclosed and expeditiously corrected, EPA will
reduce gravity-based penalties by 75% provided that all of the other conditions of the policy are met.
As a result of EPA's new audit policy, through March 1998, 247 companies have disclosed environmental
violations at more than 760 facilities and EPA has reduced or waived penalties for 89 companies and 433 facilities.
The final Audit/Serf-Policing Policy was published in the Federal Register on December 22, 1995 (60 FR 66706).
It took effect on January 22, 1996. For further information, contact the Audit Policy Docket at (202) 260-7548 or
call (202) 564-4187.
In 1995, EPA published "Incentives for Serf-Policing: Discovery, Disclosure, Correction and Prevention of Violations"
which both reaffirmed and expanded its 1986 audit policy. The 1995 audit policy offers major incentives for entities to
discover, disclose and correct environmental violations. Under the 1995 policy, EPA will not seek gravity-based
penalties or recommend criminal charges be brought for violations that are discovered through an "environmental
audit" (as defined in the 1986 audit policy) or a management system reflecting "due diligence" and that are promptly
disclosed and corrected, provided that other important safeguards are met (see Exhibit 2). These safeguards protect
health and the environment by precluding policy relief for violations that cause serious environmental harm or may
have presented an imminent and substantial endangerment, for example.
Purpose of the Protocols for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits
This protocol, which is part of a set containing other area or statutory specific audit protocols, is a tool to assist you in
conducting environmental audits, which should inform you whether your facility is in compliance with federal
regulations. EPA has developed these audit protocols to assist and encourage businesses and organizations to perform
environmental audits and disclose violations in accordance with EPA's audit policy. The audit protocols are intended to
promote consistency among regulated entities when conducting environmental audits and to ensure that audits are
conducted in a thorough and comprehensive manner.
Each protocol provides guidance on key requirements, defines regulatory terms, and gives an overview of the federal
laws affecting a particular environmental management area. It also includes a checklist containing detailed procedures
for conducting a review of facility conditions. In order to use these documents effectively, you should be familiar with
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
basic environmental auditing practices and the relevant environmental regulations under Title 40 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR). The audit protocols are not intended to be exclusive or limiting with respect to procedures that may
be followed. EPA recognizes that other audit approaches and techniques may be effective in identifying and evaluating
a facility's environmental status and in formulating recommendations to correct observed deficiencies.
These protocols can be used as a basis to implement, upgrade, or benchmark environmental management activities.
The protocols are a management tool for measuring and improving environmental performance by correcting
deficiencies uncovered by the audit (see Exhibit 3). This process is perhaps the key element to a high quality
environmental management program and will function best when an organization identifies the "root causes" of each
audit finding. Root causes are those breakdowns in management oversight, information exchange, and evaluation that
allow environmental problems to recur. Thus, while an organization may have developed an excellent record of dealing
with a symptom, such as spill response, the underlying problem or "root cause" has not been addressed. Furthermore,
identifying the root cause of an audit finding can mean identifying not only the failures that require correction but also
the successes. In each case a root cause analysis should uncover the failures while promoting the successes so that an
organization can make continual progress toward environmental excellence.
Exhibit 3 - Corrective Action Model
Analyze
Exceptions for
Cause/Effect
Improve
Environmental
Mgmt. System
Effectiveness
Develop Actions
to Correct
Underlying
Causes
Group Findings
for Common
Causes
Examine Each
Group for
Underlying
Causes
How to Use This Protocol
To conduct effective compliance audits, the auditor or audit team needs to possess sound working knowledge of the
operations and processes to be reviewed, the relevant regulations that apply to a given facility, and of acceptable
auditing practices. The audit protocol should be used as a planning tool to assist the auditor in understanding the
requirements for conducting a comprehensive audit. This document will provide the user with a generic audit approach
to identify regulatory issues that may require closer examination. Once the general issues are identified through the use
of this protocol, the auditor should perform a more detailed investigation to determine the specific area of
noncompliance to be corrected. The auditor should review federal, state and local environmental requirements and
annotate the protocol, as required, to include other applicable requirements not included in the protocol.
The auditor also should determine which regulatory agency has authority for implementing an environmental program
so that the proper set of regulations is consulted. State programs that implement federally mandated programs may
contain more stringent requirements. This protocol should not be used as a substitute for the applicable regulations.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
IV
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
The collective set of the audit protocols developed by EPA is designed to support a wide range of environmental
auditing needs; therefore several of the protocols in this set or sections of an individual protocol may not be applicable
to a particular facility. Each protocol is not intended to be an exhaustive set of procedures; rather it is meant to inform
the auditor, about the degree and quality of evaluation essential to a thorough environmental audit. EPA is aware that
other audit approaches may provide an effective means of identifying and assessing facility environmental status and in
developing corrective actions.
Each protocol contains the following information:
• List of acronyms and abbreviations used in the document,
• Applicability - provides guidance on the major activities and operations included in the protocol and a brief
description of how the protocol is applied,
• Review of federal legislation - identifies key issues associated with the subject protocol area,
• State and local regulations - identifies typical issues normally addressed in state and local regulations but does not
present individual state/local requirements,
• Key compliance requirements - summarizes the overall thrust of the regulations for that particular protocol,
• Key compliance definitions - defines important terms,
• Typical records to review - highlights documents, permits and other pertinent paperwork that should be reviewed
by an auditor and reconciled against regulatory requirements,
• Typical physical features to inspect - highlights pollution control equipment, manufacturing and process equipment
and other areas that should be visited and evaluated during an audit,
• Index for checklist users - outlines different areas of the checklist that may pertain to the facility being audited,
• Checklist - matches the regulatory requirements with the tasks that should be accomplished by the auditor,
• Appendices - supporting information for the checklist (e.g., regulatory deadlines, lists of contaminants, wastes, and
required testing procedures). Note: information contained in the appendices is dated and should be verified with a
current version of the applicable federal regulations.
The checklist delineates what should be evaluated during an audit. The left column states either a requirement
mandated by regulation or a good management practice that exceeds the requirements of the federal regulations. Good
management practices are distinguished from regulatory requirements in the checklist by the acronym (MP) and are
printed in italics. The regulatory citation is given in parentheses after the requirement. The right column gives
instructions to help conduct the evaluation. These instructions are performance objectives that should be accomplished
by the auditor. Some of the performance objectives may be simple documentation checks that take only a few minutes;
others may require a time-intensive physical inspection of a facility.
EPA is presently in the process of developing a series of audit protocol application guides to serve as companion
documents to the set of protocols. The application guides will provide the auditor with a matrix which identifies and
cross references certain site-specific activities or unit operations with particular environmental aspects of that activity.
For example, managing hazardous waste containers is a site-specific activity with environmental concerns, such as
possible releases to air, and water, that may require additional review through auditing. By using the application guide
the user can identify facility specific practices that require more in-depth review. In addition, the application guides
will also direct the user to specific protocols and sections (e.g., checklist items) of the protocol to determine areas that
are regulated and require auditing.
List of Acronyms
ACL Alternative concentration limit
ARAR Applicable or relevant and appropriate requirement
CAA Clean Air Act
CAS Chemical Abstract Service
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CERCLIS CERCLA Information System
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
CMS Corrective measures study
CRP Community relations plan
CWA Clean Water Act
EE/CA Engineering evaluation/cost analysis
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FS Feasibility study
MRS Hazard ranking system
MCL Maximum contaminant level
MCLG Maximum contaminant level goal
MP Management practice
NCP National Contingency Plan
NFRAP No further response action planned
NOV Notice of Violation
NPL National Priorities List
NRC National Response Center
O&M Operations and maintenance
OSC On-scene coordination
PA Preliminary assessment
PL Public law
PRP Potentially responsible party
QAPP Quality assurance project plan
RA Remedial action
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RD Remedial design
RD/RA Remedial design/remedial action
RFA RCRA facility assessment
RI Remedial investigation
RI/FS Remedial investigation/feasibility study
ROD Record of decision
RPM Remedial Project Manager
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SI Site inspection
SWMU Solid waste management units
TRI Toxic Release Inventory
U.S. United States
USC United States Code
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
VI
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Section II:
Audit Protocol
Applicability
This protocol addresses facilities where hazardous substances were released or pose a substantial threat of release. This
document does not include protocols for determining compliance with the Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to-Know Act (EPCRA). These requirements are contained in a separate EPA document, Protocol for Conducting
Compliance Audits under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPA-305-B-98-007). Specific
state regulations are not included in this protocol.
There are numerous environmental regulatory requirements administered by federal, state, and local governments.
Each level of government may have a major impact on areas at the facility that are subject to the audit. Therefore,
auditors are advised to review federal, state, and local regulations in order to perform a comprehensive audit.
Federal Legislation
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980
This act, Public Law (PL) 96-510 (42 U.S. Code (USC) 9601 et seq), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (PL 99-499) provides for liability, compensation, cleanup, and emergency
response for hazardous substances released into the environment and cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal
sites. CERCLA, commonly known as "Superfund," established a fund which was financed by hazardous substance
generators to financially support cleanup and response actions of abandoned hazardous waste sites when no financially
responsible party(ies) can be found. The taxing authority for replenishing the "Superfund" tax fund expired in
December 1995. Parties responsible for the contamination of hazardous waste sites are liable for all costs incurred in
the cleanup and remediation process. The EPA has generated and periodically updates a list of sites requiring cleanup
under CERCLA, known as the National Priorities List (NPL).
State and Local Regulations
In addition to the federal requirements mentioned in this document, many states have (or are in the process of
establishing) release reporting requirements and clean-up requirements that place additional responsibilities on facility
owners and operators and other potentially responsible parties. States and localities or states and municipalities may
establish release reporting requirements and other related legal obligations that are more stringent than those under
CERCLA. Therefore, regulated entities that are not subject to the requirements of CERCLA may be subject to state or
local regulations regarding release reporting and site evaluation and clean-up.
Key Compliance Requirements
Hazardous Substance Release Reporting
Under CERCLA Section 103, facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately if they
release hazardous substances in excess of or equal to reportable quantities. Facilities with continuous and stable
releases have limited notification requirements (40 CFR 302.1 through 302.6, and 302.8).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
National Contingency Plan
Section 104(a) of CERCLA requires that whenever there is a release or the substantial threat of a release of any
pollutant or contaminant to the environment or which may present an imminent and substantial danger to the public
health or welfare, the President is authorized to respond in a manner consistent with the National Contingency Plan
(NCP). The NCP outlines procedures and standards for the cleanup of releases and hazardous waste sites and
establishes the framework for site evaluations, remedial investigations/feasibility studies, remedy selection and design,
removal actions, community involvement, and administrative records. The NCP requires that the cleanup is to be
conducted by the "lead agency" (the definition of which is found in 40 CFR 300.5). Under the NCP, the lead agency is
responsible for conducting the following activities as they apply to the hazardous waste site's situation.
Site Evaluation
If a release has, may have occurred, or could potentially occur, the first requirement is a site evaluation, the goal of
which is to collect data and evaluate releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants to determine the
extent of the release and the release's impact to public health and the environment. Tthe regulations which outline the
requirements for a site evaluation are found in 40 CFR 300.420. A site evaluation consists of the following three
components:
• A preliminary assessment (PA), which is a review of existing site information and an off-site reconnaissance, if
appropriate, to determine if further investigations or response actions may be necessary;
• A site inspection (SI), which is an on-site investigation to determine whether a release has occurred, to identify the
preliminary public health and environmental threats associated with the release or potential release, and it includes,
as appropriate, both on- and off-site field sampling and analysis; and
• A review to determine if the site should be included on the NPL.
If it is determined that the site will need remediation actions, then the lead agency is required to conduct a remedial
investigation/feasibility study (or equivalent investigation, e.g., engineering evaluation/cost analysis (EE/CA)), unless
the release "may present an imminent and substantial danger to public health, welfare or the environment," in which
case the lead agency must mitigate the threat through a removal action, or oversee implementation of the removal action
by the potentially responsible party (PRP).
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
A remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) is intended to assess site conditions and evaluate remedial alternatives
to the extent necessary to select a site remedy. The regulations promulgated under CERCLA that apply to RI/FSs are in
40 CFR 300.430(a)-(e) and require that an RI/FS consist of the following four steps:
• Project scoping, which is a plan developed by the lead agency or PRP for conducting an RI/FS such that the detail
of analysis is appropriate to the complexity of the release site problems being addressed;
• A remedial investigation, which is the collection of the necessary field data to adequately characterize the release
site in order to assist in developing and evaluating remedial alternatives;
• A risk assessment which, as a component of the RI, characterizes potential threats to human health and the
environment that may be posed by site contaminants in the absence of site remediation; and
• A feasibility study, which is a study of potential remedial alternatives to address site risks.
Following the completion of the RI/FS, a report is prepared by the lead agency or PRP and a public comment period is
held on the proposed remedy (discussed further in 'Community Relations'). Then the lead agency selects a remedy and
the design process commences.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Remedial Selection and Design
The regulations related to the selection and design of a remedy are promulgated at 40 CFR 300.430(f) and describe the
required process. The lead agency must select, in conjunction with the lead regulatory agency, a preferred proposed
alternative for remediation which can be presented to the public (and state) for their review and comment. The public
comments must be considered and a response to comments prepared before the lead agency can issue a Record of
Decision (ROD). Upon receiving new information from the public or regulatory agencies, the lead agency should
reassess its initial remedial alternative determination. The public comments may prompt the lead agency to modify
aspects of their preferred alternative or cause the lead agency to select a different alternative. The lead agency and the
lead regulatory agency will make the final remedy selection decision and they will document that decision in the ROD
before remedial design/remedial action (RD/RA) commences.
Removal Actions
If at any point during the remediation process, a determination has been made that there is an imminent threat to public
health welfare, or the environment, the lead agency is required by CERCLA to take an appropriate removal action to
abate, prevent, minimize, stabilize, mitigate, or eliminate the release or threat of release. When the determination has
been made that a removal action is appropriate, 40 CFR 300.410 requires that the following steps be undertaken as
promptly as possible:
• A removal preliminary assessment which includes the collection or review of readily available information such as
site management practices, information from waste generator, document review, and facility interviews;
• A removal site inspection, if necessary, to gather information that was not obtained during the removal preliminary
assessment; and
• A removal action which is performed in response to a specific release.
The lead agency will have the latitude to respond as necessary to ensure the minimization of harm to public health,
welfare, or the environment.
Community Involvement
Section 117 of CERCLA requires (through 40 CFR 300.430 and 300.435) that the lead agency conduct various
community involvement activities throughout the inactive waste site evaluation process. The intention is to promote
active communication between communities affected by the release site and the PRP's response for implementing
remedial actions. Community involvement activities must be undertaken in the RI/FS, RD/RA, and removal actions
processes and may include interviewing community interest groups and developing a Community Relations Plan
(CRP). The CRP is designed to ensure that the public has been provided the appropriate opportunity to become
involved in site-related decision making, to identify the appropriate activities for ensuring such public involvement, and
to provide the appropriate opportunity for the community to learn about the release site.
Administrative Record
Section 133(k) of CERCLA requires the establishment and maintenance of an administrative record which contains all
documents pertaining to information used or potentially relied upon to select response actions, information on the
RI/FS and RD/RA processes, the ROD and all public comments received. There are specific requirements in CERCLA
that are promulgated at 40 CFR 300.800-300.805 which require the administrative record to be maintained at a central
location near the release site and that it must be easily accessible to community interest groups.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
For further information regarding the CERCLA regulations, contact U.S. EPA's Superfund, RCRA/UST, and
EPCRA Hotline at 800-424-9346 (or 703-412-9810 in the D.C. area) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday through
Friday.
This EPA hotline provides up-to-date information on regulations developed under CERCLA (Superfund),
RCRA and the Oil Pollution Act. The hotline can assist with Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) regulations. The hotline also responds to requests for
relevant documents and can direct the caller to additional tools that provide a more detailed discussion of
specific regulatory requirements.
Key Terms and Definitions
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs)
Those cleanup standards, standards of control, and other substantive requirements, criteria, or limitations promulgated
under federal environmental or state environmental or facility citing laws that, while not "applicable" to a hazardous
substance, pollutant, contaminant, remedial action, location, or other circumstance at a CERCLA site, address problems
or situations sufficiently similar to those encountered at the CERCLA site that their use is well suited to the particular
site. Only those state standards that are identified in a timely manner and are more stringent than federal requirements
may be relevant and appropriate (40 CFR 300.5).
CERCLA Information System (CERCLIS)
EPA's comprehensive database and management system that inventories and tracks releases addressed or needing to be
addressed by the Superfund program. CERCLIS contains the official inventory of CERCLA sites and supports EPA's
site planning and tracking functions. Sites that EPA decides do not warrant moving further in the site evaluation
process are given a "No Further Response Action Planned" (NFRAP) designation in CERCLIS. This means that no
additional federal steps under CERCLA will be taken at the site unless future information so warrants. NFRAP
designated sites are removed from the main CERCLIS database after completion of evaluations; however, information
pertaining to these sites are archived at the lead agency in order to document that these evaluations took place and to
preclude the possibility that evaluations be needlessly repeated. Inclusion of a specific site or area in the CERCLIS
database does not represent a determination of any party's liability, nor does it represent a finding that any response
action is necessary. Sites that are deleted from the NPL are not designated NFRAP sites. Deleted sites are listed in a
separate category in the CERCLIS database (40 CFR 300.5).
Community Involvement Coordinator
Lead agency staff who work with the On-Scene Coordinator/Remedial Project Manager (OSC/RPM) to involve and
inform the public about the Superfund process and response actions in accordance with the interactive community
involvement requirements set forth in the NCP (40 CFR 300.5).
Environment
As defined by section 101(8) of CERCLA, environment means the navigable waters, the waters of the contiguous zone,
and the ocean waters of which the natural resources are under the exclusive management authority of the United States
under the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act; and any other surface water, ground water, drinking
water supply, land surface or subsurface strata, or ambient air within the United States or under the jurisdiction of the
United States (40 CFR 300.5).
Facility
As defined by section 101(9) of CERCLA, facility means any building, structure, installation, equipment, pipe or
pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly owned treatment works), well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment,
ditch, landfill, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, aircraft, or any site or area, where a hazardous substance
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
has been deposited, stored, disposed of, placed, or otherwise come to be located; but does not include any consumer
product in consumer use or any vessel (40 CFR 300.5).
Feasibility Study (FS)
A study undertaken by the lead agency or PRP to develop and evaluate options for remedial action. The FS emphasizes
data analysis and is generally performed concurrently and in an interactive fashion with the RI, using data gathered
during the RI. The RI data are used to define the objectives of the response action, to develop remedial action
alternatives, and to undertake an initial screening and detailed analysis of the alternatives. The term also refers to a
report that describes the results of the study (40 CFR 300.5).
Hazard Ranking System (HRS)
The method used by EPA to evaluate the relative potential of hazardous substance releases to cause health or safety
problems, or ecological or environmental damage (40 CFR 300.5).
Hazardous Substance
As defined by section 101 (4) of CERCLA, any substance designated pursuant to section 311 (b)(2)(A) of the Clean
Water Act (CWA); any element, compound mixture, solution, or substance designated pursuant to section 102 of
CERCLA; any hazardous waste having the characteristics identified under or listed pursuant to section 3001 of the
Solid Waste Disposal Act (but not including any waste the regulation of which under the Solid Waste Disposal Act has
been suspended by Act of Congress); any toxic pollutant listed under section 307(a) of the CWA; any hazardous air
pollutant listed under section 112 of the Clean Air Act; and any imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture
with respect to which the EPA Administrator has taken action pursuant to section 7 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act. The term does not include petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof which is not otherwise
specifically listed or designated as a hazardous substance in the first sentence of this paragraph, and the term does not
include natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas usable for fuel (or mixtures of natural gas
and such synthetic gas (40 CFR 300.5).
Lead Agency
The federal or state agency that provides the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) or the responsible official for a CERCLA
response action.
Management Practice (MP)
Practices that, although not mandated by law, are encouraged to promote safe operating procedures.
National Priorities List (NPL)
The list, compiled by EPA pursuant to CERCLA section 105, of uncontrolled hazardous substance releases in the
United States that are priorities for long-term remedial evaluation and response (40 CFR 300.5).
Person
An individual, firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint venture, commercial entity, United States
government, state, municipality, commission, political subdivision of a state, or any interstate body (40 CFR 300.5 and
302.3).
Pollutant or Contaminant
As defined by section 101(33) of CERCLA, pollutant or contaminant includes, but is not limited to, any element,
substance, compound, or mixture, including disease-causing agents, which after release into the environment and upon
exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any organism, either directly from the environment or indirectly by
ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities,
cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical
deformations, in such organisms or their offspring. The term does not include petroleum, including crude oil or any
fraction thereof which is not otherwise specifically listed or designated as a hazardous substance under section
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
101(4)(A) through (F) of CERCLA, nor does it include natural gas of pipeline quality (or mixtures of natural gas and
such synthetic gas). For purposes of the NCP, the term pollutant or contaminant means any pollutant or contaminant
that may present an imminent and substantial danger to public health or welfare (40 CFR 300.5).
Preliminary Assessment (PA)
Review of existing information and an off-site reconnaissance, if appropriate, to determine if a release may require
additional investigation or action. A PA may include an on-site reconnaissance, if appropriate (40 CFR 300.5).
Release
As defined by section 101(22) of CERCLA, release means any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment (including the abandonment or
discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing any hazardous substance or pollutant or
contaminant). It excludes any release which results in exposure to persons solely within a workplace, with respect to a
claim which such persons may assert against the employer of such persons; emissions from the engine exhaust of a
motor vehicle, rolling stock, aircraft, vessel, or pipeline pumping station engine; release of source byproduct, or special
nuclear material from a nuclear incident, as those terms are defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, if such release is
subject to requirements with respect to financial protection established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under
section 170 of such Act, or, for the purposes of section 104 of CERCLA or any other response action, any release of
source, byproduct, or special nuclear materials from any processing site designated under section 102(a)(l) or 302(a) of
the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978; and the normal application of fertilizer. For purposes of the
NCP, release also means threat of release (40 CFR 300.5 and 302.3).
Remedial Design (RD)
The technical analysis and procedures which follow the selection of remedy for a site and result in a detailed set of
plans and specifications for implementation of the remedial actions (40 CFR 300.5).
Remedial Investigation (RI)
A process undertaken by the lead agency to determine the nature and extent of the problem presented by the release.
The RI emphasizes data collection and site characterization and is generally performed concurrently and in an
interactive fashion with the feasibility study. The RI includes sampling and monitoring, as necessary, and includes the
gathering of sufficient information to determine the necessity for remedial action and to support the evaluation of
remedial alternatives (40 CFR 300.5).
Remedy or Remedial Action (RA)
Those actions consistent with permanent remedy taken instead of, or in addition to, removal actions in the event of a
release or threatened release of a hazardous substance into the environment, to prevent or minimize the release of
hazardous substances so that they do not migrate to cause substantial danger to present or future public health or
welfare or the environment. The term includes, but is not limited to, such actions at the location of the release as
storage; confinement; perimeter protection using dikes, trenches, or ditches; clay cover; neutralization; cleanup of
released hazardous substances and associated contaminated materials; recycling or reuse diversion, destruction, or
segregation of reactive wastes; dredging or excavations; repair or replacement of leaking containers; collection of
leachate and run-off; on-site treatment or incineration; provision of alternative water supplies; any monitoring
reasonably required to assure that such actions protect the public health and welfare and the environment; and, where
appropriate, post-removal site control activities. The term includes the costs of permanent relocation of residents and
businesses and community facilities (including the cost of providing "alternative land of equivalent value" to an Indian
tribe pursuant to CERCLA section 126(b)) where EPA determines that, alone or in combination with other measures,
such relocation is more cost-effective than, and environmentally preferable to, the transportation, storage, treatment,
destruction, or secure disposition off-site of such hazardous substances, or may otherwise be necessary to protect the
public health or welfare; the term includes off-site transport and off-site storage, treatment, destruction, or secure
disposition of hazardous substances and associated contaminated materials. For the purpose of the NCP, the term also
includes enforcement activities related thereto (40 CFR 300.5).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Remove or Removal
As defined by section 31 l(a)(8) of the CWA, refers to removal of oil or hazardous substances from the water and
shorelines or the taking of such other actions as may be necessary to minimize or mitigate damage to the public health
or welfare or to the environment. As defined by section 101(23) of CERCLA, removal of released hazardous
substances from the environment; such actions as may be necessary taken in the event of the threat of release of
hazardous substances into the environment; such actions as may be necessary to monitor, assess, and evaluate the
release or threat of release of hazardous substances; the disposal of removed material; or the taking of such other
actions as may be necessary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate damage to the public health or welfare or the
environment, which may otherwise result from a release or threat of release. The term includes, in addition, without
being limited to, security fencing or other measures to limit access, provision of alternative water supplies, temporary
evacuation and housing of threatened individuals not otherwise provided for, action taken under section 104(b) of
CERCLA, post-removal site control, where appropriate, and any emergency assistance which may be provided under
the Disaster Relief Act of 1974. For the purpose of the NCP, the term also includes enforcement activities related
thereto (40 CFR 300.5).
Reportable Quantity
That quantity, as set forth in 40 CFR 302, the release of which requires notification pursuant to 40 CFR 302 (40 CFR
302.3).
Site Inspection (SI)
An on-site investigation to determine whether there is a release or potential release and the nature of the associated
threats. The purpose is to augment the data collected in the preliminary assessment and to generate, if necessary,
sampling and other field data to determine if further action or investigation is appropriate (40 CFR 300.5).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Typical Records to Review
• Spill/release records
• Hazardous substance inventory records
• National Response Center Notification Document
• Preliminary Assessment (CERCLA)
• Remedial Investigation documentation
• Soil sample and groundwater monitoring data related to areas targeted for removal and cleanup
• Engineering and cost evaluations
• Sampling and analysis plans.
Typical Physical Features to Inspect
• Cleanup sites
• Disposal sites
• Groundwater monitoring wells
• Contaminated areas
• Treatment technologies employed for site cleanup.
Index for Checklist Users
All Facilities
Release Discovery and Notification
Site Evaluation
Remedial Investigation and Feasibility
Study
Remedial Selection and Design
Removal Action
Refer To
Checklist Items
C.1 through C.3
C. 4 through C.7
C. 8 through C.9
C.10
C.11
C.12
Page Numbers
9
9-10
11-12
13-15
16
17
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Checklist
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
All Facilities
C.1 The current status of any
ongoing or unresolved Consent
Orders, Compliance
Agreements, Notices of
Violation (NOVs), or equivalent
state enforcement actions
should be examined.
Determine if noncompliance issues have been resolved by reviewing a copy of the
previous report, Consent Orders, Compliance Agreements, NOVs, or equivalent state
enforcement actions.
For those open items, indicate what corrective action is planned and milestones
established to correct problems.
Determine how many dockets, if any, your facility has.
C.2 Facilities are required to
comply with all applicable
federal regulatory requirements
not contained in this checklist.
Determine if any new regulations have been issued since the finalization of the guide.
If so, annotate checklist to include new standards.
Determine if the facility has activities or facilities which are federally regulated, but not
addressed in this checklist.
Verify that the facility is in compliance with all applicable and newly issued regulations.
C.3 Facilities are required to
abide by state and local
regulations concerning
hazardous materials.
Verify that the facility is abiding by state and local requirements.
Verify that the facility is operating according to permits issued by the state or local
agencies.
(NOTE: Issues typically regulated by state and local agencies include:
- Transportation of hazardous materials
- Notification requirements
- Response plan requirements
- Spill response requirements.)
Release Discovery and Notification
C.4. Facilities that are
determined: 1) to own or
operate, or 2) who at the time
owned or operated, or 3) who
accepted hazardous substances
for transport and selected a
facility at which hazardous
substances are or have been
stored, treated, or disposed of,
are required to notify the EPA
unless such facility has been
properly permitted under RCRA
(40 CFR 302).
Verify that the facility has procedures in place to identify areas where hazardous
substances are or may have been stored, treated, or released at the facility.
Confirm that the facility maintains an inventory of potential inactive waste sites and
determine whether the inventory contains the following information for each site:
- The site location.
- The site history (i.e., types of waste or hazardous substance that may have been
released).
- Facility responses to environmental problems.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
C.5. Facilities are required to
notify EPA of the existence of
hazardous waste sites
(CERCLA s.103, 40 CFR
300.405(b), 300.135(j),
300.120(b)).
Confirm through interviewing facility personnel and reviewing facility release reporting
procedures that the facility has performed the following:
- If any hazardous substances are found to have been stored, treated, or disposed of
at the facility, the EPA is notified of the existence of the site(s) unless the site(s)
has been issued a valid RCRA permit.
- Notified the EPA if the facility accepted hazardous substances for transport and
selected a facility where hazardous substances are or have been stored, treated, or
disposed of without a valid RCRA permit.
- Notified the National Response Center (NRC) when a hazardous substance release
exceeded a CERCLA Reportable Quantity.
- Promptly notified trustees for natural resources of hazardous substance releases
that are injuring or may injure natural resources under their jurisdiction.
C.6. Releases in excess of or
equal to reportable quantities of
hazardous substances shall be
reported to the NRC
immediately (40 CFR 302.1
through 302.6).
Verify that spills in excess of the reportable quantities listed in Appendix A have been
reported. (Also, refer to 40 CFR 302, Table 302.4.)
Verify that a procedure is in place for the notification of the NRC immediately after
becoming aware of the release.
Verify that if mixtures or solutions of hazardous substances are released, except for
radionuclides, it is reported when either of the following occur:
- The quantity of all hazardous constituents of the mixture or solution is known and a
reportable quantity or more of any hazardous constituent is released.
- The quantity of one or more of the hazardous constituents of the mixture or solution
is unknown and the total amount of the mixture or solution released equals or
exceeds the reportable quantity for the hazardous constituent with the lowest
reportable quantity.
(NOTE: Notification requirements for radionuclide releases are not included in this
guide.)
C.7. Facilities with releases
that are continuous and stable
in quantity and rate are required
to meet limited notification
requirements (40 CFR 302.8).
Determine if the facility has any releases that are continuous and stable in quantity
and rate.
Verify that the following notifications have been given:
- Initial telephone notification
- Initial written notification within 30 days of the initial telephone notification
- Follow-up notification within 30 days of the first anniversary date of the initial written
notification
- Notification of changes in:
-- the composition or source of the release
- information submitted in the initial written notification
- the follow-up notification required on the first anniversary date of the initial
written notification
- Notification of when there is an increase in the quantity of the hazardous
substances in any 24-hour period that represents a statistically significant increase.
(NOTE: Instead of the initial written report or follow-up report, the facility may submit a
copy of the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) form submitted under SARA Title III section
313 for the previous July 1, provided that conditions are met as described in 40 CFR
302.8G).)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
Site Evaluation
C.8. When a facility
experiences a hazardous
substance release to the
environment, an evaluation of
the release site must be
performed to determine the
extent of the release and the
release's impact to public health
and the environment. A site
evaluation typically contains the
following three components (40
CFR 300.420):
a. A preliminary assessment
(PA) which is a review of
existing site information and
an off-site reconnaissance,
if appropriate, to determine
if a release may require
further investigations or
removal actions. Typically,
when performing a PA,
facility documents are
reviewed and field sampling
is not conducted.
b. A site inspection (SI) which
is an on-site investigation to
determine whether a
release has occurred and to
identify the preliminary
public health and
environmental threats
associated with the release.
The SI typically builds upon
the information collected
during the PA.
Furthermore, the SI
involves, as appropriate,
both on- and off-site field
sampling and analysis.
c. A review to determine if the
site should be included on
the National Priorities List
(NPL).
Verify that for all potential inactive waste sites, a preliminary assessment (PA) is
conducted that contains at least the following:
- A review of existing information about the release such as:
information on the pathways of exposure;
exposure targets; and
source and nature of release.
- On-site reconnaissance.
- Off-site reconnaissance.
When the facility performs a remedial PA, confirm that the facility completes the EPA
Preliminary Assessment form or its equivalent and that it includes the following
information:
- A description of the release
- A description of the probable nature of the release
- A recommendation on whether further action is warranted, which lead agency
should conduct further action, and whether a site investigation (SI) or removal
action, or both, should be undertaken.
Where the facility has received an interim or final RCRA facility permit, determine
whether the facility has completed a RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA).
For facility Sis verify that, prior to conducting any field sampling, the facility has
developed sampling and analysis plans which consist of the following:
- Afield sampling plan.
- A Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).
Determine whether the facility has included the following information when preparing
an SI:
- A description/history/nature of waste handling
- A description of known contaminants
- A description of pathways of migration of contaminants
- An identification and description of human and environmental targets
- A recommendation on whether further action is warranted.
Determine if the facility determined whether a removal action is appropriate based
upon the information collected during the PA/SI. If so, confirm that the facility initiated
a removal PA pursuant to C.12.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
11
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
C.9. Sites that meet a certain
criteria may be eligible for
placement on the National
Priorities List (NPL) (40 CFR
300.425(c), (d)).
Confirm that the facility has assisted federal and state agencies in evaluating whether
release sites have met one of the following criteria:
- The release scores sufficiently high pursuant to the Hazard Ranking System.
(NOTE: The Hazard Ranking System is the method used by EPA to evaluate the
relative potential of hazardous substance releases to cause health or safety
problems, ecological damage, or environmental damage.)
- The state has designated a release as its highest priority (a state may have only
one highest priority).
- The release satisfies all of the following criteria:
- the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has issued a health
advisory that recommends dissociation of individuals from the release;
the EPA determines that the release poses a significant threat to public health;
- the EPA anticipates that it will be more cost-effective to use its remedial
authority than to use removal authority to respond to the release.
If the facility determines that a release is eligible for placement on the NPL, verify that
the facility has submitted the release score (using HRS model) and has provided the
appropriate backup documentation.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study
C.10. The purpose of the RI/FS
is to assess site conditions and
evaluate remedial alternatives to
the extent necessary to select a
site remedy. Developing and
implementing an RI/FS
generally includes the following
(40 CFR 300.430):
a. Project Scoping - The
facility should have
developed a plan for
conducting an RI/FS such
that the detail of analysis is
appropriate to the
complexity of the release
site problems being
addressed.
b. Remedial Investigation-
The purpose of an Rl is to
collect the necessary field
data to adequately
characterize the release site
in order to assist in
developing and evaluating
remedial alternatives. Site
characterization may be
conducted in one or more
phases to focus sampling
efforts and to better define
the potential threat to
human health or the
environment.
Determine whether the facility has initiated coordination with regulatory agencies to
ensure that both parties have discussed and identified the appropriate sequence
actions necessary to address the release site problems.
Verify that the facility has conducted project scoping to identify the optimal set and
sequence of actions necessary to address the release site problems. Specifically, the
following should be incorporated into the project scope:
- The assembly and evaluation of existing data for the release site, including the
results of any removal actions and PA/SI data.
- The identification of likely response scenarios, potentially applicable technologies,
and operable units that may address site problems.
- The identification of the type, quality, and quantity of the data that will be collected
during the RI/FS.
- The preparation of site-specific health and safety plans that specify, at a minimum,
employee training and protective equipment, medical surveillance requirements,
standard operating procedures, and contingency plan that conforms with 29 CFR
- The development of a sampling and analysis plan that meets the requirements
outlined in C.8.
- The identification of potential federal and state Applicable or Relevant and
Appropriate Requirements (ARARs).
Determine whether the facility has assessed the following factors when conducting an
Rl:
- The physical characteristics of the site (i.e., soils, sediments, geology,
hydrogeology, meteorology, and ecology).
- Characteristics of air, surface water, and ground water.
- The general characteristics of the waste, including quantities, physical state,
concentration, toxicity, ability to bioaccumulate, and mobility.
- The extent to which the source can be adequately identified and characterized (i.e.,
evaluation of the vertical and horizontal extent of contamination).
- Actual and potential exposure routes (i.e., inhalation through airtransport and
ingestion through groundwater or bioaccumulation).
- Actual and potential exposure pathways through environmental media.
Verify that the facility, in conjunction with regulatory agencies, has identified the
potential ARARs for the release site.
For each release site undergoing an Rl, confirm that the facility has conducted a
baseline risk assessment which contains the following:
- A characterization of the current and potential threats to human health and the
environment that may be posed by site contaminants migrating through
environmental media.
- The establishment of acceptable exposure levels for use in developing remedial
alternatives.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
C.10. (continued)
c. Risk Assessment - As a
component of the Rl, the
risk assessment should
characterize the current and
potential threats to human
health and the environment
that may be posed by
contact to environmental
media in the absence of site
remediation. Typically, the
risk assessment results will
assist in establishing
acceptable exposure levels
for use in developing
remedial alternatives in the
FS.
d. Feasibility Study - The
purpose of the FS is to
ensure that appropriate
remedial alternatives are
developed and evaluated.
The development and
evaluation of alternatives
should reflect the scope and
complexity of the remedial
action under consideration
and the release site
problems being addressed.
Where the facility has received an interim or final RCRA facility permit, determine
whether the facility has completed the following:
- A RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) to evaluate whether releases of hazardous
substances may have occurred from Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs).
Verify that as a part of the FS, the facility has established remedial action objectives
(i.e., acceptable exposure levels that are protective of human health and the
environment) which have been developed by using the following:
- ARARs under federal or state environmental laws.
- Maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs), established under the Safe Drinking
Water Act, or if the MCLG is determined not to be relevant, the corresponding
maximum contaminant level (MCL).
- Water quality criteria established under sections 303 or 304 of the CWA.
- An alternative concentration limit (ACL) established according to CERCLA section
For source control actions, confirm that the facility has developed alternatives tailored
to the release site conditions that employ the following, as appropriate:
- Treatment techniques that reduce toxicity, mobility, or volume of the release site to
the maximum extent feasible, eliminating or minimizing the need for long-term
management.
- One or more alternatives that involve little or no treatment, but provide protection of
human health and the environment primarily by preventing or controlling exposure
to the release site.
- For groundwater response actions, remedial alternatives which attain site-specific
remediation levels within different time periods and using one or more different
technologies.
Confirm that, as a part of an FS, the facility has developed the following:
- One or more innovative treatment technologies for further consideration.
- A no-action alternative or a no further action alternative, if some removal or
remedial action has already occurred at the release site.
Verify that, to the extent possible, the facility has considered the short- and long-term
aspects of the following criteria to guide the development and screening of remedial
alternatives:
- Effectiveness (i.e., minimization of residual risks and short-term impacts, long-term
protection, quickness of protection).
- Implementability (i.e., technical feasibility and availability).
- Cost (i.e., construction, operation, and maintenance).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
C.10. (continued)
Determine whether the facility has performed an analysis of a limited number of
remedial alternatives, which have been considered a viable approach to remedial
action, based on the following:
- Overall protection of human health and the environment.
- Compliance with ARARs.
- Long-term effectiveness and permanence.
- Reduction of toxicity, mobility, or volume.
- Short-term effectiveness.
- Implementability.
- Cost.
- State acceptance.
- Community acceptance.
(NOTE: For facilities with an interim or final RCRA facility permit, federal and state
authorities will request that a Corrective Measures Study (CMS) be performed as part
of a Corrective Action Order (CERCLA Sect. 3008(h)) or corrective action requirement
outlined in a permit application and/or permit (CERCLA Sect. 3004(u) and (v)).)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
15
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
Remedial Selection and Design
C.11. Upon the completion of
the RI/FS, the lead agency
selects a preferred proposed
alternative for remediation which
can be presented to the public
(and state) for their review and
comment. The public comments
must be considered before the
facility can issue a final remedial
design/remedial action (RD/RA).
Upon receiving new information
from the public or regulatory
agencies, the lead agency
should reassess its initial
remedial alternative
determination. The public
comments may prompt the lead
agency to modify aspects of
their preferred alternative or
cause the lead agency to select
a different alternative. The lead
agency and the lead regulatory
agency will make the final
remedy selection decision and
they will document that decision
in the Record of Decision (ROD)
(40 CFR 300.430(f), 300.435(b),
(c), (f)).
When the facility has, in conjunction with the regulatory agency, identified a preferred
proposed remedial action alternative, verify that the proposed plan has been
presented to the public for comment.
Determine whether the proposed plan presented to the public contains the following:
- A brief summary of the alternatives.
- The rationale used to develop the preferred alternative.
- A summary of comments received from regulatory agencies.
- A summary of any proposed waiver from an ARAR.
Verify that the facility conducts the following community relations activities to support
the selection of the remedy:
- Publishes a notice of availability and a brief analysis of the proposed plan in a
major local newspaper.
- Makes the proposed plan and supporting information available in the Administrative
Record.
- Provides for a public comment period of not less than 30 days.
- Provides for a public meeting at or near the facility during the public comment
period.
- Keeps a transcript of the meeting and makes the transcript available to the public.
- Prepares a written summary of significant comments and new information received
during the public comment period.
Verify that the facility has developed an RD/RA that is consistent with the selected and
implemented remedy as set forth in the ROD.
Confirm that Operations and Maintenance (O&M) measures have been initiated after
the remedial action objectives/goals outlined in the ROD have been achieved.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
16
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Compliance Category:
CERCLA/SARA
Regulatory Requirement or
Management Practice:
Reviewer Checks:
Removal Action
C.12. At any release site,
regardless of whether the site
has been included on the NPL,
where the facility has made the
determination that there is a
threat to public health, welfare,
or the environment, the facility
may take an appropriate
removal action to abate,
prevent, minimize, stabilize,
mitigate, or eliminate the
release or threat of release.
When the facility has
determined that a removal
action is appropriate, the facility
should undertake the action as
promptly as possible. The action
typically consists of the following
three stages (40 CFR 300.410,
300.415):
a. A removal preliminary
assessment which includes
the collection or review of
readily available information
such as site management
practices, information from
waste generator, document
review, and facility
interviews.
b. A removal site inspection, if
necessary, to gather
information that was not
obtained during the removal
preliminary assessment.
c. A removal action which is
performed in response to a
specific release.
Confirm that the following information has been considered by the facility when
performing a removal preliminary assessment:
- Identification of the source and nature of the release or threat of release.
- Evaluation by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry or by other
sources (e.g., state public health agencies) of the threat to public health.
- Evaluation of the magnitude of the threat.
- Evaluation of factors necessary to make the determination of whether a removal is
necessary.
Determine whether a removal site inspection has been performed.
Verify that the facility has documented the results obtained from a removal site
evaluation.
Verify that the facility evaluated the following factors prior to initiating a removal action
to determine whether or not the action was appropriate:
- Actual or potential exposure of contaminants to nearby human populations,
animals, or the food chain.
- Actual or potential contamination of drinking water supplies or sensitive
ecosystems.
- Hazardous substances or contaminants stored at the facility that may pose a threat
of release.
- High levels of hazardous substances or contaminants in surface soils that may
migrate.
- Weather conditions that may cause hazardous substances or contaminants to be
released.
- Threat of fire or explosion.
- The availability of appropriate release response mechanisms.
If the removal action requires a planning period of greater than six months, verify that
the facility has developed the following:
- An Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) on the removal alternatives for
the site.
- A sampling and analysis plan that has been reviewed and approved by the EPA.
If removal actions have been implemented, determine whether the selected action, to
the extent practicable, has contributed to the anticipated long-term remedial action for
the release site.
(NOTE: 40 CFR 300.415(d) provides several removal action examples.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
17
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein. 18
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance
Audits under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act
Appendix A:
Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable
Quantities Under CERCLA and EPCRA
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Consolidated List of Chemicals Covered Under CERCLA and EPCRA
This consolidated list includes hazardous substances and other chemicals subject to reporting requirements under 40 CFR 302
of CERCLA and EPCRA. This list does not contain all chemicals that are subject to reporting requirements in Sections 311
and 312 of EPCRA. Those hazardous chemicals for which Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) must be developed under the
Occupational Safety and Health Act Hazard Communication Standards are identified by broad criteria, rather than
enumeration. There are over 500,000 such substances that meet the criteria. The consolidated list has been prepared to help
determine whether there is a need to report releases under CERCLA (40 CFR 302) or submit reports under Section 304 or
313 of EPCRA and, for a specific chemical, what reports need to be submitted.
The list includes chemicals under the four following federal statutory provisions:
1. EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances - The presence of extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) in
sufficient quantities requires certain emergency planning activities to be conducted. Releases of these substances are also
subject to reporting under Section 304 of EPCRA. The final rule listing the extremely hazardous substances and their
threshold planning quantities (TPQs), is found in 40 CFR 355.
2. CERCLA Hazardous Substances - Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to reporting under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) of 1980. Such
releases are also subject to reporting under Section 304 of EPCRA. CERCLA hazardous substances and their reportable
quantities (RQs) are listed in 40 CFR 302, Table 302.4.
3. EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals - Emissions or releases of EPCRA Section 313 toxic chemicals must be reported
annually as part of EPCRA's community right-to-know provisions. A list of these toxic chemicals is found in 40 CFR
372.65.
4. RCRA Hazardous Wastes - The consolidated list includes specific chemicals from the RCRA P and U lists only (40 CFR
261.33). RCRA hazardous wastes from the "F" and "K" lists are not included here; such waste streams are also CERCLA
hazardous substances. This listing is provided as an indicator that you may already have data on a specific chemical that
can be used for EPCRA reporting.
There are four columns in the consolidated list corresponding to these four statutory provisions. If a chemical is listed as an
extremely hazardous substance under Section 302, its TPQ is given in the extremely hazardous substance column. Similarly,
the RQ is given for those chemicals that are listed as CERCLA hazardous substances. A key to the symbols used in the
Section 302 and CERCLA columns precedes the list. An "X" in the column for Section 313 indicates that the chemical is
subject to reporting under Section 313.
The letter-and-digit code in the column for 40 CFR 261.33 is the chemical's RCRA hazardous waste code. A blank in any of
these columns indicates that the chemical is not subject to the corresponding statutory authorities.
The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number is provided for each chemical on the list.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein. A1
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Keys to Symbols in the Consolidated Chemical List
+ Indicates polyaromatic compounds (PACs).
* Indicates carbamate wastes under RCRA; statutory one pound RQ applies until RQs are adjusted.
# Indicates diisocyanates.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein. A2
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
This is an alphabetical listing of the consolidated list of chemicals. Numbered chemicals are listed first.
Chemical Name
1 -Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
l-Chloro-l,l-difluoroethane(HCFC-142b)
1 -Chloro- 1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC- 124a)
1 -Methylbutadiene
1 -Naphthalamine
1-Propanamine
1-Propanol ,2,3-dibromo-phosphate (3:1)
(1,1 '-Biphenyl)-4,4'diamine, 3,3'-dimethoxy-
(1,1 '-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dimethyl-
1 , 1 -Dichloro- 1 -fluoroethane (HCFC- 14 1 b)
1 ,1-Dichloro- 1 ,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC- 123 b)
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
1 , 1 -Dichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, [bis(2-
ethylhexyl)]ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (diethyl
phthlate)
1 ,2-Benzenediol, 4- [ 1 -hydroxy-2-(methylamino)
ethyl]-
1 ,2-Benzisothiazolin-3(2H)one, 1 , 1 -dioxide
1 ,2-Benzphenanthrene
1,2-Butylene oxide
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
100
5,000
10
100
10
1,000
100
1,000
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x+
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U186
U167
U194
U235
U091
U095
U076
U078
U227
U208
U209
U028
U088
P042
U202
U050
CAS No.
82-28-0
75-68-3
354-25-6
504-60-9
134-32-7
107-10-8
126-72-7
119-90-4
119-93-7
1717-80-6
812-04-4
75-34-3
75-35-4
78-99-9
79-00-5
630-20-6
79-34-5
117-81-7
84-66-2
51-43-4
81-07-2
218-01-9
106-88-7
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A3
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
1 ,2-Dichloro- 1 ,1 ,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC- 123a)
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1 ,2-Dimethylhydrazine
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
1,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide
1 ,2-trans-Dichloroethylene
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,3-Benzenediol
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-propyl
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-)l-l propenyl
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-) 2,propenyl
1,3-Butadiene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichloropropane
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
1 ,3-Isobenzofurandione
1,3,5-Tri nitrobenzene
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
1
100
100
1,000
1
10
10
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
10
100
100
10
100
5,000
100
5,000
10
1
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U066
U067
U070
U077
U083
U099
U109
U193
U079
U207
U201
U090
U141
U203
U071
U084
U190
U234
U074
U072
CAS No.
96-12-8
106-93-4
354-23-4
95-50-1
107-06-2
540-59-0
78-87-5
540-73-8
122-66-7
1120-71-4
156-60-5
120-82-1
95-94-3
108-46-3
94-58-6
120-58-1
94-59-7
106-99-0
541-73-1
142-28-9
542-75-6
85-44-9
99-35-4
764-41-0
106-46-7
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A4
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
1,4-Diethylene dioxide (1,4-Dioxane)
1 ,4-Naphthalenedione
2-Acetylaminofluorene
2-Aminoanthraquinone
2-Butanone peroxide
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)
2-Butene, 1,4-dichloro-
2-Chloro-l,l,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124)
2-Chloroacetophenone
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chlorophenol
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
2-Ethoxyethanol
2-Furancarboxaldehyde
2-Methoxyethanol
2-Methylpyridine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
2-Phenylphenol
2-Picoline
2,2-Dichloro- 1,1,1 -trifluoroethane (HCFC- 123)
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
2,2,4- Trimethylpentane
2,3-Dichloropropene
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
5,000
1
10
5,000
1
100
1,000
100
100
1,000
5,000
5,000
10
100
10
5,000
5,000
1,000
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U108
U166
U005
U160
U159
U074
U042
U048
P034
U359
U125
U191
U168
U171
U191
CAS No.
123-91-1
130-15-4
53-96-3
117-79-3
1338-23-4
78-93-3
764-41-0
2837-89-0
532-27-4
110-75-8
95-57-8
131-89-5
110-80-5
98-01-1
109-86-4
109-06-8
91-59-8
88-75-5
79-46-9
90-43-7
109-06-8
306-83-2
75-99-0
540-84-1
78-88-6
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A5
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
2,3,5-Trichlorophenol
2,3,6-Trichlorophenol
2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin (TCDD)
2,4-D acid
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-D esters
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
2,4-Diaminotoluene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,4,5-T esters
2,4,5-T salts
2,4,5-T amines
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
10
10
10
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
100
100
10
10
1,000
1,000
5,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U240
U081
U101
P048
U105
CAS No.
15950-66-0
58-90-2
933-78-8
933-75-5
1746-01-6
94-75-7
94-11-1
94-79-1
94-80-4
1320-18-9
1928-38-7
2971-38-2
53467-11-1
1928-61-6
1929-73-3
25168-26-7
39156-41-7
95-80-7
120-83-2
105-67-9
51-28-5
121-14-2
25168-15-4
13560-99-1
1319-72-8
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A6
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
2,4,5- T amines
2,4,5- T amines
2,4,5- T amines
2,4,5- T amines
2,4,5-T esters
2,4,5-T esters
2,4,5-T esters
2,4,5-T esters
2,4,5-T acid
2,4,5-TP acid esters
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Tribromophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,5-Dinitrophenol
2,5-Furandione
2,6-Diaminotoluene
2,6-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dinitrophenol
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Xylidine
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride
3,4-Dinitrotoluene
3,4,5-Trichlorophenol
3,5-Dichloro-N-( 1 , 1 -dimethyl-2-propynyl)
benzamide
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
10
100
10
10
5,000
10
100
10
100
1
10
10
5,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U408
U147
U221
U082
U106
U073
U192
CAS No.
3813-14-7
6369-96-6
6369-97-7
2008-46-0
93-79-8
1928-47-8
2545-59-7
61792-07-2
93-76-5
32534-95-5
95-95-4
118-79-6
88-06-2
329-71-5
108-31-6
823-40-5
87-65-0
573-56-8
606-20-2
87-62-7
91-94-1
612-82-8
610-39-9
609-19-8
23950-58-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A7
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
4-Chloro-m-cresol
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Nitrobiphenyl
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
4,4'-Methylene bis(N,N-dimethyl) benzenamine
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
4,4'-Thiodianiline 6-dinitrophenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, trichloro-
Acetamide
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-
Acetamide, N-(aminothi-oxomethyl)-
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, ethyl ester
Acetic acid, fluoro, sodium salt
Acetic acid, lead (2+) salt
Acetic acid, thallium (1+) salt
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
10/10,000
10/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
5,000
5,000
10
10
10
100
100
5,000
1,000
5,000
100
100
1,000
5,000
5,000
10
10
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U039
P047
U181
U001
U034
U187
P002
U112
P058
U144
U214
CAS No.
60-09-3
92-67-1
59-50-7
7005-72-3
92-93-3
101-80-4
80-05-7
101-61-1
101-77-9
139-65-1
534-52-1
99-59-2
99-55-8
83-32-9
208-96-8
75-07-0
75-87-6
60-35-5
62-44-2
591-08-2
64-19-7
141-78-6
62-74-8
301-04-2
563-68-8
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A8
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetone cyanohydrin
Acetone thiosemicarbazide
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Acrylyl chloride
Aldicarb
Aldicarb sulfone
Adipic acid
Adiponitrile
Aldrin
Allyl alcohol
Allyl chloride
Allylamine
alpha,alpha-Dimethyl phenethylamine
alpha-Endosulfan
alpha-BHC
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000/10,000
500
1,000/10,000
10,000
100
100/10,000
1,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
5,000
5,000
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1
5,000
5,000
100
1
1*
5,000
1
100
1,000
5,000
1
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U002
P069
U003
U004
U006
POOS
U007
U008
U009
P070
P203
P004
POOS
P046
CAS No.
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-86-5
1752-30-3
75-05-8
98-86-2
506-96-7
75-36-5
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
814-68-6
116-06-3
1646-88-4
45,390
111-69-3
309-00-2
107-18-6
107-05-1
107-11-9
122-09-8
959-98-8
319-84-6
7429-90-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A9
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
Aluminum phosphide
Aluminum sulfate
Aminopterin
Amiton
Amiton oxalate
Amitrole
Ammonia
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium benzoate
Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bichromate
Ammonium bifluoride
Ammonium bisulfite
Ammonium carbamate
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chromate
Ammonium citrate, dibasic
Ammonium fluoborate
Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium oxalate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
5,000
10
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
5,000
5,000
100
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P006
U011
CAS No.
1344-28-1
20859-73-8
10043-01-3
54-62-6
78-53-5
3734-97-2
61-82-5
7664-41-7
631-61-8
1863-63-4
1066-33-7
7789-09-5
1341-49-7
10192-30-0
1111-78-0
506-87-6
12125-02-9
7788-98-9
3012-65-5
13826-83-0
12125-01-8
1336-21-6
5972-73-6
6009-70-7
14258-49-2
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A10
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Ammonium picrate
Ammonium silicofluoride
Ammonium sulfamate
Ammonium sulfide
Ammonium sulfite
Ammonium tartrate
Ammonium tartrate
Ammonium thiocyanate
Ammonium vanadate
Amphetamine
Amyl acetate
Analine, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
Aniline
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony pentachloride
Antimony pentafluoride
Antimony potassium tartrate
Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony trioxide
Antimycin A
ANTU (Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyl-)
Aroclor 1016
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000
500
1,000
500
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
1,000
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
5,000
500
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P009
P119
U012
P072
CAS No.
131-74-8
16919-19-0
7773-06-0
12135-76-1
10196-04-0
14307-43-8
3164-29-2
1762-95-4
7803-55-6
300-62-9
628-63-7
88-05-1
62-53-3
120-12-7
7440-36-0
7647-18-9
7783-70-2
28300-74-5
7789-61-9
10025-91-9
7783-56-4
1309-64-4
1397-94-0
86-88-4
12674-11-2
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A11
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Arsenic
Arsenic acid
Arsenic acid
Arsenic disulfide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trisulfide
Arsenous trichloride
Arsine
Arsine, diethyl-
Asbestos
Azaserine
Azinophos-ethyl
Azinophos-methyl
Barban
Barium and compounds
Barium cyanide
Bendiocarb
Bendiocarb phenol
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
100
100/10,000
10/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1*
10
1*
1*
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P010
P011
P012
P038
U015
U280
P013
U278
U364
CAS No.
11104-28-2
11141-16-5
53469-21-9
12672-29-6
11097-69-1
11096-82-5
7440-38-2
1327-52-2
7778-39-4
1303-32-8
1303-28-2
1327-53-3
1303-33-9
7784-34-1
7784-42-1
692-42-2
1332-21-4
115-02-6
2642-71-9
86-50-0
101-27-9
7440-39-3
542-62-1
22781-23-3
22961-82-6
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A12
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Benomyl
Benzal chloride
Benzamide
Benz[a]anthracene
Benz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethyl-
Benz[c]acridine
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro-
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-, hydrochloride
Benzenamine, 3-(trifluoro-methyl)-
Benzenamine, 4-chloro
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2-methyl-hydrochloride
Benzenenamine, 4-methyl
Benzenamine, 4-nitro-
Benzenamine4,4'-methylenebis-2-chloro-
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylazo-
Benzene
Benzene, l-bromo-4-phenoxy-
Benzene, 1 -(chloromethyl)-4-nitro-
Benzene, 1-methylethyl- (cumene)
Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl-
Benzene, chloro-
Benzene, dimethyl-
Benzene, hexachloro-
Benzene, hexahydro- (cyclohexane)
Benzene, m-dimethyl-
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
500
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1*
5,000
10
1
100
100
100
1,000
100
100
5,000
10
10
10
100
5,000
100
100
100
10
1,000
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
x+
x+
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U271
U017
U018
U094
U016
U181
U222
P024
U049
U353
P077
U158
U093
U019
U030
U055
U223
U037
U239
U127
U056
U239
CAS No.
17804-35-2
98-87-3
55-21-0
56-55-3
57-97-6
225-51-4
99-55-8
636-21-5
98-16-8
106-47-8
3165-93-3
106-49-0
100-01-6
101-14-4
60-11-7
71-43-2
101-55-3
100-14-1
98-82-8
26471-62-5
108-90-7
1330-20-7
118-74-1
110-82-7
108-38-3
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A13
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Benzene, methyl- (toluene)
Benzene, o-dimethyl-
Benzene, p-dimethyl-
Benzenearsonic acid
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Benzidine
Benzimidazole, 4,5-dichloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)
Benz[j]aceanthrylene, l,2-dihydro-3-methyl-
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzoic acid
Benzo[jk]fluorene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzonitrile
Benzotrichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl cyanide
Beryllium
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium nitrate
Beryllium nitrate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
10/10,000
500/10,000
100
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
100
100
1
10
1
1
5,000
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
10
1,000
100
500
10
1
1
1
1
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
x+
x+
x+
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U220
U239
U239
U020
U021
U157
U022
U120
U023
P028
P015
CAS No.
108-88-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
98-05-5
98-09-9
92-87-5
3615-21-2
56-49-5
50-32-8
205-99-2
191-24-2
65-85-0
206-44-0
207-08-9
100-47-0
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-36-0
100-44-7
140-29-4
7440-41-7
7787-47-5
7787-49-7
13597-99-4
7787-55-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A14
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
beta-Endosyulfan
beta-BHC
beta-Chloronaphthalene
Bicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2-carbonitrile, 5-chloro-6-
(methylamino)carbonyl)oxy) imino)-,
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(chloromethyl)ketone
Bitoscanate
Boron trichloride
Boron trifluoride
Boron trifluoride compound with methyl ether (1:1)
Bromadiolone
Bromine
Bromoacetone
Bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211)
Bromoform
Bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1311)
Brucine
Butanoic acid, 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]
benzene-
Butyl acetate
Butyl acrylate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Butylamine
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500/10,000
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
1
5,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
10
5,000
100
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U047
U024
U027
P017
U225
P018
U035
CAS No.
33213-65-9
319-85-7
91-58-7
15271-41-7
92-52-4
111-91-1
108-60-1
534-07-6
4044-65-9
10294-34-5
7637-07-2
353-42-4
18772-56-7
7726-95-6
598-31-2
353-59-3
75-25-2
75-63-8
357-57-3
147,985
123-86-4
141-32-2
85-68-7
109-73-9
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A15
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
CI Acid Green 3
CI Basic Green 4
CI Basic Red 1
CI Direct Black 38
CI Direct Blue 6
CI Direct Brown 95
CI Disperse Yellow 3
CI Food Red 5
CI Food Red 15
CI Solvent Orange 7
CI Solvent Yellow 3
CI Solvent Yellow 14
CI Solvent Yellow 34 (Auramine)
CI Vat Yellow 4
Cacodylic acid
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium stearate
Calcium arsenate
Calcium arsenite
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
5,000
100
1
10
10
10
10
1
1
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U014
U136
CAS No.
123-72-8
107-92-6
4680-78-8
569-64-2
989-38-8
1937-37-7
2602-46-2
16071-86-6
2832-40-8
3761-53-3
81-88-9
3118-97-6
97-56-3
824-07-0
492-80-8
128-66-5
75-60-5
7440-43-9
543-90-8
7789-42-6
10108-64-2
1306-19-0
2223-93-0
7778-44-1
52740-16-6
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A16
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Calcium carbide
Calcium chromate
Calcium cyanamide
Calcium cyanide
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
Calcium hypochlorite
Cantharidin
Caprolactam
Captan
Carbachol chloride
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Carbamic acid, methyl- nitroso, ethyl ester
Carbamic acid, methyl-o- (((2,4-dimethyl-l,3
dithiolan-2-yl)methylene)amino)-
Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-(phenylmethyl)
ester
Carbaryl
Carbendazim
Carbofuran
Carbofuran phenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon oxyfluoride
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Carbophenothion
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
10/10,000
10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
10
1,000
10
1,000
10
5,000
10
100
1
1*
1
1*
100
1*
10
1*
100
1,000
10
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U032
P021
U238
U178
P185
U097
U387
U279
U372
P127
U367
P022
U033
U211
CAS No.
75-20-7
13765-19-0
156-62-7
592-01-8
26264-06-2
7778-54-3
56-25-7
105-60-2
133-06-2
51-83-2
51-79-6
615-53-2
26419-73-8
79-44-7
52888-80-9
63-25-2
10605-21-7
1563-66-2
1563-38-8
75-15-0
353-50-4
56-23-5
463-58-1
786-19-6
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A17
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Carbosulfan
Catechol
Chloramben
Chlordane
Chlorfenvinfos
Chlorinated fluorocarbon (Freon 1 13)
Chlorine
Chlorine cyanide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlormephos
Chlormequat chloride
Chlornaphazine
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorodibromomethane
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
Chloroethane
Chloroethanol
Chloroethyl chloroformate
Chloroform
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chlorophacinone
Chloroprene
Chlorosulfonic acid
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000
500
100
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
1,000
10,000
100
100/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1*
100
100
1
10
10
100
1,000
100
10
100
100
10
10
100
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P189
U036
P033
U026
P023
U038
U044
U046
CAS No.
55285-14-8
120-80-9
133-90-4
57-74-9
470-90-6
76-13-1
7782-50-5
506-77-4
10049-04-4
24934-91-6
999-81-5
494-03-1
107-20-0
79-11-8
510-15-6
124-48-1
75-45-6
75-00-3
107-07-3
627-11-2
67-66-3
107-30-2
3691-35-8
126-99-8
7790-94-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A18
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Chlorotetrafluoroethane
Chlorothalonil
Chloroxuron
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorthiophos
Chromic acetate
Chromic acid
Chromic acid
Chromic chloride
Chromic sulfate
Chromium
Chromous chloride
Cobalt
Cobalt,((2,2'-l,2- ethanediylbis (ni-
trilomethylidyne))bis(6-fluorophenylato))(2-)-
N,N',O,O')-
Cobalt carbonyl
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate
Cobaltous sulfamate
Colchicine
Copper
Copper cyanide
Coumaphos
Coumatetralyl
Creosote
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500/10,000
500
1/10,000
100/10,000
10/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
1,000
10
10
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
10
10
1
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P029
U051
CAS No.
63938-10-3
1897-45-6
1982-47-4
2921-88-2
21923-23-9
1066-30-4
11115-74-5
7738-94-5
10025-73-7
10101-53-8
7440-47-3
10049-05-5
7440-48-4
62207-76-5
10210-68-1
7789-43-7
544-18-3
14017-41-5
64-86-8
7440-50-8
544-92-3
56-72-4
5836-29-3
8001-58-9
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A19
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Cresol(s) (mixed isomers)
Crimidine
Crotonaldehyde
Crotonaldehyde, (E)-
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cupric acetate
Cupric chloride
Cupric nitrate
Cupric oxalate
Cupric sulfate
Cupric sulfate, ammoniated
Cupric tartrate
Cyanides (soluble cyanide salts and complexes)
Cyanogen
Cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen iodide
Cyanophos
Cyanuric fluoride
Cyclohexanone
Cycloheximide
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclophosphamide
D-Glucopyranose, 2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-
nitrosoureido)-
Daunomycin
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
100
100
10
100
10
100
100
10
100
100
10
100
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
10
1
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U052
U053
U053
U096
P030
P031
U246
U057
U058
U206
U059
CAS No.
1319-77-3
535-89-7
4170-30-3
123-73-9
80-15-9
135-20-6
142-71-2
7447-39-4
3251-23-8
5893-66-3
7758-98-7
10380-29-7
815-82-7
57-12-5
460-19-5
506-68-3
506-78-5
2636-26-2
675-14-9
108-94-1
66-81-9
108-91-8
50-18-0
18883-66-4
20830-81-3
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A20
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
DDD
DDE
DDE
DDT
Decaborane(14)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
Delta-BHC
Demeton
Demeton-S-methyl
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthlate (DEHP)
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamine (N-Nitrosodi-n-
propylamine)
Dialifor
Diallate
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
Diaminotoluene
Diazinon
Diazomethane
Dibenz[a,i]pyrene
Dibenz[a,h] anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Diborane
Dibromotetrafluorethane (Halon 2402)
Dibutyl phthalate
Dicamba
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500/10,000
500
500
100/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
1
5,000
1
1
100
5,000
10
100
10
10
1
100
10
1
100
100
10
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x+
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U060
U061
U028
U107
Ulll
U062
U221
U221
U064
U063
U069
CAS No.
72-54-8
72-55-9
3547-04-4
50-29-3
17702-41-9
1163-19-5
319-86-8
8065-48-3
919-86-8
117-81-7
117-84-0
621-64-7
10311-84-9
2303-16-4
25376-45-8
496-72-0
333-41-5
334-88-3
189-55-9
53-70-3
132-64-9
19287-45-7
124-73-2
84-74-2
1918-00-9
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A21
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Dichlone
Dichloro- 1 , 1 ,2-trifluoroethane
Dichlorobenil
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
Dichlorobromomethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloromethyl ether
Dichloromethylphenylsilane
Dichloropropane
Dichloropropane-dichloropropene (mixture)
Dichloropropene
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-1 14)
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dicrotophos
Dieldrin
Diepoxybutane
Diethanolamine
Diethyl chlorophosphate
Diethyl-p-nitrophenylphosphate
Diethyl sulfate
Diethylamine
Diethylstilbestrol
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
10,000
100
1,000
1,000
100
500
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
100
100
5,000
5,000
10
10
1,000
100
100
10
10
1
10
100
100
10
100
1
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U075
U025
P016
P037
U085
P041
U089
CAS No.
117-80-6
90454-18-5
1194-65-6
25321-22-6
75-27-4
75-71-8
111-44-4
542-88-1
149-74-6
26638-19-7
8003-19-8
26952-23-8
76-14-2
34077-87-7
62-73-7
115-32-2
141-66-2
60-57-1
1464-53-5
111-42-2
814-49-3
311-45-5
64-67-5
109-89-7
56-53-1
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A22
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Digitoxin
Diglycidyl ether
Digoxin
Dihydrosafrole
Diisopropylfluorophosphate
Dimefox
Dimethoate
Dimethylformamide
Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethylamine
Dimethyldichlorosilane
Dimethylhydrazine
Dimetilan
Dinitrobenzene (mixed isomers)
Dinitrophenol
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
Dinoseb
Dinoterb
Dioxathion
Diphacinone
Diphenylamine
Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
1,000
10/10,000
100
500
500/10,000
10/10,000
500
500
500
1,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
10/10,000
100
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
100
10
100
5,000
100
1,000
10
1*
100
10
10
1,000
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U090
P043
P044
U102
U103
U092
U098
P191
P020
P085
CAS No.
71-63-6
2238-07-5
20830-75-5
94-58-6
55-91-4
115-26-4
60-51-5
25,173
99-98-9
2524-03-0
131-11-3
77-78-1
124-40-3
75-78-5
57-14-7
644-64-4
25154-54-5
25550-58-7
25321-14-6
88-85-7
1420-07-1
78-34-2
82-66-6
122-39-4
152-16-9
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A23
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Dipropylamine
Diquat
Diquat
Disulfoton
Dithiazinine iodide
Dithiobiuret
Diuron
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
Emetine, dihydrochloride
Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endothall
Endothion
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Epichlorohydrin
EPN
Ergocalciferol
Ergotamine tartrate
Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-
Ethane, l,l'-oxybis-
Ethanesulfonyl chloride, 2-chloro-
Ethanethioamide
Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-(dimethylamino)-N-
hydroxy-
Ethanol, 1 ,2-dichloro-acetate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
1/10,000
10/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500
1,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
5,000
1,000
1,000
1
100
100
1,000
1
1
1,000
1
1
100
1
100
10
1*
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U110
P039
P049
P050
P088
P051
U041
U174
U117
U218
U394
CAS No.
142-84-7
85-00-7
2764-72-9
298-04-4
514-73-8
541-53-7
330-54-1
27176-87-0
316-42-7
115-29-7
1031-07-8
145-73-3
2778-04-3
72-20-8
7421-93-4
106-89-8
2104-64-5
50-14-6
379-79-3
55-18-5
60-29-7
1622-32-8
62-55-5
30558-43-1
10140-87-1
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A24
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Ethanol, 2,2'-(nitroso imino) bis-
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, dicarbamate
Ethene, chloro-
Ethion
Ethoprophos
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethylbenzene
Ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA)
Ethyleneimine
Ethylenethiocyanate
Ethylidene dichloride
Famphur
Fenamiphos
Fensulfothion
Ferric ammonium citrate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
10,000
500
10,000
10/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
1*
1
10
1,000
1,000
1
1,000
5,000
10
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U173
U395
U043
U113
U118
U119
U115
U116
U114
P054
U076
P097
CAS No.
1116-54-7
5952-26-1
75-01-4
563-12-2
13194-48-4
140-88-5
541-41-3
97-63-2
62-50-0
100-41-4
538-07-8
74-85-1
107-21-1
75-21-8
96-45-7
111-54-6
107-15-3
60-00-4
151-56-4
542-90-5
75-34-3
52-85-7
22224-92-6
115-90-2
1185-57-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A25
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric chloride
Ferric fluoride
Ferric nitrate
Ferric sulfate
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Ferrous chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate
Fluenetil
Fluometuron
Fluorene
Fluorine
Fluoroacetamide
Fluoroacetic acid
Fluoroacetyl chloride
Fluorouracil
Fonofos
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde cyanohydrin
Formetanate hydrochloride
Formic acid
Formothion
Formparanate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
10/10,000
10
500/10,000
500
500
1,000
500/10,000
100
100/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
5,000
10
100
100
1*
5,000
1*
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P056
P057
U122
P198
U123
P197
CAS No.
2944-67-4
55488-87-4
7705-08-0
7783-50-8
10421-48-4
10028-22-5
10045-89-3
7758-94-3
7720-78-7
7782-63-0
4301-50-2
2164-17-2
86-73-7
7782-41-4
640-19-7
144-49-0
359-06-8
51-21-8
944-22-9
50-00-0
107-16-4
23422-53-9
64-18-6
2540-82-1
17702-57-7
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A26
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Fosthietan
Fuberidazole
Fulminic acid, mercury (It) salt
Fumaric acid
Furan
Furan, tetrahydro-
Gallium trichloride
Glycidylaldehyde
Guanidine, N-nitroso-N methyl-lST-nitrc
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachloro- 1 ,3-tmtadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloronaphthalene
Hexachlorophene
Hexachloropropene
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
Hexamethylene-l,6-diisocyanate
Hexamethylenediamine, NJSf'-dibutyl-
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hexane
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride (aerosol
forms only))
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
100
1,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
5,000
100
1,000
10
10
1
1
1
10
100
100
1,000
100
100
500
1
5,000
1
5,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X*
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P065
U124
U213
U126
U163
P059
U128
U130
U131
U132
U243
P062
U133
CAS No.
21548-32-3
3878-19-1
628-86-4
110-17-8
110-00-9
109-99-9
13450-90-3
765-34-4
70-25-7
76-44-8
1024-57-3
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
1335-87-1
70-30-4
1888-71-7
757-58-4
300,380
4835-11-4
680-31-9
110-54-3
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7647-01-0
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A27
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid (cone. 37% or greater)
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen peroxide (cone > 52%)
Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydroquinone
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
Iron, pentacarbonyl-
iso-Amyl acetate
iso-Butyl acetate
iso-Butylamine
iso-Butyric acid
Isobenzan
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobutyraldehyde
Isobutyronitrile
Isocyanic acid, 3,4-dichlorophenyl ester
Isodrin
Isophorone
Isophorone diisocyanate
Isoprene
Isopropanolamine dodecyclbenzene sulfonate
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg- strong acid processes)
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100
100
1,000
10
500
500/10,000
100
100/10,000
1,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
5,000
5,000
10
100
100
100
100
5,000
5,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
1
5,000
100
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
x+
X
X
X
X*
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P063
U134
U135
U137
U140
P060
CAS No.
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7722-84-1
7783-07-5
7783-06-4
123-31-9
193-39-5
13463-40-06
123-92-2
110-19-0
78-81-9
79-31-2
297-78-9
78-83-1
78-84-2
78-82-0
102-36-3
465-73-6
78-59-1
4098-71-9
78-79-5
42504-46-1
67-63-0
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A28
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Isopropyl chloroformate
Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate
Kepone
Lactonitrile
Lasiocarpine
Lead
Lead arsenate
Lead arsenate
Lead arsenate
Lead chloride
Lead fluoborate
Lead fluoride
Lead iodide
Lead nitrate
Lead phosphate
Lead stearate
Lead stearate
Lead stearate
Lead stearate
Lead subacetate
Lead sulfate
Lead sulfate
Lead sulfide
Lead thiocyanate
Leptophos
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000
500
1,000
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1*
1
10
10
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P192
U142
U143
U145
U146
CAS No.
108-23-6
119-38-0
143-50-0
78-97-7
303-34-4
7439-92-1
10102-48-4
7645-25-2
7784-40-9
7758-95-4
13814-96-5
7783-46-2
10101-63-0
10099-74-8
7446-27-7
1072-35-1
52652-59-2
7428-48-0
56189-09-4
1335-32-6
15739-80-7
7446-14-2
1314-87-0
592-87-0
21609-90-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A29
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Lewisite
Lindane
Lithium chromate
Lithium hydride
m-Cresol
m-Dinitrobenzene
m-Nitrophenol
m-Nitrotoluene
Malathion
Maleic acid
Maleic anhydride
Maleic hydrazide
Malononitrile
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')
Manganese, tricarbonyl methylcyclopentadienyl
Mechlorethamine
Melphalan
Mephosfolan
Mercuric acetate
Mercuric chloride
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric oxide
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
10
1,000/10,000
100
500/10,000
100
10
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
10
1,000
100
100
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1*
1
1
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U129
U052
U147
U148
U149
P196
U150
CAS No.
541-25-3
58-89-9
14307-35-8
7580-67-8
108-39-4
99-65-0
554-84-7
99-08-1
121-75-5
110-16-7
123-33-1
109-77-3
12427-38-2
7439-96-5
15339-36-3
12108-13-3
51-75-2
148-82-3
950-10-7
1600-27-7
7487-94-7
592-04-1
10045-94-0
21908-53-2
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A30
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Mercuric sulfate
Mercuric thiocyanate
Mercurous nitrate
Mercurous nitrate
Mercury
Methacrolein diacetate
Methacrylic anhydride
Methacryloyl chloride
Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate
Methacrylonitrile
Methamidophos
Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-
Methanesulfonyl fluoride
Methanol
Methapyrilene
Methidathion
Methiocarb
Methomyl
Methoxychlor
Methoxyethylmercuric acetate
Methyl 2-chloroacrylate
Methyl acrylate
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000
500
100
100
500
100/10,000
500
1,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
10
10
10
1
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
10
100
1
500
1,000
100
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U151
U152
U154
U155
P199
P066
U247
U029
U045
U156
CAS No.
7783-35-9
592-85-8
7782-86-7
10415-75-5
7439-97-6
10476-95-6
760-93-0
920-46-7
30674-80-7
126-98-7
10265-92-6
594-42-3
558-25-8
67-56-1
91-80-5
950-37-8
2032-65-7
16752-77-5
72-43-5
151-38-2
80-63-7
96-33-3
74-83-9
74-87-3
79-22-1
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A31
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroformate (Methylchlorocarbonate)
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl isothiocyanate
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl phenkapton
Methyl phosphonic dichloride
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl thiocyanate
Methyl vinyl ketone
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MBI)
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
Methylmercuric dicyanamide
Methylthiouracil
Methyltrichlorosilane
Metolcarb
Mevinphos
Mexacarbate
Michler's ketone
Mitomycin C
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
500
500
500
500
500
100
10,000
10
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
10
100
5,000
10
100
1,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
10
1*
10
1,000
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X*
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U226
U156
P068
U138
U161
P064
U153
U162
U068
U080
U164
P190
P128
U010
CAS No.
71-55-6
79-22-1
60-34-4
74-88-4
108-10-1
624-83-9
556-61-1
74-93-1
80-62-6
3735-23-7
676-97-1
1634-04-4
556-64-9
78-94-4
101-68-8
74-95-3
75-09-2
502-39-6
56-04-2
75-79-6
1129-41-5
7786-34-7
315-18-4
90-94-8
50-07-7
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A32
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Molybdenum trioxide
Moncrotophos
(Mono)chloropentafluoroethane (CFC 115)
Monoethylamine
Monomethylamine
Muscimol
Mustard gas
n-Butyl alcohol
N,N-Diethylaniline
N,N-Diethylhydrazine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Naled
Naphthalene
Naphthenic acid
Nickel
Nickel ammonium sulfate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
100
1,000
5,000
1,000
10
100
10
1
1
100
10
1
10
1
10
100
100
100
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P007
U031
U086
U172
U176
U177
P084
U179
U180
U165
CAS No.
1313-27-5
6923-22-4
76-15-3
75-04-7
74-89-5
2763-96-4
505-60-2
71-36-3
91-66-7
1615-80-1
121-69-7
924-16-3
759-73-9
684-93-5
86-30-6
4549-40-0
59-89-2
16543-55-8
100-75-4
930-55-2
300-76-5
91-20-3
1338-24-5
7440-02-0
15699-18-0
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A33
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel chloride
Nickel chloride
Nickel cyanide
Nickel hydroxide
Nickel nitrate
Nickel sulfate
Nicotine
Nicotine sulfate
Nitric acid
Nitric oxide
Nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrobenzene
Nitrocyclohexane
Nitrofen
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitroglycerine
Nitrophenol (mixed isomers)
Nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrotoluene
Norbormide
O,O-Diethyl S-methyl dithiophosphate
o-Anisidine
o-Anisidine hydrochloride
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1
100
100/10,000
1,000
100
10,000
500
100
1,000
100/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
100
100
10
10
100
100
100
100
1,000
10
1,000
10
10
10
100
10
1,000
100
5,000
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P073
P074
P075
P076
U169
P078
P081
P082
U087
CAS No.
13463-39-3
37211-05-5
7718-54-9
557-19-7
12054-48-7
14216-75-2
7786-81-4
54-11-5
65-30-5
7697-37-2
10102-43-9
139-13-9
98-95-3
1 122-60-7
1836-75-5
10102-44-0
10544-72-6
55-63-0
25154-55-6
62-75-9
1321-12-6
991-42-4
3288-58-2
90-04-0
134-29-2
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A34
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
o-Cresol
o-Di nitrobenzene
o-Nitrotoluene
o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Octachloronaphthalene
Osmium tetroxide
Ouabain
Oxamyl
Oxetane, 3,3- bis(chloromethyl)-
Oxydisulfoton
Ozone
p-Anisidine
p-Benzoquinone
p-Cresidine
p-Cresol
p-Di nitrobenzene
p-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
p-Nitrotoluene
p-Phenylenediamine
Paraformaldehyde
Paraldehyde
Paraquat dichloride
Paraquat methosulfate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
100
10/10,000
10/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
100
1,000
100
100
1,000
1*
10
100
100
100
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U052
U328
U222
P087
P194
U197
U052
U170
U182
CAS No.
95-48-7
528-29-0
88-72-2
95-53-4
636-21-5
2234-13-1
20816-12-0
630-60-4
23135-22-0
78-71-7
2497-07-6
10028-15-6
104-94-9
106-51-4
120-71-8
106-44-5
100-25-4
100-02-7
156-10-5
99-99-0
106-50-3
30525-89-4
123-63-7
1910-42-5
2074-50-2
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A35
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Parathion
Parathion, methyl
Paris green (Cuprie acetoarsenite)
Pentaborane
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pentadecyclamine
Peracetic acid
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenol, 2,2'-thiobis [4-chloro-6-methyl
Phenol, 3-(l-methylethyl), methylcarbamate
Phenoxarsine, 10,10'-oxydi-
Phenyl dichloroarsine
Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride
Phenylmercury acetate
Phenylsilatrane
Phenylthiourea
Phorate
Phosacetim
Phosfolan
Phosgene
Phosmet
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
10
100/10,000
100/10,000
10
10/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
100
1
10
10
100
10
5,000
1,000
1*
1
100
100
10
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P089
P071
U183
U184
U185
U188
P202
P036
P092
P093
P094
P095
CAS No.
56-38-2
298-00-0
12002-03-8
19624-22-7
608-93-5
76-01-7
82-68-8
87-86-5
2570-26-5
79-121-0
85-01-8
108-95-2
4418-66-0
64-00-6
58-36-6
696-28-6
59-88-1
62-38-4
2097-19-0
103-85-5
298-02-2
4104-14-7
947-02-4
75-44-5
732-11-6
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A36
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Phosphamidon
Phosphine
Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, O-(4-nitrophenyl)
O-phenyl ester
Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, O-ethyl O-(4-
(methylthio)phenyl ester
Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(bis(l-
methylethyl)amino)ethyl O-ethyl ester
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid, dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl
ester
Phosphorothioc acid, O,O-diethyl, O-pyrazinyl
ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl-S-(2-
methylthio)ethyl est
Phosphorus
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus trichloride
Physostigmine
Physostigmine, salicylate (1:1)
Picric acid
Picrotoxin
Piperidine
Pirimifos-ethyl
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Potassium arsenate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100
500
500
500
100
500
500
500
100
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
1,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
5,000
100
1
1,000
100
1,000
1*
1*
1
1
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P096
P040
U189
P204
P188
CAS No.
13171-21-6
7803-51-2
2665-30-7
2703-13-1
50782-69-9
7664-38-2
3254-63-5
297-97-2
2587-90-8
7723-14-0
10025-87-3
10026-13-8
1314-80-3
7719-12-2
57-47-6
57-64-7
88-89-1
124-87-8
110-89-4
23505-41-1
1336-36-3
7784-41-0
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A37
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Potassium arsenite
Potassium bichromate
Potassium chromate
Potassium cyanide
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate
Potassium permanganate
Potassium silver cyanide
Promecarb
Pronamide
Propargite
Propargyl alcohol
Propargyl bromide
Propham
Propiolactone, beta-
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-
Propionic anhydride
Propionitrile
Propionitrile, 3-chloro-
Propiophenone, 4'-amino-
Propoxur
Propyl chloroformate
Propylene (Propene)
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500/10,000
100
500
500/10,000
10
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1
10
10
10
1,000
100
1
1*
5,000
10
1,000
1*
10
1,000
5,000
100
5,000
10
1,000
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P098
P099
P201
U192
P102
U373
P101
P027
U411
CAS No.
10124-50-2
7778-50-9
7789-00-6
151-50-8
1310-58-3
137-41-7
7722-64-7
506-61-6
2631-37-0
23950-58-5
2312-35-8
107-19-7
106-96-7
122-42-9
57-57-8
123-38-6
79-09-4
93-72-1
123-62-6
107-12-0
542-76-7
70-69-9
114-26-1
109-61-5
115-07-1
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A38
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Propylene oxide
Propyleneimine
Prothoate
Pyrene
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrins
Pyridine
Pyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinyl-
Pyridine, 4-amino-
Pyridine, 4-nitro-l -oxide
Pyriminil
Quinoline
Reserpine
Salcomine
Sarin
sec-Amyl acetate
sec-Butyl acetate
sec-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butylamine
sec-Butylamine
Selenious acid
Selenium
Selenium dioxide
Selenium oxychloride
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
10,000
10,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
10
1,000/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
1
5,000
1
1
1
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
10
100
10
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P067
U196
POOS
U200
U204
CAS No.
75-56-9
75-55-8
2275-18-5
129-00-0
121-21-1
121-29-9
8003-34-7
110-86-1
140-76-1
504-24-5
1124-33-0
53558-25-1
91-22-5
50-55-5
14167-18-1
107-44-8
626-38-0
105-46-4
78-92-2
13952-84-6
513-49-5
7783-00-8
7782-49-2
7446-08-4
7791-23-3
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A39
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Selenium sulfide
Selenourea
Semicarbazide hydrochloride
Silane, (4-aminobutyl) diethoxymethyl-
Silver
Silver cyanide
Silver nitrate
Simazine
Sodium
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium azide (Na(N3))
Sodium bichromate
Sodium bifluoride
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium cacodylate
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide (Na(CN))
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium fluoroacetate
Sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000/10,000
1,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
100
10/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
10
1,000
1,000
1
1
10
1
1
1,000
10
100
5,000
10
10
1,000
1,000
10
5,000
1,000
100
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U205
P103
P104
P105
P106
P058
CAS No.
7488-56-4
630-10-4
563-41-7
3037-72-7
7440-22-4
506-64-9
7761-88-8
122-34-9
7440-23-5
7631-89-2
7784-46-5
26628-22-8
10588-01-9
1333-83-1
7631-90-5
124-65-2
7775-11-3
143-33-9
25155-30-0
7681-49-4
62-74-8
16721-80-5
1310-73-2
10022-70-5
7681-52-9
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A40
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Sodium methylate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium pentachlorophenate
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium selenate
Sodium selenite
Sodium selenite
Sodium tellurite
Strannane, acetoxy-triphenyl-
Strontium chromate
Strychnine
Strychnine, sulfate
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Sulfotep
Sulfoxide, 3-chloropropyl octyl
Sulfur dioxide
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
100
10
10
10
1,000
100
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P108
P109
CAS No.
124-41-4
7632-00-0
131-52-2
10039-32-4
10140-65-5
7558-79-4
10101-89-0
10124-56-8
10361-89-4
7601-54-9
7758-29-4
7785-84-4
13410-01-0
10102-18-8
7782-82-3
10102-20-2
900-95-8
7789-06-2
57-24-9
60-41-3
100-42-5
96-09-3
3689-24-5
3569-57-1
7446-09-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A41
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Sulfur monochloride
Sulfur tetrafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (aerosol forms only)
Sulfuric acid (fuming)
Tabun
Tellurium hexafluoride
Terbufos
tert-Amyl acetate
tert-Butyl acetate
tert-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butylamine
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachlorvinphos
Tetraethyl lead
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Tetraethyl tin
Tetramethyl lead
Tetranitromethane
Thallic oxide
Thallium
Thallium (I) carbonate
Thallium (I) sulfate
Thallium (I) nitrate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
100
100
100
500
100
100
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
100
10
100
10
100
1,000
100
100
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U210
P110
Pill
PI 12
P113
U215
U217
CAS No.
12771-08-3
7783-60-0
7446-11-9
7664-93-9
7664-93-9
8014-95-7
77-81-6
7783-80-4
13071-79-9
625-16-1
540-88-5
75-65-0
75-64-9
127-18-4
961-11-5
78-00-2
107-49-3
597-64-8
75-74-1
509-14-8
1314-32-5
7440-28-0
6533-73-9
10031-59-1
10102-45-1
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A42
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Thallium (I) selenide
Thallous chloride
Thallous malonate
Thallous sulfate
Thiocarbazide
Thiodicarb
Thiofanox
Thiophanate-methyl
Thiophenol
Thiosemicarbazide
Thiourea
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)-
Thiourea, (2- methylphenyl)-
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate
Toxaphene (Campheclor)
Trans- 1 ,4-dichlorobutene
Triallate
Triamiphos
Triaziquone
Triazofos
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
100
500
100
500/10,000
500
500/10,000
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
100
100
1*
100
1*
100
100
10
100
10
1,000
100
100
1
1*
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P114
U216
P115
U410
P045
U409
POM
P116
U219
P026
U244
P123
U389
CAS No.
12039-52-0
2,151,976
2757-18-8
7446-18-6
2231-57-4
59669-26-0
39196-18-4
23564-05-8
108-98-5
79-19-6
62-56-6
5344-82-1
614-78-8
137-26-8
1314-20-1
13463-67-7
7550-45-0
584-84-9
91-08-7
8001-35-2
110-57-6
2303-17-5
1031-47-6
68-76-8
24017-47-8
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A43
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Trichlorfon
Trichloroacetyl chloride
Trichloro(chloromethyl) silane
Trichloro(dichlorophenyl) silane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylsilane
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC- 11)
Trichloronate
Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenylsilane
Triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate
Triethoxy silane
Triethylamine
Trifluralin
Trimethylamine
Trimethylchlorosilane
Trimethylolpropane phosphite
Trimethyltin chloride
Triphenyltin chloride
Tris(2-chloroethyl) amine
Trypan blue
Uracil mustard
Uranyl acetate
Uranyl nitrate
Uranyl nitrate
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
100
500
500
500
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
100
100
5,000
10
1,000
5,000
10
100
10
10
100
100
100
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
U228
U121
U404
U236
U237
CAS No.
52-68-6
76-02-8
1558-25-4
27137-85-5
79-01-6
115-21-9
75-69-4
327-98-0
25167-82-2
98-13-5
27323-41-7
998-30-1
121-44-8
1582-09-8
75-50-3
75-77-4
824-11-3
1066-45-1
639-58-7
555-77-1
72-57-1
66-75-1
541-09-3
10102-06-4
36478-76-9
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A44
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Valinomycin
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadyl sulfate
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Warfarin
Warfarin and salts, cone. > 0.3%
Warfarin sodium
Xylenol
Xylylene dichloride
Zinc
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc acetate
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc borate
Zinc bromide
Zinc carbonate
Zinc chloride
Zinc cyanide
Zinc, dichloro(4,4-dimethyl-
5(((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)imino)
pentanenitrile)-, (T-4)-
Zinc fluoride
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
1,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
5,000
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10
1,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P120
P001
P001
P121
CAS No.
2001-95-8
7440-62-2
1314-62-1
27774-13-6
108-05-4
593-60-2
81-81-2
81-81-2
129-06-6
1300-71-6
28347-13-9
7440-66-6
7440-66-6
557-34-6
52628-25-8
14639-97-5
14639-98-6
1332-07-6
7699-45-8
3486-35-9
7646-85-7
557-21-1
58270-08-9
7783-49-5
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A45
-------
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under CERCLA
Appendix A: Consolidated List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities Under
CERCLA and EPCRA
(NOTE: This list is constantly changing; consult the Federal Register for the most up-to-date information.)
Chemical Name
Zinc formate
Zinc hydrosulfite
Zinc nitrate
Zinc phenolsulfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc silicofluoride
Zinc sulfate
Zineb
Ziram
Zirconium nitrate
Zirconium potassium fluoride
Zirconium sulfate
Zirconium tetrachloride
Extremely
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 355
(TPQ, Ibs.)
500
Hazardous
Substances
40 CFR 302.4
(RQ, Ibs.)
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
100
5,000
1,000
1*
5,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
Toxic
Chemicals 40
CFR
372.65(a)
X
Hazardous
Materials
which are
RCRA
wastes
P122
P205
CAS No.
557-41-5
7779-86-4
7779-88-6
127-82-2
1314-84-7
16871-71-9
7733-02-0
12122-67-7
137-30-4
13746-89-9
16923-95-8
14644-61-2
10026-11-6
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
A46
-------
9451.1996(05)
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
May 1, 1996
Thank you for your letter of March 21, 1996 to President Clinton requesting information about the
management of hazardous waste generated in quantities less than 1OO kilograms. Specifically, you ask why
hazardous waste is thrown away with ordinary garbage and what happens to the waste when it is thrown
away.
Generators of less than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste per month are currently referred to as
"conditionally exempt small quantity generators" (CESQGs) and are exempt from many of the hazardous
waste regulations found at Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Although they are exempt from the
majority of hazardous waste regulations, these generators are still subject to some requirements. First, they
must identify their wastes to determine whether they are hazardous; second, they cannot accumulate more
than 1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste at any time; and third, they must either treat or dispose of the waste
onsite, or ensure that it is sent to a permitted hazardous waste management facility, a permitted municipal or
industrial solid waste facility, or a recycling facility. Therefore CESQGs are not exempted outright, but are
exempted on the condition that the waste is managed at an approved facility. These provisions were intended
to assure that human health and the environment are protected.
Additionally, federal regulations allow states to adopt more stringent regulations if they choose, and some
states have chosen not to exempt CESQGs from many of the hazardous waste generator requirements. These
requirements are imposed through state municipal or industrial waste registration programs.
When designing the hazardous waste management program in the late 1970s, EPA chose 100 kilograms as
the point at which significant regulation would apply because it sought to exclude from the regulations
persons whose generation of hazardous waste does not pose a substantial threat to human health or the
environment. At that time more than 90 percent of 1he hazardous waste was generated by large quantity
generators. The Agency believes that in order to be as effective as possible at implementing the hazardous
waste program with limited resources, it must focus on those generators who generate hazardous waste in
significant quantities, rather than attempt to cover every generator of hazardous waste (there are more than
215,000 hazardous waste generators who generate greater than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste per year
and between 455,000 and 700,000 CESQGs in the U.S.). By excluding CESQGs from most hazardous waste
regulations, EPA is able to focus on the overall environmental objectives of the Agency.
Additionally, small amounts of hazardous wastes may be included in household wastes which are currently
not regulated under EPA's hazardous waste requirements. Many state and local governments impose
regulations governing the disposal of household wastes and may organize collection centers for household
hazardous wastes. In addition EPA has issued standards for municipal solid waste landfills. These
requirements for municipal landfills which are implemented by the states, are structured so that the public is
protected from potential hazards associated with landfills that receive hazardous waste. These landfills are
subject to requirements that minimize hazards including location restrictions (e.g., they cannot be located
near flood plains or faults), operating criteria (e.g., they must be covered every day), and strict groundwater
monitoring requirements. These measures help ensure that the hazardous waste that ends up in landfills does
not pose a threat to human health and the environment.
We hope this information addresses your concerns.
Sincerely yours,
Michael Shapiro, Director
Office of Solid Waste
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Administrator
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 100-B-98-004
May 1999
www.epa.gov
Child Health Champion
Resource Guide
-------
DISCLAIMER:
This document has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The contents do not necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the U.S. EPA, nor does mention of any trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
The resources contained in this Guide were obtained though a variety of sources
including those provided by members of EPA's Children's Health Protection
Advisory Committee. There are undoubtedly many additional resources that
would be very useful to communities, which are not included here. We will
include additional resources in future updates of this Guide.
-------
HOW TO USE THIS RESOURCE GUIDE:
This Resource Guide was developed as part of U.S. EPA's Child Health Champion Campaign—a
program designed to empower local citizen's and communities to take steps toward protecting
their children from environmental health threats. It includes descriptions of 241 resources that may
be of interest to communities participating in the Child Health Champion Campaign. The resources
are organized by the following categories and subcategories, as indicated in the Table of Contents:
! Air
R Air Quality
R Ozone/UV Radiation
! Contaminants
R Lead
R Pesticides
R General Toxics
! Environmental Education and Community Organization
! Food
! Health End Points
R Asthma
R Birth Defects
R Cancer
R General
! Indoor Environment
R Homes
R Schools
R Other Buildings
R Indoor Air Quality
R Radon
R Tobacco Smoke
R General
Water
Other Resources
In some instances, individual resources could be included in more than one category. However, to
preserve space, these resources are placed in the category that best describes them. The Abstract
and/or Content sections for each resource indicate the additional categories that are applicable to
the resource.
An Index is provided at the back of this Guide to assist readers in identifying resources using
alternative terms. For example, if readers are looking for resources that are available in a foreign
language, or teaching materials that can be used in the classroom, they can refer to the Index,
which will indicate the page(s) where such resources can be found.
Seven icons are used in the report to illustrate to readers the resource type. A description of each
icon is provided on the next page.
-------
ICONS USED IN THIS RESOURCE GUIDE:
> Book or booklet
\7
> Informational pamphlet
>. Three-ring binder notebook
CD-ROM
Instructional guidebook
Poster
OTHER Other resources, including, but not limited to, fact sheets, information kits,
teaching guides, research articles, toxicological profiles, and strategic plans.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AIR 1
AIR QUALITY 1
Your Smog Action Guide 1
There's Change In The Air 1
Clearing the Air Special Edition: Breathless 2
Achieving Clean Air...Together 3
Join Smogbusters! 3
Smogbusters Coloring Book 4
Where Does it Hurt? Answers to Questions About Smog and Health 4
Playing it Safe on Smoggy Days 5
Hazard in the Haze (A Special Reprint) 6
Si Vives En El Alto Manhattan, Respirar Es Un Riesgo.
El Humo Del Autobus Diesel Puede Matar 6
Air Quality and the Impact of Mobile Sources Outreach and Partnerships 7
Cleaner Cars Module 8
Pollution Prevention (P2) Toolbox: Tools for Helping Teachers Integrate
P2 Concepts in the Classroom 9
Acid Rain: A Student's First Sourcebook 10
Clearing the Air: Facts and Fiction 10
OZONE/UV RADIATION 11
Ozone Action Days: A Special Alert for People with Asthma and Other Respiratory
Problems 11
Be Cool; Cover Up! 12
EPA's Sunwise School Program Fact Sheet 12
The Sun, UV, and You: A Guide To The UV Index and
Sun-Safe Behavior 13
Ultraviolet Index: What You Need To Know 14
Be Safe in the Sun! The SunWise School Program 14
Block the Sun, Not the Fun! 15
Practice Safe Sun 16
Ultraviolet (UV) Index Forecast 17
What is the Ultraviolet (UV) Index? 17
UV Radiation 18
Ozone Depletion 19
Health Effects of Overexposure to the Sun 19
Action Steps for Sun Protection 20
Sun Protection for Children 21
CONTAMINANTS 22
LEAD 22
Residential Lead Hazard Control Reference Library 22
Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home 23
Lead Poisoning And Your Children 24
Building Bright Beginnings—Indiana I Am Your Child Coalition 24
Getting the Lead Out—The Complete Resource on How to Prevent and
Cope with Lead Poisoning 25
Lead-Safe Homes and Healthy Families: Support for Lead Safe Housing 26
Connecting Points For Healthy Kids: A Quick Check Reference For Medical Providers . . 27
Sixteenth Street Community Health Center 28
Lead and Human Health 29
Information on Lead Paint From The City and County of San Francisco's
-------
Department of Health 30
Maintaining a Lead Safe Home 30
Derek the Dinosaur's Coloring Book About Lead 31
Childhood Lead Poisoning: Information For Advocacy and Action 32
Sesame Street Lead Away! 33
Lead In Your Home: A Parent's Reference Guide 34
Healthy Beginnings: Lead Safe Families 35
Let's Get The Lead Out! 36
Lead in American Schools: What School Districts Should and Should Not Do 37
Healthy Yard, Toxic Yard 37
Lead: A Cross Program Strategy 38
Reducing Lead Hazards When Remodeling Your Home 39
Does Your Child...; You Can't Ignore Lead Poisoning...; and Before You Paint 39
Be Safe with Lead-Man 40
Finding a Qualified Lead Professional for Your Home 41
Making Your Kids and Your Home Safe from Lead Poisoning 41
Children and Lead? A Guide for Parents and Day Care Providers 42
Lead—Is Your Child at Risk? 43
Lead-Free Kids, Lead-Free Homes 43
No Lead Because We Know Lead 44
Multi-Reel "Lead Poisoning PSAs" (with Phylicia Rashad) 45
Protecting Your Child From Lead Poisoning 45
PESTICIDES 46
U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs "Care Package" 46
Use Least Toxic Pest Controls 48
IPM for Schools: A How-to Manual 48
Anne Arundel County Public Schools Integrated Pest Management Plan and
Pest Management Practices 49
Pesticides In The Home: Some Tips About Pesticides and Their Alternatives 50
To Spray or Not To Spray 50
Designer Poisons: How To Protect Your Health and Home From Toxic Pesticides 51
Pesticide Education Center: Consumer Pesticide Safety Series #1, General Information . . 52
Pesticide Exposure and Cancer in Children: Summary of Selected Studies 53
Putting Children First: Making Pesticide Levels in Food Safer for Infants & Children .... 53
Pesticide Information Package 54
Pest Control in the School Environment: Adopting Integrated Pest Management 55
Estrogenic Pesticides: What You Need to Know and What You Need to Do 56
Solutions 57
Materials from the New York Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides 58
Children, Pesticides, and Schools: What You Can Do To Protect Your Children
From the Harmful Effects Of Pesticides In Schools 58
Pesticide Poisoning Action Guide for Agricultural Pesticides in the Midwest 59
Healthy Lawn, Healthy Environment: Caring For Your Lawn in an
Environmentally Friendly Way 60
For Your Information: Using Insect Repellents Safely 61
For Your Information: Pesticides and Child Safety 62
Ten Tips To Protect Children From Pesticide And Lead Poisonings Around the Home ... 62
Emergency Action Guide For Pesticide Incidents 63
Pesticides and Children: What the Pediatric Practitioner Should Know 64
ESL For Farm Safety 65
Radio Pesticida Worker Protection Kit 65
Radio Pestisid Worker Protection Kit 66
GENERAL TOXICS 67
Home SAFE Home & Related Projects 67
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Toxicological Profile for Chlorpyrifos 68
Risk Assessment: A Flexible Approach To Problem Solving 69
Environmental Defense Fund Chemical Score Card Fact Sheet 70
Toxicology for the Citizen 71
ATSDR ToxFAQs™ Sheets 71
Uptown Eye 72
Wood Preservatives For Applicators 73
HAZ-ED Classroom Activities for Understanding Hazardous Waste 74
Warning: It's dazzling, It's slick, It's awesome, It's MERCURY.... and It can kill you! ... 75
ATSDR and EPA Warn the Public About Continuing Patterns of
Metallic Mercury Exposure 76
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION 77
Environmental Education Materials: Guidelines for Excellence 77
SALTA: An Environmental Justice and Community Organizing Training Manual 78
Community Services Division of the National Association of Counties 79
Healthy Communities • Healthy Youth: A National Initiative of the
Search Institute to Unite Communities for Children and Adolescents 80
National PTA Leader's Guide to Environmental Issues—Workshop Presentation Kit .... 81
National PTA—Advocacy Training Manual 82
An Ounce of Prevention Keeps The Germs Away 83
Partners In Action For Teen Health (PATH) 83
Healthy Child Care America Campaign 84
Understanding Environmental Health Risks—Teacher's Manual 85
Workshop and Grantee Meeting: K-12 Environmental Health Science Education 86
Community-Based Environmental Protection: A Resource Book for Protecting
Ecosystems and Communities 87
National PTA Initiatives of the Education Commission, 1997-1998 88
Information from the National Coalition of Hispanic Health and
Human Services Organizations 89
Community Partnerships for Healthy Children: An Initiative of the
Sierra Health Foundation 90
The 1997 Paul G. Keough Earth Artists Program 91
Resource Guide on Children's Environmental Health 91
Youth and the Environment Training and Employment Program 92
Decisions Based on Science 93
Urban Runoff Management Information/Education Products 94
How to Put Together a Competitive Environmental Education Proposal 95
Grant Funding for Your Environmental Education Program: Strategies and Options 95
The Superfund Jobs Training Initiative (Super JTI) 96
A Guide to Environmental Education Resources 97
School Recycling Programs: A Handbook for Educators 97
The San Francisco Healthy Children's Community Collaboration's
Application for Funding to the Environmental Protection Agency 98
FOOD 99
Fight Bac!™: Keep Food Safe From Bacteria 99
How To Help Avoid Foodborne Illness In The Home 100
"Overexposed: Organophosphate Insecticides in Children's Food" 101
Feeding Baby Safely: Facts, Fads, and Fallacies 102
Does Nature Know Best? Natural Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens In America's Food 102
Growing Food Crops on City Lots 103
A Taste of English 104
The Farmworker Nutrition Education Resource Guide 104
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Radio Nutricion Service Provider's Kit 105
Radio Nutricion Supplemental Edition 106
HEALTH END POINTS 107
ASTHMA 107
Occupational Asthma 107
Allergies in Children: Guidelines For Parents 107
How To Help Your Child With Asthma: Guidelines For Parents 108
Captain America 109
Zap Asthma 109
Resource Directory: A Guide to Asthma Programs and Services 110
Asthma: Learning to Control Your Symptoms 111
Breathe Easy: Young People's Guide to Asthma 112
Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus 112
Asthma and the Role of Air Pollution 113
BIRTH DEFECTS 114
March of Dimes Public Health Educational Materials Catalog 114
CANCER 115
Handle With Care: Children and Environmental Carcinogens 115
Cancer and the Environment: What the Primary Care Physician Should Know 115
GENERAL 116
ATSDR Child Health Initiative—Inventory of Child Health Activities 1997 116
Priorities in Caring For Your Children: A Primer For Parents 117
Environmental Health Threats to Children, 1996 118
The ABCs Of Clean 119
Clean And Safe: The Facts About Using Household Cleaning Products
Effectively And Safely 119
Environmental Diseases from A to Z 120
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT 121
HOMES 121
Master Home Environmentalist Program 121
Master Home Environmentalist: Do-it-yourself Home Environmental Assessment
List (HEAL) 122
Home Safe Home For Your Explorer 123
The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality 123
How Healthy is the Air in Your Home? A Room-By-Room Checklist For Your
Home's Indoor Air 125
Biological Pollutants in Your Home 125
Home Controls of Allergies and Asthma 126
Healthy Indoor Air for America's Homes—An Indoor Air Quality
Training Handbook for State Program Managers and Community Educators ... 127
Homeowner's Guide to Ventilation 128
Raising Children Toxic Free: A Parents Checklist of Household Environmental Hazards 129
Safe Homes: Suggestions for Reduction of Potential Pollutant Sources
to Help Ensure Safe Air Quality in Private Homes 130
The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality 131
SCHOOLS 132
Open Airways For Schools Program 132
Impact of an Infection Control Program in a Specialized Preschool, American
Journal of Infection Control, Volume 24, No. 3, 167-173 133
New York Healthy Schools Network 134
Indoor Air Quality Tools For Schools 134
Indoor Air Quality Management Program 136
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The ABC's of Asbestos In Schools 136
Environmental Hazards in Your School: A Resource Handbook 137
OTHER BUILDINGS 138
Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Hospitals 138
A Compilation of Indoor Air Quality Fact Sheets 139
INDOOR AIR QUALITY 140
What You Should Know About Combustion Appliances and Indoor Air Pollution 140
Indoor Air Quality - Desk Reference 140
How's Your School's I(A)Q? 141
Indoor Air Quality in Schools: A Fact Sheet for Parents 142
Indoor Air Quality Basics for Schools 142
Children and the Indoor Environment Activities 143
RADON 144
Reducing Radon Risks 144
A Citizen's Guide to Radon: The Guide To Protecting Yourself And
Your Family From Radon (Second Edition) 145
The Radon Student Activity Book 146
Radon Measurement in Schools: Revised Edition 146
Reducing Radon In Schools: A Team Approach 147
Radon in Schools (Second Edition): Every School Should Take this Simple Test 148
Radon Public Service Announcement: "Dust Particles" 149
Radon Awareness Coloring Book 150
El Radon/A Guide to Radon 150
Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon 151
Reducing Radon Risks 152
A Physician's Guide to Radon 153
A Radon Guide for Tenants 153
TOBACCO SMOKE 154
Children & Tobacco: A Guide to the New Federal Regulations 154
Environmental Tobacco Smoke, A Danger To Children: Guidelines For Parents 155
Marketing Cigarettes To Kids 156
Proteja A Su Familia... Ese Humo Es Una Amenza 156
Secondhand Smoke: What You Can do About Secondhand Smoke as Parents,
Decision Makers, and Building Occupants 157
"Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Other Indoor Air Pollution Problems
Affecting Children" Speaker's Kit 158
Rex Ronan, Experimental Surgeon 159
GENERAL 160
Creating Indoor Air Quality Programs in Low Income Communities and
Communities of Color—An Organizer's Handbook 160
The Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse 161
Teacher's Guide to Indoor Air Pollutants 162
Indoor Air Community Leader Kit for Women and Children 163
WATER 164
1998 Blue Thumb Kit: Ride the Water Cycle, Drinking Water Week, May 3-9, 1998 . . 164
Ground Water: The Hidden Resource (Middle School Edition) 165
Give Water A Hand: A National Youth Program For Local Environmental Action 166
Protecting Our Ground Water 166
The Water Sourcebook (Grades 3-5) 167
The Water Sourcebook (Grades 9-12) 168
Groundwater: A Citizen's Guide 169
The Safe Drinking Water Act and Regulatory Flexibility: Changing the Rules 170
Protect Your Groundwater: Educating For Action 171
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Kids For Saving Earth: The Pollution Solution 171
1998 Groundwater Guardian Assistance Kit 172
Groundwater & Surface Water: Understanding The Interaction 174
National Water Quality Inventory 1994 Report to Congress 175
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Publications 175
Desdemona's Splash 176
Water Resources Education Posters 177
That Magnificent Ground Water Connection 178
A World in Our Backyard 178
Drinking Water Activities for Teachers and Students 180
Enviroscape II 181
We All Live Downstream 181
OTHER RESOURCES 182
The EPA Children's Environmental Health Yearbook 182
Your Child And The Environment: Guidelines For Parents 183
Home*A*Syst: An Environmental Risk-Assessment Guide For The Home 184
The Healthy Home Handbook 185
Raising Children Toxic Free 186
Healthy Homes, Healthy Kids: Protecting Your Children From Everyday
Environmental Hazards 186
Our Children at Risk: The 5 Worst Environmental Threats to Their Health 187
EPA Strategic Plan 188
No Kidding Around: America's Young Activists Are Changing Our World and
You Can Too 189
Software for Environmental Awareness 190
Resources for Schools 191
Healthy Steps: Child Health and Development Record 192
Environmental Health Center's EnvironMinutes Kid's Corner 193
What to do About Hazardous Chemical Emergencies 194
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Educational Materials Catalog
for Professionals 194
INDEX 196
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AIR
AIR QUALITY
YOUR SMOG ACTION GUIDE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
The Ozone Mapping Project— a partnership with U.S. EPA,
the Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association, Northeast States
for Coordinated Air Use Management, and the Ozone Transport
Commission
Information not available
Air Quality Hotline
(800)821-1237
U.S. EPA Ground Level Ozone Information:
Content:
Abstract:
http://www.epa.gov/region01/eco/ozone/
Information not available
Tri-fold brochure with information about smog
Residents in the New England area
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
This brochure explains what you should know about smog, how smog can make you
sick, and how to minimize the danger of smog. It also includes information about the
Ozone Map, a new smog alert technology that provides vital information needed to
protect individuals from unhealthy air quality.
THERE'S CHANGE IN THE AIR
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
The Clean Air Partners, which is comprised of U.S. EPA
Region 1, Massachusetts Port Authority, New England Electric System
Companies, Boston Edison Company, and the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts
Information not available
Clean Air Partners
(800)821-1237 (option #6)
Clean Air Partners Web Site:
http://www.cleanfuels.com
Information not available
1
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Four-fold brochure that provides information in English and Spanish on
Boston Logan Airport's use of "clean fuels" in their shuttle buses, water
taxis, cars, and boats.
Residents of Boston and surrounding areas
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: This brochure highlights The Clean Air Partners' effort to reduce air pollution through
the use of clean fuels in Boston Logan Airport's transportation vehicles. It includes
information on how clean fuels protect health, and the benefits of using compressed
natural gas, electricity, and biodiesel.
CLEARING THE AIR SPECIAL EDITION: BREATHLESS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Coalition for Clean Air
Spring 1997
Coalition for Clean Air
901 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 350
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Phone: (310)260-4770
Fax: (310) 260-4774
E-mail: airclean@igc.apc.org
Information not available
Information not available
Newsletter for the general public that focuses on particulate matter.
Residents of Southern California
Facts on particulate matter, brief question-and-answer section written by
a doctor, and simple tips to increase your safety. Also includes a one-
page fact sheet and a small, colorful poster with information and tips on
particulate matter intended for home or classroom. A list of sources for
further information is provided.
Abstract: This booklet uses Southern California as its reference point but the information on
particulate matter is probably broadly applicable. It describes the problems and some
easy solutions for particulate matter in a concise manner.
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
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ACHIEVING CLEAN AIR... TOGETHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Coalition for Clean Air
Information not available
Coalition for Clean Air
10780 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 210
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: (310)441-1544
Fax: (310)446-4362
E-mail: airclean@igc.apc.org
Information not available
Information not available
Four-fold brochure describing the Coalition for Clean Air.
Residents living in Southern California.
Information on the Coalition for Clean Air, what one can do about air
pollution, how air pollution intensifies asthma, and how to get involved
and support community clean air programs.
Abstract: The Coalition for Clean Air is dedicated to restoring clean, healthful air to Southern
Californians by organizing broad-based community involvement, advocating
responsible public health policy, and providing a source for technical and educational
expertise. It publishes a newsletter and brochures, sponsors a Speakers' Bureau
Program, and answers public information requests daily free of charge.
JOIN SMOGBUSTERS!
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
South Coast Air Quality Management District
June 1994
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Public Information Center
P.O. Box 4937
Diamond Bar, CA 91765-0937
Phone: (909) 396-2000
South Coast Air Quality Management District Home Page:
http://www.aqmd.gov/
Information not available
15-page activity book for children.
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Target Audience:
Content:
Children living in Southern California
Information on air pollution, including puzzles, science experiments,
activities, and information for teachers.
Abstract: The purpose of this booklet is to provide a colorful, kid-friendly book of information on
air pollution, where it comes from, and what can be done about it.
SMOGBUSTERS COLORING BOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
South Coast Air Quality Management District
July 1988
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Public Information Center
P.O. Box 4937
Diamond Bar, CA 91765-0937
Phone: (909) 396-2000
South Coast Air Quality Management District Home Page:
http://www.aqmd.gov/
Information not available
A coloring book intended to educate children about air pollution
problems and solutions in Southern California.
Children living in Southern California
22 pages of line drawings and text.
Abstract: This coloring book is targeted at elementary school aged children living in Southern
California. It describes symptoms of exposure to air pollution, sources of pollution, and
strategies for avoiding illness.
WHERE DOES IT HURT? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ABOUT SMOG
AND HEALTH
Developer/Publisher: South Coast Air Quality Management District
Date Developed: 1989
-------
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Public Information Center
P.O. Box 4937
Diamond Bar, CA 91765-0937
Phone: (909) 396-2000
South Coast Air Quality Management District Home Page:
http://www.aqmd.gov/
Information not available
36-page booklet targeted at concerned citizens that provides an
overview of conditions and a brief discussion on scientific findings
related to the current air quality in Southern California.
Residents of Southern California
Descriptions of the sources of air pollution and evaluations of air quality
standards.
Abstract: This booklet provides information on five pollutants—ozone, nitrogen oxide, carbon
monoxide, particulate matter, and hydrocarbons—and their sources. It examines the
effects of each of these pollutants on sensitive populations, including children. It offers
some brief abstracts on U.S. EPA studies of air pollution problems.
PLAYING IT SAFE ON SMOGGY DAYS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
South Coast Air Quality Management District
March 1992
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Public Information Center
P.O. Box 4937
Diamond Bar, CA 91765-0937
Phone: (909) 396-2000
South Coast Air Quality Management District Home Page:
http://www.aqmd.gov/
Information not available
Poster for children.
Information for children on air pollution, exercise, and health
This illustrated poster consists of lists of bullets on what smog does to
the lungs, heart, blood, brain, and immune and nervous systems. It also
-------
provides a pollutant-standards index, contacts for additional information,
further explanations of risk, and avoidance strategies.
Abstract: (See Content section)
HAZARD IN THE HAZE (A SPECIAL REPRINT)
Developer/Publisher: The Press Enterprise
1996
OTHER
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The Press Enterprise
Phone: (800) 228-3483
The Press Enterprise Home Page:
http://www.enterpe.com
Information not available
Eight-page newspaper focusing on health problems caused by smog, the
politics surrounding the issue, and solutions to particle pollution.
General Public
Consists of articles on smog, health risks, medical information, case
histories, and a forecast for future progress.
Abstract: This collection of articles covers a full spectrum of issues and anecdotal information
related to air pollution and amelioration strategies. It provides information on the
causes and health effects associated with dust and chemicals in the air.
Si VIVES EN EL ALTO MANHATTAN, RESPIRAR Es UN RIESGO.
EL HUMO DEL AUTOBUS DIESEL PUEDE MATAR
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
West Harlem Environmental ACTion
1997
West Harlem Environmental ACTion
271 West 125th Street, Suite 211
New York, NY 10027
Phone: (212)961-1000
Fax: (212)961-1015
E-Mail: WHEACT@IGC.APC.ORG
Web Site:
Information not available
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Four-fold brochure written in Spanish that provides information on
particulate matter produced by diesel buses in New York City.
Residents living in Upper Manhattan, and others interested in air
pollution in New York City
Content: Information on the danger of particulate matter produced by New York's
diesel buses.
Abstract: West Harlem Environmental ACTion (WE ACT) was created in 1988 to educate
community members about the environmental issues with which they are faced, and
organize them to address their concerns. This brochure provides information on the
dangers of particulate matter produced by New York City's diesel buses, and the
benefits of buses that use natural gas.
AIR QUALITY AND THE IMPACT OF MOBILE SOURCES OUTREACH JQTHER
AND PARTNERSHIPS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Sources
1997-1998
Susan Bullard
Director of Outreach and Communication
U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Sources
401 M Street, SW (6401)
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202)260-2614
Fax: (202) 260-6011
E-Mail: bullard.susan@epamail.epa.gov
U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Sources Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/omswww
Not applicable
Listing of current outreach projects funded through U.S. EPA's Office of
Mobile Sources.
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Abstract: Beginning in 1997 and 1998, U.S. EPA's Office of Mobile Sources entered into
agreements and established partnerships with a number of organizations to: 1) provide
national support for community-based mobile source public education efforts and, 2)
encourage responsible choices for organizational and individual actions through public
7
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education. This listing of current outreach projects emphasizes: transportation choices;
education of vehicle owners and future drivers; car care and the role of the automotive
technician; and related projects, such as ozone mapping and small engines.
CLEANER CARS MODULE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center
Information not available
Environmental Health Center
A Division of the National Safety Council
1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 293-2270
fax: (202) 293-0032
National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center Home Page:
http://www.nsc.org/ehc.htm
Abstract:
U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Sources Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/OMSWWW/omshome.htm
Information not available
Learning module in notebook form aimed at increasing awareness and
knowledge of air quality and mobile source emissions issues by drivers.
It includes information on driving smart and actions individuals can take
to reduce emissions.
New and future drivers
The following resource materials are contained in this module:
! Educational wheel
! Interactive computer program: "Cleaner Car Trivia"
! Video: "Exhausted: Clearing the Air, About Auto Emissions"
! Background information on air pollution, the Clean Air Act, and
emissions from cars
! Brief description of inspection and maintenance programs
! Checklist for buying a better/cleaner car, maintaining a car, and
maintaining vehicle air conditioning systems
! Information on the health effects of car emissions, determining fuel
efficiency, electric vehicles, and recycling auto fluids
The National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center developed this module to
teach beginner drivers how to responsibly maintain their cars, and explains the
environmental and health impacts of these actions. It is hoped that this module will
instill responsible maintenance habits, which will be continued throughout years of
driving.
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POLLUTION PREVENTION (P2) TOOLBOX: TOOLS FOR HELPING
TEACHERS INTEGRATE P2 CONCEPTS IN THE CLASSROOM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. EPA Region 5
Information not available
For additional information on pollution prevention, contact the
following people in the U.S. EPA Region 5 Office:
! Phil Kaplan, Pollution Prevention Coordinator, (312) 353-4669
! Helen Tsiapias, Beneficial Landscaping/Native Landscaping
Program, (312)886-7901
! Suzanne Saric, Environmental Education Coordinator, (312) 353-
3209
! Audrie Washington, Indoor Air/Energy Efficiency Group, (312) 886-
0669
Pollution Prevention Toolbox Web Site:
http://www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/p2pages/toolbox.htm
The toolbox is available for free off the Internet (see web site address
above).
A series of four-page lesson plans on various pollution prevention
concepts in schools.
Teachers who want to integrate pollution prevention concepts into their
classrooms
(See Abstract section)
This toolbox contains a series of four-page fact sheets on various pollution prevention
concepts in schools. Each fact sheet is designed to provide information on how
students and teachers can prevent pollution. These fact sheets cover the following
topics: Pollution Prevention; Household Hazardous Waste Reduction; Pesticides
Reduction; Energy Conservation; Water Pollution Prevention and Conservation; and
Pollution Prevention in Schools. The toolbox also includes a list of U.S. EPA Region 5
pollution prevention contacts and a list of other resources related to pollution
prevention.
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ACID RAIN: A STUDENT'S FIRST SOURCEBOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
July 1990
Office of Research and Development
Distribution Unit
U.S. EPA
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Information not available
Free
A 59-page study guide on acid rain.
4th-8th grade students and their teachers
Text, charts, graphs, pictures, activities, and experiments on acid rain.
Abstract: The purpose of this sourcebook is to help students better understand the science,
citizen action, and research issues that are part of the acid rain problem. The book
contains various concepts concerning acid rain along with definitions, activities, and
experiments all designed to give the student a better understanding of the acid rain
problem and raise a greater interest in its resolution.
CLEARING THE AIR: FACTS AND FICTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
Information not available
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1101 14th Street, NW
Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202)898-0150
Fax: (202)898-0172
Physicians for Social Responsibility:
http:/www.psr.org
Information not available
Two-fold brochure explaining the facts regarding EPA's proposed new
standards for air pollutants, such as ozone and fine particulates, in
response to industry statements opposing the new standards.
10
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Target Audience:
Content:
General Public
Facts about air quality.
Abstract: This brochure addresses five statements from industries that have launched an assault
on EPA's proposed new air quality standards.
OZONE/UV RADIATION
OZONE ACTION DAYS: A SPECIAL ALERT FOR PEOPLE WITH
ASTHMA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 5
May 1995
For more information, contact your State air pollution control agency or
U.S. EPA:
! Illinois EPA: (217) 782-5562
! Indiana Department of Environmental Management:
(800)451-6027
! Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: (608) 266-7718
! U.S. EPA: (800)621-8431
Information on Ozone Action Day:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/reg5oair/naaqs/o3info.htm
Brochure Text:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/reg5oair/naaqs/o3asthma.htm
Information not available
Bi-Fold brochure with information about Ozone pollution.
General Public
Brief information about ozone pollution, a list of ozone health facts, and
contact information.
Abstract: Ground-level ozone, the main ingredient in smog that can cause damage to your
lungs, is a significant health problem in many Midwest cities during the summer
months. Because of this problem, several cities have organized Ozone Action Day
programs in which citizens, businesses, local, State and Federal governments, and
health and environmental organizations are asked to take voluntary actions to help
reduce ozone forming emissions on Ozone Action Days.
11
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BE COOL; COVER UP!
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 5
Information not available
U.S. EPA Region 5
Publications Office
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
(800)621-8431
(Refer to Publication Number: EPA 905-H-93-002)
Information not available
Information not available
Poster illustrating how people can protect themselves from the sun.
General Public
Poster illustrating how people can protect themselves from the sun, with
information on the back side on which chemicals affect the ozone; what
is being done to control ozone-depleting chemicals; and what can be
done to help protect the ozone later.
Abstract: (See Content section)
EPA rs SUNWISE SCHOOL PROGRAM FACT SHEET
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA
Information not available
Maura Cantor, Director, SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street SW. (6205J)
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
U.S. EPA's Sunwise Program Web Site:
http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/index.html
Information not available
One-page fact sheet describing the Sunwise School Program.
General Public
12
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Content: Information on the Sunwise School Program and the UV Index.
Abstract: The Sunwise School Program is an educational program for elementary school aged
children. It aims to teach school children and their care givers about the health risks
posed by ultraviolet radiation so that they can make informed decisions that will lower
their overexposure to the sun. Sunwise Partnership Schools participate in activities that
foster children's awareness and teach simple steps to avoid overexposure (e.g., daily
reporting of the UV Index, "Wear Sunglasses Day," and community outreach.)
THE SUN, UV, AND You: A GUIDE To THE UV INDEX AND
SUN-SAFE BEHAVIOR
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
September 1995
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 430-K-95-005)
Ordering information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA430K95005.html
Information not available
12-page booklet on sun safety.
General Public
Information on UV radiation, ozone depletion, health effects from
overexposure to the sun, action steps for sun protection, special
considerations for children, and how the National Weather Service
calculates the UV Index.
Abstract: This booklet is designed to help the public understand the risks from overexposure to
the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and how to protect oneself from UV radiation. It
presents the following information: 1) the science behind UV radiation and
stratospheric ozone; 2) the health risks from overexposure to UV radiation; 3) the steps
to take to protect oneself; 4) what the UV Index is and how to use it to help protect
oneself; and 5) where to get more information about the UV index and sun protection.
13
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ULTRAVIOLET INDEX: WHAT You NEED To KNOW
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
June 1995
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 430-F-94-016)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA430F94016.html
Information not available
Tri-Fold brochure to inform the public about the UV Index.
General Public
Information on the UV Index, UV Exposure, proper precautions, and the
role that ozone-layer depletion plays.
Abstract: This brochure provides information on ways to use the UV Index to plan outdoor
activities in ways that prevent overexposure to the sun's rays. Developed by the
National Weather Service and EPA, the UV Index is issued daily and provides the next
day's likely levels of exposure to UV rays.
BE SAFE IN THE SUN! THE SUNWISE SCHOOL PROGRAM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA
April 1998
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
14
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Kevin Roseel, Communications Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9731
E-Mail: rosseel.kevin@epa.gov
Stratospheric Protection Hotline
(800)296-1996
U.S. EPA's Sunwise Program Web Site:
http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/index.html
Information not available
Tri-Fold Brochure
Teachers, parents, health professionals, environmental groups, and
educational organizations
Information about U.S. EPA's SunWise Program.
U.S. EPA's SunWise program aims to teach elementary school aged children and their
care givers how to protect themselves from overexposure to the sun. This brochure
includes information about the UV Index, how schools can participate in the program,
who can get involved, and who to contact within EPA for more information.
BLOCK THE SUN, NOT THE FUN!
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
American Academy of Dermatology with the support of
Schering-Plough Healthcare Products
Information not available
American Academy of Dermatology
Communications Department
Phone: (847) 330-0230
American Academy of Dermatology:
http://www.aad.org
Schering-Plough Healthcare Products, Inc.:
http://coppertone.com
Free
Teaching Guide and Family Sun Guide for the Block the Sun, Not the
Fun! program.
15
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Target Audience: Teachers, students, and families
Content: Cross-curricular learning activities, a poster to hang in the classroom,
tips for making the program an interactive learning experience, a book
list to build interest and understanding of the sun, and 32 Family Sun
Guides—one for each student to bring home.
Abstract: The Block the Sun, Not the Fun! program is aimed at teaching students, as well as their
families, about sun-safety. The teaching guide includes eight activities that are aimed
at the different curriculum areas (i.e., science, language arts, visual arts, social studies,
and math), a poster contest with official rules, information on why children need
special sun protection, a book list, and tips from dermatologists. The Family Sun Guide
includes the same information on why children need special sun protection, and the
poster contest, as well as children's activities, including a maze, a true-false test on
"Are You Sun Smart," and a color picture with hidden pictures related to "year-round-
fun-in-the-sun gear."
PRACTICE SAFE SUN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 5
1991
U.S. EPA Region 5
Publications Office
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
Outside Illinois: (800) 621-8431
In Illinois: (800) 572-2515
9:00 am to 4:30 pm Central Time
Information not available
Free
Bookmark describing EPA's concern about the ozone layer and skin
cancer, and tips on how to protect oneself from the sun.
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: This bookmark describes EPA's concern about stratospheric ozone depletion and skin
cancer, and collaboration with other countries to protect stratospheric ozone.
Information on the back side contains seven tips on how to avoid overexposure to the
sun.
16
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ULTRAVIOLET (UV) INDEX FORECAST
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA and National Weather Service
April 1995
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
Phone: (800)296-1996
National Weather Service
Phone: (301) 713-0622
Information not available
Information not available
Five-page document on frequently-asked questions about the UV Index
forecast in most major U.S. cities provided by the National Weather
Service (NWS).
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: The NWS, EPA, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began offering the UV
Index on a limited basis in June 1994. This document answers 25 questions about the
UV Index, which are grouped in one of the following categories: health effects, using
the UV Index, relation to stratospheric ozone depletion, National Weather Service
policy, and prevention measures.
WHAT is THE ULTRAVIOLET (UV) INDEX?
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA
Date Developed: February 1995
17
-------
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 430-H-94-003)
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
(800)296-1996
Information not available
Information not available
Colorful one-page flyer that illustrates the UV Index.
General Public
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: This document uses icons to illustrate the scale of the UV Index, including minimal,
low, moderate, high, and very high UV-level categories, and shows appropriate
precautions to take to protect the skin from UV exposure in each category.
UV RADIATION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
U.S. EPA
April 1995
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 430-F-95-006)
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
(800)296-1996
Information not available
Information not available
Two-page fact sheet that describes UV radiation and the UV Index.
18
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Target Audience:
Content:
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: This fact sheet identifies the human health effects caused by exposure to UV radiation;
lists the types of UV radiation and the factors, such as stratospheric ozone and time of
day, that contribute to increased exposure; and describes the UV Index.
OZONE DEPLETION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
January 1995
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 430-F-95-001)
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
(800)296-1996
Information not available
Information not available
Two-page fact sheet on the ozone layer and the effect of ozone
depletion on UV radiation levels reaching the earth's surface.
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: This fact sheet describes how stratospheric ozone protects people, mechanisms of
depletion, what is being done to stop ozone depletion, the effect ozone depletion is
having on UV radiation levels, the UV Index, and goals of the SunWise program to
reduce the incidence of UV-related skin cancer.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE TO THE SUN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
U.S. EPA
January 1995
19
-------
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Target Audience:
Content:
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 430-F-95-003)
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
(800)296-1996
Information not available
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose: Two-page fact sheet describing adverse human health effects linked to
UV exposure.
General Public
The human health problems linked to UV exposure and described in the
fact sheet are melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, actinic
keratoses, photoaging, cataracts and other eye damage, and immune
suppression. The UV Index is explained.
Abstract: (See Content section)
ACTION STEPS FOR SUN PROTECTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. EPA
January 1995
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 430-F-95-002)
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
(800)296-1996
Information not available
Information not available
20
-------
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Two-page fact sheet describing the UV Index and SunWise actions to
protect people from UV radiation.
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
This fact sheet discusses why too much sunlight can be dangerous, identifies six
SunWise actions to take when exposed to the sun, and introduces the purpose and use
of the UV Index.
SUN PROTECTION FOR CHILDREN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
OTHER
U.S. EPA
January 1995
Maura Cantor, Director
SunWise School Program
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 564-9096
E-Mail: cantor.maura@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 430-F-95-004)
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline
(800)296-1996
Information not available
Information not available
Two-page fact sheet to protect children from exposure to UV radiation.
Children and Parents
This fact sheet emphasizes the special considerations sun exposure has
for children.
Abstract: This document lists the serious human health effects associated with exposure to UV
radiation and describes why exposure in childhood is especially dangerous. Five
SunWise actions are recommended to help children avoid UV-related health problems.
The UV Index is described.
21
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CONTAMINANTS
LEAD
RESIDENTIAL LEAD HAZARD CONTROL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Lead
Hazard Control
1997
Matt Ammon
Phone: (202) 755-1785, ext.158
E-mail: matthew_e._ammon@hud.gov
HUD Office of Lead Hazard Control Home Page:
http://www.hud.gov/lea/
Information not available
CD-ROM that enables the user to view and search HUD's Residential
Lead Hazard Control Reference Library.
Lead professionals
HUD's Residential Lead Hazard Control Reference Library, which
includes the following information:
HUD Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint
Hazards in Housing
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction and Financing Task Force
Report-Puff/ng the Pieces Together: Controlling Lead Hazards in the
Nation's Housing
• EPA/CDC/HUD Lead Hazard Information Pamphlet— Protect Your
Family From Lead In Your Home
Lead-Based Paint Rules and Regulations
EPA/HUD Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Rule
EPA Lead-Based Paint Certification and Accreditation
Regulations
OSHA Lead in Construction Standard
Title X - Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
of 1992
Lead-Based Paint Scientific Reports and Studies
Report on the National Survey of Lead-Based Paint in Public
Housing
A Field Test of Lead-Based Paint Testing Technologies:
Summary Report
The Relation of Lead-Contaminated House Dust and Blood
Lead Levels—United States 1991-1994
Does Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Work?
22
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Abstract:
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report— Update: Blood
Lead Levels—United States 1991-1994
Distributions of Soil Lead in the Nation's Housing Stock
Data Analysis of Lead in Soil and Dust
Report to Congress: Moving Toward a Lead-Safe America,
February 1997
This CD-ROM contains searchable information on the contents listed above. It requires
Adobe Acrobat Reader + Search version 3.0 and a set of Adobe Acrobat Reader files to
be installed in the user's computer. It comes with installation instructions for Windows
95 or later and Macintosh computers.
PROTECT YOUR FAMILY FROM LEAD IN YOUR HOME
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD)
May 1995
US. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA
45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to Publication Number: EPA 747-K-94-001)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA747K94001.html
Free
Tool Type/Purpose: Public document addressing health hazards that are caused by lead
exposure.
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Homeowners and families with children
13-page booklet
This booklet highlights facts about lead exposure, how lead gets in the body, how
families can check themselves for lead, where lead-based paint is found, where lead is
likely to be a hazard, how to check for lead in homes, how families can protect
themselves from lead, how to significantly reduce lead hazards, how to remodel or
renovate a home with lead-based paint, other sources of lead, and how to obtain more
information on lead.
23
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LEAD POISONING AND YOUR CHILDREN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
February 1995
National Lead Information Clearinghouse
(800) LEAD-FYI [(800) 424-5323]
(Refer to Publication Number: EPA 800-B-92-002)
Complete brochure text:
http://www.nsc.org/ehc/nlic/ledepa.htm
Free
Brochure to educate parents about how lead exposure can affect their
children.
Homeowners and families with children
Double tri-fold brochure that discusses lead poisoning issues and
includes a color poster.
Abstract: This brochure highlights how lead affects children's health. Its message to parents is
divided into six topic areas:
1) Get your child tested.
2) Keep it clean.
3) Reduce the risk from lead paint.
4) Don't remove lead paint yourself.
5) Don't bring lead dust into your home.
6) Get lead out of your drinking water.
When fully opened, the brochure's reverse side forms a poster with graphics
illustrating the above six topics and sources for obtaining more information.
BUILDING BRIGHT BEGINNINGS—INDIANA I AM YOUR CHILD
COALITION
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Office of the Governor (Indiana), Indiana Department of Environmental
Management, and Indiana State Department of Health
February 1998
Phil Bremen or Steve Campbell at (317) 232-4578
Information not available
24
-------
Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Information and application kit for the Indiana Household Hazardous
Waste Grant Program
Families within six Indiana counties
A two-pocket folder that contains:
Letter from Governor Frank O'Bannon to local officials in six Indiana
counties that have significant lead exposure to children
Six-page description of the purpose, eligibility requirements,
available funding, application schedule, application requirements
and process, and application review criteria, tips, and checklist of
the household hazardous waste grants
Three-page grant application
Two-page press release titled "O'Bannon targets areas of 6 counties
to protect children from lead"
8.5" x 1 1 " map showing the state of Indiana by counties and
elevated blood lead (EBL) test results
One-page lead fact sheet (the text is taken from a document
produced by The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)
Five-page document titled ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental
Medicine— Lead Toxicity (U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services)
This application kit provides application instructions, as well as background
information on the Indiana Household Hazardous Waste Grant Program. The purpose
of the program is to educate families with children who are at risk of having elevated
blood lead levels so that the families can reduce their exposure to lead. The
educational program must be developed by the community and tailored to meet the
special needs and characteristics of the neighborhoods where children are at risk. Only
local units of government, such as county health departments, community health
departments, or solid waste management districts in the following six counties in
Indiana are eligible: Allen, Elkart, Lake, Marion, St. Joseph and Vanderburg. A
maximum of $20,000 per year per grant applicant is available for lead and lead-based
paint education grants. Eligible applicants can apply for continued funding in 1999.
GETTING THE LEAD OUT—THE COMPLETE RESOURCE ON How
TO PREVENT AND COPE WITH LEAD POISONING
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Irene Kessel and John T. O'Connor. Plenum Trade
1997
Plenum Press
233 Spring St.
New York, NY 10013-1578
25
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Book description and online order link:
http://www.plenum.com/title.cgi70306455250
U.S. and Canada: $28.95 International: $34.74
A comprehensive, action-oriented book on lead poisoning.
Parents, day-care workers, teachers, community leaders, housing
advocates, policy makers, and others interested in lead poisoning from a
non-technical perspective
Content: This 272-page book is organized as follows:
Introduction
Part One: Understanding Lead Poisoning
Part Two: Preventing Lead Poisoning
Part Three: Treating Lead Poisoning
Part Four: Coping with Lead Poisoning
Part Five: Controlling Lead Paint Hazards
Part Six: Controlling Other Sources of Lead
Part Seven: Fighting Lead Poisoning
Endnotes
Appendices
Appendix A: State-by-State Resources
Appendix B: Subject-by-Subject Resources
Appendix C: Occupations and Hobbies with Risk of Lead Exposure
Appendix D: Nutritional Values of Common Foods
Appendix E: Medical Follow-Up
Appendix F: Summary of Abatement Methods
Appendix G: Lead Hazard Control Products
Appendix H: Federal Laws that Control Lead Poisoning
Summary of Steps You Can Take to Prevent Lead Poisoning
Index
Abstract: This book discusses the major sources of lead in the home and environment, medical
concerns, prevention strategies, and techniques for controlling lead hazards, while
offering advice to parents and homeowners on where to turn should their children—or
home—be found to have high lead levels.
LEAD-SAFE HOMES AND HEALTHY FAMILIES: SUPPORT FOR LEAD
SAFE HOUSING
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
City of Milwaukee Health Department
Information not available
Milwaukee Health Department
Phone: (414)286-3521
Fax: (414) 286-5990
26
-------
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Milwaukee Health Department Home Page:
http://www.ci.mil.wi.us/citygov/council/healthde.html
Information not available
Six-fold pocket-size brochure.
Target Audience: Property owners, tenants, and others interested in the prevention of lead
poisoning
Content: Information on the Lead-Safe Homes and Healthy Families Grant
program.
Abstract: The Lead-Safe Homes and Healthy Families grant program targets windows, porches,
and other surfaces identified as sources of lead dust. Under the grant, certified lead
abatement contractors, using well-developed specifications, will produce a lead-safe
home in timely and cost-efficient ways. Grant funds are available to homeowners and
owners of rental properties who meet the eligibility requirements. Eligible home
owners who qualify for grant funding based on income may receive up to 100%
funding for lead hazards. Eligible owners of rental properties who qualify for grant
funding co-pay 50% of the lead hazard reduction work costs.
CONNECTING POINTS FOR HEAL THY KIDS: A QUICK CHECK
REFERENCE FOR MEDICAL PROVIDERS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Alameda County Lead Poisoning Prevention Program and
the Joint Powers Authority
1996
Marcila Narvaez Foster, RN, MA
Public Health Nurse
Health Services Liaison
2000 Embarcadero Suite 300
Oakland, CA 94606
Phone: (510)567-8294
Office Phone: (510)567-8282
Fax: (510)567-8272
Information not available
Information not available
Quick Check Reference Guide
Medical Providers
27
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Content: Laminated cardboard checklist with information on:
anemia
Alameda County Women Infants, and Children nutrition program
Alameda County Immunization Assistance program
Alameda County Lead Poisoning Prevention program
Alameda County Child Health and Disability Prevention Program
Abstract: This tool provides information on Alameda County's Public Health Clearinghouse
Programs and a checklist for medical tests that children need at various stages of their
development. The Clearinghouse offers information and/or referrals to medical
providers for at-risk children and youth and pregnant women. Additional services
include tracking of patients until they are under care, and feedback to medical
providers regarding the disposition of their referral request.
SIXTEENTH STREET COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Sixteenth Street Community Health Center, Milwaukee, Wl
1996
Sixteenth Street Community Health Center
1032 S. Caesar E. Chavez Drive
Milwaukee, Wl 53204
Phone: (414)672-1353
Fax: (414)672-8681
E-mail: info@sschc.org
Sixteenth Street Community Health Center Home Page:
http://www.sschc.org/
Information not available
Folder with information on the Sixteenth Street Community Health
Center and its activities.
Individuals and families living on the South side of Milwaukee
! Milwaukee Journal article titled "Sixteenth Street Clinic Lauded For
Innovative Work"
! Milwaukee Journal Sentinel articles titled "Clinic Trying To Turn
Fields of Brown Into Fields of Green,""The Hard Lessons of Lead,"
and "Teaching Proper Auto Waste Disposal Another Offshoot of
Health Effort."
! Sixteenth Street Community Health Center Report, 1996
! Fact Sheet on the Sixteenth Street Community Health Center's
Environmental Health Education Project
! Urban Research Center research article on the "Demographic and
Socioeconomic Profile for The Environmental Health and Education
Project Target Area"
28
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! Brochure titled "Do You Know Some Fish Are Not Safe To Eat?"
(Available in English, Spanish, Hmong, and Laotian)
! Brochure titled "Any Child Can Get Lead Poisoning!" (Available in
English, Spanish, Hmong, and Laotian)
Abstract: The Sixteenth Street Community Health Center offers a wide array of preventative
health services to individuals and families living in the south side of Milwaukee.
Because of its multi-cultural population, all services are available in English, Spanish,
Hmong, and Laotian. Services include: Breast Feeding Support Project; Environmental
Health Project; Health Education; HIV/AIDS Case Management; Immunization Project;
Lead Outreach Project; Mental Health Services; Perinatal Case Management; Primary
Medical Care; School-Based Wellness Center; Social Services; and Women, Infants,
and Children (WIC) Program.
LEAD AND HUMAN HEALTH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
American Council on Science and Health
December 1997
American Council on Science and Health
1995 Broadway, 2nd floor
New York, NY 10023-5860
Phone: (212)362-7044
Fax: (212)362-4919
E-mail: acsh@acsh.org
American Council on Science and Health Home Page:
http://www.acsh.org/order/index/
Online Order Form:
http://www.acsh.org/order/
$5.00 each (cost reduced for orders of 10 or more)
$2.50 each (up to 199 copies) for ACSH members
Tool Type/Purpose: 40-page booklet that discusses lead and its relationship to human health
Target Audience: General Public
Content: Information on lead in the environment, human exposure to lead, the
toxicology of lead, lead in consumer products, regulatory initiatives for
limiting lead exposure, safe levels of lead, and lead abatement.
Abstract: This booklet is designed to provide information on the potential effects of lead
exposure. It includes information on lead poisoning, regulatory standards and
mandates related to lead, and the importance of lead screening in children.
29
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INFORMATION ON LEAD PAINT FROM THE CITY AND COUNTY
OF SAN FRANCISCO'S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The City and County of San Francisco's Department of
Health
April 1996
San Francisco Department of Public Health
Childhood Lead Prevention Program
1390 Market Street, Suite 230
San Francisco, CA94102
Phone: (415)554-8930
Fax: (415)554-8938
Information not available
Information not available
Brochures, facts sheets, and guides about lead paint.
Parents, Property Owners, and Landlords
10 Steps to prevent Lead Poisoning In Your Child
Tri-fold brochure on the San Francisco Department of Public
Health's Childhood Lead Prevention Program
San Francisco Lead Hazard Notice, January 1997, and multi-
language Instruction Sheet to owners of pre-1978 dwellings
"The 'Lead-Safe' Landlord"—The San Francisco Property Owner's
Guide to Maintaining Lead-Safe Rental Property
Guide To The Exterior Lead Paint Ordinance
Four-page fact sheet about Lead In Soil (Spanish)
Four-page fact sheet about Lead In Paint (English)
Two-page fact sheet about Lead: Simple Things That You Can Do To
Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning (English)
Abstract: The San Francisco Department of Public Health's Childhood Lead Prevention Program
is dedicated to eradicating lead hazards in an effort to eliminate childhood lead
poisoning. Its services include education and outreach, case management, and
environmental investigations for families with lead-poisoned children. Its goal is to
promote healthy children, and advocate for housing free of lead hazards.
MAINTAINING A LEAD SAFE HOME
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Dennis Livingston
1997
Dennis Livingston
30
-------
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Community Resources
28 East Ostend Street
Baltimore, MD21230
Phone: (410)727-7837
Fax: (410) 706-0295
Information not available
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose: Guidebook on how to maintain a lead safe home.
Target Audience: Parents, Property Owners, Workers, and Community Activists
Content: This guidebook contains the following chapters:
Maintaining Family Health
Survey the House
Stabilize, Clean, and Maintain
Hiring a Professional
Work Practices
Testing and Sampling
Correct Cleaning
Site Protection
Safety
Essential Maintenance
Footnotes
Information on local rules and regulations, local resources, and a
form for mailing in dust samples
Abstract: This book's purpose is to equip parents, property owners, workers, and community
activists with information they need to help solve the lead poisoning problem safely
for workers and the environment and to do it affordably.
DEREK THE DINOSAUR'S COLORING BOOK ABOUT LEAD
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Written by Judy Lakind. Pictures by Tom Chalkley.
Developed in association with the Coalition Against
Childhood Lead Poisoning
1992
Baltimore City Health Department
Urban Environmental Initiative Program
303 East Fayette St. 4th floor
Baltimore, MD21202
Phone: (410)396-6970
31
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The Coalition Against Childhood Lead Poisoning
28 East Osmond St.
Baltimore, MD21230
Phone: (410)727-4226
(800) 370-5323
Information not available
Information not available
Story coloring book to help teach children about lead hazards.
Children and Parents
Information for parents on lead hazards, and a story coloring book that
features Derek the Dinosaur.
Abstract: This coloring book includes information about lead hazards that can be torn out by
parents for future reference. It includes information about washing hands, good
nutrition, blood lead levels, and the importance of lead testing for children. The
coloring book is targeted toward very young children.
CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING: INFORMATION FOR ADVOCACY
AND ACTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
\7
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1997
Water, Environment and Sanitation Section, Program Division
UNICEF
3UN Plaza
New York, NY 10017, USA
Human Health and Well-Being Unit
UNEP
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi, Kenya
Information not available
Information not available
20-page booklet with information about lead poisoning and lead
poisoning prevention.
Community activists, policy makers, and anyone who has an interest in
children's health
32
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Content: This booklet includes the following chapters:
Introduction
What Is Known About Lead and Lead Poisoning
What Can Be Done To Prevent Lead Poisoning
Endnotes
Annex
References
Abstract: This booklet explains how children are affected by lead poisoning, and shows various
ways to combat this problem. It is based on the most recent scientific knowledge and
is intended to be a tool for advocacy and action in the hands of policy-makers,
communities, and everybody caring for children.
SESAME STREET LEAD AWAY!
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Children's Television
Workshop with financial
support from The Prudential Foundation
1996
The National Safety Council
Phone: (800) 424-LEAD [(800) 424-5323]
Fax: (202)659-1192
E-mail: ehc@cais.com
Information not available
Free
Tool Type/Purpose: A kit designed to teach children and their families about lead hazards.
Target Audience: Children and their families
Content: A kit that includes:
! The Sesame Street Lead Away! Video (in English)
! The Sesame Street Lead Away! Audio Cassette (Side 1, English; Side
2, Spanish)
! Ten copies of the Sesame Street Lead Away! Family Booklet/Poster,
"Lead: The Silent Threat" (in English and Spanish)
Abstract: This "Sesame Street Lead Away!" kit, featuring characters from Sesame Street, has
been designed to present a complicated subject in ways that easily can be understood
by children and families. It includes a videotape (in English) and a audio cassette (in
English and Spanish) to help preschool children learn things they can do to keep lead
out of their bodies, and a Family Booklet/Poster titled "Lead: The Silent Threat" (in
English and Spanish). The kit also includes a short introductory guide (in English and
Spanish) on how to effectively use the kit. It includes tips on how to use the video and
audio cassettes, and lyrics to the songs included on the tapes.
33
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LEAD IN YOUR HOME: A PARENT'S REFERENCE GUIDE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. EPA
April 1998
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
Chemical Control Division (7404)
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 260-3749
Fax: (202) 260-8168
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/internet/oppts/
Free
A guide book informing parent's about the dangers of lead in their home
and in the environment.
Anyone concerned about the dangers of lead in their home and in the
environment.
This guide book includes the following chapters:
Foreword
Lead In Your Home: A Parent's Guide
Reducing the Risk of Lead In Your Home
Protecting Your Children From Lead Poisoning
What You Need To Know Before Working On Your Home
Remodeling and Renovation
Interim Controls
Abatement
Cleaning Up Lead Waste
Appendices
- For More Information
- State Lead Program Contacts
- EPA Regional Lead Contacts
- Abatement Guidelines For Your Contractor
Glossary
The U.S. EPA developed this guide book as an essential resource for anyone
concerned about the dangers of lead in their home and the environment. It provides
Agency recommendations on how you can reduce your family's risk of lead exposure
and prevent lead poisoning, ranging from simple steps you can do now to more
rigorous procedures that will permanently get rid of lead hazards in your home.
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HEALTHY BEGINNINGS: LEAD SAFE FAMILIES
Developer/Publisher: Education Development Center, Inc., in sponsorship with
the U.S. EPA
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
1996
Lead Poisoning Prevention Project
Education Development Center, Inc.
55 Chapel Street
Newton, MA 02158-1060
Phone: (617)969-7100
Fax: (617)332-4318
Education Development Center's Home Page:
http://www.edc.org/
Free
English-as-a-Second-Language curriculum on how to prevent lead
poisoning in your home.
Adults for whom English is a second language and who live in older
homes where lead may pose a risk
Introductory Brochure
! Teacher's Guide
! Glossaries that are translated into eight languages: Chinese, Haitian-
Creole, Khmer, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and
Vietnamese
! Six Beginner and Intermediate units for students
Abstract: The "Healthy Beginnings: Lead Safe Families" adult curriculum was developed to
teach families for which English is a second language the dangers of lead poisoning
and how it can be prevented. It focuses on the danger signs to look for, and how to
reduce or eliminate lead poisoning. It is available in beginner's and
intermediate/advanced versions. Each unit poses a specific situation relating to lead
hazards, and shows people how to protect their families. Vocabulary lists, workbook
style questions, sentence completion exercises, and illustrated checklists are included
in each of the following units:
Going to the Doctor
Identifying Symptoms of Illnesses
Making Water Safe to Drink
Preparing and Storing Food
Avoiding Dangers in the Dirt
Finding the Right Home
Identifying Household Hazards (Intermediate/advanced version only)
Making Your Home Safe (Intermediate/advanced version only)
Renovating Your Home (Intermediate/advanced version only) S\
35
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LET'S GET THE LEAD OUT!
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Collaborative effort with the University of Illinois-Chicago School of
Public Health and U.S. EPA Region 5
Information not available
U.S. EPA Region 5
Publications Office
77 W.Jackson (P-19J)
Chicago, IL 60604
(800)621-8431
Information not available
Free
A series of seven lessons to teach students about the dangers of lead in
their environments.
Students
Seven lessons on the dangers of lead titled:
1) The Leading Role of Lead
2) LEADing the Way
3) Lead Flakes
4) Don't Be a Leadbelly
5) Getting the Lead Out!
6) Family Lead Alert: Students as Teachers
7 LEADing Questions
A supplementary module titled "The Lead Detectors," which is a play
intended to be listened to and/or performed by middle school students.
A poster titled "Be a Lead Detector"
An audio tape titled "Let's Get the Lead Out!"
Abstract: "Let's Get the Lead Out" is a project intended to teach students about the dangers of
lead in their environments, especially lead in paint and water. There are seven
different lessons that make up this program and it is recommended that the seven be
taught in the order listed above in the content section. However, if time is limited, the
developers of this material suggest that Lesson 5, Getting the Lead Out!, is the most
important and should always be taught. The main message involved in this learning
series is that "lead poisoning is preventable." The developers hope that, by educating
the students about the potential hazards of lead in their environment, this unit will
serve as a catalyst for more home/school, student/family, and school/family/community
involvement in the problems lead has produced.
36
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LEAD IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS: WHAT SCHOOL DISTRICTS
SHOULD AND SHOULD NOT Do
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Institute for Environmental Assessment
1993
Institute for Environmental Assessment
7101 Northland Circle, Suite 219
Brooklyn Park, MN 55427
Phone: (612)535-7721
Information not available
Information not available
17-page document addressing Federal Title X rules for school districts.
School administrators
This document includes the following information:
! What school districts should and should not do regarding lead
contamination schools
! A suggested school board policy on the prevention of lead
poisoning
A list of precautions
Physical data
A fire, explosion, and reactivity fact sheet
A product safety data sheet
Health information
This document advises school administrators on various rules and topics related to lead
on school property, including: risk and regulation information; and responses schools
should and should not undertake in regards to lead contamination. It also contains a
suggested school board policy on the prevention of lead poisoning along with various
facts about lead.
HEALTHY YARD, Toxic YARD
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Information not available
Information not available
U.S. EPA Region 1's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/Region1
37
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Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Information not available
Four-fold pamphlet explaining how to develop lawns, play areas,
walkways, parking, and drip zones to minimize exposure to lead in
contaminated soil.
General Public
This pictorial pamphlet illustrates how to landscape a house to prevent
human exposure to lead in soil.
Abstract: (See Content section)
LEAD: A CROSS PROGRAM STRATEGY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 1
May 1993
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
U.S. EPA Region 1's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/Region1
Information not available
40-page booklet on Region 1 's strategy to reduce risks of lead poisoning
in children less than six years old.
EPA and the General Public
The strategy includes an overview, goals, and five objectives.
Abstract: The objectives in this strategy document include risk communication and public
education, monitoring and scientific assessment, improved abatement quality and
training, enforcement and compliance, and state and federal coordination and program
development. Under each objective, short-term and long-term activities are discussed,
and measures of success are identified.
REDUCING LEAD HAZARDS WHEN REMODELING YOUR HOME
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
U.S. EPA
April 1994
\7
38
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202)260-1847
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
(International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190)
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 747-R-94-002)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/catalog.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 747R94002):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Information not available
25-page booklet to help homeowners and contractors remodel or
renovate housing using safe lead-based paint abatement procedures.
Homeowners, home contractors, and the General Public
This booklet describes lead hazards, remodeling equipment and where
to obtain it, safe work practices inside and outside the home, replacing
or rehabilitating windows, preparing surfaces for paint, carpet removal,
ductwork, plumbing work, removing large structures, and cleaning up.
A checklist is included.
Abstract: (See Content section)
DOES YOUR CHILD...; You CAN'T IGNORE LEAD POISONING...;
AND BEFORE You PAINT...
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Information not available
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
Division of Maternal & Child Health
P.O. Box 90, Room 725, Health & Welfare Bldg.
Harrisburg, PA 17109-0090
39
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Childhood Lead Information Hotline
Phone: (800) 440-LEAD
Information not available
Information not available
Three blue and red posters that encourage parents to call the lead
information hotline (1-800-440-LEAD) to find out more about protecting
their child from lead exposure.
Parents
Two posters help parents determine if their child could be at risk to
environmental lead and encourage the use of the lead information
hotline. The other poster encourages parents to call the hotline before
painting or remodeling their home.
Abstract: (See Content section)
BE SAFE WITH LEAD-MAN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 4
Information not available
National Lead Hotline
(800) LEAD FYI
Information not available
Information not available
Color Poster to prevent childhood lead poisoning.
General Public
This poster encourages people to call the National Lead Hotline for
information.
Abstract: (See Content section)
FINDING A QUALIFIED LEAD PROFESSIONAL FOR YOUR HOME
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA
Date Developed: November 1996
40
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202)260-1847
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 747-F-96-006)
Information not available
Information not available
Three-fold pamphlet to help homeowners find a lead professional to test
their homes for the presence of lead-based paint and assess the risk to its
occupants.
General Public
This pamphlet contains information on the services lead professionals
can offer, their certification requirements, options when lead-based paint
is a hazard, tips for checking a contractor's background and experience,
and how to get more information through the National Lead Information
Center (1-800-424-LEAD).
Abstract: (See Content section)
MAKING YOUR KIDS AND YOUR HOME SAFE FROM LEAD
POISONING
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Information not available
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
Division of Maternal & Child Health
P.O. Box 90, Room 725, Health & Welfare Bldg.
Harrisburg, PA 17109-0090
Childhood Lead Information Hotline
Phone: (800) 440-LEAD
Information not available
41
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Three-fold pamphlet in English and Spanish to help parents understand
the dangers, causes, and symptoms of lead poisoning in children.
Parents
This pamphlet describes the risks of lead exposure and how lead enters
the body, how to determine if a child has lead poisoning, and how to
prevent lead poisoning. It encourages parents to call the Childhood Lead
Information Hotline for more information.
Abstract: (See Content section)
CHILDREN AND LEAD? A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND DAY CARE
PROVIDERS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
Information not available
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1101 14th Street, NW
Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202)898-0150
Fax: (202)898-0172
Physicians for Social Responsibility Home Page:
http:/www. psr.org/
Information not available
Five-fold pamphlet to help parents and day care providers protect
children from environmental lead.
Parents and day care providers
This pamphlet contains a discussion of why lead is a problem for young
children and unborn babies, describes the long-term effects of lead
poisoning, and mentions the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention's blood test recommendations for children. It describes how
to maintain a dust-free environment, reduce the risk from lead-based
paint, avoid bringing lead dust into the home, avoid drinking lead in
water, and eat properly.
Abstract: (See Content section)
42
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LEAD—Is YOUR CHILD AT RISK?
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Target Audience:
Content:
Philadelphia Department of Public Health
1992
Philadelphia Department of Public Health
(215)685-2797
Information not available
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose: Eight-page pamphlet that utilizes drawings and text to help parents
determine if their child has or is at risk of lead poisoning, and how to
prevent it.
Parents
This pamphlet encourages the immediate testing for lead in children
under age 6 and pregnant women instead of waiting until symptoms
appear before taking action. It describes where lead is found in the
home, how children are exposed to lead, lead's effects on the body, and
how to prevent lead exposure.
Abstract: (See Content section)
LEAD-FREE KIDS, LEAD-FREE HOMES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Philadelphia Water Department
1992
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Philadelphia Water Department
(215)592-6300
Information not available
Information not available
Eight-fold pamphlet that describes lead as a problem for young children
and unborn babies and identifies ways to reduce exposure.
General Public
This pamphlet describes where lead comes from, the threat of lead-
based paint, lead in air, and lead in drinking water, and emphasizes
steps to avoid lead poisoning from these sources.
43
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Abstract: (See Content section)
No LEAD BECAUSE WE KNOW LEAD
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
OTHER
KnowLead Children's Interactive Educational Program
Information not available
KnowLead Children's Interactive Educational Program
P.O. Box 26661
Charlotte, NC 28221
Phone: (800) 448-LEAD
KnowLead Home Page:
http://www.knowlead.com/
Complete Program Price: $381.00
Know Lead Instant Lead Test Kits: $3.75/kits of 4 (Lead Poisoning
Prevention Organizations Only)
Tool kit designed to equip children with the knowledge to protect
themselves from lead poisoning.
Children ages 3-7
4' x 2' presentation board, lead locator Stick-Ons, 1 bottle of glow
powder, 1 battery operated UV lamp, 100 lead detective safety badges,
100 magnifying glasses, and a teacher's aid handbook.
The Children's Interactive Educational Program allows educators to teach the dangers
of lead in a creative and fun way, making the material easy for students to remember.
By identifying the areas of the home where lead may be present, from paint to toys,
children learn to protect themselves from lead. Children, wearing their Lead Detective
badges and carrying their Lead Detective magnifier, carry the program's message
home.
MULTI-REEL "LEAD POISONING PSAs" (WITH PHYLICIA
RASHAD)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Co-Sponsored by the EPA and the National Safety Council
Information not available
44
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Safety Council
1121 Spring Lake Drive
Itasca, IL 60143-3201
Phone: (630)285-1121
Fax: (630) 285-1315
National Lead Hotline
Phone: (800) LEAD-FYI
National Safety Council Home Page:
http://www.nsc.org/index.htm
Information not available
Videotape containing public service announcements on Lead Poisoning
narrated by Phylicia Rashad.
General Public
One videotape that includes three short public service announcements
on lead poisoning that are narrated by Phylicia Rashad.
Abstract: (See Content section)
PROTECTING YOUR CHILD FROM LEAD POISONING
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
I
Boston Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program with
support from U.S. EPA Region 1 and a grant from the
Centers for Disease Control
October 1993
Public Information Officer
Boston Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
Office of Environmental Health
1010 Massachusetts Avenue
Boston, MA 02118
Phone: (617) 534-5966
Information not available
Free to people living in the State of Massachusetts; limited copies may
be available to others living outside the State
16-page booklet with information on how to protect children from lead
poisoning.
General Public
45
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Content:
Information on:
lead poisoning
how to get your child tested for lead poisoning
ways to protect your child
safety tips for your house
how to get your house or apartment tested for lead paint
special care for windows
deleading do's and dont's
the Lead Law and You
Abstract: (See Content section)
PESTICIDES
U.S. EPA OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS "CARE PACKAGE'
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
Items developed on various dates from 1991-1997
To order entire package:
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
401 M. St., SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
Phone: (202)260-1847
For copies of individual items in package:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA
45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to the publication numbers listed under Content section below)
Some of the publications listed below in the Content section can be
found in the NCEPI Online Catalog at:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/catalog.html
Free
Information Kit that includes various brochures, informational booklets,
and fact sheets covering pesticide issues.
Policy makers, community leaders, home owners, families, and others
interested in pesticide safety
46
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Content: The Kit includes the following materials:
EPA Organization Chart
OPP Organization Chart
EPA's Pesticide Programs (An Overview), May 1991 (25 pages)
(EPA Publication Number: EPA 21T-10005)
• OPP Annual Report for 1995, January 1996 (45 pages)
(EPA Publication Number: EPA 735-R-96-001)
Pesticide Program Progress Report, April 1995 (35 pages)
(EPA Publication Number: EPA-734-R-95-020 )
Citizen's Guide to Pest Control and Pesticide Safety, September
1995 (49 pages) (EPA Publication Number: EPA 730-K-95-001 )
Healthy Lawn, Healthy Environment, June 1992 (18-page Booklet)
(EPA Publication Number: EPA 700-K-92-005 )
Pest Control in the School Environment: Adopting Integrated Pest
Management, August 1993 (43-page Booklet)
(EPA Publication Number: EPA 735-F-93-012 )
The Role of BEAD in Pesticide Regulation, June 1994 (4-page fact
sheet) (EPA Publication Number: EPA733F94001 )
Fact Sheets Labeled "For Your Information" on the following topics:
National Pesticide Telecommunications Network
Protecting the Public from Pesticide Residues in Food
Using Insect Repellents Safely
Pesticides and Child Safety (English and Spanish versions)
Pesticide Safety Tips
Protecting Endangered Species From Pesticides (Poster)
EPA Efforts to Encourage Alternatives to Traditional Chemical
Pest Control
Safety Precautions for Total Release Foggers
Abstract: The materials in this "Care Package" are intended to provide the user with a general
overview of EPA's pesticide activities and highlights of OPP's accomplishments and
emerging pesticide issues. While some of the materials are short 1-4 page pieces (e.g.,
the fact sheets), other materials are much longer (45-50 page) pieces (e.g., the Annual
Report and the Citizen's Guide to Pest Control and Pesticide Safety).
USE LEAST Toxic PEST CONTROLS
Developer/Publisher: Clean Water Action and Clean Water Fund
Date Developed: Information not available
Contact Information: Clean Water Action and Clean Water Fund
1128 Walnut St. Suite 300
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Phone: (215)629-4022
Web Site: Information not available
Cost Information: Information not available
47
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Tool Type/Purpose: Door knocker flyer to alert users about toxic pest control products.
Target Audience: General Public
Content: Information about toxic pest control products.
Abstract: This door knocker flyer encourages the use of non-toxic alternate methods toward
treating areas where unwanted pests live. It explains why pesticides are harmful and
suggests safer alternatives.
IPM FOR SCHOOLS: A HOW-TO MANUAL
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. EPA Region 9
March 1997
US EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA
45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 909-B-97-001)
Information not available
Free
Tool Type/Purpose: How-to Manual for promoting Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in
schools
Target Audience:
Content:
School administrators and faculty
213 pages, including a preface, introduction, "Pest Management
Challenges in the School Environment," 19 chapters for each key
characteristic of pest management, a recommended reading list, and
nine appendices.
Abstract: Use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles and practices in the school
environment is a growing trend in communities throughout the United States. IPM's
focus on pest prevention using effective, least-toxic methods is proving practical to
apply and cost-effective to operate.
ANNEARUNDEL COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT PLAN AND PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
OTHER
48
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Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Anne Arundel County, Maryland
1997
Denise Ann Frye
IPM Specialist
Phone: (410) 360-0138 ext.706
Information not available
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose: 8-page report on Maryland's Anne Arundel County's Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) Program.
Target Audience:
Content:
Maryland's Anne Arundel County School System and communities
within the county
Information on Maryland's Anne Arundel County's Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) Program, including a copy of a 9-page overhead
presentation on IPM.
Abstract: Anne Arundel County Public Schools is committed to providing schools with a pest-
free environment through the implementation of preventative hygiene methods and
chemical strategies when necessary. Past emphasis was on spraying to control pests.
Beginning in 1989, a decision was reached to move into an Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) Program.
PESTICIDES IN THE HOME: SOME TIPS ABOUT PESTICIDES AND
THEIR AL TERN A TIVES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. EPA Region 1
Information not available
National Pesticide Telecommunications Network
(800) 858-PEST [(800) 858-7378]
U.S. EPA Region 1
Pesticides Section (APP)
JFK Federal Bldg.
Boston, MA 02203-2211
(617)565-3932
(Refer to U.S. EPA Region 1 Information Bulletin #: 901-F-94-10KP1)
Information not available
Information not available
49
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Six-panel brochure on Pesticides In The Home.
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Used wisely, pesticides offer many benefits. However, some degree of risk is always
posed by their use. This brochure contains information on how to store pesticides
securely, reduce pollution from pesticides, stop initial invasions, and hire a pest
control company, as well as what to do if pesticides become necessary and after their
application.
To SPRAY OR NOT To SPRAY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
December 1992
U.S. EPA Region 1
Pesticides Section (APP)
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-3932
Information not available
Information not available
Five-panel brochure about pesticide-use.
General Public
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: This brochure provides information to help readers make the decision on whether they
should use a pesticide or not. It includes information on whether a pesticide is really
needed, why it is important to read the label on pesticides, and sources of additional
information.
DESIGNER POISONS: How To PROTECT YOUR HEALTH AND
HOME FROM Toxic PESTICIDES
Developer/Publisher: Marion Moses, M.D., Pesticide Education Center
Date Developed: June 1995
1!
sis
50
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Pesticide Education Center
P.O. Box 420870
San Francisco, CA 94142-0870
Phone: (415)391-8511
Fax: (415) 391-9159
E-mail: pec@igc.apc.org
Pesticide Education Center Home Page (including ordering Instructions):
http://www.pesticides.org/pesticides
$19.95 (add $5.00 shipping and handling for first copy; $3.00 shipping
and handling for each additional copy)
412-page book to help guide people in choosing pest control methods
that are safer for them and their family, pets, neighbors, and
environment.
General Public
Book with the following chapters:
What this Book Is About and How to Use It
Exposure to Pesticides
How to Read a Pesticide Label
Acute Health Effects of Pesticides
Chronic Health Effects of Pesticides
Indoor Use Pesticides
Outdoor Use Pesticides
Pet Use Pesticides
Human Use Pesticides
Commercial Use Pesticides
Law, Policy, and Recommendations
This book informs readers of potential health hazards of widely available pesticide
products and services. It recommends nontoxic or less toxic alternatives, which many
consumers would use if they knew about them. It also answers many questions that
consumers have about pesticide use, safety, and alternatives.
PESTICIDE EDUCATION CENTER: CONSUMER PESTICIDE SAFETY
SERIES #1, GENERAL INFORMATION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Pesticide Education Center
1995
Pesticide Education Center
P.O. Box 420870
San Francisco, CA 94142-0870
Phone: (415)391-8511
Fax: (415)391-9159
51
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
E-mail: pec@igc.apc.org
Pesticide Education Center Home Page:
http://www.pesticides.org/pesticides
Information not available
Tri-fold brochure with general information about pesticides.
General Public
Listing of answers to the following questions:
Aren't household pesticides tested to make sure they are safe?
What is the first step in selecting home pesticide products and
services?
What about liquid sprays?
What is another important step in selecting how pesticide products
and services?
Where can I find chronic effects information on home use
pesticides?
What are the most hazardous pesticides, and safer alternatives?
Information on ordering the book "Designers Poisons (See Abstract
section above)
Abstract: (See Tool Type/Purpose and Content sections)
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND CANCER IN CHILDREN: SUMMARY OF
SELECTED STUDIES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Marion Moses, M.D., Pesticide Education Center
March 21, 1997
Pesticide Education Center
P.O. Box 420870
San Francisco, CA 94142-0870
Phone: (415)391-8511
Fax: (415) 391-9159
E-mail: pec@igc.apc.org
Pesticide Education Center Home Page (including ordering Instructions):
http://www.pesticides.org/pesticides
Available for free downloading in Wordperfect 6.0 from the web site
listed above.
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Table listing study-type, year and location of study, source and/or type
of exposure, type of cancer, results, first author, and year of publication,
and a list of references.
Parents, day-care workers, schools, and others interested in the effects of
pesticides on children's health
Content: (See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Abstract: (See Tool Type/Purpose section)
PUTTING CHILDREN FIRST: MAKING PESTICIDE LEVELS IN FOOD <
SAFER FOR INFANTS & CHILDREN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Natural Resources Defense Council
April 1998
NRDC Publications Department
40 West 20th Street
New York, NY 10011
Phone: (212) 727-4486
National Resources Defense Council Home Page:
http://www.nrdc.org/
Executive Summary of this report:
http://www.igc.apc.org/nrdc/nrdcpro/reports/pcfexsum.html
$10.50
A report on the significance of children's pesticide exposure and an
analysis of the standards set by FQPA.
General Public
A 64-page report exploring EPA's efforts to address children's pesticide
exposures and offering a critique of the Agency's efforts and
recommendations for improvement in this area.
Abstract: This report explores the effects of pesticide exposure to children and describes
children's unique vulnerability to pesticides from a scientifically-supported
perspective. It provides data on the frequency of exposure and offers six
recommendations to EPA on immediate steps the Agency can take to improve its
treatment of this matter. The recommendations are:
1. Strong presumptive use of the 10X safety factor.
2. Convene a panel of children's experts to examine the effects of in utero and
early childhood exposure.
53
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3. Finalize revised data requirements and testing guidelines.
4. Review guidelines.
5. Review exposure databases.
6. Use of the 10X safety factor pending reliable data.
PESTICIDE INFORMATION PACKAGE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Northwest Coalition For Alternatives to Pesticides
Development dates for each document in care package vary.
Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides (NCAP)
P.O. Box 1393
Eugene, OR 97440
Phone: (541) 344-5044
Fax: (541) 344-6923
NCAP Home Page:
http://www.efn.org/- neap/
Costs for each document in care package vary.
Guidance package on ways to reduce the use of pesticides in homes,
schools, and communities.
General Public
! Three pamphlets titled:
"Pesticides Are Unnecessary Poisons"
"Needless Hazards"
"NCAP" (Background Information on the Program)
! A fact sheet listing 10 ways to reduce the use of pesticides
! Five short reports from the Journal of Pesticide Reform titled:
"Subterranean Termites, Part 1"
"Managing Fleas without Poisons"
"Chlorpyrifos, Part 1: Toxicology"
"Glyphosate, Part 1: Toxicology"
"Where There's a Will There's a Way" (school pesticide use
reduction)
"Drywood Termites"
The above resources aim to seek and promote alternatives to pesticide use. The
pamphlets and fact sheets are concise (ranging from 1 to 9 pages) and target the
general public. They provide background information on the hazards of specific
pesticide usages and describe the advantages to alternative pesticide measures.
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PEST" CONTROL IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT: ADOPTING
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. EPA
August 1993
US. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA
45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 735-F-93-012)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA735F93012.html
Free
43-page booklet containing information on integrated pest management
for schools.
School officials and others interested in the Integrated Pest Management
program
! Acknowledgments
! Can Children's Exposure to Pesticides Be Reduced in the School
Environment?
! What is Integrated Pest Management?
! Establishing an IPM Program for Schools
! Evaluating Costs
! For More Information
The U.S. EPA prepared this booklet to acquaint readers with Integrated Pest
Management (IPM), a pest control method that may be an alternative to scheduled
spraying of pesticides. Schools across the country that have adopted such programs
report successful, cost-effective conversion to IPM. IPM can reduce the use of
chemicals and provide economical and effective pest suppression. This book was
developed to encourage and assist school officials in examining and improving their
pest management practices. It identifies ways to reduce dependence on pesticides in
school buildings and landscapes and discusses alternative methods for managing pests
commonly found in schools. School officials are not, however, required by law to
adopt the practices recommended in this booklet.
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ESTROGEN ic PESTICIDES: WHAT You NEED TO KNOW AND
WHAT You NEED TO Do
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides
Information not available
NCAMP
701 E Street, SE
Washington, DC 20003
Fax: 202-543-4791
NCAMP Home Page:
http://www.ncamp.org/
Ordering Information:
http://www.ncamp.org/Publications.html
$2.00 for individual brochures ($20.00 for 100 copies when ordered in
bulk)
Four-Fold Brochure containing information on estrogenic pesticides
General Public
Information on estrogenic chemicals and how to avoid estrogen mimics
Abstract: This informational brochure explains what estrogenic chemicals are, what they do, and
how their threat to humans can be minimized.
SOLUTIONS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
OTHER
New York Coalition for Alternatives To Pesticides (NYCAP)
Spring 1996, Volume I, Number 1
NYCAP
353 Hamilton Street
Albany, NY 12210-1709
NYCAP's Home Page:
http://www.crisny.org/not-for-profit/nycap/2index.htm
Solutions Magazine Web Site:
http://www.crisny.org/not-for-profit/nycap/soLmain.htm
Free with annual membership. Membership prices are: $35 for
individuals and families; $50 for nonprofits and small businesses; $100
for corporations.
56
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
News magazine with information about safer alternatives for pest
control.
People interested in safer alternatives for pest control
This issue includes the following sections:
! Feature article on "Building Partnerships for Health Schools:
Featuring Achievements in New York School Pesticide Reduction"
Advances in the area of use of pesticide alternatives
IPM endeavors
Biotechnology Updates
Legislative Works
Worker Safety
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Safe Food
Alternative Answers
Sustainable Agriculture
In Each Issue (Book Review, Calendar of Events, Index, Mail Order
Clearinghouse, and Information Directory)
Solutions is a magazine about safer alternatives for pest control. The key editorial
policy for the magazine is to emphasize alternatives to toxic chemicals used for pest
control.
MATERIALS FROM THE NEW YORK COALITION FOR
ALTERNATIVES TO PESTICIDES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
New York Coalition for Alternatives To Pesticides (NYCAP)
Materials have different dates of development
NYCAP
353 Hamilton Street
Albany, NY 12210-1709
NYCAP Home Page:
http://www.crisny.org/not-for-profit/nycap/2index.htm
Information not available
Various materials from NYCAP that address pesticides and their
alternatives.
General Public
! Health Effects Overview, which includes important information
about pesticides, pest control, and pesticide alternatives
! School Insect Trapping Experiments
! A brochure titled "Pregnancy & Pesticides"
57
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! Endocrine Disrupton
! Pesticides Reported to Have Reproductive and Endocrine Disrupting
Effects
! Herbicide Fact Sheet
Abstract: The mission of NYCAP is to eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals through
education and outreach. NYCAP seeks to improve public and environmental health by
promoting the use of safer alternatives to pesticides, cleaning supplies, and other
chemicals, by advocating to reduce the risks in the manufacture, transportation, use,
and disposal of toxic chemicals, and by campaigning for environmentally-sound public
policy. The materials mentioned in the content section seek to provide to the general
public information about pesticides, their health effects, and pesticide alternatives.
CHILDREN, PESTICIDES, AND SCHOOLS: WHAT You CAN Do
To PROTECT YOUR CHILDREN FROM THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF pHER
PESTICIDES IN SCHOOLS
Developer/Publisher: National Coalition Against The Misuse of Pesticides (NCAMP)
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Information not available
National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides
701 E Street, SE, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20003
Phone: (202) 543-5450
Fax: (202) 543-4791
E-Mail: ncamp@igc.apc.org
NCAMP Home Page:
http://www.ncamp.org/
This article is part of a larger "Children, Pesticides, and Schools" packet,
which can be purchased for $4.00 from NCAMP.
Tool Type/Purpose: Article discussing the use of pesticides in schools and what can be done
to protect the students of these schools.
Target Audience:
Content:
Parents, students, and school personnel
Information on children's vulnerability to toxics, pesticide use in
schools, integrated pest management, what one can do to reduce
pesticide use in schools, and a list of resources related to the topic.
Abstract: Many schools routinely apply pesticides in classrooms, gyms, playgrounds, cafeterias,
and offices without any specific policies about such applications. This article provides
information on ways to reduce pesticide use in schools, ways to implement integrated
pesticide management practices, and actions that can be taken by parents and school
officials to reduce pesticide use in schools. It also provides a resource list related to the
topic.
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PESTICIDE POISONING ACTION GUIDE FOR AGRICUL TURAL
PESTICIDES IN THE MIDWEST
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. EPA
May 1994
Office of Public Affairs
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
Phone: (800)621-8431
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 905-B-94-001)
Information not available
Free
Resource Directory for pesticide poisoning.
Health care professionals who provide services to patients who may
have a pesticide-related injury or experience adverse effects from
pesticide exposure
An emergency action guide, resource guide, and pesticides reference
section.
This Guide provides information on pesticide usage, pesticide poisonings (recognition
and treatment), and appropriate contacts for more information on pesticides throughout
U.S. EPA Region 5, which hasjurisdiction over the States of Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The information included in the Guide
was assembled from numerous sources, including directories, U.S. EPA State Project
Officers, and several telephone publications.
This Guide has three sections, each containing different types of information pertaining
to pesticide exposures. The first section is a quick reference guide for people dealing
with suspected pesticide poisonings. The second section is a comprehensive directory
of the appropriate contacts for pesticide information within each State. The third
section lists the pesticides commonly used in U.S. EPA Region 5 and detailed
information on their acute toxicity and symptoms of exposure by chemical class.
HEALTHY LAWN, HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT: CARING FOR YOUR
LAWN IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WAY
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA
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Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
June 1992
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 700-K-92-005)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA700K92005.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 700-K-92-005):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
18-page brochure about environmentally-friendly lawn care.
General Public
Six sections:
Caring for your lawn in an environmentally-friendly way
Working With Nature: A Preventative Health Care Program For Your
Lawn
• WhatislPM?
Tips for Using Pesticides
Choosing a Lawn Care Service
For More Information
This brochure provides information on environmentally-friendly lawn care. It discusses
lawn maintenance, including information on developing healthy soil, choosing a
proper grass type for your climate, how to mow and water your lawn, and how to
correct thatch build-up. It also provides information on integrated pest management for
your lawn, tips for properly using pesticides, and tips on choosing a lawn care service.
A list of contacts for more information is provided at the end.
FOR YOUR INFORM A TION: USING INSECT REPELLENTS SAFEL Y
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
U.S. EPA
February 1996
60
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 735-F-93-052R)
NCEPI's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/
Free
Fact sheet on using insect repellents safely
General Public
Information on how to choose an insect repellent, EPA's
recommendations on how to use an insect repellent safely, and how to
avoid ticks and Lyme Disease.
Abstract: (See Content section)
FOR YOUR INFORMATION: PESTICIDES AND CHILD SAFETY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA
April 1997
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 735-F-93-052R)
NCEPI's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/
Free
Fact sheet on pesticides and child safety
General Public
61
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Content:
Information on the dangers of pesticides used in and around the home,
recommendations for preventing accidental poisoning, and general first-
aid guidelines.
Abstract: (See Content section)
TEN TIPS To PROTECT CHILDREN FROM PESTICIDE AND LEAD
POISONINGS AROUND THE HOME
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract: (See Tool
U.S. EPA
March 1997
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 735-F-97-001)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA735F97001.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for EPA735F97001):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Spanish version of the brochure (Text Only):
http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/10_tips/chi ldesp.htm
Free
Tri-fold brochure with ten tips to protect children from pesticide and
lead poisonings around the home.
General Public
(See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Type/Purpose section)
EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDE FOR PESTICIDE INCIDENTS
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA
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Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
July 1992
U.S. EPA Region 5
Pesticides Section (SP-14J)
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353-1159 or (800) 621-8431
U.S. EPA Region 5 Pesticides Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/region5/pesticides/
Free
20-page Action Guide that includes recommended emergency
procedures to be followed in case of fires, vehicle accidents, or other
incidents involving leaks or spills of pesticides.
Local Emergency Response personnel
This Action Guide includes the following sections:
General Information
Preplanning
First Response: Control and Notification
Cleanup, Decontamination, and Disposal
Respiratory Devices For Protection Against Inhalation Hazards
First Aid Treatment
This Action Guide is written from more than one point of view. The Preplanning
section puts emphasis on coordination between holders of pesticides and local
emergency response officials. The balance of the Guide contains recommended
emergency procedures to be followed in case of fires, vehicle accidents, or other
incidents involving leaks or spills of pesticides. These procedures are intended to
address pesticide exposure risks to humans and to the environment and to reduce the
hazards that may result from such incidents. They are written primarily to apply to the
first persons on the scene and to local emergency response personnel.
At time, more than one pesticide may be involved in an incident, or the identity of the
pesticide(s) may be known only by class or type. Therefore, the Guide contains a list of
general precautions. Special circumstances in each case may require modifications to
these procedures. Contact your state environmental agency or Department of
Agriculture for specific safety procedures.
PESTICIDES AND CHILDREN: WHAT THEPEDIATRIC
PRACTITIONER SHOULD KNOW
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1995
63
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Target Audience:
Content:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1101 Fourteenth Street, NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202)898-0150
Fax: (202)898-0172
Physicians for Social Responsibility Home Page:
http://www.psr.org/
Full Text of Document:
http://www.psr.org/pestkids.htm
Free from web site listed above
Tool Type/Purpose: 8-page booklet discussing what pediatric practitioners should know
about pesticides and children.
Pediatric Practitioners
Information on what we do and do not know about pesticides and
children, and answers to six commonly-asked questions.
Abstract: The purpose of this booklet is to keep pediatric practitioners abreast of new research
that sheds light on issues related to pesticides in children. It provides the latest
information on the hazards of pesticides in food, on what is still unknown, and to offer
help in communicating this knowledge to patients.
ESL FOR FARM SAFETY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1997
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street, Suite 910
Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: (703)528-4141
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
Teacher Manual: $25
Student Workbook: $12
English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) book to assist farmworkers in
learning about safe handling of pesticides.
Low-literacy migrant and seasonal farmworker learners
64
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Content: A low-literacy ESL text that teaches farmworkers how to be safe with
pesticides and how to prevent agricultural injuries. The teacher manual
is 158 pages (includes Worker Protection Standard information). The
student manual is 95 pages.
Abstract: This ESL text provides basic information in pesticide safety for farmworker families
while increasing learner's vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, and speaking skills.
Chapters include instruction in types of pesticides, reading pesticide labels, what to do
in cases of pesticide poisoning, and worker rights. The text also includes a chapter on
general injury prevention methods.
RADIO PESTICIDA WORKER PROTECTION KIT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1997
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street, Suite 910
Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: (703)528-4141
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
$50 for each kit
Vinyl binder with six audio cassette tapes containing five radio mini-
dramas, one public service announcement, and five recorded radio talk
shows. A bilingual service provider's guide is included.
Low-literacy Hispanic migrant and seasonal farmworkers
The five radio mini-dramas are in Spanish and last four to five minutes
each. Topics covered are based on EPA's Worker Protections Standards:
+ Pesticide Drift
* What Happens if Pesticides Get On Me
* Be Safe at Home
+ Be Safe at Work
* Training is Important
This Worker Protection Kit can be used by health educators and pesticide safety
trainers to implement a radio social-marketing outreach project for migrant and
seasonal farmworkers. The tapes can be played on a local radio station, accompanied
by a radio call-in show for answers and questions. The tapes also can be used by
pesticide safety educators in other ways. The service guide provides detailed
information on program development and evaluation, as well as scripts in English and
Spanish.
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RADIO PESTISID WORKER PROTECTION KIT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1997
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street
Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: (703)528-4141
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
$25 for each kit
Vinyl binder with two audio cassette tapes containing five radio mini-
dramas in Haitian Creole. A Worker Protection guide accompanies the
set.
Haitian farmworkers
The five radio mini-dramas are in Haitian Creole; and last 4 to 5 minutes
each. Topics covered are based on the EPA Worker Protections
Standards:
+ Pesticide Drift
* What Happens if Pesticides Get On Me
* Be Safe at Home
+ Be Safe at Work
* Training is Important
This Worker Protection Kit can be used by health educators and pesticide safety
trainers to implement a radio social-marketing outreach project for migrant and
seasonal farmworkers. The tapes can be aired on local radio stations, accompanied by
a radio call-in show for answers and questions. The tapes also can be used by
pesticide safety educators in other situations. The service guide provides information
on program development and evaluation, as well as scripts in English and Haitian
Creole.
GENERAL TOXICS
HOME SAFE HOME & RELATED PROJECTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Clean Water Fund
1996
66
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Clean Water Fund
211 Black Building
118 Broadway
Fargo, ND58102
Information not available
Information not available
Notebook that includes photocopies of publications and other materials
related to the Home Safe Home Program, Migrant Worker/Community
Safety, Environmental Health, Pesticides, Consumer Education, and
Lead, Mercury, and Drinking Water Contamination.
Community Leaders
The notebook contains the following materials:
• Home SAFE Home (HSH) Program
11" x 17" Consumer Education Charts in English, Spanish, and
Mandarin Chinese
HSH Coordinator's Manual (26 pages)
Summary of Urban Residents' Focus Group on HSH for NJEF
HSH Rhode Island State Program Book
HSH Program Slide Presentation
Migrant Worker/Community Safety
Red River Valley Farmworker Safety Guide (one-page brochure)
"Protect Yourself from Toxics" (Bilingual Videotape)
Environmental Health
"Is Your Environment Making You Sick? An Environmental
Health Checkup" (brochure)
"Environmental Health - What You Need to Know" (brochure)
Cryptosporidium Contamination Report
Pesticides
"Use Least Toxic Pest Controls" (door knocker flyer)
Lawn Care Brochure
Consumer Education
"NJEF Environmental Shopper's Manual"
"Every Citizen's Environmental Handbook"
Lead, Mercury, and Drinking Water Contamination
"Lead in Drinking Water" (flyer)
Mercury Rising (flyer)
The Home SAFE Home program is part of a national Environmental Shoppers
Campaign to promote safer alternatives to the toxic household cleansers used by most
people. It can be set up in any public place where it will get a lot of public visibility,
such as in supermarkets, shopping malls, schools, churches, clubs, fairs, garden shows,
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festivals, and other special events. The materials in this notebook can be distributed
during a Home SAFE Home exhibit.
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHLORPYRIFOS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public
Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease
Registry
September 1997
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch
1600 Clifton Road, NE, E-29
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: (800)447-1544
Fax: (404) 639-6359
ATSDR Home Page:
http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/atsdrhome.html
ATSDR Fact Sheet on Chlorpvrifos:
http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/tfacts84.html
Information not available
A 179-page ATSDR toxicological profile that characterizes toxicological
and adverse health effects information for chlorpyrifos.
Health professionals at Federal, state and local levels, interested private
sector organizations and groups, and members of the public
The book is organized as follows:
Foreword
Contributors
Peer Review
List of Figures
List of Tables
1. Public Health Statement
2. Health Effects
3. Chemical and Physical Information
4. Production, Import/Export, Use , and Disposal
5. Potential for Human Exposure
6. Analytical Methods
7. Regulations and Advisories
8. References
9. Glossary
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! Appendices
A. ATSDR Minimal Risk Level
B. User's Guide
C. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols
Abstract: The focus of this profile is on toxicological information and health. It begins with a
public health statement that describes, in nontechnical language, chlorpyrifos'
toxicological properties, followed by a more-scientific health effects section that
discusses such issues as routes of exposure, mechanisms of action, and relevance to
public health. The profile reflects ATSDR's assessment of all relevant toxicologic
testing for chlorpyrifos.
RISK ASSESSMENT: A FLEXIBLE APPROACH To PROBLEM
SOLVING
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Chemical Manufacturers Association
March 1997
Chemical Manufacturers Association
1300 Wilson Blvd.
Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: (703)741-5000
Fax: (703) 741-6000
Chemical Manufacturer's Association Home Page:
http://www.cmahq.com/
Information not available
A 26-page booklet explaining the risk-assessment process.
Anyone interested in the four steps of the risk assessment of a hazardous
site
Explanations about how risk is assessed and characterized.
Abstract: This booklet explains the risk assessment process, its basic concepts, the four steps of
risk assessment (hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment,
and risk characterization), and how risk assessment can be used as a management tool.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND CHEMICAL SCORE CARD FACT
SHEET
Developer/Publisher: Environmental Defense Fund (EOF)
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Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Information not available
Environmental Defense Fund
1875 Connecticut Ave. NW 10th floor
Washington, D.C. 20009
Phone: (202) 387-3500
Fax: (202) 234-6049
Scorecard Reports:
http://www.scorecard.org/
Information about EDF's Chemical Score Card, as well as the scorecard
itself, is available free on the Internet at the address listed above
Fact sheet with information on EDF's "Chemical Score Card."
Target Audience: Anyone concerned about the pollution in their surrounding
environment.
Content: (See Abstract section)
Abstract: This fact sheet includes information about the EOF Scorecard, which is available free
on the Internet. The Scorecard combines scientific, geographic, technical, and legal
information from over 150 electronic databases to produce detailed local reports on
toxic chemical pollution. Users can obtain reports on any of 50 states, 2,000 counties,
5,000 zip codes, or 17,000 individual industrial facilities, based on the most current
federal pollution data available (1995).
TOXICOLOGY FOR THE CITIZEN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State
University
November 1991
Institute for Environmental Toxicology
C-231 Holden Hall
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Ml 48824-1206
Phone: (517)353-6469
Institute for Environmental Toxicology Home Page:
http://www.iet.msu.edu/
Information not available
16-page booklet providing basic information about toxicology.
General Public
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Content: (See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Abstract: This booklet discusses the effects of synthetic chemicals that have become typical
components of everyday life. It describes routes of exposure and how these chemicals
affect the human body. Toxicity is defined and its key terms and measurements are
explained. The booklet is descriptive, seemingly unbiased, and written at a level that
requires no medical or scientific background.
ATSDR ToxFAQs™ SHEETS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
September 1997
ATSDR Information Center/Clearinghouse
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road, mail stop E-57
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: (800)447-1544
Fax: (404) 639-6359
E-mail: atsdric@cdc.gov
ATSDR Home Page:
http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/atsdrhome.html
ATSDR TOXFAQs Fact Sheets:
http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/toxfaq.html
Free off the Internet at the second address listed above.
Fact sheets that address some of the most frequently-asked questions
about hazardous substances commonly found at hazardous waste sites.
General Public
Fact sheets on the following hazardous substances:
di-n-octylphthalate (DNOP)
ethylene glycol and propylene glycol
hexachloroethane
HMX
hydraulic fluids
hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
used mineral-based crankcase oil
titanium tetrachloride
white phosphorous
These fact sheets include summarized information contained in ATSDR's detailed
scientific toxicological profiles, which average 130 pages. Information in each fact
sheet includes a general overview of the substance, how someone might be exposed,
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relevant toxicological properties and health effects, and how to get additional
information. These fact sheets will soon be available in Spanish.
UPTOWN EYE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
West Harlem Environmental Action
October/November 1997 (Vol. II, No. 4)
Uptown Eye
271 West 125th Street, Suite 211
New York, NY 10027
Phone: (212)961-1000
Fax: (212)961-1015
E-mail: WHEACT@IGC.APC.ORG
Information not available
Information not available
Community newspaper written in English and Spanish focusing on
quality-of-life issues and their impact on East, Central, and West Harlem
and the Washington Heights/lnwood neighborhoods.
Residents living in East, Central, and West Harlem and the Washington
Heights/lnwood neighborhoods
This issue contains articles on the following topics:
The Toxic School (P.S. 141)
Election '97: Voter Referendums
Community Gardens
Interview with Zenaida Mendez
WE ACT Sponsors Successful Environmental Health Fair
$Millions for Brownfields II
An Earth Crew Update
This Community Newspaper is made possible by the West Harlem Environmental
Action, a not-for-profit environmental justice organization serving Upper Manhattan.
Uptown Eye provides information to empower residents to implement their vision of
what their community environment can and should be.
WOOD PRESERVATIVES FOR APPLICATORS
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA Region 5
Date Developed: 1987
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. EPA Region 5
Office of Public Affairs
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
U.S. EPA Region 5 Pesticides Page:
http://www.epa.gov/region5/pesticides/
Information not available
12-page booklet on wood preservatives.
Professional applicators of wood preservatives
Guide booklet that provides information on the following topics related
to wood preservatives:
Federal Regulations
Why Treat Wood
Description of Preservatives
Applying Preservatives
Harmful Effects and Symptoms
Protective Clothing and Equipment Required
Safety Precautions When Spraying Preservatives
Special Precautions For Penta
First-Aid In Case of Accidents
Safe Storage
Disposal Requirements
Limitations on Using Treated Wood
Other Safety Precautions
Applicator Training
This guide booklet is directed at handlers of wood preservatives or treated-wood
products to make them aware of the safety precautions that help prevent adverse
health effects associated with exposure to the chemicals and the products treated with
them. These guidelines alert handlers to the dangers associated with wood
preservative use and application and to the proper steps that can be taken to protect
one's health.
HAZ-ED CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES FOR UNDERSTANDING
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA
April 1996
Jean Farrell
U.S. EPA Community Involvement and Outreach Center
Phone: (703) 603-9055
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: 513-489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 540-K-95-005 )
OERR's HAZ-ED web site, where a complete version of the document
can be viewed or downloaded:
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/oerr/cio/products/hazed/
Free
150-page classroom activities guide.
Students and teachers
Background information about hazardous waste, classroom activities,
and a "Fact Flash" section.
Abstract: HAZ-ED can be used as part of a larger curriculum, as special stand-alone activities, or
on an occasional basis to teach students about hazardous waste issues. It focuses on
the controversial scientific, technical, and policy issues related to Superfund and other
hazardous waste sites. HAZ-ED is designed to help students develop skills in critical
thinking, problem solving, and decision making. It also increases student's awareness
and understanding of environmental ethics issues.
WARNING: IT'S DAZZLING, IT'S SLICK, IT'S AWESOME, IT'S
MERCURY.... AND IT CAN KILL YOU!
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
U.S. EPA
March 1995
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 402-F-94-009)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA540K95001.html
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Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 540K95001):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
Tri-fold brochure containing information on mercury.
General Public
Three newspaper articles reporting youth encounters with mercury, a list
of symptoms caused by mercury poisoning, and a short quiz
Abstract: Realizing that youth are often attracted to mercury's dazzling appearance, this
brochure has been designed as a warning device, especially for children and parents. It
includes text from newspaper articles reporting terrifying encounters between youth
and mercury, and a long list of dangerous and potentially fatal symptoms.
ATSDR AND EPA WARN THE PUBLIC ABOUT CONTINUING
PATTERNS OF METALLIC MERCURY EXPOSURE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
ATSDR and U.S. EPA
Information not available
Loretta Bush
ATSDR Office of Policy and External Affairs
Phone: (404) 639-0501
E-mail: Iob3@cdc.gov
Information not available
Free
Fact sheet on metallic mercury exposure.
General Public
Information on:
Metallic mercury poisoning in children
Incidents involving religious practices
General facts on mercury and how it is used, how exposure can
occur, how it can affect human health, how contamination can be
prevented, how mercury can be cleaned up, how electronic
equipment can collect mercury vapors, how to keep homes safe, and
a list of important telephone numbers.
Abstract: Metallic mercury is a hazardous chemical that can cause serious health problems,
especially in children and fetuses. This fact sheet is written to help the general public
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
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understand how short-term or long-term exposures to metallic mercury can lead to
serious health problems.
+ ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION*
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION MATERIALS: GUIDELINES FOR
EXCELLENCE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
North American Association for Environmental Education
1996
NAAEE Publications and Membership Office
P.O. Box 400
Troy, OH 45373 U.S.A.
Phone: (937)676-2514
E-mail: jthoreen@igc.apc.org
Information not available
Information not available
Guide booklet for developing and selecting environmental education
materials.
Community organizations, schools, voluntary agencies, and foundations
23 pages, including an introduction, "How to Use the Guidelines"
chapter, chapters for each key characteristic (see Abstract section), and a
2-page glossary of key terms.
Abstract: The guidelines provided in this booklet aim to help developers of activity guides,
lesson plans, and other instructional materials produce high quality products and to
provide educators with a tool to evaluate the wide array of available environmental
education materials. This booklet points out six key characteristics of high quality
environmental education materials:
1) Fairness and Accuracy in describing environmental problems, issues, and
conditions, and in reflecting diversity of perspectives on them.
2) Depth of the materials—as appropriate for different developmental
levels—to foster awareness of the environment, understanding of
environmental concepts and conditions, and awareness of the values and
attitudes at the heart of environmental issues.
3) Emphasis on skills building
4) Action orientation to promote civic responsibility
5) Instructional soundness to create an effective learning environment
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6)
Usability based on design and ease of use.
For all six key characteristics, the booklet includes guidelines that either can be
followed when developing the environmental education materials or used to assess the
quality of the materials.
SALTA: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY
ORGANIZING TRAINING MANUAL
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Environmental Health Coalition
1996
Environmental Health Coalition
1717 Kettner Blvd., Suite 100
San Diego, CA 92101
Phone: (619)235-0281
Fax: (619)232-3670
E-mail: ehcoalition@igc.apc.org
Environmental Health Coalition's Home Page:
http://www.environmentalhealth.org
Publications and Ordering Information:
http://www.environmentalhealth.org/publications.html
Non-profit or community organization with an annual budget less than
$250,000: $50.00
Non-profit or community organization with an annual budget of
$250,000- $500,000:$75.00
All others: $100.00
Training manual written in both English and Spanish aimed at
developing and empowering community activists in their struggle for
environmental justice.
Designed for Hispanic women and community activists
Ten chapters with separate introduction and teaching materials:
Chapter 1: Getting to Know Each Other
Chapter 2: Getting Toxics Out Of Your Home
Chapter 3: Getting Rid of Pests
Chapter 4: Getting the Lead Out
Chapter 5: Our Neighborhood is Important
Chapter 6: Leaders in Our Neighborhood
Chapter 7: Organizing For Change
Chapter 8: Latinas Taking Action
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! Chapter 9: It's All Connected
! Chapter 10: Graduation
Abstract: SALTA is a project of the Environmental Health Coalition, a grassroots organization
founded in San Diego, CA, in 1980. It stands for "Salud Ambiental, Latinas Tomando
Accion," which, when translated to English, means "Environmental Health, Latinas
Taking Action." SALTA was designed to prepare community residents to deal with
environmental crises and ongoing or historical problems. It equips Latinas with tools to
use for both long- and short-term strategies. Its goal is to help Latinas learn what kinds
of toxic chemicals in their homes and neighborhoods are a danger to their families,
and how they can take action to get rid of these hazards.
COMMUNITY SERVICES DIVISION OF THE NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
National Association of Counties (NACo)
Information not available
NACo/CSD
Attn: Nelsona Waugh
440 First St. NW
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: (202) 942-4259
Fax: (202) 737-0480
Information not available
Information not available
Four-fold brochure describing NACo's programs
Target Audience: County governments, community service organizations, and others
interested
Content: ! Information on NACo's programs:
Sustainable Communities Initiative
Environmental Programs
Coastal Watershed Management Project
Source Water Protection Project
Solid Waste Management Project
Affordable Housing Project
! A publications list
Abstract: The Community Services Division of NACo's County Services Department provides
assistance to county leaders for the betterment of community infrastructure and the
human and natural environment through the programs listed in the Contents section
above. The Sustainable Communities Initiative informs county officials and others, and
serves as a clearinghouse for information related to the role of county governments in
78
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building sustainable communities. The Coastal Watershed Management Project's main
objective is to build awareness of coastal issues and provide technical assistance to
coastal communities. The Source Water Protection Project brings educational and
technical assistance to local governments faced with contaminated drinking water
concerns. The Solid Waste Management Project provides counties technical
information on municipal solid waste management topics in collaboration with EPA's
Office of Research and Development. NACo also is involved in two environmental
projects: one on radon and indoor air; the other on pollution prevention.
The publications list in the brochure lists publications on sustainable development,
home projects, radon, indoor air, pollution prevention, solid waste management,
coastal watersheds, source water protection/wellhead protection, and the general
environment.
HEALTHY COMMUNITIES • HEALTHY YOUTH: A NATIONAL
INITIATIVE OF THE SEARCH INSTITUTE TO UNITE COMMUNITIES
FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Search Institute
1997
Search Institute
700 South 3rd Street Suite 210
Minneapolis, MN 55415
Phone: (612) 376-8955 or (800) 888-7828
Fax: (612) 376-8956
Search Institute's Home Page:
http://www.search-institute.org
Catalog and Ordering Information:
http ://www. search- i nsti tute. org/cata I og/i nd ex. htm
Information not available
Background information on the Healthy Communities • Healthy Youth
program.
Communities, schools, and churches
Background materials on the Healthy Communities • Healthy Youth
program, list of the program's 40 developmental assets, tables showing
the protective and thriving consequences of the development assets
based on a study with 99,462 students in 213 cities conducted by
Search Institute, a poster showing "Ideas for Asset Building," and a
catalog to order the program's materials, including a tool kit, sampler
kit, speaker's kit, group activities for helping youth succeed, full-color
poster on 101 asset-building actions, and a book titled "All Kids Are Our
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Kids" that describes what communities must do to raise caring and
responsible children and adolescents.
Abstract: Healthy Communities • Healthy Youth is a national initiative of the Search Institute
that seeks to motivate and equip individuals, organizations, and their leaders tojoin
together in nurturing competent, caring, and responsible children and adolescents.
This mission is accomplished through research, evaluation, resource materials,
training, technical assistance, and networking opportunities based on the Search
Institute's framework of developmental assets, which are provided with this tool.
NATIONAL PTA LEADER'S GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES—WORKSHOP PRESENTATION KIT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
National PTA in cooperative partnership with
U.S. EPA
1996
National PTA
330 N. Wabash Ave., Suite 2100
Chicago, IL 60611-3690
Phone: (312)670-6782
Fax: (312)670-6783
E-mail: info@pta.org
National PTA's Home Page:
http://www.pta.org/
Information not available
Workshop presentation kit that provides basic information on
environmental issues that are of the most concern to PTA members, as
well as resources and suggestions from PTAs on how to address them.
PTA members
The kit includes:
Outline for a workshop presentation on PTAs and Environmental
Issues
Tips for an effective presentation
A set of 29 overheads
! National PTA Leader's Guide to Environmental Issues
\ National PTA Earth Week brochure including a radon detection kit
coupon
Abstract: The outline for the workshop presentation kit is based on the same format used for the
National PTA Leader's Guide to Environmental Issues. This workshop presentation kit
is to be used as an aid by PTA leaders to educate PTA members on environmental
issues and their impact on the health and welfare of children. The overhead
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
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presentation is divided into four major sections—Section 1: PTAs and the Environment;
Section 2: Addressing Environmental Issues; Section 3: Environmental Issues; and
Section 4: Conclusion and Discussion.
For each of the following nine environmental issues mentioned in the overhead
presentation, there is an overhead discussing: (1) Overview of the Issue; and (2) What
PTAs Are Doing to Address the Issue:
1) Air Pollution
2) Environmental Tobacco Smoke
3) Hazardous Materials and Emergency Planning
4) Indoor Air Quality
5) Lead Poisoning
6) Pesticides
7) Radon
8) Sol id Waste
9) Water Pollution and Drinking Water Quality
NATIONAL PTA—ADVOCACY TRAINING MANUAL
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National PTA
1994, revised 1996
National PTA
330 N. Wabash Ave., Suite 2100
Chicago, IL 60611-3690
Phone: (312)670-6782
Fax: (312)670-6783
E-mail: info@pta.org
National PTA's Home Page:
http://www.pta.org
Information not available
A training manual to guide PTA members, as well as state and local
leaders, to build the support base they need to become effective
advocates for young people and education change.
PTA members
In addition to the five chapters listed below, the notebook includes an
Introduction, Overview, and a two-page order form titled, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Region 5—Resources for Children's
Health Protection, which lists 18 documents, including some that have
been translated from English into Spanish.
The guide book's five chapters are as follows:
I. Planning An Advocacy Campaign
II. Carrying Out the Advocacy Campaign
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Abstract:
III. Resources
IV. Selected Bibliography
V. Notes
The training manual instructs PTA members how to organize and operate a campaign
and how to work with other groups and the media.
AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION KEEPS THE GERMS AWAY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1998
Sandy Berger/Amy Hinkelman
G.S. Schwartz and Co.
470 Park Ave. South
New York, NY 10016
Phone: (212)725-4500
Information not available
Information not available
OTHER
Tool Type/Purpose: Folder with information on ways to prevent the spread of germs.
Target Audience: Families and schools
Content: Two fact sheets on preventing infectious disease, four news releases on
the "An Ounce of Prevention" program, and biographical sketches of
four professionals involved in the program.
Abstract: The "An Ounce of Prevention Keeps The Germs Away" program is an educational
program from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in partnership with
Reckitt & Colman, Inc., LYSOL® Products Group. This program provides seven simple
steps to keeping your family healthy. The program is designed to reintroduce basic and
inexpensive methods of protection against infectious diseases ranging from the
common cold and flu to deadly diseases like hantavirus and AIDS.
PARTNERS IN ACTION FOR TEEN HEALTH (PATH)
Developer/Publisher: Colorado Department of Health
Date Developed: 1989
Contact Information:
Barbara Ritchen, Director
Adolescent Health Program
Colorado Department of Health
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
4210 E. 11thAve.
Denver, CO 80220
Phone: (303)331-8369
Information not available
Information not available
Manual to assist in replicating PATH program.
Families, schools, teens, voluntary agencies, service organizations,
foundations, community groups, and policy-makers
117-page manual that includes the following chapters:
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Activating the Community: Establishing A Community Advisory
Council
Assessing Community Needs
Action Planning
Evaluation
Personnel and Budget
Role of State Health Agency
References and Resources
Appendices
Abstract: The PATH program was a three-year demonstration project designed to develop a
model to facilitate community action to address adolescent health problems. PATH
was ajoint venture between the Colorado Department of Health and four
demonstration communities across the state. Funding was provided through a Maternal
Child Health Improvement Project grant through the Bureau of Maternal and Child
Health and Resources Development, United States Department of Health and Human
Services, for the years 1987 through 1990. This manual's purpose is to teach other
communities how to replicate the PATH program's demonstration projects.
HEALTHY CHILD CARE AMERICA CAMPAIGN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
American Academy of Pediatrics in partnership with the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Human Services Child
Care Bureau and the Maternal and Child Health Bureau.
Information not available
Moniquin Huggins, Child Care Bureau, (202) 690-5641
Jane Coury and Phyllis Stubbs-Wynn, Maternal and Child Health
Bureau, (301) 443-6600
Healthy Child Care America Campaign Blueprint for Action:
http://www.ehsnrc.org/fththcam.htm
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Information on the Healthy Child Care America Campaign.
Health care providers and the child care community
Healthy Child Care America Fact Sheet
Healthy Child Care America: Blueprint for Action
Healthy Child Care America Newsletter
Demographic Information on Child Care Centers in Washington, DC
Project Abstract of the Community Integrated Service System, Health
Systems Development in Child Care: Healthy Kids, DC, Program
The Healthy Child Care America Campaign is based on the principle that families,
child care providers, and health care providers in partnership can promote the healthy
development of young children in child care and increase access to preventative
health services and safe physical environments for children. The Blueprint for Action
provides communities with steps they can take to either expand existing public and
private services and resources or to create new services and resources that link
families, health care providers, and child care providers. Communities using the
Blueprint for Action are encouraged to identify their own needs and to adapt the steps
within the document as needed.
UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS— TEACHER'S JQTHER
MANUAL
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Science Education for Public Understanding Program, University of
California, Berkeley
1995
SEPUP
Lawrence Hall of Science
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
Phone: (510)642-8718
Fax: (510)642-1055
SEPUP's Home Page:
http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/SEPUP
Information not available
Teacher's manual for a course on environmental health risks.
Students and teachers
Ten short activity overviews and a conceptual overview of science
concepts, processes, and societal issues.
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Abstract: The purpose of this teacher's manual is to teach students to better understand the
issues related to environmental health risks. The module opens with an activity calling
for students to rank a list of various environmental health risks and to compare their
results with those of scientific experts. Then students explore issues of drinking water
by investigating the use of chlorine to disinfect drinking water, and sampling
techniques used to provide information about environmental health risks and the basic
concepts of toxicology. Students also are introduced to components of environmental
health risks that can be compared on a quantitative basis and are asked to consider
personal actions they might take to reduce their exposure to environmental health risks
in their lives.
WORKSHOP AND GRANTEE MEETING: K- 12 ENVIRONMENTAL
HEAL TH SCIENCE EDUCA TION
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
National Institutes of Health
May 1997
Dr. Allen Dearry
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
P.O. Box 12233
MD: EC-21
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: (919)541-4943
E-mail: dearry@niehs.nih.gov
NIEHS's Home Page:
http://www.niehs.nih.gov
NIEHS's Outreach Programs Page:
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/od/k-12/allextra/htmffmaterial
Information not available
Meeting notes from a May 12-13, 1997, Workshop and Grantee Meeting
Schools, community, scientists, administrators
44 pages, including an Agenda, List of Participants, and Abstracts.
Abstract: The goal of this meeting was to increase student preparation and interest in
environmental health science, locally and nationally, to make students aware of
science career opportunities and to increase public awareness about the impact of
environmental agents on human health. The booklet is divided into four sections:
1) Workshop and Grantee Meeting: K-12 Environmental Health Science
Education
2) Grantees, Participants and NIEHS Staff
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3) Grantee Abstracts, Instructional Materials Development
4) Grantee Abstracts, Teacher Enhancement & Development
COMMUNITY-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: A
RESOURCE BOOK FOR PROTECTING ECOSYSTEMS AND
COMMUNITIES
\7
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
September 1997
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
EPA Publication No: EPA 230-B-96-003
Community-Based Environmental Protection Clearinghouse
Office of Sustainable Ecosystems and Communities (2184)
U.S. EPA
401 M Street SW
Washington, DC 20460
E-mail: cbep.handbook@epamail.epa.gov
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/catalog/EPA230B96003.html
Free
Resource book to assist people who wish to address their own
ecosystem protection concerns.
Communities, Private groups, and anyone interested in environmental
protection
A more than 100-page publication discussing EPA's Community-Based
Environmental Protection Program. This resource book provides the
following:
1) Chapter 1 - An Overview of Community-Based Environmental
Protection
2) Chapter 2 - Getting Started: Goal-Setting and Developing an
Organization
3) Chapter 3 - Assessing the Conditions of Local Ecosystems and Their
Effectiveness on Communities: Tools and Techniques
4) Chapter 4 - Strategies to Consider for Ecosystem Protection
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5) Chapter 5 - Evaluating and Choosing Strategies for Ecosystem
Protection Efforts
6) Appendix A: Technical Assistance Directory
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms
Appendix C: Understanding Ecosystems, An Ecosystem Primer
Abstract: EPA's Community-Based Environmental Protection (CBEP) initiative is designed to help
people become effective partners in protecting the environment, including the
ecosystems that support the physical and economic health of the places where they
live and work. The EPA Office of Sustainable Ecosystems and Communities has
compiled this book to identify practical approaches and tools to help communities
carry out their own ecosystem protection efforts.
NA TIONAL PTA INITIA TIVES OF THE EDUCA TION COMMISSION,
1997-1998 OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National PTA
1997
Judy Mountjoy-VP Programs
National PTA
1140 Englewood Dr.
Winston-Salem, NC 27016-5739
Phone: (336) 722-7609
Fax: (336) 722-7487
E-mail: vpprograms@pta.org
National PTA's Home Page:
http://www.pta.org
Information not available
National PTA Program Listing.
PTA members, schools, communities
A six-page listing of National PTA's Education Commission and Health
& Welfare Commission Initiatives.
Abstract: This listing includes bulleted descriptions of the following National PTA Initiatives:
Health & Welfare Commission 1997-1998 Initiatives:
1) Comprehensive School Health/HIV
2) Critical Viewing/Media Literacy
3) Environmental Issues
4) Nutrition Education
5) Safeguarding Your Children/Violence Prevention
6) School Bus Safety - Be Cool Follow the Rules
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7) Substance Abuse Prevention
8) Technology/Internet Safety
9) Tobacco Education
10) WebSite
Education Commission 1997-1998 Initiatives:
1) Arts in Education
2) Early Childhood Outreach
3) Family Information and Resource Centers
4) Parent and Family Involvement Teacher Training Pilot Project
5) Partnership for Family Involvement in Education
6) Hand in Hand: Parents, Schools & Communities United for Kids
7) National Coalition for Parent Involvement in Education (NCPIE)
8) Parent Plus: A Comprehensive Program for Parent Involvement
9) Teacher's Guide to Parent and Family Involvement
10) El Nido de la Familia (The Family Nest)
11) Ebony/National PTA Guide to Student Excellence
12) WebSite
INFORMATION FROM THE NATIONAL COALITION OF HISPANIC
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services
Organizations (COSSMHO)
1998
COSSMHO
Membership Services
1501 16th St. NW
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: (202) 387-5000
COSSMHO's Home Page:
http://www.COSSMHO.org/
Prices of some documents can be found at:
http://www.COSSMHO.org/catalog.html
Various information on COSSMHO and its programs.
Health care facilities in Hispanic neighborhoods, and others interested
in Hispanic health care
COSSMHO Fact Sheet
COSSMHO Membership Form
Tri-fold brochure titled "Health Care Across Cultures: Practical
Solutions To The Challenges Of Delivering Health Care Services to
Hispanic Communities"
-------
Abstract:
! Brochure on COSSMHO's 12th Biennial National Conference On
Hispanic Health and Human Services, Dorado, Puerto Rico
! COSSMHO's 1996 Catalog, which includes consumer materials,
training materials, professional resources, policy and research
materials, and hotline information
! Fact Sheet on "What Parents Should Know About Infant
Immunization"
! Fact Resources Kit Order Form
! "Las vacunas de mi bebe-My Baby's Immunization Book" Order
Form
! "Pittan news"— A newsletter designed for sharing knowledge in the
area of health care delivery to Hispanics.
! "The COSSMHO Reporter" Vol. 23, No. 1, September 1997 -
February 1998
COSSMHO's mission is to connect communities and create change to improve the
health and well being of Hispanics in the United States. Its vision is for strong healthy
Hispanic communities whose contributions are recognized and valued by a society
that fosters the health, well being, and prosperity of all its members. Priority areas
include women's health, environmental health, health system reform, and welfare
reform.
COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR HEALTHY CHILDREN: AN
INITIATIVE OF THE SIERRA HEALTH FOUNDATION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Sierra Health Foundation
January 21, 1994
Sierra Health Foundation
1321 Garden Hwy.
Sacramento, CA 95833
Phone: (916)922-4755
Fax: (916)922-4024
Sierra Health Foundation Home Page:
http://www.rurayob.cahwnet.gov/Sierra.htm
Information not available
Presentation materials describing the Sierra Health Foundation's
program on Community Partnerships for Healthy Children.
Communities in specific counties of northern California
Seventeen black-and-white overheads.
Abstract: The Sierra Health Foundation funds activities that benefit people within specific
northern California counties. The Community Partnerships for Healthy Children's
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program is a ten-year commitment to improving the health of young children (0-8
years) utilizing a community development strategy. The program's goals are to
improve children's health, assist communities, strengthen local structures, maximize
resources, and achieve lasting change. The program involves research activities, grant-
making programs (community development grants, program planning grants, and
implementation grants), grant monitoring and oversight, technical assistance, an
advisory committee, a communications strategy, and independent program
evaluations.
THE 1997 PAUL G. KEOUGH EARTH ARTISTS PROGRAM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 1
•x
1997
The Paul G. Keough Earth Artists Program
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building (RAA)
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 864-2042 or (617) 565-9447
Information not available
Free
Tri-fold brochure explaining the Earth Artists Program and rules
concerning the program's poem and poster contest.
Students in kindergarten through 6th grade
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: This brochure announces U.S. EPA Region 1's annual Paul G. Keough Earth Artists
Program. The program encourages interested students to create posters and poems that
suggest actions they and others can take to protect the environment and to enter them
into the program's contest. Rules, entry information, and award criteria are included in
the brochure.
RESOURCE GUIDE ON CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Children's Environmental Health Network
1997
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
To order copies of the Resource Guide, send your name, phone number
and shipping address along with a check payable to Public Health
Institute to:
Resource Guide on Children's Environmental Health
Children's Environmental Health Network
5900 HollisSt., Suite. E
Emeryville, CA 94608-2008
Call the Children's Environmental Health Network for further
information at (510) 450-3818 or E-mail Jackie Schwartz, Program
Coordinator atjschwartz@cehn.org
Children's Environmental Health Network Home Page:
http://www.cehn.org/
$15.00 each, plus $3.50 shipping and handling per guide. California
residents must add 8.25% sales tax ($1 .24 per guide). Bulk rates and
sliding scale rates are available.
Resource guide for identifying and accessing key resources in children's
environmental health.
Community leaders, policy makers, health and environmental
specialists, members of the Advocacy Committee, and general public
243-page guide containing information on government and private
organizations that conduct projects on behalf of children's health, data
sources, detailed index, introduction to the field of children's environ-
mental health, recommended reading list, and glossary of children's
environmental health terms.
This guide contains information on government and private
organizations that conduct a broad spectrum of environmental health
projects on behalf of children. Each organization's entry contains a
mission statement, description of environmental health activities, listing
of information the organization makes available to the public, and a
summary of issues and activities the organization pursues. It is structured
to allow the user easy access to a wide range of information about
children's environmental health.
YOUTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT
PROGRAM jOTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
U.S. EPA
April 1993
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA document number: EPA 832-F-93-001)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA832F93001.html
Information not available
Ten-page fact sheet showcases the success of EPA's Youth and the
Environment Program and encourages new communities to sponsor a
program.
High school youth
Descriptions of EPA's Youth and the Environment Program and
successes si nee 1990.
Abstract: This fact sheet describes EPA's Youth and the Environment Program that began in 1990
to introduce economically-disadvantaged urban and rural youth to career opportunities
in the environmental field by combining summer employment with training and
hands-on experience. It includes success stories in New England, Maryland,
Tennessee, Kansas City, and Denver, and provides information on how to sponsor a
program in a new area.
DECISIONS BASED ON SCIENCE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
National Science Teachers Association
1997
NSTA Science Store
P.O. Box90214
Washington, DC 20090-0214
Phone: (800) 722-6782
Fax: (703) 522-6091
(Refer to publication number P6 141X)
NSTA Science Store Home Page:
http://www.nsta.org/scistore
$19.95 + shipping and handling
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
140-page softbound book guides students to use scientific methods to
make decisions rather thanjust memorize. After mastering the skills of
decision making, students should be able to identify and state problems
and options, research risks and benefits, make decisions based on
rational methods, and present decisions coherently and logically.
Teachers and Students
Background information is provided in the teachers guide. In addition,
the book contains 10 guided activities with separate student and teacher
pages; extended learning with 14 independent exercises;
interdisciplinary links with life, physical, earth, and social sciences;
reference to social and ethical considerations; and assessment rubrics to
evaluate students' work.
Abstract: (See Content and Tool Type/Purpose sections)
URBAN RUNOFF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION/EDUCATION
PRODUCTS
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 5
February 1993
U.S. EPA Region 5
Publications Office
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
(800)621-8431
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 833-K-93-001)
Information not available
Information not available
200-page catalog that showcases existing programs, helps transfer
information for future activities, and attempts to avoid duplication of
efforts. It also can be used as an educational guide for school systems.
Federal, state, and local governments; schools; and the general public
The catalog contains information and educational materials related to
urban runoff, and storm water and construction activities, which are
categorized by media and type of publication. Each entry contains a
title, intended audience, description, and contact for ordering.
Abstract: (See Content section)
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How TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION PROPOSAL
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 1
1997
EPA Environmental Education Program
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203 (RAA)
Phone: (617)565-3574/9447
U.S. EPA Region 1's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/Region1
Information not available
Four-page bulletin to help communities prepare a winning grant
proposal for the fiscal year 1997 EPA Environmental Education Grant
Program.
Potential candidates for an EPA Environmental Education Grant
(See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Abstract: This bulletin helps grant writers ask appropriate questions about developing a
competitive grant proposal and includes a checklist for compiling a work plan and
reasons why proposals fail to get funded.
GRANT FUNDING FOR YOUR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
PROGRAM: STRA TEGIES AND OPTIONS «
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
North American Association for Environmental Education
and EPA
June 1993
NAAEE
Publications and Membership Office
P.O. Box 400
Troy, OH 45373
Information not available
$5.00
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
30-page booklet developed to help environmental education
practitioners prepare winning grant proposals for their environmental
education programs.
Environmental education practitioners
This booklet contains chapters on determining whether a grant is
appropriate to the practitioner's needs, grant sources, targeting grant-
seeking efforts, preparing a winning proposal, and resources.
Abstract: This is a basic guide for pursuing grant funding for environmental education. It offers
tips and outlines strategies for identifying and researching appropriate sources of
funding, preparing competitive proposals, and increasing the chance of success. It also
provides a list funding sources.
THE SUPERFUND JOBS TRAINING INITIATIVE (SUPER JTI)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
OTHER
U.S. EPA
January 1997
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA publication number: EPA 540-K-97-002)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA540K97002.html
Information not available
Two-page fact sheet to encourage communities to participate in EPA's
Superfund Job Training Initiative (Super JTI), which facilitates training of
local residents for positions with cleanup contractors.
General Public
Description of EPA's Super JTI program.
This fact sheet describes the purpose and management of Super JTI. It discusses the
components of the Super JTI, including pre-employment basicjobs training and
classroom instruction and apprenticeship training. It also describes how communities,
residents, and contractors can participate.
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A GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION RESOURCES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
OTHER
U.S. EPA Region 1
January 1996
EPA Environmental Education Program
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203 (RAA)
Phone: (617)565-3574/9447
U.S. EPA Region 1's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/Region1
Information not available
Two-page flyer providing samples of information on New England's
environmental education resources.
New England Schools
This flyer contains information about New England State Directories,
National/Regional Environmental Education Programs, and brief
descriptions and contacts on instructional materials on environmental
education for all grades.
Abstract: (See Content section)
SCHOOL RECYCLING PROGRAMS: A HANDBOOK FOR
EDUCATORS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA
August 1990
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 530-SW-90-023)
\7
96
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Web Site: Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA530SW90023.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 530SW90023):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
24-page booklet describing various school recycling programs.
School administrators, teachers, community leaders, and youth
organization leaders
Content: Introduction, Ten Steps to Get Started, and Facts Related to Different
Types of Recycling Programs.
Abstract: This booklet describes a number of school recycling program options, along with step-
by-step instructions on how to set one up. It focuses on implementing actual recycling
projects as a way of teaching the importance and benefits of recycling. Because school
recycling projects are excellent candidates for the President's Environmental Youth
Awards, which are administered by EPA, instructions for how schools can apply for
these regional and national awards also are detailed.
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
THE SAN FRANCISCO HEALTHY CHILDREN'S COMMUNITY
COLLABORATION'S APPLICATION FOR FUNDING TO THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Healthy Children Organizing Project
December 1997
Neil Gendel
Project Director of Healthy Children Organizing Project
717 Market Street Room 310
San Francisco, CA94103
Phone: (415) 777-9648
Fax: (415) 777-5267
Information not available
Information not available
The San Francisco Healthy Children's Community Collaboration's
completed application for EPA grant funding.
Families in the San Francisco area
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Content: The San Francisco Healthy Children's Community Collaboration's EPA
grant application for building a community-based collaboration for an
integrated approach to preventing childhood diseases, particularly in
low-income minority communities.
Abstract: The primary goal of The San Francisco Healthy Children's Community Collaboration is
to have healthy kids living in decent, healthy housing in all of its communities. To do
this, the Collaboration proposes in its application to:
1) Build its communities' capacity to create a long-term, community-based
children's health education "delivery system."
2) Mobilize government resources to educate the parents they serve.
3) Incorporate other preventable childhood disease information into its
educational activities.
4) Integrate its delivery system with the "traditional" health education system
to make both more effective.
5) Increase the number of children being tested for lead poisoning as part of
full, well child care.
6) Reduce lead hazards in private housing and public facilities.
FOOD
FIGHT BAG!™: KEEP FOOD SAFE FROM BACTERIA
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Partnership for Food Safety Education
1998
Partnership for Food Safety Education
800 Connecticut Avenue, NW (Suite 500)
Washington, DC 20006-2701
Phone: (202) 452-8444
Fax: (202) 429-4549
Fight Bac Home Page:
http://www.fightbac.org/
Free
Nationwide education campaign to convey four key principles of food
safety: wash hands and cooking utensils; prevent cross-contamination;
cook to proper temperatures; and store foods correctly.
General Public
This kit includes the following materials:
! Introductory letter
! Community tips on how your organizations can take part in this
nationwide food safety education campaign
98
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Abstract:
! Sample press release
! Newsletter article titled "(Organization) Joins In National Food
Safety Education Initiative"
! Fact Sheet
! Flyer titled "Foodborne Illness: How to Keep From Getting Sick"
! Four Radio Public Service announcements
! Camera-ready Tri-Fold brochure titled "Fight BAG!™: Four Simple
Steps to Food Safety" (in English and Spanish)
! Camera-ready artwork of the Fight BAG!™ logo and information
poster
! Color-separations for the Fight BAG!™ logo
! License to Use the Partnership for Food Safety Education's Marks
! [Royalty-Bearing Commercial] Trademark License Agreement
! Response Form: The partnership for Food Safety Education
This kit is designed to assist organizations in conducting state and local campaigns to
promote safe food handling. It is developed for flexible use and provides
implementation ideas and reproducible materials to spread the word through the local
media, community and civic centers, local clinics, and other information channels
about preparing and storing foods safely.
How To HELP AVOID FOODBORNE ILLNESS IN THE HOME
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
=/v.
The Lysol Company in cooperation with the Consumer __
Information Center (with review by USDA for technical NX
accuracy)
1997
Consumer Information Center
Consumer Information Center Home Page:
http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/food.htm
Full Text of Brochure:
http://www. pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/food/food born/food born, txt
Online Ordering Information:
http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cgi-bin/tame/cic_shop/cicshop.htm
Free
Four-Fold Brochure.
General Public
Information on the problems and solutions to foodborne illnesses in the
home.
Abstract: Each year, an estimated 80 million Americans suffer from foodborne illness, more
commonly referred to as food poisoning. This brochure provides information on the
99
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causes of foodborne illness and ways to prevent it in the home. It includes information
on common bacteria and ways cross contamination of food can occur in the kitchen. It
includes tips on shopping, storing, preparing, and serving safely-prepared food. It also
provides information on ways that soap and water and antibacterial kitchen products
can help to prevent foodborne illness.
"OVEREXPOSED: ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES IN
CHILDREN'S FOOD"
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Environmental Working Group
January 1998
Environmental Working Group
Environmental Working Group Home Page:
http://www.ewg.org/
Abstract and downloadable version of the report:
http://www.ewg.org/pub/home/reports/ops/oppress.html
Free on the web
Downloaded Environmental Working Group report on
"Organophosphates in Food" at the web site address listed above.
Parents, Day-Care Workers, and Cafeteria Staff
! A press release of the report
! Executive Summary
! Sections on:
Food Quality Protection Act Mandates Extra Protection For Kids
High Risk Pesticides
Conclusions
Recommendations
This report was written in response to the Food Quality Protection Act, passed
unanimously by Congress in 1996, which requires all pesticides to be safe for infants
and children. This report was the first comprehensive analysis of exposure to
organophosphate pesticides in the U.S. food supply. It is based on more than 80,000
samples of food tested by USDA and FDA.
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FEEDING BABY SAFELY: FACTS, FADS, AND FALLACIES
Developer/Publisher: American Council on Science and Health
Date Developed: 1996
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Council on Health and Science
1995 Broadway, 2nd floor
New York, NY 10023-5860
Phone: (212)362-7044
Fax: (212) 362-4919
E-mail: acsh@acsh.org
American Council on Health and Science Home Page:
http://www.acsh.org
Abstract and downloadable version of the booklet:
http://www.acsh.org/publications/booklets/feedingbaby.html
Free text available off the Internet at the address listed above.
Hard copies can be obtained for $5.00 each, $2.50 each for members.
Reduced prices for orders of 10 or more copies.
Information booklet explaining how to safely feed children.
Parents of infants and small children
Information on food safety, including safe food temperatures,
microorganisms, choking hazards, ingredients, and nutrition.
Abstract: This book is aimed at teaching parents how to safely feed their children. It explains
how parents should choose food for their children wisely, introduce new foods
correctly, and follow certain precautions when feeding their children. It also discusses
food allergies, food sensitivity, nutrition, and baby food costs. It includes an ACSH
publications list and membership/order form.
DOES NATURE KNOW BEST? NATURAL CARCINOGENS AND
ANTICARCINOGENS IN AMERICA rs FOOD
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
American Council on Science and Health
December 1996
American Council on Health and Science
1995 Broadway, 2nd floor
New York, NY 10023-5860
Phone: (212)362-7044
Fax: (212)362-4919
E-mail: acsh@acsh.org
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Council on Health and Science Home Page:
http://www.acsh.org
Abstract and downloadable version of the booklet:
http://www.acsh.org/publications/booklets/nature.html
Free text available off the Internet at the address listed above.
Hard copies can be obtained for $5.00 each, $2.50 each for members.
Reduced prices for orders of 10 or more copies.
44-page booklet that discusses natural carcinogens and anticarginogens
found in food.
General Public
Information on carcinogens and mutagens, natural carcinogens and
toxicants in foods, a survey of natural carcinogens and anticarcinogens
in food, information on what is safe, and conclusions.
Abstract: This booklet is designed to provide information on carcinogens and anticarcinogens in
food and guidelines on what people should be eating, including discussions on natural
vs. synthetic foods, as well as what people should include in their diets.
GROWING FOOD CROPS ON CITY LOTS
U.S. EPA Region 5
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
June 1994
David P. Macarus, Ph.D.
Pesticides Section
U.S. EPA Region 5 (OT-8J)
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
Information not available
Information not available
One-page fact sheet on the concerns about growing food crops on city
lots.
Members of the public who are interested in growing a garden on a city
lot
Information on evaluating the land, dealing with contaminated land, and
obtaining more information.
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Abstract: City lots can be used to produce food crops, but some lots may have been
contaminated from industrial or private use or illegal dumping. The kinds of
contamination that might enter food crops include metals and organic chemicals. This
one-page fact sheet provides general recommendations when considering whether to
grow a food crop on land that may have been contaminated.
A TASTE OF ENGLISH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1994
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street, Suite 910
Arlington, VA 22209
(703)528-4141
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
Teacher Manual: $25
Student Manual: $12
English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) book on nutrition.
Low-literacy learners
A low-literacy ESL book that teaches basic nutrition and includes
illustrations, recipes, flashcards and glossary. The teacher manual is 200
pages. The student workbook is 126 pages.
Abstract: This ESL book provides basic nutrition education information while increasing
student's vocabulary. Basic dietary guidelines are followed, incorporating health
concerns. Information regarding food programs and resources, such as WIC & Food
Stamp program, are included.
THE FARMWORKER NUTRITION EDUCATION RESOURCE GUIDE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
May 1993
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street, Suite 910
Arlington, VA 22209
(703)528-4141
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
$10 per book
Listing of education materials on nutrition for use with farmworker
families.
Farmworker service providers and health/nutrition educators
Book listing publications, videos, pamphlets, and fact sheets on a variety
of nutrition-related subjects, including ordering information and related
prices. The book is 116 pages.
Abstract: This detailed directory of nutrition education materials will help service providers find
appropriate materials available in various languages. Publications are categorized by
content, and include:
Pregnancy
Breast-feeding
Infant Care
Diabetes
Dental Care
Cancer
Cardiovascular Issues
RADIO NUTRICION SERVICE PROVIDER'S KIT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1996
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street, Suite 910
Arlington, VA 22209
(703)528-4141
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
$50 per kit
Vinyl binder with six audio cassette tapes containing four radio mini-
dramas, one public service announcement, and recorded radio talk
shows. A bilingual service provider's guide is included.
Service providers targeting low-literacy Hispanics
The four radio mini-dramas are in Spanish and last 4 to 5 minutes each.
Topics covered are:
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! Diabetes
! High Blood Pressure
! Heart Disease
! Smart Shopping and Pregnancy
Abstract: This Service Providers kit can be used by a nutrition educator to implement a radio
social marketing outreach nutrition project for Hispanics. The tapes can be played on
a local radio station and accompanied by a call-in show as part of a radio campaign.
The tapes also can be used in a nutrition education program. The guide provides
detailed information on program development and evaluation as well as mini-drama
scripts in English and Spanish.
RADIO NUTRICION SUPPLEMENTAL EDITION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1997
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs
1611 North Kent Street, Suite 910
Arlington, VA 22209
(703)528-4141
Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs Home Page:
http://www.afop.org
$25 per kit
Vinyl binder with two audio cassette tapes containing four radio mini-
dramas on nutrition. A service providers guide accompanies the set.
Low-literacy Hispanics
The four radio mini-dramas are in Spanish and lasts 4 to 5 minutes each.
Each tape cover nutrition topics of concern to the Hispanic community:
! Nutrition of Children
! Adolescents
! Pregnant Women
! The Elderly
This tape set can be used by health educators to implement a radio social-marketing
outreach campaign on nutrition education for migrant and seasonal farmworkers. The
tapes can be played on a local radio station, accompanied by a radio call-in show for
question-and-answer sessions. The tapes also can be used by health educators in a
variety of other settings. The service guide provides detailed information on program
development and evaluation, as well as scripts in English and Spanish.
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HEALTH END POINTS
ASTHMA
OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (Edited by Claude Albee
Frazier, M.D.)
Copyright 1980 by Litton Educational Publishing, Inc.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
135 West 50th Street
New York, NY 10020
Library of Congress Number 79-15305
Information not available
Information not available
Book to assist practicing physicians and medical researchers in
diagnosing and treating occupational asthma.
Researchers and physicians
Hard cover book containing 20 chapters (361 pages) covering such
problems as meatwrapper's syndrome and farmer's lung.
Abstract: This book contains detailed information on the diagnosis and treatment of various
types of asthma, including occupational asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and
meatwrapper's asthma. It discusses radiographic findings that explain and illustrate
normal and asthmatic chest radiographs and describes asthma hazards, prevalence,
and symptoms related to the inhalation of different types of dust particles, such as
industrial dust and flour. The book also covers recent research results on allergies to
industrial air pollutants, and on pulmonary abnormalities from marijuana and drug
abuse.
ALLERGIES IN CHILDREN: GUIDELINES FOR PARENTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
American Academy of Pediatrics
1997
American Academy of Pediatrics
Division of Publications
141 North West Point Blvd.
P.O. Box 927
Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Publications and Services:
http://www.aap.org/pubserv/pubhome.htm
Non-Member Price: $29.95/100
AAP Member Price: $24.95/100
(Minimum orderlOO copies)
Tool Type/Purpose: Five-fold brochure to inform parents about allergies in children.
Target Audience: Parents
Content: Guidelines, which are available in English and Spanish., to help parents
understand allergies and how to help children with allergies.
Abstract: This brochure defines allergy and related terms, describes the causes and symptoms of
common allergies, how to distinguish an allergy from a cold, when the first allergic
reaction is likely to occur, drug treatments, when a visit to an allergy specialist is
necessary, and what parents can do. The brochure also covers milk allergies.
How To HELP YOUR CHILD WITH ASTHMA: GUIDELINES FOR
PARENTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Academy of Pediatrics
1997
American Academy of Pediatrics
Division of Publications
141 North West Point Blvd.
P.O. Box 927
Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927
Publications and Services:
http://www.aap.org/pubserv/pubhome.htm
Non-Member Price: $29.95/100
AAP Member Price: $24.95/100
(Minimum order: 100 copies)
Six-panel brochure to assist parents in helping their children with
asthma.
Parents
Guidelines to help parents better understand asthma, its causes, and
different asthma treatments.
Abstract: This brochure describes asthma, the medications used to treat it, and asthma causes
and symptoms. It provides information to help parents decide whether their child's
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asthma is getting worse or is under control. It also discusses the use of peak flow
meters that measure the rate of air flow in the lung.
CAPTAIN AMERICA ™
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
\7
Marvel Comics in cooperation with the American Academy
of Pediatrics
1995
American Academy of Pediatrics
Division of Publications
141 North West Point Blvd.
P.O. Box 927
Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927
AAP Publications and Services:
http://www.aap.org/pubserv/pubhome.htm
Non-Member Price: $39.95/50
AAP Member Price: $34.95/50
(Minimal order 50 copies)
Comic book to teach kids about exercise-induced asthma.
Children who suffer from exercise-induced asthma
Comic book that uses the Captain America™ character to teach children
about exercise-induce asthma.
Abstract: Captain America encourages Dawn's baseball coach to overcome his fear of letting her
play on the baseball team because of her exercise-induced asthma.
ZAP ASTHMA
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Zap Asthma, Inc.
1998
Stephen Margolis, PhD
Visiting Professor
Center for Public Health Practice
Rollins School of Public Health @ Emory University
1518 Clifton Road, Rm. 660
Phone: (404) 727-4254
Fax: (404) 727-9198
e-mail: smarg01@sph.emory.edu
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Web Site:
Information not available
Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose: Folder containing information on the Zap Asthma, Inc., program for
Atlanta, Georgia's, empowerment zone residents.
Target Audience:
Content:
Anyone concerned about asthma
Folder includes the following information:
1) Update on National Data on Asthma
2) The Atlanta Empowerment Zone: Prevention Partnership, Asthma
Demonstration Project
3) Newspaper Article from the Atlanta Constitution, Thursday, July
24, 1997. "$5 Million ZAP Asthma Program Gets Underway."
4) ZAP Asthma Consortium, Inc., Board of Directors, December 10,
1997
5) ZAP Asthma Public Private Partnership Model
6) ZAP Asthma Takes Off in Atlanta
7) Why Ebonie Can't Breathe. Newsweek Article dated May 26,
1997
8) Zap Asthma Videotape
Abstract: Zap Asthma is a community-based asthma prevention program involving a multi-sector
public, private, and community partnership. The program strives to demonstrate
environmental control and health education strategies that decrease asthma morbidity
in the Atlanta empowerment zone. The program's objectives are to: 1) improve the
quality of life of children with asthma; 2) decrease child morbidity from asthma-related
illnesses; and 3) decrease children's exposure to environmental risk factors.
RESOURCE DIRECTORY: A GUIDE TO ASTHMA PROGRAMS AND
SERVICES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Chicago Asthma Consortium in cooperation with the
American Lung Association of Metropolitan Chicago and the College of
Chest Physicians
Information not available
Chicago Asthma Consortium
1440 West Washington Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60607
Phone: (312)243-1560
Fax: (312)243-3954
Chicago Asthma Consortium Home Page:
http://www.chicagoasthma.org
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
60-page resource guide on asthma programs in Chicago, as well as
listings of educational materials on asthma.
Target Audience: Health professionals, community organizations, and asthma patients
Content: (See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Abstract: The first section of this resource directory offers a list of Chicago asthma programs,
their descriptions, and contact information. The second section is devoted to providing
the titles and short abstracts of available asthma education material.
ASTHMA: LEARNING TO CONTROL YOUR SYMPTOMS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Academy of Family Physicians
1993
American Academy of Family Physicians
8880 Ward Pkwy.
Kansas City, MO 64114-2797
Phone: (800) 944-0000
Fax: (816)822-0580
American Academy of Family Physicians Home Page:
http://www.aafp.org
Ordering information:
http://www.aafp.org/catalog/patient/asthma.html
$14.95
Videotape
Anyone interested in learning more about asthma
The video covers a variety of topics concerning asthma including:
1) How to deal with the stress of an asthma diagnosis
2) Learning to identify what triggers asthma attacks
3) Changes to make in your home to reduce asthma triggers
4) When to call a doctor
5) Commonly prescribed asthma medications and how to use them
correctly
6) How to recognize signs that asthma is getting worse
Abstract: This video provides valuable information about how to manage asthma effectively for
people of all ages. Whether you or a member of your family hasjust been diagnosed
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with asthma or you have been living with asthma and would like to learn more, this
video can provide tips on how to control the disease so it doesn't control you.
BREATHE EASY: YOUNG PEOPLE'S GUIDE TO ASTHMA
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
\7
Magination Press of the American Psychological Association
1994
Magination Press of the American Psychological Association
750 1st St. NE
Washington, DC 20002
Phone: (800) 374-2721
Abstract and Ordering Information:
http://www.maginationpress.com/breathe.html
$9.95
Guidebook available in English and Spanish that includes illustrations,
diagrams, and self quizzes.
8-13 year olds
This Guidebook includes information on:
How to recognize situations that trigger asthma—and how to avoid
them
How asthma medicines work
How to handle teasing about asthma from others
How relaxation techniques help to control asthma
How to communicate better with the doctor...and more!
Abstract: (See Content section)
BRONKIE THE BRONCHIASAURUS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Raya Systems
1992
Raya Systems
2570 W. El Camino Real, Suite 309
Mountain View, CA 94040
Phone: (415)949-2672
OTHER
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Web site where children can e-mail and play with Bronkie, as well as
read his story, and read Bronkie's answers to questions he has received
from children with asthma:
http://www.thriveonline.com/health/asthma/kids/index.html
Information not available
Super Nintendo™ videogame featuring Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus, who
suffers from asthma.
Children with asthma
Super Nintendo™ videogame and instruction booklet.
Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus is intended for children and teens who have asthma and
other people who want to know more about it. Bronkie is designed to be engaging,
challenging, and fun. Players must make asthma management decisions successfully in
order to win the game. As make choices and see the consequences, players learn
important skills and gain the confidence to manage asthma effectively in their own
lives.
Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus is a videogame for the Super Nintendo™ Entertainment
System. It will be available for Windows 95 computers later this year. Bronkie has
been reviewed and endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
ASTHMA AND THE ROLE OF AIR POLLUTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1997
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1101 14th Street, NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202)898-0150
Fax: (202)898-0172
Physicians for Social Responsibility Home Page:
http://www.psr.org
Downloadable version of the document:
http://www.psr.org/lfinalas.pdf
Information not available
Fact sheet on the role that air pollution has on asthma.
Primary Care Physicians
OTHER
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Content:
Background information on asthma and answers to the following
questions:
What is asthma
Who is affected
Outdoor air pollution
Indoor air pollution
What can physicians do
Additional Resources
Abstract: (See Content section)
BIRTH DEFECTS
MARCH OF DIMES PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
CATALOG
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1994
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
National Office
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
March of Dimes Home Page:
http://www.modimes.org
Information not available
Catalog of Public Health Education Materials.
General Public
Catalog of materials promoting reproductive health for women and men
of child-bearing age.
Abstract: The mission of the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation is to improve the health
of babies by preventing birth defects and infant mortality. Through the Campaign for
Healthier Babies, the March of Dimes funds programs of research, community service,
education, and advocacy. This catalog includes an annotated, alphabetical list of
materials related to preventing birth defects and infant mortality. In separate sections,
the materials are grouped by topic and audience. The materials vary in terms of format
and target audience.
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CANCER
HANDLE WITH CARE: CHILDREN AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CARCINOGENS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Natural Resources Defense Council
October 1994
NRDC Publications
40 West 20th Street
New York, NY 10011
Phone: (212)727-2700
List of NRDC Publications:
http://www.igc.apc.org/nrdc/nrdcpro/inx/publ.html
NRDC Order Form:
http://mail.igc.apc.org/nrdc/nrdcpro/order/publform.html
Print version, $7.50
50-page informational booklet.
Policy-makers, parents, and others interested in the effects of
environmental carcinogens on children
Cancer incidence, multiple exposures, and call for action.
This booklet discusses the exposure routes and effects of 10 pesticides and 11 other
synthetic chemicals. The booklet raises concern about multiple exposures and
discusses the current regulatory status of each chemical. It is written in a concise, easy-
to-understand language and provides an appendix of contacts for additional
information. The Call For Action consists of the following:
1) Incorporate children's unique exposures in government standards.
2) Establish a Federal Government database on children's exposures to carcinogens.
3) Identify risks from carcinogens in consumer and household products.
4) Issue public summaries on known carcinogens.
CANCER AND THE ENVIRONMENT: WHAT THE PRIMARY CARE
PHYSICIAN SHOULD KNOW
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1997
I
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1101 14th Street, NW
Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202)898-0150
Fax: (202)898-0172
Physicians for Social Responsibility Home Page:
http://www.psr.org
Information not available
Eight-page brochure that relays to physicians the latest information on
cancer and chemicals in the environment and helps physicians
communicate cancer information to patients.
Primary care physicians
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: This brochure describes cancer as a complex, multifactorial disease, and discusses
current knowledge about the causes of cancer, cancer incidence, environmental
triggers of cancer, children's vulnerability, information gaps, and answers to
frequently-asked questions.
GENERAL
ATSDR CHILD HEALTH INITIATIVE—INVENTORY OF CHILD
HEALTH ACTIVITIES 1997
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public
Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
1997
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
ATTN: Chief Medical Officer
1600 Clinton Rd., NE (E-28)
Atlanta, GA 30333
Additional Copies:
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, VA
Phone: (703) 487-4650
Request Publication Number: PB97-174411
ATSDR's Child Health Initiative Home Page:
http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/child/
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Inventory of ATSDR's child health activities, developed as part of
ATSDR's Child Health Initiative to ensure healthy children in a healthy
environment.
General Public
This 237-page soft-cover book includes an executive summary and an
inventory of 1 19 activities that address the environmental health of
children in our nation. Each activity contains objectives, a description, a
categorization, status information, project period, primary contact, and
external partners.
The executive summary describes ATSDR's comprehensive approach to promoting the
environmental health of sensitive populations, especially that of children. It also
describes some of the major programmatic activities in ATSDR's four divisions-
Division of Toxicology, Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, Division of
Health Studies, Division of Health Education and Promotion. The executive summary
is followed by descriptions of 119 activities.
PRIORITIES IN CARING FOR YOUR CHILDREN: A PRIMER FOR
PARENTS
Developer/Publisher: American Council on Science and Health
Date Developed: November 1994
Contact Information: American Council on Science and Health, Inc.
1995 Broadway, Second Floor
New York, NY 10023-5860
Phone: (212)362-7044
Fax: (212)362-4919
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
American Council on Science and Health, Inc. Home Page:
http://www.acsh.org/
Abstract and complete text of document:
http://www.acsh.org/publications/booklets/carchild.html
The complete text of this booklet may be downloaded for free from the
web site listed above. A single hard-copy can be ordered for $3.85. The
price is reduced if ten or more copies are ordered.
Twenty-six page booklet aimed at providing specific advice to parents
on health and safety issues.
Parents of children eighteen years of age or younger
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Content: Chapter titles:
Health and Safety Issues From Birth Through 12 Months
Health and Safety Issues From Age 1-4 Years
Health and Safety Issues From Age 5-9 Years
Health and Safety Issues From Age 10-18 Years
Leading Causes of Death and Hospitalization for Different Age
Groups
Abstract: The purpose of this booklet is to assist parents in setting priorities for children's health
and safety. It provides specific information on health and safety concerns, such as
sudden infant death syndrome, poisoning, burns, drowning, and drugs, for several age
groups and a table of the leading causes of death and hospitalization by age group.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH THREATS TO CHILDREN, 1996
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
September 1996
US. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA
45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 175-F-96-001)
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 175F96001):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
This document is available free on the Web site listed above
Report on how children's health is directly and uniquely affected by the
environment.
Policy-makers, families, and communities
Thirteen-page report describing how and why children are affected by
environmental threats.
Abstract: This report briefly describes the wide array of environmental concerns to children's
health and details the Clinton Administration's substantial efforts to protect children. It
includes an Executive Summary and EPA's National Agenda to Protect Children's
Health from Environmental Threats.
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THE ABCs OF CLEAN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Soap and Detergent Association (SDA)
1990
The Soap and Detergent Association
475 Park Avenue South
New York, NY 10016
Phone: (212) 725-1262
Fax: (212) 213-0685
SDA's Home Page:
http://www.sdahq.org/
SDA's Health and Safety page, which includes an ordering link for
the ABCs of Clean:
http://sdahq.org/sdalatest/html/health_&_safety.html
Complete Program: $20.00 each
Classroom packet (all materials except videotape): $5.00 each
A Hand Washing and Cleanliness Program for Head Start and Early
Childhood Programs.
Children, teachers, and parents
Teacher's Guide for implementing the program
Story, cassette, poster, and black-and-white coloring pages
for the "Hooray for Hand Washing" series
Two-page Family Guides to Better Health (English and
Spanish versions)
"The ABCs of Clean" is a fun, easy way to teach children good health
habits. It is a program that stresses the importance of Hand Washing and
surface cleaning and gives tips for helping reduce the spread of
infectious diseases in child care settings and at home. There are lively
songs, stories, and creative activities included in the Teacher's Guide,
which includes the "Hooray For Hand Washing" series used to teach
children why it is important to clean their hands after play.
CLEAN AND SAFE: THE FACTS ABOUT USING HOUSEHOLD
CLEANING PRODUCTS EFFECTIVELY AND SAFELY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Soap and Detergent Association (SDA)
1993
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The Soap and Detergent Association
475 Park Avenue South
New York, NY 10016
Phone: (212) 725-1262
Fax: (212) 213-0685
SDA's Home Page:
http://www.sdahq.org/
SDA's Health and Safety page, which includes a link to SDA's Clean
and Safe Program:
http://sdahq.org/sdalatest/html/health_&_safety.html
Free
Eight-page brochure with information on household cleaning products.
Child care and health care professionals, educators, and parents
Information about product labeling, the whys and hows of cleaning and
disinfecting, safe use and storage of household cleaning products,
accident prevention, mix-at-home household cleaning products, and
additional education materials.
Abstract: (See Content section)
ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES FROM A TO Z
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Information not available
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
NIEHS Office of Communication
Attn: John Peterson
P.O. Box12233
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: (919)541-7860
For ordering information and a web version of the brochure:
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/a2z/home.htm
Free
Pamphlet revealing various illnesses and afflictions that are caused by
environmental contaminants.
General Public
Descriptive text accompanied by related illustrations.
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Abstract: This pamphlet informs the public about environmental diseases, what causes them,
and their effect on the human body. The format of the pamphlet is in a very simple,
easy-to-read text accompanied by colorful and amusing illustrations.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
HOMES
MASTER HOME ENVIRONMENTALIST PROGRAM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
American Lung Association
October 1996
American Lung Association of Washington
2625 3rd Avenue
Seattle, WA 98121-1200
Phone: (206) 441-5100 or (800) 732-9339
Fax: (206)441-3277
American Lung Association of Washington Home Page:
http://www.alaw.org/
Master Home Environmentalist Program Page:
http://www.alaw.org/mhe.html
Training is provided free of charge.
Brochure describing the program.
Anyone wishing to learn how to identify indoor health hazards that
contribute to allergies, asthma and chemical sensitivities, and how to
alleviate these hazards.
Manual and subsequent community volunteer 40-hour training.
This program is a grassroots volunteer-driven program to help people learn more about
health risks from pollutants in their home. Volunteers are the key to the program. After
completing an extensive training on lead, dust, indoor air, household hazardous
chemicals, and moisture problems in the home, volunteers provide community
outreach and education on these issues. They also conduct free home assessments and
develop special projects to reach families with young children, people who are
planning to remodel their homes, the elderly, and neighborhoods.
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MASTER HOME ENVIRONMENTALIST: DO-IT-YOURSELF HOME
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT LIST (HEAL)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
American Lung Association of Washington in cooperation
with the Washington Toxics Coalition and the Home Toxics Task Force
(Version: 9/96)
September 1996
American Lung Association
2625 3rd Avenue
Seattle, WA 98121-1200
Phone: (206) 441-5100 or (800) 732-9339
Fax: (206)441-3277
American Lung Association of Washington Home Page:
http://www.alaw.org/
Master Home Environmentalist Program Page:
http://www.alaw.org/mhe.html
Information not available
Survey and Action Plan for reducing health risks in homes.
Residents who want to learn how to make their home a healthier place.
Targeted specifically at families with young children, the elderly, those
planning to remodel, and neighborhoods.
Ten-page survey and action plan divided into the following sections:
Residents: Age, health, habits, pet ownership
Building: Age, construction, temperature
Nearby Environment: Proximity to various industries, neighbors,
road ways
Dust and Lead Control: Paint condition in home, carpeting, cleaning
habits, ventilation, heat sources
Moisture Problems: Appliances, leaks, sewage, basement, drainage,
ventilation
Indoor Air: Type of home, flooring material, asbestos, radon, garage,
stove, furnace, heater
Hazardous Household Products: What and how often are products
used and what protection is used by the person using the cleaner
List of contacts and telephone numbers for information, testing, and
other services.
This list's main purpose is to educate residents about ways to reduce health risks in
their home. After completing the survey, residents can refer to the accompanying
Home Action Plan to determine what, if any, actions they need to take to reduce any
health risks. Many of the suggestions in the Action Plan are no cost or low cost
measures. The Program recommends that residents get help from experts in setting
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priorities and making final decisions to address health risks, especially if large sums of
money or major alterations to the home are needed.
HOME SAFE HOME FOR YOUR EXPLORER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Soap and Detergent Association
1981
The Soap and Detergent Association
475 Park Avenue South
New York, NY 10016
Phone: (212) 725-1262
Fax: (212) 213-0685
The Soap and Detergent Association Home Page:
http://www.sdahq.org/
Ordering Information:
http://sdahq.org/sdalatest/html/health_&_safety.html
Free
Pocket-sized brochure with information on how to make a home safer
for small children (available in English and Spanish).
Children, teachers, and parents
Information on how to protect children in the home, an "In Case Of
Emergency" card to be displayed in your home, and a list of some
"easy" ways to prevent accidents in your home.
Abstract: This pocket-sized brochure is aimed at teaching parents with small children ways to
keep their home safe from household hazards.
THE INSIDE STORY: A GUIDE TO INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
U.S. EPA and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC)
April 1995
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
EPA's IAQ Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Box37133
Washington, DC, 20013-7133
(800) 438-4318 or (202) 484-1307
Fax: (202)484-1510
(Refer to publication number: EPA 402-K-93-007)
Full text of document:
http://stores.us.ohio-state.edu/-
-steen/allergy/EPA_indoor_airguide.html
The full text of this document is available free of charge on the Internet
(see web site address above).
Single copies of this booklet are available free of charge from EPA's IAQ
Information Clearinghouse (see Contact section).
Multiple copies may be purchased from the Government Printing Office.
Call (202) 783-3238 or send check or money order for $44.00 (25 per
package) to: Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA, 15250-7954. Include the stock number
055-000-00441-2.
Booklet to assist readers in making decisions about whether they should
take actions that can reduce the level of indoor air pollution in their own
homes.
People wishing to improve air quality in their home
36 pages, including the following information:
1) Air Pollution Sources in the Home
2) Indoor Air Quality in Your Home
3) What if You Live in an Apartment
4) Improving the Air Quality in Your Home
5) A Look at Source-Specific Controls
A) Radon
B) Environmental Tobacco Smoke
C) Biological Contaminants
D) Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys
E) Household Products
F) Formaldehyde
G) Pesticides
H) Asbestos
I) Lead
6) Reference Guide to Major Indoor Air Pollutants in the Home
7) When Building a New Home
8) Do You Suspect Your Office Has an Indoor Air Pollution
9) Where to go for Additional Information
Abstract: The guidelines in this booklet aim to help consumers determine if their indoor
environments are breeding grounds for serious risk from cumulative effects of sources
of pollution.
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How HEALTHY is THE AIR IN YOUR HOME? A ROOM-BY-ROOM
CHECKLIST FOR YOUR HOME'S INDOOR AIR
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Consumer Federation of America through a Cooperative
Agreement with the U.S. EPA
Information not available
Available free on EPA's National Environmental Publications Internet
Site at the web site address listed below or from:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 402-F-97-001)
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 402F97001):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
Eight-page four-fold brochure.
General Public
A room-by-room checklist for indoor pollutants.
This checklist can be used to identify indoor pollutants. For each room, the checklist
provides a list of different household products, the indoor air problems associated with
them, and remedies intended to help decrease a family's exposure to indoor
pollutants. A summary of adverse health effects or symptoms associated with different
pollutants also is included.
BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS IN YOUR HOME
Developer/Publisher: American Lung Association
Date Developed: Information not available
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Contact Information: Single copies of the booklet may be requested by sending a post card to:
Publication Request
Office Of Information And Public Affairs
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Washington, DC 20207
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Home Page:
http://www.cpsc.gov/
Single copies are free
11 -page fold-out booklet.
Anyone interested in biological pollutants in indoor environments.
Information on biological pollutants and their health effects.
Abstract: This booklet describes 1) what indoor biological pollution is, 2) whether one's home
or lifestyle promotes its development, and 3) how to control its growth and buildup.
HOME CONTROLS OF ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Lung Association
Information not available
Your local American Lung Association at (800) LUNG-USA.
American Lung Association's Home Page:
http://www.lungusa.org/
Information not available
Eight-page tri-fold brochure.
Anyone interested in learning how to control allergies and asthma in the
home
Information on controlling allergies and asthma in the home.
Abstract: This brochure provides information on:
air particles we breathe
asthma and allergy "triggers"
outdoor air, indoor air, and air conditioning
trigger controls
general rules to help control the home environment
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HEALTHY INDOOR AIR FOR AMERICA rs HOMES—AN INDOOR
AIR QUALITY TRAINING HANDBOOK FOR STATE PROGRAM
MANAGERS AND COMMUNITY EDUCATORS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Team of Extension Service Housing Specialists with funding by
U.S. EPA and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
November 1996
Mike Vogel
MSU Extension
Montana State University
Taylor Hall
Bozeman, MT59717
Phone: (406) 994-3451
Fax: (406) 994-5417
E-Mail: acxmv@msu.oscs.montana.edu
Healthy Indoor Air for America's Homes Indoor Air Quality Training
Handbook Web Site:
http://www.montana.edu/wwwcxair/notebook.html
Much of the information in this training manual is available for free off
the Internet at the web site address above. A complete manual is
available for $55, which includes shipping to other educational
institutions only (allow 6-8 weeks for delivery). Faster shipping is
available at an additional charge. Orders can be faxed, phoned or
mailed to Mike Vogel at the address listed in the Contact section.
An action-oriented handbook designed as a self-guided and self-
contained guidance manual to assist state program managers and local
community educators in developing educational programs related to
issues and influences of home indoor air quality.
State Program Managers and Community Educators
This three-ring binder hand book is divided by the following tabs:
1) Handbook Overview
2) Introduction to Home Indoor Air Quality
3) Program Action Plan
4) IAQ Building Science
5) IAQ Health Risk Perception
6) IAQ Instructional Modules Introduction
7) Home IAQ Overview Instructional Module
8) Bugs, Mold, and Rot Instructional Module
9) Lead in the Home Instructional Module
10) Formaldehyde in the Home Instructional Module
11) Radon in the Home Instructional Module
12) Combustion Pollutants in the Home Instructional Module
13) Carbon Monoxide in the Home Instructional Module
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14) Hidden Environmental Hazards for the Home Remodeler
Instructional Module
15) Household Products Instructional Module
16) IAQ Program Implementation Strategies
17) Program Buy-In Tips
18) IAQ Marketing and Media Support
19) Detection and Self-Assessments
20) IAQ Program Evaluations
21) IAQ Publication Listing
22) IAQ Video Listing
23) IAQ Computer Applications
24) IAQ Extension Resources
25) Miscellaneous
This handbook contains nine instructional modules dealing with the
most significant residential indoor air quality issues:
1. Home IAQ Overview
2. Bugs, Mold, and Rot
3. Lead in the Home
4. Formaldehyde in the Home
5. Radon in the Home
6. Combustion Pollutants in the Home
7. Carbon Monoxide in the Home
8. Hidden Environmental Hazards for the Home Remodeler
9. Household Products
Abstract: This handbook was developed as part of a collaborative interagency effort to increase
the knowledge and understanding of residential indoor air quality issues by the general
public. The goal of the project is to protect public health by reducing risks associated
with indoor air contamination. A team of six extension housing specialists representing
the four regions of the U.S. (Northeast, South, Central, and West) was selected, with
Dr. Michael P. Vogel, Montana State University Extension Housing Specialist, as
Project Leader. The project teams's goal in the creation of this program was to extract
information from nationally-available materials and condense this information into a
basic but comprehensive set of materials that could be used by local community
educators with little or no background in residential indoor air quality issues. To
support the instructional modules, the project team selected consumer publications
available from several national indoor air quality information centers.
HOMEOWNER'S GUIDE TO VENTILATION
Developer/Publisher: EPA with the New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority (NYSERDA)
Date Developed: Information not available
127
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
NYSERDA
Corporate Plaza West
286 Washington Avenue Extension
Albany, NY 12203-6399
Phone: (518) 862-1090, ext. 3311
Fax: (518)862-1091
E-Mail: cek@nyserda.org
NYSERDA's Home Page:
http://www.nyserda.org/
Information not available
An 11-page booklet with basic information about improving home
ventilation.
Homeowners and Tenants
General, easy-to-understand tips with several illustrations. Includes a
page of contacts and web sites for more information.
Abstract: This booklet provides information on the health effects of home ventilation, the
difference between spot and general ventilation, back drafting, radon steps to check
your home, and tips for selecting a contractor. Phone numbers are included for the
EPA Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse, National Safety Commission Radon
Help Line, EPA Regional Radon Training Centers, U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, and the American Lung Association.
RAISING CHILDREN Toxic FREE: A PARENTS CHECKLIST OF
HOUSEHOLD ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Physicians for Social Responsibility
Information not available
Physicians for Social Responsibility
1101 14th Street, NW
Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202)898-0150
Fax: (202)898-0172
Physicians for Social Responsibility Home Page:
http:/www.psr.org
Information not available
128
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
One-page poster (10X14 inches) containing 21 questions to help
parents inventory their homes and identify environmental hazards to
children.
Parents
(See Tool Type/Purpose)
Abstract: The household inventory used in the poster is taken from Raising Children Toxic Free:
How to Keep Your Child Safe from Lead, Asbestos, Pesticides, and other
Environmental Hazards by Herbert L. Needleman, MD and Philip J. Landrigan, MD.
SAFE HOMES: SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCTION OF POTENTIAL
POLLUTANT SOURCES TO HELP ENSURE SAFE AIR QUALITY IN
PRIVATE HOMES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. EPA Region 1
Information not available
Pat Hamlin
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617)565-3588
Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse
(800)438-4318
U.S. EPA Region 1's Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/Region1
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose: Four-page brochure to reduce pollutant sources in the home.
Target Audience: General Public
Content: This brochure contains a table linking numerous pollutants to their
potential sources, possible health effects, and procedures to reduce
human exposure.
Abstract: Environmental tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide and other indoor combustion
chemicals, formaldehyde, pesticides, lead, volatile organic compounds, biological
pollutants, and radon are the pollutants presented in the table. Sources of these
pollutants in the home are identified and possible health effects described. Steps to
reduce exposure to each pollutant are listed.
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THE INSIDE STORY: A GUIDE TO INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA and U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
April 1995
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH USA 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa.gov
(Refer to EPA document number: EPA 402-K-93-007)
Superintendent of Documents
P.O. Box371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Fax: (202) 512-2250
(Refer to document number: S/N 055-000-00441-2)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402K93007.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 402K93007):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Copies can be printed for free from the NEPI web site listed above;
packages of 25 copies can be obtained from the Superintendent of
Documents for $44
36-page booklet to help the public improve indoor air quality in their
homes, apartments, and offices.
General Public
This booklet contains information on specific indoor pollutants and steps
to reduce exposure.
Abstract: This booklet describes the causes of indoor air problems, how to identify air quality
problems, how to measure pollutant levels, and three strategies for improving air
quality. It provides descriptions of source-specific pollutants, their health effects, and
methods to reduce exposure. A glossary and a list of organizations to obtain additional
information also are provided.
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SCHOOLS
OPEN AIRWAYS FOR SCHOOLS PROGRAM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
OTHER
Abstract:
American Lung Association
Information not available
Your local American Lung Association at 1-800-LUNG-USA
Open Airways For Schools Program Web Site:
http://www.lungusa.org/asthma/astopen.html
Information not available
A school-based asthma health education program for children with
asthma.
Children with asthma, their parents, and their school
This tool contains the following:
Curriculum Book, Instructor's Guide, and student handouts
Color Posters
Letter from the American Lung Association thanking implementers of
the program
List of Associations that are affiliated with the program as of May 1,
1996
Six-page tri-fold brochure
The Open Airways For Schools Program is a major initiative of the American Lung
Association (ALA) to help elementary school children with asthma. The purpose of the
Open Airways For Schools is to:
1) empower children with asthma by teaching them how to prevent asthma
episodes and emergencies; and
2) help schools control asthma by creating partnerships in asthma care with
school personnel and school nurses, physicians, families, and local ALA
volunteers. In this way, children with asthma can turn to adults both at
school and at home to help them manage asthma and make it possible for
them to perform better in school and lead healthier lives.
The objectives of this curriculum are to increase children's ability to take care of their
asthma on a daily basis by: 1) taking steps to prevent asthma episodes, 2) recognizing
the symptoms of asthma when they first occur and how to deal with them, 3)
discussing and solving problems related to asthma with parents, doctors, teachers, and
friends, and 4) feeling more confident about taking care of asthma on a daily basis.
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IMPACT OF AN INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN A
SPECIALIZED PRESCHOOL, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION
CONTROL, VOLUME 24, No. 3, 167-173
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Leonard R. Krilov, MD, Stephen R. Barone. American Journal of
Infection Control
June 1996
To Order by Mail:
American Journal of Infection Control
Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
Journal Subscription Services
11830 Westline Industrial Dr.
St. Louis, MO 63146-9934 USA
Or Dial toll-free: (800) 453-4351, Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5
p.m., Central Standard Time
Outside the US, call: (314) 453-4351
Fax orders 24 hours every day: (314) 432-1158
On-Line Order Information for the American Journal of Infection
Control:
http://www1.mosby.com/Mosby/Periodicals/Medical/AJIC/icsb.html
$5.00
Research article describing the impact of an infection control program in
a specialized preschool
Researchers and others interested in infection control programs.
Research article on the implementation of an infection control program
in a specialized preschool.
Abstract: The purpose of the study outlined in this research article was to design and implement
a comprehensive infection control program and measure its effects on the number and
types of infectious illnesses experienced by children attending a specialized preschool
program. Participants in the study were children with Downs Syndrome ranging in age
from six weeks to five years. The results showed that during the interventional year,
the median number of total illnesses/child/month decreased significantly from the
baseline year, with a trend toward a decrease in the number of respiratory illnesses.
Researchers concluded that a decrease in infection rates can be achieved with a
comprehensive educational and environmental infection control program in a day care
setting.
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NEW YORK HEALTHY SCHOOLS NETWORK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
New York Healthy Schools Network
Information not available
New York Healthy Schools Network
c/o CEC 33 Central Avenue
Albany, NY 12210
Phone: (518)962-4018
New York Healthy Schools Network Home Page:
http://www.hsnet.org/
Free
Brochure for promoting the right of every child and school employee to
an environmentally safe and healthy school that is clean and in good
repair.
Parents, teachers, and public health groups
Four-fold brochure, including a survey checklist and resource guide.
The New York State Healthy Schools Network is a state-wide coalition of parent,
environment, education and public health groups dedicated to assuring every child
and school employee an environmentally-healthy school. This brochure describes in
detail what the Healthy Schools Network is and what it sees as the problems and
solutions.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY TOOLS FOR SCHOOLS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
American Lung Association, U.S. EPA, National PTA,
National Education Association, Council for American
Private Education, Association of School Business Officials, and
American Federation of Teachers
May 1995
EPA Kit
c/o IAQ INFO
PO Box37133
Washington, DC 20013-7133
Fax: (703) 356-5386
U.S. EPA's Indoor Air Quality Basics for Schools Page:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/scholkit.html
OTHER
133
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Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Some of the materials are available free from the Internet at the address
above. Hard copies of the kit can be ordered in the following way:
KIT (Wheel included): GPO Document Ordering Number
055-000-00503-6 ($22.00 each (27.50 outside US) or $16.50 each for
100 or more can be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing
Office (GPO). MasterCard and Visa are accepted. For telephone orders,
call 202-512-1800. Or send a check or money order to:
Superintendent of Documents
PO Box371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250
WHEELS (10 pack): Are only available from the GPO via Document
Ordering Number 055-000-00504-4 ($11.00 per 10 pack ($13.75
outside US) or $8.25 per pack for 100 packs. (Single copies of the IAQ
Problem-Solving Wheel are available at no charge by contacting IAQ
INFO. Please limit your request to 100.)
While supplies last, school districts and schools may receive a free copy
of the IAQ Tools for Schools Kit by having a school administrator mail
or fax a request to IAQ INFO at the address listed in under contact
information above.
Action Kit for use by Indoor Air Quality Coordinators
Teachers, Administrative Staff, Facility Operators, Custodians, Health
Officers, School Boards, Contract Service Providers, Students, and
Parents
This Action Kit includes the following materials:
IAQ Coordinator's Guide
IAQ Coordinator's Forms
IAQ Backgrounder
IAQ Checklists for all school employees
Problem Solving Wheel
IAQ Tools for Schools Ventilation Basics Video
Order Form
Indoor Air Pollution, An Introduction for Health Professionals
This Indoor Air Quality Tools For Schools Action Kit is designed to show schools how
to carry out a practical plan of action to prevent and resolve indoor air problems at
little or no cost using straightforward activities and in-house staff. The program is co-
sponsored by the National PTA, National Education Association, Council for American
Private Education, Association of School Business Officials, American Federation of
Teachers, and the American Lung Association.
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Annapolis, Maryland
1998
Daniel A. LaHart
Environmental Issues Program Manager
9034 Fort Small wood Rd.
Pasadena, MD 21122
Phone: (410)360-0138
Fax: (410) 255-6538
Information not available
Information not available
Comprehensive indoor air quality document for administrators.
School Administrators
145-page manual with the following chapters:
1) Introduction
2) Communications and Public Relations
3) Historic Review
4) Classifying Indoor Air Quality Problems
5) Planning and Design
6) Leased Buildings
7) Training, Education, and Information
8) Investigation of an Indoor Air Quality Problem
9) Building Inspections
10) Building Maintenance and Operations
Abstract: This manual is intended to provide Indoor Air Quality management guidance to be
used in school systems. Its information was extracted from "Indoor Air Quality:
Maryland Public Schools," Maryland State Department of Education, 1987.
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
THE ABC's OF ASBESTOS IN SCHOOLS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA in cooperation with the National Education
Association and the National Parent Teacher Association
June 1989
U.S. EPA
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
401 M St., SW
Washington, DC 20460
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Web Site:
Information not available
Cost Information:
Free
Tool Type/Purpose: Information pamphlet to educate readers about asbestos in schools.
Target Audience: Parents, teachers, and school administrators
Content: (See Abstract section)
Abstract: This pamphlet answers the questions: When is asbestos a problem?; What should my
school and school district be doing about asbestos?; and What can I do to help? The
pamphlet can help parents and teachers answer questions and learn more facts about
asbestos in schools. It also outlines the responsibilities of school boards and other
school officials to protect school children and employees from possible exposure to
asbestos.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN YOUR SCHOOL: A RESOURCE
HANDBOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA Region 3
October 1990
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa.gov
(Refer to U.S. EPA Region 3 document number: 2DT-2001)
Information not available
Information not available
70-page booklet provides resource information on environmental
hazards that children may be exposed to in school buildings.
Schools
The specific environmental hazards discussed in depth are asbestos,
indoor air quality, radon, lead in drinking water, and other contaminants
in the school-operated water systems. Environmental concerns
associated with underground storage tanks, recycling efforts, pesticides,
and polychlorinated biphenyls are discussed briefly in a separate
chapter. A comprehensive list of contacts also is provided.
136
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Abstract: (See Content section)
OTHER BUILDINGS
VENTILATION AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN HOSPITALS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Edited by Marco Maroni, Institute of Occupational Health at
the University of Milan and International Centre for
Pesticide Safety, Busto Garolfo (Ml), Italy.
1996
Kluwer Academic Publishers
101 Philip Drive
Norwell, MA 02061 USA
Document abstract from Kluwer Academic Publishers's Web Site:
http://www.aic.info.ro/kluwer/0-7923-4076-0.html
$178.00 (For Parts I-6)
Research articles on Airborne Allergens in Hospitals and Technical
Aspects of Ventilation in Hospitals and Strategies for Air Quality
Management
Those involved in hospital design, construction, and management.
The contents of Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Hospitals are
arranged in six main sections.
! The first section deals with the major issues related to indoor air
quality in hospitals, reviewed from North American, Scandinavian,
Italian and Russian perspectives.
! The second section discusses the ventilation requirements in
hospitals, with particular focus on the design and maintenance of the
ventilation systems and the provision of clean air to critical areas,
such as infectious disease wards, surgical theaters, etc.
! The third section deals with chemical and biological air pollution in
hospitals and collects papers from surveys carried out in various
countries.
! Section 4 treats airborne allergens in hospitals. Health care
personnel are having to deal with new problems as a result of
exposure to allergens, and these are illustrated by studies performed
in North America and England.
137
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Abstract:
! Section 5 describes the technical aspects of ventilation in hospitals
and strategies for air quality management, collecting technical and
organizational proposals for solving some of the problems associated
with ventilation in hospitals.
! The main conclusions and recommendations of the workshop are
presented in section 6, together with some future actions that are
envisaged.
The research articles provided in this "tool" are from a book that is a compilation of
the main scientific contributions presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop
entitled "Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Requirements in Hospitals," which was
held in Milan Italy, September 13-16, 1995. The book's main purpose is to assist those
involved in hospital design, construction, and management and to offer technical
support and encouragement for an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to provide
healthy indoor air to patients, health care workers, and visitors to hospitals.
A COMPILATION OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY FACT SHEETS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
OTHER
U.S. EPA
(See Content section)
IAQ Information Clearinghouse (IAQ INFO)
P.O. Box37133
Washington, DC 20013-7133
(800) 438-4318 or (703) 356-4020
Fax: (703) 356-5386
E-Mail: iaqinfo@aol.com
IAQ Information Clearinghouse Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq
Available free from the Internet at the web site address above. A charge
for hard copies may be incurred when ordering through IAQ INFO.
Indoor Air Quality Fact Sheets highlighting specific areas of interest.
Anyone interested in facts on Indoor Air Quality
Seven separate facts sheets on indoor air quality.
Abstract: Seven fact sheets on various forms of indoor air pollution:
1) Setting the Record Straight: Secondhand Smoke is A Preventable Health
Risk, June 1994 (IAQ-0069)
2) Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking, January 1993 (IAQ-0046)
3) Flood Cleanup: Avoiding Indoor Air Quality Problems, August 1993
(IAQ-0061)
4) Use and Care of Home Humidifiers, February 1991 (IAQ-0008)
138
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5) Protect Your Family and Yourself from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning,
October 1996 (IAQ-0098)
6) Residential Air Cleaners, February 1990 (IAQ-0007)
7) Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other
Disorders, January 1993 (IAQ-0046)
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
WHAT You SHOULD KNOW ABOUT COMBUSTION APPLIANCES
AND INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Lung Association
Information not available
Single copies of the booklet may be requested by sending a post card to:
Publication Request
Office Of Information And Public Affairs
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Washington, DC 20207
Full brochure on the web from EPA's National Environmental
Publications Information System Page (search for EPA Publication
Number: 400F91100):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Single copies are free
19-page booklet on combustion appliances, including an Inspection and
Maintenance Schedule and a short list of additional resources.
General Public
Information on combustion appliances and their link to indoor air
pollution.
Abstract: This booklet is designed to: encourage the proper use, maintenance, and installation of
combustion appliances; discuss the pollutants produced by these appliances; and
describe how these pollutants can affect human health and how exposure to these
pollutants can be reduced.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY - DESK REFERENCE
Developer/Publisher: National Association of County & City Health Officials
Date Developed: January 1996
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
National Association of County and City Health Officials
440 First Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: (202) 783-5550
Fax: (202) 783-1583
National Association of County and City Health Officials Home Page:
http://www.naccho.org/
Online Order Form:
http://www.naccho.org/resc/pub_list.html
$20.00
Desk Reference for the Indoor Air Quality Program.
Health Departments
A 109-page 3-ring binder reference manual designed for easy expansion
and updating. It contains seven sections:
1) Ten IAQ protocols
2) Information on IAQ contaminants
3) Referral information
4) Resource materials for local health departments and the public
5) Resources and information for special audiences
6) Notices of opportunities.
The purpose of this desk reference is to enable local health departments to adequately
respond to IAQ problems that arise in the community. It is designed for the user to
supplement sections with additional resources. In this way, the desk reference can be
tailored to address the specific needs of the community where the local health
department serves.
How's YOUR SCHOOL'S I(A)Q?
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
The American Lung Association of New York State, Inc.
1995
The American Lung Association of New York State
8 Mountain View Ave.
Albany, NY 12205
Phone: (518)459-4197
Information not available
Information not available
140
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Tool Type/Purpose: 14-page pamphlet that includes questions and answers about indoor air
quality in schools.
Target Audience: School administrators, maintenance personnel, students, and teachers
Content: (See Abstract section)
Abstract: This pamphlet provides answers to 23 most-frequently-asked questions about indoor
air quality in schools. A glossary and resource list are located in the back of the
pamphlet.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN SCHOOLS: A FACT SHEET FOR
PARENTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The Environmental Health Policy Information Project with
funding from U.S. EPA Region 1
Information not available
The Environmental Health Policy Information Project
Tufts School of Medicine
136 Harrison Ave.
Boston, MA 02111
Information not available
Information not available
Fact sheet about air quality in schools.
Parents
Thorough, understandable answers and explanations to questions about
indoor air quality, graphs revealing the building condition of U.S.
schools, and a resource list.
Abstract: This fact sheet provides an explanation of indoor air quality. It also addresses issues
concerning air quality in school systems, what parents can do to solve or prevent poor
air quality in their child's school, and whether a child needs to see a doctor if air
quality problems have been located in the school.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY BASICS FOR SCHOOLS
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA
Date Developed: October 1996
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 402-F-96-004)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402F96004.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 402F96004):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
Tool Type/Purpose: 4-page fact sheet providing information on indoor air quality.
Target Audience: Parents and others who do not normally occupy school buildings
Content: (See Abstract section)
Abstract: This fact sheet contains important information on indoor air quality in schools. The
following is a list of topics covered in the fact sheet:
The Importance of IAQ in Schools
Understanding IAQ Problems and Solutions
Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants
HVAC System Design and Operation
Pollutant Pathways and Driving Forces
Building Occupants and Health
Six Basic Control Strategies
Recognizing Signs of an IAQ Problem
How to Respond to an IAQ Problem
Ordering information for the IAQ Tools for Schools Kit is also provided at the end of
the fact sheet.
CHILDREN AND THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT ACTIVITIES
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA Region 1
Date Developed: 1996
142
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
MaryBeth Smuts or Eugene Benoit
U.S. EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203-0001
Phone: (617)565-3420
Fax: (617) 565-3415
Information not available
Free
Summary kit of indoor air quality programs in schools with related
publications and conference announcements.
School administrators, teachers, community leaders
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: This kit includes the following sections:
1) Participating Schools
2) Sample of School Commitments
3) Conference announcements
4) Partnerships With Coalitions On Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)
and Union Affiliates
5) Partnerships With State- Agencies Sample
6) Healthy School Networks Announcements
7) Deliverables From Nonprofit Grantees
8) Asthma Awareness in Schools and Day-Care Centers
9) Asthma and Your Home Checklist
RADON
REDUCING RADON RISKS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
U.S. EPA
September 1992
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 520-1-89-027A)
NCEPI's order information for this document:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA520189027A.html
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Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Free
Tri-Fold Public Information Fact Sheet on Radon.
Homeowners concerned about radon in the home
Information on ways to test your home for radon, a list of some common
myths about radon, and a list of State Radon Contacts.
Abstract: This brochure provides information on radon, radon testing, the benefits of short-term
and long-term testing, and some common myths about radon. It also lists the radon
contacts for each state and Indian Nation.
A CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO RADON: THE GUIDE To PROTECTING
YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY FROM RADON (SECOND
EDITION)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. EPA
September 1994
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 402-K-92-001)
NCEPI's order information for this document:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402K92001.html
Free
15-page Citizen's Guide
Citizens concerned about radon in the home.
Information about radon, radon testing, how to lower radon levels in
homes, radon myths, and risks of radon and smoking.
This Citizen's Guide provides radon information to citizens. It is an information guide
to help citizens find out whether they have a radon problem in their home, what the
risks associated with radon are, and how to alleviate problems that radon can cause.
144
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THE RADON STUDENT ACTIVITY BOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
(TDEC) Radon Project and the American Lung Association
of Tennessee
Information not available
TDEC's Radon Hotline
(800)232-1139
TDEC Radon Project Web Page:
http://www.state.tn.us/environment/p2a/radon/index.html
Information not available
17-page children's activity booklet designed to help kids understand the
risks and prevention of radon gas.
Children
Various games and puzzles, diagrams, and informative pictures.
This booklet is designed to give children a basic introduction to radon. It is hosted by a
fictional character named Ray Dontics who takes the children through a series of
games and puzzles about radon. The booklet includes a few informative sections, such
as "Words to Think About" and "Is There Radon In my House?" It provides a fun way
for children to learn the hazards and preventions of radon gas in their homes.
RADON MEASUREMENT IN SCHOOLS: REVISED EDITION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
U.S. EPA
July 1993
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 402-R-92-014)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402R92014.html
Free
145
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Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
44-page informative report on how to test for radon.
School administrators and facilities managers
This report provides information on:
Radon testing in schools
Reducing radon concentrations
Answers to frequently-asked questions
A list of state and Indian nation radon contacts
A list of EPA's Regional offices and radon training centers
A list of measurement services and devices
Quality assurance procedure
A procedural checklist for radon testing
This report provides school administrators and facilities managers with instructions on
how to test for radon. The findings from EPA's comprehensive studies of radon
measurements in schools have been incorporated into the document's
recommendations.
REDUCING RADON IN SCHOOLS: A TEAM APPROACH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA
April 1994
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 402-R-94-008)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402R94008.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 402R94008):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
EPA report designed to serve as a resource for managing a radon
mitigation team.
Radon mitigation contractors, HVAC engineers, school personnel, and
parent representatives
146
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Content: A basic overview of indoor environment and radon, a strategy for
evaluating and correcting radon problems, instructions on restoring the
HVAC system and retesting radon levels, the procedure of performing a
detailed radon investigation, details on how to design and implement
mitigation techniques, instructions on evaluating post-mitigation
measurements, and guidelines to carry out long-term radon
management.
Abstract: Each chapter of this report builds upon the previous chapter and makes use of
photographs, floor plans, and graphs to illustrate the steps involved in designing the
proper mitigation strategy for a school. The guide is not a "how -to;" rather a resource
for managing a team of radon mitigation contractors, HVAC engineers, school
personnel, and parent representatives.
RADON IN SCHOOLS (SECOND EDITION): EVERY SCHOOL
SHOULD TAKE THIS SIMPLE TEST
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA in cooperation with National PTA, National
Education Association, and the American Lung Association
October 1994
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 402-F-94-009)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402F94009.html
Full Text of Pamphlet:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/schoolrn.html
Free
Four-fold brochure promoting radon testing in schools.
Students, teachers, and parents
A list of the threats radon poses, an explanation of how schools are
tested for radon, and what to do if your school fails the radon test.
147
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Abstract: This brochure promotes radon testing in school systems. A basic explanation and
definition of radon, along with the serious health effects radon can cause, make up the
first half of the brochure. The second half is devoted to informing the reader how
schools are tested for radon, what to do if radon is detected, and contact information
for each state and Indian Nation.
RADON PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT: "DUST PARTICLES"
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA and the Consumer Federation of America
1997
For more information:
JackGillis
Consumer Federation of America
Phone: (202) 737-0766
Kristy Miller
U.S. EPA
Phone: (202) 233-9400
For Additional Materials:
Jeffrey Boa I
Media Department
PlowShare Group
(203) 425-3949
Radon Hotline:
(800) SOS-RADON
Information not available
Information not available
Videotape containing public service announcements on radon.
Television stations interested in playing the public service
announcement for the general public
Thirty-second public service announcement (available in English and
Spanish versions) informing the public about how radon can get into the
lungs through dust particles and how the Radon Hotline—(800) SOS-
RADON—can assist families in getting their homes tested for and made
safe from radon.
Abstract: (See Content section)
148
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RADON AWARENESS COLORING BOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The American Lung Association of Alabama and The
Huntsville-Madison County Health Department
1991
Radiological Health Branch, Alabama Department of Public Health
Phone: (205) 242-5315 or (800) 582-1866
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
(International, local and governmental employees: (513) 498-8190)
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication No: EPA 402-K-91-001)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402K91001.html
Information not available
Coloring book.
Young children
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: This coloring book informs children about radon, its common locations, and the
various methods used to detect it.
EL RADON/A GUIDE TO RADON
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA and The National Coalition of Hispanic Health
and Human Services Organizations (COSSMHO)
September 1993
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
(International, local and governmental employees: (513) 498-8190)
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication No: EPA 402-K-93-005S)
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402K93005S.html
Information not available
Illustrated guidance booklet.
Children and their families
Sections on:
What is radon
Who is at risk
How does radon get into the home
How to test for radon
Radon and home sales and renovations
Radon and water
Where to call for more information
This document provides information on what radon is, the dangers of radon, how
radon penetrates the home, and how people can protect themselves and their families
from radon contamination. Various radon testing methods and their results are
explained as well. Each section is written in both English and Spanish.
HOME BUYER'S AND SELLER'S GUIDE TO RADON
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA
March 1993
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
(International, local and governmental employees: (513) 498-8190)
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Document Number: EPA 402-R-93-003)
Web version of the brochure:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/RadonPubs/hmbyguid.html
Free
32-page guidebook about radon in homes.
Home buyers and sellers
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Content:
Abstract:
Sections on:
Why do you need to test for radon
If you are selling or buying a home, what should you do
How can you get reliable radon test results
What should you do if you find a high radon level
Radon myths/facts
How to get more information about radon
This Guidebook is designed for people planning on buying or selling a
home. It stresses the importance of testing for radon, how to test homes
for radon contamination, how to read radon test results, and how to
remediate the radon problem.
REDUCING RADON RISKS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
September 1992
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
(International, local and governmental employees: (513) 498-8190)
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication No: EPA 520-1-89-027)
Web version of the brochure:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/RadonPubs/rducrsks.html
Free
Brochure with information on protecting families from radon.
Families
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: The brochure offers an explanation as to why and how a family should test their home
for radon contamination. Common myths and facts about radon and state radon
contacts are provided.
151
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A PHYSICIAN'S GUIDE TO RADON
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA in consultation with the American Medical
Association (AMA)
September 1993
State Radon Contacts (a list of these contacts is available on the web at
http://www.epa.gov/radonpro/contacts.html
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA402K93008.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 402K93008):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Web version of the booklet:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/RadonPubs/physic.html
Information not available
Guide Booklet
Physicians
Sections on:
What is Radon
Characteristics and Source of Radon
The Health Risk
The Solution
Other Indoor Air Pollutants
Most Commonly Asked Questions about Radon
State Radon Contacts
Additional Information and Suggested Reading List
Abstract: The guide serves to enlist physicians in the national effort to inform the American
public about the serious health risk posed by indoor radon gas.
A RADON GUIDE FOR TENANTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Environmental Law Institute
Information not available
I
\/
152
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Contact Information:
Environmental Law Institute
1616 P Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 939-3800
Fax: (202) 939-3868
Environmental Law Institute's Publications Web Site:
http://www.eli.org/bookstore/index.html
Information not available
Guide booklet
Renters of apartments or houses
Sections on:
What is radon
Does your home have high radon levels
Can you test for radon yourself
What can you do if your home has high radon levels
What can building owners do about radon problems
Are funds available to reduce high radon levels in rental housing
Renter's radon checklist
Additional resources
Abstract: The guide explains what radon is, and how to find out if there is a radon problem in
your home. At the end of the guide, there is a list of state radon agencies and other
organizations that can give additional help or assistance.
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
TOBACCO SMOKE
CHILDREN & TOBACCO: A GUIDE TO THE NEW FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Department of Health and Human Services
1997
Department of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service
FDA HF-1
Rockville, MD 20857
U.S. Federal and Drug Administration's Children and Tobacco
Campaign Home Page:
http://www.fda.gov/opacom/campaigns/tobacco.html
Complete text of brochure:
http://www.fda.gov/opacom/campaigns/tobacco/brocon.html
153
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Four-fold brochure to inform the public about the new federal tobacco
regulations.
General Public and Vendors
Bulleted information on nicotine addiction, children and tobacco, how
to protect our children's future, and "knowing the rules," three one-
sentence statements about enforcing the tobacco rules, and a brief
section on the importance of requiring personal identification to
purchase tobacco.
This colorful brochure is part of the Food and Drug Administration's campaign to
reduce tobacco use among children. It provides facts and figures about smoking
among American youths and adults, information on ways to reduce the purchase of
tobacco products by children, and the new federal regulations related to tobacco
products. It also includes information on ways we can protect our children's future by
spreading the word about the new Federal Rules, and ways to enforce these rules.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE, A DANGER To CHILDREN:
GUIDELINES FOR PARENTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Academy of Pediatrics
1994
American Academy of Pediatrics
Division of Publications
141 Northwest Point Blvd.
Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927
American Academy of Pediatrics Home Page:
http://www.aap.org/
Complete text of brochure:
http://www.aap.org/family/envtob.htm
Non-Member Price: $29.95/100
AAP Member Price: $24.95/100
(Minimum order: 100)
Four-fold brochure to inform parents about the risk of environmental
tobacco smoke.
Parents
Guidelines to inform parents about the dangers of environmental
tobacco smoke.
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Abstract: This brochure includes a description of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and how it
affects children, and provides information on the risks of smoking during pregnancy
and smoking fire hazards. This brochure also includes information to assist parents in
protecting their children from ETS and ensuring that their children live in a tobacco-
free environment.
MARKETING CIGARETTES To KIDS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The American Council on Science and Health
April 1993
American Council on Science and Health, Inc.
1995 Broadway, Second Floor
New York, NY 10023-5860
Phone: (212)362-7044
Fax: (212)362-4919
Online Order Form for American Council on Science and Health, Inc.,
Publications:
http://www.acsh.org/order/index.html
$5.00 for a single copy. Prices are reduced if the report is ordered in
larger quantities and reduce even further if the ordered by an ACSH
member.
A consumer guide to the harmful tactics of tobacco companies.
General Public
12-page report on the harmful ways that tobacco companies market to
children.
Abstract: This special report is a guide to the nicotine industry and its marketing tactics. It aims
to clarify the facts and fallacies about tobacco advertising and promotion, and reviews
ways to safeguard the health of children and protect them from nicotine addiction and
untimely death.
PROTEJA A Su FAMILIA... ESE HUMO Es UNA AMENZA
Developer/Publisher: American Lung Association
Date Developed: December 1994
Contact Information: Your local American Lung Association at (800) LUNG-USA.
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Lung Association Home Page:
http://www.lungusa.org/
Information not available
Tri-fold brochure written in Spanish with information about how to
protect your family from environmental tobacco smoke.
Spanish speaking smokers and non-smokers concerned about
secondhand smoke
(See Tool Type/Purpose section)
Abstract: (See Tool Type/Purpose section)
SECONDHAND SMOKE: WHAT You CAN DO ABOUT
SECONDHAND SMOKE AS PARENTS, DECISION MAKERS, AND
BUILDING OCCUPANTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
July 1993
IAQ Information Clearinghouse (IAQ INFO)
P.O. Box37133
Washington, DC 20013-7133
Phone: (800)438-4318
(Refer to Publication Number IAQ 0059)
IAQ INFO Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/
Full-Text of Poster:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/etsbro.html
Free
Four-page fold-out information poster.
Smokers and non-smokers concerned about secondhand smoke.
Information on second-hand smoke.
Abstract: This poster provides detailed information about secondhand smoke and its effects and
how to protect oneself from the risks of passive smoking.
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"ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE AND OTHER INDOOR AlR
POLLUTION PROBLEMS AFFECTING CHILDREN" SPEAKER'S KIT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the U.S. EPA
Information not available
To order this speaker's kit, call AAP at (800) 433-9016. You can also
mail or fax your request with your name, phone number, address, and
payment (check, money order, or charge card information) to:
AAP Speaker's Kits
141 Northwest Point BIvd
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1098
Fax : (847) 228-7035
AAP Home Page:
http://www.aap.org/
AAP Speaker's Kits:
http://www.aap.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/aapstore/prod pages/kits.htm?L+
aap + qfhd7560 + 896471746
$35.00 for non-members; $30.00 for AAP members
Speaker's kit, which includes information about exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), carbon monoxide, and radon in the
home, as well as problems with indoor air pollution in schools.
School and community leaders, health care specialists, and others
interested in spreading the facts about indoor environment hazards
Two-pocket folder that includes the following materials:
Letter regarding the purpose of the speaker's kit from the American
Academy of Pediatrics' President, Robert E. Hannemann
Thirty-slide presentation with slide script
Bibliography with ten references on tobacco smoke from the slide
presentation
AAP brochure titled, Environmental Tobacco Smoke: A Danger to
Children—Guidelines for Parents
AAP Speaker's Kit Response Card postcard
Speaker's Tips—Tips for Effective Presentations
Speaker's Tips—Six Good Ideas
List of [10] Additional Resources
Four-page article titled, American Academy of
Pediatrics—Committee on Environmental Health—Environmental
Tobacco Smoke: A Hazard to Children (April 1997)
EPA seven-page fact sheet titled, Setting the Record Straight:
Secondhand Smoke is a Preventable Health Risk (June 1994)
EPA two-page fact sheet titled, Asthma, Air Quality, and
Environmental Justice: EPA's Role in Asthma Education and
Prevention (July 1995)
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Abstract:
EPA four-page fact sheet titled, Indoor Air Quality Basics for Schools
(October 1 996)
EPA two-page fact sheet titled, Protect Your Family and Yourself
from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (October 1 996)
Twenty-nine page booklet titled, Indoor Air Pollution— An
Introduction for Health Professional, produced by the American
Lung Association, EPA, Consumer Safety Commission, American
Medical Association
This speaker's kit is a collaboration between the American Academy of Pediatrics and
the EPA. The facts are based on research studies conducted by the National Academy
of Sciences, the Surgeon General, the U.S. EPA, and other individual scientists. This kit
provides the speaker with information about exposure to environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS), carbon monoxide and radon in the home, as well as problems with
indoor air pollution in schools for presentations to PTA meetings, local hospitals,
school board meetings, community interest groups, and other groups. The goal is to
get the message out about indoor air issues to ensure that the air children breathe is
clean, safe, and smoke free.
REX RONAN, EXPERIMENTAL SURGEON
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Raya Systems
Information not available
Raya Systems
2570 West El Camino Real, Suite 309
Mountain View, CA 94040
Phone: (415)949-2672
Rex Ronan, Experimental Surgeon Web Site:
http://www.healthhero.com/html/
$69.95 (English and Spanish versions available)
Super Nintendo™ Video Game intended to deter young people from
smoking by giving them vital information about the dangers of tobacco
use in a format they're familiar with-video games.
Children
One video game.
Abstract: As Dr. Ronan, players shrink to microscopic size and travel throughout Jake's body to
hunt down pre-cancerous cells caused by emphysema, and the plaque in his arteries
and heart. Using Dr. Ronan's high-tech laser, players start in Jake's mouth and follow
the path of cigarette smoke to remove life-threatening effects of tobacco use. The most
difficult of which awaits in the brain: Jake's nicotine addiction.
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Though the surgery is tough enough, players also must defend themselves from evil
Microbots sent by Blackburn Tobacco Company to stop Dr. Ronan. It's a race against
the clock, but if players succeed and Jake lives, Dr. Ronan will make headlines with
the mastery of his new experimental surgery.
Players also will encounter Smart Bombs that test their knowledge about tobacco use.
Correct responses to these true/false statements help players progress in the game.
GENERAL
CREATING INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROGRAMS IN Low INCOME
COMMUNITIES AND COMMUNITIES OF COLOR—AN
ORGANIZER'S HANDBOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
The Community Coalition for Environmental Justice (Seattle,
Washington)
Information not available
The Community Coalition for Environmental Justice
4759 15th Street, NE
Seattle, WA 98105
Phone: (206)527-1695
The Community Coalition for Environmental Justice Home Page:
http://www.halcyon.com/ccej/
$5.00
The purpose of this handbook is to help organizers of indoor air quality
programs develop programs that are relevant to low-income
communities and communities of color.
Residents and community leaders in low income communities and
communities of color
A 25-page handbook organized as follows:
1. Introduction
A description of the Community Coalition for
Environmental Justice (CCEJ), its mission, and the
goals and objectives of the CCEJ Indoor Air
Quality/Asthma Education and Outreach Project.
2. Gaining Community Support
An overview of ways to initiate community input and
involvement as well as general information about
issues related to culture and language.
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3. Developing an Appropriate Indoor Air Assessment Tool
An example of CCEJ's Indoor Air Assessment
Checklist.
4. Case Scenario
An example of an indoor air assessment.
5. Most Common Indoor Air Problems
Examples of indoor air contaminants found in the
majority of the homes surveyed by CCEJ.
6. Recommendations for Source Removal
7. Most Common Questions About Indoor Air Quality
A summary of the questions that were most often
asked by participants in the CCEJ Indoor Air/Asthma
Education and Outreach Project.
8. Conducting Individual Outreach
Provides examples of resources that may help people
get other services they need.
9. Landlord/Tenant Issues and Housing Rights Information
Summary of landlord/tenant laws and list of
organizations that can help with landlord/tenant
issues.
Abstract: This handbook provides general information that is based on the experiences of the
coordinators of the Community Coalition for Environmental Justice Indoor Air/Asthma
Education and Outreach Project (see handbook organization above). Its primary
purpose is to help organizers of indoor air quality programs develop programs that are
relevant to low-income communities and communities of color. The handbook is not
meant to serve as a complete organizing tool.
THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY INFORMA TION CLEARINGHOUSE JOTHER
Developer/Publisher: U.S. EPA
Date Developed: September 1994
Contact Information: IAQ Information Clearinghouse (IAQ INFO)
P.O. Box37133
Washington, DC 20013-7133
Phone:(703) 356-4020 or (800) 438-4318
Fax: (202)484-1510
(Refer to publication number: EPA 430-F-92-003)
Web Site: IAQ Information Clearinghouse Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/iaqinfo.html
Cost Information: Free
Tool Type/Purpose: Pamphlet that describes the Indoor Air Quality Information
Clearinghouse.
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Target Audience: Anyone interested in receiving assistance from the IAQ Information
Clearinghouse
Content: Information on assistance that can be found through Indoor Air Quality
Information Clearinghouse.
Abstract: The Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse (IAQ INFO) is funded by the Indoor
Air Division, Office of Air and Radiation, EPA, to provide information on many aspects
of indoor air quality. IAQ INFO information specialists are available to assist people
looking for resources on indoor air quality information. They can: answer many
questions by telephone; mail federal government publications from the inventory; refer
people to appropriate government agencies, research, public interest, and private
sector organizations; and provide bibliographies on topics for further reference.
TEACHER'S GUIDE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Safety Council
Information not available
Environmental Health Center
A Division of the National Safety Council
1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 293-2270
Fax: (202) 293-0032
National Safety Council Home Page:
http://www.nsc.org/
Teacher's Guide to Indoor Air Pollutants Page:
http://www. nsc. org/ehc/i ndoor/teachers. htm
Free
Teacher's Guide on Indoor Air Pollutants.
Teachers who teach students in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades
This Teachers Guide includes sections on the following topics:
Section 1 - Preparation
Section 2 - Preliminary Knowledge & Follow-Up
Section 3 - Vocabulary
Section 4 - Indoor Pollutants
Section 5 - Your Body
Section 6 - The Air We Breathe
Section 7 - Room-By-Room
Section 8 - Classroom Air Quality
Section 9 - Support Materials
OTHER
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Abstract: The National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center's "Teacher's Guide to
Indoor Air Pollutants" contains all the information that teachers will need to teach an
educational unit on indoor air quality. The guide is designed for use in 4th through 6th
grade classrooms and can easily be incorporated into the general science or health
sections of the curriculum. The activities draw on a variety of students' skills,
including: science, vocabulary, reasoning, math and basic biology.
INDOOR AIR COMMUNITY LEADER KIT FOR WOMEN AND
CHILDREN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Safety Council
Information not available
Environmental Health Center
A Division of the National Safety Council
1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 293-2270 or (800) 557-2366
Fax: (202) 293-0032
National Safety Council Home Page:
http://www.nsc.org/
Environmental Health Center's Main Page:
http://www.nsc.org/ehc.htm
Indoor Air Community Leader Kit for Women and Children Page:
http://www.nsc.org/ehc/indoor/wctoc.htm
$10.00 (Much of the kit's contents is available free off the Internet at
http://www.nsc.org/ehc/indoor/wctoc.htm)
A community leader kit that helps local grassroots organizations, health
departments, and others in educating the general public about the
hazards of indoor air pollutants.
Women and Children
The Kit includes the following sections:
! Introduction
! Fact Sheets on: asbestos; asthma; biological contaminants; carbon
monoxide; combustion appliances; environmental tobacco smoke;
formaldehyde; lead; pesticides; and radon.
! Slide/Overhead Presentation
! Outreach Materials
! Support Materials
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Abstract: The National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center is committed to increasing
public awareness and knowledge about the health hazards of indoor air pollution and
how to prevent them. This Leader Kit was developed as part of this effort to educate
women and children about the hazards of indoor air pollution and ways for them to
protect themselves.
WATER
1998 BLUE THUMB KIT: RIDE THE WATER CYCLE, DRINKING
WATER WEEK, MAY3-9, 1998
OTHER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
American Water Works Association
1998
Blue Thumb Project
c/o American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Ave.
Denver, CO 80235
Phone: (800) 926-7337
American Water Works Association Home Page:
http://www.awwa.org/
Blue Thumb Kit Web Page:
http://www.awwa.org/bluethum
Information not available
Tool kit to promote water awareness during Drinking Water Week and
throughout the year.
General Public
Colorful folder containing the following visually-appealing materials:
"How To Use Your Blue Thumb Kit" informational flyer, news release,
camera-ready ads and logos, educational fact sheets, activities for kids,
consumer confidence report, proclamation to promote the conservation
and protection of water resources in communities, poster, Blue Thumb
coupons, Blue Thumb catalog, and Blue Thumb evaluation form.
The Blue Thumb Project is an ongoing campaign to raise public awareness and
understanding of drinking water issues and to motivate individuals, communities, and
companies to make water-responsible choices. This kit targets water awareness in
communities, specifically during Drinking Water Week, which is held every year
across the country. The kit may be implemented by a variety of different community
organizations that want to promote water awareness. The kits's news release can be
used to inform communities about the events the implementing organization is
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planning during Drinking Water Week. Newspapers can be asked to donate space to
promote Drinking Water Week using the camera-ready ads and logos provided in the
folder. The governor or mayor can be asked to sign the provided "Proclamation"
declaring the dates of Drinking Water Week. The poster can be displayed in public
areas to promote Drinking Water Week. The catalog can be used to order additional
Blue Thumb materials, such as stickers, additional posters, fact sheets, videos, T-Shirts,
and balloons.
GROUND WATER: THE HIDDEN RESOURCE (MIDDLE SCHOOL
EDITION)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Education
Initiative
Information not available
U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services
Box 25286
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Phone: (800) 435-7627
USGS Home Page:
http://www.usgs.gov
Information not available
Educational poster for middle school students.
Middle school students
On one side, the colorful poster illustrates how ground water is
generated, its directional flow, and how it is used in communities. On
the other side, the poster displays information about ground water, a
table of "Ground-Water Use for the United States in 1990," a pie chart
illustrating how ground water is used in the United States, and a student
activity on ground-water recharge and discharge.
This poster is the fourth in a series of posters developed by the U.S. Geological Survey
Water Resources Education Initiative. The poster illustrates how ground water is
generated, flows, and is used. It includes general information about ground water,
such as aquifer permeability, recharge areas, and discharge areas, and use. The table
on "Ground-Water Use for the United States in 1990" ranks all the states by ground-
water use and includes information on domestic, commercial, industrial, and
agriculture ground-water uses. The student activity is designed to demonstrate ground-
water recharge and discharge in a model aquifer. Students are asked to identify several
sources of recharge and of discharge for ground water, describe how water moves
from recharge to discharge areas, and discuss the connection between surface water
and ground water.
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GIVE WATER A HAND: A NATIONAL YOUTH PROGRAM FOR
LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
University of Wisconsin-Environmental Resources Center
Information not available
University of Wisconsin-Environmental Resources Center
(800) 928-3720 or (608) 262-3346
University of Wisconsin-Environmental Resources Center Web Page:
http ://www. uwex. ed u/erc
Free on the web
One-page flyer with information about the "Give Water A Hand"
Program.
Youth and community leaders
General information on the program, with reference to an Internet
address for more information.
Abstract: The "Give Water A Hand" program is a national watershed education program
designed to involve young people in local environmental service projects. The
program's activities are presented in two publications— the Youth Action Guide and
the Leader Guidebook (for youth leaders and teachers). These easy-to-follow,
illustrated guides explain how to organize and carry out effective action-oriented
projects. The Youth Action Guide is available in English and Spanish. The English
version can be obtained for free either by downloading it from the "Give Water A
Hand" web site listed above or by contacting a "Give Water A Hand" state contact.
The Spanish version may be ordered through the "Give Water A Hand" office for
$5.00 each, in copy-ready or bound format.
PROTECTING OUR GROUND WATER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA
May 1995
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/ordering
Free
Folded poster with information about ground-water protection, EPA's
Regional Offices, and the water cycle.
General Public
Content: Written sections on "Ground Water: A Vital, Fragile Resource" and
"Other Major Sources of Contamination;" table listing the addresses of
all ten EPA Regional Offices; color graphic illustrating "Ground Water
and Land Use in the Water Cycle;" and map showing how much each
state depends on ground water.
Abstract: This poster provides information about ground water in written and graphic forms, and
includes a table of addresses for EPA's Regional Offices. The section on "Ground
Water: A Vital, Fragile Resource" describes how ground-water contamination threatens
drinking water supplies and lists ground-water facts and various sources of ground-
water contamination. The section on "Other Major Sources of Contamination"
describes other sources of contamination, ways to protect and preserve ground water,
examples of how EPA's Ground-Water Protection Programs work at the community
level, and steps individuals can take to protect ground water from contamination. The
graphic titled "How Much Does Your State Depend on Ground Water" illustrates, by
state percentages, populations relying on ground water as a source of drinking water.
The graphic titled "Ground Water and Land Use in the Water Cycle" illustrates how
precipitation, transpiration, and evaporation affect the ground-water cycle, and how
irrigation, manure spreading, and runoff can contaminate ground water.
THE WATER SOURCEBOOK (GRADES 3-5)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Legacy, Inc.—Partners in Environmental Education in
cooperation with the U.S. EPA
January 1994
To obtain a copy of this book, contact:
Water Environment Federation
601 Wythe St.
Alexandria, VA 22314-1994
For information on the project, contact:
John Judy, TVA: (615) 632-1670
Kristi Watkins, EPA: (404) 347-2913
Patricia Hurley, Legacy, Inc.: (205) 271-7938
Information not available
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Cost Information:
Information not available
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
A series of classroom activities designed to develop students awareness,
knowledge, and skills for making sound water-use decisions and for
protecting water resources.
Elementary students (grades 3-5) and teachers
The Sourcebook is presented in a notebook that includes five chapters-
Introduction to Water, Drinking and Wastewater Treatment, Surface
Water, Ground Water, and Wetlands/Coastal, Glossary, and Fact Sheets.
Abstract: The Water Sourcebook educational program's goal is to develop supplemental activity
guides on water issues specifically for classroom students in kindergarten through high
school. This Sourcebook is for grades 3 through 5. The materials were designed to be
compatible with existing curriculum standards established by State Boards of
Education throughout the United States. The activities in the Sourcebook include
"hands-on" components that blend with existing general science, language arts, math,
social studies, art, reading, and other areas of the school curricula. Each activity
contains (1) objectives, (2) subject(s), (3) time, (4) materials, (5) background
information, (6) advance preparation, (7) procedure (including activity, follow-up, and
extension), and (8) resources. Fact sheets and a glossary section are included with each
guide to help equip teachers to deal with unfamiliar concepts and words used in the
text.
THE WATER SOURCEBOOK (GRADES 9-12)
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Legacy, Inc.—Partners in Environmental Education in
cooperation with the U.S. EPA (March 1997)
January 1994
To obtain a copy of this book, contact:
Water Environment Federation
601 Wythe St.
Alexandria, VA 22314-1994
For information on the project, contact:
John Judy, TVA: (615) 632-1670
Kristi Watkins, EPA: (404) 347-2913
Patricia Hurley, Legacy, Inc.: (205) 271-7938
Information not available
Information not available
A series of classroom activities on water issues designed to develop
student awareness, knowledge, and skills for sound water use decisions
and protection of water resources.
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Target Audience:
Content:
High school students (grades 9-12) and teachers
The Sourcebook is presented in notebook format and includes five
chapters—Introduction to Water, Drinking and Wastewater Treatment,
Surface Water, Ground Water, and Wetlands/Coastal, Glossary; and Fact
Sheets.
Abstract: The Water Sourcebook educational program's goal is to develop supplemental activity
guides on water issues specifically for classroom students in kindergarten through high
school. This Sourcebook is for grades 9 through 12. The materials were designed to be
compatible with existing curriculum standards established by State Boards of
Education throughout the United States. The activities in the Sourcebook include
"hands-on" components that blend with existing general science, language arts, math,
social studies, art, reading, and other areas of the school curricula. Each activity
contains (1) objectives, (2) subject(s), (3) time, (4) materials, (5) background
information, (6) advance preparation, (7) procedure (including activity, follow-up, and
extension), and (8) resources. Fact sheets and a glossary section are included with each
guide to help equip teachers to deal with unfamiliar concepts and words used in the
text.
GROUNDWATER: A CITIZEN'S GUIDE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
League of Women Voters Education Fund
1986
League of Women Voters of the United States
1730M. St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: (202)429-1965
Fax: (202) 429-0854
League of Women Voters of the United States Resource Web Page:
http://www.lwv.org/pubweb/resources
$1.75 each ($1.25 for members)
Tool Type/Purpose: Citizen's guide containing information on ground water.
Target Audience: General Public
Content: 23-page booklet containing information on ground-water basics,
cleanup-up and protection, opportunities for citizen involvement, and
glossary and resource section.
Abstract: This guide is designed to assist citizens in understanding the basics of ground-water, its
nature, problems, and management. The glossary defines technical terms used in the
guide. The checklist provides questions that readers can use to learn about ground
water in their communities and suggests ways to take action on ground-water issues.
This publication recognizes that citizen awareness is the first step toward ground-water
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protection, and provides assurance that people now and in the future will be able to
benefit from a clean, abundant supply of ground water.
THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT AND REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY:
CHANGING THE RULES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
League of Women Voters Education Fund
1996
League of Women Voters of the United States
1730M. St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: (202)429-1965
fax: (202) 429-0854
League of Women Voters of the United States Resource Web Page:
http://www.lwv.org/pubweb/resources
Information not available
12-page discussion guide on drinking water protection.
Politically active citizens and voters
Step-by-step information is provided on how to set-up a public meeting
to discuss drinking water protection. This guide also includes a resource
section and seven articles on drinking water.
Abstract: This guide was developed for use with Changing the Rules: Regulatory Reform Raises
Fundamental Questions About the Reach and the Role of Government and A Federal
Groundwater Protection Program Tests the Limits of Regulatory Flexibility. The articles
included in the guide are reprints of the cover articles for the December 1995/January
1996 issue of The National Voter, the magazine of the League of Women Voters of the
United States. The guide includes questions and answers about meeting formats,
suggested discussion questions and answers about planning community-wide
programs, and a resource section.
PROTECT YOUR GROUNDWATER: EDUCATING FOR ACTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
League of Women Voters Education Fund
1994
League of Women Voters of the United States
1730M. St., NW
169
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: (202)429-1965
Fax: (202) 429-0854
League of Women Voters of the United States Resource Web Page:
http://www.lwv.org/pubweb/resources
$6.95 each ($5.95 for members)
Publication that outlines the step-by-step process for developing a
ground-water education program in a community.
Community activists
60-page document with chapters on Getting Started; Researching and
Developing Information; Development and Distribution of Materials;
Public Meetings, Forums, and Workshops; Publicity; Fund Raising; and
Keeping It Going. The appendices contain League Community
Groundwater Education Projects, sources of ground-water
contamination, data collection forms, and resources.
This document outlines the step-by-step process for developing ground-water
education programs in communities throughout the country. It was produced as part of
the League of Women Voters Education Fund's (LWVEF) national education project on
ground water, launched in 1991. Working with 18 state and local leagues around the
country, the LWVEF created a variety of citizen education models for ground-water
protection.
KIDS FOR SAVING EARTH: THE POLLUTION SOLUTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Kids For Saving Earth (KSE) Worldwide
1992
KSE Worldwide
P.O. Box421118
Minneapolis, MN 55442
Phone: (612)559-1234
Fax: (612) 559-6980
E-mail: kseww@aol.com
Information not available
Children $7.00; family $12.00; club $15.00; school $9.00 (content of
package varies depending on the organization or individual ordering)
Information packet on kids for saving earth programs.
Children, families, clubs, schools
170
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Content: The KSE Information Packet includes the following materials:
1) KSE Pin
2) KSE Sticker
3) KSE Membership Application
4) Teacher's Guide for Little Kids For Saving Earth
5) KSE Action Guide
6) KSE Arctic Curriculum Fact Sheet
7) KSE E-Pal Fact Sheet
8) KSE Rock The World CD Fund-Raising and Order Form
9) Information Postcard about the KSE Earthworks Central Kit
10) KSE Kids Fact Sheet on Teaching Adults
11) Power Poster and Information Fact Sheet about the KSE Action
Program
12) Fact Sheet about the "Wonderful World of Water"
13) KSE Donation Form
14) KSE Member's Certificate
15) KSE Newsletter
Abstract: The KSE kit includes all information needed to implement the KSE program. KSE was
first created by 11-year old Clinton Hill as a club dedicated to peaceful earth-saving
action. When Clinton died of cancer, his parents established KSE as a non-profit
organization. Under their leadership, KSE grew from a single club to a worldwide
organization with hundreds of thousands of children doing good earth works. The
Mission of KSE Worldwide is to educate, inspire, and empower children to protect the
Earth's environment. KSE Worldwide provides action-oriented educational materials to
individual kids, families, clubs, and classrooms.
1998 GROUNDWATER GUARDIAN ASSISTANCE KIT
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
The Groundwater Association
1998
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
Information not available
Materials in the Assistance Kit are available to Groundwater Guardian
Communities and their affiliates at no charge
Assistance Kit to Groundwater Guardian Communities.
General Public
171
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Content: Official Assistance Kit Materials:
1) Index of Watershed Indicators. U.S. EPA. September 1997
2) Surf Your Watershed. U.S. EPA. (www.epa.gov/surf/)
3) Groundwater: The Hidden Resource Poster. U.S. Geological Survey
4) National Water Quality Inventory 1994 Report to Congress:
Groundwater Chapters. U.S. EPA. 1996. 63 pp.
5) Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water Publications. U.S. EPA.
1996. 68 pp.
6) Fact Sheet: Update on Lead Leaching From Submersible Well Pumps
and Private Drinking Water Systems. U.S. EPA. September 1995.
7) Making Waves: How To Put On A Water Festival. Amy Killham. The
Groundwater Foundation. 1993. 58 pp.
Other Materials Provided With This Tool:
1) List of additional materials available to Groundwater Guardian
Communities and affiliates free of charge
2) Reproducible Groundwater Guardian Logos
3) 1997 Ground Guardian Assistance Kit Survey
4) U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet
5) Groundwater Guardian Community and Affiliate Profiles 1997
6) Biosolids Recycling: An Environmental Sound Way To Put A
Valuable Resource To Work For All Of Us (Tri-Fold Brochure)
7) Go To The Source on Water Quality (Four-Fold Brochure)
8) International Stockholm Junior Water Prize (Tri-Fold Brochure)
9) Why We Need Environmental Action (8-page brochure on an
interdisciplinary environmental school curriculum)
10) Runoff Report: Watershed Information Network News (32-page
newsletter)
Abstract: The Groundwater Foundation, a private non-profit educational organization that
motivates people to care about and for their ground water, created the Groundwater
Guardian program to support, recognize, and connect communities protecting their
ground water.
GROUNDWATER & SURFACE WATER: UNDERSTANDING THE
INTERACTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Conservation Technology Information Center
Information not available
Conservation Technology Information Center
1220 Potter Dr. Room170
W. Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: (765) 494-9555
Fax: (765) 494-5969
E-mail: kyu@ctic.purdue.edu
Conservation Technology Information Center Home Page:
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http://kyw.ctic.purdue.edu
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
1 copy $2.00 each; 2-24 copies $1.50 each; 25-99 copies $.90 each;
100+ copies $.70 each
Guide booklet for watershed partnerships.
Anyone interested in organizing a local, voluntary partnership to protect
their watershed
14 Pages, including a one-page directory of resources.
This guide is one in a series of guides intended for the lay person interested in
organizing a local, voluntary partnership to protect their watershed. Its purpose is to
provide guidance for building a voluntary partnership, assessing watersheds,
developing a watershed management plan, and implementing that plan. Although the
guide is written for watershed-based planning areas, the ideas and processes can be
used for developing other plans (such as wildlife areas) to match the multiple concerns
of the partnership. This booklet points out six key characteristics to understanding
ground-water interaction and includes guidelines that can be followed when
organizing a watershed partnership:
1) Groundwater: A Hidden Resource describes the ABC's of ground water and
provides a self-test on ground-water IQ.
2) How Groundwater and Surface Water Connect discusses the relationship
between ground water and surface water and how one can contaminate the
other.
3) Defining Combined Boundaries explains why watershed partnerships select
or define boundaries to address all natural resources.
4) Threats to Groundwater includes descriptions of water quality and ground-
water contaminant sources.
5) Management Approaches provides insight into watershed management for
both existing and future uses of ground water.
6) Management Tools lists a number of vehicles available to manage ground-
water resources.
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY INVENTORY 1994 REPORT TO
CONGRESS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
U.S. EPA
1994
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
173
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/catalog
Information not available
Bulletin fulfilling Clean Water Act requirements by states and other
participating jurisdictions.
Congress and the General Public
63-pages, including chapters for each key characteristic (see Abstract
section) and an appendix.
This bulletin summarizes information related to the quality of our Nation's water
resources as reported by states, territories, and American Indian Tribes in their required
bi-annual water quality assessment reports. Most of the survey information in the 1994
Section 305(b) reports is based on water quality information collected and evaluated
during 1992 and 1993. The bulletin contains two chapters dedicated to ground-water
findings: Ground Water Quality and Ground Water Protection Programs.
OFFICE OF GROUND WATER AND DRINKING WATER
PUBLICATIONS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
June 1996
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
(International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190)
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/catalog
Information not available
Catalog listing of environmental publications.
Community leaders, researchers, and others interested in obtaining
information on ground water or drinking water
66 pages, including an Introduction, "How to Use This Catalog,"
Bibliographies, and an alphabetical listing of Document Titles.
174
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Abstract: This catalog provides a list of all publications developed by the Office of Ground
Water and Drinking Water. Publications include:
1) Fact sheets, brochures and pamphlets
2) Technical assistance documents
3) Youth education
4) Wellhead protection
5) Underground injection
6) Scientific/fact finding reports
7) National Pesticide Survey (NPS)
8) Legislation, Federal Register notices, program direction
9) Contaminant-specific fact sheets
DESDEMONA 's SPLASH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC)
Information not available
Desdemona's Splash
c/o CTIC
1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170
West Lafayette, IN 47906
Conservation Technology Information Center's Youth Education Web
Page:
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/catalog/youtheducation.html
First CD: $12.00. Additional CDS: $7.00
Interactive game on CD-ROM that teaches players about water quality.
Children and adults interested in playing an interactive game on water
quality
CD-ROM and accompanying instruction book.
Desdemona's Splash is an interactive computer game that delivers information on
nonpoint source pollution in a fast-paced and entertaining format. Appealing for
audiences of all ages, it teaches fundamental concepts about nonpoint source pollution
prevention measures in farm, city, and neighborhood settings. Point and click screens
that move and have sound help players learn how day-to-day decisions can affect the
water quality of lakes and streams.
WATER RESOURCES EDUCATION POSTERS
Developer/Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
175
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Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
1992
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25286
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Phone: (303) 236-7477
Information not available
Information not available
Series of posters on water resources for children in grades 3-8. The
posters are available in color and black and white. The black-and-white
posters are intended for coloring by children in grades K-2. Some of the
posters are available in Spanish.
Elementary and Middle School Teachers
The water resource topics are drawn in cartoon format. The back of each
poster contains a variety of information as well as definitions and
activities for students.
Abstract: Some of the posters available are titled:
"Water: The Resource that Gets Used & Used & Used for Everything!"
"How Do We Treat Our Wastewater?"
"Wetlands: Water, Wildlife, Plants, & People!"
"Ground Water: The Hidden Resource!"
"Water Quality: Potential Sources of Pollution"
"Navigation: Traveling the Water Highways!"
"Watersheds: Where We Live."
Sponsors of The Water Resources Education Poster series include the U.S. Geological
Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. EPA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Nebraska Groundwater Foundation, and National Science Teachers Association.
THAT MAGNIFICENT GROUND WATER CONNECTION
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
New England Interstate Water Pollution Control
Commission in partnership with U.S. EPA Region 1
Information not available
N.E.I.E.T.C.
2 Fort Rd.
So. Portland, ME 04106
Phone: (207) 767-2539
Information not available
176
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Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Resource Book for grades K-6: $25.00
Resource Book for grades 7-12: $25.00
Notebook to teach students about ground water.
Teachers and students in grades K-12
Activities and other material covering a wide range of information on
ground water that encourage math, social studies, art, and writing skills.
Abstract: That Magnificent Ground Water Connection is divided into two complete ground
water resource packages. One is designed for grades K-6; the other for grades 7-12.
The books are a compilation of selected groundwater-related activities from available
curricula, seasoned with a smattering of original material. The material can be applied
to a variety of subjects, notjust science. All material has been adapted to the New
England area to help students learn about the region's geologic and hydrologic
properties and allow them to see how groundwater fits into the water cycle in their
own communities.
A WORLD IN OUR BACKYARD
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
New England Interstate Water Pollution
Control Commission
Information not available
Environmental Media Corporation
P.O. Box 1016
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Phone: (800) ENV-EDUC
Fax: (919)942-8785
This package also is available for loan from the following center
locations:
New England Interstate Training Center: (207) 767-2539
EPA Region 1 library: (617) 565-3300
New England Aquarium Teacher Resource Center: (617) 973-6590
Environmental Media Corporation On-Line Catalog:
http://www.envmedia.com/cgi-bin/w3-msql/catalog/toc.html
Guidebook: $12.95
Videocassette: $29.95
Complete package: $39.95
Shipping and handling: $3.75 (purchase of $30 or less)
$5.75 (purchase of $30-$60)
A 15-minute informative video for teachers, a 7-minute introductory
video for students, and a 140-page guidebook
177
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Target Audience: Teachers and students
Content: A videotape and 140-page guidebook that contains the following
chapters:
Chapter 1: Wetland Science
Chapter 2: Types of Wetlands
Chapter 3: Functions and Values of Wetlands
Chapter 4: Threats to Wetlands
Chapter 5: Finding a Wetland to Study
Chapter 6: A Wetland Field Study
Chapter 7: Protecting Wetlands
Chapter 8: How to Adopt a Wetland
Abstract: "A World in Our Backyard" is a series for middle-school students and their teachers
that uses local wetlands as outdoor classrooms. The package includes a program for
teachers and a program for students.
The program for teachers features three teachers in different kinds of schools who are
using a wetland area in their curriculum. This program helps teachers who have little
or no experience in outdoor settings to visualize similar kinds of activities in their own
classes. The teachers and students that we follow into the wetland come from a wide
range of educational, social, economic, and ecological backgrounds.
The program for students titled "Fabulous Wetlands" will be enjoyed by the students
and teachers alike and is intended to motivate students into learning more about
wetlands issues.
A "World in Our Backyard" teaching guide provides a wealth of information to help
teachers in designing a program that suits their own needs. It includes background
information on watersheds, wetland functions and values, types of wetlands, threats to
wetlands, and ways of protecting wetland areas. It also contains information on how to
become a part of EPA's Adopt-A-Wetland program and a resource guide to other
organizations and resources to support a curriculum that includes the wetlands
ecosystem. The 25 indoor and outdoor activities are formatted to support teachers in
grades 5 through 8.
DRINKING WA TER ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
U.S. EPA
January 1995
178
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 810-B-95-001)
U.S. EPA Office of Water's Kid's Page, which includes a link to its
drinking water activities for students and teachers:
http://www.epa.gov/ow/kids.html
Free
Activities Kit
Students and teachers
(See Abstract section)
Abstract: This kit contains ten chapters full of various activities that educate students about
ground water and drinking water. There are a variety of themes and slogans throughout
the material, but the same idea always emerges: drinking water must be protected. The
titles of the ten chapters are as follows:
1) Ground Water: In-Classroom Activities For Elementary School Students
2) Ground Water: In-Classroom Activities For Middle School Students
3) Various Student Activity Sheets In English, Spanish and French
4) Blue Thumb Game With Instructions
5) Various Drinking Water Trivia Sheets
6) In-Classroom Experiments
7) Decision Process For Drinking Water Flow Chart
8) Fact Sheet: 21 Conservation Measures For Everyone
9) Bookmarks
10) Drinking Water Activities For Drinking Water Science Projects
ENVIROSCAPE II
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Enviroscape Models
Information not available
Enviroscape Models
c/oJT& A, Inc.
4 Herbert St.
Alexandria, VA 22305
Phone: (703)519-2180
Fax: (703)519-2190
OTHER
179
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Information on the Enviroscape products:
http://site210006.primehost.com/news.htm
Enviroscape II base only (accessories not included): $249
Enviroscape II Deluxe Unit with case (all accessories included): $829
(additional components and add-ons can be purchased separately)
Interactive, portable model of a watershed.
All ages and audiences
Content: The contents of this kit vary depending on what the user chooses to
order. The Enviroscape II base and map, water plug, and users guide are
included in the "essentials" list. An accessory kit (buildings, vehicles,
cows, etc.), a deluxe carrying case, a nylon shoulder bag, and a variety
of add-on scenarios (such as hazardous waste, wetlands, groundwater,
and riparian kit) also are available for purchase.
Abstract: This kit is an effective, hands-on way to demonstrate that water pollution begins and
ends with humans. The exhibit shows a watershed's many land uses including urban,
industrial/commercial, farm, highway, forest, stream bank, and lake shore.
Enviroscape is an interactive, portable model of a watershed that dramatically
demonstrates water pollution and its prevention.
WE ALL LIVE DOWNSTREAM
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA Region 3
May 1995
U.S. EPA Region 3
Nonpoint Source Program
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215)597-9911/3429
Information not available
Information not available
31-page booklet that provides teachers with information on obtaining
additional support and teaching materials. It is intended for teachers
who are interested in enhancing their curricula with nonpoint source
concepts. This booklet is a follow-up to Region 3's Women in Science
and Engineering (WISE) poem and poster contest.
Teachers in Region 3
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Content:
The booklet describes the severity of the nonpoint source water quality
problem; the movement of nonpoint source pollution through a
watershed; and the impact of urban, agricultural, and coal mine
pollution. It presents two examples of federal grant programs that
support projects to reduce nonpoint source pollution and educate about
watershed protection. It lists steps people can take to reduce nonpoint
source pollution. A list of local, regional, and national publications;
handbooks; and curricula are provided. Contact names for people and
programs at local, federal, and state levels in Region 3 also are
provided.
Abstract: (See Content section)
OTHER RESOURCES
THE EPA CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH YEARBOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA
June 1998
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local, and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to EPA Publication Number EPA 100-R-98-100)
U.S. EPA's Office of Children's Health Protection Home Page:
http://www.epa.gov/children
Free
223-page report on EPA's activities related to children's health.
U.S. EPA and the General Public
Eleven chapters, a glossary, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, and an
index:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Asthma and Other Respiratory Effects
Chapter 3: Childhood Cancer
Chapter 4: Developmental and Neurological Toxicity
Chapter 5: Health Effects of Pesticides
Chapter 6: Potential Risks from Contaminated Water
Chapter 7: Predicting Health Risks to Children
Chapter 8: Protecting Children Worldwide
181
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Abstract:
Chapter 9: Environmental Education Related to Children's Health
Chapter 10: Enhanced Community Right-To-Know
Chapter 11: Children's Health Resources
This report, which was developed by EPA's Office of Children's Health
Protection, is designed to be a resource guide of EPA activities for the
public and a tool for U.S. EPA to use in protecting children's health from
environmental hazards. Each chapter outlines EPA's efforts to address
potential environmental health threats. The brief descriptions of EPA
projects include contacts for more information. The final section directs
readers to additional EPA resources.
YOUR CHILD AND THE ENVIRONMENT: GUIDELINES FOR
PARENTS
Developer/Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
1996
American Academy of Pediatrics
Division of Publications
141 Northwest Point Blvd.
P.O. Box 927
Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927
American Academy of Pediatrics Home Page:
http://www.aap.org/
$24.95 per 100 copies (members)
$29.95 per 100 copies (non-members)
18-Panel Brochure
Parents
Guidelines for protecting children from environmental hazards.
This brochure includes information on environmental hazards that pose
risks to children. It includes information on hazards in the home,
including environmental tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide, radon,
household products, and molds. It also discusses on-thejob hazards that
are brought into the home, such as lead, chemicals, and fumes, from the
workplace. Other issues discussed include asbestos, pesticides, drinking
water, the sun, outdoor air pollution, lawn fertilizers, and art supplies.
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HOME*A *SYST: AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT GUIDE
FOR THE HOME
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
National Home*A*Syst Program
April 1997
National Home-A-Syst Program
B142 Steenbock Library
550 Babock Dr.
Madison, Wl 53583-1293
Phone: (608) 265-8545
Fax: (608) 265-2775
E-mail: homeasyst@macc.wisc.edu
National Home-A-Syst and Farm-A-Syst Program Home Page:
http://www.wisc.edu/farmasyst/
Online Order Form:
http://www.wisc.edu/farmasyst/update/online.html
$11.00
An Environmental Risk-Assessment Guide For The Home.
Residents of rural and suburban homes
116-page program guidebook
Home*A*Syst Check List
Home*A*Syst Program Fact Sheet
Video on the National Farm*A*Syst and Home*A*Syst Programs
Newsletter about the Farm*A*Syst and Home*A*Syst programs
Home*A*Syst is a confidential, self-assessment program to be used by residents to
evaluate homes and properties for pollution and health risks. The guidebook is for
residents who care about their health and the environment and are willing to take
steps to improve how they manage their homes. It includes 11 chapters that cover
topics that every resident or homeowner should understand to improve their homes.
The Farm*A*Syst program is a voluntary state program designed to educate farmers on
how their activities, storage structures, and well design may affect the quality of their
drinking water. It has been expanded to assess pollution risks for all farm and ranch
activities, and for non-farm homes.
183
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THE HEALTHY HOME HANDBOOK
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
John Warde, Times Books, New York, NY
March 1997
(See Web Site section)
Randomhouse's Home Page:
http://www.randomhouse.com
Online Order Form with specific information about this book:
http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.cgi70812921518
$17.00
Book that answers questions about harmful household substances.
Concerned home owners
388 pages, including an introduction, illustrations, 13 chapters, 28 pages
on "Where to Find Help," and a 27-page index.
Abstract: In "The Healthy Home Handbook," John Warde, former home-improvement columnist
for The New York Times, answers the most frequently asked questions about asbestos,
lead, radon, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The book is
divided into three parts:
1) Parti: Controlling Indoor Pollutants
2) Part II: Minimizing Safety Hazards
3) Appendices on Electromagnetic Fields, Seasonal Affective Disorder,
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Where to Find Help, and an Index
The aim of this book is to provide straightforward, practical instructions for eliminating
household pollutants, poisons, and safety hazards, while at the same time presenting
the most accurate and thorough information currently available on these subjects.
RAISING CHILDREN Toxic FREE
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Herbert L. Needleman, M.D., and Philip J. Landrigan,
Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, New York
1994
I.D.
184
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Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Publisher:
Farrar, Straus, and Giroux
19 Union Square West
New York, NY 10003
Order on the Internet through Amazon.com (See Internet Address
below).
Amazon.corn's Home Page:
http://www.amazon.com
Information about this book with a link to an online order form:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0374246432/002-9303108-
2209041
List price $20.00 Amazon's price: $14.00
Tool Type/Purpose: Book with information about how to protect children from
environmental health hazards.
Target Audience: General Public, especially Parents and Day-Care Providers
Content: 259-page book that discusses environmental threats to children.
Abstract: Two experts on environmental diseases offer the first guide for parents and physicians
on how to realistically control the threat to children's health from pollution. Topics
covered include: reproduction; behavior, development, and environmental
neurotoxins; cancer; and the most common environmental toxins, such as lead,
mercury, asbestos, and pesticides.
HEALTHY HOMES, HEALTHY KIDS: PROTECTING YOUR
CHILDREN FROM EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Joyce M. Shoemaker, Ph.D., and Charity Y. Vitale, Ph.D.
Island Press, Washington, DC, and Covelo, CA
1991
Island Press, Suite 300
1718 Connecticut Ave. NW
Washington, D.C. 20009
Order over the Internet through Open Group Publishing (See Web Site
below)
185
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Web Site:
Open Group Publishing Home Page:
http://www.openpublishing.com/
Information about this book with a link to an online order form:
http://www.opengroup.eom/open/fabooks/155/1559630566.shtml
$12.95
Book to educate people about environmental hazards and the options
for dealing with them.
Concerned homeowners and parents
221-page book with the following chapters:
1) Part I. The Healthy Playroom
2) Part 2. The Healthy Yard
3) Part 3. The Healthy Meal
4) Part 4. The Healthy Nap
5) Part 5. The Healthy Cleanup
6) Appendix: EPA Regional Offices
7) Selected Bibliography
8) Index
Abstract: This book serves as a guide to parents for safeguarding their homes from
environmental hazards. It discusses environmental issues, such as radon, asbestos,
pesticides, lead paint, household cleaners, and food additives.
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
OUR CHILDREN AT RISK: THE 5 WORST ENVIRONMENTAL
THREATS TO THEIR HEALTH
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
National Resources Defense Council
November 1997
NRDC Publications Dept.
40 West 20th St.
New York, NY
NRDC Home Page:
http://www.nrdc.org/
Available for viewing or ordering online at:
http://www.nrdc.org/nrdcpro/fppubl.html
$14.00 +$3.50 shipping and handling
Book summarizing adverse health conditions caused by five of the worst
environmental threats to children.
186
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Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
General Public, especially Parents and Day-Care Providers
124-page book that discusses the following issues:
Children's Special Vulnerability to Environmental Risks
Lead
Air Pollution
Pesticides
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Drinking Water Contamination
Important Next Steps to Protect Children's Environmental Health
This report identifies the five worst environmental threats to children's health and
makes recommendations to protect the next generation. These five threats are: lead, air
pollution, pesticides, environmental tobacco smoke, and drinking water
contamination. Scientific research strongly indicates that children are at greater risk
from these exposures than adults and that these threats affect the broadest number of
children in the United States.
EPA STRATEGIC PLAN
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
U.S. EPA
September 1997
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800)490-9198
International, local and government employees: (513) 489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epamail.epa.gov
(Refer to publication number: EPA 190-R-97-002)
Ordering Information:
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/Catalog/EPA190R97002.html
Full-version of the document from the National Environmental
Publications Information Web Site (search for 190R97002):
http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/nepishom/srch.htm
Free
Strategic plan acting as a blueprint for taking EPA into the 21st Century
and achieving critical human health and environmental protection for
the American people over the next five years.
General Public and Scientific Community
187
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Content:
108-page strategic plan that includes:
Abstract:
1) Introduction: Preparing for a New Era of Environmental Protection
2) EPA's Mission, Goals and Principles
3) Agency Approaches to Achieving Our Goals
4) Benefits and Costs of EPA's Activities
5) New Ways of Achieving Our Overall Mission: Key Cross-Agency
Programs
6) Assessing Our Results
7) Appendices
A) How the Strategic Plan Connects to Other Agency
Documents
B) Consultation and External Stakeholder Input into the EPA
Strategic Plan
This EPA Strategic Plan charts the Agency's course for protecting human health and the
environment now and into the 21st century.
No KIDDING AROUND: AMERICA rs YOUNG ACTIVISTS ARE
CHANGING OUR WORLD AND You CAN Too
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
\7
Wendy Schaetzel Lesko, Activism 2000 Project
1992
Published by:
Information USA, Inc.
P.O. Box E
Kensington, MD 20895
(301)942-6303
To order, call (800) KID-POWER
Information not available
$18.95 plus $4.00 shipping and handling
A 260-page book designed to guide young people in efforts to be active
on issues that trouble them.
Anyone interested in how youth-sponsored activities are changing our
world
Information on launching a campaign by collecting information, inviting
support, developing solutions and choosing a course of action. Provides
case histories and contact lists including state legislatures and
congressional committees.
-------
Abstract: The author is the founder of Activism 2000, a clearinghouse founded to promote the
political participation of young people. The book covers a variety of tips, resources,
and strategies for making changes through public and political action. It provides step-
by-step guidance for getting results from an idea or concern. It is presented in an easy
to follow, user-friendly format and provides extensive information on ways to gather
more information from key contacts.
SOFTWARE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
OTHER
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
U.S. EPA and Purdue University
February 1998
The Farm Building Plan Service
Purdue University
1146 ABE Building
West Lafayette, IN 47907-1146
Phone: (765)494-1173
Fax: (765)494-1356
E-Mail: fbps@ecn.purdue.edu
Karen Reshkin
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 West Jackson (P-19J)
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
Phone: (312)353-6353
U.S. EPA Region 5 SEAHOME Web Site:
http://www.epa.gov/seahome/
Registered CD-ROM versions of all programs from Purdue University:
$25.00
Copies of individual programs copied by EPA onto diskettes: Free
Individual downloadable programs from the SEAHOME Web site: Free
Smaller programs available from America Online: Free
Environmental software programs that include Spanish translations and
address a variety of environmental issues.
Anyone interested in high-quality, relevant environmental information
presented in a convenient format.
Computer programs that cover the following topics:
! Household Waste Management
! Mercury in Medical Facilities
! Environmental Assessment Case Study
! Environmental Assessment
189
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Air & Atmosphere
Public Health
Water Conservation
Wetlands
Water Education
Drinking Water
Waste Water Treatment
Farmstead Risk Assessment
Agriculture
Abstract: Since 1988, U.S. EPA Region 5 and Purdue University have worked together to
develop environmental software programs that make complex environmental subjects
clear and understandable and learning enjoyable. These computer aided instruction
programs include Spanish translations and address a variety of environmental issues.
Program development initially focused on water-related topics, later growing to
include new subjects such as solid waste, air pollution, and environmental assessment.
As demand for the programs increased, the Region 5 staff realized that people from all
over the world needed high-quality, relevant environmental information presented in a
convenient format. In 1991, a demonstration was made to the U.S. Information
Agency's (USIA) Environmental Coordinator. A cooperative effort between the State
Department and U.S. EPA resulted, making a set of the EPA/Purdue programs available
to all USIA libraries, posts, and embassies. More than 65 USIA sites requested
complete sets, and by September 1992, the software programs had been distributed to
almost 900 organizations in all 50 states and 71 foreign countries. Distribution of the
software continues to expand, thanks to a variety of distribution mechanisms,
including diskette, CD-ROM, a web site, computer bulletin board systems, and
America Online.
RESOURCES FOR SCHOOLS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
OTHER
U.S. EPA Region 5
March 12, 1998
U.S. EPA Region 5 Indoor Air Coordinator
Phone: (312)353-2205
U.S. EPA Region 5's Web Site Dedicated to Air Issues:
http://www.epa.gov/ARD-R5/
Information not available
Resource list
School Teachers and Librarians
Listing of EPA resources that cover the following topics: indoor air
quality; asbestos; lead; pesticides; radon; cleaning; other indoor
environmental concerns; asthma; school-related reports; environmental
190
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educational beneficial landscaping; Energy Star/Green Lights Program;
and Cooperative Partners.
Abstract: (See Content section)
HEALTHY STEPS: CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT RECORD
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
OTHER
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Healthy Steps for Young Children Program with support
from Boston University School of Medicine, ICF Kaiser, The
Commonwealth Fund, and Roy Alexander.
1996
The Commonwealth Fund
One East 75th Street
New York, NY 10021-2692
Phone: (212)535-0400
Fax: (212)606-3500
E-Mail: mm@cmwf.org
Healthy Steps Program Home Page:
http://www.healthysteps.org/
The Commonwealth Fund Web Site:
http://www.cmwf.org
Information not available
Child Health and Development Recordkeeping Book.
Parents
This record keeping book includes the following information and charts:
Introduction
Table of Contents
Identification page for your child
Child's Family Medical History
Appointments with your Healthy Steps Practice
The Birth and Your New Baby
Keeping Your Child Healthy: Immunizations
Home Visits
Your Newborn's First Home Visit
Newborn through 5-Year Old Medical Check-up Record Charts
Your Growing Child
Growth Charts
Vitamins, Fluoride Supplements and Your Baby's First Foods
Feeding Your Baby
Baby's Food Record
Your Child's Teeth
Stepping Stones
191
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! Your Child's Illness, Allergy, and Accident Record
! Important Phone Numbers
Abstract: The Healthy Steps Child Health and Development Recordkeeping Book serves as a
permanent record of growth and development, immunizations, serious illnesses, and
accidents through age 18, and as a vehicle for regular communication between parents
and the Healthy Steps team. Parents are asked to maintain the book and bring it to
each physician visit, regularly writing responses to questions in the book about their
child's specific attributes, milestones and activities. The book is an innovation. It goes
beyond the immunization and weight record that pediatricians have traditionally
offered to parents. It also provides safety tips and child-rearing insights.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEAL TH CENTER 's ENVIRONMINUTES KID 's
CORNER
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center
February 20, 1998
Environmental Health Center
A Division of the National Safety Council
1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 293-2270 or (800) 557-2366
Fax: (202) 293-0032
Environmental Health Center's EnvironMinutes Kid's Corner Web Site:
http://www.nsc.org/ehc/children.htm
Available for free at the web site listed above
Web Site dedicated to teaching environmental safety and health issues.
Children
Web Site with links to games and children's activities available on the
Internet.
Abstract: (See Content section)
WHAT TO DO ABOUT HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Philadelphia Local Emergency Planning Committee
Information not available
Philadelphia Local Emergency Planning Committee
192
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Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
Target Audience:
Content:
Abstract:
c/o Philadelphia Office of Emergency Management
Fire Administration Building
240 Spring Garden Street
Philadelphia, PA 19123
Phone: (215)686-1141
Information not available
Information not available
Four-fold brochure describing Philadelphia's Local Emergency Planning
Committee's guidelines for citizens in the event of a hazardous
chemical emergency.
Residents living in Philadelphia
(See Tool Type/Purpose section)
This brochure describes two actions citizens may be asked to take if a hazardous
chemical emergency occurs in their community: shelter in place or evacuate. It also
includes phone numbers to contact during an emergency and who to contact to report
illegal or suspicious handling of hazardous chemicals.
NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS CATALOG FOR PROFESSIONALS
Developer/Publisher:
Date Developed:
Contact Information:
Web Site:
Cost Information:
Tool Type/Purpose:
National Institutes of Health
October 1997
NHLBI Information Center
P.O. Box30105
Bethesda, MD 20824-0105
(301)251-1222
(Refer to NIH publication number: 97-3085)
NIH Home Page:
http://www.nih.gov/
Some publications in the catalog can be viewed or downloaded from:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/nhlbi.htm/
Information not available
40-page catalog in booklet form containing information on publications,
posters, and other educational materials available from the National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for health professionals, the public, and
patients.
193
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Target Audience: Health Professionals and the General Public
Content: The catalog contains patient education booklets, professional education
materials, clinical practice guidelines, elementary school materials,
health education program ideas and kits, fact sheets and IQ quizzes for
general interest, materials in Spanish and English, and materials for
African Americans. Publications for professionals, the general public,
and patients are separated in the catalog.
Abstract: (See Content section)
194
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INDEX
air quality 5, 1, 3-5, 7, 8, 11, 82, 123, 124, 127-131, 134-144, 159-163, 192
allergies 102, 107, 108, 121, 126
asthma 5, 3, 11, 107-114, 121, 126, 132, 144, 159-161, 163, 183, 192
ATSDR 25, 69, 71, 72, 76, 116
bacteria 99, 101
cancer 5, 16, 19, 53, 105, 115, 116, 140, 172, 183, 186
carbon monoxide 5, 128, 130, 140, 158, 159, 163, 184
CBEP 87, 88
Department of Health and Human Services 84, 154
drinking water 24, 44, 67, 68, 79,82,86, 137, 164, 165, 167, 170, 173, 175, 176, 180, 181,
184, 185, 188, 191
education 5, 7-9, 25, 28-30, 35, 38, 51-53, 58, 67, 68, 77, 82, 85, 86, 88, 89, 94-97, 99, 100,
104-106, 110, 111, 114, 117, 120, 121, 132, 134-136, 148, 159-
161, 165-171, 176-178, 183, 191, 195
environmental justice 73, 78, 159-161
EPA 1, 3, 1, 5, 7-24, 34-41, 45-48, 50, 54-56, 59-63, 67, 73-76, 81, 87, 88, 91-99, 103, 118, 123-
125, 127-131, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142-153, 157-159, 161,
162, 166-168, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178-183, 187-192
FDA 101, 154, 155
fish 29, 178
food 5, 35, 47, 53, 57, 65, 99-104, 155, 187, 193
Foreign Language
Chinese 35, 67
French 180
Haitian Creole 35, 66, 67
Hmong 29
Khmer 35
Laotian 29
Polish 35
Portuguese 35
Russian 35
Spanish 2, 7, 29, 30, 33, 35, 42, 47, 63, 66, 67, 72, 73, 78, 82, 100,
106-108, 112, 119, 123, 149, 151, 157, 159, 166, 177, 180, 191,
195
Vietnamese 35
groundwater 169-174, 178, 181
health . 1, 3, 5, 2-6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19-21, 23-32, 36, 37, 39-43, 45, 51-53, 57, 58, 60, 61, 66-
69, 72-74, 76, 78, 81-86, 88-92, 99, 102-107, 110, 111, 113, 114,
116-123, 125-132, 134, 135, 138-144, 149, 150, 153, 154, 156,
158, 159, 162-164, 182, 183, 185-189, 191-195
home . 2-8, 16, 22-24, 26-31, 34-36, 38-45, 47, 50-54, 56-59, 61-72, 78, 80-82, 85, 86, 88-90, 92,
93, 95, 97, 99-106, 111-114, 116, 117, 119-130, 132, 134, 139,
141, 144, 145, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157-165, 174, 183-188, 192,
193, 195
hospitals 138, 139, 159
HUD 22, 23
indoor air quality 5, 82, 123, 124, 127-131, 134-144, 159-163, 192
lead . 5, 22-46, 62, 63, 67, 68, 76, 78, 82, 99, 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130, 132, 137, 163, 173,
184-188, 192
mercury 67, 68, 75, 76, 186, 191
195
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pesticides ... 5, 9, 34, 39, 41, 46-48, 50-68, 73, 82, 101, 103, 115, 124, 130, 136, 137, 163, 183,
184, 186-188, 192
pollution prevention 9, 80, 177
public health 3, 27, 28, 30, 36, 43, 69, 92, 110, 114, 128, 134, 150, 154, 191
radiation 5, 11, 13, 18, 19, 21, 162
radon 5, 80-82, 122, 124, 127-130, 137, 144-154, 158, 159, 163, 184, 185, 187, 192
solid waste 25, 79, 80, 82, 191
teaching materials . 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, 31, 33, 35, 36, 44, 65, 66, 74, 78, 85, 93, 104, 109, 119, 132,
162, 166-168, 171, 177, 178, 180, 181, 191
tobacco 5, 82, 89, 124, 130, 154-160, 163, 184, 188
USDA 100, 101, 127
USGS 165
water . 5, 2, 9, 24, 32, 35, 36, 43, 44, 48, 61, 67, 68, 79, 80, 82, 86, 94, 101, 137, 151, 164-171,
173-178, 180-185, 188, 191
196
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Chemotherapy Drugs
Several chemotherapy drugs (anti-neoplasties) are listed in 40 CFR 261.33(f) (commonly known
as the U-list). As such, these wastes are regulated under the EPA hazardous wastes regulations
(unless subject to the small quantity generator exclusion). Included in the listing are the
following discarded commercial chemical products, off-specification species, container residues,
and spill residues:
l)chlorambucil(U035)
2) cyclophosphamide (U058)
3) daunomycin (U059)
4)melphalan(U150)
5)mitomycinC(U010)
6) streptozotocin (U206)
7) uracil mustard (U237)
Mercury in Patient Rooms
Equipment
Thermometers
Sphgymomanometers
Electrical Instruments
Use
Temperature Measurement
Blood Pressure
Nursing Incubators
Room Temperature Controllers
Mercury in Storage/Maintenance Rooms
Antifouling agents
Cleaning Chemicals
Degreasers
Outdated mercury-containing equipment
Paints
Preservatives
Solvents
Mercury Products used in Treatment/Surgery Rooms
Use
Antifungal/Anti-Infectious
/Bacteriostatic Enzyme
/Ammonia
Antibacterial Agent
Product
Merthiolate
Mercury Nitrate
Mercury Iodide
Mercurochrome
Mercury
Thimerosal (26% of Hg)
-------
Equipment Containing Mercury used in Treatment/Surgery Rooms
Equipment
Batteries - Mercuric Oxide
Thermometers
Sphgymomanometers
Esophageal Dilators
Cantor Tubes
Miller Abbot Tubes
Feeding Tubes
Lamps
Use
Hearing Aids
Pacemakers
Defibrillators
Fetal Monitors
Hofler Monitor
Temperature Measurement
Blood Pressure
Hg is used as weight at the bottom of the tubes
Fluorescent Lamps
Metal Halide Lamps
High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Ultraviolet Lamps
Cathode Ray tubes
Mercury-Containing Equipment of General Use
Product
Batteries - Mercuric Oxide
Barometers
Electrical Instruments
Use
Pagers
Picker Caliber
Spirometer Alarm
Telemetry Transmitter
Temperature Alarm
Weather Conditions
Room Temperature Controllers
Refrigerators
Relays
Switches (no noise switch used in patient rooms)
Other Sources of Mercury from Medical Institutions
• Mercury and mercury compound trapped in the sewer traps during spill.
• Incinerators: Mercury is discharged to air while burning or discharged to water through
water scrubber.
• Manhole Bottom: Mercury accumulates in the sludge at the bottom of the manhole.
Mercury Products used in Dental Clinics
Dental Amalgam
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Prevention, Pesticides,
and Toxic Substances
(7501C)
EPA730-K-95-001
September 1995
&EPA Citizen's Guide to Pest Control
and Pesticide Safety
1 » I L L L L l_
I L i I k. C
• L
RiifeJ
-------
Contents
Foreword 1
Introduction 2
Pests, Pest Control, and Pesticides 3
Pest Management 3
First Steps in Pest Management 4
Preventing Pests 6
Indoor Prevention 6
Outdoor Prevention 7
+ Gardening 7
+ Lawn Care 8
Using Non-Chemical Pest Controls 11
Biological Controls 11
Manual Methods 12
Using Chemical Pest Controls 13
Choosing the Right Pesticide Product 14
Reading the Pesticide Label 16
Determining the Correct Amount To Use 18
Using Pesticides Safely and Correctly 19
4- Before Using a Pesticide 19
+ When Mixing or Applying a Pesticide 19
Indoor Applications 20
Outdoor Applications 21
• After Applying a Pesticide 22
Storing and Disposing of Pesticides Properly 23
4- Safe Storage of Pesticides 23
4 Safe Disposal of Pesticides 24
Contents
-------
Reducing Your Exposure
When Others Use Pesticides 26
Exposure Through Food 26
+ Commercial Food 26
+ Home-Grown Food 27
• Food from the Wild 27
Exposure Through Water 28
Exposure Through Air 28
4- Outdoors 28
4- Indoors 29
Poisoned by Pesticides:
Don't Let This Happen to Your Child! 30
Handling a Pesticide Emergency 32
First Aid for Pesticide Poisoning 33
What To Do After First Aid 34
How To Recognize Pesticide Poisoning 35
Choosing a Pest Control Company 36
Reference Section 39
Calculating the Correct Amount of Pesticide
To Use for Your Target Area 39
For More Information 42
Addresses 44
• EPA Regional Offices 44
4- State Pesticide Agencies 45
Index 49
Contents
-------
Foreword
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged with
ensuring that pesticides do not pose unreasonable risks to the
public and to the environment. EPA regulates the use of pesticides
under the authority of two laws—the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Most all pesticides may legally be sold in
the United States if they have been "registered" by EPA and if they
bear an EPA registration number. Federal pesticide registration,
however, is only the first step in preventing pesticide risks. Just as
important are the steps that consumers take to control pests and use
pesticides safely. EPA hopes that this booklet will help you control
pests safely.
Foreword
-------
Introduction
' SOONER OR LATER, we're all pestered by pests. Whether
it's ants in the kitchen or weeds in the vegetable garden, pests can
be annoying and bothersome. At the same time, many of us are
concerned that the pesticides we use to control pests can cause
problems too. How can pests be controlled safely? When and how
should pesticides be used?
This booklet is intended to help answer these questions. The
questions have no single right answer, but Citizen's Guide to Pest
Control and Pesticide Safety gives the information you need to make
informed decisions. You should be able to control pests without
risking your family's health and without harming the environment.
The major goals of this booklet are to help you understand—
+ What steps to take to control pests in and around your home.
+ What alternatives to chemical pesticides are available, including
pest prevention and non-chemical pest controls.
Did you know that these common
household products are pesticides?
J Cockroach sprays and baits.
J Insect sprays and wasp repellents
for indoor use.
J Insect repellents for personal use.
J Termite control products.
J Rat and other rodent poisons.
J Flea and tick sprays, powders, and
pet collars.
J Kitchen, laundry, and bath disinfectants
and sanitizers, including bleach.
J Products to kill mold and mildew.
J Lawn and garden products such as
weed killers.
J Swimming pool chemicals, including those
that kill algae.
J Repellents that keep deer, raccoons, or
rabbits away from your garden.
How to choose pesticides and how to use, store,
and dispose of them safely.
How to reduce your exposure when others use
pesticides.
How to choose a pest control company.
What to do if someone is poisoned by a pesticide.
-------
Pests, Pest Control,
and Pesticides
J. LANTS, insects, mold, mildew, rodents, bacteria, and other
organisms are a natural part of the environment. They can benefit
people in many ways. But they can also be pests. Apartments and
houses are often hosts to common pests such as cockroaches, fleas,
termites, ants, mice, rats, mold, or mildew. Weeds, hornworms,
aphids, and grubs can be a nuisance outdoors when they get into
your lawn, flowers, yard, vegetable garden, or fruit and shade trees.
Pests can also be a health hazard to you, your family, and your pets.
It's easy to understand why you may need and want to control them.
Nowadays, you can choose from many different methods as you
plan your strategy for controlling pests. Sometimes a non-chemical
method of control is as effective and convenient as a chemical
alternative. For many pests, total elimination is almost impossible,
but it is possible to control them. Knowing your options is the key
to pest control. Methods available to you include pest prevention,
non-chemical pest controls, and chemical pesticides. Each of these
methods will be described in more detail in the next three sections of
this booklet (starting on pages 6,11, and 13).
Pest Management
The most effective strategy for controlling pests
may be to combine methods in an approach
known as integrated pest management
(IPM) that emphasizes preventing
pest damage. In IPM, information
about pests and available pest
control methods is used to manage
pest damage by the most economical
means and with the least possible
hazard to people, property, and the
environment. An example of using
the IPM approach for lawn care is
presented in the next section of this
booklet titled "Preventing Pests."
Some signs of pest infestation are unmistakable.
Pests, Pest Control, and Pesticides
-------
Knowing a range of pest control methods gives you the ability to
choose among them for an effective treatment. Knowing the options
also gives you the choice of limiting your exposure to potentially
harmful chemicals. No matter what option you choose, you should
follow these steps to control your pest problem:
First Steps in Pest Management
1 Identify the pest problem. This is the first and most important
step in pest control—figuring out exactly what you're up
against. Some pests (or signs of them) are unmistakable—most
people recognize a cockroach or a mouse. Other signs that
make you think "pest" can be misleading. For example, what
may look like a plant "disease" may be, in fact, a sign of poor soil
or lack of water.
Use free sources to help identify your pest and to learn the most
effective methods to control it. These sources include library
reference books (such as insect field guides or gardening books)
and pest specialists at your County Cooperative Extension
Service or local plant nurseries. These resources are usually
listed in the telephone book.
2 Decide how much pest control is necessary. Pest control is
not the same as pest elimination. Insisting on getting rid of all
pests inside and outside your home will lead you to make
more extensive, repeated, and possibly hazardous chemical
treatments than are necessary. Be reasonable. Ask yourself
these questions:
+ Does your lawn really need to be totally weed free?
+ Recognizing that some insects are beneficial to your lawn,
do you need to get rid of all of them?
+ Do you need every type of fruit, vegetable, or flower you
grow, or could you replace ones that are sensitive to pests
with hardier substitutes?
^ Can you tolerate some blemished fruits and vegetables
from your garden?
^ Is anyone in your home known to be particularly sensitive
to chemicals?
Pests, Pest Control, and Pesticides
-------
3 Choose an effective option. Use the information gathered in
Step 1, your answers to the questions in Step 2, and guidance in
the sections titled "Preventing Pests/' "Using Non-Chemical Pest
Controls/' and "Using Chemical Pest Controls" to determine
which option you want to choose. If you're still uncertain, get
further advice from the free sources listed in Step 1.
4 Evaluate the results. Once a pest control method has been
chosen and implemented, always allow time for it to work and
then evaluate its effectiveness by taking the following steps:
^ Compare pre-treatment and post-treatment conditions. Is
there evidence of a clear reduction in the number of pests?
+ Weigh the benefits of short-term chemical pesticide control
against the benefits of long-term control using a
variety of other treatments, including non-
chemical methods.
It's easier to prevent pests than to control them.
You may not need to worry about the four pest
control steps just mentioned IF you make the
effort to prevent pests in the first place. ~^
The first step in pest control is to
identify the pest.
Pests, Pest Control, and Pesticides
-------
Preventing Pests
Pests need water to survive. Fix
leaky pipes.
1 ESTS SEEK PLACES TO LIVE that satisfy basic needs for air,
moisture, food, and shelter. The best way to control pests is to try to
prevent them from entering your home or garden in the first place.
You can do this by removing the elements that they need to survive.
Take the following preventive actions:
Indoor Prevention
+ Remove water. All living things, including pests, need water for
survival. Fix leaky plumbing, and do not let water accumulate
anywhere in or around your home. For example, do not leave
any water in trays under your houseplants, under your
refrigerator, or in buckets overnight. Remove or dry out water-
damaged and wet materials. Even dampness or high humidity
can attract pests.
^ Remove food. Store your food in sealed
glass or plastic containers, and keep your
kitchen clean and free from cooking grease
and oil. Do not leave food in pet bowls on
the counter or floor for long periods of time.
Put food scraps or refuse in tightly covered,
animal-proof garbage cans, and empty your
garbage frequently.
Remove or block off indoor pest hiding places. Caulk cracks
and crevices to control pest access. Bathe pets regularly and
wash any mats or surfaces they lie on to control fleas. Avoid
storing newspapers, paper bags, and boxes for long
periods of time. Also, check for pests in packages or
boxes before carrying them into your home.
Block pest entryways. Install screens on all floor
drains, windows, and doors to discourage
crawling and flying pests from
entering your home. Make
sure any passageways
through the floor are blocked.
Place weatherstripping
on doors and windows.
Caulk and seal openings
in walls. Keep doors shut
when not in use.
Store food in sealed containers.
6 Preventing Pests
-------
Outdoor Prevention
+ Remove or destroy outdoor pest hiding places. Remove piles
of wood from under or around your home to avoid attracting
termites and carpenter ants. Destroy diseased plants, tree
prunings, and fallen fruit that may harbor pests. Rake fallen
leaves. Keep vegetation, shrubs, and wood mulch at least
18 inches away from your house.
^ Remove breeding sites. Clean up pet droppings
from your yard; they attract flies that can spread
bacteria. Do not accumulate litter or garbage;
it draws mice, rats, and other
rodents. Drain off or sweep away
standing puddles of water; water
is a breeding place for mosquitos
and other pests. Make sure drain
pipes and other water sources
drain away from your house.
^ Take proper care of all outdoor plants. These include flowers,
fruit and shade trees, vegetable and other plants, and your
lawn. Good plant health care reduces pest control needs—
healthy plants resist pests better than do weak plants. Plant at
the best time of year to promote healthy growth. Use mulch
to reduce weeds and maintain even soil temperature and
moisture. Water adequately. Native flowers, shrubs, and
trees often are good choices because they adapt well to local
conditions and require minimal care.
Gardening
+ Select healthy seeds and seedlings that are known to resist
diseases and are suited to the climate where you live. Strong
seeds are likely to produce mature plants with little need
for pesticides.
^ If your garden is large, alternate rows of different kinds of
plants. Pests that prefer one type of vegetable (carrots, for
example) may not spread to every one of your carrot plants if
other vegetables (not on the pests' diet) are planted in the
neighboring rows.
+ Don't plant the same crop in the same spot year after year.
That way your plants are not as vulnerable to pests that survive
the winter.
+ Make sure your garden plot has good drainage. Raised beds
will improve drainage, especially of clay soils. If a heavy clay
soil becomes compacted, it does not allow air and water to
get to the roots easily, and plants struggle to grow. To loosen
Remove breeding sites.
Clean up litter or garbage.
Preventing Pests 7
-------
Before planting, add organic matter to
enrich the soil mixture in your garden plot.
compacted soil and create air spaces so that water and nutrients
can reach the roots, buy or rent a tiller that breaks up the dirt
and turns it over. Before planting, add sand and
organic matter to enrich the soil mixture in your
garden plot. Also, have the soil tested periodically
to see whether you need to add more organic
matter or adjust the pH (acidity/alkalinity)
balance by adding lime or sulfur. Your
County Cooperative Extension Service, listed
in the telephone book, or local nursery should
be able to tell you how to do this.
+ Mulch your garden with leaves, hay,
grass clippings, shredded/chipped bark,
or seaweed. Do not use newspapers to
keep down weeds or to fertilize plants.
Newsprint may contain toxic metals such
as lead and mercury.
Lawn Care
Tending a garden may not be your hobby; but if you rent or own a
home, you might need to care for the lawn. You don't have to be an
expert to grow a healthy lawn—the key is to work with nature. You
need to create the right conditions for your grass to grow strong and
stay healthy. A healthy lawn can resist damage from weeds, disease,
and insect pests. Set realistic weed and pest control goals for your lawn.
Think of lawn care as a preventive health care program, like one
you would follow to stay healthy yourself. The goal is to prevent
problems from ever occurring.
Pesticides can be effective, but should not be relied on as the
quick-fix solution to any lawn problem. Serious, ongoing pest
problems are often a sign that your lawn is not getting what it needs
to stay healthy. Pests may be a symptom of an underlying problem.
You need to correct the underlying problem to reduce the chances of
pests reappearing.
Preventing Pests
-------
Make these six steps part of a preventive health care program
for your lawn:
1
Develop healthy soil that has the right pH balance, key
nutrients, and good texture. You can buy easy-to-use soil
analysis kits at hardware stores or contact your local County
Cooperative Extension Service for a soil analysis.
Choose a type of grass that grows well in your climate. For
instance, if your area gets very little rain, don't plant a type of
grass that needs a lot of water. Your local County Cooperative
Extension Service can advise you on which grasses grow best
in your area.
Mow high, mow often, and make sure the lawn mower blades
are sharp. Grass that is slightly long makes a strong, healthy
lawn with few pest problems. Weeds have a hard time taking
root and growing when grass is fairly long (around 2l/2 to 3/4
inches for most types of grass). A foot-high meadow isn't
necessary; just adding an inch to the length of your grass will
give most lawns a real boost.
Water deeply but not too often. The best rule is to water only
when the lawn begins to wilt from dryness—when the color
dulls and footprints stay in the grass for more than a few
seconds. Avoid watering during the hottest part of the day
because the water will evaporate too quickly.
Correct thatch buildup. Thatch is a layer of dead plant
material between the grass blades and the soil. When
thatch gets too thick (deeper than % of an inch), it prevents
water and nutrients from getting into the soil and reaching
the roots of the grass. Overusing synthetic fertilizer can
create a heavy layer of thatch, and some kinds of grass are
prone to thatch buildup.
Get rid of excess thatch by raking the
lawn or using a dethatching rake.
Preventing Pests
-------
In a healthy lawn, earthworms, spiders, millipedes, and a variety
of microorganisms help keep the thatch layer in balance by
breaking it up and using it for food, which releases nutrients into
the soil. You can get rid of excess thatch by raking the lawn
using a dethatching rake or by using a machine that pulls plugs
out of the grass and thatch layer to break it up. Sprinkle a thin
layer of topsoil or compost over the lawn after dethatching or
aerating it to speed up the process of decomposition.
6 Set realistic weed and pest control goals. It is almost impossible
to get rid of all weeds and pests. However, even a lawn that
is 15 percent weeds can look almost weed-free to the casual
observer. A healthy lawn will probably always have some
weeds and some insect pests. But a healthy lawn will also have
beneficial insects and other organisms like earthworms that keep
pests under control. Improper use of pesticides can kill these
beneficial organisms.
By following this preventive health care program for your lawn, you
should be able to rely very little, if at all, on chemical pesticides for
weed and insect pest control. For additional information, refer to
EPA's booklet Healthy Lawn, Healthy Environment. (See page 42 in the
Reference Section.)
If you use the preventive techniques just
described, you reduce the chance of
pests ever getting into your home or
garden in the first place.
10 Preventing Pests
-------
Using Non-Chemical
Pest Controls
v
JLOU'VE GOT PESTS, and you want to control them with a
v dependable pest control method that does not contain chemical
pesticides. Non-chemical pest control methods really work, and
they have many advantages. Compared to chemical treatments,
non-chemical methods are generally effective for longer periods of
time. They are less likely to create hardy pest populations that
develop the ability to resist pesticides. And many non-chemical
pest controls can be used with fewer safeguards, because they are
generally thought to pose virtually no hazards to human health or
the environment. Two examples of non-chemical pest control
methods are biological and manual treatments.
Biological Controls
Did you know that pests themselves may be eaten or otherwise
controlled by birds, insects, or other living organisms? You can
use a pest's natural enemies (predators) to your advantage. These
"biological controls," as they are called, take many forms:
+ Beneficial predators such as purple martins and other birds
eat insects; bats can eat thousands of insects in one night; lady
beetles (ladybugs) and their larvae eat aphids, mealybugs,
whiteflies, and mites. Other beneficial bugs include spiders,
centipedes, ground beetles, lacewings, dragonflies, big-eyed
bugs, and ants. You can install a purple martin house in your
yard. You can also buy and release predatory insects. They are
available from sources such as gardening catalogs and magazines.
Contact your County Cooperative Extension Service, a nursery,
or a garden association for information on how to attract and
protect beneficial predators.
^ Parasitoids such as miniature wasps lay their eggs inside the
eggs or bodies of insect pests such as tomato hornworms. Once
the eggs hatch, the offspring kill their insect hosts, making
parasitoids highly effective pest controllers.
MINI-WASP
Beneficial Predators
PURPLE MARTIN
SPIDER
LADYBUG
CENTIPEDE
Using Non-Chemical Pest Controls
-------
Pheromone traps lure pests.
^ Microscopic pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses
control pests. An example is milky spore disease, which
attacks Japanese beetles. A number of these biological
pesticides are available commercially at hardware and
garden stores. (See page 43 in the Reference Section for
more information.)
^ Biochemical pesticides include pheromones and juvenile
insect hormones. Pheromones are chemical substances
released by various organisms (including insects) as means
of communicating with others of the same species, usually
as an aid to mating. Pheromones lure pests inside a trap.
Juvenile insect hormones interfere with an insect's normal
growth and reproductive functions by mimicking the effects
of compounds that occur naturally in the pest.
Manual Methods
^ Spading and hoeing to cut up weeds.
+ Hand-picking weeds from your lawn and pests from
your plants, indoors or out.
^ Using a flyswatter.
+ Setting traps to control rats, mice, and some insects.
^ Mulching to reduce weed growth.
One or a combination of several non-chemical treatments may
be just what you need for your pest problem. You must be patient
because results may not be immediate. And, you must work to
prevent pests from entering your home or garden in the first place.
12
Using Non-Chemical Pest Controls
-------
Using Chemical
Pest Controls
: YOU DECIDE that the best solution to your pest problem is
chemical—by itself or, preferably, combined with non-chemical
treatments—be aware that one of the greatest causes of pesticide
exposure to humans is the use of pesticides in and around the home.
Anyone can buy a wide variety of "off the shelf" pesticide products
to control weeds, unwanted insects, and other pests. No special
training is required to use these pesticides. Yet many of the products
can be hazardous to people, especially when stored, handled, applied,
or disposed of improperly. The results achieved by using chemical
pesticides are generally temporary, and repeated treatments may
be required. Over time, some pests become pesticide-resistant,
meaning they adapt to the chemical and are no longer harmed by
it. This forces you to choose another product or method. If used
incorrectly, home-use pesticide products can be poisonous
to humans. As a result, it is extremely important for
you to take responsibility for making sure that these
products are used properly. The basic steps in
reducing pesticide risks are—
^ Choosing the right pesticide product.
^ Reading the product label.
^ Determining the right amount to purchase
and use.
^ Using the product safely and correctly.
^ Storing and disposing of pesticides properly.
Each of these steps is described in more detail in
the sections that follow.
Choosing the right product is a basic step in
reducing pesticide risks.
Using Chemical Pest Controls I 3
-------
Choosing the Right Pesticide Product
Once you decide to use chemical pesticides, you must decide whether
to do the job yourself or hire a professional pest control service. If
you are interested in hiring professionals, see pages 36-38 for advice.
If you choose to tackle the job yourself, the next question is the most
important. Which pesticide product is the best one for your situation?
Home-use pesticides come in many forms—including solutions,
aerosols, dusts, granules, baits, and wettable powders. As the name
implies, wettable powders are usually mixed with water and/or
other liquids and then applied. Pesticide solutions are often diluted
with water. Certain formulations work better for some pests and/or
some target areas than others. Many pesticides also come in ready-
to-use forms, such as aerosols and spray bottles, which are often
more practical and easy to use because they don't require measuring
or mixing.
Before you buy a product, read the label! Compare product labels,
and learn as much as you can about the pesticide. Contact your
County Cooperative Extension Service (listed in the telephone book),
local pesticide dealers, the National Pesticide Telecommunications
Network (NPTN) at 1-800-858-7378, or your state pesticide agency
for assistance. (See pages 45-48 in the Reference Section for
state contacts.)
Read the label before you
buy or use a pesticide product.
14 Using Chemical Pest Controls
-------
When you are ready to buy a pesticide product, follow these
recommendations:
+ First, be certain that you have identified the problem correctly.
Then, choose the least toxic pesticide that will achieve
the results you want and be the least toxic to you and the
environment.
+ When the words "broad-spectrum" appear on the label,
this means the product is effective against a broad range of
pests. If the label says "selective," the product is effective
against one or a few pests.
^ Find the signal word—either Danger-Poison, Danger, —
Warning, or Caution on the pesticide label. The signal
word tells you how poisonous the product is to humans.
(See page 16.)
Pesticide products labeled Danger-Poison are "Restricted Use"
and are mainly used under the supervision of a certified
applicator. For the most part, these products should not be
available for sale to the consumer.
^ Choose the form of pesticide (aerosol, dust, bait, or other)
best suited to your target site and the pest you want to control.
Choose the form of pesticide best
suited to your target site and the
pest you want to control.
DANGER-POISON means highly poisonous.
DANGER means poisonous or corrosive.
WARNING means moderately hazardous.
CAUTION means least hazardous.
Using Chemical Pest Controls I 5
-------
Reading the Pesticide Label
The pesticide label is your best guide to using pesticides safely and
effectively. The directions on the label are there primarily to help
you achieve "maximum" benefits—the pest control that you desire—
with "minimum" risk. Both depend on following label directions
and correctly using the pesticide. Read the label. Read the label
before buying the pesticide. Read the label before mixing or using the
pesticide each time, and read the label before storing or disposing of
the pesticide. Do not trust your memory. You may have forgotten
part of the label instructions or they may have changed. Use of any
pesticide in any way that is not consistent with label directions and
precautions is illegal. It may also be ineffective and, even worse,
dangerous.
The main sections of a pesticide label are described below:
1
iNSEClSPRAY
Kills
EPA Registration Number. This number tells you that EPA
has reviewed the product and determined that it can be used
with minimal or low risk if you follow the directions on the label
properly. The number is not a stamp of approval or guarantee
of effectiveness.
2 Ingredients Statement or Active Ingredients. Active ingredients
are the chemicals in the pesticide that kill or control the target pest(s).
3 Signal Words. The signal words—Caution, Warning, or Danger—
indicate the pesticide's potential for making you sick. The word
CAUTION appears on pesticides that are the least
harmful to you. A pesticide with the word
WARNING is more poisonous than those with
a Caution label. Pesticides with the word DANGER
on the label are very poisonous or irritating. They
should be used with extreme care because they
can severely burn your skin and eyes.
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS:
INERT INGREDIENTS: .
Keep out of reach of children.
CAUTION 3
See back panel for additional
precautionary statements.
EPA Reg. NoXXX-00-YYY
16 FI.Oz. (1 PI.) 473 ml
Main sections on front label.
16 Using Chemical Pest Controls
-------
Precautionary Statements. This part describes the protective
clothing, such as gloves or goggles, that you should wear when
using the pesticide. The section also tells you how to protect
children or pets by keeping them away from areas treated
with pesticides.
Environmental Hazards. This section tells you if the product
can cause environmental damage—if it's harmful to wildlife,
fish, endangered plants or animals, wetlands, or water.
Directions for Use. Make sure that the product is labeled
for use against the pest(s) that you are trying to control.
(For example, products labeled only for
termites should not be used to control fleas.)
Use only the amounts recommended, and
follow the directions exactly.
8
First Aid Instructions. The label tells you
what to do if someone is accidentally
poisoned by the pesticide. Look for this
information in the Statement of Practical
Treatment section. The instructions are only
first aid. ALWAYS call a doctor or your local
poison control center. You may have to take
the person to a hospital right away after
giving first aid. Remember to take the
pesticide label or container with you.
Storage and Disposal. Read carefully and
follow all directions for safe storage and
disposal of pesticide products. Always keep
products in the original container and out
of reach of children, in a locked cabinet or
locked garden shed.
Some pesticides have small foldout booklets
containing the label information.
INSECTSPRAY
InsectSpray contains —
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAKRDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS—CAUTION: Harmful if
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT (First Aid):
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: -
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL HAZARDS: Keep away from —
DIRECTIONS FOR USE: It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling. — f?
FOR USE ON:-
KILLS:
EPA Reg, No XXX-00-YYY
Distributed by INSECTSPRAY, INC.
Main sections on back label.
Using Chemical Pest Controls 17
-------
J J J J J
J J J J J
Determining the Correct Amount To Use
Many products can be bought in a convenient ready-to-use form,
such as in spray cans or spray bottles, that won't require any mixing.
However, if you buy a product that has to be measured out or mixed
with water, prepare only the amount of pesticide that you need for
the area where you plan to use the pesticide (target area). The label
on a pesticide product contains much useful information, but there
isn't always room to include examples of different dilutions for every
home use. Thus, it is important to know how to measure volume
and figure out the exact size of the area where you want to apply the
pesticide. Determining the correct amount for your immediate use
requires some careful calculations. Use the following example as an
illustration of how to prepare only the amount of pesticide needed
for your immediate pest control problem.
An example: The product label says, "For the control of
aphids on tomatoes, mix 8 fluid ounces of pesticide into
1 gallon of water and spray until foliage is wet." You have
only 6 tomato plants. From experience, you know that
1 gallon is too much, and that you really need only 1 quart
of water to wet the leaves on these 6 plants. A quart is only
14 of a gallon. Because you want to use less water than
the label says, you need less pesticide. You need only
/4 of the pesticide amount listed on the label—only
2 fluid ounces. This makes the same strength spray
recommended by the label, and is the appropriate
amount for the 6 tomato plants.
In short, all you need to do is figure the amount of
pesticide you need for the size of your target area,
using good measurements and careful arithmetic. For
help in making these calculations, see pages 39-41 in
the Reference Section.
When using pesticides that must
be mixed, determine the correct
amount for your immediate use.
Caution: When you use cups, teaspoons, or tablespoons
to measure pesticides, use only level measures or level
spoonfuls. NEVER use the same tools that you use for
measuring pesticides—spoons, cups, bottles—to prepare
food, even if you've washed them.
18
Using Chemical Pest Controls
-------
Using Pesticides Safely and Correctly
Once you have read the pesticide label and are familiar with
all precautions, including first aid instructions, follow these
recommendations to reduce your risks:
Before Using a Pesticide
^ Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires:
for example, long-sleeved shirts, long pants, overalls, non-
absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not
canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no
specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long
pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy
protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or
building supply stores.
When Mixing or Applying a Pesticide
^ Never smoke or eat while mixing or applying pesticides. You
could easily carry traces of the pesticide from your hands to
your mouth. Also, some pesticide products are flammable.
+ Follow the use directions on the label carefully. Use only for the
purpose listed. Use only the amount directed, at the time and
under the conditions specified. Don't change the recommended
amount. Don't think that twice the amount will do twice the job.
It won't. You could harm yourself, others, or whatever you are
trying to protect.
^ If the directions on the label tell you to mix or dilute the
pesticide, do so outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Use
the amount listed on the label and measure the pesticide
carefully. (Never use the same measuring cups or spoons that
you use in the kitchen.) Mix only the amount that
you need for each application. Do not prepare
larger amounts to store for possible future
use. (See "Determining the Correct Amount To Use"
on page 18.)
When using a pesticide—
/ Read and follow the label directions.
J Wear protective clothing.
J Don't smoke or eat.
J Mix and apply only the amount
you need.
Using Pesticides Safely and Correctly 19
-------
Mix pesticides outdoors
or in a well-ventilated area.
Keep children, pets (including birds and fish), and toys
(including pet toys) away from areas where you mix and
apply pesticides for at least the length of time required
on the label.
Never transfer pesticides to other containers, such as
empty soft drink or milk bottles. Keep pesticides in
their original containers—ones that clearly identify
the contents. Refasten all childproof caps tightly.
If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't
wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with
sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it
into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as
directed on the pesticide product label.
+ Indoors or outdoors, never put bait for insects
or rats, mice, and other rodents where small
children or pets can reach it. When using
traps, make sure the animal inside is dead
before you touch or open the trap.
Indoor Applications
+ Use pesticides indoors only when absolutely necessary, and use
only very limited amounts.
^ Provide adequate ventilation. If the label directions permit,
leave all windows open and fans operating after the application
is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an
unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put
all pets outdoors, and take yourself and your family away
from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed
on the label.
^ Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks;
don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings.
^ Remove food, pots and pans, and dishes before treating kitchen
cabinets. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used
for food preparation. Wait until shelves dry before refilling
them. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residues
before placing food on them.
20 Using Pesticides Safely and Correctly
-------
Outdoor Applications
+ Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher
than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not
blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.
+ Before spraying, close the doors and windows of your home.
+ Use coarse droplet nozzles on your sprayer to reduce misting,
and spray as close to the target as possible.
+ Keep pesticides away from plants and wildlife you do not
want to treat. Do not apply any pesticide to blooming plants,
especially if you see honeybees or other pollinating insects
around them. Do not spray bird nests when treating trees.
^ Follow label directions carefully to ensure that you don't apply
too much pesticide to your lawn, shrubs, or garden. Never
water your lawn after applying pesticides. Before using a
pesticide outdoors, check the label or contact your EPA Regional
Office or County Cooperative Extension Service
to find out whether the pesticide is known or
suspected to run off or seep into ground water.
Ground water is the underground reservoir that
supplies water to wells, springs, creeks, and the
like. Excessive application of pesticides could
cause the pesticide to run off or seep into water
supplies and contaminate them. Excess spray
may also leave harmful residues on your home-
grown fruit and vegetables, and could affect
other plants, wildlife, and fish.
+ Never mix or apply a pesticide near a wellhead.
^ If you have a well, be sure it extends downward
to water sources that are below, and isolated
from, surface water sources. Be sure the well
shaft is tightly sealed. For further information,
see EPA's brochure Pesticides in Drinking Water
Wells. (See page 42 for information on how to
order a copy from EPAs Public Information Center.)
^ When using total release foggers to control pests, the most
important precautions you can take are to use no more than
the amount needed and to keep foggers away from ignition
sources (ovens, stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, and
water heaters, for example). Foggers should not be used in
small, enclosed places such as closets and cabinets or under
tables and counters.
Keep children and pets away from
areas where you apply pesticides.
Using Pesticides Safely and Correctly 21
-------
After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors
+ To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or
equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that
you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater
into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it
according to the pesticide product label directions. (See pages
24-25 for safe disposal guidelines.)
^ Always wash your hands after applying any pesticide. Wash
any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with
the pesticide. To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or
rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any
clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately
from your regular wash.
^ Evaluate the results of your pesticide use. Consider using a
different chemical, a non-chemical method, or a combination
of non-chemical and chemical methods if the chemical
treatment didn't work. Again, do not assume that using
more pesticide than the label recommends
will do a better job. It won't.
Watch for negative effects on
wildlife (birds, butterflies, and
bees) in and near treated areas.
If you see any unusual behavior,
stop using that pesticide, and
contact EPA's Pesticide Incident
Response Officer (see page 35).
Wash clothing worn when using pesticides
separately from other laundry.
22 Using Pesticides Safely and Correctly
-------
Storing and Disposing of Pesticides Properly
Improper pesticide storage and disposal can be hazardous to human
health and the environment. Follow these safety recommendations:
Safe Storage of Pesticides
+ Don't stockpile. Reduce storage needs by buying only the
amount of pesticide that you will need in the near future or
during the current season when the pest is active.
Follow all storage instructions on the pesticide label.
Store pesticides high enough so that they are out of reach
of children and pets. Keep all pesticides in a locked cabinet
in a well-ventilated utility area or garden shed. — —
Store flammable liquids outside your living area and far away
from an ignition source such as a furnace, a car, an outdoor grill,
or a power lawn mower.
Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed,
or medical supplies.
Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete
with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid
steps in case of accidental poisoning.
Never transfer pesticides to soft drink bottles or other containers.
Children or others may mistake them for something to eat
or drink.
Use child-resistant packaging correctly—close the container
tightly after using the product. Child resistant does not mean
child proof, so you still must be extra careful to store properly—
out of children's reach—those products that are sold in child-
resistant packaging.
Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in
places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground
water, or surface water.
If you can't identify the contents of the container, or
if you can't tell how old the contents are, follow the
advice on safe disposal in the next section.
Store pesticides in a locked
cabinet out of reach of
children and pets.
Never transfer pesticides to soft
drink bottles or other containers
that children or others may
mistake for something to eat
or drink.
Storing and Disposing of Pesticides Properly 23
-------
Safe Disposal of Pesticides
+ The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is
to use them—apply them—according to the directions on the
label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they
have a similar pest control problem and can use them.
^ If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used,
check with your local solid waste management authority,
environmental agency, or health department to find out whether
your community has a household hazardous waste collection
program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted,
leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of
any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.
^ State and local laws regarding pesticide disposal may be
stricter than the Federal requirements on the label. Be sure
to check with your state or local agencies before disposing of
your pesticide containers.
Do not pour leftover pesticides
down the sink, into the toilet, or
down a sewer or street drain.
^ If no community program or guidance exists, follow
the label directions for disposal. In general, to dispose
of less than a full container of a liquid pesticide, leave
it in the original container with the cap tightly in place
to prevent spills or leaks. Wrap the container in
"*""" several layers of newspaper and tie it securely. Put
the package in a covered trash can for routine collection with
municipal trash. If you do not have a regular trash collection
service, take the package to a permitted landfill (unless your
town has other requirements).
Note: No more than 1 gallon of liquid pesticide at a time should
be thrown out with the regular trash in this manner.
Wrap individual packages of dry pesticides in several layers of
newspaper (or place the pesticides in a tight carton or bag), and
tape or tie the package closed. Put the package in a covered
trash can for routine collection.
Note: No more than 5 pounds of dry pesticide at a time should
be thrown out with the regular trash in this manner.
24 Storing and Disposing of Pesticides Properly
-------
Do not pour leftover pesticides down the sink, into the toilet,
or down a sewer or street drain. Pesticides may interfere with
the operation of wastewater treatment systems or pollute
waterways. Many municipal systems are not equipped to
remove all pesticide residues. If pesticides reach waterways,
they may harm fish, plants, and other living things.
An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one
because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container.
When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully
three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back into the
sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide.
Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions.
Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container
according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a
pressurized container like an aerosol—it could explode. Do cut
or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or
plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty
container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.
Many communities have programs to recycle household waste
such as empty bottles and cans. Do not recycle any pesticide
containers, however, unless the label specifically states that the
empty container may be recycled after cleaning.
Follow the label directions for disposal.
Storing and Disposing of Pesticides Properly 25
-------
Reducing Your Exposure
When Others Use Pesticides
IF YOU NEVER USE PESTICIDES YOURSELF, you
can still be exposed to them—at home, school, work, or play—by
being in treated areas, as a consumer of commodities that others
have treated with pesticides, or through food, water, and air that
may have beencontaminated with pesticides.
This section describes sources of exposure other than your own use
of pesticides. It also suggests ways to reduce your overall exposure.
If you know or suspect that you, or others close to you, are sensitive
to chemicals, consult an expert who can help you develop a strategy
for handling your potential exposure problems.
Exposure Through Food
Commercial Food
To ensure a safe food supply, EPA regulates the safety of food by
setting safety standards to limit the amount of pesticide residues that
legally may remain in or on food or animal feed that is sold in the
United States. Both domestic and imported foods are monitored by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA) to ensure compliance with these safety
standards.
Because most crops are treated with pesticides at least some of the
time, foods you buy at the grocery store may contain small traces
of pesticide residues. Pesticide levels tend to decline over time
because the residues break down and because crops are usually
washed and processed before reaching the marketplace. So, while
we all consume small amounts of pesticides regularly, levels in our
food generally are well below legal limits by the time the food
reaches the grocery shelves.
Although EPA sets safety standards for the amount of pesticide
residues allowed both in and on foods, you can take extra pre-
cautions to reduce the traces of pesticide residues you and your
family consume in the food you buy. Follow these suggestions:
^ Trim the fat from meat and poultry because residues of some
pesticides concentrate in fat. Remove the skin from fish.
^ Discard the fats and oils in broths and pan drippings.
26 Reducing Your Exposure When Others Use Pesticides
-------
^ Rinse fruits and vegetables thoroughly with water. Scrub
them with a brush and peel them, if possible. Taking
these safety steps will remove most of the existing
surface residues, along with any remaining dirt.
Note that surface cleaning (rinsing and scrubbing)
will not remove pesticide residues that are
absorbed into the growing fruit or vegetable
before harvest.
^ Cook or bake foods to reduce residues of
some pesticides even further.
Home-Grown Food
Growing your own food can be an enjoyable
activity. It is also a way to reduce your exposure to
pesticide residues in food—especially if you decide
not to use chemical pesticides on your produce and
you choose a garden site where drift or runoff from a
neighbor's use of pesticides will not result inunintended
residues on your food. Ifyour house is regularly treated for
pest prevention, don't plant your garden where the treatments
are applied.
Food from the Wild
While it may seem that hunting your own game, catching your
own fish, or gathering wild plant foods would reduce your overall
exposure to pesticides, that isn't necessarily true. If you eat wild
animals or plants from areas where pesticides are frequently used,
this food may contain pesticide residues. In addition, birds such as
ducks and geese may absorb pesticide residues if they have stopped
to eat treated crops anywhere along their flight path.
If you eat food from the wild, you may want to take the following steps
to reduce your exposure to pesticides:
^ Do not fish in water bodies where contamination has occurred.
Pay attention to posted signs that warn of contamination.
^ Consult with fish and game officials or other appropriate official:
where you plan to hunt or fish to determine whether there are
any chemical problems associated with the area.
^ Do not pick wild plants that are growing right next to a road,
utility right-of-way, or hedgerow between farm fields. These
areas may have been treated with pesticides.
^ When preparing wild foods, trim fat from the meat. Discard the
skin from fish.
Rinse fruits and vegetables with water.
Scrub them with a brush and peel them,
if possible.
Reducing Your Exposure When Others Use Pesticides 27
-------
Do not fish in water bodies where
contamination has occurred.
EPA sets standards for chemicals that
may be found in drinking water.
Exposure Through Water
When pesticides are applied to land, a certain amount may run off
into streams and rivers. This runoff, together with industrial waste,
may result in low-level contamination of surface water. In certain
settings—for example, when sandy soil lies over a ground-water
source that is near the surface—pesticides can seep down through
the soil to the ground water.
To ensure a safe supply of drinking water, EPA's Office of Water sets
standards for pesticides and other chemicals that may be found in
drinking water. Municipal water systems test their water periodically
and provide treatment or alternate supply sources if residue
problems occur. Generally, private wells are not tested unless the
well owner requests an analysis. If you get your drinking water
from a private well—
^ Contact your state or local health department if you have any
questions about pesticide or other chemical residues in your
well water.
^ If your well water is analyzed and found to contain pesticide
residue levels above established or recommended health
standards, use an alternate water source such as bottled water
for drinking and cooking. The safest choice is distilled spring
water in glass bottles. If you buy water from a local bottler, ask
for the results of any recent pesticide analysis dhe bottled water.
Exposure Through Air
Outdoors
Air currents may carrjpesticides that were applied on properties
nearby. You can reduce your exposure outdoors to airborne pesticide
residues, or drift, by following these recommendations:
^ If a close neighbor or someone else is applying pesticides
outdoors near your home, you may want to stay indoors
with your children and pets. Keep windows and exterior
doors closed.
^ If you live near fields, parks, or other areas that receive
regular pesticide treatment, consider planting a group of hardy,
thick-branched trees or shrubs to help serve as a buffer zone
and windbreak.
28
Reducing Your Exposure When Others Use Pesticides
-------
^ Careless application can lead to drift or direct spraying of non-
target sites. If your property is accidentally sprayed during an
aerial pesticide application, you should call your local, state,
or regional pesticide office. (See pages 44-48 in the Reference
Section for phone numbers.) If you or someone in your family is
accidentally sprayed, wash pesticide off immediately and change
into clean clothes. Then call your local poison control center.
Some local governments require public notidtefore area-wide
or broad-scale pesticide spraying activities take place. Affected
residents are notified through newspaper announcements, fliers,
letters, or signs posted in areas to be treated. Some communities
have also enacted "right-to-know" ordinances that require public
notice (usually through posting) of lawn treatments and other
small-scale outdoor pesticide uses.
Indoors
The air you breathe may contain low levels of pesticide residues
long after a pesticide has been applied to objects inside a building
or to indoor surfaces and crawl spaces, or after it has been tracked
in from outside. Pesticides break down and disappear more slowly
indoors than outdoors. In addition, many homes have built-in
energy efficiency features that reduce the exchange of indoor and
outdoor air and thus aggravate the problem. To limit your exposure
to indoor pesticide residues —
Air out the building adequately after a pesticide is applied
indoors. Open doors and windows, and run overhead,
whole-house, or window fans to exchange indoor air for
outdoor air rapidly and completely.
If you suspect that the air in your building is contaminated,
consult knowledgeable professionals in your local or state
health department or EPAs pesticide hotline (1-800-858-7378),
6:30 a.m.- 4:30 p.m. Pacific time (9:30 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Eastern
time) Monday-Friday, for advice on the apropriate steps to take
Air out the building adequately after
a pesticide is applied indoors.
Reducing Your Exposure When Others Use Pesticides 29
-------
Poisoned by Pesticides:
Don't Let This Happen
to Your Child!
A 5-year-old boy drinks from a bottle of bleach that he
found under the bathroom sink.
A 3-year-old girl tries to spray her hair the way
mommy does, but sprays an aerosol disinfectant
in her eyes instead.
A baby who has just begun to crawl eats green
pebbles from behind the sofa. They look like
candy, but are really rat poison.
Where do you store your pesticides?
A 1992 nationwide study conducted
by EPA revealed that almost half
(approximately 47 percent) of surveyed
households with children under the age
of 5 had at least one pesticide stored
within their reach.
These accidents could happen to your children or
to children visiting your home if you don't store
pesticides out of their reach or if you don't read the
label carefully before using the pesticide product.
The dangers are real. In 1993 alone, an estimated
80,000 children were exposed to or poisoned by
a household pesticide product that was used or
stored incorrectly.
Whether or not you have young children in your home, take the
following precautions to protectll children from unintentional
pesticide poisonings or exposures:
^ Always store pesticides out of children's reach, in hocked
cabinet or garden shed. Installing child-proof safety latches
or padlocks on cupboards and cabinets is a good idea. Safety
latches are available at your local hardware store or building
supply warehouse.
^ Before applying pesticides—indoors or outdoors—remove
children and their toys, along with any pets and their toys,
from the area. Keep them away from the area that has been
treated until the pesticide has dried and for at least the length
of time recommended on the pesticide label.
^ If you are interrupted while applying a pesticide—by a phone
call, for example—be sure to close the pesticide container
properly and put it out of reach of any child who may come
into the area while you are gone.
30
Poisoned by Pesticides: Don't Let This Happen to Your Child!
-------
Never remove labels from containers, and never transfer
pesticides to other containers. Children may mistake them for
food or drink.
Never put rodent or insect baits where small children can find
them, pick them up, and put them in their mouths.
Make sure you close any container marked "child resistant" very
tightly after you use the product. Check periodically to make
sure the product is securely closed. Child resistant does not
mean child proof, so you should still be careful with products
that are sold in child-resistant packaging.
Make sure others—especially babysitters, grandparents,
and other caregivers—know about the potential hazards
of pesticides.
Teach children thaf pesticides are poisons"—something they
should never touch or eat.
Keep the telephone number of youmearest
poison control center near each phone. Have
the pesticide container handy when you call.
Always keep Syrup of Ipecac on hand (in your
medicine cabinet) to use to induce vomiting.
(Be sure the date is current.) But do not give
it to your child until a physician or poison
control center advises you to do so. The
pesticide label may not recommend using
Syrup of Ipecac.
Store pesticides out of children's reach.
Poisoned by Pesticides: Don't Let This Happen to Your Child! 3 I
-------
Handling a Pesticide
Emergency
'Help! Someone's Been Poisoned!"
What To Do in a Pesticide Emergency
If the person is unconscious,
having trouble breathing,
or having convulsions .. .
ACT FAST! Speed is crucial.
Give needed first aid immediately.
Call 911 or your local emergency
service. If possible, have some-
one else call for emergency help
while you give first aid.
If the person is awake or conscious,
not having trouble breathing, and
not having convulsions .. .
Read the label for first aid
instructions.
Call a doctor, a poison control
center, a local emergency service
(911), or the National Pesticide
Telecommunications Network
(toll free at 1-800-858-7378).
Give first aid.
32 Handling a Pesticide Emergency
-------
First Aid for Pesticide Poisoning
When you realize a pesticide poisoning has occurred or is occurring,
try to determine what the victim was exposed to and what part of
the body was affected before you take action—taking the right
action is as important as taking immediate action. If the person is
unconscious, having trouble breathing, or having convulsions, ACT
FAST! Speed is crucial. Give needed first aid immediately. Call 911
or your local emergency service. If possible, have someone else call
for emergency help while you give first aid. If the person is awake or
conscious, not having trouble breathing, and not having convulsions,
read the label for first aid instructions. Call a doctor, a poison control
center, a local emergency service (911), or the National Pesticide Tele-
communications Network (toll free at 1-800-858-7378). Give first aid.
Read the Statement of Practical Treatment section on the product
label. The appropriate first aid treatment depends on the kind of
poisoning that has occurred. Follow these general guidelines:
^ Swallowed poison. A conscious victim should drink a small
amount of water to dilute the pesticide. Always keep Syrup
of Ipecac on hand (in your medicine cabinet) to use to induce
vomiting. Be sure the date on the bottle is current. Induce
vomiting only if a poison control center or physician advises
you to do so, or if instructions on the pesticide label say so.
If there is no label available to guide you, do not induce
vomiting. Never induce vomiting if the victim is unconscious
or is having convulsions.
^ Poison on skin. Drench skin with water for at least
15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. Wash
skin and hair thoroughly with soap and water.
Dry victim and wrap in blanket. Later,
discard contaminated clothing or
thoroughly wash it separately
from other laundry.
^ Chemical burn on skin.
Drench skin with water for
at least 15 minutes. Remove
contaminated clothing. Cover
burned area immediately with
loose, clean, soft cloth. Do
not apply ointments, greases,
powders, or other drugs. Later,
discard contaminated clothing
or thoroughly wash it separately
from other laundry.
If a poisoning has occurred, call for help, and be ready to read
information from the pesticide label.
Handling a Pesticide Emergency
33
-------
^ Poison in eye. Hold eyelid open and wash eye quickly and
gently with clean cool running water from the tap or a hose
for 15 minutes or more. Use only water; do not use eye drops,
chemicals, or drugs in the eye. Eye membranes absorb pesticides
faster than any other external part of the body, and eye damage
can occur in a few minutes with some types of pesticides.
^ Inhaled poison. If the victim is outside, move or carry the
victim away from the area where pesticides were recently
applied. If the victim is inside, carry or move the victim to
fresh air immediately. If you think you need protection like a
respirator before helping the victim, call the Fire Department
and wait for emergency equipment before entering the area.
Loosen the victim's tight clothing. If the victim's skin is blue
or the victim has stopped breathing, give artificial respiration
(if you know how) and call 911 for help. Open doors and
windows so no one else will be poisoned by fumes.
What To Do After First Aid
^ First aid may precede but should not replace professional
medical treatment. After giving first aid, call 911 or your local
emergency service immediately. Have the pesticide label at hand
when you call.
^ Take the pesticide product container with its label to the
doctor's office or emergency room where the victim will be
treated. Carry the container in your trunk or flatbed away from
the passengers in your vehicle. The doctor needs to know what
active ingredient is in the pesticide before prescribing treatment.
This information is on the label, which sometimes also includes
a telephone number to call for additional treatment information.
National Pesticide
Telecommunications Network
(NPTN)
Call Toll Free 1-800-858-7378
Another good resource in a pesticide emergency is NPTN,
the National Pesticide Telecommunications Network, a
toll-free telephone service that operates Monday through
Friday, from 6:30 a.m.- 4:30 p.m. Pacific time (9:30 a.m.-
7:30 p.m. Eastern time). NPTN provides information on
pesticides and how to recognize and respond to pesticide
poisonings. If necessary, staff at NPTN can transfer your
call directly to a local poison control center. Call NPTN toll
free at 1-800-858-7378.
NPTN staff answer questions about animal poisonings, too. To keep
your pets from being poisoned, follow label directions on flea and
tick products carefully. If you are concerned about the chemicals
used in these products, consult your veterinarian.
34 Handling a Pesticide Emergency
-------
How To Recognize Pesticide Poisoning
External irritants that contact skin may cause skin damage such as
redness, itching, or pimples. External irritants may also cause an
allergic skin reaction that produces redness, swelling, or blistering.
The mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat are also
quite sensitive to chemicals. Pesticide exposure may cause stinging
and swelling in these membranes.
Internal injuries also may occur if a pesticide is swallowed, inhaled,
or absorbed through the skin. Symptoms vary from organ to organ.
Lung injury may result in shortness of breath, drooling (heavy
salivation), or rapid breathing. Direct injury to the stomach and
intestines may produce nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or
diarrhea. Injury to the nervous system may cause excessive fatigue,
sleepiness, headache, muscle twitching, and numbness. In general,
different types of pesticides produce different sets of symptoms.
If someone develops symptoms after working with
pesticides, seek medical help immediately to
determine if the symptoms are pesticide related.
In certain cases, blood or urine should be collected
for analysis, or other specific exposure tests can be
made. It is better to be too cautious than too late.
Avoid potential health problems by minimizing
your exposure to pesticides. Follow all the safety
recommendations on pages 19-25.
EPA wants to know about any adverse
effects associated with pesticide exposure.
If you have such information, contact—
Pesticide Incident Response Officer
Office of Pesticide Programs (7506C)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Handling a Pesticide Emergency
35
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Choosing a
Pest Control Company
LF YOU HAVE a pest control problem that you do not want
to handle on your own, you may decide to turn to a professional
applicator. How can you be sure that the pest control company you
hire will do a good job? Before you choose a company, get answers
to these questions:
1
Is the company licensed?
Most state or local agencies issue state pest control licenses.
Make sure the pest control operator's licence is current if one is
required in your state. Also, ask if the company's employees are
bonded, meaning that the company reimburses you for any loss
or damage caused by the employee.
You may want to contact your state pesticide agency to find out
about its pesticide certification and training programs and to ask
whether periodic recertification is required for pest control
operators. (See pages 45-48 for addresses and phone numbers.)
In addition, possession of a city license—where they are
issued—is one more assurance that the company you are
dealing with is reputable and responsible.
Is the company willing and able to discuss the treatment
proposed for your home?
Selecting a pest control service is just as important as selecting
other professional services. Look for the same high degree of
competence you would expect from a doctor or lawyer. Any
company, including those advertising themselves as "green,"
should inspect your premises and outline a recommended
control program, including the—
+ Pests to be controlled.
+ Extent of the problem.
+ Active ingredient(s) in the pesticide chosen.
+ Potential adverse health effects and typical symptoms of
poisoning associated with the active ingredient.
+ Form of the pesticide and application techniques.
+ Non-chemical alternatives available.
36 Choosing a Pest Control Company
-------
^ Special instructions to reduce your exposure to the pesticide
(such as vacating the house, emptying the cupboards, and
removing pets).
^ Steps to take to minimize your pest problems in the future.
Does the company have a good track record?
Don't rely on the company salesperson to answer this question.
Research the answer yourself. Ask neighbors and friends if they
have ever dealt with the company. Were they satisfied with the
service they received? Call the Better Business Bureau or local
consumer office and find out if they have received complaints
about the company.
I Does the company have appropriate insurance? Can the
salesperson show proof on paper that the company is insured?
Most contractors carry general liability insurance, including
insurance for sudden and accidental pollution. Their insurance
gives you a certain degree of protection should an accident occur
while pesticides are being applied in your home. Contractors
may also carry workmen's compensation insurance, which can
help protect you should one of their employees
be injured while working in or around your
apartment or house. Although most states do
not require pest control companies to buy
insurance, you should think twice before
hiring a company that is not insured.
Does the company guarantee its work?
You should be skeptical about a company
that does not guarantee its work. In addition,
be sure to find out what you must do to keep
your part of the bargain. For example, in
the case of termite control treatments, the
company's guarantee may become invalid
if you make structural alterations to your
home without giving prior notice to the
pest control company.
Is the company affiliated with a
professional pest control association?
Professional associations—national,
state, or local—keep members informed
of new developments in pest control
methods, safety, training, research, and
regulations. Members agree to honor a
code of ethics. The fact that a company,
small or large, chooses to join a professional
association signals its concern for quality.
Ask questions before choosing a pesticide company.
Choosing a Pest Control Company 37
-------
You and the company of your choice should develop the contract
together. Your safety concerns should be noted and reflected in
the choice of pesticides to be used. These concerns may include
allergies, sensitivities, age of occupants (infants or elderly), resident
pets, and treatment near wildlife and fish. Wise consumers get bids
from two or three companies and look at value more than price.
What appears to be a bargain may warrant a second look.
If you hire a pest control firm to do the job, ask the company to use
the least toxic chemical method available that will do the job. Ask
to see the label or Material Safety Data Sheet, which will show
precautionary warnings.
Hiring a company to take care of your pest problem does not mean
your job is over. You must evaluate the results. If you believe
something has gone wrong with the pesticide application, contact
the company and/or your state pesticide agency. Be a responsible,
wise consumer and keep asking questions until your pests are
under control.
38 Choosing a Pest Control Company
-------
Reference Section
Calculating the Correct Amount of Pesticide To
Use for Your Target Area
To determine the size of your target area outdoors (usually a square
or rectangular part of your lawn or garden), measure each side and
multiply the length times the width. For example, if you want to
apply a pesticide in an area that is 15 feet long and 15 feet wide,
multiply 15 x 15 to get a total of 225 square feet.
When you read the label for pesticides commonly applied outdoors,
you will see measurements in square feet or in square yards. A section
of lawn that is 1 yard long x 1 yard wide has an area of 1 square yard.
Because 1 yard = 3 feet, another way to calculate the same area is
this: 3 feet long x 3 feet wide — 9 square feet — \ square yard.
To know the size of your target area indoors, you may need to
determine the volume of a room. You must calculate the volume
of a room, for instance, before using a bug bomb
(aerosol release) to control cockroaches or fleas.
In a case like this, measure and multiply the room's
length times width times height. For example, if
the kitchen in your apartment is 6 feet long, 5 feet
wide, and 8 feet high, its volume is 240 cubic feet
(6 x 5 = 30 x 8 = 240).
Tables 1 to 3 (on pages 40-41) give examples for
changing measurements you find on the pesticide
label to match your specific target area and pest
problem.
For most pesticide uses in and around
the home, you need to know some
common ways to measure volume and
some common abbreviations:
I gallon (gal.) = 16 cups
= 8 pints (pt.)
= 4 quarts (qt.)
= 128 fluid ounces (fl. oz.)
I quart (qt.) = 4 cups
= 2pt.
= 32 fl. oz.
I pint (pt.) = 2 cups
= I6fl.oz.
I cup = 8 fl. oz.
I tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
= '/2 fl. OZ.
I teaspoon = 1/6 fl. oz.
I sq. yard = 9 square feet = 3 ft. long x
3 ft. wide
Reference Sect/on 39
-------
Not all amounts are included in the tables. For amounts not
included, use the following notes as a guide:
+ To figure the amount of a ready-to-use pesticide (not to be
diluted with water), you must change the quantity of pesticide
in the same way that you change the area/volume/number of
items treated to keep the correct proportion.
For example—
l/2 lb. of pesticide
per 1,000 sq.ft.
/4 lb. of pesticide
per 500 sq.ft.
To figure the amount of a pesticide that is to be diluted with
water, you must change the quantity of pesticide and the
quantity of water in the same way that you change the area/
volume/number of items treated to keep the correct proportion.
For example—
1 lb. of pesticide
in 2 gals, of water
per 2,000 sq.ft.
l/2 lb. of pesticide
in 1 gal. of water
per 1,000 sq.ft.
TABLE I — Diluting Pesticides with Water
Unit stands for any measure of pesticide quantity. Read across.
Pesticide Label Says:
Mix "x" Units of
Pesticide ...
You mix...
8 units per I gal water 2 units per I qt water or I unit per I pt water
16 units per I gal water 4 units per I qt water or 2 units per I pt water
32 units per I gal water 8 units per I qt water or 4 units per I pt water
128 units per I gal water 32 units per I qt water or 16 units per I pt water
40 Reference Sect/on
-------
TABLE 2 — Measuring Pesticides for a Surface Application
Unit stands for any measure
Pesticide Label Says:
Apply "x" Units of
Pesticide . . .
1 unit per \ ,000 sq.ft.
2 units per \ ,000 sq.ft.
5 units per \ ,000 sq.ft.
10 units per 1,000 sq.ft.
of pesticide quantity. Read across.
Your surface measures . . .
20,000 sq.ft. 10,000 sq.ft. 500 sq.ft.
Apply: 20 units 1 0 units Vi unit
40 units 20 units 1 unit
100 units 50 units 2 '/•> units
200 units 1 00 units 5 units
TABLE 3 — Buying Pesticides for a Room Application
Read across.
Pesticide Label Says:
Release One Aerosol Your room measures . . .
Can . . . 20,000 cu.ft. 10,000 cu.ft. 5,000 cu.ft.
1 per \ 0,000 cu.ft.
1 per 5,000 cu.ft.
1 per 2,500 cu.ft.
Use: 2 cans 1 can don't use
4 cans 2 cans 1 can
8 cans 4 cans 2 cans
>x
-£&.
You may need to measure quantities
of pesticides that are too small to be
measured accurately with common
measuring tools available at home.
In this case, you should—
J Search for another pesticide product
or a less concentrated form of the
same pesticide.
J Find a more accurate measuring
device, such as a graduated cylinder or
a scale that measures small weights.
Reference Sect/on 41
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For More Information
For additional copies of this booklet, or for more information on
subjects discussed in this booklet, contact—
EPA's Public Information Center (PIC), 401 M Street, SW, Washington,
DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-260-2080); or the National Center for
Environmental Publications and Information (NCEPI), PO. Box 42419,
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419 (Telephone: 513-489-8190 or
Fax: 513-489-8695).
PIC and NCEPI have the following free information available:
• Healthy Lawn, Healthy Environment (EPA 700-K-92-005).
• Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells (EPA 20T-1004).
+ Pest Control in the School Environment: Adopting Integrated
Pest Management (EPA 735-F-93-012).
^ Pesticides and Child Safety fact sheet (English and Spanish)
(EPA 735-F-93-050 and EPA 735-F-93-051).
^ Using Insect Repellents Safely fact sheet (English and Spanish).
+ Safety Precautions for Total Release Foggers fact sheet.
• NCEPI also has EPAs National Publications Catalog 1995
(EPA 703-B-95-001) and the Catalog of Office of Pesticide Programs
(OFF) Publications and Other Information Media (EPA 730-B-94-001).
Other sources for information about pesticides and pest control
include—
^ The National Pesticide Telecommunications Network (NPTN)—
1-800-858-7378 (general public), 6:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Pacific time
(9:30 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Eastern time) Monday-Friday. NPTN
provides the following information:
+ Pesticide information.
+ Information on recognizing and managing pesticide
poisonings.
+ Safety information.
+ Health and environmental effects.
+ Referrals for investigation of pesticide incidents and
emergency treatment information.
+ Cleanup and disposal procedures, and much more.
42
Reference Sect/on
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County Cooperative Extension Service offices are usually listed
in the telephone directory under county or state government;
these offices often have a range of resources on lawn care and
landscape maintenance, including plant selection, pest control,
and soil testing.
State agriculture and environmental agencies may publish
information on pests, pest management strategies, and state
pesticide regulations. (See state contacts on pages 45-48.)
Libraries, bookstores, and garden centers usually have a wide
selection of books that identify various pests and discuss lawn
care. Garden centers may also have telephone hotlines or
experts available on the premises to answer gardening
questions.
The California Department of Pesticide Regulation's
Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch
publishes a booklet on mail order sources of biological control
organisms. Single free copies of Suppliers of Beneficial Organisms
in North America are available by writing the Department at
1020 N Street, Room 161, Sacramento, CA 95814-5624.
Telephone: 916-324-4100.
Bio-Integral Resource Center (BIRC), a non-profit organization
formed in 1978 through an EPA grant, has information on least
toxic methods for pest management. Write to PO. Box 7414,
Berkeley, CA 94707.
Reference Sect/on 43
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43
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EPA Addresses
Headquarters
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs (7506C)
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Telephone: (703) 305-5017
Fax: (703)305-5558
EPA Regional Offices
U.S. EPA, Region 1
Air, Pesticides and Toxic Management
Division
State Assistance Office (ASO)
1 Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
Telephone: (617) 565-3932
Fax: (617)565-4939
U.S. EPA, Region 2
Building 10 (MS-105)
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
Telephone: (908) 321-6765
Fax: (908)321-6788
U.S. EPA, Region 3
Toxics and Pesticides Branch (3AT-30)
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Telephone: (215) 597-8598
Fax: (215)597-3156
U.S. EPA, Region 4
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
(4-APT-MD)
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Telephone: (404) 347-5201
Fax: (404)347-5056
U.S. EPA, Region 5
Pesticides and Toxics Branch (SP-14J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604
Telephone: (312) 886-6006
Fax: (312)353-4342
U.S. EPA, Region 6
Pesticides and Toxics Branch (6PD-P)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Telephone: (214) 665-7240
Fax: (214)665-7263
U.S. EPA, Region 7
Water, Wetlands and Pesticides Division
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
Telephone: (913) 551-7030
Fax: (913)551-7065
U.S. EPA, Region 8
Air, Radiation and Toxics Division
(8ART)
One Denver Place, Suite 500
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Telephone: (303) 293-1730
Fax: (303)293-1229
U.S. EPA, Region 9
Pesticides and Toxics Branch (A-4)
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Telephone: (415) 744-1090
Fax: (415)744-1073
U.S. EPA, Region 10
Pesticides and Toxics Branch (AT-083)
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Telephone: (206) 553-1091
Fax: (206)553-8338
EPA Regions
44 Reference Sect/on
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Addresses for State Pesticide Agencies
Region 1
Connecticut
Director
Pesticide Management Division
Department of Environmental
Protection
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(203) 424-3369
Maine
Director
Board of Pesticide Control
Maine Department of Agriculture
State House Station #28
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 287-2731
Massachusetts
Chief
Pesticides Bureau
Massachusetts Department of Food
and Agriculture
100 Cambridge Street, 21st Floor
Boston, MA 02202
(617) 727-3000
New Hampshire
Director
Division of Pesticide Control
New Hampshire Department of
Agriculture, Markets and Food
PO. Box 2042
Concord, NH 03302-2042
(603) 271-3550
Rhode Island
Chief
Division of Agriculture
Rhode Island Department of
Environmental Management
22 Hayes Street
Providence, RI 02908
(401) 277-2782
Vermont
Director
Plant Industry, Laboratory and
Standards Division
Vermont Department
of Agriculture
116 State Street
Montpelier, VT 05602
(802) 828-2431
Region 2
New Jersey
Assistant Director
Pesticide Control Program
New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection
CN411
Trenton, NJ 08625-0411
(609) 530-4011
New York
Chief
Bureau of Pesticides and Radiation
Division of Solid and Hazardous
Materials Regulation
New York Department of
Environmental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, NY 12233-7254
(518) 457-7482
Puerto Rico
Director
Analysis and Registration of
Agricultural Materials
Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture
Agrological Laboratory
PO. Box 10163
Santurce, PR 00908
(809) 796-1735
Virgin Islands
Pesticide Program Director
8000 Nisky Center, Suite 231
Estate Nisky, Charlotte Amalie
St. Thomas, US VI 00802
(809) 774-3320, ext. 135
r
DE
MD
DC
0
s O
' *VI ™
Region 3
Delaware
Deputy Secretary
Delaware Department of Agriculture
Division of Consumer Protection
2320 South DuPont Highway
Dover, DE 19901
(302) 739-4811
District of Columbia
Program Manager
Pesticide Hazardous Waste and
Underground Storage Tank Division
Environmental Regulation
Administration
Department of Consumer and
Regulatory Affairs
2100 Martin Luther King, Jr.
Avenue, SE, Room 203
Washington, DC 20020
(202) 645-6080
Maryland
Chief
Pesticide Regulation Section
Office of Plant Industries and
Pest Management
Maryland Department of Agriculture
50 Harry S. Truman Parkway
Annapolis, MD 21401-7080
(410) 841-5710
Pennsylvania
Chief
Agronomic Services Division
Bureau of Plant Industry
Pennsylvania Department of
Agriculture
2301 North Cameron Street
Harrisburg, PA 17110-9408
(717) 787-4843
Virginia
Program Manager
Office of Pesticide Services
Virginia Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Service
PO. Box 1163
Richmond, VA 23209
(804) 371-6558
West Virginia
Director
Pesticide Division
West Virginia Department of
Agriculture
1900 Kanawha Boulevard, East
Charleston, WV 25305-0190
(304) 558-2209
Reference Sect/on
45
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State Pesticide Agencies (cont'd)
Region 4
Alabama
Director
Division of Plant Protection and
Pesticide Management
Alabama Department of
Agriculture and Industries
PO. Box 3336
Montgomery, AL 36109-0336
(334) 242-2656
Florida
Director
Division of Agricultural
Environmental Services
Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services
3125 Conner Boulevard
Tallahassee, PL 32399-1650
(904) 488-3731
Georgia
Assistant Commissioner
Plant Industry Division
Georgia Department of Agriculture
19 Martin Luther King Drive, SW
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404) 656-4958
Kentucky
Director
Division of Pesticides
Kentucky Department
of Agriculture
100 Fair Oaks Lane
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502) 564-7274
Mississippi
Director
Bureau of Plant Industry
Mississippi Department of
Agriculture and Commerce
PO. Box 5207
Mississippi State, MS 39762
(601) 325-3390
North Carolina
Assistant Pesticide Administrator
Food and Drug Protection Division
North Carolina Department of
Agriculture
PO. Box 27647
Raleigh, NC 27611-0647
(919) 733-3556
South Carolina
Department Head
Department of Pesticide Regulation
257 Poole Agriculture Center
Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29634-0394
(803) 656-3171
Tennessee
Director
Plant Industries Division
Tennessee Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 40627
Nashville, TN 37204
(615) 360-0130
Region 5
Illinois
Chief
Bureau of Environmental Programs
Illinois Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 19281
Springfield, IL 62794-9281
(217) 785-2427
Indiana
Pesticide Administrator
Office of the Indiana State Chemist
1154 Biochemistry Building
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907-1154
(317) 494-1585
Michigan
Director
Pesticide and Plant
Management Division
Michigan Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 30017
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 373-1087
Minnesota
Director
Division of Agronomy Services
Minnesota Department of Agriculture
90 West Plato Boulevard
St. Paul, MN 55107
(612) 296-5639
Ohio
Specialist in Charge of
Pesticide Regulation
Division of Plant Industry
Ohio Department of Agriculture
8995 East Main Street
Reynoldsburg, OH 43068-3399
(614) 728-6987
Wisconsin
Administrator
Agricultural Resources
Management Division
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture
Trade and Consumer Protection
2811 Agriculture Drive
Madison, WI 53704
(608) 224-4546
46 Reference Sect/on
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State Pesticide Agencies (cont'd)
Region 6
Arkansas
Director
Division of Feeds, Fertilizer
and Pesticides
Arkansas State Plant Board
#1 Natural Resources Drive
Little Rock, AR 72205
(501) 225-1598
Louisiana
Director
Pesticide and Environmental Programs
Louisiana Department of
Agriculture and Forestry
PO. Box 3596
Baton Rouge, LA 70821-3596
(504) 925-3763
New Mexico
Chief
Bureau of Pesticide Management
Division of Agricultural and
Environmental Services
New Mexico State Department
of Agriculture
PO. Box 3005, Department 3AQ
New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, NM 88003-0005
(505) 646-2133
Oklahoma
Director
Department of Environmental Quality
Plant Industry and Consumer Services
Oklahoma Department of Agriculture
2800 North Lincoln Boulevard
Oklahoma City, OK 73105-4298
(405) 271-1400
Texas
Assistant Commissioner for
Pesticides
Texas Department of
Agriculture
PO. Box 12847
Austin, TX 78711
(512) 463-7624
Region 7
Iowa
Chief
Pesticide Bureau
Iowa Department of Agriculture
Henry A. Wallace Building
East 9th Street and Grand Avenue
Des Moines, IA 50319
(515) 281-8591
Kansas
Director
Plant Health Division
Kansas Department of Agriculture
109 S.W. 9th Street
Topeka,KS 66612-1281
(913) 296-2263
Missouri
Director
Bureau of Pesticide Control
Missouri Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 630
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(314) 751-2462
Nebraska
Director
Bureau of Plant Industry
Nebraska Department of Agriculture
301 Centennial Mall
PO. Box 94756
Lincoln, NE 68509
(402) 471-2394
Region 8
Colorado
Director
Division of Plant Industry
Colorado Department of Agriculture
700 Kipling Street, Suite 4000
Lakewood, CO 80215-5894
(303) 239-4140
Montana
Administrator
Agricultural Sciences Division
Montana Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 200201
Helena, MT 59620-0201
(406) 444-2944
North Dakota
Director
Pesticide Division
North Dakota Department
of Agriculture
State Capitol, 600 East Boulevard,
6th Floor
Bismarck, ND 58505-0020
(701) 328-4756
South Dakota
Administrator
Office of Agronomy Services
Agricultural Services
South Dakota Department of
Agriculture
Foss Building
523 E. Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501-3182
(605) 773-4432
Utah
Director
Division of Plant Industry
Utah Department of Agriculture
Box 146500
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6500
(801) 538-7180
Wyoming
Director
Technical Services
Wyoming Department of Agriculture
2219 Carey Avenue
Cheyenne, WY 82002-0100
(307) 777-6590
Reference Sect/on 47
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State Pesticide Agencies (cont'd)
Region 9
Arizona
Director
Environmental Services Division
Arizona Department of Agriculture
1688 West Adams
Phoenix, AZ 85007
(602) 542-3578
California
Director
California Department of
Pesticide Regulation
1020 N Street, Room 100
Sacramento, CA 95814-5624
(916) 445-4300
Hawaii
Administrator
Pesticide Programs
Hawaii Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 22159
Honolulu, HI 96823-2159
(808) 973-9401
Nevada
Director
Bureau of Plant Industry
Nevada Division of
Agriculture
350 Capitol Hill Avenue
Reno, NV 89520
(702) 688-1180
Guam
Pesticide Program Director
Guam Environmental
Protection Agency
PO.Box22439-GMF
Barrigada,GU 96921
(671) 472-8863
American Samoa EPA
Office of the Governor
American Samoa Government
PO. Box 2609
Pago Pago, American Samoa 97699
(684) 633-2304
Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands
Department of Public Works
Division of Environmental Quality
Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands (CNMI)
PO. Box 1304
Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950
(670) 234-6984
Region 10
Idaho
Administrator
Division of Agricultural Technology
Idaho Department of Agriculture
PO. Box 790
Boise, ID 83701-0790
(208) 334-3550
Oregon
Administrator
Plant Division
Oregon Department of Agriculture
635 Capitol Street, NE
Salem, OR 97310-0110
(503) 986-4635
Washington
Assistant Director
Pesticide Management Division
Washington State Department
of Agriculture
PO. Box 42560
Olympia,WA 98504-2560
(360) 902-2010
Alaska
Director
Division of Environmental Health
Alaska Department of
Environmental Conservation
410 Willoughby Avenue, Room 107
Juneau, AK 99801-1795
(907) 465-5280
GU, AS, CNMI
48 Reference Sect/on
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Index
B
Beneficial Predators ........................................ 11
Biochemical Pesticides .................................... 12
Biological Controls .......................................... 11
Breeding Sites .................................................. 7
Burns (chemical) .............................................. 33
Caulking [[[ 6
Child-Resistant Packaging ............................. 23, 31
Children (safety) .............................................. 20, 23, 30, 31
Compost [[[ 10
D
Dethatching Rake ............................................ 10
Disease [[[ 7, 8
Disposal [[[ 24, 25
L
Lawn Care 8-10
M
Manual Methods 12
Measuring 18
Microscopic Pathogens 12
Mixing 18,19, 21
Mowing 9
Mulch 8
N
Non-Chemical Pest Controls 11,12
O
Outdoor Prevention 7
EPA Pesticide Incident
Response Officer
.35
Fertilize(r) 8, 9
First Aid 32, 33
eyes 33
inhalation 34
skin 33
swallowing 33
First Aid After Poisoning 34, 35
Foggers (Total Release) 21
G
Gardening 7
Grass Type 9
Ground Water 21
Parasitoids 11
Pathogens 12
Pest Control Company 36-38
Pesticide Product Types 2
Pets 20
bathing 6
poisoning 34
Poisoning 32-35
eyes 33
inhalation 34
skin 33
swallowing 33
S
Seeds 7
Soil 7-9
Storing 23
I
Indoor Prevention
Integrated Pest
Management (IPM).
-------
Help! Someone's Been Poisoned!
What To Do in a Pesticide Emergency
If the person is unconscious, having
trouble breathing, or having convulsions
ACT FAST! Speed is crucial.
Give needed first aid immediately.
Call 911 or your local emergency service.
If possible, have someone else call for
emergency help while you give first aid.
If the person is awake or conscious, not
having trouble breathing, and not having
convulsions ...
Read the label for first aid instructions.
Call a doctor, a poison control center, a local
emergency service (911), or the National
Pesticide Telecommunications Network
(toll free at 1-800-858-7378).
Give first aid.
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Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-K-05-009
Introduction to
Closure/Post-Closure
(40 CFR Parts 264/265, Subpart G)
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
September 2005
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CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 2
2.1 Closure Performance Standards 2
2.2 Closure Phases 2
2.3 Closure Plan 2
2.4 Closure Timetable 3
2.5 Disposal or Decontamination of Equipment, Structures, and Soils 6
2.6 Certification of Closure 6
2.7 Survey Plat 6
2.8 Clean Closure 7
2.9 Post-Closure 7
3. Special Issues 11
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Closure and Post-Closure - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
All hazardous waste management facilities must eventually cease their treatment, storage, or
disposal activities. When such operations cease, the owner and operator must close the facility
in a way that ensures it will not pose a future threat to human health and the environment. The
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) closure and post-closure regulations in 40
CFR Parts 264 and 265, Subpart G, are designed to achieve this goal. Closure is the period
following active management during which a facility no longer accepts hazardous wastes. When
an owner or operator of a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) completes treatment,
storage, and disposal operations, he or she must apply final covers to landfills and dispose of or
decontaminate equipment, structures, and soils. Post-closure, which applies only to land
disposal facilities and facilities that cannot decontaminate (or "clean close") all equipment,
structures, and soils, is normally a 30-year period after closure during which owners and
operators conduct monitoring and maintenance activities to preserve the integrity of the disposal
system and continue to prevent or control releases of contaminants from the disposal units.
When you have completed this training module you will know the difference between closure
and post-closure and how to apply the appropriate regulations. Specifically, you will be able to:
• list the types of facilities that are subject to closure/post-closure
define the difference between partial and final closure
specify who submits a closure plan and when a closure plan must be submitted, list the
steps in the process, and state the time frame for submittal
• identify when a closure plan must be amended and how closure plans are amended
explain the time frame for notification of closure, and the deadlines for beginning and
completing closure
specify which facilities need contingent post-closure plans
• list the elements of post-closure and cite the requirements
• specify the conditions and timing for amending a post-closure plan
state who must certify closure/post-closure
explain the alternatives to post-closure permits for interim status facilities.
Use this list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you complete the training
session.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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2 - Closure and Post-Closure
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
The closure and post-closure regulations can be divided into two parts: (1) general standards in
Part 264/265, Subpart G, and (2) technical standards for specific types of hazardous waste
management units found in Part 264/265, Subparts I through X. These combined requirements
ensure that a specific unit or facility will not pose a future threat to human health or the
environment after a TSDF closes.
2.1 CLOSURE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Owners and operators must close each facility in a manner that minimizes the need for care after
closure. To achieve this requirement, facilities must control, minimize, or eliminate the escape
of hazardous waste, hazardous leachate, or hazardous waste decomposition by-products to the
extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, (§264/265.114). Facilities must
also meet the closure requirements for each unit type (§264/265.111). For example, permitted
containers must be closed according to §264.178.
2.2 CLOSURE PHASES
RCRA facilities often have several different hazardous waste management units that close at
different times. The regulations account for this possibility by differentiating between partial
closure and final closure. Partial closure means closure of one or more hazardous waste
management units at a facility where other hazardous waste management units remain active.
The closed portion (also "inactive portion") of a facility is defined as that portion of a facility
that has been closed in accordance with an approved closure plan and applicable regulatory
requirements, while the active portion of the facility is that portion where treatment, storage, or
disposal operations continue to occur. Final closure of a facility occurs when all hazardous
waste management units at a facility are closed according to closure regulations.
2.3 CLOSURE PLAN
All TSDFs must submit closure plans for both partial and final closure in accordance with
§264/265.112. These plans explain in detail how the owner and operator will achieve the closure
performance standard under §264/265.111. Permitted facilities are required to submit a closure
plan with the Part B permit application; the approved closure plan then becomes an enforceable
component of the facility permit. Interim status facilities must have a written closure plan on the
premises six months after the facility becomes subject to §265.112.
CONTENTS OF THE CLOSURE PLAN
The closure regulations do not mandate any specific format for the closure plan. Nor do the
regulations mandate any particular level of detail, length, or supporting documentation. Rather,
the regulations provide general guidelines on the type of information that the closure plan must
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Closure and Post-Closure - 3
include. By requiring these specific elements, EPA hopes to force owners and operators to
consider their future closure responsibilities and consequently realize the impact of their current
operating practices on closure. According to §264/265.112(b), the closure plan must contain:
a description of how each hazardous waste management unit will be closed
• a description of how final closure of the facility will be achieved
• an estimate of the maximum inventory of hazardous waste ever on site during the
facility's active life
a detailed description of closure methods, including actions necessary to remove waste
and decontaminate the site
a description of any other steps that may be necessary in order to comply with the closure
standards, such as groundwater monitoring or leachate collection
• a schedule of closure dates for each unit and for final closure, including the amount of
time that closure of each unit and related activities will take
• the expected year of final closure for facilities that use trust funds for financial assurance,
and for facilities without approved closure plans.
AMENDING THE PLAN
The closure plan may be amended by either the facility owner/operator or the Regional
Administrator (RA) by following the steps in §264/265.112(c) when there is a change in the
design or operation of the facility, a change in the expected closure date, or an unexpected event.
An example of an unexpected event is the discovery of more contamination than anticipated,
resulting in the need to close a storage unit (e.g., a tank) as a disposal unit.
The owner and operator of a permitted facility or an interim status facility with an approved
closure plan must submit a written request to the RA, along with a copy of the amended plan 60
days prior to a planned change. If the change is a result of an unexpected event, the amended
closure plan must be submitted no more than 60 days after the unexpected event if it occurs
before closure, and no more than 30 days after an unexpected event if it occurs during closure.
Facilities can amend the closure plan at any time prior to notification of partial or final closure;
however, permitted facilities must also submit a permit modification per §270.42, in addition to
the written request to amend the plan. Owners and operators of interim status facilities without
approved closure plans may amend the closure plan at any time prior to notification of partial or
final closure.
2.4 CLOSURE TIMETABLE
The closure regulations establish specific timetables for the initiation and completion of closure
activities. One element of this timetable is prior notification to the RA of the commencement of
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
-------
4 - Closure and Post-Closure
closure. For permitted units the owner and operator must notify the RA at least 60 days prior to
the date on which they "expect to begin closure" of a surface impoundment, waste pile, land
treatment or landfill unit, or final closure of a facility with such a unit (§264.112(d)). The date
when the owner and operator "expect to begin closure" must be no later than 30 days after the
date on which the unit accepts the known final volume of hazardous waste (§264.112(d)(2)(i)).
For facilities with only tanks, containers, or incinerators, notification must occur at least 45 days
prior to the date they expect to begin final closure. For hazardous waste boilers or industrial
furnaces, notification must occur at least 45 days prior to partial or final closure. Interim status
units have similar notification requirements to their permitted counterparts. The additional
stipulation is that closure plans must be submitted according to the dates found in §265.112(d) of
the regulations (closure plans for permitted units are submitted in the Part B application process).
Section 264/265.113 establishes deadlines for initiating and completing closure activities.
Within 90 days of receipt of the final volume of hazardous waste at a permitted facility, the
owner and operator must treat, remove from the site, or dispose of all hazardous waste on site.
For interim status facilities, this deadline, as well as the deadlines for all subsequent closure
activities, is based on the timing of the latter of two events: receipt of the final volume of
hazardous waste at the unit, or approval of the closure plan (§265.113(a) and (b)). For example,
the owner and operator of an interim status facility must treat, remove from the site, or dispose of
all hazardous waste on site within 90 days of receipt of the final volume of hazardous waste, or
within 90 days of the approval of the closure plan, whichever is later. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate
the closure timelines for permitted and interim status facilities (with approved plans),
respectively. You will see significant time differences in requirements for land-based units and
facilities with only tanks, containers, and incinerators.
Once partial or final closure is initiated, closure activities must be completed within 180 days of
receiving the final volume of hazardous waste (§264/265.113(b)). For interim status facilities,
closure activities must be completed within 180 days of approval of the closure plan, or within
180 days of receiving the final volume of hazardous waste, whichever is later.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Closure and Post-Closure - 5
Figure 1
CLOSURE TIMETABLE FOR PERMITTED FACILITIES and INTERIM STATUS
FACILITIES WITH APPROVED CLOSURE PLANS*
| Notify (Sfotify 0 30
Receive
1 1 Final Expect to
1 Volume of 'BeSin
1 - Hazardous Closure"
1 1 Wf-cta 1
| f
| 45 days
Final Closure of Tanks, Containers,
| Incinerator, and Partial or
Closure of BIFs
1
1
1
1
I
60 days
Partial or Final Closure of a Land-Based
(SI WP, LTU, LF)
90
Remove
All Waste
or Dispose of
Waste On Site
180
Complete
Closure
240
Certify Closure for
all Final Closures
and Partial Closures
involving a Land-
Based Unit (must
be within 60 days of
completion of
closure)
This figure does not take into account Delay of Closure
if the unit has the capacity to receive additional wastes, begin closure no later than one year after
final volume of waste is received.
Submit
Plan
Figure 2
CLOSURE TIMETABLE FOR INTERIM STATUS FACILITIES WITHOUT
APPROVED CLOSURE PLANS*
Submit
Plan I
0
30
Receive Final Volume of Expect to
Hazardous Waste or Begin
Closure Plan Approved, Closure**
Whichever is Later [
j
45 days
Final Closure of Tanks, Containers,
Incinerator, and Partial or
Closure of BTFs
90
Remove
All Waste
or Dispose of
Waste On Site
180
Complete
Closure
I
240
Certify Closure for
all Final Closures
and Partial Closures
involving a Land-
Based Unit (must be
within 60 days of
completion of
closure)
180 days
Partial or Final Closure of a Land-Based Unit (SI, WP, LTU, LF)
This figure does not take into account Delay of Closure
rf the unit has the capacity to receive additional wastes, begin closure no later than one year after
final volume of waste is received.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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6 - Closure and Post-Closure
EXTENSIONS
When the closure activities will take longer than 90 (or 180) days to complete, the RA may grant
extensions to the 90- and 180-day deadlines, provided the facility or unit has the capacity to
accept hazardous or nonhazardous waste (§264/265.113(a) and (b)).
DELAY OF CLOSURE
A facility meeting specific eligibility criteria in §264/265.113(d) and (e) may delay closure and
continue to receive nonhazardous waste following the final receipt of hazardous waste. This
provision is only available to certain landfills, surface impoundments, and land treatment units. It is
not available to units such as storage or treatment tanks, container storage areas, waste piles,
incinerators, land treatment units, or units that have lost interim status.
In addition, all owners and operators of units that choose to delay closure will continue to be
subject to all applicable Subtitle C requirements and must ensure that the co-disposal of
nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste will in no way endanger human health and the
environment.
2.5 DISPOSAL OR DECONTAMINATION OF EQUIPMENT,
STRUCTURES, AND SOILS
During partial and final closure periods, all contaminated equipment, structures, and soils must
be properly disposed of or decontaminated unless otherwise specified in the unit-specific closure
requirements (§264/265.114). During this process the owner and operator may become a
generator of hazardous waste and, therefore, become subject to the requirements in Part 262.
Furthermore, hazardous waste management units built as part of the closure process must be
permitted or comply with the generator accumulation unit provisions in §262.34.
2.6 CERTIFICATION OF CLOSURE
According to §264/265.115, the owner and operator must submit to the RA (by registered mail) a
certification that the hazardous waste management unit or facility has closed in accordance with
the specifications in the approved closure plan. This submittal must take place within 60 days of
completion of closure of each regulated unit and within 60 days of the completion of final
closure. The certification must be signed by the owner and operator and by an independent,
registered, professional engineer. The RA may request supporting documentation to verify the
validity of the engineer's certification.
2.7 SURVEY PLAT
The owner and operator must submit to the RA or local zoning authority a survey plat indicating
the location and dimensions of the hazardous waste units (§264/265.116). The survey plat must
be submitted no later than the submission of certification of closure of each hazardous waste
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Closure and Post-Closure - 7
disposal unit. The survey plat provides important information on closed units in the event that
the facility is sold or abandoned.
2.8 CLEAN CLOSURE
Generally, two types of closure are allowed: closure by removal or decontamination, referred to
as "clean closure," and closure with the waste in place. If all hazardous waste and contaminants,
including contaminated soils and equipment, can be removed from the site or unit at closure, the
site or unit can be clean closed and post-closure care is not required. In order to demonstrate
clean closure, the owner and operator must show that levels of hazardous contaminants do not
exceed EPA-recommended exposure levels, or clean closure levels.
EPA has not specified contaminant levels for clean closure. "How clean is clean" is a site-
specific decision made by the EPA Region or authorized state. Limited amounts of hazardous
constituents may remain in media after clean closure provided they are present at concentrations
below which they may pose a risk to human health and the environment. The implementing
agency can identify clean closure based on established, protective, risk-based levels (e.g.,
maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) under the Safe Drinking Water Act), or site-specific risk-
based levels. EPA clarified its policies on risk-based clean closure in a March 16, 1998,
memorandum (Cotsworth to EPA Regional Advisors).
2.9 POST-CLOSURE
EPA developed the post-closure standards for land disposal units (LDUs) that leave hazardous
waste in place at closure. These include landfills, land treatment units, surface impoundments,
and other units where equipment, structures, and soils cannot be fully decontaminated (i.e., clean
closed). Facilities where waste remains in place after the completion of closure must conduct
monitoring and maintenance activities to ensure the integrity of the liners and leak detection
systems and prevent or control releases to the environment. Owners and operators of facilities
that require post-closure care must comply with both the general post-closure regulations in
§264/265.116 through 264/265.120, and the unit-specific post-closure requirements in Part
264/265, Subparts K, L, M, N, and X. These facilities also must obtain permits for the post-
closure period and comply with the groundwater monitoring requirements of Part 264/265,
SubpartF.
POST-CLOSURE PERMITS
Owners and operators of certain land disposal units and units that cannot clean close must obtain
a permit for the post-closure period, thus ensuring that appropriate monitoring and maintenance
activities will be conducted. Post-closure permits apply to owners and operators of surface
impoundments, landfills, land treatment units, and waste piles that received waste after July 26,
1982, or that certified closure after January 26, 1983, unless they demonstrate closure by
removal pursuant to §270.1(c)(5) and (6). At the discretion of the implementing agency, an
owner or
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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! - Closure and Post-Closure
operator may obtain, in lieu of a post-closure permit, an enforceable document that imposes the
requirements in §265.121 (§270.1(c)(7)).
The denial of a permit for the active life of a hazardous waste management facility (i.e., the
period from first receipt of hazardous waste until certification of final closure) does not affect the
requirement to obtain a post-closure permit. A storage unit (e.g., a tank) that cannot be clean
closed and is closed as a landfill must obtain either a post-closure permit or an enforceable
document that imposes post-closure permit requirements.
POST-CLOSURE CARE
Post-closure care consists of two primary responsibilities: groundwater monitoring and
maintaining waste containment systems (§264/265.117). The post-closure period normally lasts
for 30 years after the date closure is completed but may be amended (e.g., extended or shortened)
by the RA. Groundwater monitoring and reporting must be conducted in accordance with Part
264/265, Subparts F, K, L, M, and N.
Waste containment systems must be monitored and maintained in accordance with the applicable
regulatory requirements of Part 264/265, Subparts K, L, M, N, and X. Post-closure use of the
property may not disturb the final cover, liners, or other containment or monitoring systems
unless such disturbance is necessary for the proposed use or to protect human health and the
environment (see unit-specific closure requirements in Part 264/265, Subparts I through O).
Post-closure activities include maintaining the integrity of the cap or final cover and ensuring
that monitoring equipment works properly during the post-closure period.
POST-CLOSURE PLAN
Owners and operators must prepare a post-closure plan for units that do not clean close. The
post-closure plan requirements in §264/265.118 include:
• a description of planned groundwater monitoring activities
a description of planned maintenance activities
• the name, address, and telephone numbers of the person or office to contact during the
post-closure period.
Permitted facilities must submit the post-closure care plan as part of the post-closure permit
application. Thus, any amendments to the plan require a permit modification. Owners and operators
of interim status facilities must submit a post-closure plan to the RA at least 180 days before the date
they expect to begin partial or final closure of the first hazardous waste disposal unit. If a facility's
interim status is terminated, or the RA issues a judicial decree or order under RCRA §3008 to cease
receiving wastes or close, the owner and operator must submit the post-closure plan to the RA
within 15 days (§265.118(e)(l) and (2)).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Closure and Post-Closure - 9
POST-CLOSURE NOTICES
Within 60 days after closure certification by a registered engineer or qualified soil scientist, the
local zoning or land use authority and the RA must receive a record of the type, location, and
quantity of hazardous wastes in each disposal unit (§264/265.119). For wastes disposed of prior
to January 12, 1981, the owner and operator must provide a "best estimate" for the quantity of
waste in each unit.
Also within 60 days of closure certification of each hazardous waste disposal unit, a notice must
be placed in the property deed and recorded. This notice must state that the land was used for
hazardous waste management; that the use of the land is restricted per Part 264/265, Subpart G;
and that the survey plat and record of closure were submitted to the local zoning authority and
theRA.
CERTIFICATION OF COMPLETION OF POST-CLOSURE CARE
No later than 60 days after completion of the established post-closure care period for each
hazardous waste disposal unit, the owner and operator must submit to the RA by registered mail
a certification that the post-closure care period was performed in accordance with the
specifications established in the approved closure plan (§264/265.120).
ALTERNATIVES TO POST-CLOSURE PERMITS
The RCRA closure standards mandate post-closure care and a post-closure permit when the
owner and operator closes a disposal unit or leaves hazardous waste in place after the facility
closes. Obtaining a post-closure permit and implementing corrective action through that permit
is difficult and in some cases impossible because the facility cannot meet the requirements to
obtain a post-closure permit in RCRA §3005(c) (see the module entitled RCRA Corrective
Action). On October 22, 1998, EPA addressed this issue by revising the closure and post-closure
requirements to allow the use of various authorities to impose requirements on non-permitted
LDUs requiring post-closure care (63 FR 56710).
The new guidelines remove the requirement to address post-closure care requirements through a
post-closure permit in all instances, thereby giving the Agency the ability to use the most
appropriate and efficient remedial authorities, such as enforcement orders, available at a closing
facility. However, any alternative authority used in lieu of a post-closure permit must provide
the same substantive requirements that apply to units receiving post-closure permits.
Additionally, facilities that close with waste in place and use a non-permit mechanism in lieu of
a permit to address post-closure responsibilities will have to meet three important requirements
that apply to permitted facilities: (1) the more extensive groundwater monitoring required in Part
264, as it applies to regulated units; (2) the requirement to submit information about the facility
in §270.28; and (3) facility-wide corrective action for solid waste management units as required
in §264.101 (§265.121).
The October 22, 1998, final rule also provided flexibility for situations in which a regulated unit
(e.g., landfill) is situated among solid waste management units (SWMUs), a release has
occurred, and both the regulated unit and SWMU are suspected of contributing to the release. In
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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10 - Closure and Post-Closure
these scenarios, the implementing agency may replace a regulated unit's Subparts F, G, and H
requirements (i.e., groundwater monitoring, closure, and financial assurance) with site-specific
cleanup standards. By allowing this substitution, EPA hopes to eliminate problems encountered
when both regulated unit standards and SWMU corrective action provisions apply at a site.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Closure and Post-Closure - 11
3. SPECIAL ISSUES
Interim status terminates for facilities that fail to comply with the applicable provisions of
§270.73(a) through (g), which establish deadlines for the submission of permit applications. For
example, an incinerator that received interim status prior to November 8, 1984, had its interim
status terminated on November 8, 1989, unless the owner or operator of the facility submitted a
Part B application for a RCRA permit by November 8, 1986. An interim status facility that fails
to meet any applicable portion of §270.73 falls into the loss of interim status category. The
owner or operator of the facility must then submit a closure plan in accordance with §265.112(d)
and initiate final closure activities.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Common Violations and Problems Found at Hospitals
Hazardous Waste Violations/Issues
• Improper or lack of hazardous waste (HW) labeling.
• No or infrequent weekly inspections of HW storage/satellite areas.
• Open containers of HW.
• Improper disposal of chemotherapy drugs.
• Failure to perform or improper hazardous waste determinations.
• No or inadequate HW manifests.
• Throwing HW down the drain.
• Improper management of mercury-containing wastes, including but not limited to,
fluorescent light bulbs, mercury vapor lights, thermometers, sphygmomanometer, gastric
tubes, thermostats, etc.
• Improper management of expired pharmaceuticals, paints, etc..
• Lack of a contingency plan.
• Lack of or inadequate training of employees in HW management.
• Failure to ensure that HW meets Land Disposal Restrictions.
• Failure to upgrade/close underground storage tanks (USTs) by 12/22/98.
• Malfunctioning leak detection systems.
• Improper consolidation of wastes from nearby facilities.
Air Violations/Issues
• Failure to use properly trained and accredited asbestos personnel.
• Failure to notify EPA of asbestos removal projects and to keep required documentation /
record keeping.
• Failure to properly dispose asbestos debris.
• Failure to close lids on parts washers when not in use.
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• Failure to include spray paint booths and parts degreasers in air permit.
Water Violations/Issues
• No permit for or noncompliance with wastewater discharges.
• No or inadequate secondary containment for storage tanks.
• Floor drains.
No SPCC plan.
Residential Lead Paint Violations/Issues
• Failure to notify residents of lead paint in building or lack of knowledge of any lead
hazard. Failure to provide EPA's pamphlet, "Protect Your Family from Lead in Your
Home."
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EFft
Region 2 (NJ, NY, PR, VI)
June 2006
<
Healthcare-Related
P and U-listed Wastes
-------
INTRODUCTION
Under Section 261 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, EPA lists certain
wastes as hazardous because they are known to be harmful to human health and the
environment when not managed properly, regardless of their concentrations. Please note
that other non- listed wastes may be hazardous if they are found to be ignitable, reactive,
corrosive, or toxic either through testing or generator knowledge. Also, some states may
list more wastes as hazardous than EPA. Visit www.hercenter.org to locate state- listed
wastes.
In any case, healthcare facilities generate many EPA- listed hazardous wastes. These
listed wastes are further divided into the following four types:
• F-listed wastes. These are non-specific-source wastes generated by several
different industries. Examples of healthcare facility wastes that fit this cate-
gory are solvents often used in research laboratories, pharmacies, and
morgues (e.g., methanol, acetone, and methylene chloride.)
• K-listed wastes. These are wastes generated from specifically- identified
industries. Healthcare facilities typically do not produce K-listed wastes.
• U-listed wastes. These are discarded commercial chemical products, off-
specification products, container residuals, spill residue runoff, or active in-
gredients that have spilled, or are unused and that have been, or are intended
to be, discarded. To meet the criteria for a U-listed waste, the chemical in the
waste must be unused and be of technical (commercial) grade, 100% pure,
and the only active ingredient in the formulation.
• P-listed wastes. Like U- listed wastes, these are discarded commercial
chemical products, off-specification products, container residuals, spill resi-
due runoff, or active ingredients that have spilled, or are unused and that
have been, or are intended to be, discarded. Also, like U- listed wastes, to
meet the criteria for a P-listed waste, the chemical in the waste must be un-
used and be of technical (commercial) grade, 100% pure, and the only active
ingredient in the formulation. The only difference is that P- listed wastes are
considered acutely hazardous wastes and only 1 kg or 2.2 Ibs of a P-listed
waste generated in a calendar month will make a healthcare facility a large
quantity generator of hazardous waste and subject to the full set of hazardous
waste regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
The next few pages list some of the common P and U- listed wastes found at hospitals.
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DISCLAIMER
The information provided in this document is intended solely to provide compliance
assistance to healthcare facilities located in EPA Region 2. Please note that the
following table of P and U- listed wastes found at healthcare facilities may not be
complete and should be relied upon only as general guidance. The table should be
used in conjunction with the regulations, not in place of them. This document should
not be considered Agency guidance, policy, or any part of any rule- making effort, but
is provided for informational and discussion purposes only. It is not intended, nor can
it be relied upon, to create any rights enforceable by any party in litigation with the
United States. It is also important to note that this document is based on the federal
definition of hazardous waste and many states have developed their own hazardous
waste regulatory programs. It is always advisable to check with your local regulatory
authority to insure compliance.
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Healthcare Related P and U-Listed Wastes
Chemical Name
Acetone
Acetyl Chloride
Acrylonitrile
Alkeran
Aniline
Arsenic
Arsenic Trioxide
Azaserine
3-Benzyl Chloride
Bromoform
N-butyl alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Cacodylic Acid
Cerubidine,
Chloral Hydrate
Chlorambucil
Chlornaphazin
2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether
Chloroform
p-Chloro-m-Cresol
Chloropropionitrile
Waste Code
U002
U006
U009
U150
U012
P012
P012
U015
P028
U225
U031
U211
U136
U059
U034
U035
U026
U042
U044
U039
P027
Uses in a Healthcare Facility
Used as a solvent in various pharmaceutical
formulations
Used in testing for cholesterol
Used in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Used in chemotherapy
Used in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Used in veterinary medicine and to treat severe
parasitic diseases
Used in chemotherapy
Used is an antifungal and an antineoplastic
Used in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Used as a sedative, a hypnotic, and an antitussive
Used as a bactericide, in the manufacture of
Pharmaceuticals, as an anti-hemorrhagic in those with
far advanced cancer and for the control of
postoperative pain in otolaryngeal surgery
Used as an anthelmintic and as a solvent in
pharmaceutical formulations
Used as an dermatologic
Used in chemotherapy
Used in cough syrups and in sleeping pills
Used in chemotherapy
Used as an antineoplastic
Used in manufacture of anesthetics and sedatives
Used as an anesthetic
Used as an antiseptic
Used in pharmaceutical synthesis
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Chemical Name
Creosote
Cresols
CTX
Cyanide Salts
Cyclophosphamide
Cytoxan
Daunomycin
Daunorubicin
DaunoXome,
Dichlorobenzenes
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diethylstilbesterol
Epinephrine
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Carbamate
Ethyl Ether
Ethylene Oxide
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid and its salts
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Lindane
Leukeran
Liposomal
L-PAM
Waste Code
U051
U052
U058
P030
U058
U058
U059
U059
U059
U070, U071,
U072
U075
U089
P042
U112
U238
U117
U115
U122
U123
U131
U132
U129
U035
U059
U150
Uses in a Healthcare Facility
Used as an antiseptic and an expectorant
Used as an antiseptic and a disinfectant
Used in chemotherapy
Used in the laboratory
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used as germicides and in pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Used as refrigerant
Used as an anticancer agent and morning after pill
Used in emergency allergy kits, to treat certain types of
glaucoma, in eye surgery and to treat patients suffering
cardiac arrest while in the hospital
Used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals
Used as an antineoplastic
Used as a disinfectant and an anesthetic
Used as a sterilizer of surgical instruments
Used as an antiseptic, a disinfectant, and as a
preservative
Used internally as diuretics and in convalescence and de-
bilitated conditions to help muscle tone such as in
cardiac weakness and muscular rheumatism
Used as an anthelmintic (destroys parasitic intestinal
worms)
Used as an active ingredient in Phisohex
Used as a scabicide
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
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Chemical Name
Maleic Anhydride
Melphalan
Mercury
Methanol
3-Methylchloranthrene
Methapyrilene
Methylthiouracil
Mitomycin
Mitomycin C
Mutamycin)
Naphthalene
Neosar
Nicotine
Nitroglycerin
Paraldehyde
Phenacetin
Phenylmercuric Acetate
Phenol
Phentermine
Physotigmine
Physotigmine Salicylate
Potassium Silver Cyanide
Procytox
Waste Code
U147
U150
U151
U154
U157
U155
U164
U010
U010
U010
U165
U058
P075
P081
U182
U187
P092
U188
P046
P204
P188
P099
U058
Uses in a Healthcare Facility
Used in the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals
Used in chemotherapy
Used in preservatives (Thimerosal), thermometers,
sphygmomanometers, and antiseptics (mercurochrome)
Used as a solvent in the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals
Used experimentally in cancer research
Used as an antihistaminic
Used as a thyroid inhibitor
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used as an antiseptic and an anthelmintic
Used in chemotherapy
Used to help smokers quit
Used as a coronary vasodilator in the treatment of
angina
Used as a sedative and a hypnotic
Used as an analgesic and an antipyretic drug
Used as a bactericide and a pharmaceutic aid in contact
lens solution and nasal sprays
Used as an antiseptic, an anesthetic, and an
antipruritic (relieves itching)
Used as an appetite suppressant
Used as cholinergic (liberates or acts like acetylcholine)
Used as cholinergic (liberates or acts like acetylcholine)
Used as a bactericide
Used in chemotherapy
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Chemical Name
Reserpine
Resorcinol
Rubidomycin
Saccharin
Selenium Sulfide
Sodium Azide
Streptozocin
Streptozotocin
Strychnine
Uracil Mustard
Tetrachloroethylene
Thiram
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
Trisenox
Warfarin <0.3%
Warfarin>0.3%
Zanosar
Waste Code
U200
U201
U059
U202
U205
P105
U206
U206
P108
U237
U210
U244
U228
U121
P012
U248
P001
U206
Uses in a Healthcare Facility
Used to treat hypertension, insanity, snakebite, and
cholera in humans and as a long acting tranquilizer in
horses
Used as a pharmaceutical to treat acne, as an anti-
dandruff agent in shampoo, and as a chemical
intermediate to synthesize Pharmaceuticals
Used in chemotherapy
Used as a sugar substitute
Used as an ingredient in shampoos
Used as a chemical preservative in hospitals and
laboratories
Used in chemotherapy
Used in chemotherapy
Used as a veterinary tonic and stimulant
Used in chemotherapy
Used as an anthelmintic
Used as an antiseptic
Used as an inhalation anesthetic and in the
manufacture of Pharmaceuticals
Used as refrigerant
Used in chemotherapy
Used as an anticoagulant
Used as an anticoagulant
Used in chemotherapy
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Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-K-05-008
Introduction to
Containment Buildings
(40 CFR Parts 264/265,
Subpart DD)
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
September 2005
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-------
CONTAINMENT BUILDINGS
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 2
2.1 Applicability 2
2.2 Design Standards 5
2.3 Operating Standards 7
2.4 Inspections 8
2.5 Response to Releases 8
2.6 Closure 8
3. Special Issues 9
3.1 Generator Accumulation 9
3.2 Conversion of Waste Piles into Containment Buildings 9
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Containment Buildings - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Through the inception of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program, EPA
has created a system of hazardous waste management that is protective of human health and the
environment, yet not overly burdensome to industry. With the advent of the land disposal
restrictions (LDR) in 1986, some waste management difficulties arose, particularly concerning
bulky, large volume wastes that are not amenable to storage in tanks and containers (e.g., lead
slags, spent potliners, and contaminated debris). Instead, these wastes were often stored and
treated on concrete pads or floors in buildings. Because this type of management would be
considered land disposal, it was prohibited without prior treatment, but no other feasible storage
or treatment unit existed.
In 1992, EPA developed standards for a new hazardous waste management unit called a
containment building (57 FR 37194; August 18, 1992). Containment buildings, which are
essentially waste piles enclosed in a building, facilitate management of bulky materials without
triggering LDR. This module outlines the regulatory standards in 40 CFR Parts 264/265,
Subpart D, for containment buildings managing hazardous waste.
When you complete this training module, you will be able to explain the regulatory history and
purpose of containment buildings. Specifically, you will be able to:
discuss the relationship between LDR and containment buildings
summarize the design and operating standards applicable to containment buildings
• describe the relationship between generator accumulation standards and containment
buildings.
Use this list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you complete the training
session.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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2 - Containment Buildings
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
EPA chose to designate containment buildings as hazardous waste management units to address
the difficulties associated with management of bulky, large volume hazardous wastes and the
triggers for hazardous waste management requirements in the regulations. In response to the
necessity for storage and treatment of such wastes in compliance with LDR, the provisions for
containment buildings were promulgated on August 18, 1992 (57 FR 37194, 37211).
Regulations applicable to containment buildings are codified in 40 CFR Part 264/265, Subpart
DD.
2.1 APPLICABILITY
A containment building is a completely enclosed structure (i.e., possessing four walls, a roof,
and a floor) that houses an accumulation of noncontainerized waste. Prior to designation of
containment buildings as hazardous waste management units, equivalent to tanks or containers,
the accumulation of noncontainerized waste within a roofed structure would have been
considered an indoor waste pile subject to the standards in Subpart L of Part 264/265. Because
of bulky physical dimensions or large volumes, hazardous wastes like debris are more amenable
to storage and treatment in waste piles than in tanks or containers. Placement of untreated
hazardous debris in waste piles, however, violates the land disposal restrictions in Part 268.
Under LDR, hazardous waste may not be placed on the land unless it meets certain standards
that require treatment of the waste to reduce its hazardousness (for more information on LDR,
see the module entitled Land Disposal Restrictions). Before land disposal, many wastes will be
stored or treated to meet the LDR treatment standards in tanks and containers - units that are not
considered "land disposal units." Managing hazardous waste in certain types of units, including
landfills, surface impoundments, and waste piles, constitutes "land disposal," which may not
occur until the waste has been treated to meet LDR standards. Certain bulky hazardous wastes
are not amenable to treatment in tanks or containers and must be treated in waste piles. Since
the definition of "land disposal" includes placement of waste in a waste pile, doing so is
prohibited unless the waste first meets all applicable treatment standards. Thus, to perform the
treatment required before land disposal, the waste must first be land disposed. Under this
scenario, the land disposal restrictions form a circular barrier to any management of certain
hazardous wastes (Figure 1). EPA developed the concept of containment buildings to break this
circular barrier and allow for proper handling of all hazardous waste.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containment Buildings - 3
Figure 1
THE CIRCULAR BARRIER
TO TREATMENT OF CERTAIN HAZARDOUS WASTES
Placement of
Hazardous Waste in
a Waste Pile
(Land Disposal)
but treatment of certain
hazardous wastes
cannot easily be conducted
without. . .
cannot occur
until. . .
Hazardous Waste Is
Treated to
Meet LDR Treatment
Standards
EPA interprets the statutory definition of land disposal to exclude containment buildings based
on the belief that the completely enclosed unit can provide containment comparable to that
offered by tanks or containers when the building is designed and operated in compliance with the
regulations in Part 264/265, Subpart DD. Thus, containment buildings join tanks, containers,
and drip pads as hazardous waste management units into which placement of waste does not
constitute land disposal. Containment buildings can therefore be used for treatment or storage of
hazardous waste at permitted or interim status treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDFs), as well as for temporary accumulation of hazardous wastes by a generator before off-
site management without triggering or violating any treatment requirements under LDR (Figure
2).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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4 - Containment Buildings
Figure 2
CONTAINMENT BUILDINGS AND LDR
Placement of
Hazardous Waste in
Containment
Building
(Not Land Disposal)
I
Hazardous Waste Is
Treated to Meet
LDR Treatment
Standards
Land Disposal in
Another RCRA
Unit
\
The Circular
Barrier Is '
„ Broken!
While containment buildings were primarily developed to serve as management units for
hazardous debris and other bulky and high volume hazardous wastes, EPA does not restrict their
usage to these waste types. In fact, containment buildings may be employed for storage or
treatment of any nonliquid hazardous waste. Liquid or semi-liquid wastes are typically more
difficult to handle and pose an increased risk of a release into the surrounding environment. For
this reason, such wastes are generally prohibited from management in containment buildings.
Liquid wastes include wastes that flow under their own weight to fill the container in which they
are placed, are readily pumpable, or release such large quantities of liquid into the unit that the
liquid collection and removal system cannot prevent accumulation. Wastes that contain free
liquids but do not meet the given definition of liquid (i.e., wastes that do not flow, are not
pumpable, and do not release a sufficiently large quantity of liquids) may be placed in a
containment building, provided the unit conforms to several relevant design limits specified later
in this module. As an alternative, liquid wastes may be placed in tanks that are located inside the
containment building. In such cases, the building serves as secondary containment for the
hazardous waste tank and must comply with all applicable secondary containment provisions in
SubpartJ of Part 264/265.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containment Buildings - 5
In addition to storage, containment buildings can be used for treatment of hazardous waste by
generators or TSDFs. Any method of treatment may be employed except for thermal treatment
processes.
As discussed above, liquid hazardous wastes may not be placed in containment buildings for
storage or treatment. When required as part of treatment to meet LDR, however, the addition of
liquids is permissible under certain conditions. If treatment of a hazardous waste requires the
addition of liquids, such treatment must be conducted in designated "liquid-proof areas within
the unit, and any excess liquids must be removed as soon as practicable to preserve the integrity
and effectiveness of the unit and the secondary containment system.
2.2 DESIGN STANDARDS
The performance standards for most hazardous waste management units vary depending on
whether the unit is permitted or is operating under interim status. In the regulations for
containment buildings, however, EPA promulgated virtually the same design and operating
criteria for both permitted and interim status units.
EPA wrote the standards for containment buildings to parallel those provided for hazardous
waste tanks. Design standards comprise a significant portion of the Subpart DD regulations, and
are crucial to protection of human health and the environment. These standards primarily consist
of requirements for structural soundness and specific measures to prevent infiltration of waste
into the unit or migration into the adjacent environment. Because of the importance of such
standards, before use, a professional engineer must certify that the unit is satisfactorily designed
and installed according to the specifications discussed below.
Section 264/265.110 l(a) detail the design standards to which the building itself must conform.
The containment building must be completely enclosed with walls, a floor, and a roof. The
floor, walls, and roof must be constructed of manmade materials possessing sufficient structural
strength to withstand movement of wastes, personnel, and heavy equipment within the unit.
Doors and windows need not meet these standards, but the building must be strategically
designed with interior walls and partitions to ensure that wastes do not come into contact with
them. Dust control devices, such as air-lock doors or negative air pressure systems (which pull
air into the containment building), must be used as necessary to prevent fugitive dust from
escaping through these building exits. All surfaces in the containment building that come into
contact with waste during treatment or storage must be chemically compatible with that waste.
Incompatible wastes that could cause unit failure cannot be placed in containment buildings.
The remaining containment building design standards establish a system of barriers between
hazardous wastes in the unit and the surrounding environment. The floor of the containment
building is considered the unit's primary barrier, since it is the first measure used to prevent
wastes from being released into the ground beneath the building. Construction materials vary
with the type of wastes to be managed in the containment building, but concrete floors are
typical. If liquids are not managed in the containment building, no further design criteria are
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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6 - Containment Buildings
applicable. Figure 3 summarizes the standards required for containment building design if no
liquids are to be managed in the unit.
Figure 3
CONTAINMENT BUILDING DESIGN STANDARDS
Regulated Portion
of Unit
Design Criteria (if no liquids are present)
Citations
Building
must be constructed of man-made materials
must provide sufficient structural strength to prevent
unit failure
must be completely enclosed (floor/walls/roof)
must have a decontamination area for personnel,
equipment, and vehicles
§264/265.1100(a)
§264/265.1101(a)(2)
§264/265.1101(a)(l)
§264/265.1101(c)(l)(iii)
Doors/Windows
must be placed so as not to come into contact with
waste
must have dust controls to minimize fugitive
emissions
§264/265.1101(a)(2)(ii)
§264/265.1101(a)(2)(i)
Contact Surfaces
must be chemically compatible with waste
§264/265.1101(a)(2)
Primary Barrier
(floor)
must be constructed of man-made material (typically
concrete)
must be structurally sound and chemically compatible
with waste
§264/265.1100(a)
§264/265.1101(a)(4)
If, however, the containment building is used to manage hazardous wastes containing free
liquids or if treatment to meet LDR treatment standards requires the addition of liquids, the unit
must be equipped with a liquid collection system, a leak detection system, and a secondary
barrier (§264/265.1101(b)). The floor should be sloped toward a sump, trough, or other liquid
collection device to minimize standing liquids in the containment building and to facilitate liquid
removal. A leak detection system must be constructed immediately beneath the unit's floor to
indicate any failure in the integrity of the floor and subsequent release of waste at the earliest
practicable time. A secondary barrier such as a liner must be constructed around the unit to
contain and to allow for rapid removal of any wastes escaping the primary barrier before such
wastes reach adjacent soils, surface water, or groundwater. As with the unit floor, the secondary
barrier must be structurally sound and chemically resistant to wastes and liquids managed in the
containment building. In buildings where only certain areas are delineated for management of
liquid-containing wastes, these secondary containment standards are mandatory only for "wet
areas," provided waste liquids cannot migrate to the "dry areas" of the containment building
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containment Buildings - 7
(§264/265.1101(d)). In view of the high cost of remediation, however, EPA recommends that
the entire unit be provided with secondary containment to guard against unanticipated releases.
Figure 4 summarizes the additional design criteria for containment buildings used to manage
liquids.
Figure 4
ADDITIONAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR
CONTAINMENT BUILDINGS MANAGING LIQUIDS
Regulated Portion
of Unit
Design Criteria (if liquids are present)
Citations
Primary
Barrier
must be sloped toward liquid collection device
§264/265.1101(b)(2)(i)
Liquid
Collection
System
must allow for removal of waste for proper RCRA
management
§264/265.1100(c)(3)
§264/265.1101(b)(2)
Leak Detection
System
must detect release of waste at earliest practicable
time
§264/265.1100(c)(3)
§264/265.1101(b)(3)
Secondary
Barrier
must be structurally sound and chemically resistant
to the waste
must contain and allow for removal of accumulating
wastes
is required only for "wet areas" within the unit, but
recommended for both "wet" and "dry areas"
§264/265.1101(b)(3)(iii)
§264/265.1101(b)(3)
§264/265.1101(d)
2.3 OPERATING STANDARDS
The owner or operator of each new or existing containment building must implement operating
controls and practices (§264/265.1101(c)). Containment building operating standards focus
primarily on maintenance and inspection of the unit, recordkeeping requirements, and provisions
for response to releases of hazardous waste.
As a matter of good housekeeping, the owner and operator of the unit must maintain the floor so
that it is free of significant cracks, corrosion, or deterioration. Surface coatings or liners that are
subject to wear from movement of waste, personnel or equipment must be replaced by the owner
and operator as often as needed. EPA placed certain limitations on how high hazardous waste
may be piled within containment buildings to ensure that no releases will occur should wastes
slide under their own weight. If the outer walls of the containment building are used to support
the piles of waste, hazardous waste cannot be piled higher than the portion of the wall that meets
the required design standards (also known as "containment walls") (§264/265.1101(c)(l)(ii)). If
a containment building has stalls or "crowd walls" that are used to segregate hazardous wastes
and these crowd walls prevent waste from contacting the containment walls at any time, EPA
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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i - Containment Buildings
does not limit the height of the piles of waste, as long as the owner and operator can assure that
the waste will always be contained within the building's containment walls.
Dust control devices must be maintained at all openings to prevent visible emissions from the
unit under routine operating or maintenance activities, including times when vehicles and
personnel enter or exit the unit. A decontamination area must be constructed within the
containment building, and site-specific decontamination procedures must be followed as
necessary to prevent waste from being tracked out of the unit on personnel or equipment.
Examples of possible decontamination activities include washing vehicles and equipment prior
to leaving the building, dedicating vehicles for use only within the unit, and requiring employees
to wear paper or cloth booties and coveralls which can be removed before exiting the
containment building. Under this controlled environment, wastes and associated rinsate can be
collected for proper waste management.
2.4 INSPECTIONS
Containment buildings must be inspected at least once every seven days, with all activities and
results recorded in the operating log (§264/265.1101(c)(4)). Such inspections involve evaluation
of unit integrity and visual assessment of adjacent soils and surface waters to detect any signs of
waste release. Data from monitoring or leak detection equipment should also be considered.
2.5 RESPONSE TO RELEASES
If a release is discovered during an inspection, the owner or operator must remove the affected
portion of the unit from service and take all appropriate steps for repair and release containment.
The implementing agency must be notified of the discovery and of the proposed schedule for
repair. Upon completion of all necessary repairs and cleanup, a qualified, registered,
professional engineer must verify that the plan submitted to the implementing agency was
followed. This verification need not come from an independent engineer.
2.6 CLOSURE
At closure of a containment building, all applicable provisions in Subparts G and H of Part
264/265 must be followed. More information on the closure requirements can be found in the
module entitled Closure and Post-Closure. Beyond these guidelines, §264/265.1102 requires
removal or decontamination of all associated waste residues, contaminated soils, and
contaminated system components and equipment (e.g., inner and outer building walls, filters
used in dust control systems, forklifts, and other vehicles used in the building). If it is
determined that not all contaminated soils can be removed or decontaminated, the unit will be
considered a landfill for purposes of closure, post-closure, and financial assurances, and must
follow the closure requirements in §264/265.310. Although closure as a landfill may be
necessary, the containment building regulations do not specifically mandate preparation of
contingent landfill closure and post-closure plans.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containment Buildings - 9
3. SPECIAL ISSUES
There are two issues that often recur within the containment building regulations. The first
results when small quantity generators choose to manage their waste in containment buildings
per the regulations in §262.34(a)(l)(iv). The other issue occurs when waste piles are converted
into containment buildings.
3.1 GENERATOR ACCUMULATION
Containment buildings may be used for temporary accumulation. Per the regulations in
§262.34(a)(l)(iv), a generator may accumulate hazardous waste in a containment building for up
to 90 days without a permit, provided the individual:
• complies with the technical standards in Part 265, Subpart DD
obtains certification from a professional engineer that the building conforms to the design
standards specified in §265.1101
• prepares a written description of the procedures used to ensure that wastes remain in the
unit for no more than 90 days
• maintains documentation that those procedures are followed.
As stated in §262.34(a)(l)(iv), generator accumulation containment buildings are exempt from
most of the closure and financial assurance requirements in Part 265, Subparts G and H.
Nevertheless, after the useful life of the building has expired, generators must close the unit in
accordance with §§265.111 and 265.114, which relate to the closure performance standard and
disposal or decontamination of equipment, structures, and soils.
Since §262.34(d) does not include a provision for use of these units, all generators of more than
100 kilograms of waste per month who manage wastes in containment buildings must comply
with the requirements applicable to large quantity generators in §262.34(a). Consequently, small
quantity generators using containment buildings do not have the 180 days of accumulation time
customarily afforded to a small quantity generator's tanks or containers. The maximum
generator accumulation time period in containment buildings is 90 days. Generators using
containment buildings must also comply with the large quantity generator requirements for
personnel training, development of a full contingency plan, and biennial reporting.
Conditionally exempt small quantity generators, however, are not subject to either the
containment building management standards or the time limit of 90 days.
3.2 CONVERSION OF WASTE PILES INTO CONTAINMENT
BUILDINGS
Another special issue concerns converting a waste pile into a containment building. TSDFs
operating indoor waste piles under the regulations in Part 264/265, Subpart L, may convert those
units to containment buildings by completing a few administrative actions. For permitted waste
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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10 - Containment Buildings
piles, the conversion to containment building status is accomplished through submittal of a
permit modification. Interim status waste piles may be converted to containment buildings only
after receiving approval from the Agency and submitting a revised permit application. After the
conversion, only the standards in Part 264/265, Subpart DD, would be applicable.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-K-05-010
Introduction to
Containers
(40 CFR Parts 264/265,
Subpartl;§261.7)
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
September 2005
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CONTAINERS
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary for Management of Containers 2
2.1 Applicability 2
2.2 Design Requirements 3
2.3 Operating Requirements 4
2.4 Inspections 5
2.5 Closure 5
2.6 Special Issues 6
3. Regulatory Summary of the Requirements for Empty Containers 7
3.1 Regulatory Standards 7
3.2 Special Issues: Aerosol Cans 8
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Containers - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Containers represent one of the most commonly used and diverse forms of units for hazardous
waste storage. Compared to tanks or surface impoundments, containers are less expensive and
generally less difficult to manage. Containers are also mobile, allowing an owner or operator to
use only one unit for storage, transportation, and disposal. Prior to regulation under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), however, containers were frequently
mismanaged or abandoned. When the abandoned containers became weathered or corroded, the
hazardous contents were released, posing a far-reaching danger to human health and the
environment.
This module reviews two sets of regulatory requirements for containers: requirements that
pertain to the management of hazardous waste containers and regulations governing residues of
hazardous waste in empty containers. The regulations covering management of hazardous waste
stored in containers are found in 40 CFR Part 264/265, Subpart I. These specific requirements
must be met by the owners and operators of treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs)
and generators who accumulate hazardous waste in containers.
The regulations regarding the management of empty containers and residues remaining in empty
containers are found in §261.7. These regulations set out procedures for establishing a container
as "empty." Since empty containers no longer contain hazardous waste, these regulations are
also used to determine when containers are no longer subject to the RCRA requirements.
When you have completed this module you will be able to apply the appropriate regulations
governing hazardous waste containers and specifically will be able to:
• find the definitions of "container" and "empty container" and provide examples and
citations for each
• provide an overview of the requirements for the design and operation of hazardous waste
containers
• explain the difference between the container standards set out in Part 264 and Part 265
• state the requirements for rendering a hazardous waste container "RCRA empty"
explain when container rinsate must be managed as a hazardous waste.
Use this list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you complete the training
session.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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2 - Containers
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY FOR MANAGEMENT OF CONTAINERS
Containers storing hazardous waste at permitted and interim status facilities are subject to the
general facility standards in Part 264/265, Subparts A through E, as well as the unit-specific
requirements in Part 264/265, Subpart I. See the training module entitled RCRA Treatment,
Storage, and Disposal Facilities for more information about the general facility standards.
When EPA promulgated the unit-specific requirements for hazardous waste containers, the
Agency emphasized that although mismanagement of containers has caused some of the worst
contamination, relatively few regulations would be needed to eliminate most of these problems.
These straightforward regulations are viewed simply as "good management practices." The
regulations for containers in Part 264/265, Subpart I, include provisions regarding design and
operating requirements, inspections, and closure. These requirements are designed to ensure that
the integrity of the container is not breached; thus, the same standards apply regardless of
whether the containers are used for treatment or storage.
Since the interim status standards in Part 265 are designed to regulate existing facilities until
they can comply with the permitted standards, certain portions of the container regulations for
interim status facilities are less stringent than those for permitted facilities. Specifically, the Part
265, Subpart I, regulations do not address requirements for secondary containment or closure,
whereas the standards in Part 264, Subpart I do. Therefore, the discussions of these standards
will only cite Part 264 standards.
The following is a summary of the regulations affecting containers used to treat or store
hazardous waste.
2.1 APPLICABILITY
Unless a container is specifically exempted from regulation in §264/ 265.1, all containers storing
hazardous waste must comply with the regulations found in Part 264/265, Subpart I. Hazardous
waste containers at generator sites must be in compliance with the Part 265 standards as well. A
container is any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, treated, disposed of, or
otherwise handled (§260.10). This definition is intentionally broad to encompass all the
different types of portable devices that may be used to handle hazardous waste. For example, a
container may be a 55-gallon drum made from steel or plastic, a large tanker truck, a railroad car,
a small bucket, or a test tube.
Storage means holding hazardous waste for a temporary period, at the end of which the
hazardous waste is treated, disposed of, or stored elsewhere. Again, this definition is made
intentionally broad to include any situation in which hazardous waste is held for any period of
time.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containers - 3
2.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The regulations governing the design of a container storage area are intended to ensure that the
waste will not escape the storage area. These regulations ensure that the owner or operator is
using a functional container and that the container will hold waste that is compatible with the
container itself and other wastes in the container. In addition, the containers must be placed in a
containment area designed to prevent releases from the containers from reaching the
environment. The following sections detail these requirements.
CONDITION OF CONTAINER
Containers that are deteriorating (e.g., cracked, rusted) or leaking must not be used. Waste
stored in defective containers must be transferred to containers in good condition or handled in
another way that satisfies the requirements in Part 264/265 (§264/265.171).
COMPATIBILITY WITH WASTE
Sections 264/265.172 and 264/265.177 regulate situations involving incompatible wastes. The
term incompatible waste refers to a hazardous waste which is unsuitable for (1) placement in a
container because it may cause corrosion or decay of the container or inner liner; or (2)
commingling with another waste or material under uncontrolled conditions because it might
produce heat or pressure, fire or explosion, violent reaction, toxic dusts, mists, fumes or gases, or
flammable fumes or gases (§260.10).
Containers used to store hazardous waste must be made of or lined with materials that will not
react with and are otherwise compatible with the waste in the container (§264/265.172).
Incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same container (§264/265.177).
This requirement includes unwashed containers that previously held an incompatible waste or
material. Incompatible wastes or materials can only be mixed in a manner that will not cause an
adverse reaction, such as an explosion or uncontrolled flammable fumes (§264/265.17(b)).
Appendix V in Part 264/265 provides a list of potentially incompatible wastes. The list is not
intended to be exhaustive. Adequate analysis should be performed to avoid creating
uncontrolled hazards such as heat generation, violent reaction, fire, explosion, and generation of
flammable or toxic gases.
CONTAINMENT
As mentioned in the summary, the regulations for containment only apply to permitted facilities,
not generators or facilities operating under interim status. In general, the interim status
regulations are less comprehensive because some of the regulations for permitted facilities
require the retrofit of equipment, which could place undue burden on the facilities. Therefore,
only permitted container storage areas must have a secondary containment system (§264.175(a)).
Secondary containment provides a backup system to prevent a release into the environment
should primary containment (i.e., the container) fail. This usually consists of a poured concrete
pad or other impervious base with curbing to prevent releases of hazardous waste into the
environment and to allow drainage of any accumulated liquid to a sump, tank, or other container.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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4 - Containers
Storage areas holding containers with no free liquids are not required to have secondary
containment systems provided that (1) the storage area is sloped or otherwise designed and
operated to remove precipitation; or (2) the containers are elevated or otherwise protected from
contact with accumulated liquid (§264.175(c)). Containers holding listed dioxin wastes (i.e.,
F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027) are not eligible for the exemption. Free liquids are
liquids that readily separate from the solid portion of a waste under ambient temperature and
pressure (§260.10). The Agency requires use of the Paint Filter Liquids Test (PFT), Method
9095, to determine whether sludges or semisolids contain free liquids (Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, provides information on
test methods).
Technical Requirements
At a minimum, the secondary containment system must meet certain criteria designed to ensure
that the waste will remain in the containment system until it is removed in a "timely" manner.
Specifically, the containment system must meet the following requirements:
The base must be free of cracks or gaps and must be sufficiently impervious to contain
leaks, spills, and accumulated precipitation (§264.175(b)(l)).
The base must be sloped or the system must be designed so that liquids resulting from
releases can drain and be removed. This is not necessary, however, if the container is
elevated (e.g., on pallets) or otherwise protected from contacting accumulated liquids
(§264.175(b)(2)).
The secondary containment system must have the capacity to contain at least 10 percent
of the volume of the containers or 100 percent of the volume of the largest container,
whichever is greater. If containers hold no free liquids, they do not have to be considered
in this calculation (§264.175(b)(3)).
• Stormwater run-on must be prevented from entering the system unless the collection
system has sufficient capacity to contain any run-on entering the system in addition to the
capacity requirements (§264.175(b)(4)).
• Any waste that has spilled or leaked into the secondary containment area or any
accumulated precipitation must be removed in as timely a manner as is necessary to
prevent overflow (§264.175(b)(5)).
2.3 OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
Even the most well-designed storage areas can fail if the containers and the waste are not
handled properly. When EPA promulgated the rules for container storage areas, the Agency
believed that the following operating guidelines would curtail the bulk of container
mismanagement in the United States. Note that although secondary containment is addressed
under the design
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containers - 5
requirements, there are also specific requirements to maintain the secondary containment
properly.
MANAGEMENT OF CONTAINERS
Containers holding hazardous waste must always be closed during storage, except when waste is
added or removed (§264/265.173). In addition, containers must not be handled, opened, or
stored in a manner that may cause them to leak.
IGNITABLE AND REACTIVE WASTES
Containers holding ignitable or reactive wastes must be located at least 15 meters
(50 feet) from the facility's property line (§264/265.176). This requirement is sometimes
referred to as the buffer zone requirement because it creates a zone of protection between waste
storage and adjoining properties. The general facility standards in §264/265.17(a) specify
additional requirements for ignitable and reactive wastes.
2.4 INSPECTIONS
At least once a week, container storage areas must be visually inspected for leaking and
deteriorating containers (§264/265.174). Recordkeeping requirements for inspections are
detailed in §264/265.15(d). The owner or operator must record inspections in a log, including
the date and time of the inspection, the name of the inspector, observations made, and the date
and nature of any repairs. These records must be kept for a minimum of three years from the
date of inspection.
2.5 CLOSURE
As mentioned in the regulatory summary, specific closure requirements for containers only apply
to permitted facilities. At closure, all hazardous waste and associated residues must be removed
from the container storage area. Remaining containers, liners, bases, and soil contaminated with
hazardous waste must be decontaminated or removed (§264.178).
Although no container closure requirements are in Part 265, Subpart I, the general closure
standards in Part 265, Subpart G, are applicable to interim status facilities (47 FR 2831; January
12, 1981). Section 265.114 requires that wastes be removed from storage facilities at closure
and that structures and equipment be disposed of or decontaminated.
At closure, the owner or operator must determine whether any solid waste (e.g., residues)
removed from the containment system is hazardous waste. If an owner or operator determines
the solid waste is hazardous waste, that individual is considered the generator of the waste and
must manage it in compliance with all applicable requirements in Parts 262 through 266.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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6 - Containers
2.6 SPECIAL ISSUES
In addition to those regulations heretofore discussed, there are two issues specific to containers
that are worthy of discussion. Containers are subject to certain air emissions standards, and there
are regulations that govern the addition of absorbent material to containers.
AIR EMISSIONS STANDARDS
On December 6, 1994, EPA published a final rule promulgating air emission standards for
containers, tanks, and surface impoundments at treatment, storage, and disposal facilities and
large quantity generator sites (59 FR 62896). This rule, as amended by the November 25, 1996
Federal Register (61 FR 59932), requires owners and operators of hazardous waste containers to
comply with Part 264/265, Subparts AA, BB, and CC, within specified time frames (§§264.179
and 265.178). EPA further revised the air emissions standards on December 8, 1997 (62 FR
64636), and January 21, 1999 (64 FR 3382). See the module entitled Air Emissions Standards
for more details about the Subpart AA, BB, and CC requirements.
ADDITION OF ABSORBENT MATERIAL TO CONTAINERS
Per §§264.1(g)(10) and 265.1(c)(13), the addition of absorbent material to waste in a container
or the addition of waste to absorbent material in a container, provided that these actions occur at
the time waste is first placed in the container, does not constitute treatment requiring interim
status or a permit. The absorbent treatment process must take place in a container with solid
structural integrity, and the waste, the absorbent material, and the container must be compatible.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containers - 7
3. REGULATORY SUMMARY OF THE EMPTY
CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS
The regulations in §261.7 define when hazardous waste residue in an empty container is exempt
from regulation. These regulations specify the requirements for rendering a container or inner
liner "empty." To distinguish between the usual meaning of the word "empty" and the strict
regulatory definition, the phrase "RCRA empty" is sometimes used. Any hazardous waste
remaining in either a RCRA empty container or inner liner is not subject to regulation under
RCRA Subtitle C. EPA promulgated these regulations to advise owners and operators how to
empty their containers so that the containers would no longer be subject to regulation, even if
some residues remain in the container. Therefore, these regulations allow an owner or operator
to reuse containers or inner liners meeting the provisions in §261.7, since the container is no
longer considered to hold hazardous waste.
3.1 REGULATORY STANDARDS
Throughout this section, there will be references to the term "inner liner." This term refers to a
continuous layer of material placed inside a tank or container that protects the construction
materials of the container from contact with the contained waste or reagents used to treat the
waste (§260.10). The following is a summary of the standards for rendering a container or inner
liner RCRA empty.
GASES
Containers holding compressed gases that are hazardous wastes are considered empty when the
pressure in the container approaches atmospheric pressure (§261.7(b)(2)).
ACUTELY HAZARDOUS WASTE
A container or inner liner of a container holding acutely hazardous waste (i.e., all P-listed wastes
and other hazardous wastes with the designated hazard code H) is empty when one of the
following conditions is met:
• the container has an inner liner that prevents contact with the container and the liner is
removed (§261.7(b)(3)(iii))
• the container has been triple rinsed with a solvent appropriate for removing the acutely
hazardous waste (§261.7(b)(3)(i))
• when triple rinsing is inappropriate, an alternate method is used (§261.7(b)(3)(ii)).
To date, EPA has not defined triple rinsing in the regulations or in interpretative guidance. The
rinsate is considered acutely hazardous waste according to the mixture rule; however, the act of
triple rinsing is not considered treatment (45 FR 78524, 78528; November 25, 1980).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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! - Containers
OTHER HAZARDOUS WASTE
A container or an inner liner removed from a container holding nonacute hazardous waste as
identified in Part 261, Subpart D, is empty when:
all wastes have been removed using practices commonly employed industry-wide to
remove wastes from containers or liners, such as pouring, pumping, aspirating, and
draining (§261.7(b)(l)(i)), and
• no more than 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) of material remains in the container or liner
• no more than 3 percent by weight of the container remains for containers with a capacity
of 110 gallons or less, and no more than 0.3 percent by weight remains for containers
with a capacity greater than 110 gallons (§261.7(b)(l)(iii)).
On March 4, 2005, EPA finalized changes to the 110 gallon container capacity to conform with
the DOT definition for bulk packaging that includes any container with a capacity greater than
119 gallons. Thus, this final rule modifies the regulations so that §261.7(b)(l)(iii) would define
a container as empty if no more than 3 percent by weight of the container remains for containers
with a capacity of 1 19 gallons or less, and no more than 0.3 percent by weight remains for
containers with a capacity greater than 1 19 gallons (70 FR 10776, 10815; March 4, 2005). This
final rule is effective September 6, 2005.
RESIDUES FROM EMPTY CONTAINERS
Residues remaining in a RCRA empty container are exempt from Subtitle C regulation.
Residues removed from a container that is not RCRA empty or that result from rendering a
container empty are fully subject to Subtitle C. Whether residues or rinsate from an empty
container that exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste are exempt or regulated is currently
under review by EPA.
3.2 SPECIAL ISSUES: AEROSOL CANS
A recurring issue within the container and empty container regulations is the puncturing or
venting of aerosol cans. The issue stems partly from the applicability of the empty container
regulations to aerosol cans and partly from the issue of whether the can itself is considered to be
part of the waste.
In general, aerosol cans are capable of holding either compressed gas or liquid. If the can is sent
for scrap metal recycling, the can and its contents are exempt from regulation as scrap metal per
§261.6(a)(3)(iii). The act of emptying the can may be an exempt recycling activity per
§261.6(c), and any residues from emptying the can would be regulated if they are listed or
exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste. If the can is sent for disposal, both the contents of
the can and the can itself are subject to regulation. To dispose of the aerosol can as
nonhazardous, the can must be RCRA empty according to §261.7, and the can itself must not
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Containers - 9
qualify as a hazardous waste. If the aerosol can is holding a compressed gas, it is unclear
whether the act of venting to render the can empty would constitute treatment. This question
must be answered by the appropriate EPA Region or authorized state.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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United States Solid Waste and
Environmental Protection Emergency Response
Agency (5305W)
EPA530-K-02-007I
October 2001
»EPA
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA
Call Center Training Module
Introduction to:
Definition of Solid Waste and
Hazardous Waste Recycling
(40 CFR§§261.2 and 261.9)
Updated October 2001
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DISCLAIMER
This document was developed by Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. under contract 68-W-01-020 to EPA.
It is intended to be used as a training tool for Call Center specialists and does not represent a
statement of EPA policy.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA s
regulations or policies. This document is used only in the capacity of the Call Center training and
is not used as a reference tool on Call Center calls. The Call Center revises and updates this
document as regulatory program areas change.
The information in this document may not necessarily reflect the current position of the Agency.
This document is not intended and cannot be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or
procedural, enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States.
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA Call Center Phone Numbers:
National toll-free (outside of DC area) (800) 424-9346
Local number (within DC area) (703) 412-9810
National toll-free for the hearing impaired (TDD) (800) 553-7672
The Call Center is open from 9 am to 5 pm Eastern Time,
Monday through Friday, except for federal holidays.
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DEFINITION OF SOLID WASTE AND
HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 2
2.1 Solid Waste Definition 2
2.2 Classification of Recycled Materials 5
2.3 Hazardous Waste Recycling Requirements 10
3. Special Issues 18
3.1 Refining Versus Reclamation 18
3.2 Recycling Process Not Regulated 18
3.3 Sham Recycling 18
4. Regulatory Developments 19
4.1 CRT Proposal 19
4.2 Zinc Fertilizers 19
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling -1
1. INTRODUCTION
As mandated by Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
EPA promulgated hazardous waste regulations in 1980 to ensure that wastes which
pose a threat to human health and the environment would be managed safely. In
order to be regulated as a hazardous waste under RCRA, a material must first be
classified as a solid waste. After confirming that a material is a solid waste, the
generator of the solid waste must determine if it is a hazardous waste. The
important concept to remember is that hazardous wastes are a subset of solid wastes.
In other words, a material cannot be classified as a hazardous waste if it is not within
the universe of solid wastes.
This module explains the statutory and regulatory definitions of solid waste,
including the standards governing the recycling and management of specific types of
waste.
When you have completed this module, you will be able to explain the definition of
solid waste in 40 CFR §261.2, as well as its relationship to the definition of hazardous
waste in §261.3. You will also become familiar with the regulations governing the
recycling of hazardous wastes, found in §261.6 and Parts 266, 273, and 279.
Use the following list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you
complete the training session:
• Explain and cite the regulatory and statutory definitions of solid waste
• Cite and use the table in §261.2 and the preamble to the January 4, 1985,
Federal Register (50 FR 614)
• List and cite three use/reuse scenarios where the materials are not solid
wastes and state the requirement for documentation
• List the conditions under which hazardous waste-derived products may be
excluded from regulation
• Discuss the special recycling standards for use constituting disposal, precious
metal recovery, and spent lead-acid batteries
• Discuss potential regulatory developments affecting the definition of solid
waste and hazardous waste recycling.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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2 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
Under RCRA Subtitle C, Congress granted EPA the authority to regulate hazardous
wastes. The principle objective of hazardous waste regulation is the protection of
human health and the environment. RCRA regulation is also intended to
encourage the conservation and recovery of valuable materials. The definition of
solid waste under RCRA, which serves as the starting point for the hazardous waste
management system, reflects EPA's effort to obtain the proper balance between these
two underlying objectives.
According to RCRA regulations, a material must be defined as a solid waste before it
can be considered a hazardous waste. The regulatory definition of solid waste,
found in §261.2(a), encompasses the following materials: (1) materials that are
abandoned; (2) materials that are recycled; (3) materials that are inherently waste-
like; and (4) waste military munitions. Materials that do not fall within one of these
categories are not subject to Subtitle C regulation.
Materials that are recycled are a special subset of the solid waste universe. When
recycled, some materials may qualify for an exclusion from the definition of solid
waste and fall out of RCRA regulation or be subject to less-stringent regulatory
controls. Based on the material and the type of recycling, the generator of a
recyclable solid waste must determine if it is subject to reduced requirements or full
regulation.
This module discusses the criteria found in the §261.2 definition of solid waste. It
also explains the range of RCRA Subtitle C management standards for different
types of hazardous waste recycling, as dictated by §261.6 and Parts 266, 273, and 279.
This range of management — from no regulation to full regulation — is essentially
based on the type of recycling activity involved and the hazards posed, and
demonstrates EPA's intent to encourage recycling while still protecting human
health and the environment.
2.1 SOLID WASTE DEFINITION
The statutory definition of a solid waste is not based on the physical form of the
material, (i.e., whether or not it is a solid as opposed to a liquid or gas), but on the
fact that the material is a waste. RCRA §1004(27) defines solid waste as:
Any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water
supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility, and other
discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained
gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and
agricultural operations and from community activities.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling - 3
The regulatory definition of solid waste, found in §261.2, is narrower than the
statutory definition. Under §261.2(a), a solid waste is any discarded material that is
not excluded by §261.4 (a) or that is not excluded by a regulatory variance.
Section 261.4 (a) specifically excludes certain materials from the definition of solid
waste, such as domestic sewage and special nuclear material covered by the Atomic
Energy Act (see the module entitled Solid and Hazardous Waste Exclusions).
Materials listed in §261.4 (a) are not solid wastes and so cannot be further classified as
hazardous waste. Other materials that would normally be classified as solid wastes
may qualify for exclusions from regulation if a generator petitions for a variance
from classification as a solid waste.
If a discarded material is not excluded by §261.4 or by a variance, it may meet the
definition of a solid waste. The basis of the solid waste definition is set forth in
§261.2, which defines a solid waste as a material that is discarded by being
abandoned, inherently waste-like, recycled, or a military munition identified as a
solid waste in §266.202.
ABANDONED
The term abandoned simply means thrown away. Under §261.2(b), a material is
abandoned if it is disposed of, burned, or incinerated. In addition, a material that is
stored prior to, or in lieu of, one of these activities, is also considered to be abandoned.
In addition to obvious examples of abandonment, such as land disposal, EPA also
includes activities such as incineration within the definition of the term (50 FR 627;
January 4, 1985).
INHERENTLY WASTE-LIKE
Some materials are always considered solid wastes under §261.2(d), even if they are
recycled in some manner (i.e., they are considered to be inherently waste-like).
Because these materials may pose a threat to human health and the environment
when they are recycled, they do not qualify for any recycling exemptions. Examples
of inherently waste-like materials are the dioxin-containing listed wastes F020, F022,
F023, F026 and F028. Hazardous waste meeting the F021 listing is also considered
inherently waste-like unless it is used at the site of generation as an ingredient in a
product.
In addition, any secondary materials that are characteristic or listed hazardous
wastes are considered to be inherently waste-like when they are fed to a halogen acid
furnace. This provision was added to ensure that halogen acid furnaces, which burn
some of the most toxic wastes generated in this country, would be regulated when
burning any type of hazardous waste (56 FR 7141; February 21, 1991). Note, there is
an exception for certain highly brominated materials burned in halogen acid
furnaces under certain conditions (§261.2(d)(2)).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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4 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
RECYCLING
A material is recycled if it is used, reused, or reclaimed (§261.1(c)(7)). These three
terms have specific regulatory definitions. A material is reclaimed if it is processed
to recover a usable product or if it is regenerated (e.g., regeneration of spent
solvents) (§261.1(c)(4)). A material is used or reused if it is either employed as an
ingredient in an industrial process to make a product (e.g., distillation bottoms from
one process used as feedstock in another process) or if it is employed as an effective
substitute for a commercial product (e.g., spent pickle liquor used as a sludge
conditioner in wastewater treatment) (§261.1(c)(5)).
Some materials that are recycled are classified as solid wastes, while others are
exempt from regulation. Section 261.2(c) designates as solid wastes certain materials
that are recycled in particular manners (i.e., used in a manner constituting disposal,
burned for energy recovery, reclaimed, and speculatively accumulated). Other
materials that are recycled through use or reuse of the material may qualify for
exemptions from the solid waste definition under §261.2(e).
MILITARY MUNITIONS
Over the years, the applicability of RCRA to military munitions has been the subject
of some controversy. On February 12, 1997, EPA finalized a rule that specified when
unused and used military munitions are considered discarded and become solid
wastes (62 FR 6622). Unused military munitions become solid wastes when the
munitions are removed from storage for disposal or treatment prior to disposal;
when the munitions are leaking or deteriorated so that they cannot be recycled or
reused; or when declared a solid waste by an authorized military official. Unused
munitions that are repaired, recycled, or reclaimed, are not considered solid wastes,
nor are they considered solid wastes while in storage in demilitarization accounts
(e.g., scheduled for treatment or disposal). Only when these munitions are finally
removed from storage for the purposes of disposal do they become solid wastes.
Used military munitions become solid wastes when they are buried or landfilled on-
site, or when they are removed from their landing spot for subsequent management
(storage, reclamation, treatment, or disposal) off-range. Note that munitions that
have been used for their intended purpose (e.g., fired munitions or munitions used
in training exercises) are not considered solid wastes when they land on a firing
range, because landing on the ground is part of their intended use (rather than
disposal). Once these military munitions are collected and sent off-site for further
management, however, they become solid and potentially hazardous wastes.
Standards applicable to military munitions are codified in Part 266, Subpart M.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling - 5
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RECYCLED MATERIALS
As stated above, one way a material may meet the definition of a solid waste in
§261.2 is if it is recycled in a certain manner. When a material is recycled, its
regulatory classification (i.e., whether or not it is a solid waste, and potentially a
regulated hazardous waste) depends on two factors: first, what type of secondary
material is being recycled; and second, what type of recycling is occurring. The
following discussion describes the three types of recycling regulated in §261.2(c), and
notes the various exclusions associated with specific types of secondary materials
when they are recycled in certain ways. Depending on these determinations, a waste
destined for recycling may or may not be regulated.
SECONDARY MATERIALS
A secondary material is a material that potentially can be a solid and hazardous
waste when recycled (50 FR 616; January 4, 1985). Used or residual waste-like
materials are called secondary materials and are divided into five groups. Table 1 of
§261.2(c) lists five types of secondary materials: spent materials, sludges, by-products,
commercial chemical products, and scrap metal. All waste-like materials fit into
one of these five secondary material categories, which are discussed below.
Spent Materials
Spent materials, as defined in §261.1(c)(l), are those used materials that can no
longer serve the purpose for which they were produced without undergoing
regeneration, reclamation, or reprocessing. Examples include spent solvents, spent
activated carbon, spent catalysts, and spent acids (50 FR 624; January 4, 1985).
Sludges
A sludge is any solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated from a wastewater
treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control device (e.g.,
baghouse dust). Table 1 contains two sludge categories: those sludges listed on the F
or K lists (e.g., F037 petroleum refinery oil/water/solids separation sludge), and
those exhibiting a hazardous characteristic under Part 261, Subpart C.
By-Products
A by-product as defined in §261.1(c)(3) is a material that is not one of the primary
products of a production process and is not solely or separately produced by the
production process. An example is a distillation column bottom. A by-product is a
catch-all term, and includes most wastes that are not spent materials or sludges (50
FR 618; January 4, 1985). There are two types of by-product categories in Table 1:
those listed (e.g., wood preserving wastewaters — K001), and those exhibiting a
hazardous characteristic.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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6 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
Commercial Chemical Products
Commercial chemical products (CCPs) include unused chemical intermediates, off-
specification variants, and spill or container residues, as defined in §261.33 (e.g.,
unused sodium cyanide). The definition of CCP, which is also part of the hazardous
waste identification process for P- or U-listed wastes, is expanded for the purposes of
defining a material as a solid waste. For this purpose, the term CCP also includes
chemicals that are not listed in §261.33 but exhibit a hazardous characteristic (e.g.,
off-specification jet fuel) (50 FR 14219: April 11, 1985), as well as other unused
commercial products that exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste, even though
they are not commonly considered chemicals (e.g. unused circuit boards, unused
batteries).
Scrap Metal
Scrap metal is defined as bits and pieces of metal parts that are worn or superfluous
(e.g., scrap turnings and wire) (§261.1(c)(6)). This term also includes products made
of metal that become worn out such as scrap automobiles and radiators (50 FR 624;
January 4, 1985). Excluded scrap metal (processed scrap metal, unprocessed home
scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal) is not a secondary material
because it is excluded from the definition of solid waste under §261.4(a)(13).
TYPES OF RECYCLING
There are three types of recycling activities over which EPA currently asserts
jurisdiction: use constituting disposal, burning waste fuels, and reclamation.
As stated previously, to determine whether a material is a solid waste, you
must determine what kind of material is being recycled. Once the type of
secondary material (e.g., spent material, sludge, or scrap metal) is known, the
manner in which it is recycled will determine whether or not the material is
a solid waste and therefore potentially regulated as a hazardous waste. A
fourth type of recycling, direct use/reuse, is not regulated under RCRA.
Use Constituting Disposal
Directly placing wastes or products containing wastes on the land is
considered to be use constituting disposal (§261.2(c)(l) and 50 FR 627; January
4, 1985). If, however, direct placement of a CCP on the land is consistent with
its normal use (e.g., pesticides), then the material is not regulated as a solid
waste (§261.2(c)(l)(ii)). For example, heptachlor can potentially be a P-listed
waste. This pesticide is not regulated as a solid waste, however, when it is
used as a pesticide.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling - 7
Burning Waste Fuels
Burning hazardous waste for energy recovery and using waste to produce a fuel are
both covered under burning waste fuels (§261.2(c)(2) and 50 FR 630; January 4, 1985).
CCPs that are themselves fuels are not considered solid wastes when burned,
however, since burning is consistent with the product's intended use
§261.2(c)(2)(ii)). For example, off-specification jet fuel is not a solid waste when it is
burned for energy recovery because it is itself a fuel.
Reclamation
As discussed above, reclamation is the regeneration of wastes or recovery of usable
materials from wastes (e.g., regenerating spent solvents in a solvent still). Wastes
are regenerated when they are processed to remove contaminants in a way that
restores them to their usable condition (50 FR 633; January 4, 1985).
Use/ Reuse
The direct use or reuse of a secondary material without prior reclamation is also a
form of recycling. Section 261.2(e)(l) provides exclusions from the definition of
solid waste for materials that are directly used or reused in one of the following
ways: used or reused as an ingredient, used or reused as a product substitute, or
returned to the production process.
• Used As An Ingredient
If a secondary material is directly used as an ingredient in a production process
without first being reclaimed (e.g., carbon tetrachloride still bottoms used in
producing tetrachloroethylene), then that material is not a solid waste
• Used As A Product Substitute
If a secondary material is used as an effective substitute for a commercial product
without first being reclaimed (e.g., hydrochloric acid by-product from chemical
manufacturing used by the steel industry for pickling steel), it is exempt from the
definition of solid waste (§261.2(e)(l)(ii)).
• Returned To The Production Process
When a material is returned to the original production process from which it
was generated, it is not a solid waste (§261.2(e)(l)(iii)). This exclusion only
applies if the material is used as a raw material or feedstock in the production
process and if it is not reclaimed prior to its reintroduction into the system (e.g.,
emission control dust returned directly to a primary zinc smelting furnace). The
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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8 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
material does not have to be returned to the exact unit, but may be returned to
any unit associated with the production of a particular product (50 FR 619, 640;
January 4, 1985). Material returned to a secondary process must be managed
without placement on the land.
There are certain situations where use or reuse of a material without prior
reclamation is still considered to be management of a solid waste. Section 261.2(e)(2)
designates as solid wastes the following materials, even if they are used or reused
directly: materials used in a manner constituting disposal; materials burned for
energy recovery, used to produce a fuel, or contained in fuels; materials
accumulated speculatively; and dioxin-containing wastes considered inherently
waste-like (F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F028). For example, an F002 spent
solvent is used in the formulation of a pesticide, without prior reclamation. While
this particular waste is recycled without reclamation (a condition of §261.2(e)(l)), it
would not qualify for the exclusion because the manner in which it is recycled is one
of the activities listed in §261.2(e)(2).
SPECULATIVE ACCUMULATION
Certain materials are exempt from the definition of solid waste in §261.2 when
destined for recycling (see Table 1). In order to ensure these materials are actually
recycled, EPA established a provision in §261.2 that penalizes facilities that recycle
insufficient amounts of these materials. This provision designates as solid wastes
certain materials that are accumulated speculatively. A material is accumulated
speculatively if it has no viable market (50 FR 634; January 4, 1985) or if the person
accumulating the material cannot demonstrate that 75 percent or more of the
material is recycled in a calendar year, commencing on January 1 (§261.1(c)(8)). For
example, on December 15, 1991, a facility generates 200 kg of D008 sludge, a
characteristic sludge that is normally excluded from the definition of solid waste
when reclaimed. The facility has this entire quantity of D008 sludge in storage on-
site on January 1, 1992. If by the end of that calendar year (December 31, 1992), less
than 75 percent (i.e., less than 150 kg) of the sludge has been reclaimed or sent off-
site for reclamation, the sludge has been accumulated speculatively and no longer is
excluded from the definition of solid waste. Once it is a solid waste, it must be
managed as a hazardous waste since it exhibits a characteristic. In other words,
while providing incentives for recycling by excluding certain hazardous wastes from
the definition of solid waste, EPA is ensuring that legitimate quantities of the waste
are being recycled rather than simply being stored to avoid regulation.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling - 9
Table 1
Spent Materials
Sludges listed in
40 CFR §§261.31
or 261.32
Sludges
exhibiting a
characteristic
By-products
listed in 40 CFR
§§261.31 or
261.32
By-products
exhibiting a
characteristic
Commercial
Chemical
Products listed in
40 CFR §261. 33
Scrap Metal
other than
excluded scrap
metal (see
§261.1(c)(9))
Use Constituting Disposal
§261.2(c)(l)
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES*
YES
Energy Recovery/ Fuel
§261.2(c)(2)
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES**
YES
Reclamation
§261.2(c)(3)
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
Once the type of secondary material and the recycling method are known, you can determine whether
the material will be a solid waste according to §261.2(c) and therefore possibly a hazardous waste.
Materials that are solid wastes when recycled in a particular manner are marked with a "YES" in that
column; materials that are not solid wastes when recycled in that manner are marked with a "NO."
* Commercial products are not solid wastes when applied to the land if that is their normal use.
* * Commercial products are not solid wastes when burned for energy recovery if they are already fuels
or normal constituents of fuels.
DOCUMENTATION OF CLAIMS
A person claiming that a waste is not a solid waste or that a waste is conditionally
exempt from regulation (e.g., because it is recycled in accordance with §261.2(e))
must be prepared to demonstrate that the conditions for the exclusion are being met.
In the case of an enforcement action, generators must provide documentation
supporting their claim, such as proof the material is being reused in a production
process or that there is a known market for the material (§261.2(f)).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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10 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
SUMMARY OF SOLID WASTE DEFINITION
A solid waste is a material of any physical form (e.g., contained gas, solid, or liquid)
that is being discarded by meeting any of the following conditions:
• The material is abandoned via disposal or incineration
• The material is inherently waste-like (e.g., dioxin-containing wastes)
• The material is recycled in specific ways that are considered waste
management (i.e., burning for energy recovery, reclamation, use constituting
disposal)
• The material is a military munition identified as a solid waste in §266.202.
In summary, if a material has been classified as a solid waste (thus not meeting any of
the solid waste exclusions or exemptions), the next step in the hazardous waste
identification process is to determine if the solid waste meets the definition of a
hazardous waste.
2.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING REQUIREMENTS
RCRA Subtitle C has jurisdiction over hazardous waste recycling. Hazardous wastes
that are recycled are known as recyclable materials. When a material is classified as
a solid waste because it is recycled (and does not qualify for any exemptions in
§261.2(e)) and it meets the definition of a hazardous waste, §§261.6 and 261.9 are used
to determine the level of regulation placed on the waste and the recycling activity.
These standards range from no regulation to full regulation, with the amount of
regulation depending on the type of material and manner of recycling (see Figure 1).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling -11
Figure 1
ANALYSIS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING REQUIREMENTS
Is hazardous waste
recycling activity listed in
/261.6(a)(2)?
NO
Is hazardous waste
recycling activity listed in
/261.6(a)(3)?
NO
Is hazardous waste
recycling activity listed
in/261.6(a)(4)?
NO
Is hazardous waste
being exported or
imported fom OECD
countries for the
purposes of recovery?
NO
Fully regulated under
^261.6(b), (c), &(d)
YES
YES
YES
YES
Subject to special
standards under
Part 266, Subparts C-H
and applicable provisions
in Part 270 & Part 124
(i.e., permitting).
Recyclable material
exempt from regulation
See Part 279,
Used Oil Standards
See Part 262,
Subpart H
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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12 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
SPECIAL RECYCLING STANDARDS IN §261.6(a)(2)
The recyclable materials listed in §261.6(a)(2) are subject to regulation under Part 266,
which provides special standards for hazardous wastes recycled in certain ways.
These materials include the following:
• Recyclable materials used in a manner constituting disposal (Subpart C)
• Recyclable materials from which precious metals are reclaimed (Subpart F)
• Spent lead-acid batteries that are being reclaimed (Subpart G)
• Hazardous waste burned for energy recovery (Subpart H).
Use Constituting Disposal
Part 266, Subpart C, regulates recyclable materials that are placed on the land either
directly or after mixing with other materials. This type of reuse of a recyclable
material is regulated as land treatment or landfilling when the material being
applied to the land is a hazardous waste or contains a hazardous waste. The Agency
regulates the placement of hazardous secondary materials on the land due to the
similarity of this practice to simple land disposal.
Under §266.20(b), commercial hazardous waste-derived products are not regulated
when recycled by application to the land, provided the products meet the following
three conditions: (1) they are made for the general public's use; (2) they have
undergone a chemical reaction so as to be inseparable by physical means; and (3)
they meet applicable Part 268 land disposal restrictions treatment standards.
Examples of such products may include asphalt and cement. Also, commercial
fertilizers produced from mixing recyclable material containing nutrients or
micronutrients with other ingredients are exempt from regulation if they meet the
Part 268 land disposal treatment standards for each recyclable material they contain.
Zinc-containing fertilizers produced from hazardous waste K061 for the general
public's use, however, are not subject to regulation and thus are not required to
meet Part 268 treatment standards. If a material does not meet the conditions in
§266.20(b), it must be managed as a hazardous waste when applied to the land, a
result that effectively prohibits placement on the land in anything but a hazardous
waste landfill.
Under §266.21, the management of these recyclable materials prior to being used in a
manner constituting disposal is fully regulated as hazardous waste management.
Generators and transporters of these materials, therefore, are subject to Part 262
(generator) and Part 263 (transporter) regulations, and to RCRA §3010 notification
procedures for obtaining EPA identification numbers. Under §266.22, facility owners
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling -13
and operators who are not the ultimate users of the materials are also subject to
notification requirements and applicable Parts 264/265 facility standards.
Owners or operators of facilities that use recyclable materials in a manner
constituting disposal are subject to RCRA §3010 notification and applicable Parts
264/265 facility standards. Products meeting the requirements under §266.20(b) as
described above are the sole exception.
In addition to the above regulations on use constituting disposal, additional
restrictions may apply to the placement of hazardous waste on the land. The
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA) amended RCRA §3004(1)
to prohibit use of waste oil, used oil, or other materials contaminated with
hazardous waste (other than waste hazardous for ignitability only) for dust
suppression or road treatment. This prohibition was effective November 8, 1984
(§§266.23(b) and 279.82).
Precious Metal Reclamation
Subpart F of Part 266 applies to recyclable materials from which precious metals are
recovered (i.e., gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, and
ruthenium). Generators, transporters, and storers of recyclable materials intended
for precious metal recovery are subject to notification under RCRA §3010 and
manifest requirements under Part 262, Subpart B (for generators), §§263.20 and
263.21 (for transporters), and §§265.71 and 265.72 (for storers).
While hazardous wastes that will be reclaimed for their precious metal content are
exempt from much of the Subtitle C regulations, these materials lose any applicable
exemptions if they are accumulated speculatively, and become subject to all
applicable requirements under Parts 262 and 264/265. The provisions barring
speculative accumulation are set out in §266.70(c). To document that speculative
accumulation is not occurring, generators must keep records showing the volume
of materials on hand at the beginning of the calendar year, the amount of materials
generated or received during the calendar year, and the amount of waste remaining
at the end of the calendar year.
Although the storage of recyclable materials that will be reclaimed for their precious
metal content is not normally subject to Subtitle C regulation, under §§260.40 and
260.41, the Regional Administrator may regulate storage of precious metal wastes on
a case-by-case basis if the wastes are not being stored safely. This case-by-case
regulation subjects the generator or storer/recycler to §§261.6(b) and (c) (full
regulation) rather than Part 266, Subpart F.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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14 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
Spent Lead-Acid Battery Reclamation
Part 266, Subpart G, covers spent lead-acid batteries that will be reclaimed. These
provisions apply only to spent lead-acid batteries. Under Subpart G, the
requirements focus on storage of the batteries by persons who reclaim the batteries.
Persons who generate, transport, regenerate, collect, and/or store spent lead-acid
batteries without reclaiming them are not subject to hazardous waste regulation.
According to §266.80(b), owners or operators of facilities that store spent batteries
before recycling are subject to §§266.80(b)(l)-(4). Storers must comply with §3010
notification, and all applicable provisions in Part 264/265, Subparts A through L.
The exceptions are §264.13 (waste analysis plan) and §§264.71 and 264.72 (use of the
manifest requirements). The permitting requirements of Parts 270 and 124 are also
applicable.
Burning Hazardous Waste
Part 266, Subpart H, governs hazardous waste burned for energy recovery in boilers
and industrial furnaces as defined in §260.10. Originally, these units were
considered to be exempt recycling units (50 FR 631; January 4, 1985). EPA
determined, however, that there was a need for regulatory action to control this type
of burning. The Agency promulgated these regulations on February 21, 1991 (56 FR
7134). In addition, on September 30, 1999, EPA published the MACT (Maximum
Achievable Control Technologies) Final Rule which promulgated emission
standards for hazardous waste burning cement kilns and lightweight aggregate kilns
(LWAKs) (64 FR 52827). These requirements are presented in the module entitled
Hazardous Waste Combustion.
EXEMPT RECYCLABLE MATERIALS IN §261.6(a)(3)
Certain recyclable materials are exempt from hazardous waste regulation under
§261.6(a)(3) when recycled in specific ways. These materials are exempt from the
notification requirements of RCRA §3010, 40 CFR Parts 262 through 266, and Parts
268, 270, and 124. All of these materials meet the definition of a solid waste and
hazardous waste, but are not required to be managed as hazardous wastes if recycled
according to the provisions in §261.6(a) (3).
Industrial Ethyl Alcohol
Industrial ethyl alcohol that is reclaimed is exempted from RCRA Subtitle C
regulation because the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms already regulates it
from the point of generation to redistillation (§261.6(a) (3) (i) and 50 FR 649; January 4,
1985).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling -15
Scrap Metal
Scrap metal other than excluded scrap metal that is disposed of or reclaimed is a
solid waste under the definition of hazardous waste (§261.2); however, it is
exempted from Subtitle C regulation when it is reclaimed (§261.6(a) (3) (ii)). As was
mentioned earlier, scrap metal is defined as bits and pieces of metal parts or metal
pieces that may be bolted together with bolts or soldering, which when worn or
superfluous can be recycled. Examples of scrap metal are scrap automobiles, machine
turnings, pieces of wire, sheets of metal, and scrap radiators (50 FR 624; January 4,
1985). When these materials are recycled to recover their metal content, they are
exempted from regulation.
Waste-Derived Fuels from Refining Processes
Fuels produced by refining oil-bearing hazardous wastes, along with normal process
streams at a petroleum refining facility, are exempt under §261.6(a)(3)(iii) if such
wastes resulted from normal petroleum refining, production, and transportation
practices. For these wastes to be considered to be "refined," they must be inserted
into a part of the process designed to remove contaminants; this would typically
mean insertion prior to distillation. Consequently, if a facility takes an oil-bearing
hazardous waste and processes it without distillation to produce a fuel, the resulting
fuel is not covered by this exemption.
Waste-Derived Fuels and Oils That Are Not Refined
Fuels produced at a petroleum refinery from oil-bearing hazardous wastes that are
introduced into the refining process after the distillation step, or that are
reintroduced in a process that does not include distillation, may also be exempt
under §§261.6(a) (3) (iv) (A) and (B). Since these hazardous waste do not undergo a
distillation step that would ensure contaminant removal, the resulting fuel must
meet the used oil specifications in §266.40(e) to meet this exemption.
Oil that is reclaimed from oil-bearing hazardous wastes generated by petroleum
refining, production, and transportation practices is exempted under §261.6(a)(3)(iv)(C).
This exemption applies to oil that is burned as a fuel without reintroduction into the
refining process, provided it meets the used oil specifications in §266.40(e).
MANAGEMENT STANDARDS FOR RECYCLING IN §§261.6(b), (c) AND (d)
Recyclable materials that do not meet an exemption or that are not subject to special
requirements are regulated under §§261.6(b), (c), and (d). Generators and
transporters of recyclable materials that are solid and hazardous wastes are subject to
the same regulations as other generators and transporters of hazardous waste.
Facilities that store these materials prior to recycling are subject to the applicable
TSDF standards. As discussed below, however, the recycling process itself is not
subject to regulation.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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16 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
Generators and Transporters
Generators of recyclable hazardous wastes are required to follow all the applicable
requirements of Part 262 (§261.6(b)). Likewise, transporters of recyclable materials
must comply with Part 263 standards.
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities
Owners or operators of facilities that store hazardous materials prior to recycling are
subject to all of the requirements of treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(§261.6 (c)). In other words, storage is fully regulated. Pursuant to §261.6(c)(2),
however, if the recyclable material is not stored before reuse or recycling but put
immediately into the reuse/recycling unit, a storage permit or interim status may
not be necessary. The facility must only obtain an EPA ID number and comply with
the manifest requirements under §§265.71-265.72 and §265.76.
An important component to §261.6(c) is that while storage of a hazardous waste is
regulated, the recycling process itself is generally exempt from RCRA regulation,
including permitting requirements. (The one exception is that the unit may have to
comply within some air emission regulations that are discussed below.) State
hazardous waste regulations and other federal or state environmental laws or
regulations may be applicable.
As mentioned above, the recycling units are potentially subject to air emission
standards, if located at a permitted or interim status treatment, storage, or disposal
facility (§261.6(d)). Part 264/265, Subparts AA and BB, require air emission controls
for specific units that manage waste with a minimum organic content. If recycling
units meet these criteria, the units would need to comply with the appropriate
regulations. The Subpart CC air emissions standards do not apply to recycling units.
MANAGEMENT STANDARDS FOR USED OIL AND UNIVERSAL WASTE
There are two additional categories of wastes that have special recycling regulations.
The first category is used oil sent for recycling. When recycled, used oil is subject to
the standards found in Part 279 (§261.6(a) (4)). Universal wastes comprise the second
category of wastes subject to special standards. Hazardous waste batteries, hazardous
waste pesticides that are recalled or sent to a collection program, hazardous waste
thermostats, and hazardous waste lamps are subject to the standards of Part 273
(§261.9) when recycled or disposed.
Used Oil
Used oil represents a rather unusual case. Because EPA introduced a new used oil
management program in 1992 to replace the existing standards, there are
overlapping sets of regulations. Under the existing program, which EPA
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling -17
promulgated in 1985, used oil burned for energy recovery is subject to the standards
of Part 266, Subpart E. Under the new program, used oil being recycled in any
manner is subject to the standards of Part 279 (§261.6(a) (4)). The relationship
between these two programs and the used oil management requirements are
discussed in detail in the module entitled Used Oil.
Universal Waste
On May 11, 1995 (60 F_R 25492), EPA promulgated regulations which streamline the
collection of certain hazardous wastes. The rule, known as the "Universal Waste
Rule," creates special management standards in Part 273 for hazardous waste
batteries, hazardous waste pesticides that are either recalled or collected in waste
pesticide collection programs, and hazardous waste thermostats. Section 261.9
requires that these wastes be managed under Part 273, regardless of whether they are
sent for disposal or for recycling. The rule also contains provisions for adding other
wastes to the universal waste system. On July 6, 1999 (64 FR 36466), EPA published a
final rule which added hazardous waste lamps to the universal waste regulations in
Part 273. Examples of common universal waste lamps include fluorescent, high
intensity discharge, neon, mercury vapor high-pressure sodium, and metal halide
lamps (§273.9).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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18 - Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling
3. SPECIAL ISSUES
Some areas of the solid and hazardous waste recycling regulations can be difficult to
master. The topics discussed below are often misunderstood by callers and should
be thoroughly understood by Information Specialists.
3.1 REFINING VERSUS RECLAMATION
There is often uncertainty about when a reclamation process is complete and when
the recycled material is a final product rather than a partially reclaimed material.
Sometimes a product must be further purified to be sold or used, and this is viewed
as refining or purification of the product, and not reclamation. When in doubt, the
generator must consult the appropriate EPA Regional or authorized state personnel.
3.2 RECYCLING PROCESS NOT REGULATED
In general, the actual recycling activity and treatment prior to recycling are not
regulated. Thus, only storage prior to such recycling is regulated. If the waste is not
stored prior to recycling, the recycler only needs to notify of the activity and comply
with the use of the manifest when receiving shipments of recyclable materials from
off-site (§261.6 (c) (2)).
3.3 SHAM RECYCLING
For all recycling activities, the premise is that legitimate reclamation or reuse is
taking place. To encourage recycling, EPA subjects these activities to reduced
regulation. Some facilities, however, may claim that they are "recycling" a material
in order to avoid being subject to RCRA regulation, when in fact the activity is not
legitimate recycling. Therefore, EPA has established guidelines for what constitutes
legitimate recycling and has described activities it considers to be "sham recycling."
Considerations include whether the secondary material is effective for the claimed
use, whether the secondary material is used in excess of the amount necessary, and
whether or not the facility has maintained records of the recycling transactions
(Memo, Lowrance to Regions; April 26, 1989).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling -19
4. REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
The definition of solid waste has changed substantially since the promulgation of
the original RCRA regulations in 1980, and continues to evolve as EPA gathers
more information about solid waste management and recycling. Currently, EPA is
considering amending several aspects of the solid waste regulatory scheme.
4.1 CATHODE RAY TUBES AND OTHER ELECTRONIC
MATERIAL
Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) are the display components of televisions and computer
monitors. A typical CRT is composed of specialized glass that often contains lead to
protect the user from X-rays inside the CRT. Color CRTs often fail the TCLP for lead,
thus subjecting them to hazardous waste regulations when discarded. Non-CRT
electronic materials could also be subject to hazardous waste regulations when
discarded if they exhibit a hazardous characteristic. However, whole used circuit
boards are considered scrap metal when sent for reclamation, and therefore exempt
from regulation under RCRA. In addition, shredded circuit boards are generally
excluded from the definition of solid waste (62 FR 25998; May 12, 1997 and 63 FR
28559; May 26, 1998). In late 2001, EPA plans to propose streamlined management
requirements for CRTs that are recycled.
4.2 ZINC FERTILIZERS
On November 28, 2000, EPA proposed to revise the existing regulations that apply to
recycling of hazardous wastes to make zinc fertilizer products (65 FR 70954). This
proposal would establish a more consistent regulatory framework for the recycling
of hazardous waste into fertilizer products, and establish conditions for excluding
hazardous secondary materials from the definition of solid waste. Specifically, the
Agency proposed two conditional exclusions from the definition of solid waste for
secondary materials that are recycled to make zinc micronutrient fertilizers or zinc
fertilizer ingredients. The first proposed exclusion will allow generators of
secondary materials and manufacturers of waste-derived zinc fertilizers to take
advantage of reduced storage, transportation, and notification requirements. The
Agency also proposed to set new standards for hazardous waste-derived fertilizers
based on contaminant levels that can be readily achieved using common
manufacturing practices. EPA is currently evaluating public comment on this rule.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction used for Call Center training purposes.
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&EPA
Unirpd States
Environmental Projection
Agency
20T-1004
Revised
September 1990
Pesticides And Toxic Substances (H-753GC) _
Pesticides In
Drinking-Water Wells
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
Contents
Pesticides In Drinking-Water Wells 1
What Are Pesticides? How Are They Regulated? 2
How Do Pesticides Get Into Drinking-Water Wells? 4
Do Pesticides in Drinking Water Pose A Health Concern?... 5
EPA's Health Advisory Guidance 6
"Is My Well Water Safe To Drink?" 7
Testing And Retesting 7
Taking Action 8
Where Can I Get More Information? 11
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Pesticides In
Drinking-Water Wells
This booklet is intended for
people who drink water that
comes from a well and who are
concerned that pesticides may be
present in their drinking water.
The booklet provides a step-by-step
explanation of how pesticides can
enter drinking-water wells, the
types of health concerns that
pesticides can pose, advice on
testing your water supplies, and
actions that can be taken if
contamination is found. Sources of
further information and assistance
are listed at the back of the
booklet.
Nearly half of all Americans get
their drinking water from private
or community wells that tap
ground water. Our dependence on
ground water to meet drinking
water needs is growing.
Withdrawal of ground water is
increasing at twice the rate of
surface water, and this trend is
expected to continue. In some rural
areas, ground water accounts for
up to 95 percent of the water used
for domestic purposes.
Until the late 1970s, it was
generally believed that ground
water was fairly well protected
from pesticide contamination by
layers of topsoil, subsoil, rock, and
clay. Nevertheless, pesticides can
enter ground water. When that
happens, there may be a potential
risk to the health of those who
drink and use that water.
In response to this potential
threat, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has
undertaken a number of activities.
The pesticides EDB and DBCP have
been banned based on health
:oncerns and evidence that they
leach into ground water; regulatory
measures are under development
for Aldicarb; and in 1988, EPA
proposed a strategy for
"Agricultural Chemicals in Ground
Water." Numerous drinking water
standards and guidelines are being
established for pesticides. In
addition, in a major effort to
determine the extent of the
problem of pesticides in drinking
water wells, EPA has undertaken a
National Pesticide Survey of
drinking water wells.
Ground water is the vast underground
accumulation of water reservoirs that
supplies wells and springs. Geologic
formations containing ground water are
called aquifers.
Bedrock
-------
The
National Pesticide
Survey
The National Pesticide Survey
was the first study of its kind to,
be conducted on a national; scale;
, Between 1988 and 1990,1,350
.Dwells located in all 50 states were
^sampled for over 100 'pesticides as
; well as nitrates and idtrttes. •
Results of the survey will
indicate to what extent private
and community wells across the
nation are contaminated with , ,
,_ pesticides. Survey 'data will ateo
, yield information on the
. characteristics of the wells tested;
the hydrogedlogical vulnerability
of areas surrounding each weft;
and patterns of pesticide aM
. fertilizer usage in nearby areas".
This information is critical for
improving our understanding of
, how pesticide use and
': gpound-watet conditions affect
;; drinking water, sources and, m
"•'turn, will help 1PA regulate the
• use of pesticides that fcarf '_•'" ;?
contaminate well water. '•-'•'•'
What Are Pesticides?
How Are They
Regulated?
A pesticide is a chemical
substance used to kill or
control a pest. "Pest" is a simple
catchall term that includes
undesired insects, weeds, rodents,
fungi, bacteria, and other
organisms. Thus, the term
"pesticides" includes insecticides,
herbicides, nematicides, acaracides,
rodenticides, and fungicides.
Pesticides are regulated by the
federal government as well as by
the states. At the federal level,
pesticides are regulated by EPA
under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA). Under FIFRA, EPA
registers thousands of pesticide
products for a multitude of uses in
and around homes and buildings,
on trees and shrubs, on golf
courses, and for agricultural pest
control. No pesticide may be
legally sold or used in the United
States unless its label bears an EPA
registration number and
establishment number.
If EPA approves the use of a
pesticide, the approval extends
only to specific uses. The
pesticide's label explains where and
how the pesticide may be used. A
number of pesticides are registered
and labeled as "restricted use"
pesticides. Only certified
applicators may use these
materials.
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Pesticides are subject to extensive
scientific testing before being
registered for the first time to
ensure that, when used according
to label directions, they will not
present unreasonable risks to
human health or the environment.
EPA reserves the right to require
additional data at any time if new
information raises questions about
the pesticide's health or
environmental effects. FIFRA also
requires the re-registration of
pesticides first registered before
today's health and environmental
tests were required and before
pesticides were known to leach
into ground water. Using current
scientific standards, EPA is
re-examining health and
environmental safety information
for the approximately 600 major
active ingredients contained in
some 25,000 registered pesticide
products.
Discoveries
of Pesticides
in Ground Water
The first major discovery of
pesticides in ground water
occurred in 1979 when ;
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
was detected in minute quantities
in about 2500 wells in California.
DBCP ground-water
contamination was soon found in
four other states as well. Another
pesticide, Aldicarb, was found in
wells on Long Island, New York,
and subsequently in 12 other
states.
In Florida, more than 1000 wells
have been shut down as drinking
water sources because of
contamination by Ethylene
Dibromide (EDB). And in the San *.
Joaquin Valley in California, DBCP
may be present in approximately
one-quarter of the usable ground
water.
A number of states, including
California, Florida, Maryland, "\
Minnesota, Iowa, New York, ;
Washington, and Wisconsin, have
undertaken studies of pesticides in
ground water. In 1985 EPA
estimated that at least 17
pesticides have been detected in
the ground water of 23t states as a 1
result of agricultural practices, hi <
1988, EPA reported that normal ;
agricultural use had apparently
led to residues of 46 different
pesticides in the ground water of
26 states.
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How Do Pesticides
Get Into
Drinking-Water Wells?
T)esticides can enter ground
J_ water both directly and
indirectly. Direct contamination
may occur from pesticide spills
around a poorly sealed well,
back-siphoning during spray tank
filling or chemigation (application
of pesticides through irrigation
systems), or improper storage and
disposal of pesticides or pesticide
containers. Indirect contamination
can occur when pesticides move
down through the soil into the
ground water. This may occur in
pesticide mixing areas or disposal
areas, or as a result of normal
application.
The extent to which
ground-water contamination can
occur as a result of normal crop
application depends on a variety of
factors: the type of pesticide used,
how the pesticide is applied
(application method, frequency,
and quantity), the characteristics of
the soil, and the geology of the
area. These factors, working singly
or in combination, will determine
how quickly the pesticide will
move through the soil and how
fast it will break down. The best
way to determine whether
pesticides have entered a water
supply is to take samples of the
water and have them tested in a
laboratory.
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Do Pesticides
In Drinking Water
Pose A Health Concern?
Pesticides can be harmful to you
if you are exposed to a
sufficient amount. Most people are
exposed to some pesticide residues
in food products. In addition,
people who use and handle
pesticides may be exposed to them
through breathing in pesticide
fumes or through skin contact.
Pesticide levels in drinking water
normally result in a much lower
exposure than exposure through
food or through handling pesticide
products. There are three ways in
which you can be exposed to
pesticides in drinking water:
• by ingestion—either by drinking
the water directly or eating foods
cooked with the water;
• by breathing in pesticide fumes
in the shower or when cooking or
washing; and
• by absorbing the pesticides
through the skin during
showering, swimming, or washing.
The degree to which pesticides
may affect the human body
depends on:
1. The toxicity of the
pesticide—Pesticides can cause a
range of possible harmful effects,
extending from a mild headache to
skin rashes to long-term effects on
internal organs, cancer, and death.
Pesticides diluted in water are
much less dangerous than the pure
compound; however, even minute
quantities of some chemicals in the
water may be cause for concern.
2. A person's exposure to the
pesticide—Exposures are based
upon the amount of the pesticide
in the water, the amount of water
to which a person is exposed, the
weight of the person, and the
length of time the person is in
contact with this water.
3. The health status of the
individual—People with health
problems, older people, infants and
children, and pregnant women
may be more susceptible to
pesticide hazards than the general
population.
What this means is that
pesticides may or may not pose
different types of health risks,
depending on the circumstances.
Different pesticides have different
effects on humans. Moreover,
exposure to a small amount of a
pesticide over a long period of time
can have a different effect than a
one-time exposure to a large
amount of a pesticide.
Further more, certain exposures of
pesticides in drinking water may be
too high for children but acceptable
for adults. These different
situations call for different risk
assessments and different types of
remedies.
Because there are so many
factors involved in considering the
risks posed by each pesticide, EPA
has developed technical guidance
documents that provide detailed
assessments for particular
pesticides.
-------
EPA's
Health Advisory
Guidance
EPA has developed guidance
documents called Health
Advisories to assist federal, state,
and local officials in 'responding to
the contamination of drinking
water by pesticides and other
chemicals. The Health Advisory
documents contain information on
health risks and treatment
technologies, and are updated by
EPA's Office of Drinking Water as
new information becomes available.
The Health Advisory documents
specify Health Advisory levels,
which represent the concentrations
of a contaminant in water that may
safely be consumed over a specific
time period. EPA sets Health
Advisory levels for short-term
exposures such as one day and ten
days, longer-term exposures of
greater than ten days up to several
years, and lifetime exposures.
These Health Advisory levels are
based on health effects (other than
cancer) that were found in animals
given high doses of the pesticides
in laboratory studies.
For pesticides believed to cause
cancer in humans, EPA does not
calculate a Lifetime Health
Advisory level. Instead, EPA
calculates the increased risks of
cancer that are associated with
different concentrations and
exposures to the pesticide. The
risks that are typically presented in
a Health Advisory document range
from an increased risk of 1
additional cancer case in a
population of 10,000 people
exposed to the pesticide, to the risk
of 1 additional cancer case in a
population of 1 million people
exposed. For more information on
Health Advisories, contact the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at
1-800-426-4791.
Health Advisory Summaries
EPA has prepared summaries of Health Advisories for the pesticides listed below
as well as for nitrates/nitrites. The one-page summaries are intended to provide
clear and understandable guidance to the public on possible health effects of these
chemicals and actions that may be taken to ensure a safe drinking water supply.
To obtain copies of the summaries, call EFA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
1-800-426-4791.
Atifluorfen
AlacWor
Aldicarb &
Aldicarb sulfone &
Aldicarb sulfoxide
Amerryn
Arrazine
Baygon
Bentazon
Bromacil
Bury late
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Carboxin
Chloramben
Chlordane
Chlorothalonil
Cyanazine
Dacthal (DCPA)
Dalapon
2,4-6
DBCP
Diazinon
Dicamba
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropene
Dieldrin
Dinoseb
Diphenamid
Disulfoton
Diuron
Endrin
Ethylene Dibromide
Ethylene thiourea
Fenamiphos
Fhiometuron
Heptachlor &
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexazinone
Methomyl
Methoxychlor
Metolacmor
Merribuzin
Nitrate/Nitrite
Oxamyl
Pentachlorophenol
Picloram
Prometon • '
Pronamide -
Propachlor
Propazine
Propham
Simazine
2,4,5-T
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Tebuthiuron
Terbacil
Terbufos
Trifluralin
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"Is My Well Water Safe Testing
To Drink?" And Retesting
Usually—yes! Sometimes,
however, there is no simple,
clear-cut answer. Detection of a
small amount of a pesticide in your
water sample may serve as a
warning or cautionary signal, like a
yellow traffic light.
For example, if water samples
from your well consistently show 5
micrograms of Atrazine per liter,*
and the Lifetime Health Advisory
for Atrazine is 3 micrograms per
liter, this would not necessarily
mean that any harm would occur,
because Health Advisories have a
built-in margin of safety. Your risk
of adverse health effects would
depend on your health, how long
you will be exposed to the water,
and whether any additional
contaminants might be present.
Exposure to several pesticides or
other hazardous chemicals together
may multiply the effects of any
single chemical.
In such a situation, EPA would
recommend that you consider
taking action to assure a safer
water supply. A first step would be
to contact your state or county
officials for advice. The Health
Advisories would serve as
guidelines to help both you and
the experts you consult determine
how to respond in your individual
situation.
* Micrograms per liter are the units of
measurement for contaminants in water.
equivalent to parts per billion.
Testing drinking water for
pesticides is more complex than
routine tests for minerals or
bacteria. Pesticide testing requires
more specialized equipment and
training, since pesticides generally
occur only at very low levels in
ground water. If you are concerned
about pesticide contamination of
your well, first contact your state
or county officials and find out
whether contamination problems
have been reported by other
residents in the area. Also find out
which pesticides and fertilizers are
commonly used nearby. If
contamination has been confirmed
in your area, you should have your
well tested.
For advice on testing services,
contact your state or county
officials, state university
laboratories, or your EPA Regional
§ Office (listed at the back of this
booklet). Be sure to obtain the
services of a certified testing service
or laboratory. Know the costs
beforehand! Costs for water
analysis for pesticides vary from
one commercial laboratory to the
next. For analysis of a single water
sample for one or two pesticides, a
laboratory may charge between
$100 and $150. The cost per sample
is usually somewhat less if several
water samples are analyzed at the
same time. The testing cost for
nitrates is about $30.
Many commercial laboratories
offer a standard screening test for a
number of pesticides and related
compounds regulated under the
Clean Water Act; before
proceeding, you should check with
-------
Taking
Action
your state or county officials as to
whether it is appropriate to test
your water for these chemicals.*
If your well has been tested and
pesticides have been found, EPA
recommends that you have the
well retested. This is because
changes in rainfall, in pesticide
use, or in water withdrawals from
your well or wells nearby can cause
wide variations in the levels of any
pesticides found in your well at a
specific time. Retesting may
provide you with a better overall
picture of your water quality.
Upon retesting, if a pesticide is
detected in your well water at or
below EPA's Health Advisory level,
you should continue to have your
well checked periodically. Ask your
state or county health officials for
advice on how often retesting
should be done. If a pesticide is
present above the Health Advisory
level, you should consult your state
or county health officials for advice
on action to limit your exposure to
the pesticide.
Finally, if you have reason to
believe that your neighbors share a
ground-water source containing
pesticides, they should be informed
of the potential risks and
encouraged to have their wells
tested.
'Commercial water testing laboratories
may not be able to repeat exactly the
procedures used to analyze water samples
for the National Pesticide Survey. EPA
developed these procedures specifically
for the survey in order to test for a large
number of pesticides simultaneously.
However, most laboratories should be
able to retest your water for any specific
pesticides that may have been found in
your well water.
There is no economical way to
clean up contaminated water
while it is in the ground. Instead,
your options for taking action will
likely be to treat the water, dig a
new or deeper well, or switch to an
alternative water supply.
Your choice among these options
should be based on an expert
evaluation of the source of the
problem and a realistic assessment
of the costs involved in each
option. You may be able to connect
with a public water supply. In
some cases, digging a new or
deeper well may be a reasonable
solution. In other parts of the
country, this may be infeasible
and/or extremely costly. EPA
suggests that you proceed only
with the advice of impartial
experts, such as your state or
county health officials.
Treating
The Water
It may be possible to treat your
drinking water to reduce the
pesticides and nitrates present.
However, not all available
treatment techniques will be
effective in reducing particular
pesticides. EPA's Health Advisory
Summaries identify treatment
methods that may be effective for
each individual pesticide.
The most common types of home
treatment devices currently on the
market are briefly described in the
box on the next page. Prices shown
are for 1988, and may vary by
geographic region. The treatment
systems require periodic
-------
Home Water Treatment Methods
to Reduce Pesticides & Nitrates
Activated carbon filters
("adsorption"): Carbon filters are
widely used to remove a wide
variety of. synthetic organic
chemicals, including some
pesticides,, from water. As
contaminated water flows through
the unit, the contaminants adhere
to the carbon particles in the filter
and remain behind. One
drawback to this method is that it
is hard to know when the carbon'
has become saturated with
contaminants/ so it is important to
replace the carbon .routinely.
Activated carbon filters come in
a variety of sizes and designs,
with costs ranging: rron>^0 to
$300 (including installation) for a
single tap, and $600 to $1,000 for a
whole house. The filters use either
'/granular carbon, powdered^-
carbon, or carbon blocks. Carbon
filters require no mechanical or
electrical controls and are ^installed
in-line under pressure;,
Reverse osmosis: In reverse
osmosis units, water is forced -,
through a series of. filters and
membranes .that screen' out.
contaminants. Contaminants are
d down the drain along
with 70 to 90 percent of the water
entering the unit. The remaining5*;^
10 to 36 percent of 'the water J
entering-the' unit comes out as4',»:|
treated water Unit costs range v*
from $600 to $800. Tt* units *'*' ,1
consume a large amount of'
but do not require electricity:
Distillation and anion exchange
are useful treatment methods
removing nitrates and a variety of J
other salt-type impurities. These'" •
methods are not, however,
suitable for most pesticides. In
distillation units, the water is
boiled and then condenses in a
separate chamber, leaving behind
the contaminants. Distillation
units range from &00 to $1,500,
require a good deal of
maintenance, and* sometimes
consume large amounts of
electricity. Anion exchange units
draw contaminants out of the
water bjp means of resins that act
almost like magnets. Unit costs
range from $400 to $1,600.* It is
important to select the proper
anion exchange unit that can
remove the, particular
contaminantb in your water.
monitoring and maintenance to
ensure the unit's efficiency. Annual
operating costs for a household can
range from $30 to $350. When
looking to purchase or lease home
water treatment equipment,
research the products available.
Check performance capabilities,
warranty, maintenance provisions,
and general operation. Deal with a
professional and be an educated
consumer!
Some community water systems
also use treatment methods,
including reveVse osmosis, ion
exchange, oxidation, and air
stripping, to treat contaminated
water. More commonly, if there is
contamination, community water
systems will close down the
contaminated well, or blend the
water with water from other wells
until acceptable water quality is
reached, or use conventional
treatment methods involving
coagulation, sedimentation, and
filtration to remove particulates and
other contaminants.
-------
Digging
A New Well
Digging a new or deeper well may
make sense if you are able to draw
water from a deeper, clean aquifer.
Unfortunately it often is difficult to
know the quality of the ground
water in different aquifers without
drilling or extensive testing.
It is highly recommended that
expert advice be sought before you
drill! Your county extension agent,
or officials from your state
geological or water survey or
environmental agency can advise
you on whether the pesticides in
your water are widely used in the
county and are likely to be
contaminating the aquifer. Local
well drillers can advise you on the
feasibility of installing a new or
deeper well.
The cost of a new well will
depend on the depth of the well,
the materials used to construct the
well, and the installation method.
An estimated cost of a new well is
between $3.50-$4.50 per inch
diameter per foot of depth, plus
casing and pump costs. (This
estimate is based on a well up to 8
inches in diameter and up to 300
feet deep; costs will be higher if
these dimensions are exceeded.)
Try to get more than one estimate
before proceeding.
Alternative
Water Sources
What else can you do? Two other
possibilities are purchasing bottled
water and hooking up to a public
water supply. Sometimes bottled
water is a useful temporary
alternative until a new permanent
water supply can be secured. The
cost of bottled water in 1988 was
about $7 to $15 per week for a
family of four, assuming each
person used 2 liters per day for
drinking water only. The cost to
hook up to a public water supply
will depend on the distance to a
water main, the housing density in
the area, and water payments.
Households connected to public
water systems may need to pay a
service charge for their water.
Eliminating
Direct Entry Of
Pesticides
Through The Well
It is possible that if pesticides are
contaminating your well water,
they are entering the ground water
through the well itself rather than
through the soil. If the well is old
or poorly cemented or if there are
visible cracks in the casing, you
may wish to obtain expert advice
on whether improvements to the
well are possible. Simple methods
of capping the well or sealing it at
the surface could prove effective in
eliminating further contamination.
In any case, if you use well
water to mix large amounts of
pesticides, no mixing activities
should be done near the well, since
a spill might lead to direct
contamination of the well. If you or
others living near you use
pesticides extensively, you should
consider attending training courses
in pesticide use given by your state
or county agricultural department.
10
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Where Can I Get
More Information?
Following is a sampling of
publications and a partial list of
organizations that may help you
obtain more information. Please
note that these lists are not
comprehensive and are not
necessarily endorsed by EPA.
Publications
"A Drop to Drink." Bruce
Webendorfer. Country Journal.
September 1988.
"Chemical Risk: A Primer."
Information Pamphlet. American
Chemical Society Department of
Government Relations and Science
Policy, 1155 16th Street NW,
Washington, DC 20036. 1984.
"Citizen"s Guide to Pesticides"
and "Citizen's Guide to Drinking
Water." U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M Street
SW, Washington, DC 20460. Free.
"Drinking Water: A Community
Action Guide." Concern, Inc. 1794
Columbia Rd. NW, Washington,
DC 20009. 1988. $3.00
"Groundwater & Environmental
Pollution Self-Help Checklist for
Farmsteads and Farm Fields" and
"Protecting our Groundwater, a
Grower's Guide," available from
your state or county Farm Bureau
office.
"Guidance Document on the
Management of Pesticides in
Groundwater." Office of Drinking
Water, U.S. EPA. 401 M Street
SW, Washington, DC 20460.
Draft, September 1988. Free.
"Is the Water Safe to Drink?"
Consumers Union. 256
Washington Street, Mt. Vernon,
NY 10553. 1987. $16.00.
"Pesticides and Groundwater: A
Health Concern for the Midwest."
Freshwater Foundation. 2500
Shadywood Road, Box 90,
Navarre, MN 55392. 1987.
"Pesticides in Groundwater:
Background Document." U.S.
EPA. 401 M St. SW, Washington,
DC 20460. 1986. Free.
"Protecting Groundwater: A
Guide for the Pesticide User."
Slide Set Storyboard and Manual
for Instructors. Keith S. Porter and
Michael W. Stimmann. 468
Hollister Hall, Cornell University,
Ithaca NY 14853. Sponsored by
USDA and U.S. EPA. May 1988.
$75.00.
"Safety on Tap: A Citizen's
Drinking Water Handbook."
League of Women Voters
Eduction Fund. 1730 M Street
NW, Washington, DC 20036. 1987.
$7.95.
"Testing for Toxics: A Guide to
Investigating Drinking Water
Quality." R. Wilson. U.S. Public
Interest Research Group. 215
Pennsylvania Ave. SE,
Washington, DC 20003. 1986.
$5.00
Organizations
American Public Health
Association, 1015 15th Street NW,
Washington, DC (202) 789-5600.
American Water Works
Assocation, 6666 West Quincy
Avenue, Denver, CO 80235 (303)
794-7711.
League of Women Voters, 1730 M
Street NW, Washington, DC (202)
429-1965, and local chapters.
11
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National Agricultural Chemicals
Association, 1155 15th Street NW,
Washington, DC (202) 296-1585.
National Coalition Against the
Misuse of Pesticides, 530 7th
Street SE, Washington, DC (202)
543-5450.
Natural Resources Defense
Council, 122 East 42nd Street NY,
NY 10168 (212) 949-0049.
National Rural Water Association,
P.O. Box 1428, Duncan, OK 73534
(405) 252-0629.
National Water Well Association,
6375 Riverside Drive, Dublin, OH
43017(614)761-1711.
Water Quality Association, 4151
Naperville Road, Lisle, IL 60532
(312) 369-1600.
Contacts
State or County Health
Department
State Department of Agriculture
State Pollution Control or
Environmental Protection Agency
County Extension Office
Soil Conservation Service District
Office
EPA Regional Office
For further information on treatment technologies, drinking water
quality, and EPA's Health Advisories, call toll-free, Monday thru
Friday, 8:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. E.S.T:
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline
1-800-426-4791
(in Washington, D.C., call 382-5533).
Information on the health effects of pesticides and pesticide
poisonings is available toll-free, 24 hours a day, from:
National Pesticide Telecommunications Network
1-800-858-7378
* U£. GCVERNiraWT PRnmNQ OFFICE: 1992 - 622-262 - 1302/60070
12
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EPA Regional Offices and States Covered
EPA Region 1
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3424
Connecticut, Massachusetts,
Maine, Neu< Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont
EPA Region 2
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-2515
Neu> Jersey, Neu* York,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
EPA Region 3
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-9370
Delaware, Man/land,
Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia,
District of Columbia
EPA Headquarters
401 M Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 382-4454
EPA Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-3004
Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee
EPA Region 5
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353-2072
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
EPA Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202
(214) 655-2200
Arkansas, Louisiana, Neu'
Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
EPA Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 551-7003
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,
Nebraska
EPA Region 8
One Denver Place
999 18th Street, Suite 1300
Denver, CO 80202-2413
(303) 293-1692
Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
Wyoming
EPA Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
FTS 8-848-1305
ODD (415) 744-1305
Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Nevada, American Samoa,
Guam, Trust Territories of the
Pacific
EPA Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
FTS 8-399-1107
DDD (206) 553-1107
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,
Washington
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Regional Organization
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-K-02-008I
October 2001
»EPA
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA
Call Center Training Module
Introduction to:
Drip Pads
(40 CFR Parts 264/265, Subpart W)
Updated October 2001
-------
DISCLAIMER
This document was developed by Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. under contract 68-W-01-020 to EPA.
It is intended to be used as a training tool for Call Center specialists and does not represent a
statement of EPA policy.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA s
regulations or policies. This document is used only in the capacity of the Call Center training and
is not used as a reference tool on Call Center calls. The Call Center revises and updates this
document as regulatory program areas change.
The information in this document may not necessarily reflect the current position of the Agency.
This document is not intended and cannot be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or
procedural, enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States.
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA Call Center Phone Numbers:
National toll-free (outside of DC area) (800) 424-9346
Local number (within DC area) (703) 412-9810
National toll-free for the hearing impaired (TDD) (800) 553-7672
The Call Center is open from 9 am to 5 pm Eastern Time,
Monday through Friday, except for federal holidays.
-------
DRIP PADS
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 2
2.1 Background 2
2.2 Design Standards 3
2.3 Operating Standards 6
2.4 Inspections 6
2.5 Closure 7
2.6 Drip Pads Used for Temporary Accumulation 7
2.7 Applicability to Storage Yard Drippage 8
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-------
Drip Pads -1
1. INTRODUCTION
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations governing
hazardous waste management facilities, found in 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265, consist
of general facility standards as well as unit-specific design and operating
requirements for commonly used hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
units, such as tanks, containers, and landfills. The majority of these unit-specific
regulations are discussed in other modules.
Since the early 1980s, EPA has continuously expanded RCRA's hazardous waste
program to regulate a broader range of wastes that may pose a threat to human
health and the environment. Some of these newly identified wastes proved rather
difficult to manage in traditional hazardous waste management units that were
established in the original regulations. In 1990, EPA listed wastes from wood
preserving processes as hazardous. Many of these wastes are generated by allowing
preservative to drip from wood onto concrete pads, called drip pads. To facilitate
proper handling of these wastes, the Agency developed design and operating
standards for drip pads used to manage these newly identified hazardous waste.
This module explains these standards.
After you complete this module, you will be able to explain the regulatory history
and purpose of drip pads. Specifically, you will be able to:
• Define drip pad
• Summarize the design and operating standards for drip pads
• Describe the relationship between generator accumulation provisions and
drip pads.
Use this list of objectives to check your understanding of this topic after you
complete the training session.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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2 - Drip Pads
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
Drip pads are hazardous waste management units that are unique to the wood
preserving industry. The history of drip pads is closely tied to EPA's decision to list
wood preserving process wastes as hazardous. The wood preserving industry uses a
standard process to produce treated wood products that are resistant to natural decay.
Fresh lumber is treated with a preservative solution and then placed on a concrete
pad where it remains until any excess solution not absorbed by the wood has
stopped dripping. Once the dripping stops, the wood is transferred to a storage yard
and all excess preservative that has dripped onto the drip pad is removed as waste.
On December 6, 1990, EPA promulgated regulations listing certain wood preserving
process wastes as hazardous (55 FR 50450). The listings specifically include
wastewaters, process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from
wood preserving operations using chlorophenolic formulations (F032), creosote
formulations (F034), and inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or chromium
(F035). Once EPA listed these wastes as hazardous, the concrete pads typically used
for collecting the drippage became subject to regulation under RCRA Subtitle C as
hazardous waste management units. Since the drip pads had never been regulated
and did not resemble any of the existing hazardous waste management units (e.g.,
tanks or containers), there were no protective regulations for drip pad owners and
operators to follow. To ensure proper waste management, EPA developed unit-
specific standards for the design, installation, operation, and closure of drip pads at
the same time the new wood-preserving listings were promulgated. This module
addresses the current standards for drip pads as hazardous waste management units.
2.1 BACKGROUND
A hazardous waste drip pad is a non-earthen structure consisting of a curbed, free-
draining base that is designed to convey excess preservative drippage, precipitation,
and surface water run-on from treated wood operations to an associated collection
system. Drip pads, as defined in §260.10, are exclusive to the wood preserving
industry.
Preservative solutions are commonly applied to wood products using a pressure
treating process. Once the preservative solution has been applied to the wood, it is
removed from the process unit and excess solution is allowed to drip from the wood
onto drip pads. As a result of this process, excess solution dripping from the wood
becomes a solid waste and, depending on the type of preservative used, a hazardous
waste. A drip pad is used solely for the collection and temporary accumulation or
storage of excess wood preservative prior to its removal from the unit. Regulated
drip pads will be found only at wood preserving facilities.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Drip Pads - 3
Generally, the performance standards for most hazardous waste management units
vary depending on whether the unit is permitted or interim status. However, the
permitted and interim status standards for drip pads are virtually identical.
Distinctions are made between new and existing drip pads. A drip pad is considered
"existing" if construction was completed, or a binding construction agreement was
made, prior to December 6, 1990; all other drip pads are considered "new." The
owner and operator of a new drip pad must comply with all codified standards for
unit design, installation, operation, and closure, and the unit is regulated
throughout its operating life. Existing drip pads, however, may need to be modified
or otherwise upgraded to ensure adequate protection of human health and the
environment. Upgrading steps and corresponding deadlines for existing drip pads
are addressed in the regulations and are discussed later in this module. Other
specific regulatory differences between existing and new drip pads are discussed in
the context of each requirement.
2.2 DESIGN STANDARDS
The design standards for hazardous waste drip pads are codified in §§264.573 and
265.443 (Figure 1). Drip pads must be designed and constructed of non-earthen
materials that have enough structural strength to prevent failure of the unit under
the weight of the waste, preserved wood products, personnel, and any moving
equipment used in wood preserving operations. The remainder of the drip pad
design requirements are specifically intended to control the liquid and semi-liquid
wood preserving wastes that are stored or accumulated on the drip pad. To prevent
wastes from running over the edges of the flat drip pad surface, the owner and
operator must construct a raised curb or berm around the perimeter of the pad. In
order to simplify removal of wastes from the drip pad, the surface must be sloped
toward a collection unit, such as a sump. Unless this collection unit has enough
capacity to hold precipitation run-on and preservative drippage, or unless the pad is
protected from precipitation (e.g., indoors or covered), a stormwater run-on and
run-off control system must be used. All new and existing drip pads must be in
compliance with these design criteria.
Additional drip pad design standards include measures to prevent infiltration of
liquid waste into or through the unit's structure. Impermeable sealers, coatings, or
covers can reduce the quantity of waste absorbed into the unit itself. Infiltration
protection, especially for porous materials like concrete, is important because when
liquid wastes migrate into the structure, the likelihood of an uncontrolled release
into the environment increases. As a result, drip pads will be more susceptible to
cracking and deterioration, and removal of all wastes from the unit becomes more
difficult. Because absolute impermeability is not feasible, EPA put a performance
standard for permeability of the surface coating in the regulations. In general, drip
pad owners and
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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4 - Drip Pads
Figure 1
DRIP PAD DESIGN STANDARDS
Design Criteria
Citations
Pad
Must be constructed of non-earthen materials
(e.g., concrete, metal)
Must provide sufficient structural strength to
prevent unit failure
§264.573(a)(l)
§265.443(a)(l)
§264.573(a)(5)
§265.443(a)(5)
Drip Pad
Surface
Must be constructed with a raised berm around
perimeter to prevent waste run-off into the
environment
Must be sloped toward a liquid collection unit
Must be treated with impermeable sealers,
coatings, or covers to meet specific
permeability performance standards*
§264.573(a)(3)
§265.443(a)(3)
§264.573(a)(2)
§265.443(a)(2)
§264.573(a)(4)
§265.443(a)(4)
Liquid
Collection
System
Must allow for removal of waste for proper
RCRA management and to prevent overflow
Must include run-on and run-off controls as
necessary
Is subject to regulation as a hazardous waste
tank
§§264.573(h), (1)
§§265.443(h), (1)
§§264.573(d), (e), (f)
§264.190(c)
§265.190(c)
Liner and Leak
Detection System*
Is not subject to specific permeability criteria
Must signal releases from the drip pad at the
earliest practicable time
Must be structurally sound and chemically
compatible
§264.573(b)(2)
§265.443(b)(2)
§264.573(b)(l)
§265.443(b)(l)
Dust
Controls
Must be used to minimize tracking of waste by
personnel and vehicles
§264.573(j)
§265.443(j)
: The regulations offer drip pad owners and operators a choice between application of surface coatings
and provision of a liner and leak detection system.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Drip Pads - 5
operators can achieve the required level of protection using most of the sealers,
coatings, and covers currently available on the market.
Finally, EPA intends the drip pad design standards to prevent migration of waste
from the unit into the surrounding environment. Provision of an underlying
synthetic liner and leak detection system can prevent waste migration into adjacent
subsurface soil, groundwater, or surface water. No specific permeability criteria are
designated for a drip pad liner, but the unit's leak detection system must be able to
signal releases from the pad at the earliest practicable time. For all pads constructed
after December 24, 1992, EPA also mandates the installation of a leak collection
system to remove wastes accumulating on the synthetic liner. In addition, any
sumps or other collection devices used in association with a hazardous waste drip
pad are regulated as hazardous waste tanks, and the owner and operator of the unit
must comply with all applicable provisions in Subpart J of Part 264/265.
When the regulations were first promulgated, a new drip pad was required to
conform to the standards for both surface impermeability and liners and leak
detection. Since that time, the Agency revised the drip pad management standards;
now owners and operators of new drip pads may choose between these two options.
EPA does not recommend one option over the other, but believes that, over the
long run, installation of a liner and leak detection system will require less
maintenance and be less costly than repeated applications of surface coatings. Prior
to use for hazardous waste management, the owners and operators of new drip pads
must implement one of the design options.
All existing drip pads (i.e., drip pads that were constructed or for which a binding
contract was made prior to December 6, 1990) must be sealed, coated, or covered with
an impermeable material meeting regulatory specifications. An existing drip pad
that already has a surface coating will need no further upgrading to comply with
federal standards. The owner or operator of an existing drip pad may choose to
modify the unit to meet the performance standards for liners and leak detection
systems, but is under no federal obligation or deadline to do so. An existing unit
that is upgraded to include a liner and leak detection system is no longer subject to
the surface coating requirements. Before such an upgrade is completed, however,
the owner or operator must develop and submit a written plan for modifying the
unit to the Regional Administrator. The plan must include a description of all
proposed repairs and upgrades, as well as a schedule by which modifications will be
made. An independent, qualified, registered, professional engineer must certify that
the proposed plan will bring the drip pad into compliance with all applicable liner,
leak detection, and leak collection standards (§§264.571/265.441).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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6 - Drip Pads
2.3 OPERATING STANDARDS
All new and existing drip pads must be in compliance with the operating standards
codified in §§264.573/265.443. Generally, a drip pad must be maintained free of
cracks and show no signs of corrosion or other forms of deterioration. Drip pads
must also be cleaned frequently to allow for weekly inspections of the entire drip
pad surface without interference from accumulated wastes and residues. The
manner and frequency of cleaning required is determined on a case-by-case basis.
The facility's operating log must document the date, time, and method of each
cleaning, and all cleaning residues must be managed as hazardous wastes under
RCRA Subtitle C. In addition to occasional cleaning, drippage and precipitation
must be emptied into a collection system as often as necessary to prevent waste from
overflowing the curb around the perimeter of the unit. All collection tanks must be
emptied as soon as possible after storms to ensure that sufficient containment
capacity is available to accommodate continued run-off.
2.4 INSPECTIONS
Three types of inspections are required for drip pads. First, an existing drip pad must
be inspected to ensure that the unit is still protective of human health and the
environment and thus fit for continued use. Until the unit is in full compliance
with the current standards, an independent, qualified, registered, professional
engineer must prepare an annual written assessment of the drip pad's integrity.
Each assessment must document the extent to which the drip pad meets current
design and operating standards (§§264.571/265.441). Second, §§264.574/265.444
require newly installed or upgraded existing drip pads to be inspected to verify that
the unit was properly constructed and that no damage occurred prior to use. During
this inspection, an independent, qualified, registered, professional engineer must
certify that the drip pad achieves all applicable design standards in §§264.573/265.443.
Finally, all new and existing drip pads must be inspected weekly and after storms to
ensure that the units and their associated liquid collection systems are functioning
properly and to detect any deterioration of or leaks from the units. Upon inspection,
if a drip pad shows any deterioration, the affected portion of the unit must be
removed from service for repairs in accordance with specified procedures. If
hazardous wastes have been released into the environment, all appropriate cleanup
measures must be taken, and the release may be reportable under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Drip Pads - 7
2.5 CLOSURE
To ensure that drip pads are properly managed after their useful lives, drip pads
must be closed so as to prevent the future migration of contaminants into the
environment and to protect human health and the environment. Closure of a drip
pad involves removal or decontamination of all associated waste residues,
contaminated soils, and contaminated system components (including equipment)
(§§264.575/265.445). If all contaminated soils cannot be removed or decontaminated,
the unit will be considered a landfill for purposes of closure, post-closure, and
financial responsibility, and must be closed according to the requirements for
landfills in Part 264/265, Subpart N. In such instances, the drip pad owner/operator
must also obtain a post-closure permit addressing specific conditions for
groundwater monitoring, corrective action, and post-closure care.
2.6 DRIP PADS USED FOR TEMPORARY ACCUMULATION
Some of the regulations discussed in detail above apply to drip pads used for
hazardous waste storage (e.g., drip pads operated such that wastes remain in the unit
for more than 90 days after generation). The regulations in §262.34(a)(l)(iii) state
that a generator who accumulates hazardous waste on a drip pad for 90 days or less
will not require a RCRA permit for storage, provided that:
• The unit conforms to the technical standards in Part 265, Subpart W
• Written procedures are developed to ensure that wastes are removed from
the pad and collection system at least once every 90 days
• Records are kept documenting that those procedures are followed.
As stated in §262.34(a)(l)(iii), drip pads used for temporary accumulation of wastes
by a generator are exempt from all requirements in Part 265, Subparts G and H,
except for those in §§265.111 and 265.114, which relate to the closure performance
standards and the disposal or decontamination of all equipment, structures, and
soils.
Under §262.34(d), small quantity generators (SQGs) are subject to a reduced set of
requirements when accumulating hazardous wastes in tanks or containers meeting
the interim status unit standards. SQGs who accumulate wood-preserving wastes
on drip pads do not qualify for this partial exemption. Consequently, all generators
of more than 100 kilograms of waste per month who manage wood-preserving
wastes on drip pads must comply with the requirements applicable to large quantity
generators in §262.34(a). As a result, the maximum generator accumulation time
period on drip pads is 90 days. Generators using drip pads must also comply with
the requirements that apply to large quantity generators for personnel training,
development of a full contingency plan, and biennial reporting. Conditionally-
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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8 - Drip Pads
exempt small quantity generators, however, are not subject to the drip pad
management standards, nor are they subject to the time limit of 90 days.
2.7 APPLICABILITY TO STORAGE YARD DRIPPAGE
Most wood preserving wastes are generated immediately following wood treatment,
when excess solution drips off the treated wood. This drippage and the drip pad
collecting the drippage are fully subject to the Subpart W standards. Some drippage
can also occur, however, after the treated wood has been transferred to a storage yard
to await shipment off-site. Although this drippage remains a hazardous waste, the
yard is not necessarily subject to the drip pad requirements. Under the drip pad
standards, the management of infrequent and incidental storage yard drippage is
exempt from the drip pad regulations if these releases are immediately cleaned up
in compliance with a written contingency plan developed by the facility owner and
operator (§§264.570(c)/265.440(c)). The plan must stipulate how responses are to be
conducted, how responses will be documented, what methods will be used to ensure
that records are retained for three years, and how contaminated media and residues
will be managed in accordance with applicable federal regulations.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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