vvEPA
United Stales
Environmental Protector
Healthcare Environmental Assistance Resources
Pollution Prevention and Compliance Assistance
for Healthcare Facilities
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wEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response
(5104)
EPA550-B-01-003
October 2001
www.epa.gov/ceppo
LIST OF LISTS
Consolidated List of Chemicals
Subject to the
Emergency Planning and
Community Right-To-Know Act
(EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of
the Clean Air Act
EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances
CERCLA Hazardous Substances
EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals
CAA 112(r) Regulated Chemicals For Accidental Release
Prevention
Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
Printed on recycled paper
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction i
List of Lists ~ Consolidated List of Chemicals (by CAS #) Subject to the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act 1
Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Consolidated List A-l
Appendix B: Radionuclides Listed Under CERCLA B-l
Appendix C: RCRA Waste Streams and Unlisted Hazardous Wastes C-l
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LIST OF LISTS
Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act
This consolidated chemical list includes chemicals subject to reporting requirements under the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), also known as Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)1, and chemicals listed under section
112(r) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). This consolidated list has been prepared to help firms handling
chemicals determine whether they need to submit reports under sections 302, 304, or 313 of EPCRA and,
for a specific chemical, what reports may need to be submitted. It will also help firms determine whether
they will be subject to accident prevention regulations under CAA section 112(r). Separate lists are also
provided of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) waste streams and unlisted hazardous
wastes, and of radionuclides reportable under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). These lists should be used as a reference tool, not
as a definitive source of compliance information. Compliance information for EPCRA is published in
the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40 CFR Parts 302, 355, and 372. Compliance information for
CAA section 112(r) is published in 40 CFR Part 68. This document is also available in a searchable
database format at http://www.epa.gov/ceppo/ap-otgu.htm.
The chemicals on the consolidated list are ordered both by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
registry number and alphabetically. For the list ordered by CAS number, categories of chemicals which
generally do not have CAS registry numbers, but which are cited under CERCLA, are placed at the front
of the list. EPCRA section 313 categories are placed at the end of the list with their 313 category code.
The lists include chemicals referenced under five federal statutory provisions, discussed below.
More than one chemical name may be listed for one CAS number because the same chemical may appear
on different lists under different names. For example, for CAS number 8001-35-2, the names toxaphene
(from the section 313 list), camphechlor (from the section 302 list), and camphene, octachloro- (from the
CERCLA list) all appear on this consolidated list. The chemical names on the consolidated lists
generally are those names used in the regulatory programs developed under EPCRA, CERCLA, and CAA
section 112(r), but each chemical may have other synonyms that do not appear on these lists.
(1) EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHSs)
The presence of EHSs in quantities at or above the Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ) requires
certain emergency planning activities to be conducted. The extremely hazardous substances and their
TPQs are listed in 40 CFR Part 355, Appendices A and B. For section 302 EHSs, Local Emergency
Planning Committees (LEPCs) must develop emergency response plans and facilities must notify the
State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) and LEPC if they receive or produce the substance on
site at or above the EHS's TPQ. Additionally if the TPQ is met, facilities with a listed EHS are subject
to the reporting requirements of EPCRA section 311 (provide material safety data sheet or a list of
covered chemicals to the SERC, LEPC, and local fire department) and section 312 (submit inventory
1 This consolidated list does not include all chemicals subject to the reporting requirements in EPCRA
sections 311 and 312. These hazardous chemicals, for which material safety data sheets (MSDS) must be developed
under the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200), are identified by broad criteria, rather than by
enumeration. There are over 500,000 products that satisfy the criteria. See 40 CFR Part 370 for more information.
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form - Tier I or Tier II). The minimum threshold for section 311-312 reporting for EHS substances is
500 pounds or the TPQ, whichever is less.
TPQ. The consolidated list presents the TPQ (in pounds) for section 302 chemicals in the
column following the CAS number. For chemicals that are solids, there may be two TPQs given (e.g.,
500/10,000). In these cases, the lower quantity applies for solids in powder form with particle size less
than 100 microns, or if the substance is in solution or in molten form. Otherwise, the 10,000 pound TPQ
applies.
EHS RQ. Releases of reportable quantities (RQ) of EHSs are subject to state and local reporting
under section 304 of EPCRA. EPA has promulgated a rule (61 FR 20473, May 7, 1996) that adjusted
RQs for EHSs without CERCLA RQs to levels equal to their TPQs. The EHS RQ column lists these
adjusted RQs for EHSs not listed under CERCLA and the CERCLA RQs for those EHSs that are
CERCLA hazardous substances (see the next section for a discussion of CERCLA Rqs).
Note that ammonium hydroxide is not covered under section 302; the EHS RQ is based on
anhydrous ammonia. Ammonium hydroxide (which is also known as aqueous ammonia) is subject to
CERCLA, with its own RQ.
(2) CERCLA Hazardous Substances
Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances, in quantities equal to or greater than their reportable
quantity (RQ), are subject to reporting to the National Response Center under CERCLA. Such releases
are also subject to state and local reporting under section 304 of EPCRA. CERCLA hazardous
substances, and their reportable quantities, are listed in 40 CFR Part 302, Table 302.4. Radionuclides
listed under CERCLA are provided in a separate list, with RQs in Curies.
RQ. The CERCLA RQ column in the consolidated list shows the RQs (in pounds) for chemicals
that are CERCLA hazardous substances. Carbamate wastes under RCRA that have been added to the
CERCLA list with statutory one-pound RQs are indicated by an asterisk ("*") following the RQ.
Metals. For metals listed under CERCLA (antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc), no reporting of releases of the solid form is
required if the mean diameter of the pieces of the solid metal released is greater than 100 micrometers
(0.004 inches). The RQs shown on the consolidated list apply to smaller particles.
Note that the consolidated list does not include all CERCLA regulatory synonyms. See 40 CFR
Part 302, Table 302.4 for a complete list.
There have been a few additions and deletions to Table 302.4 since this document was last
updated (November 1998). Hazardous wastes K174 and K175 have been added to this list. Removed
from Table 302.4 are caprolactam (CAS 105-60-2), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (CAS 118-79-6), and K140
floor sweepings, off-specification products and spent filtermedia from the production of 2,4,6-
tribromophenol.
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(3) CAA Section 112(r) List of Substances for Accidental Release Prevention
Under the accident prevention provisions of section 112(r) of the CAA, EPA developed a list of
77 toxic substances and 63 flammable substances. Threshold quantities (TQs) were established for these
substances. The list and TQs identify processes subject to accident prevention regulations. The list of
substances and TQs and the requirements for risk management programs for accidental release
prevention are found in 40 CFR Part 68. This consolidated list includes both the common name for each
listed chemical under section 112(r) and the chemical name, if different from the common name, as
separate listings.
The CAA section 112(r) list includes several substances in solution that are covered only in
concentrations above a specified level. These substances include ammonia (concentration 20% or
greater) (CAS number 7664-41-7); hydrochloric acid (37% or greater) (7647-01-0); hydrogen
fluoride/hydrofluoric acid (50% or greater) (7664-39-3); and nitric acid (80% or greater) (7697-37-2).
Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) and ammonia (anhydrous) are listed, in addition to the solutions of these
substances, with different TQs. Only the anhydrous form of sulfur dioxide (7446-09-5) is covered.
These substances are presented on the consolidated list with the concentration limit or specified form
(e.g., anhydrous), as they are listed under CAA section 112(r). Flammable fuels used as a fuel or held for
sale as a fuel at a retail facility are not subject to the rule.
TQ. The CAA section 112(r) TQ column in the consolidated list shows the TQs (in pounds) for
chemicals listed for accidental release prevention. The TQ applies to the quantity of substance in a
process, not at the facility as a whole.
(4) EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals
Emissions, transfers, and waste management data for chemicals listed under section 313 must be
reported annually as part of the community right-to-know provisions of EPCRA (40 CFR Part 372).
Section 313. The notation "313" in the column for section 313 indicates that the chemical is
subject to reporting under section 313 and section 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act under the name
listed. In cases where a chemical is listed under section 313 with a second name in parentheses or
brackets, the second name is included on this consolidated list with an "X" in the section 313 column.
An "X" in this column also may indicate that the same chemical with the same CAS number appears on
another list with a different chemical name. Since the last updating of the list in November 1998, a
number of reporting thresholds have changed. These include reporting thresholds for 18 chemicals that
meet the EPCRA section 313 criteria for persistence and bioaccumulation, as well as lead and lead
compounds (except lead contained in stainless steel, brass, and bronze alloys). Chemicals that have had
reporting thresholds changed are marked with a " A " symbol on the list. The revised thresholds are listed
at the end of this section.
Diisocyanates, Dioxins andDioxin-like Compounds, andPACs. In the November 30, 1994,
expansion of the section 313 list, 20 specific chemicals were added as members of the diisocyanate
category, and 19 specific chemicals were added as members of the poly cyclic aromatic compounds
(PAC) category. In October 1999, EPA added a category of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds that
includes 17 specific chemicals. These chemicals are included in the CAS order listing on this
consolidated list. The symbol "#" following the "313" notation in the section 313 column identifies
diisocyanates, the symbol "!" identifies the dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, and the symbol "+"
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identifies PACs, as noted in the Summary of Codes. Chemicals belonging to these categories are
reportable under section 313 by category, rather than by individual chemical name.
Ammonium Salts. The EPCRA section listing for ammonia includes the following qualifier
"includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other
sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing". The qualifier for
ammonia means that anhydrous forms of ammonia are 100% reportable and aqueous forms are limited to
10% of total aqueous ammonia. Therefore, when determining threshold and releases and other waste
management quantities all anhydrous ammonia is included but only 10% of total aqueous ammonia is
included. Any evaporation of ammonia from aqueous ammonia solutions is considered anhydrous
ammonia and should be included in threshold determinations and release and other waste management
calculations.
In this document ammonium salts are not specifically identified as being reportable EPCRA
section 313 chemicals. However, water dissociable ammonia salts, such as ammonium chloride, are
reportable if they are placed in water. When ammonium salts are placed in water, reportable aqueous
ammonia is manufactured. As indicated in the ammonia qualifier, all aqueous ammonia solutions from
water dissociable ammonium salts are covered by the ammonia listing. For example, ammonium chloride
is a water dissociable ammonium salt and reportable aqueous ammonia will be manufactured when it is
placed in water.
Unlike other ammonium salts, ammonium hydroxide is specifically identified as being a
reportable EPCRA section 313 chemical. This is because the chemical ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
is a misnomer. It is a common name used to describe a solution of ammonia in water (i.e., aqueous
ammonia), typically a concentrated solution of 28 to 30 percent ammonia. EPA has consistently
responded to questions regarding the reportability of these purported ammonium hydroxide solutions
under the EPCRA Section 313 ammonia listing by stating that these are 28 to 30 percent solutions of
ammonia in water and that the solutions are reportable under the EPCRA Section 313 ammonia listing.
For a more detailed discussion, see page 34175 of the Federal Register final rule of June 30, 1995 (60 FR
34172). (See also EPA's EPCRA section 313, Guidance for Reporting Aqueous Ammonia, EPA 745-R-
00-005, www.epa.gov/TRI)
Additions. Added to the list of toxic chemicals subject to reporting under EPCRA section 313
are seven chemicals and two chemical compound categories. These are:
Chemicals
CAS
1) benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191242
2) benzo(j,k)fluorine (as a member of the PACs category) 206440
3) 3-methylcholanthrene (as a member of the PACs category) 56495
4) octachlorostyrene 29082744
5) pentachlorobenzene 608935
6) tetrabromobisphenol A 79947
7) vandium (except when contained in an alloy) 7440622
Chemical Categories
Category Code
1) vandium compounds N770
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2) dioxin and dioxin like compounds (Manufacturing; and the processing or
otherwise use of dioxin and dioxin like compounds if the dioxin and dioxin-like
compounds are present as contaminants in a chemical and if they were created
during the manufacturing of that chemical)
. N150
Stayed Chemicals. There are three EPRCA section 313 chemicals that are listed in the CFR but
for which the Agency has issued an administrative stay that excludes them from reporting until the stays
are lifted. These chemicals, identified by "313s" in the Sec. 313 table column, are methyl mercaptan
(CAS number 74-93-1), hydrogen sulfide (CAS number 7783-06-4), and 2,2-dibromo-3-
nitrilopropionamide (CAS number 10222-01-2). Check the TRI website (www.epa.gov/triexplorer) for
updated regulatory information.
TRI Thresholds. Reporting under EPCRA section 313 is triggered by the quantity of a chemical
that is manufactured, processed, or otherwise used during the calendar year. For most TRI chemicals, the
thresholds are 25,000 pounds manufactured or processed or 10,000 pound otherwise used. EPA has
recently lowered the reporting thresholds for certain chemicals and chemical categories that meet the
criteria for persistence and bioaccumulation. The following list provides the thresholds for these
chemicals( in pounds unless otherwise noted):
Chemical Name or Category
Aldrin
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Chlordane
Dioxin and dioxin-like compound category (manufacturing; and
processing or otherwise use of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds if they
are present as contaminants in a chemical and if they were created during
the manufacture of that chemical)
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Isodrin
Lead and lead compounds except lead contained in stainless steel, brass,
and bronze alloys (applies to reporting for 2001 (due July 2002) and later)
Methoxychlor
Octachlorostyrene
Pendimethalin
Pentachlorobenzene
Polycyclic aromatic compounds category
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
CAS Number
309-00-2
191-24-2
57-74-9
NA
76-44-8
118-74-1
465-73-6
NA
72-43-5
29082-74-4
40487-42-1
608-93-5
NA
1336-36-3
Threshold (Ibs)
100
10
10
0. 1 gram
10
10
10
100
100
10
100
10
100
10
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Tetrabromobisphenol A
Toxaphene
Trifluralin
Mercury
Mercury compounds
79-94-7
8001-35-2
1582-09-8
7439.97-6
NA
100
10
100
10
10
(5) Chemical Categories
The CERCLA and EPCRA section 313 lists include a number of chemical categories as well as
specific chemicals. Categories appear on this consolidated list at the end of the CAS number listing.
Specific chemicals listed as members of the diisocyanates, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, and PAC
categories under EPCRA section 313 (see section (4) above) are included in the list of specific chemicals
by CAS number, not in the category listing. The chemicals on the consolidated list have not been
systematically evaluated to determine whether they fall into any of the CERCLA listed categories, but
EPA has attempted to identify those listed chemicals that are clearly reportable under one or more of the
EPCRA section 313 categories.
Some chemicals not specifically listed under CERCLA may be subject to CERCLA reporting as
part of a category. For example, strychnine sulfate (CAS number 60-41-3), listed under EPCRA section
302, is not individually listed on the CERCLA list, but is subject to CERCLA reporting under the listing
for strychnine and salts (CAS number 57-24-9), with an RQ of 10 pounds. Similarly, nicotine sulfate
(CAS number 65-30-5) is subject to CERCLA reporting under the listing for nicotine and salts (CAS
number 54-11-5, RQ 100 pounds), and warfarin sodium (CAS number 129-06-6) is subject to CERCLA
reporting under the listing for warfarin and salts, concentration >0.3% (CAS number 81-81-2, RQ 100
pounds). Note that some CERCLA listings, although they include CAS numbers, are for general
categories and are not restricted to the specific CAS number (e.g., warfarin and salts). The CERCLA list
also includes a number of generic categories that have not been assigned RQs; chemicals falling into
these categories are considered CERCLA hazardous substances, but are not required to be reported under
CERCLA unless otherwise listed under CERCLA with an RQ.
A number of chemical categories are subject to EPCRA section 313 reporting. Certain chemicals
listed under EPCRA section 302, CERCLA, or CAA section 112(r) may belong to section 313 categories.
For example, mercuric acetate (CAS number 1600-27-7), listed under section 302, is not specifically
listed under section 313, but is reportable under the section 313 "Mercury Compounds" category (no
CAS number). Listed chemicals that have been identified as being reportable under one or more EPCRA
section 313 categories are identified by "313c" in the Sec. 313 table column.
(6) RCRA Hazardous Wastes
The consolidated list includes specific chemicals from the RCRA P and U lists only (40 CFR
261.33). This listing is provided as an indicator that companies may already have data on a specific
chemical that may be useful for EPCRA reporting. It is not intended to be a comprehensive list of RCRA
P and U chemicals. RCRA hazardous wastes consisting of waste streams on the F and K lists, and wastes
exhibiting the characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity, are provided in a
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separate list. This list also includes carbamate wastes added to the CERCLA list with one-pound
statutory RQs (indicated by an asterisk ("*") following the RQ). The descriptions of the F and K waste
streams have been abbreviated; see 40 CFR Part 302, Table 302.4, or 40 CFR Part 261 for complete
descriptions.
RCRA Code. The letter-and-digit code in the RCRA Code column is the chemical's RCRA
hazardous waste code.
Summary of Codes
A Reporting threshold has changed since November 1998.
+ Member of PAC category.
# Member of diisocyanate category.
X Indicates that this is a second name for a chemical already included on this consolidated list. May
also indicate that the same chemical with the same CAS number appears on another list with a
different chemical name.
* RCRA carbamate waste; statutory one-pound RQ applies until RQs are adjusted.
** This chemical was identified from a Premanufacture Review Notice (PMN) submitted to EPA. The
submitter has claimed certain information on the submission to be confidential, including
specific chemical identity.
*** Indicates that no RQ is assigned to this generic or broad class, although the class is a CERCLA
hazardous substance. See 50 Federal Register 13456 (April 4, 1985). Values in Section 313
column represent Category Codes for reporting under Section 313.
c Although not listed by name and CAS number, this chemical is reportable under one or more of the
EPCRA section 313 chemical categories.
s Indicates that this chemical is currently under an administrative stay of the EPCRA section 313
reporting requirements, therefore, no Toxics Release Inventory reports are required until the stay
is removed.
! Member of the dioxin and dioxin-like compounds category.
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LIST OF LISTS
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF CHEMICALS (BY CAS NUMBER) SUBJECT TO THE EMERGENCY PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA) AND SECTION 112(r) OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT
NAME
Chlordane (Technical Mixture and
Metabolites)
Chlorinated Benzenes
Chlorinated Ethanes
Chlorinated Naphthalene
Chloroalkyl Ethers
Coke Oven Emissions
DDT and Metabolites
Dichlorobenzidine
Diphenylhydrazine
Endosulfan and Metabolites
Endrin and Metabolites
Fine mineral fibers
Haloethers
Halomethanes
Heptachlor and Metabolites
Nitrophenols
Nitrosamines
Organorhodium Complex (PMN-82-
147)
Phthalate Esters
Polycyclic organic matter
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (solution)
Mitomycin C
Ergocalciferol
Cyclophosphamide
DDT
Benzo[a]pyrene
Reserpine
Piperonyl butoxide
5-Fluorouracil
Fluorouracil
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Epinephrine
2-Chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-
methylethanamine
Mechlorethamine
Nitrogen mustard
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Ethyl carbamate
Urethane
Carbachol chloride
Phosphonic acid, (2,2,2-trichloro-1-
hydroxyethyl)-, dimethyl ester
Trichlorfon
Famphur
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50-00-0
50-00-0
50-07-7
50-14-6
50-18-0
50-29-3
50-32-8
50-55-5
51-03-6
51-21-8
51-21-8
51-28-5
51-43-4
51-75-2
51-75-2
51-75-2
51-79-6
51-79-6
51-79-6
51-83-2
52-68-6
52-68-6
52-85-7
53-70-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10/10,000
500
500
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
10
10
10
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
100
10
1,000
500
500
10
10
10
500
CERCLA
RQ
***
***
***
***
***
1
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
**
***
***
***
100
100
10
10
1
1
5,000
10
1,000
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
1
Section
313
313
X
313+A
313
X
313
313
X
X
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
313+A
RCRA
CODE
U122
U122
U010
U058
U061
U022
U200
P048
P042
U238
U238
U238
P097
U063
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
15,000
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NAME
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Nicotine
Nicotine and salts
Pyridine, 3-(1 -methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-,(S)-
Aminopterin
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
Benzamide
Fenthion
O,O-DimethylO-(3-methyl-4-(methylthio)
phenyl) ester, phosphorothioic acid
Nitroglycerin
Diisopropylfluorophosphate
Isofluorphate
Methylthiouracil
Carbon tetrachloride
Cantharidin
Bis(tributyltin) oxide
Parathion
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl-O-(4-
nitrophenyl) ester
3-Methylcholanthrene
Diethylstilbestrol
Benz[a]anthracene
Coumaphos
Cyanides (soluble salts and complexes)
1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine
Dimethylhydrazine
Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-
Strychnine
Strychnine, and salts
Pentobarbital sodium
Phenytoin
Physostigmine
beta-Propiolactone
Physostigmine, salicylate (1:1)
4,7-Methanoindan, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-
octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
Chlordane
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Phenoxarsine, 10,10'-oxydi-
Cyclohexane, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-
, (1. alpha. ,2. alpha., 3. beta., 4. alpha., 5. alph
a., 6. beta. )-
Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma isomer)
Lindane
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride
N-Nitrosomorpholine
Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Dimethylaminoazobenzene
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
53-96-3
54-11-5
54-11-5
54-11-5
54-62-6
55-18-5
55-21-0
55-38-9
55-38-9
55-63-0
55-91-4
55-91-4
56-04-2
56-23-5
56-25-7
56-35-9
56-38-2
56-38-2
56-49-5
56-53-1
56-55-3
56-72-4
57-12-5
57-14-7
57-14-7
57-14-7
57-24-9
57-24-9
57-33-0
57-41-0
57-47-6
57-57-8
57-64-7
57-74-9
57-74-9
57-97-6
58-36-6
58-89-9
58-89-9
58-89-9
58-90-2
59-50-7
59-88-1
59-89-2
60-00-4
60-09-3
60-11-7
60-11-7
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
100
500/10,000
100
100
100/10,000
100
100
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
1,000/10,000
1,000/10,000
1,000/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
500
100
100
100
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1*
10
1*
1
1
500
1
1
1
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
1
100
100
100
1
10
100
100
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1*
10
1*
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
5,000
1
5,000
10
10
Section
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
313+A
313+A
31 3c
313
X
X
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
X
31 3A
313+A
X
X
313
31 3c
313
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U005
P075
P075
P075
U174
P081
P043
P043
U164
U211
P089
P089
U157
U089
U018
P030
U098
U098
U098
P108
P108
P204
P188
U036
U036
U094
U129
U129
U129
U039
U093
U093
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
15,000
15,000
-------
NAME
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis-
Ethyl ether
Hydrazine, methyl-
Methyl hydrazine
Acetamide
Strychnine, sulfate
Dimethoate
Dieldrin
Amitrole
Phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylmercury acetate
Phenacetin
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Aniline
Thioacetamide
Thiourea
Dichlorvos
Phosphoric acid, 2-dichloroethenyl
dimethyl ester
Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt
Sodium fluoroacetate
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
1-Naphthalenol, methylcarbamate
Carbaryl
Phenol, 3-(1-methylethyl)-,
methylcarbamate
Formic acid
Acetic acid
Diethyl sulfate
Tetracycline hydrochloride
Colchicine
Nicotine sulfate
Benzole acid
Uracil mustard
Cycloheximide
Methanol
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg-strong acid
process)
Acetone
Chloroform
Methane, trichloro-
Hexachloroethane
Dimethylformamide
N,N-Dimethylformamide
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione, 2,3,5-
tris(l-aziridinyl)-
Triaziquone
Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-
Hexachlorophene
Propiophenone, 4'-amino
n-Butyl alcohol
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
60-29-7
60-29-7
60-34-4
60-34-4
60-35-5
60-41-3
60-51-5
60-57-1
61-82-5
62-38-4
62-38-4
62-44-2
62-50-0
62-53-3
62-55-5
62-56-6
62-73-7
62-73-7
62-74-8
62-74-8
62-75-9
62-75-9
62-75-9
63-25-2
63-25-2
64-00-6
64-18-6
64-19-7
64-67-5
64-75-5
64-86-8
65-30-5
65-85-0
66-75-1
66-81-9
67-56-1
67-63-0
67-64-1
67-66-3
67-66-3
67-72-1
68-12-2
68-12-2
68-76-8
68-76-8
70-25-7
70-30-4
70-69-9
71-36-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10/10,000
10/10,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
500/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
10,000
10,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
10
10
100
100
5,000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1*
10
100
100
10
10
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
10
10
100
10
10
1
10
100
100
100
1
5,000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
100
100
1*
5,000
5,000
10
100
5,000
10
5,000
5,000
10
10
100
100
100
10
100
5,000
Section
313
X
313
313
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
31 3c
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U117
U117
P068
P068
P044
P037
U011
P092
P092
U187
U119
U012
U218
U219
P058
P058
P082
P082
P082
U279
U279
P202
U123
U237
U154
U002
U044
U044
U131
U163
U132
U031
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
15,000
15,000
20,000
20,000
-------
NAME
Benzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl chloroform
Digitoxin
Endrin
Benzene, 1, 1 '-(2,2,2-
trichloroethylidene)bis [4-methoxy-
Methoxychlor
ODD
DDE
Trypan blue
Methane
Bromomethane
Methyl bromide
Ethane
Ethene
Ethylene
Acetylene
Ethyne
Chloromethane
Methane, chloro-
Methyl chloride
Methyl iodide
Methanamine
Monomethylamine
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Methanethiol
Methyl mercaptan
Thiomethanol
Methylene bromide
Propane
1-Propyne
Propyne
Chloroethane
Ethane, chloro-
Ethyl chloride
Ethene, chloro-
Vinyl chloride
Ethene, fluoro-
Vinyl fluoride
Ethanamine
Monoethylamine
Acetonitrile
Acetaldehyde
Ethanethiol
Ethyl mercaptan
Dichloromethane
Methylene chloride
Carbon disulfide
Cyclopropane
Calcium carbide
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
71-43-2
71-55-6
71-55-6
71-63-6
72-20-8
72-43-5
72-43-5
72-54-8
72-55-9
72-57-1
74-82-8
74-83-9
74-83-9
74-84-0
74-85-1
74-85-1
74-86-2
74-86-2
74-87-3
74-87-3
74-87-3
74-88-4
74-89-5
74-89-5
74-90-8
74-90-8
74-93-1
74-93-1
74-93-1
74-95-3
74-98-6
74-99-7
74-99-7
75-00-3
75-00-3
75-00-3
75-01-4
75-01-4
75-02-5
75-02-5
75-04-7
75-04-7
75-05-8
75-07-0
75-08-1
75-08-1
75-09-2
75-09-2
75-15-0
75-19-4
75-20-7
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
500
500
500
10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
1
1,000
1,000
10
10
100
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
1,000
1,000
1
1
1
1
1
10
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
10
100
100
100
1,000
100
100
100
1
1
100
100
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
10
Section
313
313
313
X
X
31 3A
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
X
313
X
313
X
313s
X
313
313
X
X
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U019
U226
U226
P051
U247
U247
U060
U236
U029
U029
U045
U045
U045
U138
P063
P063
U153
U153
U153
U068
U043
U043
U003
U001
U080
U080
P022
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
2,500
2,500
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
10,000
-------
NAME
Ethylene oxide
Oxirane
Bromoform
Tribromomethane
Dichlorobromo methane
Isobutane
Propane, 2-methyl
Isopropyl chloride
Propane, 2-chloro-
2-Propanamine
Isopropylamine
1,1-Dichloroethane
Ethylidene Dichloride
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
Vinylidene chloride
Acetyl chloride
Difluoroethane
Ethane, 1,1-difluoro-
Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-
Vinylidene fluoride
Dichlorofluoromethane
HCFC-21
Carbonic dichloride
Phosgene
Chlorodifluoromethane
HCFC-22
Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-
Trimethylamine
Aziridine, 2-methyl
Propyleneimine
Oxirane, methyl-
Propylene oxide
Cacodylic acid
Bromotrifluoro methane
Halon 1301
tert-Butylamine
tert-Butyl alcohol
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
HCFC-142b
CFC-11
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromonofluoromethane
CFC-12
Dichlorodifluoromethane
CFC-13
Chlorotrifluoromethane
Plumbane, tetramethyl-
Tetramethyllead
Silane, tetramethyl-
Tetramethylsilane
Silane, chlorotrimethyl-
CAS/313
Category
Codes
75-21-8
75-21-8
75-25-2
75-25-2
75-27-4
75-28-5
75-28-5
75-29-6
75-29-6
75-31-0
75-31-0
75-34-3
75-34-3
75-35-4
75-35-4
75-35-4
75-36-5
75-37-6
75-37-6
75-38-7
75-38-7
75-43-4
75-43-4
75-44-5
75-44-5
75-45-6
75-45-6
75-50-3
75-50-3
75-55-8
75-55-8
75-56-9
75-56-9
75-60-5
75-63-8
75-63-8
75-64-9
75-65-0
75-68-3
75-68-3
75-69-4
75-69-4
75-69-4
75-71-8
75-71-8
75-72-9
75-72-9
75-74-1
75-74-1
75-76-3
75-76-3
75-77-4
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
1,000
10
10
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
100
100
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
10
10
1
1
100
100
100
100
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
100
100
5,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
5,000
10
10
100
100
1
1
100
100
1
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
Section
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
X
X
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
X
313
X
X
313
X
313
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
U115
U115
U225
U225
U076
U076
U078
U078
U078
U006
P095
P095
P067
P067
U136
U121
U121
U121
U075
U075
CAA
112(r)
TO
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
500
500
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
-------
NAME
Trimethylchlorosilane
Dimethyldichlorosilane
Silane, dichlorodimethyl-
Methyltrichlorosilane
Silane, trichloromethyl-
2-Methyllactonitrile
Acetone cyanohydrin
Acetaldehyde, trichloro-
2-Chloro-1 ,1 ,1-trifluoroethane
HCFC-133a
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
Pentachloroethane
Trichloroacetyl chloride
Chloropicrin
Ethane, 1 ,1 ,2-trichloro-1 ,2,2,-trifluoro-
Freon 113
CFC-114
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
CFC-115
Monochloropentafluoroethane
1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene
Heptachlor
Triphenyltin hydroxide
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene
Dimethyl sulfate
Tabun
Tetraethyl lead
Dioxathion
DEF
S,S,S-Tributyltrithiophosphate
Amiton
Isophorone
Oxetane, 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)-
Butane, 2-methyl-
Isopentane
1 ,3-Butadiene, 2-methyl-
Isoprene
iso-Butylamine
Isobutyronitrile
Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobutyraldehyde
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Propane 1 ,2-dichloro-
2,3-Dichloropropene
sec-Butyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl vinyl ketone
Lactonitrile
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
75-77-4
75-78-5
75-78-5
75-79-6
75-79-6
75-86-5
75-86-5
75-87-6
75-88-7
75-88-7
75-99-0
76-01-7
76-02-8
76-06-2
76-13-1
76-13-1
76-14-2
76-14-2
76-15-3
76-15-3
76-44-8
76-44-8
76-87-9
77-47-4
77-73-6
77-78-1
77-81-6
78-00-2
78-34-2
78-48-8
78-48-8
78-53-5
78-59-1
78-71-7
78-78-4
78-78-4
78-79-5
78-79-5
78-81-9
78-82-0
78-82-0
78-83-1
78-84-2
78-87-5
78-87-5
78-88-6
78-92-2
78-93-3
78-93-3
78-94-4
78-97-7
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
500
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
500
100
500
10
100
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
10
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
500
500
500
500
10
10
500
10
100
10
10
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
10
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
5,000
5,000
10
1
1
10
100
10
5,000
100
100
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
Section
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
X
31 3A
313
313
313
313
31 3c
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
P069
P069
U034
U184
P059
P059
U130
U103
P110
U140
U083
U083
U159
U159
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
20,000
-------
NAME
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Acrylamide
Propionic acid
Acrylic acid
Chloroacetic acid
Thiosemicarbazide
Ethaneperoxoic acid
Peracetic acid
Carbonochloridic acid, methylester
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl chloroformate
iso-Butyric acid
1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Ethene, chlorotrifluoro-
Trifluorochloroethylene
Dimethylcarbamyl chloride
2-Nitropropane
Tetrabromobisphenol A
4,4'-lsopropylidenediphenol
Cumene hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, 1 -methyl-1 -phenylethyl-
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl 2-chloroacrylate
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Saccharin and salts
Warfarin
Warfarin, & salts, conc>0.3%
C.I. Food Red 15
1 -Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
Diphacinone
PCNB
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Quintozene
Acenaphthene
Diethyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
Diquat
Phenanthrene
Phthalic anhydride
Butyl benzyl phthalate
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Azinphos-methyl
Guthion
Fluorene
ANTU
Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyl-
2,6-Xylidine
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Hexachloro-1 ,3-butadiene
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
78-99-9
79-00-5
79-01-6
79-06-1
79-09-4
79-10-7
79-11-8
79-19-6
79-21-0
79-21-0
79-22-1
79-22-1
79-22-1
79-31-2
79-34-5
79-38-9
79-38-9
79-44-7
79-46-9
79-94-7
80-05-7
80-15-9
80-15-9
80-62-6
80-63-7
81-07-2
81-07-2
81-81-2
81-81-2
81-88-9
82-28-0
82-66-6
82-68-8
82-68-8
82-68-8
83-32-9
84-66-2
84-74-2
84-74-2
85-00-7
85-01-8
85-44-9
85-68-7
86-30-6
86-50-0
86-50-0
86-73-7
86-88-4
86-88-4
87-62-7
87-65-0
87-68-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
500
500
500
500
500/10,000
10/10,000
10/10,000
10/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
5,000
100
100
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
100
10
1
1
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
100
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
100
1
10
10
10
1,000
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
10
10
1,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
1
1
5,000
100
100
100
1
Section
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
31 3A
313
313
X
313
313
X313c
X313c
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U227
U228
U007
U008
P116
U156
U156
U156
U209
U097
U171
U096
U096
U162
U202
U202
P001
P001
U185
U185
U185
U088
U069
U069
U190
P072
P072
U082
U128
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
-------
NAME
Hexachlorobutadiene
PCP
Pentachlorophenol
Aniline, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
o-Nitrotoluene
2-Nitrophenol
Dinitrobutyl phenol
Dinoseb
Picric acid
o-Anisidine
2-Phenylphenol
Michler's ketone
Benzene, 1 ,3-diisocyanato-2-methyl-
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Naphthalene
Quinoline
2-Chloronaphthalene
beta-Naphthylamine
N,N-Diethylaniline
Methapyrilene
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine-4,4'-
diisocyanate
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diphenylene
diisocyanate
Biphenyl
4-Aminobiphenyl
Benzidine
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Mecoprop
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
2,4,5-T acid
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D isopropyl ester
Benzoyl peroxide
Dihydrosafrole
Safrole
(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid
MCPA
Methoxone
2,4-D
2,4-D Acid
2,4-D, salts and esters
Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D butyl ester
2,4-D Esters
2,4-DB
Benzene, o-dimethyl-
o-Xylene
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
87-68-3
87-86-5
87-86-5
88-05-1
88-06-2
88-72-2
88-75-5
88-85-7
88-85-7
88-89-1
90-04-0
90-43-7
90-94-8
91-08-7
91-08-7
91-20-3
91-22-5
91-58-7
91-59-8
91-66-7
91-80-5
91-93-0
91-94-1
91-97-4
92-52-4
92-67-1
92-87-5
92-93-3
93-65-2
93-72-1
93-76-5
93-79-8
94-11-1
94-11-1
94-36-0
94-58-6
94-59-7
94-74-6
94-74-6
94-74-6
94-75-7
94-75-7
94-75-7
94-75-7
94-79-1
94-80-4
94-80-4
94-82-6
95-47-6
95-47-6
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
100
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
1,000
1,000
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1
10
10
10
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
100
5,000
5,000
10
1,000
5,000
1
100
1
1
10
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
Section
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
31 3#
313
31 3#
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
X
313
X
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U128
P020
P020
U165
U047
U168
U155
U073
U021
U090
U203
U240
U240
U240
U240
U239
U239
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
-------
NAME
o-Cresol
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
o-Toluidine
1 ,2-Phenylenediamine
2-Chlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
p-Chloro-o-toluidine
2,4-Diaminotoluene
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Styrene oxide
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
DBCP
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
Methyl acrylate
Ethylene thiourea
2,2'-Methylenebis(4-chlorophenol
Dichlorophene
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3
Ethyl methacrylate
Furfural
Benzenearsonic acid
Benzole trichloride
Benzotrichloride
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Trichlorophenylsilane
Benzenamine, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-
Cumene
Acetophenone
Benzal chloride
Benzoyl chloride
Nitrobenzene
m-Nitrotoluene
2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline
Dichloran
1 ,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
m-Dinitrobenzene
Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine
p-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitroaniline
4-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
Benzene, 1 -(chloromethyl)-4-nitro-
p-Dinitrobenzene
Ethylbenzene
Styrene
Benzyl chloride
Benzonitrile
N-Nitrosopiperidine
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
95-48-7
95-50-1
95-50-1
95-53-4
95-54-5
95-57-8
95-63-6
95-69-2
95-80-7
95-94-3
95-95-4
96-09-3
96-12-8
96-12-8
96-18-4
96-33-3
96-45-7
97-23-4
97-23-4
97-56-3
97-63-2
98-01-1
98-05-5
98-07-7
98-07-7
98-09-9
98-13-5
98-16-8
98-82-8
98-86-2
98-87-3
98-88-4
98-95-3
99-08-1
99-30-9
99-30-9
99-35-4
99-55-8
99-59-2
99-65-0
99-98-9
99-99-0
100-01-6
100-02-7
100-02-7
100-14-1
100-25-4
100-41-4
100-42-5
100-44-7
100-47-0
100-75-4
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000/10,000
10/10,000
100
100
500
500
500
10,000
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
10
10
10
500
500
5,000
1,000
10
500
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
100
100
100
10
5,000
10
100
1
1
10
1,000
5,000
10
10
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10
100
100
1,000
5,000
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
10
Section
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U052
U070
U070
U328
U048
U207
U066
U066
U116
U118
U125
U023
U023
U020
U055
U004
U017
U169
U234
U181
P077
U170
U170
P028
U179
CAA
112(r)
TQ
-------
NAME
4,6-Dichloro-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,5-
triazin-2-amine
Anilazine
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
MBOCA
Barban
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-
dimethyl)benzenamine
MDI
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diglycidyl resorcinol ether
Isocyanic acid, 3,4-dichlorophenyl ester
Phenylthiourea
p-Chlorophenyl isocyanate
1 ,4-Phenylene diisocyanate
p-Anisidine
sec-Butyl acetate
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Benzene, p-dimethyl-
p-Xylene
p-Cresol
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
p-Chloroaniline
p-Toluidine
p-Phenylenediamine
p-Benzoquinone
Quinone
1 ,2-Butylene oxide
Epichlorohydrin
Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Ethylene dibromide
Propargyl bromide
Butane
1-Butene
1,3-Butadiene
1-Butyne
Ethyl acetylene
2-Butene
2-Propenal
Acrolein
Allyl chloride
1,2-Dichloroethane
Ethylene dichloride
Chloroethanol
n-Propylamine
2-Propen-1-amine
Allylamine
Ethyl cyanide
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
101-05-3
101-05-3
101-14-4
101-14-4
101-27-9
101-55-3
101-61-1
101-68-8
101-68-8
101-77-9
101-80-4
101-90-6
102-36-3
103-85-5
104-12-1
104-49-4
104-94-9
105-46-4
105-67-9
106-42-3
106-42-3
106-44-5
106-46-7
106-47-8
106-49-0
106-50-3
106-51-4
106-51-4
106-88-7
106-89-8
106-89-8
106-93-4
106-93-4
106-96-7
106-97-8
106-98-9
106-99-0
107-00-6
107-00-6
107-01-7
107-02-8
107-02-8
107-05-1
107-06-2
107-06-2
107-07-3
107-10-8
107-11-9
107-11-9
107-12-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
10
500
500
500
500
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
100
100
100
10
1
1
500
500
500
10
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
1*
100
5,000
5,000
10
100
5,000
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
100
5,000
10
10
100
100
100
1
1
10
1
1
1,000
100
100
5,000
10
Section
313
X
313
313
X
313
X
31 3#
313
313
313
313
31 3#
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
X
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U158
U158
U280
U030
P093
U101
U239
U239
U052
U072
P024
U353
U197
U197
U041
U041
U067
U067
POOS
POOS
U077
U077
U194
P101
CAA
112(r)
TQ
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10
-------
NAME
Propanenitrile
Propionitrile
2-Propenenitrile
Acrylonitrile
1 ,2-Ethanediamine
Ethylenediamine
Formaldehyde cyanohydrin
2-Propen-1-ol
Allyl alcohol
Propargyl alcohol
Chloroacetaldehyde
Ethylene glycol
Ethene, methoxy-
Vinyl methyl ether
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Methane, chloromethoxy-
Formic acid, methyl ester
Methyl formate
Sarin
TEPP
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Butyric acid
Acetic acid ethenyl ester
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate monomer
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Carbonochloridic acid, 1-methylethyl
ester
Isopropyl chloroformate
Acetic anhydride
Maleic anhydride
Benzene, m-dimethyl-
m-Xylene
m-Cresol
1 ,3-Phenylenediamine
Resorcinol
Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether
Dichloroisopropyl ether
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Phenol
Benzenethiol
Thiophenol
2-Methylpyridine
2-Picoline
Carbonochloridic acid, propylester
Propyl chloroformate
Pentane
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
107-12-0
107-12-0
107-13-1
107-13-1
107-15-3
107-15-3
107-16-4
107-18-6
107-18-6
107-19-7
107-20-0
107-21-1
107-25-5
107-25-5
107-30-2
107-30-2
107-31-3
107-31-3
107-44-8
107-49-3
107-49-3
107-92-6
108-05-4
108-05-4
108-05-4
108-10-1
108-23-6
108-23-6
108-24-7
108-31-6
108-38-3
108-38-3
108-39-4
108-45-2
108-46-3
108-60-1
108-60-1
108-88-3
108-90-7
108-91-8
108-91-8
108-93-0
108-94-1
108-95-2
108-98-5
108-98-5
109-06-8
109-06-8
109-61-5
109-61-5
109-66-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
10
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
500/10,000
500
500
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
100
100
5,000
5,000
1,000
100
100
10
10
10
10
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
100
100
500
500
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
100
100
5,000
5,000
100
100
1,000
1,000
5,000
10
10
10
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
1,000
100
100
5,000
5,000
Section
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
P101
P101
U009
U009
P005
P005
P102
P023
U046
U046
P111
P111
U161
U147
U239
U239
U052
U201
U027
U027
U220
U037
U057
U188
P014
P014
U191
U191
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
11
-------
NAME
1-Pentene
Butylamine
Malononitrile
2-Methoxyethanol
Diethylamine
Ethene, ethoxy-
Vinyl ethyl ether
Ethyl nitrite
Nitrous acid, ethyl ester
Furan, tetrahydro-
Furan
Maleic acid
Fumaricacid
iso-Butyl acetate
Hexane
n-Hexane
trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
trans-1 ,4-Dichlorobutene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-
Cyclohexane
Pyridine
Piperidine
Diethanolamine
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts &
esters
Adiponitrile
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-,
methylcarbamate
Propoxur
Azaserine
1-Propene
Propene
Propylene
Methane, oxybis-
Methyl ether
1 -Propene, 2-methyl-
2-Methylpropene
Trichloroethylsilane
Dimefox
Chlorendic acid
Endosulfan
Benzenemethanol, 4-chloro-.alpha.-4-
chlorophenyl)-.alpha.-(trichloromethyl)-
Dicofol
Fensulfothion
Aldicarb
Ethene, tetrafluoro-
CAS/313
Category
Codes
109-67-1
109-73-9
109-77-3
109-86-4
109-89-7
109-92-2
109-92-2
109-95-5
109-95-5
109-99-9
110-00-9
110-16-7
110-17-8
110-19-0
110-54-3
110-54-3
110-57-6
110-57-6
110-75-8
110-80-5
110-80-5
110-82-7
110-86-1
110-89-4
111-42-2
111-44-4
111-44-4
111-54-6
111-69-3
111-91-1
114-26-1
114-26-1
115-02-6
115-07-1
115-07-1
115-07-1
115-10-6
115-10-6
115-11-7
115-11-7
115-21-9
115-26-4
115-28-6
115-29-7
115-32-2
115-32-2
115-90-2
116-06-3
116-14-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500
500
500
1,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
500
500
10/10,000
500
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
100
500
500
1,000
10
10
1,000
500
500
1
500
1
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
10
10
5,000
1,000
100
100
1
1
10
10
1
Section
313
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
X
313
X
X
313
313
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U149
U213
U124
U042
U359
U359
U056
U196
U025
U025
U114
U024
U411
U411
U015
P050
P070
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
12
-------
NAME
Tetrafluoroethylene
2-Aminoanthraquinone
Dichlone
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
DEHP
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
n-Dioctyl phthalate
Hexachlorobenzene
Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl
dimethylcarbamate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
o-Tolidine
Anthracene
2,4-DP
Isosafrole
p-Cresidine
Catechol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrins
Triethylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Malathion
Benzeneethanamine, alpha, alpha-
dimethyl-
Simazine
Diphenylamine
Propham
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-diphenyl-
Hydrazobenzene
Hydroquinone
Maleic hydrazide
Propionaldehyde
1 ,3-Phenylene diisocyanate
Propionic anhydride
Paraldehyde
Butyraldehyde
2-Butenal, (e)-
Crotonaldehyde, (E)-
Butyl acetate
1 ,4-Dioxane
iso-Amyl acetate
Adipic acid
Dimethylamine
Methanamine, N-methyl-
Sodium methylate
Chlorodibromomethane
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
116-14-3
117-79-3
117-80-6
117-81-7
117-81-7
117-81-7
117-84-0
117-84-0
118-74-1
119-38-0
119-90-4
119-93-7
119-93-7
120-12-7
120-36-5
120-58-1
120-71-8
120-80-9
120-82-1
120-83-2
121-14-2
121-21-1
121-29-9
121-44-8
121-69-7
121-75-5
122-09-8
122-34-9
122-39-4
122-42-9
122-66-7
122-66-7
122-66-7
123-31-9
123-33-1
123-38-6
123-61-5
123-62-6
123-63-7
123-72-8
123-73-9
123-73-9
123-86-4
123-91-1
123-92-2
124-04-9
124-40-3
124-40-3
124-41-4
124-48-1
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500/10,000
1,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1*
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1
100
100
100
5,000
5,000
10
1*
100
10
10
5,000
100
100
100
100
10
1
1
5,000
100
100
5,000
1*
10
10
10
100
5,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
100
100
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
Section
313
313
X
X
313
31 3A
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
31 3#
313
313
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U028
U028
U028
U107
U107
U127
P192
U091
U095
U095
U141
U081
U105
U404
P046
U373
U109
U109
U109
U148
U182
U053
U053
U108
U092
U092
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
13
-------
NAME
Sodium cacodylate
Dibromotetrafluoroethane
Halon 2402
Picrotoxin
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-
Methacrylonitrile
Chloroprene
Perchloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Zinc phenolsulfonate
Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
C.I. Vat Yellow 4
Pyrene
Warfarin sodium
1,4-Naphthoquinone
Dimethyl phthalate
Sodium pentachlorophenate
Ammonium picrate
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Sodium o-phenylphenoxide
Dibenzofuran
1 H-lsoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione, 3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
Captan
Folpet
Benzole acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichloro-
Chloramben
o-Anisidine hydrochloride
alpha-Naphthylamine
Benzeneamine, N-hydroxy-N-nitroso,
ammonium salt
Cupferron
Dipropyl isocinchomeronate
Thiram
Ziram
Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate
Metham sodium
Sodium methyldithiocarbamate
Disodium cyanodithioimidocarbonate
Nitrilotriacetic acid
3,3'-Dimethyldiphenylmethane-4,4'-
diisocyanate
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Benzyl cyanide
Pyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinyl-
Ethyl acrylate
Butyl acrylate
Dicrotophos
Ethyl acetate
1,3-Dichloropropane
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
124-65-2
124-73-2
124-73-2
124-87-8
126-72-7
126-98-7
126-98-7
126-99-8
127-18-4
127-18-4
127-82-2
128-03-0
128-04-1
128-66-5
129-00-0
129-06-6
130-15-4
131-11-3
131-52-2
131-74-8
131-89-5
132-27-4
132-64-9
133-06-2
133-06-2
133-07-3
133-90-4
133-90-4
134-29-2
134-32-7
135-20-6
135-20-6
136-45-8
137-26-8
137-30-4
137-41-7
137-42-8
137-42-8
138-93-2
139-13-9
139-25-3
139-65-1
140-29-4
140-76-1
140-88-5
141-32-2
141-66-2
141-78-6
142-28-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
500
1,000
1,000
5,000
100
500
500
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
5,000
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
10
100
100
10
10
100
100
100
10
1*
1,000
5,000
5,000
Section
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
31 3c
313
313
313
31 3c
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
31 3#
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U235
U152
U152
U210
U210
U166
U102
P009
P034
U167
U244
P205
U113
U112
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
14
-------
NAME
Nabam
Cupric acetate
Dipropylamine
Sodium cyanide (Na(CN))
Kepone
Fluoroacetic acid
Endothall
2-(4-Thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazole
Thiabendazole
Melphalan
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
MET
Dichloromethylphenylsilane
Merphos
Monuron
Methoxyethylmercuric acetate
Potassium cyanide
Aziridine
Ethyleneimine
Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
Calcium cyanamide
Benzo(rst)pentaphene
Dibenz[a,i]pyrene
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
lndeno(1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
Benzo(j)fluoranthene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Acenaphthylene
Benzo(a)phenanthrene
Chrysene
Dibenz(a,j)acridine
Benz[c]acridine
Dibenz(a,h)acridine
Isobenzan
O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl
phosphorothioate
Thionazin
Methyl parathion
Parathion-methyl
Phorate
Disulfoton
Amphetamine
Naled
Lead acetate
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
142-59-6
142-71-2
142-84-7
143-33-9
143-50-0
144-49-0
145-73-3
148-79-8
148-79-8
148-82-3
149-30-4
149-30-4
149-74-6
150-50-5
150-68-5
151-38-2
151-50-8
151-56-4
151-56-4
152-16-9
156-10-5
156-60-5
156-62-7
189-55-9
189-55-9
189-64-0
191-24-2
191-30-0
192-65-4
193-39-5
194-59-2
205-82-3
205-99-2
206-44-0
207-08-9
208-96-8
218-01-9
218-01-9
224-42-0
225-51-4
226-36-8
297-78-9
297-97-2
297-97-2
298-00-0
298-00-0
298-02-2
298-04-4
300-62-9
300-76-5
301-04-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
10/10,000
1,000
500/10,000
100
500
500
100
100/10,000
500
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
10
500
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
1,000
500
10
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
1
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
100
5,000
10
1
1,000
1
10
1
1
100
1,000
1,000
10
10
5,000
100
1
100
5,000
5,000
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
1
10
10
Section
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
313
X
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
313
313
313+
X
313+A
31 3A
313+A
313+A
313+A
313+A
313+A
313+A
X
313+A
313+A
X
313+A
313+A
313
X
313
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
U110
P106
U142
P088
U150
P098
P054
P054
P085
U079
U064
U064
U137
U120
U050
U050
U016
P040
P040
P071
P071
P094
P039
U144
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
15
-------
NAME
Oxydemeton methyl
S-(2-(Ethylsulfinyl)ethyl)O,O-dimethyl
ester phosphorothioic acid
Hydrazine
Lasiocarpine
Chlorambucil
2,2-Dichloro-1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoroethane
HCFC-123
1 ,4:5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,
1 ,2,3,4,1 0,1 0-hexachloro-1 ,4,4a,5,8,8a-
hexahydro-
(1 .alpha., 4. alpha. ,4a. beta. ,5. alpha., 8. alp
ha.,8a.beta.)-
Aldrin
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
5-Bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)-
2,4-(1 H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
Bromacil
Mexacarbate
Emetine, dihydrochloride
alpha-BHC
alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
Trichloronate
2,5-Dinitrophenol
Diuron
Linuron
Diazinon
Diazomethane
Boron trifluoride compound with methyl
ether (1:1)
Boron, trifluoro[oxybis[methane]]-, (T-4)-
Carbonic difluoride
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
Halon 1211
1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane
HCFC-121a
1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane
HCFC-121
1 ,2-Dichloro-1 ,1 ,2-trifluoroethane
HCFC-123a
1-Chloro-1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
HCFC-124a
Brucine
Fluoroacetyl chloride
Ethylene fluorohydrin
Ergotamine tartrate
1,2-Dichloro-1, 1,2,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225bb
2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3-
pentafluoropropane
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
301-12-2
301-12-2
302-01-2
303-34-4
305-03-3
306-83-2
306-83-2
309-00-2
309-00-2
311-45-5
314-40-9
314-40-9
315-18-4
316-42-7
319-84-6
319-84-6
319-85-7
319-86-8
327-98-0
329-71-5
330-54-1
330-55-2
333-41-5
334-88-3
353-42-4
353-42-4
353-50-4
353-59-3
353-59-3
354-11-0
354-11-0
354-14-3
354-14-3
354-23-4
354-23-4
354-25-6
354-25-6
357-57-3
359-06-8
371-62-0
379-79-3
422-44-6
422-44-6
422-48-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1/10,000
500
1,000
1,000
10
10
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
1
1
1,000
1
500
1,000
1,000
10
10
500
CERCLA
RQ
1
10
10
1
1
100
1,000
10
10
1
1
10
100
1
100
1,000
100
Section
313
313
X
313
313
X
X
31 3A
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U133
U143
U035
P004
P004
P041
P128
U033
P018
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
15,000
15,000
16
-------
NAME
HCFC-225ba
3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225ca
1,2-Dichloro-1, 1,3,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225da
Cyanogen
Ethanedinitrile
3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane
HCFC-253fb
1,2-Propadiene
Propadiene
Carbon oxide sulfide (COS)
Carbonyl sulfide
2,2-Dimethylpropane
Propane, 2,2-dimethyl-
Isodrin
Chlorfenvinfos
Auramine
C.I. Solvent Yellow 34
Chlornaphazine
Diaminotoluene
Methylmercuric dicyanamide
4-Aminopyridine
Pyridine, 4-amino-
1,3-Pentadiene
Ethane, 1,1'-thiobis[2-chloro-
Mustard gas
Potassium silver cyanide
Silver cyanide
Cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen chloride
Cyanogen chloride ((CN)CI)
Cyanogen iodide
Ammonium carbonate
Acetyl bromide
1,3-Dichloro-1, 1,2,2,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225cb
Methane, tetranitro-
Tetranitromethane
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-.alpha.-(4-
chlorophenyl)-.alpha.-hydroxy-, ethyl
ester
Chlorobenzilate
sec-Butylamine
Dithiazanine iodide
o-Dinitrobenzene
2-Chloroacetophenone
Dazomet
Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-
thiadiazine-2-thione
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
422-48-0
422-56-0
422-56-0
431-86-7
431-86-7
460-19-5
460-19-5
460-35-5
460-35-5
463-49-0
463-49-0
463-58-1
463-58-1
463-82-1
463-82-1
465-73-6
470-90-6
492-80-8
492-80-8
494-03-1
496-72-0
502-39-6
504-24-5
504-24-5
504-60-9
505-60-2
505-60-2
506-61-6
506-64-9
506-68-3
506-77-4
506-77-4
506-78-5
506-87-6
506-96-7
507-55-1
507-55-1
509-14-8
509-14-8
510-15-6
510-15-6
513-49-5
514-73-8
528-29-0
532-27-4
533-74-4
533-74-4
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
500
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
500
500
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
500
500
1,000
1,000
500
500
1
1,000
1,000
10
10
500
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
100
100
1
100
100
100
10
1,000
1,000
100
1
1
1,000
10
10
5,000
5,000
10
10
10
10
1,000
100
100
Section
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
X
X
313
31 3A
X
313
31 3c
X
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
P031
P031
P060
U014
U014
U026
U221
POOS
POOS
U186
P099
P104
U246
P033
P033
P112
P112
U038
U038
CAA
112(r)
TO
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
17
-------
NAME
Bis(chloromethyl) ketone
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol and salts
Dinitrocresol
Crimidine
Ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-dimethyl-
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
tert-Butyl acetate
Uranyl acetate
Lewisite
Ethyl chloroformate
2,4-Dithiobiuret
Dithiobiuret
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
Barium cyanide
1,3-Dichloropropene
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
3-Chloropropionitrile
Propionitrile, 3-chloro-
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Chloromethyl ether
Dichloromethyl ether
Methane, oxybis[chloro-
Ethylthiocyanate
Cadmium acetate
Cobaltous formate
Copper cyanide
Lithium carbonate
m-Nitrophenol
Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine
Isothiocyanatomethane
Methyl isothiocyanate
Methyl thiocyanate
Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester
Nickel cyanide
Zinc cyanide
Zinc acetate
Zinc formate
1-Propene, 2-chloro-
2-Chloropropylene
Methanesulfonyl fluoride
Ethion
Semicarbazide hydrochloride
3-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-1-butene
3-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -propene
Thallium(l) acetate
C.I. Basic Green 4
2,6-Dinitrophenol
Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1 -methyl-
CAS/313
Category
Codes
534-07-6
534-52-1
534-52-1
534-52-1
535-89-7
538-07-8
540-59-0
540-73-8
540-84-1
540-88-5
541-09-3
541-25-3
541-41-3
541-53-7
541-53-7
541-73-1
542-62-1
542-75-6
542-75-6
542-76-7
542-76-7
542-88-1
542-88-1
542-88-1
542-88-1
542-90-5
543-90-8
544-18-3
544-92-3
554-13-2
554-84-7
555-77-1
556-61-6
556-61-6
556-64-9
556-64-9
557-19-7
557-21-1
557-34-6
557-41-5
557-98-2
557-98-2
558-25-8
563-12-2
563-41-7
563-45-1
563-46-2
563-47-3
563-68-8
569-64-2
573-56-8
584-84-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10/10,000
10/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
500
10
100/10,000
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
100
10,000
100
500
500
10,000
10,000
1,000
1,000
1,000/10,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
10
100
500
10
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
10
10
10
10,000
100
500
500
10,000
10,000
1,000
10
1,000
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
10
1
1,000
5,000
100
100
100
100
10
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
10
10
10
10
1,000
10
100
10
10
1,000
1,000
10
100
10
100
Section
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
31 3c
X
313
313
X
313
X
X
X
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
313
X
RCRA
CODE
P047
P047
P047
U099
P049
P049
U071
P013
U084
U084
P027
P027
P016
P016
P016
P016
P029
P074
P121
U214
CAA
112(r)
TQ
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
18
-------
NAME
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
2-Butene-cis
1-Chloropropylene
1-Propene, 1-chloro-
1-Acetyl-2-thiourea
Calcium cyanide
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric thiocyanate
Lead thiocyanate
Vinyl bromide
Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-
Perchloromethyl mercaptan
Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride
Tetraethyltin
Bromoacetone
Bromotrifluoroethylene
Ethene, bromotrifluoro-
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Hexachlorocyclohexane (all isomers)
Pentachlorobenzene
3,4,5-Trichlorophenol
3,4-Dinitrotoluene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride
o-Tolidine dihydrochloride
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride
Thiourea, (2-methylphenyl)-
2,4-Diaminoanisole
1 ,2-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
1 ,4-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
2-Butene, (E)
2-Butene-trans
Methane, isocyanato-
Methyl isocyanate
tert-Amyl acetate
sec-Amyl acetate
Chloroethyl chloroformate
2-Pentene, (Z)-
Amyl acetate
Mercury fulminate
Selenourea
1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-
Ouabain
Ammonium acetate
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Triphenyltin chloride
Fluoroacetamide
Dimetilan
2-Pentene, (E)-
CAS/313
Category
Codes
584-84-9
590-18-1
590-21-6
590-21-6
591-08-2
592-01-8
592-04-1
592-85-8
592-87-0
593-60-2
594-42-3
594-42-3
594-42-3
597-64-8
598-31-2
598-73-2
598-73-2
606-20-2
608-73-1
608-93-5
609-19-8
610-39-9
612-82-8
612-82-8
612-83-9
614-78-8
615-05-4
615-28-1
615-53-2
621-64-7
621-64-7
624-18-0
624-64-6
624-64-6
624-83-9
624-83-9
625-16-1
626-38-0
627-11-2
627-20-3
628-63-7
628-86-4
630-10-4
630-20-6
630-20-6
630-60-4
631-61-8
636-21-5
639-58-7
640-19-7
644-64-4
646-04-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
500
500
100
500/10,000
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
100
100
100
500
10
10
1,000
100
500
100
1*
CERCLA
RQ
100
1,000
10
1
10
10
100
100
100
100
1,000
100
***
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
1,000
100
100
5,000
100
100
1*
Section
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
X
313
31 3A
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
31 3c
313
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P002
P021
P017
U106
U183
U178
U111
U111
P064
P064
P065
P103
U208
U208
U222
P057
P191
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
19
-------
NAME
Cyanuric fluoride
Methyl phosphonicdichloride
Hexamethylphosphoramide
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
1-Buten-3-yne
Vinyl acetylene
Diethylarsine
Dichlorophenylarsine
Phenyl dichloroarsine
N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)propanamide
Propanil
Phosmet
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
EPIC
Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate
Methacrylic anhydride
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
2-Butene, 1,4-dichloro-
Glycidylaldehyde
Carbophenothion
1 ,1 -Dichloro-1 ,2,2-trifluoroethane
HCFC-123b
Diethyl chlorophosphate
2-Propenoyl chloride
Acrylyl chloride
Cuprictartrate
Hexamethylene-1 ,6-diisocyanate
Diaminotoluene
Trimethylolpropane phosphite
Ametryn
N-Ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-
1 ,3,5,-triazine-2,4-diamine
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Stannane, acetoxytriphenyl-
Demeton-S-methyl
Methacryloyl chloride
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Methylolacrylamide
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2,3,6-Trichlorophenol
2,3,5-Trichlorophenol
Fonofos
Phosfolan
Mephosfolan
Methidathion
Diphenamid
alpha - Endosulfan
Phosphoric acid, 2-chloro-1 -(2,3,5-
trichlorophenyl) ethenyl dimethyl ester
Tetrachlorvinphos
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
675-14-9
676-97-1
680-31-9
684-93-5
689-97-4
689-97-4
692-42-2
696-28-6
696-28-6
709-98-8
709-98-8
732-11-6
757-58-4
759-73-9
759-94-4
759-94-4
760-93-0
764-41-0
764-41-0
765-34-4
786-19-6
812-04-4
812-04-4
814-49-3
814-68-6
814-68-6
815-82-7
822-06-0
823-40-5
824-11-3
834-12-8
834-12-8
842-07-9
872-50-4
900-95-8
919-86-8
920-46-7
924-16-3
924-42-5
930-55-2
933-75-5
933-78-8
944-22-9
947-02-4
950-10-7
950-37-8
957-51-7
959-98-8
961-11-5
961-11-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
100
500
500
10/10,000
500
500
500
100
100
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
100
500
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
1
1
10
500
500
500
100
100
100
500
500
100
500
100
500
500
CERCLA
RQ
1
1
1
1
1
100
1
1
1
10
100
100
10
10
1
10
10
1
Section
313
31 3c
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
X
31 3c
31 3#
313
X
313
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U177
P038
P036
P036
P062
U176
U074
U074
U126
U221
U172
U180
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
20
-------
NAME
C.I. Basic Red 1
Norbormide
Triethoxysilane
Chlormequat chloride
Heptachlor epoxide
Endosulfan sulfate
Triamiphos
Chromic acetate
Ammonium bicarbonate
Trimethyltin chloride
Lead stearate
Ammonium carbamate
Butylethylcarbamothioic acid S-propyl
ester
Pebulate
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
1,3-Propane sultone
Propane sultone
Nitrocyclohexane
Pyridine, 4-nitro-, 1 -oxide
Metolcarb
Cycloate
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
Ferric ammonium citrate
Dichlobenil
Xylenol
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic disulfide
Arsenic trisulfide
Cadmium oxide
Antimony trioxide
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Molybdenum trioxide
Thorium dioxide
Thallic oxide
Vanadium pentoxide
Sulfur phosphide
Zinc phosphide
Zinc phosphide (cone. <= 10%)
Zinc phosphide (cone. > 10%)
Lead sulfide
2,4, 5-T amines
Cresol (mixed isomers)
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D propylene glycol butyl ether ester
Nitrotoluene
Arsenic acid
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenous oxide
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Zinc bo rate
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
989-38-8
991-42-4
998-30-1
999-81-5
1024-57-3
1031-07-8
1031-47-6
1066-30-4
1066-33-7
1066-45-1
1072-35-1
1111-78-0
1114-71-2
1114-71-2
1116-54-7
1120-71-4
1120-71-4
1122-60-7
1124-33-0
1129-41-5
1134-23-2
1163-19-5
1185-57-5
1194-65-6
1300-71-6
1303-28-2
1303-32-8
1303-33-9
1306-19-0
1309-64-4
1310-58-3
1310-73-2
1313-27-5
1314-20-1
1314-32-5
1314-62-1
1314-80-3
1314-84-7
1314-84-7
1314-84-7
1314-87-0
1319-72-8
1319-77-3
1320-18-9
1320-18-9
1321-12-6
1327-52-2
1327-53-3
1327-53-3
1330-20-7
1332-07-6
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
500
100
500
500
500
500
1*
1
100
1,000
100
100
100
1
1
CERCLA
RQ
1
1
1,000
5,000
10
5,000
1
10
10
1*
1,000
100
1,000
1
1
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
100
100
100
100
10
5,000
100
100
100
1,000
1
1
1
100
1,000
Section
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
X
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
U173
U193
U193
P190
P011
P113
P120
U189
P122
U249
P122
U052
P010
P012
P012
U239
CAA
112(r)
TQ
21
-------
NAME
Asbestos (friable)
Hydrogen
Sodium bifluoride
Lead subacetate
Hexachloronaphthalene
Ammonium hydroxide
PCBs
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Naphthenic acid
Ammonium bifluoride
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
Antimycin A
Dinoterb
2,2'-Bioxirane
Diepoxybutane
Trichloro(chloromethyl)silane
Carbofuran phenol
Carbofuran
Benezeneamine, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-
dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
Trifluralin
Mercuric acetate
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-diethyl-
Ethanesulfonyl chloride, 2-chloro-
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Aldicarb sulfone
1 ,2-Dichloro-1 ,1-difluoroethane
HCFC-132b
3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile
Bromoxynil
Bromoxynil octanoate
Octanoic acid, 2,6-dibromo-4-
cyanophenyl ester
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
HCFC-141b
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD)
Acetone thiosemicarbazide
Ammonium thiocyanate
Benzene, 2,4-dichloro-1-(4-
nitrophenoxy)-
Nitrofen
Benfluralin
N-Butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-
(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine
Ammonium benzoate
Hexachloropropene
1 ,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 2,4,5,6-
tetrachloro-
Chlorothalonil
Paraquat dichloride
6-Chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-
CAS/313
Category
Codes
1332-21-4
1333-74-0
1333-83-1
1335-32-6
1335-87-1
1336-21-6
1336-36-3
1336-36-3
1338-23-4
1338-24-5
1341-49-7
1344-28-1
1397-94-0
1420-07-1
1464-53-5
1464-53-5
1558-25-4
1563-38-8
1563-66-2
1582-09-8
1582-09-8
1600-27-7
1615-80-1
1622-32-8
1634-04-4
1646-88-4
1649-08-7
1649-08-7
1689-84-5
1689-84-5
1689-99-2
1689-99-2
1717-00-6
1717-00-6
1746-01-6
1752-30-3
1762-95-4
1836-75-5
1836-75-5
1861-40-1
1861-40-1
1863-63-4
1888-71-7
1897-45-6
1897-45-6
1910-42-5
1912-24-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
100
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
1,000/10,000
10/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
500
10
10
100
10
500
500
1,000
10
CERCLA
RQ
1
100
10
1,000
1
1
10
100
100
10
10
1*
10
10
10
10
1,000
1*
1
5,000
5,000
1,000
Section
313
313
31 3c
313
313
X
31 3A
313
X
313
313
X
31 3A
31 3c
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
313
X
313!A
X
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U146
U160
U085
U085
U367
P127
U086
P203
U243
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
22
-------
NAME
1 ,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Atrazine
3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoicacid
Dicamba
Picloram
2-Chloro-N-(1 -methylethyl)-N-
phenylacetamide
Propachlor
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D butoxyethyl ester
2,4-D Esters
2-Chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
Nitrapyrin
C.I. Direct Black 38
Chloroxuron
3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoicacid,
sodium salt
Sodium dicamba
Tributyltin fluoride
Valinomycin
2,4, 5-T amines
Mercaptodimethur
Methiocarb
Paraquat methosulfate
Phenylsilatrane
EPN
Tributyltin methacrylate
7-Oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-
dicarboxylic acid, dipotassium salt
Dipotassium endothall
Fluometuron
Urea, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
1H-Azepine-1 carbothioicacid,
hexahydro-S-ethyl ester
Molinate
Cadmium stearate
Thiocarbazide
Octachloronaphthalene
Diglycidyl ether
Prothoate
Dimethylamine dicamba
Carbamothioic acid, bis(l-methylethyl)-
S-(2,3-dichloro-2-propenyl)ester
Diallate
Triallate
Propargite
6-Methyl-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b]quinoxalin-2-
one
Chinomethionat
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
1912-24-9
1918-00-9
1918-00-9
1918-02-1
1918-16-7
1918-16-7
1928-38-7
1928-43-4
1928-47-8
1928-61-6
1929-73-3
1929-73-3
1929-82-4
1929-82-4
1937-37-7
1982-47-4
1982-69-0
1982-69-0
1983-10-4
2001-95-8
2008-46-0
2032-65-7
2032-65-7
2074-50-2
2097-19-0
2104-64-5
2155-70-6
2164-07-0
2164-07-0
2164-17-2
2164-17-2
2212-67-1
2212-67-1
2223-93-0
2231-57-4
2234-13-1
2238-07-5
2275-18-5
2300-66-5
2303-16-4
2303-16-4
2303-17-5
2312-35-8
2439-01-2
2439-01-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
1,000/10,000
1,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
1,000
10
10
10
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
100
100
100
5,000
10
10
100
100
1*
10
Section
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
X
313
31 3c
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
P199
P199
U062
U062
U389
CAA
112(r)
TQ
23
-------
NAME
Dodecylguanidine monoacetate
Dodine
Oxydisulfoton
Dimethyl chlorothiophosphate
Dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate
Formothion
2,4, 5-T esters
1 ,4-Cyclohexane diisocyanate
Pentadecylamine
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl-5-(2-
(methylthio)ethyl)ester
C.I. Direct Blue 6
Promecarb
Cyanophos
Azinphos-ethyl
2,3,5-Trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate
Phosphonothioicacid, methyl-, O-(4-
nitrophenyl) O-phenyl ester
Sulfuryl fluoride
Vikane
2,4-D sodium salt
Phosphonothioicacid, methyl-, O-ethyl
O-(4-(methylthio)phenyl) ester
Thallous malonate
5-(Aminomethyr)-3-isoxazolol
Muscimol
Diquat
Endothion
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
2-Chloro-1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane
HCFC-124
Chlorpyrifos
Ferric ammonium oxalate
2,4-D chlorocrotyl ester
2,4-D Esters
Ammonium citrate, dibasic
Silane, (4-aminobutyl)diethoxymethyl-
C.l. Solvent Orange 7
Ammonium tartrate
4-Chloro-o-toluidine, hydrochloride
1 ,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate
Cupric nitrate
Phosphoric acid, dimethyl 4-(methylthio)
phenyl ester
1,2, 3,4,6, 7,8, 9-octachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin
O,O-Diethyl S-methyl dithiophosphate
Temephos
Zinc carbonate
DDE
Sulfoxide, 3-chloropropyl octyl
Benzimidazole, 4,5-dichloro-2-
(trifluoromethyl)-
CAS/313
Category
Codes
2439-10-3
2439-10-3
2497-07-6
2524-03-0
2524-03-0
2540-82-1
2545-59-7
2556-36-7
2570-26-5
2587-90-8
2602-46-2
2631-37-0
2636-26-2
2642-71-9
2655-15-4
2665-30-7
2699-79-8
2699-79-8
2702-72-9
2703-13-1
2757-18-8
2763-96-4
2763-96-4
2764-72-9
2778-04-3
2832-40-8
2837-89-0
2837-89-0
2921-88-2
2944-67-4
2971-38-2
2971-38-2
3012-65-5
3037-72-7
3118-97-6
3164-29-2
3165-93-3
3173-72-6
3251-23-8
3254-63-5
3268-87-9
3288-58-2
3383-96-8
3486-35-9
3547-04-4
3569-57-1
3615-21-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
500
100
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
1,000
100/10,000
500
500
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
500
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
500
100
100
500
1*
1,000
100
500
500
100
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
500
500
500
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1*
1,000
1,000
1,000
1
1,000
100
100
5,000
5,000
100
100
5,000
1,000
5,000
Section
313
X
313
313
X
31 3#
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
31 3#
31 3c
313!A
313
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
P201
P007
P007
U049
U087
CAA
112(r)
TO
24
-------
NAME
(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetate
sodium salt
Methoxone sodium salt
Sulfotep
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
Chlorophacinone
5-Methylchrysene
Amiton oxalate
Methyl phenkapton
C.I. Food Red 5
2,4, 5-T amines
Fuberidazole
Bitoscanate
1 -(3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1 -
azoniaadamantane chloride
Isophorone diisocyanate
Phosacetim
Dichlorosilane
Silane, dichloro-
4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenyl ether
2-Butenal
Crotonaldehyde
Fluenetil
Phenol, 2,2'-thiobis[4-chloro-6-methyl-
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
C.I. Acid Green 3
Hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-dibutyl-
1,1'-Methylene bis(4-
isocyanatocyclohexane)
5,6-Dihydro-2-methyl-N-phenyl-1,4-
oxathiin-3-carboxamide
Carboxin
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)-
Dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene
1-Nitropyrene
Chlorpyrifos methyl
O,O-Dimethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-
pyridyl)phosphorothioate
Coumatetralyl
Cupric oxalate
5-Chloro-3-(1 ,1 -dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-
2,4(1 H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
Terbacil
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, dicarbamate
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium oxalate
2,4, 5-T amines
2,4, 5-T amines
C.I. Acid Red 114
Thallium(l) carbonate
Thallous carbonate
Monocrotophos
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
3653-48-3
3653-48-3
3689-24-5
3689-24-5
3691-35-8
3697-24-3
3734-97-2
3735-23-7
3761-53-3
3813-14-7
3878-19-1
4044-65-9
4080-31-3
4098-71-9
4104-14-7
4109-96-0
4109-96-0
4128-73-8
4170-30-3
4170-30-3
4301-50-2
4418-66-0
4549-40-0
4680-78-8
4835-11-4
5124-30-1
5234-68-4
5234-68-4
5344-82-1
5385-75-1
5522-43-0
5598-13-0
5598-13-0
5836-29-3
5893-66-3
5902-51-2
5902-51-2
5952-26-1
5972-73-6
6009-70-7
6369-96-6
6369-97-7
6459-94-5
6533-73-9
6533-73-9
6923-22-4
7005-72-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
500/10,000
100
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
10/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
100
100
500
100
500
100
100
100
100
100
100
500
100
500
100
100
10
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
5,000
100
100
10
100
100
1*
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
5,000
Section
313
X
313
313+A
313
313
31 3#
31 3#
X
313
313
313
31 3#
X
313
313+A
313+A
313
X
31 3c
X
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
P109
P109
U053
U053
P084
P026
U395
U215
U215
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
20,000
20,000
25
-------
NAME
N,N'-Bis(1-methylethyl)-6-methylthio-
1 ,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Prometryn
Endrin aldehyde
Lead stearate
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Sodium
Thallium
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Vandium (except when contained in an
alloy)
Zinc
Zinc (fume or dust)
Selenium dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous)
Sulfur trioxide
Lead sulfate
Thallium(l) sulfate
Thallous sulfate
Lead phosphate
Cupric chloride
Mercuric chloride
Selenium sulfide
Titanium chloride (TICI4) (T-4)-
Titanium tetrachloride
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Lithium hydride
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium arsenate
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium nitrite
Borane, trifluoro-
Boron trifluoride
Lead arsenate
Zinc chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid (aerosol forms only)
Hydrochloric acid (cone 37% or greater)
Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous)
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
7287-19-6
7287-19-6
7421-93-4
7428-48-0
7429-90-5
7439-92-1
7439-96-5
7439-97-6
7440-02-0
7440-22-4
7440-23-5
7440-28-0
7440-36-0
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
7440-43-9
7440-47-3
7440-48-4
7440-50-8
7440-62-2
7440-66-6
7440-66-6
7446-08-4
7446-09-5
7446-09-5
7446-11-9
7446-14-2
7446-18-6
7446-18-6
7446-27-7
7447-39-4
7487-94-7
7488-56-4
7550-45-0
7550-45-0
7558-79-4
7580-67-8
7601-54-9
7631-89-2
7631-90-5
7632-00-0
7637-07-2
7637-07-2
7645-25-2
7646-85-7
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
100
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
100
100
100
1,000/10,000
500
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
100
100
100
500
1,000
1,000
100
1
500
500
5,000
CERCLA
RQ
1
10
10
1
100
1,000
10
1,000
5,000
1
10
10
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
10
10
100
100
10
10
10
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
1
5,000
100
1
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
Section
313
X
313
31 3c
313
31 3A
313
31 3A
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
31 3c
313
X
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U151
P015
P115
P115
U145
U205
CAA
112(r)
TQ
5,000
10,000
2,500
2,500
5,000
5,000
15,000
5,000
26
-------
NAME
Hydrogen chloride (gas only)
Antimony pentachloride
Phosphoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid (cone. 50% or greater)
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride (anhydrous)
Ammonia
Ammonia (anhydrous)
Ammonia (cone 20% or greater)
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (aerosol forms only)
Sodium fluoride
Sodium hypochlorite
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -
propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid
(1 ,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1 ,3-dioxo-2H-
isoindol-2-yl)methyl ester
Tetramethrin
Nitric acid
Nitric acid (cone 80% or greater)
Zinc bromide
Ferric chloride
Nickel chloride
Phosphorous trichloride
Phosphorus trichloride
Ferrous sulfate
Potassium permanganate
Hydrogen peroxide (Cono 52%)
Phosphorus
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Bromine
Zinc sulfate
Chromic acid
Potassium bromate
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Ferrous chloride
Lead chloride
Cupric sulfate
Silver nitrate
Ammonium sulfamate
Sodium chromate
Arsenic acid
Calcium arsenate
Potassium bichromate
Calcium hypochlorite
Zinc hydrosulfite
Zinc nitrate
Fluorine
Selenium
Chlorine
Ferrous sulfate
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
7647-01-0
7647-18-9
7664-38-2
7664-39-3
7664-39-3
7664-39-3
7664-39-3
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-93-9
7664-93-9
7681-49-4
7681-52-9
7696-12-0
7696-12-0
7697-37-2
7697-37-2
7699-45-8
7705-08-0
7718-54-9
7719-12-2
7719-12-2
7720-78-7
7722-64-7
7722-84-1
7723-14-0
7723-14-0
7726-95-6
7733-02-0
7738-94-5
7758-01-2
7758-29-4
7758-94-3
7758-95-4
7758-98-7
7761-88-8
7773-06-0
7775-11-3
7778-39-4
7778-44-1
7778-50-9
7778-54-3
7779-86-4
7779-88-6
7782-41-4
7782-49-2
7782-50-5
7782-63-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
100
100
100
100
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
500
500/10,000
500
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
5,000
100
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1
1
500
1
10
10
CERCLA
RQ
5,000
1,000
5,000
100
100
100
100
100
100
1000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1
1
1,000
10
5,000
100
10
10
1
5,000
10
1
1
10
10
1,000
1,000
10
100
10
1,000
Section
313
X
X
X
313
X
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
X
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U134
U134
U134
U134
P010
P056
CAA
112(r)
TQ
5,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
20,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
1,000
2,500
27
-------
NAME
Sodium selenite
Mercurous nitrate
Selenious acid
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen selenide
Mercuric sulfate
Lead fluoride
Zinc fluoride
Ferric fluoride
Antimony trifluoride
Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-
Sulfurtetrafluoride
Antimony pentafluoride
Tellurium hexafluoride
Arsenous trichloride
Lead arsenate
Potassium arsenate
Arsine
Sodium arsenite
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Mevinphos
Nickel sulfate
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium nitrate
Ammonium chromate
Potassium chromate
Strontium chromate
Ammonium bichromate
Cadmium bromide
Cobaltous bromide
Antimony tribromide
Chlorosulfonic acid
Thallium chloride TICI
Thallous chloride
Chlorine monoxide
Chlorine oxide
Selenium oxychloride
Phosphine
Ammonium vanadate
Silane
Camphechlor
Camphene, octachloro-
Toxaphene
Creosote
Dichloropropane - Dichloropropene
(mixture)
Pyrethrins
Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid)
Sulfuricacid (fuming)
Sulfuric acid, mixture with sulfur trioxide
Demeton
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
7782-82-3
7782-86-7
7783-00-8
7783-06-4
7783-07-5
7783-35-9
7783-46-2
7783-49-5
7783-50-8
7783-56-4
7783-60-0
7783-60-0
7783-70-2
7783-80-4
7784-34-1
7784-40-9
7784-41-0
7784-42-1
7784-46-5
7785-84-4
7786-34-7
7786-81-4
7787-47-5
7787-49-7
7787-55-5
7788-98-9
7789-00-6
7789-06-2
7789-09-5
7789-42-6
7789-43-7
7789-61-9
7790-94-5
7791-12-0
7791-12-0
7791-21-1
7791-21-1
7791-23-3
7803-51-2
7803-55-6
7803-62-5
8001-35-2
8001-35-2
8001-35-2
8001-58-9
8003-19-8
8003-34-7
8014-95-7
8014-95-7
8014-95-7
8065-48-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000/10,000
500
10
100
100
500
100
500
100
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
10
100
100
500
100
1
100
1
10
100
100
500
100
1
1
1
500
CERCLA
RQ
100
10
10
100
10
10
1,000
100
1,000
1
1
1
1
5,000
10
100
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
100
1,000
1
1
1
1
100
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
Section
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313s
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
X
X
31 3A
313
RCRA
CODE
U204
U135
U216
U216
P096
P119
P123
P123
P123
U051
CAA
112(r)
TO
10,000
500
2,500
2,500
15,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
28
-------
NAME
Metiram
Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Sodium hypochlorite
Chromic chloride
Silane, trichloro-
Trichlorosilane
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphoryl chloride
Antimony trichloride
Zirconium tetrachloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Ozone
Ferric sulfate
Thallium sulfate
Hydrazine sulfate
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Aluminum sulfate
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Mercuric nitrate
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine oxide (CIO2)
Chromous chloride
trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
Lead nitrate
Chromic sulfate
Lead iodide
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Uranyl nitrate
Sodium selenite
Sodium tellurite
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen oxide (NO)
Nitrogen dioxide
Thallium(l) nitrate
Lead arsenate
Cadmium chloride
Potassium arsenite
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Ethanol, 1 ,2-dichloro-, acetate
Ammonium bisulfite
Ammonium sulfite
Cobalt carbonyl
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Methamidophos
Borane, trichloro-
Boron trichloride
Dialifor
1,4-Bis(methylisocyanate)cyclohexane
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Cupric sulfate, ammoniated
Mercurous nitrate
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
9006-42-2
9016-87-9
10022-70-5
10025-73-7
10025-78-2
10025-78-2
10025-87-3
10025-87-3
10025-91-9
10026-11-6
10026-13-8
10028-15-6
10028-22-5
10031-59-1
10034-93-2
10039-32-4
10043-01-3
10045-89-3
10045-94-0
10049-04-4
10049-04-4
10049-05-5
10061-02-6
10099-74-8
10101-53-8
10101-63-0
10101-89-0
10102-06-4
10102-18-8
10102-20-2
10102-43-9
10102-43-9
10102-44-0
10102-45-1
10102-48-4
10108-64-2
10124-50-2
10124-56-8
10140-65-5
10140-87-1
10192-30-0
10196-04-0
10210-68-1
10222-01-2
10265-92-6
10294-34-5
10294-34-5
10311-84-9
10347-54-3
10361-89-4
10380-29-7
10415-75-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1/10,000
500
500
500
100
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
100
100
100
500/10,000
1,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
1,000
1,000
500
100
100
100
500
10
10
10
1
1,000
10
100
500
500
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
1,000
10
1,000
10
1,000
10
5,000
100
100
10
10
10
100
1
10
1
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
10
Section
313
313
31 3#
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
313
31 3c
313
X
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313s
X
313
31 3#
31 3c
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
P076
P076
P078
U217
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
29
-------
NAME
Ferric nitrate
5-(Phenylmethyl)-3-fu ranyl) methyl 2,2-
dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -
propenyr)cyclopropanecarboxylate
Resmethrin
Methacrolein diacetate
Nitrogen dioxide
Sodium bichromate
Carbendazim
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Chromic acid
Aroclor 1232
Cupric acetoarsenite
Paris green
Selenious acid, dithallium(1+) salt
Nickel hydroxide
Manganese, tricarbonyl
methylcyclopentadienyl
Carbamodithioic acid, 1 ,2-ethanediylbis-,
zinc complex
Zineb
Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium sulfide
Carbamodithioic acid, 1 ,2-ethanediylbis-,
manganese complex
Maneb
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1016
Sulfur monochloride
Terbufos
Phosphamidon
Ethoprop
Ethoprophos
Phosphorodithioic acid O-ethyl S,S-
dipropyl ester
Fenbutatin oxide
Hexakis(2-methyl-2-
phenylpropyl)distannoxane
Sodium selenate
Gallium trichloride
Nickel carbonyl
Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5), (TB-5-11)-
Iron, pentacarbonyl-
1,1-Dichloro-1 ,2,2,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225CC
2,4,5-T salts
Beryllium nitrate
Desmedipham
Zirconium nitrate
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
10421-48-4
10453-86-8
10453-86-8
10476-95-6
10544-72-6
10588-01-9
10605-21-7
11096-82-5
11097-69-1
11104-28-2
11115-74-5
11141-16-5
12002-03-8
12002-03-8
12039-52-0
12054-48-7
12108-13-3
12122-67-7
12122-67-7
12125-01-8
12125-02-9
12135-76-1
12427-38-2
12427-38-2
12672-29-6
12674-11-2
12771-08-3
13071-79-9
13171-21-6
13194-48-4
13194-48-4
13194-48-4
13356-08-6
13356-08-6
13410-01-0
13450-90-3
13463-39-3
13463-40-6
13463-40-6
13474-88-9
13474-88-9
13560-99-1
13597-99-4
13684-56-5
13746-89-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
1
100
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
1
1
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
500
10
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
10
10
1*
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1,000
10
100
5,000
100
1
1
1,000
10
1,000
1
5,000
Section
313
X
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
X
313
313
X
X
313
X
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
313
X
31 3c
313
RCRA
CODE
U372
P114
P073
CAA
112(r)
TQ
1,000
2,500
2,500
30
-------
NAME
Calcium chromate
Lead fluoborate
Ammonium fluoborate
sec-Butylamine
Cobaltous sulfamate
Salcomine
Nickel nitrate
Ammonium oxalate
Lithium chromate
Ammonium tartrate
Ferbam
Tris(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')iron
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zirconium sulfate
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonitrile, 5-
chloro-6-
((((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)imino)-,(1-
alpha,2-beta,4-alpha,5-alpha,6E))-
Manganese,
bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-
2,4,4-Trimethylhexamethylene
diisocyanate
Nickel ammonium sulfate
Lead sulfate
2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
Alachlor
C.I. Direct Brown 95
N-Nitrosonornicotine
Sodium hydrosulfide
Ethanimidothioic acid, N-
[[methylamino)carbonyl]
Methomyl
Zinc silicofluoride
Ammonium silicofluoride
Zirconium potassium fluoride
2,2,4-Trimethylhexamethylene
diisocyanate
Decaborane(14)
Form pa ran ate
Benomyl
Streptozotocin
4-(Dipropylamino)-3,5-
dinitrobenzenesulfonamide
Oryzalin
Diborane
Diborane(6)
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Pentaborane
3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-(1-
methylethoxy)phenyl)-5-(1 ,1 -
dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one
Oxydiazon
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
13765-19-0
13814-96-5
13826-83-0
13952-84-6
14017-41-5
14167-18-1
14216-75-2
14258-49-2
14307-35-8
14307-43-8
14484-64-1
14484-64-1
14639-97-5
14639-98-6
14644-61-2
15271-41-7
15339-36-3
15646-96-5
15699-18-0
15739-80-7
15950-66-0
15972-60-8
16071-86-6
16543-55-8
16721-80-5
16752-77-5
16752-77-5
16871-71-9
16919-19-0
16923-95-8
16938-22-0
17702-41-9
17702-57-7
17804-35-2
18883-66-4
19044-88-3
19044-88-3
19287-45-7
19287-45-7
19408-74-3
19624-22-7
19666-30-9
19666-30-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100
100
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
100
100
500
1*
100
100
500
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
5,000
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
10
5,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
1*
100
10
10
5,000
100
100
5,000
1,000
1,000
1*
1*
1
Section
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3#
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3#
313
X
313
313!A
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U032
P196
P066
P066
P197
U271
U206
CAA
112(r)
TQ
2,500
2,500
31
-------
NAME
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride
o-Dianisidine dihydrochloride
2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-
oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione
Methazole
Osmium oxide OsO4 (T-4)-
Osmium tetroxide
Digoxin
Daunomycin
Aluminum phosphide
Metribuzin
Fosthietan
Leptophos
Cyanazine
Mercuric oxide
Chlorthiophos
Fenamiphos
2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol
methylcarbamate
Bendiocarb
Bendiocarb phenol
Oxamyl
Formetanate hydrochloride
Pirimifos-ethyl
Thiophanate-methyl
(1,2-Phenylenebis(iminocarbonothioyl))
biscarbamic acid diethyl ester
Thiophanate ethyl
Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1 ,1-dimethyl-
2-propynyl
Pronamide
Triazofos
Chlormephos
Dinitrobenzene (mixed isomers)
Nitrophenol (mixed isomers)
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Butene
Trichlorophenol
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4-D Esters
2-((Ethoxyl((1-
methylethyl)amino]phosphinothioyl]oxy)
benzole acid 1-methylethyl ester
Isofenphos
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
Toluenediamine
Dinitrophenol
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -
propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
20325-40-0
20325-40-0
20354-26-1
20354-26-1
20816-12-0
20816-12-0
20830-75-5
20830-81-3
20859-73-8
21087-64-9
21548-32-3
21609-90-5
21725-46-2
21908-53-2
21923-23-9
22224-92-6
22781-23-3
22781-23-3
22961-82-6
23135-22-0
23422-53-9
23505-41-1
23564-05-8
23564-06-9
23564-06-9
23950-58-5
23950-58-5
24017-47-8
24934-91-6
25154-54-5
25154-55-6
25155-30-0
25167-67-3
25167-82-2
25168-15-4
25168-26-7
25311-71-1
25311-71-1
25321-14-6
25321-22-6
25321-22-6
25376-45-8
25376-45-8
25550-58-7
26002-80-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10/10,000
500
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
10/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
500
500
500
500
10
1*
1*
1,000
500
500
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1,000
10
100
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
5,000
5,000
100
100
1,000
10
1,000
100
10
100
100
10
10
10
Section
313
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
31 3c
X
313
313
X
313
X
313
31 3c
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
X
RCRA
CODE
P087
P087
U059
P006
U278
U278
U364
P194
P198
U409
U192
U192
U221
U221
CAA
112(r)
TO
10,000
32
-------
NAME
Phenothrin
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Carbamic acid, methyl-, O-(((2,4-
dimethyl-1 ,3-dithiolan-2-
yl)methylene)amino)-
Benzene, 1 ,3-diisocyanatomethyl-
Toluene diisocyanate (unspecified
isomer)
Toluenediisocyanate (mixed isomers)
Sodium azide (Na(N3))
Dichloropropane
N,N'-(1,4-Piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-
trichloroethylidene)) bisformamide
Triforine
Dichloropropene
Trichloro(dichlorophenyl)silane
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
4-Chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3(2H)-
pyridazinone
Norflurazon
Triethanolamine dodecylbenzene
su If on ate
Vanadyl sulfate
d-trans-Allethrin
d-trans-Chrysanthemic acid of d-
allethrone
Carbamic acid, diethylthio-, S-(p-
chlorobenzyl)
Thiobencarb
Antimony potassium tartrate
Xylylene dichloride
C.I. Direct Blue 21 8
Bromadiolone
Octachlorostyrene
O-(2-(Diethylamino)-6-methyl-4-
pyrimidinyl)-O,O-dimethyl
phosphorothioate
Pirimiphos methyl
Paraformaldehyde
Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-
(dimethylamino)-N-hydroxy-2-oxo-,
methyl ester
Acephate
Acetylphosphoramidothioic acid O,S-
dimethyl ester
Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate
3-
((Ethylamino)methoxyphosphinothioyl)ox
y)-2-butenoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester
Propetamphos
2,4,5-TP esters
Amitraz
beta - Endosulfan
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
26002-80-2
26264-06-2
26419-73-8
26471-62-5
26471-62-5
26471-62-5
26628-22-8
26638-19-7
26644-46-2
26644-46-2
26952-23-8
27137-85-5
27176-87-0
27314-13-2
27314-13-2
27323-41-7
27774-13-6
28057-48-9
28057-48-9
28249-77-6
28249-77-6
28300-74-5
28347-13-9
28407-37-6
28772-56-7
29082-74-4
29232-93-7
29232-93-7
30525-89-4
30558-43-1
30560-19-1
30560-19-1
30674-80-7
31218-83-4
31218-83-4
32534-95-5
33089-61-1
33213-65-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1*
1,000
500
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1*
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1*
100
1
Section
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
313
X
313
31 3c
313
X
X
313
31 3c
313
31 3A
X
313
313
X
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P185
U223
U223
U223
P105
U394
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
33
-------
NAME
N-(5-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-
2-yl)-N,N'-dimethylurea
Tebuthiuron
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
Diflubenzuron
0-Ethyl 0-(4-
(methylthio)phenyl)phosphorodithioic
acid S-propyl ester
Sulprofos
1 -(2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-
propenyloxy)ethyl)-1 H-imidazole
Imazalil
1-Bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-1 ,3-
propanedicarbonitrile
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin
Uranyl nitrate
Nickel chloride
1,3-Bis(methylisocyanate)cyclohexane
Diethatyl ethyl
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzofuran
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
Thiofanox
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Dinocap
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylcyclopropane
carboxylic acid cyano(3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
Fenpropathrin
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
N-(1-Ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-
dinitrobenzenamine
Pendimethalin
O-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-O-ethyl-S-
propylphosphorothioate
Profenofos
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrofluoride
o-Tolidine dihydrofluoride
Isopropanolamine dodecylbenzene
su If on ate
Oxyfluorfen
1 -(4-Chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1 -(1 H-
1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone
Triadimefon
3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-
methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione
Vinclozolin
Phosphonothioicacid, methyl-, S-(2-
(bis(1 -methylethyl)amino)ethyl) O-ethyl
ester
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
Hexazinone
2-(4-(2,4-
Dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoic
acid, methyl ester
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
34014-18-1
34014-18-1
34077-87-7
35367-38-5
35400-43-2
35400-43-2
35554-44-0
35554-44-0
35691-65-7
35822-46-9
36478-76-9
37211-05-5
38661-72-2
38727-55-8
39001-02-0
39156-41-7
39196-18-4
39227-28-6
39300-45-3
39515-41-8
39515-41-8
40321-76-4
40487-42-1
40487-42-1
41198-08-7
41198-08-7
41766-75-0
41766-75-0
42504-46-1
42874-03-3
43121-43-3
43121-43-3
50471-44-8
50471-44-8
50782-69-9
51207-31-9
51235-04-2
51338-27-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
100
1,000
Section
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
313!A
31 3c
31 3#
313
313!A
313
313!A
313
X
313
313!A
X
31 3A
X
313
313
X
313
X
313
X
313
313!A
313
X
RCRA
CODE
P045
CAA
112(r)
TQ
34
-------
NAME
Diclofop methyl
4-Chloro-alpha-(1-
methylethyl)benzeneacetic acid cyano(3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
Fenvalerate
Zinc ammonium chloride
3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid,
(3-phenoxy-phenyl)methyl ester
Permethrin
Lead stearate
Calcium arsenite
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-
(phenylmethyl) ester
2,4-(1 H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-bromo-6-
methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl), lithium salt
Bromacil, lithium salt
2,4-D 2-ethyl-4-methylpentyl ester
Dazomet, sodium salt
Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-
thiadiazine-2-thione, ion(1-), sodium
2,4-D Esters
Aroclor 1242
Pyriminil
Carbosulfan
2,3,-Dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin
1,1,4,4-tetraoxide
Dimethipin
3-lodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran
Lead stearate
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
Triclopyrtriethylammonium salt
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Zinc, dichloro(4,4-dimethyl-
5((((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)imino)pen
tanenitrile)-, (T-4)-
Thiodicarb
.alpha.-(2-Chlorophenyl)-.alpha.-4-
chlorophenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol
Fenarimol
1 -(2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1 ,3-
dioxolan-2-yl)-methyl-1 H-1 ,2,4,-triazole
Propiconazole
2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
2,4, 5-T esters
Cobalt, ((2,2'-(1,2-
ethanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyne))bis(6-
fluorophenylato))(2-)-N,N',O,O')-
5-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-
2-nitrobenzoic acid, sodium salt
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
51338-27-3
51630-58-1
51630-58-1
52628-25-8
52645-53-1
52645-53-1
52652-59-2
52740-16-6
52888-80-9
53404-19-6
53404-19-6
53404-37-8
53404-60-7
53404-60-7
53467-11-1
53469-21-9
53558-25-1
55285-14-8
55290-64-7
55290-64-7
55406-53-6
55488-87-4
55673-89-7
56189-09-4
57117-31-4
57117-41-6
57117-44-9
57213-69-1
57653-85-7
58270-08-9
59669-26-0
60168-88-9
60168-88-9
60207-90-1
60207-90-1
60851-34-5
61792-07-2
62207-76-5
62476-59-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
10
1
1*
100
1
1*
1,000
10
1*
1,000
Section
313
313
X
313
31 3c
X
313
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
313!A
31 3c
313!A
313!A
313!A
313
313!A
31 3c
313
X
313
X
313
313!A
31 3c
X
RCRA
CODE
U387
P189
U410
CAA
112(r)
TQ
-------
NAME
Acifluorfen, sodium salt
Chlorotetrafluoroethane
2-Chloro-N-(((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-
triazin-2-
yl)amino]carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide
Chlorsulfuron
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine sulfate
2-(4-((6-Chloro-2-
benzoxazolylen)oxy)phenoxy)propanoic
acid, ethyl ester
Fenoxaprop ethyl
Hydramethylnon
Tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(1 H)-
pyrimidinone(3-(4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(2-(4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethenyl)-2-
propenylidene)hydrazone
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran
3-(2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylicacid
cyano(S-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester
Cyhalothrin
3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylicacid,
cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl
ester
Cyfluthrin
Fluvalinate
N-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-
DL-valine(+)-cyano(3-
phenoxyphenyr)methyl ester
2-(4-((5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-
pyridinyl)oxy)-phenoxy)propanoicacid,
butyl ester
Fluazifop butyl
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran
Abamectin
Avermectin B1
5-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-
N-methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide
Fomesafen
(2-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl carbamic
acid ethyl ester
Fenoxycarb
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran
2-(1-(Ethoxyimino) butyl)-5-(2-
(ethylthio)propyr)-3-hydroxyl-2-
cyclohexen-1-one
Sethoxydim
4-Methyldiphenylmethane-3,4-
diisocyanate
2,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenyl sulfide
2-(4-((6-Chloro-2-
quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy) propanoic acid
ethyl ester
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
62476-59-9
63938-10-3
64902-72-3
64902-72-3
64969-34-2
66441-23-4
66441-23-4
67485-29-4
67485-29-4
67562-39-4
68085-85-8
68085-85-8
68359-37-5
68359-37-5
69409-94-5
69409-94-5
69806-50-4
69806-50-4
70648-26-9
71751-41-2
71751-41-2
72178-02-0
72178-02-0
72490-01-8
72490-01-8
72918-21-9
74051-80-2
74051-80-2
75790-84-0
75790-87-3
76578-14-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
Section
304 EHS
RQ
CERCLA
RQ
Section
313
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
X
313!A
X
313
X
313
313
X
X
313
313!A
313
X
X
313
X
313
313!A
X
313
31 3#
31 3#
X
RCRA
CODE
CAA
112(r)
TQ
36
-------
NAME
Quizalofop-ethyl
5-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-
2-nitro-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl
ester
Benzole acid, 5-(2-chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-nitro-, 2-
ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxethyl ester
Lactofen
Bifenthrin
.alpha.-Butyl-.alpha.-(4-chlorophenyl)-
1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-propanenitrile
Myclobutanil
Dichloro-1 ,1 ,2-trifluoroethane
Chlorimuron ethyl
Ethyl-2-(((((4-chloro-6-methoxyprimidin-
2-
yl)amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)benzoa
te
2-(4-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-
methylamino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)be
nzoic acid, methyl ester
Tribenuron methyl
1,1 -Dichloro-1 ,2,3,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225eb
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine hydrochloride
o-Dianisidine hydrochloride
Dichloropentafluoropropane
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225aa
Diethyldiisocyanatobenzene
1,3-Dichloro-1, 1,2,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
HCFC-225ea
Antimony Compounds
Arsenic Compounds
Barium Compounds
-Except Barium Sulfate (under 31 3)
Beryllium Compounds
Cadmium Compounds
Chlorinated Phenols
Chlorophenols
Chromium Compounds
Cobalt Compounds
Copper Compounds
-Except C.I. Pigment Blue 15 (under
313)
-Except C.I. Pigment Green 36 (under
313)
-Except C.I. Pigment Green 7 (under
313)
-Except copper phthalocyanine
compounds (under 31 3)
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
76578-14-8
77501-63-4
77501-63-4
77501-63-4
82657-04-3
88671-89-0
88671-89-0
90454-18-5
90982-32-4
90982-32-4
101200-48-0
101200-48-0
111512-56-2
111512-56-2
111984-09-9
111984-09-9
127564-92-5
128903-21-9
128903-21-9
134190-37-7
136013-79-1
136013-79-1
N010
N020
N040
0
N050
N078
N084
N084
N090
N096
N100
0
0
0
0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
Section
304 EHS
RQ
CERCLA
RQ
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
Section
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
31 3#
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
CAA
112(r)
TQ
37
-------
NAME
Cyanide Compounds
Diisocyanates (includes only 20
chemicals)
Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds
(includes only 17 chemicals)
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and
esters
Glycol Ethers
Lead Compounds
Manganese Compounds
Mercury Compounds
Nickel Compounds
Nicotine and salts
Nitrate compounds (water dissociable)
Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs)
Polychlorinated alkanes (C10 to C13)
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (includes
only 19 chemicals)
Selenium Compounds
Silver Compounds
Strychnine and salts
Thallium Compounds
Vandium Compounds
Warfarin and salts
Zinc Compounds
CAS/ 31 3
Category
Codes
N106
N120
N150
N171
N230
N420
N450
N458
N495
N503
N511
N575
N583
N590
N725
N740
N746
N760
N770
N874
N982
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
Section
304 EHS
RQ
CERCLA
RQ
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
Section
313
313
313
31 3A
313
313
31 3A
313
31 3A
313
313
313
313
313
31 3A
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
CAA
112(r)
TQ
38
-------
LIST OF LISTS
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF CHEMICALS (BY NAME) SUBJECT TO THE EMERGENCY PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA) AND SECTION 112(r) OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT
NAME
Abamectin
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acephate
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, trichloro-
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, (2,4-
dichlorophenoxy)-
Acetic acid ethenyl ester
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetone cyanohydrin
Acetone thiosemicarbazide
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
Acetylene
Acetylphosphoramidothioic
acid O,S-dimethyl ester
1-Acetyl-2-thiourea
Acifluorfen, sodium salt
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Acrylyl chloride
Adipic acid
Adiponitrile
Alachlor
Aldicarb
Aldicarb sulfone
Aldrin
d-trans-Allethrin
Allyl alcohol
Allylamine
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
Aluminum phosphide
Aluminum sulfate
Ametryn
2-Aminoanthraquinone
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
1-Amino-2-
CAS/313
Category Codes
71751-41-2
83-32-9
208-96-8
30560-19-1
75-07-0
75-87-6
60-35-5
64-19-7
94-75-7
108-05-4
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-86-5
1752-30-3
75-05-8
98-86-2
53-96-3
506-96-7
75-36-5
74-86-2
30560-19-1
591-08-2
62476-59-9
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
814-68-6
124-04-9
111-69-3
15972-60-8
116-06-3
1646-88-4
309-00-2
28057-48-9
107-18-6
107-11-9
107-05-1
7429-90-5
1344-28-1
20859-73-8
10043-01-3
834-12-8
117-79-3
60-09-3
92-67-1
82-28-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
1,000
1,000/10,000
500
1,000/10,000
10,000
100
1,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
5,000
10
1,000
1
5,000
100
100
1,000
1
1
100
500
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
5,000
1,000
5,000
100
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
5,000
5,000
1
5,000
5,000
1,000
1
5,000
5,000
100
5,000
1
1*
1
100
1,000
100
5,000
1
Section
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
31 3A
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U001
U034
U240
U002
P069
U003
U004
U005
U006
P002
POOS
U007
U008
U009
P070
P203
P004
P005
P006
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
20,000
5,000
15,000
10,000
A-l
-------
NAME
methylanthraquinone
5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol
Aminopterin
4-Aminopyridine
Amiton
Amiton oxalate
Amitraz
Amitrole
Ammonia
Ammonia (anhydrous)
Ammonia (cone 20% or
greater)
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium benzoate
Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bichromate
Ammonium bifluoride
Ammonium bisulfite
Ammonium carbamate
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chromate
Ammonium citrate, dibasic
Ammonium fluoborate
Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium picrate
Ammonium silicofluoride
Ammonium sulfamate
Ammonium sulfide
Ammonium sulfite
Ammonium tartrate
Ammonium tartrate
Ammonium thiocyanate
Ammonium vanadate
Amphetamine
Amyl acetate
iso-Amyl acetate
sec-Amyl acetate
tert-Amyl acetate
Anilazine
Aniline
Aniline, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
o-Anisidine hydrochloride
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony Compounds
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
2763-96-4
54-62-6
504-24-5
78-53-5
3734-97-2
33089-61-1
61-82-5
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
631-61-8
1863-63-4
1066-33-7
7789-09-5
1341-49-7
10192-30-0
1111-78-0
506-87-6
12125-02-9
7788-98-9
3012-65-5
13826-83-0
12125-01-8
1336-21-6
5972-73-6
6009-70-7
14258-49-2
131-74-8
16919-19-0
7773-06-0
12135-76-1
10196-04-0
3164-29-2
14307-43-8
1762-95-4
7803-55-6
300-62-9
628-63-7
123-92-2
626-38-0
625-16-1
101-05-3
62-53-3
88-05-1
90-04-0
104-94-9
134-29-2
120-12-7
7440-36-0
N010
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
500
1,000
500
100
100
100
1,000
5,000
500
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1,000
10
100
100
1000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
5,000
5,000
100
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
1,000
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
5,000
5,000
***
Section
313
313
313
313
X
X
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P007
POOS
U011
P009
P119
U012
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
20,000
A-2
-------
NAME
Antimony pentachloride
Antimony pentafluoride
Antimony potassium tartrate
Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony trioxide
Antimycin A
ANTU
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Arsenic
Arsenic acid
Arsenic acid
Arsenic Compounds
Arsenic disulfide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trisulfide
Arsenous oxide
Arsenous trichloride
Arsine
Asbestos (friable)
Atrazine
Auramine
Avermectin B1
Azaserine
1H-Azepine-1 carbothioicacid,
hexahydro-S-ethyl ester
Azinphos-ethyl
Azinphos-methyl
Aziridine
Aziridine, 2-methyl
Barban
Barium
Barium Compounds
-Except Barium Sulfate (under
313)
Barium cyanide
Bendiocarb
Bendiocarb phenol
Benezeneamine, 2,6-dinitro-
N,N-dipropyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-
Benfluralin
Benomyl
Benz[c]acridine
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
7647-18-9
7783-70-2
28300-74-5
7789-61-9
10025-91-9
7783-56-4
1309-64-4
1397-94-0
86-88-4
12674-11-2
11104-28-2
11141-16-5
53469-21-9
12672-29-6
11097-69-1
11096-82-5
7440-38-2
1327-52-2
7778-39-4
N020
1303-32-8
1303-28-2
1327-53-3
1303-33-9
1327-53-3
7784-34-1
7784-42-1
1332-21-4
1912-24-9
492-80-8
71751-41-2
115-02-6
2212-67-1
2642-71-9
86-50-0
151-56-4
75-55-8
101-27-9
7440-39-3
N040
0
542-62-1
22781-23-3
22961-82-6
1582-09-8
1861-40-1
17804-35-2
225-51-4
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
100
100/10,000
10/10,000
500
10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
1,000
100
1
1
1
1
100
100
1
1
1
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
***
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
100
1
1
1
1
1*
10
1*
1*
10
1*
100
Section
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
31 3c
313
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P072
P010
P010
P011
P012
P012
U014
U015
P054
P067
U280
P013
U278
U364
U271
U016
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
A-3
-------
NAME
Benzal chloride
Benzamide
Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-
(1 ,1 -dimethyl-2-propynyl
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzenamine, 3-
(trifluoromethyl)-
Benzene
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-
.alpha.-(4-chlorophenyl)-
.alpha.-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
Benzeneamine, N-hydroxy-N-
nitroso, ammonium salt
Benzenearsonic acid
Benzene, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-
nitro-
1 ,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile,
2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-
Benzene, 2,4-dichloro-1-(4-
nitrophenoxy)-
Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-
methyl-
Benzene, 1 ,3-diisocyanato-2-
methyl-
Benzene, 1,3-
diisocyanatomethyl-
Benzene, m-dimethyl-
Benzene, o-dimethyl-
Benzene, p-dimethyl-
Benzeneethanamine,
alpha, alpha-dimethyl-
Benzenemethanol, 4-chloro-
.alpha.-4-chlorophenyl)-
.alpha.-(trichloromethyl)-
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzene, 1, 1 '-(2,2,2-
trichloroethylidene)bis [4-
methoxy-
Benzidine
Benzimidazole, 4,5-dichloro-2-
(trifluoromethyl)-
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo(j)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzole acid
Benzole acid, 3-amino-2,5-
dichloro-
Benzoicacid, 5-(2-chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-
nitro-, 2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-
oxethyl ester
Benzole trichloride
Benzonitrile
Benzo(rst)pentaphene
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
98-87-3
55-21-0
23950-58-5
56-55-3
98-16-8
71-43-2
510-15-6
135-20-6
98-05-5
100-14-1
1897-45-6
1836-75-5
584-84-9
91-08-7
26471-62-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
122-09-8
115-32-2
98-09-9
108-98-5
72-43-5
92-87-5
3615-21-2
205-99-2
205-82-3
207-08-9
65-85-0
133-90-4
77501-63-4
98-07-7
100-47-0
189-55-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
100
500
500/10,000
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
5,000
500
10
500
100
100
100
500
10
CERCLA
RQ
5,000
5,000
10
10
10
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
10
100
100
1
1
1
5,000
5,000
100
10
5,000
10
Section
313
313
313
X
313+A
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
313
313+A
313+A
313+A
X
313
313
313+
RCRA
CODE
U017
U192
U018
U019
U038
U223
U239
U239
U239
P046
U020
P014
U247
U021
U023
U064
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-4
-------
NAME
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
Benzo(a)phenanthrene
Benzo[a]pyrene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzotrichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl cyanide
Beryllium
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium Compounds
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium nitrate
Beryllium nitrate
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-
carbonitrile, 5-chloro-6-
((((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)i
mino)-,(1 -alpha, 2-beta,4-
alpha,5-alpha,6E))-
Bifenthrin
2,2'-Bioxirane
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-1-
methylethyl)ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ketone
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
N,N'-Bis(1-methylethyl)-6-
methylthio-1 ,3,5-triazine-2,4-
diamine
1,3-
Bis(methylisocyanate)cyclohex
ane
1,4-
Bis(methylisocyanate)cyclohex
ane
Bis(tributyltin) oxide
Bitoscanate
Borane, trichloro-
Borane, trifluoro-
Boron trichloride
Boron trifluoride
Boron trifluoride compound
with methyl ether (1:1)
Boron,
trifluoro[oxybis[methane]]-, (T-
4)-
Bromacil
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
191-24-2
218-01-9
50-32-8
106-51-4
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-36-0
100-44-7
140-29-4
7440-41-7
7787-47-5
N050
7787-49-7
7787-55-5
13597-99-4
319-84-6
319-85-7
319-86-8
15271-41-7
82657-04-3
1464-53-5
92-52-4
111-91-1
111-44-4
542-88-1
108-60-1
534-07-6
117-81-7
7287-19-6
38661-72-2
10347-54-3
56-35-9
4044-65-9
10294-34-5
7637-07-2
10294-34-5
7637-07-2
353-42-4
353-42-4
314-40-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
500
500
500/10,000
500
10,000
100
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
500
500
10
10
10
10
500
500
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
5,000
100
1
10
10
1,000
100
10
1
***
1
1
1
10
1
1
10
100
1,000
10
10
1,000
100
Section
313
31 3A
313+A
313+A
X
X
313
313
313
313
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
31 3#
31 3#
313
X
X
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U050
U022
U197
U023
P028
P015
U085
U024
U025
P016
U027
U028
CAA
112(r)
TQ
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
15,000
15,000
A-5
-------
NAME
Bromacil, lithium salt
Bromadiolone
Bromine
Bromoacetone
1-Bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-1 ,3-
propanedicarbonitrile
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
O-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-
O-ethyl-S-
propylphosphorothioate
Bromoform
Bromomethane
5-Bromo-6-methyl-3-(1 -
methylpropyl)-2,4-(1H,3H)-
pyrimidinedione
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bromotrifluoroethylene
Bromotrifluoro methane
Bromoxynil
Bromoxynil octanoate
Brucine
1,3-Butadiene
1 ,3-Butadiene, 2-methyl-
Butane
Butane, 2-methyl-
2-Butenal
2-Butenal, (e)-
Butene
1-Butene
2-Butene
2-Butene-cis
2-Butene, 1,4-dichloro-
2-Butene, (E)
2-Butene-trans
1-Buten-3-yne
2,4-D butoxyethyl ester
Butyl acetate
iso-Butyl acetate
sec-Butyl acetate
tert-Butyl acetate
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
Butylamine
iso-Butylamine
sec-Butylamine
sec-Butylamine
tert-Butylamine
Butyl benzyl phthalate
.alpha.-Butyl-.alpha.-(4-
chlorophenyr)-1 H-1 ,2,4-
triazole-1 -propanenitrile
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
53404-19-6
28772-56-7
7726-95-6
598-31-2
35691-65-7
353-59-3
41198-08-7
75-25-2
74-83-9
314-40-9
101-55-3
598-73-2
75-63-8
1689-84-5
1689-99-2
357-57-3
106-99-0
78-79-5
106-97-8
78-78-4
4170-30-3
123-73-9
25167-67-3
106-98-9
107-01-7
590-18-1
764-41-0
624-64-6
624-64-6
689-97-4
1929-73-3
123-86-4
110-19-0
105-46-4
540-88-5
141-32-2
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-65-0
109-73-9
78-81-9
513-49-5
13952-84-6
75-64-9
85-68-7
88671-89-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
500
1,000
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
100
1,000
100
100
10
100
100
100
1
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
Section
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
P017
U225
U029
U030
P018
U053
U053
U074
U031
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-6
-------
NAME
1 ,2-Butylene oxide
Butylethylcarbamothioic acid
S-propyl ester
N-Butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-
(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine
n-Butyl phthalate
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
iso-Butyric acid
Cacodylic acid
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium Compounds
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium stearate
Calcium arsenate
Calcium arsenite
Calcium carbide
Calcium chromate
Calcium cyanamide
Calcium cyanide
Calcium
dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Calcium hypochlorite
Camphechlor
Camphene, octachloro-
Cantharidin
Captan
Carbachol chloride
Carbamic acid, diethylthio-, S-
(p-chlorobenzyl)
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Carbamic acid, methyl-, O-
(((2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-
yl)methylene)amino)-
Carbamodithioicacid, 1,2-
ethanediylbis-, manganese
complex
Carbamodithioicacid, 1,2-
ethanediylbis-, zinc complex
Carbamothioicacid, bis(1-
methylethyl)-S-(2,3-dichloro-2-
propenyl)ester
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-,
S-(phenylmethyl) ester
Carbaryl
Carbendazim
Carbofuran
Carbofuran phenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbonic difluoride
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
106-88-7
1114-71-2
1861-40-1
84-74-2
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
79-31-2
75-60-5
7440-43-9
543-90-8
7789-42-6
10108-64-2
N078
1306-19-0
2223-93-0
7778-44-1
52740-16-6
75-20-7
13765-19-0
156-62-7
592-01-8
26264-06-2
7778-54-3
8001-35-2
8001-35-2
56-25-7
133-06-2
51-83-2
28249-77-6
51-79-6
26419-73-8
12427-38-2
12122-67-7
2303-16-4
52888-80-9
63-25-2
10605-21-7
1563-66-2
1563-38-8
75-15-0
353-50-4
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
10/10,000
10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
1,000
1
1
1
100
500
1*
10
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
10
5,000
5,000
1
10
10
10
10
***
1
1
10
10
1,000
10
1,000
10
1
1
10
100
1*
100
1*
100
1*
10
1*
100
1,000
Section
313
313
X
X
X
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
X
X
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U069
U136
U032
P021
P123
P123
U238
P185
U062
U387
U279
U372
P127
U367
P022
U033
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
20,000
A-7
-------
NAME
Carbonic dichloride
Carbonochloridic acid,
methylester
Carbonochloridic acid, 1-
methylethyl ester
Carbonochloridic acid,
propylester
Carbon oxide sulfide (COS)
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Carbophenothion
Carbosulfan
Carboxin
Catechol
CFC-11
CFC-12
CFC-11 4
CFC-11 5
CFC-13
Chinomethionat
Chloramben
Chlorambucil
Chlordane
Chlordane (Technical Mixture
and Metabolites)
Chlorendic acid
Chlorfenvinfos
Chlorimuron ethyl
Chlorinated Benzenes
Chlorinated Ethanes
Chlorinated Naphthalene
Chlorinated Phenols
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine monoxide
Chlorine oxide
Chlorine oxide (CIO2)
Chlormephos
Chlormequat chloride
Chlornaphazine
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic acid
2-Chloroacetophenone
Chloroalkyl Ethers
1 -(3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1 -
azoniaadamantane chloride
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzilate
2-(4-((6-Chloro-2-
benzoxazolylen)oxy)phenoxy)p
ropanoic acid, ethyl ester
2-Chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-
CAS/313
Category Codes
75-44-5
79-22-1
108-23-6
109-61-5
463-58-1
56-23-5
463-58-1
786-19-6
55285-14-8
5234-68-4
120-80-9
75-69-4
75-71-8
76-14-2
76-15-3
75-72-9
2439-01-2
133-90-4
305-03-3
57-74-9
0
115-28-6
470-90-6
90982-32-4
0
0
0
N084
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
7791-21-1
7791-21-1
10049-04-4
24934-91-6
999-81-5
494-03-1
107-20-0
79-11-8
532-27-4
0
4080-31-3
106-47-8
108-90-7
510-15-6
66441-23-4
51-75-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10
500
1,000
500
500
1,000
500
100
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
10
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
1,000
1,000
500
500
1
500
10
500
100
100
10
CERCLA
RQ
10
1,000
100
10
100
1*
100
5,000
5,000
100
10
1
***
***
***
***
***
10
100
1,000
100
100
***
1,000
100
10
Section
313
X
X
X
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
31 3A
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
RCRA
CODE
P095
U156
U211
P189
U121
U075
U035
U036
U026
P023
P024
U037
U038
CAA
112(r)
TO
500
5,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
2,500
1,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
-------
NAME
methylethanamine
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2,4-D chlorocrotyl ester
Chlorodibromomethane
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
Chlorodifluoromethane
5-Chloro-3-(1 ,1 -dimethylethyl)-
6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-
pyrimidinedione
Chloroethane
Chloroethanol
Chloroethyl chloroformate
6-Chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-
methylethyr)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-
diamine
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chloro-N-(((4-methoxy-6-
methyl-1 ,3,5-triazin-2-
yl)amino]carbonyl)benzenesulf
onamide
4-Chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3(2H)-
pyridazinone
Chloromethyl ether
4-Chloro-alpha-(1-
methylethyl)benzeneacetic
acid cyano(3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
2-Chloro-N-(1 -methylethyl)-N-
phenylacetamide
Chloromethyl methyl ether
(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)
acetate sodium salt
(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)
acetic acid
3-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -propene
2-Chloronaphthalene
Chlorophacinone
2-Chlorophenol
Chlorophenols
1 -(4-Chlorophenoxy)-3,3-
dimethyl-1 -(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -
yl)-2-butanone
.alpha.-(2-Chlorophenyl)-
.alpha.-4-chlorophenyl)-5-
pyrimidinemethanol
p-Chlorophenyl isocyanate
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Chloropicrin
Chloroprene
3-Chloropropionitrile
1-Chloropropylene
2-Chloropropylene
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
59-50-7
2971-38-2
124-48-1
75-68-3
75-45-6
5902-51-2
75-00-3
107-07-3
627-11-2
1912-24-9
110-75-8
67-66-3
74-87-3
64902-72-3
27314-13-2
542-88-1
51630-58-1
1918-16-7
107-30-2
3653-48-3
94-74-6
563-47-3
91-58-7
3691-35-8
95-57-8
N084
43121-43-3
60168-88-9
104-12-1
7005-72-3
76-06-2
126-99-8
542-76-7
590-21-6
557-98-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
1,000
10,000
100
100
100/10,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
1,000
10
10
10
100
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
5,000
100
100
100
1,000
10
100
10
10
5,000
100
***
5,000
100
1,000
Section
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
X
X
313
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U039
U042
U044
U045
P016
U046
U047
U048
P027
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
20,000
10,000
1,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
A-9
-------
NAME
2-(4-((6-Chloro-2-
quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy)
propanoic acid ethyl ester
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chlorotetrafluoroethane
1 -Chloro-1, 1,2,2-
tetrafluoroethane
2-Chloro-1, 1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane
Chlorothalonil
p-Chloro-o-toluidine
4-Chloro-o-toluidine,
hydrochloride
2-Chloro-6-
(trichloromethyl)pyridine
2-Chloro-1 ,1 ,1-trifluoroethane
Chlorotrifluoromethane
5-(2-Chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-
nitrobenzoic acid, sodium salt
5-(2-Chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-N-
methylsulfonyl)-2-
nitrobenzamide
5-(2-Chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-
nitro-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-
oxoethyl ester
N-(2-Chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-DL-
valine(+)-cyano(3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane
3-(2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-
propenyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxyli
c acid cyano(S-phenoxyphenyl)
methyl ester
Chloroxuron
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos methyl
Chlorsulfuron
Chlorthiophos
Chromic acetate
Chromic acid
Chromic acid
Chromic chloride
Chromic sulfate
Chromium
Chromium Compounds
Chromous chloride
d-trans-Chrysanthemic acid of
d-allethrone
Chrysene
C.I. Acid Green 3
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
76578-14-8
7790-94-5
63938-10-3
354-25-6
2837-89-0
1897-45-6
95-69-2
3165-93-3
1929-82-4
75-88-7
75-72-9
62476-59-9
72178-02-0
77501-63-4
69409-94-5
460-35-5
68085-85-8
1982-47-4
2921-88-2
5598-13-0
64902-72-3
21923-23-9
1066-30-4
7738-94-5
11115-74-5
10025-73-7
10101-53-8
7440-47-3
N090
10049-05-5
28057-48-9
218-01-9
4680-78-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500
1/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
1
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
100
1
1,000
10
10
1,000
5,000
***
1,000
100
Section
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
X
X
X
X
313
X
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
X
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U049
U050
CAA
112(r)
TQ
A-10
-------
NAME
C. .Acid Red 114
C. . Basic Green 4
C. . Basic Red 1
C. . Direct Black 38
C. . Direct Blue 21 8
C. . Direct Blue 6
C. . Direct Brown 95
C. . Disperse Yellow 3
C. . Food Red 5
C. . Food Red 15
C. . Solvent Orange 7
C. . Solvent Yellow 3
C. . Solvent Yellow 14
C. . Solvent Yellow 34
C. . Vat Yellow 4
Cobalt
Cobalt carbonyl
Cobalt Compounds
Cobalt, ((2,2'-(1,2-
ethanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyn
e))bis(6-fluorophenylato))(2-)-
N,N',O,O')-
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate
Cobaltous sulfamate
Coke Oven Emissions
Colchicine
Copper
Copper Compounds
-Except copper
phthalocyanine compounds
(under 31 3)
-Except C.I. Pigment Blue 15
(under 31 3)
-Except C.I. Pigment Green 7
(under 31 3)
-Except C.I. Pigment Green
36 (under 31 3)
Copper cyanide
Coumaphos
Coumatetralyl
Creosote
p-Cresidine
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol (mixed isomers)
Crimidine
Crotonaldehyde
Crotonaldehyde, (E)-
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
6459-94-5
569-64-2
989-38-8
1937-37-7
28407-37-6
2602-46-2
16071-86-6
2832-40-8
3761-53-3
81-88-9
3118-97-6
97-56-3
842-07-9
492-80-8
128-66-5
7440-48-4
10210-68-1
N096
62207-76-5
7789-43-7
544-18-3
14017-41-5
0
64-86-8
7440-50-8
N100
0
0
0
0
544-92-3
56-72-4
5836-29-3
8001-58-9
120-71-8
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
1319-77-3
535-89-7
4170-30-3
123-73-9
98-82-8
80-15-9
135-20-6
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10/10,000
100/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
10
10
500
100
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
***
1,000
1,000
1,000
1
5,000
***
10
10
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
5,000
10
Section
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U014
P029
U051
U052
U052
U052
U052
U053
U053
U055
U096
CAA
112(r)
TQ
20,000
20,000
A-ll
-------
NAME
Cupric acetate
Cupric acetoarsenite
Cupric chloride
Cupric nitrate
Cupric oxalate
Cupric sulfate
Cupric sulfate, ammoniated
Cupric tartrate
Cyanazine
Cyanide Compounds
Cyanides (soluble salts and
complexes)
Cyanogen
Cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen chloride
Cyanogen chloride ((CN)CI)
Cyanogen iodide
Cyanophos
Cyanuric fluoride
Cycloate
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione,
2,3,5-tris(1-aziridinyl)-
Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexane
1 ,4-Cyclohexane diisocyanate
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-
,(1. alpha. ,2. alpha., 3. beta., 4. alp
ha.,5.alpha.,6.beta.)-
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cycloheximide
Cyclohexylamine
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclopropane
Cyfluthrin
Cyhalothrin
2,4-D
2,4-D Acid
2,4-D butyl ester
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D Esters
2,4-D isopropyl ester
2,4-D propylene glycol butyl
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
142-71-2
12002-03-8
7447-39-4
3251-23-8
5893-66-3
7758-98-7
10380-29-7
815-82-7
21725-46-2
N106
57-12-5
460-19-5
506-68-3
506-77-4
506-77-4
506-78-5
2636-26-2
675-14-9
1134-23-2
68-76-8
108-91-8
110-82-7
2556-36-7
58-89-9
108-93-0
108-94-1
66-81-9
108-91-8
131-89-5
50-18-0
75-19-4
68359-37-5
68085-85-8
94-75-7
94-75-7
94-80-4
94-11-1
94-79-1
94-80-4
1320-18-9
1928-38-7
1928-61-6
1929-73-3
2971-38-2
25168-26-7
53467-11-1
94-11-1
1320-18-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000/10,000
1,000
100
10,000
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
10,000
1
100
10,000
CERCLA
RQ
100
1
10
100
100
10
100
100
***
10
100
1,000
10
10
1,000
1
5,000
100
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Section
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
31 3#
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P030
P031
U246
P033
P033
U056
U129
U057
P034
U058
U240
U240
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
A-12
-------
NAME
ether ester
2,4-D, salts and esters
Daunomycin
Dazomet
Dazomet, sodium salt
2,4-DB
DBCP
ODD
DDE
DDE
DDT
DDT and Metabolites
Decaborane(14)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
DEF
DEHP
Demeton
Demeton-S-methyl
Desmedipham
2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester
2,4-D 2-ethyl-4-methylpentyl
ester
Dialifor
Diallate
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoluene
Diaminotoluene
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Diaminotoluene (mixed
isomers)
o-Dianisidine dihydrochloride
o-Dianisidine hydrochloride
Diazinon
Diazomethane
Dibenz(a,h)acridine
Dibenz(a,j)acridine
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
Dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
Dibenz[a,i]pyrene
Diborane
Diborane(6)
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
3,5-Dibromo-4-
hydroxybenzonitrile
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
94-75-7
20830-81-3
533-74-4
53404-60-7
94-82-6
96-12-8
72-54-8
72-55-9
3547-04-4
50-29-3
0
17702-41-9
1163-19-5
78-48-8
117-81-7
8065-48-3
919-86-8
13684-56-5
1928-43-4
53404-37-8
10311-84-9
2303-16-4
615-05-4
39156-41-7
101-80-4
496-72-0
823-40-5
95-80-7
25376-45-8
20325-40-0
111984-09-9
333-41-5
334-88-3
226-36-8
224-42-0
53-70-3
194-59-2
5385-75-1
132-64-9
192-65-4
189-64-0
191-30-0
189-55-9
19287-45-7
19287-45-7
96-12-8
106-93-4
1689-84-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500
500
100/10,000
100
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
500
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
10
1
1
1
5,000
1
***
100
100
10
10
10
10
1
100
1
100
10
1
1
Section
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
313+A
313+A
313+A
313+A
313+A
313
313+A
313+A
313+A
X
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U240
U059
U066
U060
U061
U028
U062
U221
U221
U221
U063
U064
U066
U067
CAA
112(r)
TQ
2,500
2,500
A-13
-------
NAME
2,2-Dibromo-3-
nitrilopropionamide
Dibromotetrafluoroethane
Dibutyl phthalate
Dicamba
Dichlobenil
Dichlone
Dichloran
Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorobenzene (mixed
isomers)
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
dihydrochloride
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine sulfate
Dichlorobromo methane
trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
trans-1 ,4-Dichlorobutene
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
4,6-Dichloro-N-(2-
chlorophenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazin-2-
amine
1 ,2-Dichloro-1 ,1-difluoroethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropane
carboxylic acid, (3-phenoxy-
phenyl)methyl ester
3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxyli
cacid, cyano(4-fluoro-3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
Dichloroethyl ether
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
Dichlorofluoromethane
Dichloroisopropyl ether
Dichloromethane
3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic
acid
3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic
acid, sodium salt
Dichloromethyl ether
3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-(1-
methylethoxy)phenyl)-5-(1 ,1 -
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
10222-01-2
124-73-2
84-74-2
1918-00-9
1194-65-6
117-80-6
99-30-9
25321-22-6
95-50-1
95-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
25321-22-6
91-94-1
0
612-83-9
64969-34-2
75-27-4
110-57-6
110-57-6
764-41-0
101-05-3
1649-08-7
75-71-8
75-34-3
107-06-2
52645-53-1
68359-37-5
75-35-4
156-60-5
540-59-0
111-44-4
1717-00-6
75-43-4
108-60-1
75-09-2
1918-00-9
1982-69-0
542-88-1
19666-30-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
10,000
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
10
10
CERCLA
RQ
10
1,000
100
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
***
5,000
1
5,000
1,000
100
100
1,000
10
1,000
1,000
1,000
10
Section
313
313s
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
X
X
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
X
X
X
X
RCRA
CODE
U069
U070
U070
U071
U072
U073
U074
U075
U076
U077
U078
U079
U025
U027
U080
P016
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
1,000
A-14
-------
NAME
dimethylethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-
2(3H)-one
Dichloromethylphenylsilane
2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline
Dichloropentafluoropropane
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3-
pentafluoropropane
1,2-Dichloro-1, 1,2,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoropropane
1,3-Dichloro-1, 1,2,2,3-
pentafluoropropane
1,1-Dichloro-1 ,2,2,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
1,2-Dichloro-1, 1,3,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
1,3-Dichloro-1, 1,2,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
1,1-Dichloro-1 ,2,3,3,3-
pentafluoropropane
Dichlorophene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
2-(4-(2,4-
Dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)pro
panoic acid, methyl ester
Dichlorophenylarsine
3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-
ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-
oxazolidinedione
2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-
methyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazolidine-
3,5-dione
N-(3,4-
Dichlorophenyl)propanamide
1 -(2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-
propenyloxy)ethyl)-1 H-
imidazole
1 -(2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-
propyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-
methyl-1 H-1 ,2,4,-triazole
Dichloropropane
Dichloropropane -
Dichloropropene (mixture)
1,1 -Dichloropropane
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
Dichloropropene
1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
2,3-Dichloropropene
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
149-74-6
99-30-9
127564-92-5
128903-21-9
422-48-0
422-44-6
422-56-0
507-55-1
13474-88-9
431-86-7
136013-79-1
111512-56-2
97-23-4
120-83-2
87-65-0
51338-27-3
696-28-6
50471-44-8
20354-26-1
709-98-8
35554-44-0
60207-90-1
26638-19-7
8003-19-8
78-99-9
78-87-5
142-28-9
26952-23-8
542-75-6
10061-02-6
78-88-6
75-99-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
1
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
1
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
5,000
100
100
100
5,000
Section
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
313
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U081
U082
P036
U083
U084
CAA
112(r)
TQ
A-15
-------
NAME
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorosilane
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Dichloro-1 ,1 ,2-trifluoroethane
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
1,1 -Dichloro-1 ,2,2-
trifluoroethane
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2-
trifluoroethane
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-
trifluoroethane
Dichlorvos
Diclofop methyl
Dicofol
Dicrotophos
Dicyclopentadiene
Dieldrin
Diepoxybutane
Diethanolamine
Diethatyl ethyl
Diethylamine
O-(2-(Diethylamino)-6-methyl-
4-pyrimidinyl)-O,O-dimethyl
phosphorothioate
N,N-Diethylaniline
Diethylarsine
Diethyl chlorophosphate
Diethyldiisocyanatobenzene
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
O,O-Diethyl S-methyl
dithiophosphate
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl
phosphate
Diethyl phthalate
O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl
phosphorothioate
Diethylstilbestrol
Diethyl sulfate
Diflubenzuron
Difluoroethane
Digitoxin
Diglycidyl ether
Diglycidyl resorcinol ether
Digoxin
2,3,-Dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1 ,4-
dithiin 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide
5,6-Dihydro-2-methyl-N-
phenyl-1 ,4-oxathiin-3-
carboxamide
Dihydrosafrole
Diisocyanates (includes only
20 chemicals)
4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenyl
ether
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
542-75-6
4109-96-0
76-14-2
90454-18-5
34077-87-7
812-04-4
354-23-4
306-83-2
62-73-7
51338-27-3
115-32-2
141-66-2
77-73-6
60-57-1
1464-53-5
111-42-2
38727-55-8
109-89-7
29232-93-7
91-66-7
692-42-2
814-49-3
134190-37-7
117-81-7
3288-58-2
311-45-5
84-66-2
297-97-2
56-53-1
64-67-5
35367-38-5
75-37-6
71-63-6
2238-07-5
101-90-6
20830-75-5
55290-64-7
5234-68-4
94-58-6
N120
4128-73-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
100
500
500
500
100/10,000
1,000
10/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
10
500
100
100
1,000
10
CERCLA
RQ
100
10
10
1
10
100
100
1,000
1
100
5,000
100
1,000
100
1
10
10
Section
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
31 3#
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
31 3#
RCRA
CODE
U084
P037
U085
P038
U028
U087
P041
U088
P040
U089
U090
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
A-16
-------
NAME
2,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenyl
sulfide
Diisopropylfluorophosphate
Dimefox
1,4:5,8-
Dimethanonaphthalene,
1 ,2,3,4,1 0,1 0-hexachloro-
1 ,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-
(1 .alpha., 4. alpha. ,4a. beta., 5. al
pha.,8.alpha.,8a.beta.)-
Dimethipin
Dimethoate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
dihydrochloride
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine-4,4'-
diisocyanate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
hydrochloride
Dimethylamine
Dimethylamine dicamba
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Dimethylaminoazobenzene
N,N-Dimethylaniline
7,12-
Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
dihydrochloride
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
dihydrofluoride
2,2-Dimethyl-1 ,3-benzodioxol-
4-ol methylcarbamate
Dimethylcarbamyl chloride
Dimethyl chlorothiophosphate
Dimethyldichlorosilane
3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diphenylene
diisocyanate
3,3'-Dimethyldiphenylmethane-
4,4'-diisocyanate
N-(5-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)-1 ,3,4-
thiadiazol-2-yl)-N,N'-
dimethylurea
Dimethylformamide
N,N-Dimethylformamide
1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine
Dimethylhydrazine
O,O-Dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-
(methylthio) phenyl) ester,
phosphorothioic acid
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -
propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxyl
ic acid (1 ,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-
1 ,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-
yl)methyl ester
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
75790-87-3
55-91-4
115-26-4
309-00-2
55290-64-7
60-51-5
119-90-4
20325-40-0
91-93-0
111984-09-9
124-40-3
2300-66-5
60-11-7
60-11-7
121-69-7
57-97-6
119-93-7
612-82-8
41766-75-0
22781-23-3
79-44-7
2524-03-0
75-78-5
91-97-4
139-25-3
34014-18-1
68-12-2
68-12-2
57-14-7
57-14-7
55-38-9
7696-12-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
500
1
10
500
500
10
10
CERCLA
RQ
100
1
10
100
1,000
10
10
100
1
10
1*
1
100
100
10
10
Section
313
31 3#
X
313
313
313
313
31 3#
313
313
313
313
X
313
313+A
313
313
313
X
313
313
31 3#
31 3#
X
X
313
313
X
X
X
RCRA
CODE
P043
P004
P044
U091
U092
U093
U093
U094
U095
U278
U097
U098
U098
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
5,000
15,000
15,000
A-17
-------
NAME
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -
propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxyl
ic acid (3-
phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Dimethyl
phosphorochloridothioate
Dimethyl phthalate
2,2-Dimethylpropane
Dimethyl sulfate
O,O-Dimethyl-O-(3,5,6-
trichloro-2-
pyridyl)phosphorothioate
Dimetilan
Dinitrobenzene (mixed
isomers)
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrobutyl phenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
Dinitrocresol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol and salts
Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,5-Dinitrophenol
2,6-Dinitrophenol
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
3,4-Dinitrotoluene
Dinocap
Dinoseb
Dinoterb
Di-n-octyl phthalate
n-Dioctyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dioxane
Dioxathion
Dioxin and dioxin-like
compounds (includes only 17
chemicals)
Diphacinone
Diphenamid
Diphenylamine
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Diphenylhydrazine
Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
Dipotassium endothall
Dipropylamine
4-(Dipropylamino)-3,5-
dinitrobenzenesulfonamide
Dipropyl isocinchomeronate
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
26002-80-2
105-67-9
99-98-9
2524-03-0
131-11-3
463-82-1
77-78-1
5598-13-0
644-64-4
25154-54-5
99-65-0
528-29-0
100-25-4
88-85-7
534-52-1
534-52-1
534-52-1
25550-58-7
51-28-5
329-71-5
573-56-8
25321-14-6
121-14-2
606-20-2
610-39-9
39300-45-3
88-85-7
1420-07-1
117-84-0
117-84-0
123-91-1
78-34-2
N150
82-66-6
957-51-7
122-39-4
122-66-7
0
152-16-9
2164-07-0
142-84-7
19044-88-3
136-45-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10/10,000
500
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
10/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
10/10,000
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
500
100
1*
1,000
10
10
1,000
500
500
10
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
5,000
100
1*
100
100
100
100
1,000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
100
10
1,000
5,000
5,000
100
10
***
100
5,000
Section
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
31 3A
313
313
313
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
U101
U102
U103
P191
P020
P047
P047
P047
P048
U105
U106
P020
U107
U107
U108
U109
P085
U110
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
A-18
-------
NAME
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Diquat
Diquat
Disodium
cyanodithioimidocarbonate
Disulfoton
Dithiazanine iodide
Dithiobiuret
2,4-Dithiobiuret
Diuron
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
Dodecylguanidine
monoacetate
Dodine
2,4-DP
2,4-D sodium salt
Emetine, dihydrochloride
alpha - Endosulfan
beta - Endosulfan
Endosulfan
Endosulfan and Metabolites
Endosulfan sulfate
Endothall
Endothion
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Endrin and Metabolites
Epichlorohydrin
Epinephrine
EPN
EPIC
Ergocalciferol
Ergotamine tartrate
Ethanamine
Ethane
Ethane, chloro-
1,2-Ethanediamine
Ethane, 1,1-difluoro-
Ethanedinitrile
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis-
Ethaneperoxoic acid
Ethanesulfonyl chloride, 2-
chloro-
Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-
Ethane, 1,1'-thiobis[2-chloro-
Ethanethiol
Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2,-
trifluoro-
Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-
(dimethylamino)-N-hydroxy-2-
oxo-, methyl ester
Ethanimidothioic acid, N-
[[methylamino)carbonyl]
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
621-64-7
85-00-7
2764-72-9
138-93-2
298-04-4
514-73-8
541-53-7
541-53-7
330-54-1
27176-87-0
2439-10-3
2439-10-3
120-36-5
2702-72-9
316-42-7
959-98-8
33213-65-9
115-29-7
0
1031-07-8
145-73-3
2778-04-3
72-20-8
7421-93-4
0
106-89-8
51-43-4
2104-64-5
759-94-4
50-14-6
379-79-3
75-04-7
74-84-0
75-00-3
107-15-3
75-37-6
460-19-5
60-29-7
79-21-0
1622-32-8
630-20-6
505-60-2
75-08-1
76-13-1
30558-43-1
16752-77-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
1/10,000
10/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
10,000
500
500
500
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
500
100
100
1
1
500
1
100
100
1,000
500
5,000
500
500
500
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
1,000
1,000
1
100
100
100
1,000
1
1
1
***
1
1,000
1
1
***
100
1,000
100
100
5,000
100
100
100
1*
100
Section
313
X
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
RCRA
CODE
U111
P039
P049
P049
P050
P088
P051
U041
P042
P031
U117
U208
U394
P066
CAA
112(r)
TQ
20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-19
-------
NAME
Ethanol, 1 ,2-dichloro-, acetate
Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,
dicarbamate
Ethene
Ethene, bromotrifluoro-
Ethene, chloro-
Ethene, chlorotrifluoro-
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-
Ethene, ethoxy-
Ethene, fluoro-
Ethene, methoxy-
Ethene, tetrafluoro-
Ethion
Ethoprop
Ethoprophos
2-Ethoxyethanol
2-(1-(Ethoxyimino) butyl)-5-(2-
(ethylthio)propyl)-3-hydroxyl-2-
cyclohexen-1-one
2-((Ethoxyl((1-
methylethyl)amino]phosphinoth
ioyl]oxy) benzole acid 1-
methylethyl ester
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetylene
Ethyl acrylate
3-
((Ethylamino)methoxyphosphin
othioyl)oxy)-2-butenoic acid, 1-
methylethyl ester
Ethylbenzene
Ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine
Ethyl carbamate
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethyl-2-(((((4-chloro-6-
methoxyprimidin-2-
yl)amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfo
nyl)benzoate
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate
Ethylene
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic
acid, salts and esters
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic
acid, salts & esters
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic
acid (EDTA)
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene fluorohydrin
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
10140-87-1
110-80-5
5952-26-1
74-85-1
598-73-2
75-01-4
79-38-9
75-35-4
75-38-7
109-92-2
75-02-5
107-25-5
116-14-3
563-12-2
13194-48-4
13194-48-4
110-80-5
74051-80-2
25311-71-1
141-78-6
107-00-6
140-88-5
31218-83-4
100-41-4
538-07-8
51-79-6
75-00-3
541-41-3
90982-32-4
107-12-0
759-94-4
74-85-1
N171
111-54-6
107-15-3
60-00-4
106-93-4
107-06-2
371-62-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
10,000
10
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1,000
10
1,000
1,000
500
10
5,000
10
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1*
1
100
10
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
100
100
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
1
100
Section
313
X
X
X
X
313
X
313
X
X
313
X
313
X
X
313
X
313
313
313
X
X
X
RCRA
CODE
U359
U395
U043
U078
U359
U112
U113
U238
P101
U114
U067
U077
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
A-20
-------
NAME
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethyl ether
Ethylidene Dichloride
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl methanesulfonate
N-Ethyl-N'-(1 -methylethyl)-6-
(methylthio)-1,3,5,-triazine-2,4-
diamine
O-Ethyl O-(4-
(methylthio)phenyl)phosphorod
ithioic acid S-propyl ester
Ethyl nitrite
N-(1 -Ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-
2,6-dinitrobenzenamine
S-(2-(Ethylsulfinyl)ethyl) O,O-
dimethyl ester phosphorothioic
acid
Ethylthiocyanate
Ethyne
Famphur
Fenamiphos
Fenarimol
Fenbutatin oxide
Fenoxaprop ethyl
Fenoxycarb
Fenpropathrin
Fensulfothion
Fenthion
Fenvalerate
Ferbam
Ferric ammonium citrate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric chloride
Ferric fluoride
Ferric nitrate
Ferric sulfate
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Ferrous chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate
Fine mineral fibers
Fluazifop butyl
Fluenetil
Fluometuron
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Fluorine
Fluoroacetamide
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
60-29-7
75-34-3
75-08-1
97-63-2
62-50-0
834-12-8
35400-43-2
109-95-5
40487-42-1
301-12-2
542-90-5
74-86-2
52-85-7
22224-92-6
60168-88-9
13356-08-6
66441-23-4
72490-01-8
39515-41-8
115-90-2
55-38-9
51630-58-1
14484-64-1
1185-57-5
2944-67-4
55488-87-4
7705-08-0
7783-50-8
10421-48-4
10028-22-5
10045-89-3
7758-94-3
7720-78-7
7782-63-0
0
69806-50-4
4301-50-2
2164-17-2
206-44-0
86-73-7
7782-41-4
640-19-7
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
1,000
10,000
10/10,000
500
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
10
10,000
10
500
100
10
100
CERCLA
RQ
5,000
1
10
10
100
1,000
1,000
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
***
100
5,000
10
100
Section
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
P054
U115
U116
U117
U076
U118
U119
P097
U120
P056
P057
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
A-21
-------
NAME
Fluoroacetic acid
Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt
Fluoroacetyl chloride
Fluorouracil
5-Fluorouracil
Fluvalinate
Folpet
Fomesafen
Fonofos
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde cyanohydrin
Formaldehyde (solution)
Formetanate hydrochloride
Formic acid
Formic acid, methyl ester
Formothion
Form pa ran ate
Fosthietan
Freon 113
Fuberidazole
Fumaricacid
Furan
Furan, tetrahydro-
Furfural
Gallium trichloride
Glycidylaldehyde
Glycol Ethers
Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-
N-nitroso-
Guthion
Haloethers
Halomethanes
Halon 1211
Halon 1301
Halon 2402
HCFC-121
HCFC-121a
HCFC-123
HCFC-123a
HCFC-123b
HCFC-124
HCFC-124a
HCFC-132b
HCFC-133a
HCFC-141b
HCFC-142b
HCFC-21
HCFC-22
HCFC-225aa
HCFC-225ba
HCFC-225bb
HCFC-225ca
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
144-49-0
62-74-8
359-06-8
51-21-8
51-21-8
69409-94-5
133-07-3
72178-02-0
944-22-9
50-00-0
107-16-4
50-00-0
23422-53-9
64-18-6
107-31-3
2540-82-1
17702-57-7
21548-32-3
76-13-1
3878-19-1
110-17-8
110-00-9
109-99-9
98-01-1
13450-90-3
765-34-4
N230
70-25-7
86-50-0
0
0
353-59-3
75-63-8
124-73-2
354-14-3
354-11-0
306-83-2
354-23-4
812-04-4
2837-89-0
354-25-6
1649-08-7
75-88-7
1717-00-6
75-68-3
75-43-4
75-45-6
128903-21-9
422-48-0
422-44-6
422-56-0
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10/10,000
10/10,000
10
500/10,000
500/10,000
500
500
1,000
500
500/10,000
100
100/10,000
500
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
10/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
10
500
500
500
100
1,000
100
1*
100
1*
500
100
100
500
1
CERCLA
RQ
10
100
100
1*
5,000
1*
5,000
100
1,000
5,000
10
***
10
1
***
***
Section
313
X
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RCRA
CODE
P058
U122
U122
P198
U123
P197
U124
U213
U125
U126
U163
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
A-22
-------
NAME
HCFC-225cb
HCFC-225CC
HCFC-225da
HCFC-225ea
HCFC-225eb
HCFC-253fb
Heptachlor
Heptachlor and Metabolites
Heptachlor epoxide
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-
heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-
heptachlorodibenzofuran
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-
heptachlorodibenzofuran
1 ,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-
3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-
methano-1H-indene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro-1 ,3-butadiene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclohexane (all
isomers)
alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexachlorocyclohexane
(gamma isomer)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
1 ,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxin
1 ,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxin
1 ,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxin
1,2,3,4,7,8-
hexachlorodibenzofuran
1,2,3,6,7,8-
hexachlorodibenzofuran
1,2,3,7,8,9-
hexachlorodibenzofuran
2,3,4,6,7,8-
hexachlorodibenzofuran
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloronaphthalene
Hexachlorophene
Hexachloropropene
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
Hexakis(2-methyl-2-
phenylpropyl)distannoxane
Hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-
dibutyl-
Hexamethylene-1 ,6-
diisocyanate
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hexane
n-Hexane
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
507-55-1
13474-88-9
431-86-7
136013-79-1
111512-56-2
460-35-5
76-44-8
0
1024-57-3
35822-46-9
67562-39-4
55673-89-7
76-44-8
118-74-1
87-68-3
87-68-3
608-73-1
319-84-6
58-89-9
77-47-4
39227-28-6
57653-85-7
19408-74-3
70648-26-9
57117-44-9
72918-21-9
60851-34-5
67-72-1
1335-87-1
70-30-4
1888-71-7
757-58-4
13356-08-6
4835-11-4
822-06-0
680-31-9
110-54-3
110-54-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000/10,000
100
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
10
500
CERCLA
RQ
1
***
1
1
10
1
1
***
10
1
10
100
100
1,000
100
100
1
5,000
5,000
Section
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
31 3A
313!A
313!A
313!A
X
31 3A
313
X
313
X
313
313!A
313!A
313!A
313!A
313!A
313!A
313!A
313
313
313
X
31 3#
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
P059
P059
U127
U128
U128
U129
U130
U131
U132
U243
P062
CAA
112(r)
TQ
A-23
-------
NAME
Hexazinone
Hydramethylnon
Hydrazine
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-diethyl-
Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-diphenyl-
Hydrazine, methyl-
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrazobenzene
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid (cone 37% or
greater)
Hydrochloric acid (aerosol
forms only)
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid (cone. 50% or
greater)
Hydrogen
Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous)
Hydrogen chloride (gas only)
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride (anhydrous)
Hydrogen peroxide (Cono
52%)
Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-
phenylethyl-
Hydroquinone
Imazalil
lndeno(1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
3-lodo-2-propynyl
butylcarbamate
Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5), (TB-
5-11)-
Iron, pentacarbonyl-
Isobenzan
Isobutane
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobutyraldehyde
Isobutyronitrile
Isocyanicacid, 3,4-
dichlorophenyl ester
Isodrin
Isofenphos
Isofluorphate
1 H-lsoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione,
3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-
[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
Isopentane
Isophorone
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
51235-04-2
67485-29-4
302-01-2
1615-80-1
57-14-7
540-73-8
122-66-7
60-34-4
10034-93-2
122-66-7
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7664-39-3
1333-74-0
7647-01-0
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7664-39-3
7722-84-1
7783-07-5
7783-06-4
80-15-9
123-31-9
35554-44-0
193-39-5
55406-53-6
13463-40-6
13463-40-6
297-78-9
75-28-5
78-83-1
78-84-2
78-82-0
102-36-3
465-73-6
25311-71-1
55-91-4
133-06-2
78-78-4
78-59-1
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
1,000
1,000
500
100
100
100
500
500
100
100
100
1,000
10
500
500/10,000
100
100
100/10,000
1,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
1
10
10
10
100
100
5,000
5,000
10
100
100
1,000
10
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
500
1
100
CERCLA
RQ
1
10
10
1
10
10
10
5,000
5,000
5,000
10
100
100
5,000
5,000
10
100
100
100
10
100
100
5,000
1
100
10
5,000
Section
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
313
X
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
X
31 3c
313s
X
313
313
313+A
313
X
313
313
31 3A
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U133
U086
U098
U099
U109
P068
U109
P063
U134
U134
P063
U134
U134
U135
U096
U137
U140
P060
P043
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
2,500
1,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
2,500
1,000
500
10,000
2,500
2,500
10,000
20,000
10,000
A-24
-------
NAME
Isophorone diisocyanate
Isoprene
Isopropanolamine
dodecylbenzene sulfonate
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg-strong
acid process)
Isopropylamine
Isopropyl chloride
Isopropyl chloroformate
4,4'-lsopropylidenediphenol
Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl
dimethylcarbamate
Isosafrole
Isothiocyanatomethane
Kepone
Lactofen
Lactonitrile
Lasiocarpine
Lead
Lead acetate
Lead arsenate
Lead arsenate
Lead arsenate
Lead chloride
Lead Compounds
Lead fluoborate
Lead fluoride
Lead iodide
Lead nitrate
Lead phosphate
Lead stearate
Lead stearate
Lead stearate
Lead stearate
Lead subacetate
Lead sulfate
Lead sulfate
Lead sulfide
Lead thiocyanate
Leptophos
Lewisite
Lindane
Linuron
Lithium carbonate
Lithium chromate
Lithium hydride
Malathion
Maleic acid
Maleic anhydride
Maleic hydrazide
Malononitrile
Maneb
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
4098-71-9
78-79-5
42504-46-1
67-63-0
75-31-0
75-29-6
108-23-6
80-05-7
119-38-0
120-58-1
556-61-6
143-50-0
77501-63-4
78-97-7
303-34-4
7439-92-1
301-04-2
7645-25-2
7784-40-9
10102-48-4
7758-95-4
N420
13814-96-5
7783-46-2
10101-63-0
10099-74-8
7446-27-7
1072-35-1
7428-48-0
52652-59-2
56189-09-4
1335-32-6
7446-14-2
15739-80-7
1314-87-0
592-87-0
21609-90-5
541-25-3
58-89-9
330-55-2
554-13-2
14307-35-8
7580-67-8
121-75-5
110-16-7
108-31-6
123-33-1
109-77-3
12427-38-2
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
1,000
500
500
1,000
500/10,000
10
1,000/10,000
100
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
1,000
1*
500
1,000
500
10
1
100
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
100
1,000
1*
100
1
10
10
10
1
1
1
10
***
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
Section
313
31 3#
313
313
313
X
313
31 3A
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3A
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
31 3c
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P192
U141
U142
U143
U144
U145
U146
U129
U147
U148
U149
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
15,000
A-25
-------
NAME
Manganese
Manganese,
bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-
s,s>
Manganese Compounds
Manganese, tricarbonyl
methylcyclopentadienyl
MBOCA
MET
MCPA
MDI
Mechlorethamine
Mecoprop
Melphalan
Mephosfolan
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Mercaptodimethur
Mercuric acetate
Mercuric chloride
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric oxide
Mercuric sulfate
Mercuric thiocyanate
Mercurous nitrate
Mercurous nitrate
Mercury
Mercury Compounds
Mercury fulminate
Merphos
Methacrolein diacetate
Methacrylic anhydride
Methacrylonitrile
Methacryloyl chloride
Methacryloyloxyethyl
isocyanate
Methamidophos
Metham sodium
Methanamine
Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-
Methanamine, N-methyl-
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-
nitroso-
Methane
Methane, chloro-
Methane, chloromethoxy-
Methane, isocyanato-
Methane, oxybis-
Methane, oxybis[chloro-
Methanesulfenyl chloride,
trichloro-
Methanesulfonyl fluoride
Methane, tetranitro-
CAS/313
Category Codes
7439-96-5
15339-36-3
N450
12108-13-3
101-14-4
149-30-4
94-74-6
101-68-8
51-75-2
93-65-2
148-82-3
950-10-7
149-30-4
2032-65-7
1600-27-7
7487-94-7
592-04-1
10045-94-0
21908-53-2
7783-35-9
592-85-8
7782-86-7
10415-75-5
7439-97-6
N458
628-86-4
150-50-5
10476-95-6
760-93-0
126-98-7
920-46-7
30674-80-7
10265-92-6
137-42-8
74-89-5
75-50-3
124-40-3
62-75-9
74-82-8
74-87-3
107-30-2
624-83-9
115-10-6
542-88-1
594-42-3
558-25-8
509-14-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
10
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
500
100
100
100/10,000
1,000
100
500
100
500
1,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
10
500
10
500
500
500
1,000
500
1,000
100
100
100
10
10
10
10
100
1,000
10
CERCLA
RQ
1*
***
10
5,000
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
1
***
10
1,000
100
100
1,000
10
100
10
10
10
100
10
Section
313
313
31 3c
313
31 3c
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
X
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3A
31 3A
31 3c
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RCRA
CODE
P196
U158
U150
P199
U151
P065
U152
U092
P082
U045
U046
P064
P016
P112
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
A-26
-------
NAME
Methanethiol
Methane, trichloro-
4,7-Methanoindan,
1 ,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
Methanol
Methapyrilene
Methazole
Methidathion
Methiocarb
Methomyl
Methoxone
Methoxone sodium salt
Methoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol
Methoxyethylmercuric acetate
2-(4-Methoxy-6-methyl-1 ,3,5-
triazin-2-yl)-
methylamino)carbonyl)amino)s
ulfonyl)benzoicacid, methyl
ester
Methyl acrylate
Methyl bromide
2-Methyl-1-butene
3-Methyl-1-butene
Methyl chloride
Methyl 2-chloroacrylate
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroformate
3-Methylcholanthrene
5-Methylchrysene
4-Methyldiphenylmethane-3,4-
diisocyanate
6-Methyl-1 ,3-dithiolo[4,5-
b]quinoxalin-2-one
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-
chloroaniline)
2,2'-Methylenebis(4-
chlorophenol
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-
dimethyl)benzenamine
1,1'-Methylene bis(4-
isocyanatocyclohexane)
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanat
e)
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Methyl ether
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Methyl formate
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
74-93-1
67-66-3
57-74-9
67-56-1
91-80-5
20354-26-1
950-37-8
2032-65-7
16752-77-5
94-74-6
3653-48-3
72-43-5
109-86-4
151-38-2
101200-48-0
96-33-3
74-83-9
563-46-2
563-45-1
74-87-3
80-63-7
79-22-1
71-55-6
79-22-1
56-49-5
3697-24-3
75790-84-0
2439-01-2
101-14-4
97-23-4
101-61-1
5124-30-1
101-68-8
74-95-3
75-09-2
101-77-9
115-10-6
78-93-3
78-93-3
1338-23-4
107-31-3
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
10,000
1,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
1,000
500
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
10
1
500
10
100
500
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
100
10
1
5,000
5,000
10
100
1
1,000
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
10
10
5,000
1,000
1,000
10
5,000
5,000
10
Section
313
X
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
31 3A
313
31 3c
X
313
X
X
313
X
X
313+A
313+A
31 3#
X
313
X
313
31 3#
31 3#
313
X
313
313
X
RCRA
CODE
U153
U044
U036
U154
U155
P199
P066
U247
U029
U045
U156
U226
U156
U157
U158
U068
U080
U159
U159
U160
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
A-27
-------
NAME
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl isothiocyanate
2-Methyllactonitrile
Methyl mercaptan
Methylmercuric dicyanamide
Methyl methacrylate
N-Methylolacrylamide
Methyl parathion
Methyl phenkapton
Methyl phosphonicdichloride
2-Methylpropene
2-Methylpyridine
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl thiocyanate
Methylthiouracil
Methyltrichlorosilane
Methyl vinyl ketone
Metiram
Metolcarb
Metribuzin
Mevinphos
Mexacarbate
Michler's ketone
Mitomycin C
Molinate
Molybdenum trioxide
Monochloropentafluoroethane
Monocrotophos
Monoethylamine
Monomethylamine
Monuron
Muscimol
Mustard gas
Myclobutanil
Nabam
Naled
Naphthalene
1 ,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate
1-Naphthalenol,
methylcarbamate
Naphthenic acid
1,4-Naphthoquinone
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel ammonium sulfate
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel chloride
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
60-34-4
74-88-4
108-10-1
624-83-9
556-61-6
75-86-5
74-93-1
502-39-6
80-62-6
924-42-5
298-00-0
3735-23-7
676-97-1
115-11-7
109-06-8
872-50-4
1634-04-4
556-64-9
56-04-2
75-79-6
78-94-4
9006-42-2
1129-41-5
21087-64-9
7786-34-7
315-18-4
90-94-8
50-07-7
2212-67-1
1313-27-5
76-15-3
6923-22-4
75-04-7
74-89-5
150-68-5
2763-96-4
505-60-2
88671-89-0
142-59-6
300-76-5
91-20-3
3173-72-6
63-25-2
1338-24-5
130-15-4
134-32-7
91-59-8
7440-02-0
15699-18-0
13463-39-3
7718-54-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500
500
500
1,000
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
500
100
10,000
500
10
100/10,000
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
10/10,000
500/10,000
500
1
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
10
500
10
100
500
100
500
100
10,000
500
10
1*
10
1,000
10
10
1,000
500
10
CERCLA
RQ
10
100
5,000
10
10
100
1,000
100
5,000
1,000
10
1*
10
1,000
10
100
100
1,000
10
100
100
100
5,000
100
10
100
100
10
100
Section
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313s
31 3c
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
31 3#
X
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
P068
U138
U161
P064
P069
U153
U162
P071
U191
U164
P190
P128
U010
P007
U165
U279
U166
U167
U168
P073
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
1,000
A-28
-------
NAME
Nickel chloride
Nickel Compounds
Nickel cyanide
Nickel hydroxide
Nickel nitrate
Nickel sulfate
Nicotine
Nicotine and salts
Nicotine and salts
Nicotine sulfate
Nitrapyrin
Nitrate compounds (water
dissociable)
Nitric acid
Nitric acid (cone 80% or
greater)
Nitric oxide
Nitrilotriacetic acid
p-Nitroaniline
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrocyclohexane
Nitrofen
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen mustard
Nitrogen oxide (NO)
Nitroglycerin
Nitrophenol (mixed isomers)
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
m-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
Nitrophenols
2-Nitropropane
1-Nitropyrene
Nitrosamines
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosonornicotine
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
37211-05-5
N495
557-19-7
12054-48-7
14216-75-2
7786-81-4
54-11-5
54-11-5
N503
65-30-5
1929-82-4
N511
7697-37-2
7697-37-2
10102-43-9
139-13-9
100-01-6
99-59-2
98-95-3
92-93-3
1122-60-7
1836-75-5
10102-44-0
10544-72-6
51-75-2
10102-43-9
55-63-0
25154-55-6
88-75-5
100-02-7
554-84-7
100-02-7
0
79-46-9
5522-43-0
0
924-16-3
1116-54-7
55-18-5
62-75-9
62-75-9
86-30-6
156-10-5
621-64-7
759-73-9
684-93-5
615-53-2
4549-40-0
59-89-2
16543-55-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
100
10,000
500
100
10
100
1,000
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
1,000
500
10
10
10
10
10
CERCLA
RQ
100
***
10
10
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
5,000
1,000
10
10
10
10
10
100
100
100
100
100
***
10
***
10
1
1
10
10
100
10
1
1
1
10
1
Section
313
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313+A
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P074
P075
P075
P076
P077
U169
P078
P076
P081
U170
U170
U171
U172
U173
U174
P082
P082
U111
U176
U177
U178
P084
CAA
112(r)
TO
15,000
10,000
10,000
A-29
-------
NAME
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Nitrotoluene
m-Nitrotoluene
o-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitrotoluene
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Nitrous acid, ethyl ester
Norbormide
Norflurazon
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-
octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-
octachlorodibenzofuran
Octachloronaphthalene
Octachlorostyrene
Octanoic acid, 2,6-dibromo-4-
cyanophenyl ester
Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid)
Organorhodium Complex
(PMN-82-147)
Oryzalin
Osmium oxide OsO4 (T-4)-
Osmium tetroxide
Ouabain
7-Oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-
2,3-dicarboxylicacid,
dipotassium salt
Oxamyl
Oxetane, 3,3-
bis(chloromethyl)-
Oxirane
Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
Oxirane, methyl-
Oxydemeton methyl
Oxydiazon
Oxydisulfoton
Oxyfluorfen
Ozone
Paraformaldehyde
Paraldehyde
Paraquat dichloride
Paraquat methosulfate
Parathion
Parathion-methyl
Paris green
PCBs
PCNB
PCP
Pebulate
Pendimethalin
Pentaborane
Pentachlorobenzene
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
100-75-4
930-55-2
1321-12-6
99-08-1
88-72-2
99-99-0
99-55-8
109-95-5
991-42-4
27314-13-2
3268-87-9
39001-02-0
2234-13-1
29082-74-4
1689-99-2
8014-95-7
0
19044-88-3
20816-12-0
20816-12-0
630-60-4
2164-07-0
23135-22-0
78-71-7
75-21-8
106-89-8
75-56-9
301-12-2
19666-30-9
2497-07-6
42874-03-3
10028-15-6
30525-89-4
123-63-7
1910-42-5
2074-50-2
56-38-2
298-00-0
12002-03-8
1336-36-3
82-68-8
87-86-5
1114-71-2
40487-42-1
19624-22-7
608-93-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
10/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
1,000
1,000
10,000
500
100
10/10,000
10/10,000
100
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
10
100
1*
500
10
100
100
500
100
10
10
10
100
1
500
CERCLA
RQ
10
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
**
1,000
1,000
1*
10
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
100
1
1
100
10
10
Section
313
313
313
313
313!A
313!A
313
31 3A
X
313
X
313
X
X
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
313
31 3A
31 3A
RCRA
CODE
U179
U180
U181
P087
P087
P194
U115
U041
U182
P089
P071
U185
U183
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
10,000
A-30
-------
NAME
1 ,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxin
1,2,3,7,8-
pentachlorodibenzofuran
2,3,4,7,8-
pentachlorodibenzofuran
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pentadecylamine
1,3-Pentadiene
Pentane
1-Pentene
2-Pentene, (E)-
2-Pentene, (Z)-
Pentobarbital sodium
Peracetic acid
Perchloroethylene
Perchloromethyl mercaptan
Permethrin
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-,
methylcarbamate
Phenol, 3-(1-methylethyl)-,
methylcarbamate
Phenol, 2,2'-thiobis[4-chloro-6-
methyl-
Phenothrin
Phenoxarsine, 10,10'-oxydi-
(2-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl
carbamic acid ethyl ester
Phenyl dichloroarsine
(1,2-
Phenylenebis(iminocarbonothi
oyl)) biscarbamic acid diethyl
ester
1 ,2-Phenylenediamine
1 ,3-Phenylenediamine
p-Phenylenediamine
1 ,2-Phenylenediamine
dihydrochloride
1 ,4-Phenylenediamine
dihydrochloride
1 ,3-Phenylene diisocyanate
1 ,4-Phenylene diisocyanate
Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride
Phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylmercury acetate
5-(Phenylmethyl)-3-
furanyl)methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-
(2-methyl-1-
propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxyl
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
40321-76-4
57117-41-6
57117-31-4
76-01-7
82-68-8
87-86-5
2570-26-5
504-60-9
109-66-0
109-67-1
646-04-8
627-20-3
57-33-0
79-21-0
127-18-4
594-42-3
52645-53-1
62-44-2
85-01-8
108-95-2
114-26-1
64-00-6
4418-66-0
26002-80-2
58-36-6
72490-01-8
696-28-6
23564-06-9
95-54-5
108-45-2
106-50-3
615-28-1
624-18-0
123-61-5
104-49-4
59-88-1
62-38-4
62-38-4
10453-86-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500
500
500/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
500
100
1,000
1*
100
500
1
1,000
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
100
10
100
100
100
100
5,000
1,000
100
1*
1
5,000
100
100
Section
313
313!A
313!A
313!A
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
X
313
313
313
313
313
31 3#
31 3#
31 3c
31 3c
X
RCRA
CODE
U184
U185
U186
U210
U187
U188
U411
P202
P036
P092
P092
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-31
-------
NAME
ate
2-Phenylphenol
Phenylsilatrane
Phenylthiourea
Phenytoin
Phorate
Phosacetim
Phosfolan
Phosgene
Phosmet
Phosphamidon
Phosphine
Phosphonicacid, (2,2,2-
trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-
,dimethyl ester
Phosphonothioicacid, methyl-,
O-ethyl O-(4-
(methylthio)phenyl) ester
Phosphonothioicacid, methyl-,
S-(2-(bis(1-
methylethyl)amino)ethyl) O-
ethyl ester
Phosphonothioicacid, methyl-,
O-(4-nitrophenyl) O-phenyl
ester
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid, 2-chloro-1-
(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl) ethenyl
dimethyl ester
Phosphoric acid, 2-
dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester
Phosphoric acid, dimethyl 4-
(methylthio) phenyl ester
Phosphorodithioic acid O-ethyl
S,S-dipropyl ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-
diethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-
dimethyl-5-(2-
(methylthio)ethyl)ester
Phosphorous trichloride
Phosphorus
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus trichloride
Phosphoryl chloride
Phthalate Esters
Phthalic anhydride
Physostigmine
Physostigmine, salicylate (1:1)
Picloram
2-Picoline
Picric acid
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
90-43-7
2097-19-0
103-85-5
57-41-0
298-02-2
4104-14-7
947-02-4
75-44-5
732-11-6
13171-21-6
7803-51-2
52-68-6
2703-13-1
50782-69-9
2665-30-7
7664-38-2
961-11-5
62-73-7
3254-63-5
13194-48-4
56-38-2
2587-90-8
7719-12-2
7723-14-0
7723-14-0
10025-87-3
10026-13-8
7719-12-2
10025-87-3
0
85-44-9
57-47-6
57-64-7
1918-02-1
109-06-8
88-89-1
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
100/10,000
10
100/10,000
100/10,000
10
10/10,000
100
500
500
100
500
1,000
500
1,000
100
500
1,000
100
100
500
500
1,000
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
10
100
100
10
10
100
100
500
100
500
10
500
1,000
10
500
1,000
1
1
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1*
1*
CERCLA
RQ
100
10
10
100
100
5,000
10
10
1,000
1
1
1,000
1,000
1,000
***
5,000
1*
1*
5,000
Section
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
313
X
313
RCRA
CODE
P093
P094
P095
P096
P089
U190
P204
P188
U191
CAA
112(r)
TO
500
5,000
15,000
5,000
15,000
5,000
A-32
-------
NAME
Picrotoxin
N,N'-(1,4-
Piperazinediylbis(2,2,2-
trichloroethylidene))
bisformamide
Piperidine
Piperonyl butoxide
Pirimifos-ethyl
Pirimiphos methyl
Plumbane, tetramethyl-
Polybrominated Biphenyls
(PBBs)
Polychlorinated alkanes (C10
toC13)
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polycyclic aromatic
compounds (includes only 19
chemicals)
Polycyclic organic matter
Polymeric diphenylmethane
diisocyanate
Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Potassium arsenate
Potassium arsenite
Potassium bichromate
Potassium bromate
Potassium chromate
Potassium cyanide
Potassium
dimethyldithiocarbamate
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium N-
methyldithiocarbamate
Potassium permanganate
Potassium silver cyanide
Profenofos
Promecarb
Prometryn
Pronamide
Propachlor
1,2-Propadiene
Propadiene
2-Propanamine
Propane
Propane, 2-chloro-
Propane 1 ,2-dichloro-
Propane, 2,2-dimethyl-
Propane, 2-methyl
Propanenitrile
Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-
1,3-Propane sultone
Propane sultone
Propanil
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
124-87-8
26644-46-2
110-89-4
51-03-6
23505-41-1
29232-93-7
75-74-1
N575
N583
1336-36-3
N590
0
9016-87-9
0
7784-41-0
10124-50-2
7778-50-9
7758-01-2
7789-00-6
151-50-8
128-03-0
1310-58-3
137-41-7
7722-64-7
506-61-6
41198-08-7
2631-37-0
7287-19-6
23950-58-5
1918-16-7
463-49-0
463-49-0
75-31-0
74-98-6
75-29-6
78-87-5
463-82-1
75-28-5
107-12-0
78-82-0
1120-71-4
1120-71-4
709-98-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
1,000
1,000
100
500/10,000
100
500
500/10,000
500
1,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
1,000
1,000
100
1
10
1
1*
10
1,000
CERCLA
RQ
1
***
***
1
1
10
10
10
1,000
100
1
1*
5,000
1,000
10
10
10
Section
313
X
313
313
313
313
31 3A
31 3A
31 3#
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
313
X
X
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P098
P099
P201
U192
U083
P101
U193
U193
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
A-33
-------
NAME
Propargite
Propargyl alcohol
Propargyl bromide
2-Propenal
2-Propen-1-amine
Propene
1-Propene
1 -Propene, 1-chloro-
1 -Propene, 2-chloro-
1 -Propene, 2-methyl-
2-Propenenitrile
2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-
2-Propen-1-ol
2-Propenoyl chloride
Propetamphos
Propham
Propiconazole
beta-Propiolactone
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionic anhydride
Propionitrile
Propionitrile, 3-chloro-
Propiophenone, 4'-amino
Propoxur
n-Propylamine
Propyl chloroformate
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
1-Propyne
Propyne
Prothoate
Pyrene
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrins
Pyridine
Pyridine, 4-amino-
Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-
pyrrolidinyl)-,(S)-
Pyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinyl-
Pyridine, 4-nitro-, 1 -oxide
2,4-(1 H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione,
5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(1 -
methylpropyl), lithium salt
Pyriminil
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozene
Quizalofop-ethyl
Reserpine
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
2312-35-8
107-19-7
106-96-7
107-02-8
107-11-9
115-07-1
115-07-1
590-21-6
557-98-2
115-11-7
107-13-1
126-98-7
107-18-6
814-68-6
31218-83-4
122-42-9
60207-90-1
57-57-8
123-38-6
79-09-4
123-62-6
107-12-0
542-76-7
70-69-9
114-26-1
107-10-8
109-61-5
115-07-1
75-55-8
75-56-9
74-99-7
74-99-7
2275-18-5
129-00-0
121-21-1
121-29-9
8003-34-7
110-86-1
504-24-5
54-11-5
140-76-1
1124-33-0
53404-19-6
53558-25-1
91-22-5
106-51-4
82-68-8
76578-14-8
50-55-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10
500
500
10,000
500
1,000
100
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
500
10,000
10,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
100
500
500/10,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
1
500
100
1,000
100
100
10
10
1,000
100
500
1
100
100
5,000
1,000
100
500
500
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
1,000
1
100
1,000
100
1*
10
1,000
5,000
5,000
10
1,000
100
5,000
1
100
5,000
1
1
1
1,000
1,000
100
5,000
10
100
5,000
Section
313
313
313
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
P102
POOS
U009
U152
P005
U373
P101
P027
U411
U194
P067
U196
POOS
P075
U197
U185
U200
CAA
112(r)
TQ
5,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
10,000
15,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-34
-------
NAME
Resmethrin
Resorcinol
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Saccharin and salts
Safrole
Salcomine
Sarin
Selenious acid
Selenious acid, dithallium(1+)
salt
Selenium
Selenium Compounds
Selenium dioxide
Selenium oxychloride
Selenium sulfide
Selenourea
Semicarbazide hydrochloride
Sethoxydim
Silane
Silane, (4-
aminobutyl)diethoxymethyl-
Silane, chlorotrimethyl-
Silane, dichloro-
Silane, dichlorodimethyl-
Silane, tetramethyl-
Silane, trichloro-
Silane, trichloromethyl-
Silver
Silver Compounds
Silver cyanide
Silver nitrate
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
Simazine
Sodium
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium azide (Na(N3))
Sodium bichromate
Sodium bifluoride
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium cacodylate
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide (Na(CN))
Sodium dicamba
Sodium
dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium
dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium fluoroacetate
Sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
10453-86-8
108-46-3
81-07-2
81-07-2
94-59-7
14167-18-1
107-44-8
7783-00-8
12039-52-0
7782-49-2
N725
7446-08-4
7791-23-3
7488-56-4
630-10-4
563-41-7
74051-80-2
7803-62-5
3037-72-7
75-77-4
4109-96-0
75-78-5
75-76-3
10025-78-2
75-79-6
7440-22-4
N740
506-64-9
7761-88-8
93-72-1
122-34-9
7440-23-5
7631-89-2
7784-46-5
26628-22-8
10588-01-9
1333-83-1
7631-90-5
124-65-2
7775-11-3
143-33-9
1982-69-0
128-04-1
25155-30-0
7681-49-4
62-74-8
16721-80-5
1310-73-2
7681-52-9
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
10
1,000/10,000
500
1,000/10,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000/10,000
500/10,000
500
100/10,000
100
10/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
10
10
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1
1
1,000
100
10
10
CERCLA
RQ
5,000
100
100
100
10
1,000
100
***
10
10
1,000
1,000
***
1
1
100
10
1
1
1,000
10
100
5,000
10
10
1,000
1,000
10
5,000
1,000
100
Section
313
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U201
U202
U202
U203
U204
P114
U205
P103
P104
P105
P106
P058
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
A-35
-------
NAME
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium methylate
Sodium methyldithiocarbamate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium pentachlorophenate
Sodium o-phenylphenoxide
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium selenate
Sodium selenite
Sodium selenite
Sodium tellurite
Stannane, acetoxytriphenyl-
Streptozotocin
Strontium chromate
Strychnine
Strychnine and salts
Strychnine, and salts
Strychnine, sulfate
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Sulfotep
Sulfoxide, 3-chloropropyl octyl
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous)
Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (aerosol forms
only)
Sulfuric acid (fuming)
Sulfuric acid, mixture with
sulfur trioxide
Sulfur monochloride
Sulfur phosphide
Sulfurtetrafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfuryl fluoride
Sulprofos
2,4,5-T acid
2,4, 5-T amines
2,4,5-T amines
2,4,5-T amines
2,4,5-T amines
2,4,5-T amines
2,4,5-T esters
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
10022-70-5
124-41-4
137-42-8
7632-00-0
131-52-2
132-27-4
7558-79-4
10039-32-4
10140-65-5
7601-54-9
7758-29-4
7785-84-4
10101-89-0
10124-56-8
10361-89-4
13410-01-0
7782-82-3
10102-18-8
10102-20-2
900-95-8
18883-66-4
7789-06-2
57-24-9
N746
57-24-9
60-41-3
100-42-5
96-09-3
3689-24-5
3569-57-1
7446-09-5
7446-09-5
7783-60-0
7664-93-9
7664-93-9
8014-95-7
8014-95-7
12771-08-3
1314-80-3
7783-60-0
7446-11-9
2699-79-8
35400-43-2
93-76-5
1319-72-8
2008-46-0
3813-14-7
6369-96-6
6369-97-7
93-79-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
500
500
500
500
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
500
500
10
10
100
500
500
500
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
1
10
10
10
10
1,000
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
100
1,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
Section
313
X
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U206
P108
P108
P109
U189
CAA
112(r)
TQ
5,000
2,500
10,000
10,000
2,500
10,000
A-36
-------
NAME
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4, 5-T esters
2,4,5-T salts
Tabun
Tebuthiuron
Tellurium hexafluoride
Temephos
TEPP
Terbacil
Terbufos
Tetrabromobisphenol A
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzofuran
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD)
1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-
fluoroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-
fluoroethane
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Tetrachlorvinphos
Tetracycline hydrochloride
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
Tetraethyl lead
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Tetraethyltin
Tetrafluoroethylene
Tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(1 H)-
pyrimidinone(3-(4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(2-(4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethenyl)
-2-propenylidene)hydrazone
Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-
1 ,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione
Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-
1 ,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione,
ion(1-), sodium
Tetramethrin
2,2,3,3-
Tetramethylcyclopropane
carboxylic acid cyano(3-
phenoxyphenyr)methyl ester
Tetramethyllead
Tetramethylsilane
Tetranitromethane
Thallic oxide
Thallium
Thallium(l) acetate
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
1928-47-8
2545-59-7
25168-15-4
61792-07-2
13560-99-1
77-81-6
34014-18-1
7783-80-4
3383-96-8
107-49-3
5902-51-2
13071-79-9
79-94-7
95-94-3
51207-31-9
1746-01-6
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
354-14-3
354-11-0
58-90-2
961-11-5
64-75-5
3689-24-5
78-00-2
107-49-3
597-64-8
116-14-3
67485-29-4
533-74-4
53404-60-7
7696-12-0
39515-41-8
75-74-1
75-76-3
509-14-8
1314-32-5
7440-28-0
563-68-8
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
10
100
100
100
500
100
100
100
100
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
10
100
10
100
100
10
10
100
100
10
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10
5,000
1
100
100
100
10
100
10
10
10
100
1,000
100
Section
313
313
313
313
31 3A
313!A
313!A
313
313
313
313
313
31 3c
313
313
31 3c
X
X
X
313
X
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
P111
U207
U208
U209
U210
P109
P110
P111
P112
P113
U214
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-37
-------
NAME
Thallium(l) carbonate
Thallium chloride TICI
Thallium Compounds
Thallium(l) nitrate
Thallium sulfate
Thallium(l) sulfate
Thallous carbonate
Thallous chloride
Thallous malonate
Thallous sulfate
Thiabendazole
2-(4-Thiazolyl)-1H-
benzimidazole
Thioacetamide
Thiobencarb
Thiocarbazide
Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Thiodicarb
Thiofanox
Thiomethanol
Thionazin
Thiophanate ethyl
Thiophanate-methyl
Thiophenol
Thiosemicarbazide
Thiourea
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)-
Thiourea, (2-methylphenyl)-
Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyl-
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium chloride (TICI4) (T-4)-
Titanium tetrachloride
o-Tolidine
o-Tolidine dihydrochloride
o-Tolidine dihydrofluoride
Toluene
Toluenediamine
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluenediisocyanate (mixed
isomers)
Toluene diisocyanate
(unspecified isomer)
o-Toluidine
p-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toxaphene
2,4,5-TP esters
Triadimefon
Triallate
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
6533-73-9
7791-12-0
N760
10102-45-1
10031-59-1
7446-18-6
6533-73-9
7791-12-0
2757-18-8
7446-18-6
148-79-8
148-79-8
62-55-5
28249-77-6
2231-57-4
556-64-9
139-65-1
59669-26-0
39196-18-4
74-93-1
297-97-2
23564-06-9
23564-05-8
108-98-5
79-19-6
62-56-6
5344-82-1
614-78-8
86-88-4
137-26-8
1314-20-1
7550-45-0
7550-45-0
119-93-7
612-82-8
41766-75-0
108-88-3
25376-45-8
584-84-9
91-08-7
26471-62-5
26471-62-5
95-53-4
106-49-0
636-21-5
8001-35-2
32534-95-5
43121-43-3
2303-17-5
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
1,000/10,000
10,000
100/10,000
500
500
500
100/10,000
100/10,000
500/10,000
500/10,000
100
100
500
100
500/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
10,000
100
100
100
100
100
100
500
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
1
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
***
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
1*
100
100
100
1*
100
100
10
100
100
10
1,000
1,000
10
1,000
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
100
1*
Section
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
X
X
313
X
313
313
313
X
313
313
31 3A
313
313
RCRA
CODE
U215
U216
U217
P115
U215
U216
P115
U218
U410
P045
U153
P040
U409
P014
P116
U219
P026
P072
U244
U095
U220
U221
U223
U223
U328
U353
U222
P123
U389
CAA
112(r)
TQ
20,000
10,000
2,500
2,500
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-38
-------
NAME
Triamiphos
Triaziquone
Triazofos
Tribenuron methyl
Tribromomethane
Tributyltin fluoride
Tributyltin methacrylate
S,S,S-Tributyltrithiophosphate
Trichlorfon
Trichloroacetyl chloride
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloro(chloromethyl)silane
Trichloro(dichlorophenyl)silane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylsilane
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromethanesulfenyl
chloride
Trichloromonofluoromethane
Trichloronate
Trichlorophenol
2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
2,3,5-Trichlorophenol
2,3,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
3,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenylsilane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
Trichlorosilane
Triclopyrtriethylammonium salt
Triethanolamine
dodecylbenzene sulfonate
Triethoxysilane
Triethylamine
Trifluorochloroethylene
2-(4-((5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-
pyridinyl)oxy)-
phenoxy)propanoicacid, butyl
ester
Trifluralin
Triforine
Trimethylamine
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Trimethylchlorosilane
2,2,4-Trimethylhexamethylene
diisocyanate
2,4,4-Trimethylhexamethylene
diisocyanate
Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
1031-47-6
68-76-8
24017-47-8
101200-48-0
75-25-2
1983-10-4
2155-70-6
78-48-8
52-68-6
76-02-8
120-82-1
1558-25-4
27137-85-5
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
115-21-9
75-69-4
594-42-3
75-69-4
327-98-0
25167-82-2
15950-66-0
933-78-8
933-75-5
95-95-4
88-06-2
609-19-8
98-13-5
96-18-4
10025-78-2
57213-69-1
27323-41-7
998-30-1
121-44-8
79-38-9
69806-50-4
1582-09-8
26644-46-2
75-50-3
95-63-6
75-77-4
16938-22-0
15646-96-5
824-11-3
540-84-1
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500
500
100
500
500
500
500
500
500
1,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
500
100
500
500
100
500
500
500
1,000
100
CERCLA
RQ
100
100
100
1,000
100
100
5,000
100
5,000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1,000
5,000
10
100
1,000
Section
313
313
313
X
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
313
X
X
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
313
313
313
313
X
31 3A
313
313
31 3#
31 3#
RCRA
CODE
U225
U226
U227
U228
U121
U121
U404
CAA
112(r)
TQ
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-39
-------
NAME
2,3,5-Trimethylphenyl
methylcarbamate
Trimethyltin chloride
1 ,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
Triphenyltin chloride
Triphenyltin hydroxide
Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)
phosphate
Tris(dimethylcarbamodithioato-
S,S')ir°n
Trypan blue
Uracil mustard
Uranyl acetate
Uranyl nitrate
Uranyl nitrate
Urea, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
Urethane
Valinomycin
Vandium (except when
contained in an alloy)
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadyl sulfate
Vandium Compounds
Vikane
Vinclozolin
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate monomer
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl ethyl ether
Vinyl fluoride
Vinylidene chloride
Vinylidene fluoride
Vinyl methyl ether
Warfarin
Warfarin and salts
Warfarin, & salts, conc>0.3%
Warfarin sodium
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Xylenol
2,6-Xylidine
Xylylene dichloride
Zinc
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc acetate
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc ammonium chloride
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
2655-15-4
1066-45-1
99-35-4
639-58-7
76-87-9
555-77-1
126-72-7
14484-64-1
72-57-1
66-75-1
541-09-3
10102-06-4
36478-76-9
2164-17-2
51-79-6
2001-95-8
7440-62-2
1314-62-1
27774-13-6
N770
2699-79-8
50471-44-8
108-05-4
108-05-4
689-97-4
593-60-2
75-01-4
109-92-2
75-02-5
75-35-4
75-38-7
107-25-5
81-81-2
N874
81-81-2
129-06-6
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
1330-20-7
1300-71-6
87-62-7
28347-13-9
7440-66-6
7440-66-6
557-34-6
14639-97-5
14639-98-6
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
500/10,000
500/10,000
100
1,000/10,000
100/10,000
1,000
1,000
500/10,000
100/10,000
100/10,000
Section
304 EHS
RQ
500
500
100
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
10
10
10
10
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
100
1
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
100
100
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Section
313
313
313
313
313
X
313
X
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
313
X
313
313
X
313
313
313
X313c
313
X313c
31 3c
313
313
313
313
313
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
RCRA
CODE
U234
U235
U236
U237
U238
P120
U043
U078
P001
P001
U239
U239
U239
U239
CAA
112(r)
TQ
15,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
A-40
-------
NAME
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc bo rate
Zinc bromide
Zinc carbonate
Zinc chloride
Zinc Compounds
Zinc cyanide
Zinc, dichloro(4,4-dimethyl-
5((((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)
imino)pentanenitrile)-, (T-4)-
Zinc fluoride
Zinc formate
Zinc hydrosulfite
Zinc nitrate
Zinc phenolsulfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc phosphide (cone. <= 10%)
Zinc phosphide (cone. > 10%)
Zinc silicofluoride
Zinc sulfate
Zineb
Ziram
Zirconium nitrate
Zirconium potassium fluoride
Zirconium sulfate
Zirconium tetrachloride
CAS/ 31 3
Category Codes
52628-25-8
1332-07-6
7699-45-8
3486-35-9
7646-85-7
N982
557-21-1
58270-08-9
7783-49-5
557-41-5
7779-86-4
7779-88-6
127-82-2
1314-84-7
1314-84-7
1314-84-7
16871-71-9
7733-02-0
12122-67-7
137-30-4
13746-89-9
16923-95-8
14644-61-2
10026-11-6
Section 302
(EHS) TPQ
100/10,000
500
500
500
Section
304 EHS
RQ
100
100
100
100
CERCLA
RQ
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
***
10
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
100
100
100
5,000
1,000
1*
5,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
Section
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
31 3c
313
RCRA
CODE
P121
P122
U249
P122
P205
CAA
112(r)
TQ
A-41
-------
A-42
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Radionuclides (unlisted)
Actinium-224
Actinium-225
Actinium-226
Actinium-227
Actinium-228
Aluminum-026
Americium-237
Americium-238
Americium-239
Americium-240
Americium-241
Americium-242
Americium-242m
Americium-243
Americium-244
Americium-244m
Americium-245
Americium-246
Americium-246m
Antimony-115
Antimony-116
Antimony-116m
Antimony-117
Antimony-118m
Antimony-119
Antimony-120 (16 min)
Antimony-120 (5.76 day)
Antimony-122
Antimony-124
Antimony-124m
Antimony-125
Antimony-126
Antimony-126m
Antimony-127
Antimony-128 (10.4 min)
Antimony-128 (9.01 hours)
Antimony-129
Antimony-130
Antimony-131
Argon-039
Argon-041
Arsenic-069
Arsenic-070
Arsenic-071
Arsenic-072
Arsenic-073
Arsenic-074
Arsenic-076
Arsenic-077
Arsenic-078
Astatine-207
Astatine-211
Barium-126
Atomic
Number
89
89
89
89
89
13
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
18
18
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
85
85
56
RQ
(curies)
1
100
1
10
0.001
10
10
1000
100
100
10
0.01
100
0.01
0.01
10
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
1000
10
1000
1000
10
10
10
1000
10
10
1000
10
1000
10
100
100
1000
1000
10
1000
100
100
10
100
10
100
1000
100
100
100
1000
Radionuclide Name
Barium-128
Barium-131
Barium-131m
Barium-133
Barium- 13 3m
Barium- 13 5m
Barium-139
Barium- 140
Barium-141
Barium- 142
Berkelium-245
Berkelium-246
Berkelium-247
Berkelium-249
Berkelium-250
Beryllium-007
Beryllium-010
Bismuth-200
Bismuth-201
Bismuth-202
Bismuth-203
Bismuth-205
Bismuth-206
Bismuth-207
Bismuth-210
Bismuth-210m
Bismuth-212
Bismuth-213
Bismuth-214
Bromine-074
Bromine-074m
Bromine-075
Bromine-076
Bromine-077
Bromine-080
Bromine-080m
Bromine-082
Bromine-083
Bromine-084
Cadmium- 104
Cadmium- 107
Cadmium-109
Cadmium-113
Cadmium- 11 3m
Cadmium-115
Cadmium- 11 5m
Cadmium-117
Cadmium- 11 7m
Calcium-041
Calcium-045
Calcium-047
Califomium-244
Califomium-246
Califomium-248
Atomic
Number
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
97
97
97
97
97
4
4
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
20
20
20
98
98
98
RQ
(curies)
10
10
1000
10
100
1000
1000
10
1000
1000
100
10
0.01
1
100
100
1
100
100
1000
10
10
10
10
10
0.1
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
100
1000
1000
10
1000
100
1000
1000
1
0.1
0.1
100
10
100
10
10
10
10
1000
10
0.1
B-l
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Californium-249
Californium-2 5 0
Californium-251
Californium-252
Californium-253
Californium-254
Carbon-Oil
Carbon-014
Cerium-134
Cerium-135
Cerium-137
Cerium-137m
Cerium-139
Cerium-141
Cerium-143
Cerium-144
Cesium-125
Cesium-127
Cesium-129
Cesium-130
Cesium-131
Cesium-132
Cesium-134
Cesium-134m
Cesium-135
Cesium-13 5m
Cesium-136
Cesium-137
Cesium-138
Chlorine-036
Chlorine-038
Chlorine-039
Chromium-048
Chromium-049
Chromium-051
Cobalt-055
Cobalt-056
Cobalt-057
Cobalt-058
Cobalt-058m
Cobalt-060
Cobalt-060m
Cobalt-061
Cobalt-062m
Copper-060
Copper-061
Copper-064
Copper-067
Curium-238
Curium-240
Curium-241
Curium-242
Curium-243
Curium-244
Atomic
Number
98
98
98
98
98
98
6
6
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
17
17
17
24
24
24
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
29
29
29
29
96
96
96
96
96
96
RQ
(curies)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
0.1
1000
10
10
10
1000
100
100
10
100
1
1000
100
100
1000
1000
10
1
1000
10
100
10
1
100
10
100
100
100
1000
1000
10
10
100
10
1000
10
1000
1000
1000
100
100
1000
100
1000
1
10
1
0.01
0.01
Radionuclide Name
Curium-245
Curium-246
Curium-247
Curium-248
Curium-249
Dysprosium-155
Dysprosium-157
Dysprosium-159
Dysprosium-165
Dysprosium-166
Einsteinium-2 5 0
Einsteinium-251
Einsteinium-2 5 3
Einsteinium-254
Einsteinium-254m
Erbium-161
Erbium-165
Erbium-169
Erbium-171
Erbium-172
Europium-145
Europium-146
Europium-147
Europium-148
Europium-149
Europium-150 (12.6 hours)
Europium-150 (34.2 yr)
Europium-152
Europium-152m
Europium-154
Europium-155
Europium-156
Europium-157
Europium-158
Fermium-252
Fermium-253
Fermium-254
Fermium-255
Fermium-257
Fluorine-018
Francium-222
Francium-223
Gadolinium-145
Gadolinium-146
Gadolinium-147
Gadolinium-148
Gadolinium-149
Gadolinium-151
Gadolinium-152
Gadolinium-153
Gadolinium-159
Gallium-065
Gallium-066
Gallium-067
Atomic
Number
96
96
96
96
96
66
66
66
66
66
99
99
99
99
99
68
68
68
68
68
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
100
100
100
100
100
9
87
87
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
31
31
31
RQ
(curies)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.001
1000
100
100
100
1000
10
10
1000
10
0.1
1
100
1000
100
100
10
10
10
10
10
100
1000
10
10
100
10
10
10
10
1000
10
10
100
100
1
1000
100
100
100
10
10
0.001
100
100
0.001
10
1000
1000
10
100
B-2
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Gallium-068
Gallium-070
Gallium-072
Gallium-073
Germanium-066
Germanium-067
Gennanium-068
Gennanium-069
Gennanium-071
Germanium-075
Gennanium-077
Gennanium-078
Gold-193
Gold-194
Gold-195
Gold-198
Gold-198m
Gold-199
Gold-200
Gold-200m
Gold-201
Hafnium-170
Hafnium-172
Hafnium-173
Hafnium-175
Hafnium-177m
Hafnium-178m
Hafnium-179m
Hafnium-180m
Hafnium-181
Hafnium-182
Hafnium-182m
Hafnium-183
Hafnium-184
Holmium-155
Holmium-157
Holmium-159
Holmium-161
Holmium-162
Holmium-162m
Holmium-164
Holmium-164m
Holmium-166
Holmium-166m
Holmium-167
Hydrogen-003
Indium-109
Indium-110(4.9hours)
Indium-110(69.1 min)
Indium-Ill
Indium-112
Indium-113m
Indium-114m
Indium-115
Atomic
Number
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
1
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
RQ
(curies)
1000
1000
10
100
100
1000
10
10
1000
1000
10
1000
100
10
100
100
10
100
1000
10
1000
100
1
100
100
1000
0.1
100
100
10
0.1
100
100
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
1
100
100
100
10
100
100
1000
1000
10
0.1
Radionuclide Name
Indium- 11 5m
Indium- 11 6m
Indium-117
Indium- 11 7m
Indium- 11 9m
Iodine- 120
Iodine- 120m
Iodine-121
Iodine-123
Iodine- 124
Iodine-125
Iodine- 126
Iodine-128
Iodine-129
Iodine- 130
Iodine-131
Iodine- 132
Iodine- 132m
Iodine- 133
Iodine- 134
Iodine- 135
Iridium-182
Iridium-184
Iridium-185
Iridium-186
Iridium-187
Iridium-188
Iridium-189
Iridium-190
Iridium-190m
Iridium-192
Iridium-192m
Iridium-194
Iridium-194m
Iridium-195
Iridium-195m
Iron-052
Iron-055
Iron-059
Iron-060
Krypton-074
Krypton-076
Krypton-077
Krypton-079
Krypton-081
Krypton-083m
Krypton-085
Krypton-085m
Krypton-087
Krypton-088
Lanthanum-131
Lanthanum- 132
Lanthanum- 135
Lanthanum- 137
Atomic
Number
49
49
49
49
49
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
26
26
26
26
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
57
57
57
57
RQ
(curies)
100
100
1000
100
1000
10
100
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.01
1000
0.001
1
0.01
10
10
0.1
100
10
1000
100
100
10
100
10
100
10
1000
10
100
100
10
1000
100
100
100
10
0.1
10
10
10
100
1000
1000
1000
100
10
10
1000
100
1000
10
B-3
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Lanthanum-138
Lanthanum-140
Lanthanum-141
Lanthanum-142
Lanthanum-143
Lead-195m
Lead-198
Lead-199
Lead-200
Lead-201
Lead-202
Lead-202m
Lead-203
Lead-205
Lead-209
Lead-210
Lead-211
Lead-212
Lead-214
Lutetium-169
Lutetium-170
Lutetium-171
Lutetium-172
Lutetium-173
Lutetium-174
Lutetium-174m
Lutetium-176
Lutetium-176m
Lutetium-177
Lutetium-177m
Lutetium-178
Lutetium-178m
Lutetium-179
Magnesium-02 8
Manganese-051
Manganese-052
Manganese-052m
Manganese-053
Manganese-054
Manganese-056
Mendele vium-2 5 7
Mendele vium-2 5 8
Mercury-193
Mercury-193m
Mercury-194
Mercury-195
Mercury-195m
Mercury-197
Mercury-197m
Mercury-19 9m
Mercury-203
Molybdenum-090
Molybdenum-093
Molybdenum-093m
Atomic
Number
57
57
57
57
57
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
12
25
25
25
25
25
25
101
101
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
42
42
42
RQ
(curies)
1
10
1000
100
1000
1000
100
100
100
100
1
10
100
100
1000
0.01
100
10
100
10
10
10
10
100
10
10
1
1000
100
10
1000
1000
1000
10
1000
10
1000
1000
10
100
100
1
100
10
0.1
100
100
1000
1000
1000
10
100
100
10
Radionuclide Name
Molybdenum-099
Molybdenum-101
Neodymium-136
Neodymium-138
Neodymium-139
Neodymium-13 9m
Neodymium-141
Neodymium-147
Neodymium-149
Neodymium-151
Neptunium-232
Neptunium-2 3 3
Neptunium-234
Neptunium-2 3 5
Neptunium-236 (1.2E 5 yr)
Neptunium-236 (22.5 hours)
Neptunium-2 3 7
Neptunium-2 3 8
Neptunium-2 3 9
Neptunium-240
Nickel-056
Nickel-057
Nickel-059
Nickel-063
Nickel-065
Nickel-066
Niobium-088
Niobium-089 (122 minutes)
Niobium-089 (66 minutes)
Niobium-090
Niobium-093m
Niobium-094
Niobium-095
Niobium-095m
Niobium-096
Niobium-097
Niobium-098
Osmium-180
Osmium-181
Osmium-182
Osmium-185
Osmium-189m
Osmium-191
Osmium-191m
Osmium-193
Osmium-194
Palladium-100
Palladium-101
Palladium-103
Palladium-107
Palladium-109
Phosphorus-032
Phosphorus-033
Platinum-186
Atomic
Number
42
42
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
28
28
28
28
28
28
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
46
46
46
46
46
15
15
78
RQ
(curies)
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
1000
10
100
1000
1000
1000
10
1000
0.1
100
0.01
10
100
100
10
10
100
100
100
10
100
100
100
10
100
10
10
100
10
100
1000
1000
100
100
10
1000
100
1000
100
1
100
100
100
100
1000
0.1
1
100
B-4
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Platinum-188
Platinum-189
Platinum-191
Platinum-193
Platinum-193m
Platinum-195m
Platinum-197
Platinum-197m
Platinum-199
Platinum-200
Plutonium-234
Plutonium-235
Plutonium-236
Plutonium-237
Plutonium-238
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-240
Plutonium-241
Plutonium-242
Plutonium-243
Plutonium-244
Plutonium-245
Polonium-203
Polonium-205
Polonium-207
Polonium-210
Potassium-040
Potassium-042
Potassium-043
Potassium-044
Potassium-045
Praseodymium-136
Praseodymium-137
Praseodymium-138m
Praseodymium-139
Praseodymium-142
Praseodymium-142m
Praseodymium-143
Praseodymium-144
Praseodymium-145
Praseodymium-147
Promethium-141
Promethium-143
Promethium-144
Promethium-145
Promethium-146
Promethium-147
Promethium-148
Promethium- 148m
Promethium-149
Promethium-150
Promethium-151
Protactinium-227
Protactinium-228
Atomic
Number
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
84
84
84
84
19
19
19
19
19
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
91
91
RQ
(curies)
100
100
100
1000
100
100
1000
1000
1000
100
1000
1000
0.1
1000
0.01
0.01
0.01
1
0.01
1000
0.01
100
100
100
10
0.01
1
100
10
100
1000
1000
1000
100
1000
100
1000
10
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
10
100
10
10
10
10
100
100
100
100
10
Radionuclide Name
Protactinium-230
Protactinium-231
Protactinium-232
Protactinium-2 3 3
Protactinium-234
Radium-223
Radium-224
Radium-225
Radium-226
Radium-227
Radium-228
Radon-220
Radon-222
Rhenium-177
Rhenium-178
Rhenium-181
Rhenium-182 (12.7 hours)
Rhenium-182 (64.0 hours)
Rhenium-184
Rhenium-184m
Rhenium-186
Rhenium-186m
Rhenium-187
Rhenium-188
Rhenium-18 8m
Rhenium-189
Rhodium-099
Rhodium-099m
Rhodium-100
Rhodium-101
Rhodium-lOlm
Rhodium-102
Rhodium-102m
Rhodium-103m
Rhodium-105
Rhodium-106m
Rhodium-107
Rubidium-079
Rubidium-081
Rubidium-081m
Rubidium-082m
Rubidium-083
Rubidium-084
Rubidium-086
Rubidium-087
Rubidium-088
Rubidium-089
Ruthenium-094
Ruthenium-097
Ruthenium-103
Ruthenium-105
Ruthenium-106
Samarium-141
Samarium-141m
Atomic
Number
91
91
91
91
91
88
88
88
88
88
88
86
86
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
44
44
44
44
44
62
62
RQ
(curies)
10
0.01
10
100
10
1
10
1
0.1
1000
0.1
0.1
0.1
1000
1000
100
10
10
10
10
100
10
1000
1000
1000
1000
10
100
10
10
100
10
10
1000
100
10
1000
1000
100
1000
10
10
10
10
10
1000
1000
1000
100
10
100
1
1000
1000
B-5
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Samarium-142
Samarium-145
Samarium-146
Samarium-147
Samarium-151
Samarium-153
Samarium-155
Samarium-156
Scandium-043
Scandium-044
Scandium-044m
Scandium-046
Scandium-047
Scandium-048
Scandium-049
Selenium-070
Selenium-073
Selenium-073m
Selenium-075
Selenium-079
Selenium-081
Selenium-081m
Selenium-083
Silicon-031
Silicon-032
Silver-102
Silver-103
Silver-104
Silver-104m
Silver-105
Silver-106
Silver-106m
Silver-108m
Silver-11 Om
Silver-Ill
Silver-112
Silver-115
Sodium-022
Sodium-024
Strontium-080
Strontium-081
Strontium-083
Strontium-085
Strontium-085m
Strontium-087m
Strontium-089
Strontium-090
Strontium-091
Strontium-092
Sulfur-035
Tantalum-172
Tantalum-173
Tantalum-174
Tantalum-175
Atomic
Number
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
14
14
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
11
11
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
16
73
73
73
73
RQ
(curies)
1000
100
0.01
0.01
10
100
1000
100
1000
100
10
10
100
10
1000
1000
10
100
10
10
1000
1000
1000
1000
1
100
1000
1000
1000
10
1000
10
10
10
10
100
1000
10
10
100
1000
100
10
1000
100
10
0.1
10
100
1
100
100
100
100
Radionuclide Name
Tantalum-176
Tantalum-177
Tantalum-178
Tantalum-179
Tantalum-180
Tantalum-180m
Tantalum-182
Tantalum-182m
Tantalum-183
Tantalum-184
Tantalum-185
Tantalum-186
Technetium-093
Technetium-093m
Technetium-094
Technetium-094m
Technetium-096
Technetium-096m
Technetium-097
Technetium-097m
Technetium-098
Technetium-099
Technetium-099m
Technetium-101
Technetium-104
Tellurium-116
Tellurium-121
Tellurium-121m
Tellurium-123
Tellurium-123m
Tellurium-125m
Tellurium-127
Tellurium-127m
Tellurium-129
Tellurium-12 9m
Tellurium-131
Tellurium-131m
Tellurium-132
Tellurium-133
Tellurium-13 3m
Tellurium-134
Terbium-147
Terbium-149
Terbium-150
Terbium-151
Terbium-153
Terbium-154
Terbium-155
Terbium-156
Terbium-156m (24.4 hours)
Terbium-156m (5.0 hours)
Terbium-157
Terbium-158
Terbium-160
Atomic
Number
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
RQ
(curies)
10
1000
1000
1000
100
1000
10
1000
100
10
1000
1000
100
1000
10
100
10
1000
100
100
10
10
100
1000
1000
1000
10
10
10
10
10
1000
10
1000
10
1000
10
10
1000
1000
1000
100
100
100
10
100
10
100
10
1000
1000
100
10
10
B-6
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Radionuclide Name
Terbium-161
Thallium-194
Thallium-194m
Thallium-195
Thallium-197
Thallium-198
Thallium-198m
Thallium-199
Thallium-200
Thallium-201
Thallium-202
Thallium-204
Thorium-226
Thorium-227
Thorium-228
Thorium-229
Thorium-230
Thorium-231
Thorium-232
Thorium-234
Thulium-162
Thulium-166
Thulium-167
Thulium-170
Thulium-171
Thulium-172
Thulium-173
Thulium-175
Tin-110
Tin-Ill
Tin-113
Tin-117m
Tin-119m
Tin-121
Tin-121m
Tin-123
Tin-123m
Tin-125
Tin-126
Tin-127
Tin-128
Titanium-044
Titanium-045
Tungsten-176
Tungsten-177
Tungsten-178
Tungsten-179
Tungsten-181
Tungsten-185
Tungsten-187
Tungsten-188
Uranium-230
Uranium-231
Uranium-232
Atomic
Number
65
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
22
22
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
92
92
92
RQ
(curies)
100
1000
100
100
100
10
100
100
10
1000
10
10
100
1
0.01
0.001
0.01
100
0.001
100
1000
10
100
10
100
100
100
1000
100
1000
10
100
10
1000
10
10
1000
10
1
100
1000
1
1000
1000
100
100
1000
100
10
100
10
1
1000
0.01
Radionuclide Name
Uranium-233
Uranium-234
Uranium-235
Uranium-236
Uranium-237
Uranium-238
Uranium-239
Uranium-240
Vanadium-047
Vanadium-048
Vanadium-049
Xenon- 120
Xenon-121
Xenon- 122
Xenon-123
Xenon- 125
Xenon-127
Xenon-129m
Xenon-131m
Xenon-133
Xenon- 13 3m
Xenon-135
Xenon- 13 5m
Xenon-138
Ytterbium- 162
Ytterbium- 166
Ytterbium- 167
Ytterbium-169
Ytterbium- 175
Ytterbium- 177
Ytterbium- 178
Yttrium-086
Yttrium-086m
Yttrium-087
Yttrium-088
Yttrium-090
Yttrium-090m
Yttrium-091
Yttrium-091m
Yttrium-092
Yttrium-093
Yttrium-094
Yttrium-095
Zinc-062
Zinc-063
Zinc-065
Zinc-069
Zinc-069m
Zinc-071m
Zinc-072
Zirconium-086
Zirconium-088
Zirconium-089
Zirconium-093
Atomic
Number
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
23
23
23
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
RQ
(curies)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
100
0.1
1000
1000
1000
10
1000
100
10
100
10
100
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
10
10
1000
10
1000
10
100
1000
1000
10
1000
10
10
10
100
10
1000
100
100
1000
1000
100
1000
10
1000
100
100
100
100
10
100
1
B-7
-------
RADIONUCLIDES LISTED UNDER CERCLA
FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOT FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
SEE 40 CFR PART 302, TABLE 302.4, APPENDIX B, FOR MORE INFORMATION
Atomic RQ
Radionuclide Name Number (curies)
Zirconium-095 40 10
Zirconium-097 40 10
NOTES: m - Signifies a nuclear isomer which is a radionuclide in a higher energy metastable state relative to the parent isotope.
Final RQs for all radionuclides apply to chemical compounds containing the radionuclides and elemental forms
regardless of the diameter of pieces of solid material.
An adjusted RQ of one curie applies to all radionuclides not otherwise listed. Whenever the RQs in the SARA
Title III Consolidated List and this list are in conflict, the lowest RQ applies.
Notification requirements for releases of mixtures or solutions of radionuclides can be found in 40 CFR section 302.6(b).
B-8
-------
RCRA WASTE STREAMS AND UNLISTED HAZARDOUS WASTES
THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE WASTE STREAMS HAVE BEEN TRUNCATED.
THIS LIST SHOULD BE USED FOR REFERENCE ONLY
COMPLIANCE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND IN 40 CFR PART 302 AND TABLE 302.4
RCRA
CODE
F001
F002
F003
F004
F005
F006
F007
F008
F009
F010
F011
F012
F019
RQ
10
100
100
1,000
1,000
10
5,000
10
100
1,000
100
1,000
100
5,000
100
5,000
100
100
1,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
100
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
100
100
1,000
100
1,000
5,000
100
5,000
1,000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
NAME
The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing:
(a) Tetrachloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4, RCRA Waste No. U210)
(b) Trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6, RCRA Waste No. U228)
(c) Methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2, RCRA Waste No. U080)
(d) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6, RCRA Waste No. U226)
(e) Carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5, RCRA Waste No. U21 1)
(f) Chlorinated fluorocarbons
The following spent halogenated solvents:
(a) Tetrachloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4, RCRA Waste No. U210)
(b) Methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2, RCRA Waste No. U080)
(c) Trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6, RCRA Waste No. U228)
(d) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6, RCRA Waste No. U226)
(e) Chlorobenzene (CAS No. 108-90-7, RCRA Waste No. U037)
(f) 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CAS No. 76-13-1)
(g) o-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 95-50-1 , RCRA Waste No. U070)
(h) Trichlorofluoromethane (CAS No. 75-69-4, RCRA Waste No. U121)
(i) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (CAS No. 79-00-5, RCRA Waste No. U227)
The following spent non-halogenated solvents and still bottoms from recovery:
(a) Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7, RCRA Waste No. U239)
(b) Acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1 , RCRA Waste No. U002)
(c) Ethyl acetate (CAS No. 141-78-6, RCRA Waste No. U112)
(d) Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4)
(e) Ethyl ether (CAS No. 60-29-7, RCRA Waste No. U1 17)
(f) Methyl isobutyl ketone (CAS No. 108-10-1, RCRA Waste No. U161)
(g) n-Butyl alcohol (CAS No. 71-36-3, RCRA Waste No. U031)
(h) Cyclohexanone (CAS No. 108-94-1, RCRA Waste No. U057)
(i) Methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1 , RCRA Waste No. U154)
The following spent non-halogenated solvents and still bottoms from recovery:
(a) Cresols/cresylic acid (CAS No. 1319-77-3, RCRA Waste No. U052)
(b) Nitrobenzene (CAS No. 98-95-3, RCRA Waste No. U169)
The following spent non-halogenated solvents and still bottoms from recovery:
(a) Toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3, RCRA Waste No. U220)
(b) Methyl ethyl ketone (CAS No. 78-93-3, RCRA Waste No. U159)
(c) Carbon disulfide (CAS No. 75-15-0, RCRA Waste No. P022)
(d) Isobutanol (CAS No. 78-83-1, RCRA Waste No. U140)
(e) Pyridine (CAS No. 110-86-1, RCRA Waste No. U196)
Wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating operations (w/some exceptions)
Spent cyanide plating bath solns. from electroplating
Plating bath residues from electroplating where cyanides are used
Spent stripping/cleaning bath solns. from electroplating where cyanides are used
Quenching bath residues from metal heat treating where cyanides are used
Spent cyanide soln. from salt bath pot cleaning from metal heat treating
Quenching wastewater sludges from metal heat treating where cyanides are used
Wastewater treatment sludges from chemical conversion aluminum coating
C-l
-------
F020
F021
F022
F023
F024
F025
F026
F027
F028
F032
F034
F035
F037
F038
F039
K001
K002
K003
K004
K005
K006
K007
K008
K009
K010
K011
K013
K014
K015
K016
K017
K018
K019
K020
K021
K022
K023
K024
K025
K026
K027
K028
K029
K030
K031
K032
K033
K034
K035
K036
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5,000
10
1
10
1
1
1
10
1
5,000
5,000
10
1,000
10
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
1
1
Wastes from prod, or use of tri/tetrachlorophenol or derivative intermediates
Wastes from prod, or use of pentachlorophenol or intermediates for derivatives
Wastes from use of tetra/penta/hexachlorobenzenes under alkaline conditions
Wastes from mat. prod, on equip, previously used fortri\tetrachlorophenol
Wastes from production of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (C1-C5)
Lights ends, filters from prod, of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (C1-C5)
Waste from equipment previously used to prod, tetra/penta/hexachlorobenzenes
Discarded formulations containing tri/tetra/pentachlorophenols or derivatives
Residues from incineration of soil contaminated w/ F020,F021,F022,F023,F026,F027
Wastewaters, process residuals from wood preserving using chlorophenolic solns.
Wastewaters, process residuals from wood preserving using creosote formulations
Wastewaters, process residuals from wood preserving using arsenic or chromium
Petroleum refinery primary oil/water/solids separation sludge
Petroleum refinery secondary (emulsified) oil/water/solids separation sludge
Multisource leachate
Wastewater treatment sludge from creosote/pentachlorophenol wood preserving
Wastewater treatment sludge from prod, of chrome yellow and orange pigments
Wastewater treatment sludge from prod, of molybdate orange pigments
Wastewater treatment sludge from prod, of zinc yellow pigments
Wastewater treatment sludge from prod, of chrome green pigments
Wastewater treatment sludge from prod, of chrome oxide green pigments
Wastewater treatment sludge from prod, of iron blue pigments
Oven residue from prod, of chrome oxide green pigments
Dist. bottoms from prod, of acetaldehyde from ethylene
Dist. side cuts from prod, of acetaldehyde from ethylene
Bottom stream from wastewater stripper in acrylonitrile prod.
Bottom stream from acetonitrile column in acrylonitrile prod.
Bottoms from acetonitrile purification column in acrylonitrile prod.
Still bottoms from the dist. of benzyl chloride
Heavy ends or dist. residues from prod, of carbon tetrachloride
Heavy ends from the purification column in epichlorohydrin prod.
Heavy ends from the fractionation column in ethyl chloride prod.
Heavy ends from the dist. of ethylene dichloride during its prod.
Heavy ends from the dist. of vinyl chloride during prod, of the monomer
Aqueous spent antimony catalyst waste from fluoromethanes prod.
Dist. bottom tars from prod, of phenol/acetone from cumene
Dist. light ends from prod, of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene
Dist. bottoms from prod, of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene
Dist. bottoms from prod, of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene
Stripping still tails from the prod, of methyl ethyl pyridines
Centrifuge/dist. residues from toluene diisocyanate prod.
Spent catalyst from hydrochlorinator reactor in prod, of 1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
Waste from product steam stripper in prod, of 1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
Column bottoms/heavy ends from prod, of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene
By-product salts generated in the prod, of MSMA and cacodylic acid
Wastewater treatment sludge from the prod, of chlordane
Wast ewaster/scrubwater from chlorination of cyclopentadiene in chlordane prod.
Filter solids from filtration of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in chlordane prod.
Wastewater treatment sludges from the prod, of creosote
Still bottoms from toluene reclamation distillation in disulfoton prod.
C-2
-------
K037
K038
K039
K040
K041
K042
K043
K044
K045
K046
K047
K048
K049
K050
K051
K052
K060
K061
K062
K064
K065
K066
K069
K071
K073
K083
K084
K085
K086
K087
K088
K090
K091
K093
K094
K095
K096
K097
K098
K099
K100
K101
K102
K103
K104
K105
K106
K107
K108
K109
1
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
100
1
10
10
100
10
10
10
5,000
5,000
100
100
1
1
10
10
1
1
100
10
10
1
10
10
10
Wastewater treatment sludges from the prod, of disulfoton
Wast ewater from the washing and stripping of phorate production
Filter cake from filtration of diethylphosphorodithioic adid in phorate prod.
Wastewater treatment sludge from the prod, of phorate
Wastewater treatment sludge from the prod, of toxaphene
Heavy ends/residues from dist. of tetrachlorobenzene in 2,4,5-T prod.
2,6-Dichlorophenol waste from the prod, of 2,4-D
Wastewater treatment sludge from manuf. and processing of explosives
Spent carbon from treatment of wastewater containing explosives
Wastewater sludge from manuf. .formulating, loading of lead-based initiating compd
Pink/red water from TNT operations
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) float from the petroleum refining industry
Slop oil emulsion solids from the petroleum refining industry
Heat exchanger bundle cleaning sludge from petroleum refining industry
API separator sludge from the petroleum refining industry
Tank bottoms (leaded) from the petroleum refining industry
Ammonia still lime sludge from coking operations
Emission control dust/sludge from primary prod, of steel in electric furnaces
Spent pickle liquor generated by steel finishing (SIC codes 331 and 332)
Acid plant blowdown slurry/sludge from blowdown slurry from primary copper prod.
Surface impoundment solids at primary lead smelting facilities
Sludge from treatment of wastewater/acid plant blowdown from primary zinc prod.
Emission control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting
Brine purification muds from mercury cell process in chlorine production
Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from diaphragm cell process in chlorine production
Distillation bottoms from aniline extraction
Wastewater sludges from prod, of veterinary pharm. from arsenic compds.
Distillation or fractionation column bottoms in prod, of chlorobenzenes
Wastes/sludges from prod, of inks from chromium and lead-containing substances
Decanter tank tar sludge from coking operations
Spent potliners from primary aluminum reduction
Emission control dust/sludge from ferrochromiumsilicon prod.
Emission control dust/sludge from ferrochromium prod.
Dist. light ends from prod, of phthalic anhydride by ortho-xylene
Dist. bottoms in prod, of phthalic anhydride by ortho-xylene
Distillation bottoms in prod, of 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Heavy ends from dist. column in prod, of 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Vacuum stripper discharge from the chlordane chlorinator in prod, of chlordane
Untreated process wastewater from the prod, of toxaphene
Untreated wastewater from the prod, of 2,4-D
Waste leaching soln from emission control dust/sludge in secondary lead smelting
Dist. tar residue from aniline in prod, of veterinary pharm. from arsenic compd.
Residue from activated carbon in prod, of veterinary pharm. from arsenic compds.
Process residues from aniline extraction from the prod, of aniline
Combined wastewater streams generated from prod, of nitrobenzene/aniline
Aqueous stream from washing in prod, of chlorobenzenes
Wastewater treatment sludge from mercury cell process in chlorine prod.
Column bottoms from separation in prod, of UDMH from carboxylic acid hydrazides
Condensed column overheads and vent gas from prod, of UDMH from -COOH hydrazides
Spent filter catridges from purif. of UDMH prod, from carboxylic acid hydrazides
C-3
-------
K110
K111
K112
K113
K114
K115
K116
K117
K118
K123
K124
K125
K126
K131
K132
K136
K141
K142
K143
K144
K145
K147
K148
K149
K150
K151
K156
K157
K158
K159
K161
K169
K170
K171
K172
K174
K175
D001
D002
D003
D004
D005
D006
D007
D008
D009
D010
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
100
1,000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
10
1
1
1
1
1
100
100
100
1
1,000
10
10
10
1
10
Condensed column overheads from separation in UDMH prod, from -COOH hydrazides
Product washwaters from prod, of dinitrotoluene via nitration of toluene
Reaction by-product water from drying in toluenediamine prod from dinitrotoluene
Condensed liquid light ends from purification of toluenediamine during its prod.
Vicinals from purification of toluenediamine during its prod from dinitrotoluene
Heavy ends from toluenediamine purification during prod, from dinitrotoluene
Organic condensate from solvent recovery system in prod, of toluene diisocyanate
Wastewater from vent gas scrubber in ethylene bromide prod by ethene bromination
Spent absorbent solids in purification of ethylene dibromide in its prod.
Process waterwater from the prod, of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and salts
Reactor vent scubber water from prod of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and salts
Filtration/other solids from prod, of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and salts
Dust/sweepings from the prod, of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and salts
Wastewater and spent sulfuric acid from the prod, of methyl bromide
Spent absorbent and wastewater solids from the prod, of methyl bromide
Still bottoms from ethylene dibromide purif. in prod, by ethene bromination
Process residues from coal tar recovery in coking
Tar storage tank residues from coke prod, from coal or recovery of coke by-prods
Process residues from recovery of light oil in coking
Wastewater residues from light oil refining in coking
Residues from naphthalene collection and recovery from coke by-products
Tar storage tank residues from coal tar refining in coking
Residues from coal tar distillation, including still bottoms, in coking
Distillation bottoms from the prod, of chlorinated toluenes/benzoyl chlorides
Organic residuals from Cl gas and HCI recovery from chlorinated toluene prod.
Wastewater treatment sludge from production of chlorotoluenes/benzoyl chlorides
Organic waste from production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes
Wastewaters from production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes (not sludges)
Bag house dusts & filter/separation solids from prod of carbamates, carb oximes
Organics from treatment of thiocarbamate waste
Purif. solids/bag house dust/sweepings from prod of dithiocarbamate acids/salts
Crude oil storage tank sediment from refining operations
Clarified slurry oil tank sediment of in-line filter/separation solids
Spent hydrotreating catalyst
Spent hydrorefining catalyst
Wastewater treatment sludges from the production of ethylene dichloride or vinyl chloride
monomer (EDC/VCM)
Wastewater treatment sludges from the production vinyl chloride monomer using mercuric
chloride catalyst in an acetlyene-based process
Unlisted hazardous wastes characteristic of ignitability
Unlisted hazardous wastes characteristic of corrosivity
Unlisted hazardous wastes characteristic of reactivity
Unlisted hazardous wastes characteristic of toxicity:
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
C-4
-------
D011
D012
D013
D014
D015
D016
D017
D018
D019
D020
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D031
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
D040
D041
D042
D043
1
1
1
1
1
100
100
10
10
1
100
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
1
10
1
100
5,000
1,000
10
1,000
100
100
10
10
1
Silver
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor (and epoxide)
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl chloride
C-5
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste
and Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-F-96-032
June 1996
Hazardous Waste
Requirements for Large
Quantity Generators
If you are a Large Quantity
Generator (LQG) of hazardous
waste, you must comply with the full
set of federal hazardous waste regula-
tions. You are considered an LQG if
you generate more than 2,200 Ibs
(1,000 kg) of hazardous waste or more
than 2.2 Ibs (1 kg) of acute hazardous
waste per calendar month. To assist
your business in learning about these
requirements, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has prepared
this summary fact sheet. This is only
a summary and does not include all
of the LQG requirements.
For more information, call the
RCRA Hotline at 800 424-9346 or
TDD 800 553-7672 (hearing
impaired). Callers in the Washington,
D.C., metropolitan area may dial
703 412-9810 or TDD 703 412-3323-
Additionally, you can refer to Title 40
of the Code of Federal Regulations Part
262 (40 CFR Part 262) or EPAs
handbook, Understanding Hazardous
Waste Rules: A Handbook for Small
Businesses—1996 Update (EPA docu-
ment number 530-K-95-001), for a
more detailed discussion of some of
these issues. Be sure to check with
your state hazardous waste agency as
well, as some states have additional or
more stringent requirements than the
federal government.
Identifying the Hazardous
Wastes You Generate
40 CFR 262.10 and Part 268
You must determine if any of the
solid wastes you generate are
hazardous so that you will be able to
manage, report, and track them
properly. Hazardous wastes can be:
• Listed wastes. These wastes will
appear on one of four lists pub-
lished in 40 CFR Part 261.
• Characteristic wastes. Certain
wastes are considered hazardous if
they are ignitable, corrosive,
reactive, or toxic.
To determine if your wastes exhibit
a characteristic, you may use EPA-
approved test methods or apply your
knowledge of the waste. If waste is to
be land disposed, you must determine
if your wastes exhibit any characteris-
tics, even if they are listed wastes.
Under the Land Disposal Restrictions
(LDRs), most hazardous wastes may
not be land disposed until they meet
"treatment standards." It is your
responsibility to ensure that your
waste is treated to these standards.
To learn about these requirements,
call the RCRA Hotline or your state
agencies or Regional Office.
> Printed on paper that contains at least 20 percent postconsumer fiber.
-------
Determining Your
Generator Category
40 CFR 262.10[b] and
261.5[b] and [c]
If you are not sure if you are an
LQG, you should measure the
amount of hazardous waste you
generate per calendar month. Be sure
to measure wastes that are:
• Accumulated on site for any time
before disposal or recycling.
• Placed directly into an on-site
treatment or disposal unit.
• Generated as still bottoms or
sludges and removed from
product storage tanks.
Obtaining an EPA
Identification Number
40 CFR 262.12
Identification numbers are required
for persons that generate or man-
age hazardous waste, including small
and large quantity generators, trans-
porters, and treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities. You will need an
EPA identification number for each
site that generates hazardous waste.
To find out where to call to obtain
an identification number, contact the
RCRA Hotline. Once you have con-
tacted the proper authority, you will
be sent EPA Form 8700-12,
Notification of Regulated Waste
Activity. Fill out the form and send it
to the contact listed with the form.
An EPA identification number will
be returned to you for each location.
Preparing Hazardous
Waste for Shipment
Off Site
40 CFR 262.30—262.33
You must package, label, and
mark your waste containers and
placard vehicles that carry the wastes,
following Department of
Transportation (DOT) Hazardous
Materials Transportation Act require-
ments (49 CFR Parts 172, 173, 178,
and 179). Commercial waste han-
dlers can advise you on the proper
procedure, but you remain responsi-
ble for compliance.
For further information, call the
DOT Hazardous Materials
Information Line at 202 366-4488.
Obtaining a Manifest
40 CFR 262.20—262.23,
262.42
A hazardous waste manifest must
accompany all hazardous waste
that is shipped off site. A manifest is
a multipart form designed to track
hazardous waste from the time it
leaves the generation site until it
reaches the TSDF specified on the
manifest. The manifest will help you
to track your waste during shipment
and make sure it arrives at the proper
destination.
You should use the manifest form
from the destination state. If the
destination state does not print the
manifest form, then use one from
the state of origin or another source,
if the state of origin does not print
the manifest. The federal form is the
Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest
(EPA Form 8700-22). The trans-
porter and the permitted facility that
treats or disposes of your waste must
sign the manifest and send a copy
back to you.
-------
Managing Hazardous
Waste On Site
40 CFR 262.34
You may accumulate any quantity
of waste in containers, tanks, drip
pads, and containment buildings for up
to 90 days without a permit, provided
that you meet the technical standards
for the containment unit. LQGs that
meet all technical standards for haz-
ardous waste accumulation also may
treat the waste without obtaining a
RCRA permit. Generators must clearly
mark the date that accumulation begins
on each container storing hazardous
waste so that it is visible for inspection.
LQGs are also responsible for
complying with "preparedness and
prevention" requirements in the event
of emergencies. In addition, you must
prepare a written contingency plan
and train employees on hazardous
waste management and emergency
response.
If your facility accumulates wastes
for more than 90 days, it is consid-
ered a storage facility and must follow
regulations described in 40 CFR Parts
264 and 270, unless you have been
granted an extension by your EPA
Regional Administrator.
Reporting
40 CFR 262.41—262.43
Biennial Reporting
You are responsible for submitting
a Biennial Report to your EPA
Regional Office. Reports submitted
for offsite shipping must include your
EPA identification number, informa-
tion for the transporter and permitted
facility, a description and quantity of
waste, actions you have taken to
reduce the volume and toxicity of the
waste, and the results of those
actions. These reports give EPA a
better understanding of national
hazardous waste generation and
disposal. They can also be used to
promote pollution prevention. Some
states might require you to report
annually.
If you only export hazardous
wastes, you are not required to
submit a Biennial Report. You do,
however, have to submit an annual
report (40 CFR 262.56). Call the
RCRA Hotline for more information.
Exception Reporting
If you do not receive a signed mani-
fest from the final destination of
your hazardous waste:
• After 35 days, you must attempt
to locate the hazardous waste by
contacting the permitted facility.
• After 45 days, you must submit to
your EPA Regional Office an
Exception Report that contains a
copy of the original manifest and
a cover letter describing your
efforts to locate the shipment and
the results of your efforts.
-1368
FLAMMABLE SOI
-------
Recordkeeping
40 CFR 262.40
Be sure to retain the following
records at the facility for at
least 3 years: signed manifests,
biennial and exception reports, test
results, and waste analyses. The
3-year period is automatically
extended during the course of any
unresolved enforcement actions.
Complying with Land
Disposal Restrictions
40 CFR Part 268
Wastes must meet certain treat-
ment standards prior to land
disposal. When you transport your
waste to a treatment facility, you
must send a notice informing the
facility that the waste does not yet
meet treatment standards. The notice
should contain enough information
about the waste and the applicable
standards so that the facility can
make sure that the appropriate stan-
dards are met before disposal. A
certification is required in some
situations. You can contact the RCRA
Hotline, your state agency, or EPA
Regional office for help with notifica-
tion and certification requirements. If
you treat your waste on site, you
must maintain a waste analysis plan.
Export/Import
Requirements
40 CFR Part 262, Subpart E
If you plan to export hazardous
wastes, you will have to notify EPA
60 days before the intended date of
shipment to obtain written consent.
Also, EPAs "Acknowledgement of
Consent" document, which is filled
out by the receiving country, must
accompany the shipment at all times.
Hazardous waste management
facilities receiving waste from a for-
eign source must notify the EPA
Regional office of the shipment at
least four weeks before receiving it.
Importers of hazardous waste must
be U.S. citizens and must certify
that the shipment is in compliance
with all applicable rules under the
Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA). For more information on
TSCA, call EPAs TSCA Assistance
Hotline at 202 554-1404 or TDD
202 554-0551.
&EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW. (5305W)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
-------
diopter 1
Introduction
The purpose of this manual is to help hospitals
start mercury pollution prevention programs or accel-
erate programs that have already begun. New federal
regulations greatly reduce the amount of mercury that
is allowed to be discharged from a municipal wastewa-
tersystemoran incinerator. Byimplementingthebest
management practices described in this manual, you
can reduce the level of mercury in the environment
and avoid the need for increased regulations in the
years to come.
The manual offers general guidance on howto ini-
tiate a program and technical guidance for implement-
ingthe program. The manual includes:
• Information about mercury and its impact on
people and the environment (Chapter 1)
• Overview of pollution prevention strategies
(Chapter 1)
• How to start a mercury pollution prevention
program in your hospital (Chapter 2)
• Howto monitor your program, educate staff
and measure success (Chapter 2)
• Alternatives for mercury-containing products
(Chapters)
• Best management practices for handling,
recycling and disposing of mercury-containing
products still in use (Chapters)
• Contacts for further information, case studies
and other information (Appendices)
Introduction
Background on Mercury
Mercury is a toxic metal that occurs naturally in
the environment. There are both inorganic forms and
organic forms of mercury. Many of the forms of mer-
cury circulate in the environment, moving from land or
water to air and back again, and the forms of mercury
may change from one to another as they circulate.
Human activities significantly redistribute mercury
and release it into the environment. They allow mer-
cury that was formerly unavailable to the biosphere*
to be mobilized and carried to new areas via air and
water. In the water or soil, microorganisms can con-
vert inorganic mercury into a more toxic organic form,
methyl mercury. Fish take in methylmercury from their
diet and from water passing over their gills. They
bioaccumulate the methylmercury in their bodies be-
cause the rate of intake of methylmercury is much
greater than its elimination. Methylmercury
bioaccumulates in the tissues of a fish throughout its
lifetime. It can build up to high levels in predator fish
at the top of the aquatic food chain - levels that are
tens of thousands to millions of times above the level
found in the surrounding water. Fish with high levels
of methylmercury may be caught and consumed by hu-
mans, waterfowl or other wildlife.
* Words in italics are defined in the Glossary
(Appendix Q).
Figure 1. Mercury Transport and Bioaccumulation
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroooieot
-------
diopter 1
Health Impacts of Mercury
'Exposure
All forms of mercury are toxic to hu-
mans, but the various forms of organic
and inorganic mercury have differenttox-
icity. Generally, organic forms are much
more toxic than inorganic forms.
The organic forms of mercury are
primarily neurotoxins. Therefore exposure can dam-
age the brain and nervous system. The developing
brain of a fetus or child is especially vulnerable to or-
ganic mercury exposure. Inorganic forms of mercury
primarily affect the kidney, but are also neurotoxins.
Other organs and systems of the body can be harmed
by exposure to mercury.
A human can be exposed to mercury via all three
routes of exposure: inhalation, ingestion, and dermal.
The most likely routes of exposure are inhalation of
inorganic mercury vapor after a spill or during a manu-
facturing process, or ingestion of methylmercury from
contaminated fish. The fetus of a mother who eats
contaminated fish can be exposed to methylmercury
via the mother's blood, and an infant can be exposed
by ingestion of breast milk. Mercury cannot be removed
from fish before they are eaten because methylmer-
cury accumulates in the muscle, not the fat. Most of
the states in the U.S., including New York State, issue
cautionary advisories about eating the fish caught in
some of their waterways because of the presence of
mercury. These advisories represent conservative
measures to protect human health.
Mercury in Medical Facilities
The following lists show some of the common uses
of mercury that may be found in hospitals.
Medical uses:
• Thermometers
• Sphygmomanometers (blood pressure moni-
tors)
• Esophageal dilators (also called bougie tubes)
• Cantor tubes and Miller Abbott tubes (used to
clear intestinal obstructions)
• Feeding tubes
• Dental amalgam
• Laboratory chemicals (fixatives, stains, re-
agents, preservatives)
• Medical batteries
Nonmedical uses cnmmnn In medical settings:
• Cleaning solutions with caustic soda or chlo-
rine that were contaminated with mercury
during the production process
• Batteries
• Fluorescent lamps and high-intensity lamps
• Non-electronic thermostats
• Pressure gauges
• Some electrical switches used for lights and
appliances
More complete lists can be found in Appendix A
and Appendix B. There is minimal risk of mercury ex-
posure during normal use of products that a re hand led
correctly. However, problems may occur if the mer-
cury in a product is exposed to air, or if a product is not
properly discarded so as to keep mercury out of the
environment.
Mercury Pollution Preuention
Concerns about the health impacts of mercury a re
leading to mercury pollution prevention programs at
the federal, state and local levels. The highest priority
of any pollution prevention program is source reduc-
tion, which means not using mercury in the first place.
For example, some states have banned the deliberate
use of mercury in certain products for which alterna-
tives are available.
When adequate mercury alternatives are not avail-
able and mercury must be used, it maybe possible to
recycle it. Recycling is the second priority of mercury
pollution prevention. Disposal of mercury should be
the last resort. It is expensive and increases the po-
tential of mercury being dispersed into the environ-
ment.
Pollution prevention programs are driven by vol-
untary efforts and by increasingly strict federal and
state regulations. Some of the regulations govern oc-
cupational exposures and waste disposal. Other regu-
lations result from the federal Clean Air Act Amend-
ments of 1990. The 1995 federal Great Lakes Water
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
diopter 1
Quality Guidance (also referred to as the Great Lakes
Initiative) sets strict water quality standards for mer-
cury in the eight Great Lakes States. (For contacts for
regulatory information, see Appendix C.)
Best Management Practices (BMPs) for the man-
agement of mercury within hospitals might involve:
• Use of alternatives for products that contain
mercury
• Recycling of mercury-containing products
when they can no longer be used
• Correct handling and disposal of mercury,
mercury-containing equipment and laboratory
chemicals
• Proper cleanup of spills involving mercury
• Hospital policies that support BMPs
The BMPs are intended to result in the greatest
reduction in mercury discharge to the environment that
is currently feasible for hospitals.
Benefits nf Mercury Pollution Preuention
Mercury pollution prevention in the hospital pro-
vides many benefits:
• Protection of human health and wildlife by
reducing occupational exposures and releases
of mercury to the air, water and land from
wastewater discharges, spills, landfilling or
incineration
• Avoidance of the costs associated with the use
of mercury, such as disposal or recycling,
collection and storage prior to disposal, paper
work for tracking hazardous waste disposal,
training and equipment for spill response,
training for hospital employees who handle
mercury-containing products, and liability for
environmental problems or worker exposure
• Avoidance of increased regulation in the future
• Increase in the public's awareness about the
dangers of mercury through publicity about the
hospital's program
• Enhancement of the positive public image of
the medical facility due to publicity about
success stories
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
-------
Chapter 2
ID Establish Mercury Pollution
Preuention in Your Hospital
Get Started
(See the flow chart on the following page that cor-
responds with this section.)
Get support from the top
Support from the hospital's Chief Executive Officer
(CEO) is one critical factor in ensuringthe success of a
mercury pollution prevention program. A first step
should be to communicate with the CEO on the ben-
efits of such a program and to request support. A par-
tial listing of program benefits to use in communicat-
ing with the CEO is shown in Appendix D. When com-
municating with the CEO, it is important to be clear
how the CEO can help. CEO designation of highly re-
spected, knowledgeable individuals to be responsible
for policy and operational leadership roles is one im-
portant action for the CEO.
Identify and Inuolue staff
The CEO should designate one or more project lead-
ers, including:
• A person to be responsible for developing
mercury pollution prevention policy and con-
firming implementation. The CEO may choose
to accept this role or may designate another
who is familiar with the workings of the entire
hospital and the procedures for approval of
policy.
• A person to be responsible for implementing
the program. This should be a mercury pollu-
tion prevention "champion" who will be enthu-
siastic about the program and will be dedi-
cated to it. He or she may well be the one who
proposed mercury pollution prevention in the
first place and who approached the hospital's
administration about it. The implementor is
often a staff member who is involved in
hazardous waste and medical waste manage-
ment as part of his or her job.
Because mercury appears in so many different
locations in a hospital, it takes a team effort to reduce
or eliminate its use. The project leaders described
above should select a contact from each department
who will helpto build supportforthe program and who
has the authority to make changes in the department.
It may be time-efficient to hold a "kick-off" meeting to
introduce the mercury pollution prevention program.
However, it would not be necessary to hold meetings
as long as the program leaders effectively communi-
cate the objectives of the program to each person who
will be involved, and maintain communication until the
mercury pollution prevention program has reached its
goal.
Staff persons that should be directly involved are
those with the following functions:
Administrator/policy leader
Safety officer
Champion/implementor
Purchasing officer
Nurse
In-service educator/trainer
Laboratory manager
Maintenance/facilities manager
Engineer
Housekeeping manager
Hazardous waste management coordinator
Supply manager
(Note that titles of hospital personnel vary consid-
erably from hospital to hospital.)
All employees of the hospital need to be informed
about the program, including employees at off-site lo-
cations.
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
Chapter 2
I,.»I>U- 1 HII* in I -Ijhii'.it >Umin> Pnll'iiiwti i'n'Vrrillnn M \nu»' Rwipital
Get support from ihe lop
Identity and Involve statl
i-Mi' Hbt 11 -Zl =j|>*r J;
Identity morcu'V sources
Evaluate current handling and
disposal leehnrquets
Evalu-ate curnem policies,
"j'ir 6"
x.; Evalyate mercury produ-c'
i alternatives K'*M:A'I 3i
Esiablisii realistic goals and
implementation
I Eliminate mercury-containing
I products
Institute
practices Tn, 3>.
Mate mercury pollution
prevention easy,
Establish purchasing
Educate
ii:s1 of meUir*3s in
J Identity mercury sources
Pleasure success
Evaluate current handling and
disposal le
iref oj
'•' Evaluate current policies,
1 'Document f&duction&-
i'.3"urjgestions in GhiStei 2*
PrDinDting o Heoltliier EnuirDnment
-------
Chapter 2II
Gather Dote
Identify mercury
sources
The first task of the implementor is to create a
baseline assessment from which progress can be
measured. The department contacts should assist
in this effort. Use the checklist of possible mercury-
containing products (see Appendix A) and/or the
checklist of categories of possible mercury-contain-
ing laboratory chemicals (see Appendix 6) as guide-
lines. The department contacts should perform an
audit of all uses and sources of mercury in their own
departments.
Euflluflte current handling and disposal techniques
The program implementor, with the assistance
of department contacts, should assess the status of
current hospital practices for handling mercury and
staff knowledge about mercury sources and spill pre-
vention and management. (See Appendix E for a
form for recording your hospital's baseline assess-
ment and four yearly updates.)
If possible, wastewatersample resultsshould be
included in the baseline assessment. If the hospital
does not currently sample wastewater, work with the
hospital's wastewater regulator to learn what data is
available or may be collected. Total discharges of
mercury in pounds should be calculated. Total dis-
charges are a better indicator of the hospital's im-
pact on the environment than concentration. (See
Appendix Ffor further information.)
EualuatE current policies
Department contacts can help to consolidate the
hospital's policies that pertain to mercury such as:
• Handling of mercury-containing products
• Mercury spill management
• Recycling or disposal of mercury-containing
products
• Purchase of alternatives to mercury-contain-
ing products
Policies that address hazardous materials man-
agement and laboratory chemical management may
be pertinent to mercury, even though mercury may not
be mentioned specifically. Hospital policies may be
collected by either of the two project leaders.
EualuatE mercury product alternatiues
Use the information in Chapter 3 to learn more
about mercury-free substitutes for the mercury sources
noted on your baseline assessment. Hospital suppli-
ers can also assist you in finding mercury-free alterna-
tives.
Questions to ask when comparing a mercury-con-
taining product and a mercury-free substitute include:
• Is the performance of the substitute as good
as the mercury-containing product?
• If the performance is not as good, is it ad-
equate for the purpose?
• What are the costs for purchase? For calibra-
tion (if applicable)? For accessories? For
maintenance? For disposal?
• Is added cost offset by lower handling, dis-
posal and liability costs?
• Does the substitute introduce new problems
for maintenance, handling or disposal?
(For examples of cost/savings worksheets, see Ap-
pendix G.)
Once a decision has been made to introduce a
substitute, it can be decided how to implement the
substitution. Some hospitals replace mercury-contain-
ing products all at once. Some make substitutions
gradually, replacing mercury-containing products when
they become unusable.
Establish Realistic Goals and
Implementation Plans
The long-term goal of the hospital may be to elimi-
nate the use of mercury entirely. This is true pollution
prevention. It will be easier and more satisfying to
measure success if the hospital also develops short-
term goals, such as eliminating the use of mercury
sphygmomanometers within two years. The project
leaders should get the support of the CEO for the goals
and create a comprehensive plan that lays out how
the hospital will achieve its mercury-free status. Con-
tacts from the departments should be key players in
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
Chapter 2
establishingthe plan. Key components of the plan could
include:
• Best management practices (see Chapter 3)
• Policies for the medical departments, the
purchasing department and the waste man-
agement department
• Training and continuing education programs
for staff and administrators
• A process to review progress regularly
Institute Best Management Practices
Obtain the CEO's stamp of approval for all of the
best management practices that are selected to be-
come part of the hospital's mercury pollution preven-
tion program.
Eliminate mercury-containing products
The highest priority of the pollution prevention pro-
gram is the elimination of mercury. The hospital should
phase-in alternatives if evaluation has demonstrated
them to be acceptable and cost-effective (taking into
account disposal costs).
Make mercury pollution preuention Easy
Chapters of this manual describes best manage-
ment practices to keep mercury out of the environment.
The chapter is organized by product (thermometers,
laboratory chemicals, electrical equipment, etc.).
The hospital can make proper disposal easy by cre-
ating convenient locations for disposal of mercury prod-
ucts, as well as other hazardous materials. Establish
an internal "take-back" program for electrical equip-
ment by placing a collection box for old equipment at
the point where the new equipment is picked up. Find
a way to label mercury-containing products so that each
user is aware of his or her responsibility for proper use
and disposal.
Establish purchasing policies
Consider a policy that bans the purchase of any
mercury-containing item if an adequate alternative
exists. The policy could include a requirement for spe-
cific authorization by the hospital CEO or other desig-
nated official for the purchase of a mercury product.
Authorize the purchasing department to make "mer-
cury-free" a part of product specifications, to insist on
mercury disclosures on all products coming into the
hospital, to specify the use of recovered mercury in all
products that do not yet have mercury-free alterna-
tives, and to include disposal costs in cost evaluations.
It is becoming a competitive issue for vendors to
ensure that their products do not create unnecessary
waste or that they are made from recycled materials.
Your vendors need to know that mercury-free alterna-
tive products are required by your hospital. Ask them
to verify in writingthattheir products are mercury-free
or that they will assist you in selecting mercury-free
products. For laboratory chemicals, a Certificate of
Analysis can be requested. See/Appendix/-/forasample
letter requesting mercury information and a sample
Certificate of Analysis. For other products, a vendor
product mercury-content disclosure can be requested
(see Appendix I).
Investigate opportunities for reduction in the cost
of mercury-free products or reduction in recycling costs
through group purchasing of products and services with
other hospitals or clinics.
Educate staff
Employee education in mercury pollution preven-
tion is an important component of successful programs.
Determine which groups within the hospital need in-
struction and identify the mostimportant topics for each
group. Each segment of the training program should
be adapted for the educational level of the group be-
ing trained and the intensity of training needed.
Try to incorporate mercury pollution prevention into
existing training programs such as new employee ori-
entation, safety training, right-to-know train ing, depart-
ment meetings and grand rounds. Training should be
continued on an annual basis until mercury-contain-
ing products are eliminated from the hospital.
Educational methods include:
• Train-the-trainer program
• Presentations at meetings
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
-------
diopter 2
• Display in cafeteria or other common area
• Survey about mercury awareness
• Articles in hospital newsletter and other
existing publications
• Distribution of articles from professional
journals or newsletters
• Employee handbook page on the guidelines for
handling and disposing of mercury
• Paycheck
enclosure
• Recycling
guide
• Posters, fliers
and stickers
• Signs near red
bags, sharps
containers and
sinks, and in
supply areas
and disposal
areas
• Labels on
instruments
that use
mercury
materials
• Video
• E-Mail
• Verbal instruction from supervisors and from
medical engineers who work throughout the
hospital
• Incentive program to reward workers with good
ideas that make mercury pollution prevention
easier
• Reports on internal audits
(See list of Educational Resources for a Mercury
Pollution Prevention Program in Appendix J.)
Measure and Document Success
Euflluflte the status of the mercury pollution
preuentinn prnu.™
Measurement of success is a vital component of
pollution prevention that allows the hospital staff and
the community to realize the effectiveness of the pro-
gram. Start by repeating the mercury source identifi-
cation that was done at the beginning of the program
(see Appendix £), using the checklist of possible mer-
cury-containing products in Appendix A and Appendix
B. If it is not practical to repeat every measurement,
select a few good indicators from the table to track
from year to year. If possible, take wastewater samples
or have them taken by an independent testing labora-
tory so that the total mercury discharge can be calcu-
lated and compared with the baseline assessment.
Note the sources and quantities of mercury that
have been eliminated. Compute the costs or savings
to the hospital of the substitution of mercury-free prod-
ucts purchased since the baseline assessment (see
Appendix G). Quantify and document new policies or
changes to former policies since the baseline assess-
ment if they are related to mercury pollution preven-
tion.
The hospital should realize a reduction in:
• Mercury products purchased, used and stored
• Mercury spill incidents
• Quantity of mercury shipped off-site for recy-
cling or disposal, and associated costs
• Mercury concentration in wastewater and in
incinerator ash, because mercury is not being
improperly disposed
Document the reductions and prepare periodic
progress reports about your mercury pollution preven-
tion achievements.
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
Chapter 2.
Hduertise Success
List entities inside and outside of the hospital who
should share in the good news of your success. De-
velop a communication plan that includes both for-
mal reports and informal updates on progress.
Communicate with:
• The hospital board of directors through an
annual report that describes accomplish-
ments, upcoming actions and expected
outcomes.
• Other hospitals through hospital association
meetings and mailings.
• Employees through individual letters, depart-
mental letters that can be read at meetings, a
hospital newsletter or posters. Go beyond a
progress report and include congratulations
and awards for employees who have made
useful suggestions for reducing mercury.
• Local officials, such as wastewater treatment
plant officials and the health department,
through formal letters.
• The general public through press releases,
stories in local newspapers, participation in
health and environmental fairs, and pamphlets
or posters available for doctors' offices.
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
-------
Chapter ]
Best Monoyement Proctices for Mercury-Contoining
Products io the HospitoL
Introduction
"Best management practices" for
mercury are the procedures that have
been found by experience to effec-
tively prevent the release of mercury
into the environment. By implement-
ing best management practices now,
the hospital can help to avoid the
need for increased regulations in the
future. For most mercury-containing
products in the hospital, the preferred
best management practice is to re-
place the item with a mercury-free
product. However, it may not be pos-
sible to replace all of the hospital's
mercury products at once and, in a
few cases, there may not be a substi-
tute that is considered to be reliable and cost-effec-
tive. For these products, best management practices
are effective procedures for handling and either recy-
cling or disposing of the mercury-containing products.
Recycling is recommended. Disposal should be the
last resort.
Mercury-containing products can be found almost
VFbr most mercury-
in the hospital, the
preferred best man-
ractice is to
replace the itanwith
a. njercury-free pred-
ict
anywhere in the hospital. They
range from medical instruments
and clinical laboratory chemicals to
electrical equipment and cleaning
solutions. This chapter is organized
by product (thermometers, labora-
tory chemicals, etc.). For each prod-
uct the chapter describes:
• The alternatives for mercury-
containing products
• The best management
practices for handling and recy-
cling or disposing of mercury-
containing products that are still
in use
In all cases, when a mercury-
containing product is still in use, the
hospital's hazardous waste management coordinator
will have the ultimate responsibility for its recycling or
disposal. All personnel within the hospital who handle
mercury-containing products must cooperate with the
hazardous waste management coordinatorto develop
appropriate procedures forthe handlingof items to be
discarded and their transportation to the designated
hazardous waste collection point.
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
diopter 3
FEUEP ThErmomEtErs
HLternatiues far
thermometers
mercury-containing
Seethe table of
alternatives for
mercury-containing ther-
mometers followingtheTeverThermometers" section.
Tone-home thermometers
If some units of the hospital send thermometers
home with their patients, hand out mercury-free ther-
mometers. The take-home thermometer might be digi-
tal, chemical strips or a glass thermometer filled with
a non-mercury liquid metal alloy. The use of a mer-
cury-free alternative will prevent the release of mer-
cury into the environment when the family breaks or
otherwise discards the thermometer.
If an alternative has not yet been evaluated and
chosen, and mercury thermometers must be distrib-
uted in the meantime, educate patients about how to
recycle the mercury after a thermometer has been bro-
ken or if one is to be discarded. This can be done
most easily by handing out written information with
the thermometer. This information should also be avail-
able at the hospital's information desk. (See Appen-
cf/xKto learn how mercury from thermometers should
be recycled in several counties. Use it as a handout to
give to your patients.)
Recycling/disposal of mercury-cootoioiog
thermometers
Develop a procedure for discarding mercury ther-
mometers. The thermometers could be placed at a
collection station that is convenient for nursing per-
sonnel and that is designated specifically for the tem-
porary storage of hazardous materials. Make a con-
tainer available at the collection station for the ther-
mometers and label it clearly. The container could be
emptied or picked up on a regular basis or on an as-
needed basis, according to the instructions of the haz-
ardous waste management coordinator. (See Ap-
pendix L, Strong Memorial Hospital case study, ,,
for an example of a label that can be placed ./,/
on a mercury thermometer collection ^\^^
container.) s^&s^
Develop a protocol for the ,S*%^ cleanup of a
broken mercury ther- s^^s mometer and for
transport of the ./^j^ spilled mercury to the
designated ^ j^ hazardous waste collec-
tion point. y/^^See also Chapter 3, Spills,
and Ap- s^^s pendixP.)
Keep mercury thermometers out
of red bogs ood sharps cootaioers
Mercury volatilizes easily. When
a mercury thermometer has been
placed in a red bag or sharps con-
tainer that is incinerated or auto-
claved, the mercury becomes a gas
and enters the air. Mercury that has
vaporized in an autoclave may also condense
along with the steam and enter wastewater.
Mercury thermometers should not be placed in red bags
or sharps containers, even in an isolation unit. The
hospital's protocol for isolation units should make it
clearthatthermometers can be removed from the unit
as long as they are disinfected first. (See Appendix L,
Strong Memorial Hospital case study, for an example
of a "no mercury thermometers" label that can be
placed on a red bag container or sharps container.)
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroooieot
-------
Type of thermometer
Electronic (digital):
oral/rectal
Electronic (digital):
tympanic (also
called infrared
thermometer)
Chemical strip,
single-use dispos-
able (plastic or
pa per strips with
dots filled with
different chemical
mixtures, each
formulated to
melt and change
color at a given
temperature)
Glass filled with
with alloy of gallium,
indium and tin;
a liquid at
room temperature
Mercury
Cost
Thermometer:
approx. $300.
Disposable probe
covers: pennies
apiece. Take-
home can be
<$5
Thermometer:
approx $300.
Disposable probe
covers:
pennies apiece.
Pennies apiece
Approximately
$3.00
Approximately
$0.40
Accuracy
Comparable to
mercury
Com parable to
mercury
Comparable to
mercury
Com parable to
mercury
Considered to
be the "gold"
standard" for
accuracy
comparisons
Time
for Reading
Oral: seconds
Rectal: seconds
Seconds
Oral: 1 minute
Axilla: 3 minutes
3 minutes
Oral: 5 minutes
Axilla: 7 minutes
Calibration
Frequency
Every 6 mo. - 1
year (Some
need initial
testing only)
Every 6 mo.-l
year. (Some
need initial
testing only)
None required
None required
None required
Comments
Requires batteries
Requires batteries. Must use "pull
and tug" method to get correct
placement. Can select to give
equivalent oral/rectal reading.
Does not record temperatures below
35° C (95° F)
Breakable
Breakable. Average life expectancy
80 days in hospital setting,
if reused. Disposal is expensive.
&>
2
(D
(D
^
3
&>
(D
O
O
O
o
I
35
-------
Chapter ]
S p h y g m D m a n D m E t E r s
Table 2. Alternatives for Mercury-Containing Sphygmomanometers
Type of Sphygmomanometer
Aneroid
Electronic
Mercury
Cost
Wall model adult: $50-$80;
portable model adult: $30-35
On the order of $2,000
Wall model adult: $60-70;
portable model adult $60-70
Comments
Needs calibration annually.
Accuracy comparable to mercury.
Common where long-term continuous monitoring
is needed, such as intensive care.
Requires annual refilling and calibration.
Easily breakable. Disposal is expensive.
Not recommended for carpeted areas.
Refilling mercury-containing
s p h y o m o m a n D m E t E r s
In order to ensure optimal perfor-
mance, manufacturers of sphygmoma-
nometers recommend that the mercury
be removed and filtered at regular inter-
vals. Once a year is a typical interval, but
the mercury should also be removed and
filtered any time there is a question about
the performance of a sphygmomanom-
eter. If a broken device is to be repaired,
it too must have the mercury removed and
filtered.
If it is not yet feasible for your hospi-
tal to replace all of its mercury sphygmomanometers,
make sure there is a protocol for their handling and
refilling that is consistent with manufacturer's instruc-
tions and Occupational Safety and Health Administra-
tion (OSHA) standards. The protocol might include the
following instructions:
1. Place the sphygmomanometer to be refilled in
a clear plastic bag and seal the bag. Do not
use a red bag or biohazard bag.
Mark the bag: "CONTAINS MERCURY."
Place the bag in a plastic basin to contain
spills while transporting to the area where the
sphygmomanometer is to be refilled.
Wear appropriate protective clothing and work
within a hood to provide ventilation.
Handle over a tray to contain any spills. Never
handle mercury over a sink or floor drain.
Carry the sphygmomanometer back to the
patient room as described in steps 1-3 after
refilling.
(See the Chapter 3 section on Spills for other pre-
cautions.)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Recycling/disposal of mercury-containing
s p h y o m o m a n D m E t E r s
Develop a protocol for the preparation of mercury
sphygmomanometers for recycling or disposal that is
consistent with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
New York State Department of Environmental Conser-
vation (NYSDEC) and local regulations, and other per-
tinent standards. (See Appendix C for NYSDEC and
local contacts.) Contact your hazardous waste man-
agement coordinator for details about packaging, la-
beling and transporting that are specific to your facil-
ity. A suggested protocol might include the following
instructions:
1. Place the sphygmomanometer in a clear
plastic bag and seal the bag. Do not use a red
bag or biohazard bag.
2. Mark the bag: "CONTAINS MERCURY."
3. Place the bag in a plastic basin to contain any
spills during transport to the designated
hazardous waste collection point.
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
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diopter 3
Gastrointestinal Tubes
Table 3. Alternatives for Mercury-Containing Gastrointestinal Tubes
Type of Gl Tube
Bougie tubes (esophageal dilators)
Cantor tubes (used to trace the Gl tract)
Miller Abbott tubes
(used to clear intestinal obstructions)
Feeding tubes
Mercury-Free Alternative and Effectiveness
Tungsten. Considered to be as effective as mercury.
Tungsten. Can be purchased empty of weighting and hospital adds the
weighting material, either mercury or tungsten. Some feel tungsten weighting is
not as effective as mercury because it is not as heavy.
Tungsten. Can be purchased empty of weighting and hospital adds the weighting
material. Tungsten replacement is considered to be as effective as mercury.
Tungsten. Considered to be as effective as mercury.
Recycling/disposal of mercury-containing
gastrointestinal tubes
Gastrointestinal tubes typically have expiration
dates, after which their use must be discontinued.
Make sure the hospital has a protocol for the handling
and recycling or disposal of mercury-containing tubes
that is consistent with U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC) and local regulations, and other
pertinentstandards. (See/Append/xCfor NYSDEC and
local contacts.) Contact your hazardous waste man-
agement coordinator for details about packaging, la-
beling and transporting that are specific to your facil-
ity. A suggested protocol might include the following
instructions:
1. Place the tube(s) in a clear plastic bag and
seal the bag. Do not use red bags or biohazard
bags.
2. Mark the bag: "CONTAINS MERCURY."
3. Place the bag in a plastic basin to contain any
spills during transport of the tubes to the
designated hazardous waste collection point.
Dental Rnmlpm and
.Mercury
Many hospitals do not
have dental facilities. How-
ever, some hospitals do have
a clinic within the hospital or
as part of another facility with
'which they are affiliated, such
as a nursing home. For the benefit of hospitals that
have dental clinics, a booklet, "Prevent Mercury Pollu-
tion: Use Best Management Practices for Amalgam
Handling and Recycling" can be found in/Append/xM.
The mercury pollution prevention best management
practices described in the booklet were developed si-
multaneously with those described in this manual.
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
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diopter 3
Laboratory Chemicals
Whenever laboratories use mercury-containing
chemicals, there is the potential for the release of
mercury into wastewater. Once mercury in wastewa-
ter enters a wastewater treatment plant, most of it con-
centrates in the sludge. The sludge may either be
spread on land or incinerated. Either way, the mer-
cury in the sludge will eventually be released into the
environment.
Phase out all nonessential uses of mercury in labo-
ratories:
• Eliminate the use of mercury-containing
compounds in all clinical, re-
search and teaching laborato-
ries unless there is no alter-
native.
• Eliminate all
nonessential
mercury
devices,
such as
thermom-
eters and
barometers,
and replace
them with mercury-free devices.
• Clear laboratories and storage areas of unnec-
essary mercury compounds.
See Appendix B for categories of laboratory chemi-
cals that may include mercury.
HLternatiues far mercury-containing laboratory
chemicals
The mercury compound in a chemical formulation
may be an active ingredient, a preservative, or a con-
taminant introduced during the manufacture of one
of the ingredients. The alternative depends on the
reason that mercury is present. If a mercury compound
is an active ingredient, the replacement may be a com-
pound of a less hazardous metal. If a mercury com-
pound is a preservative, the formulation can often be
replaced by a formulation that uses a non-mercury pre-
servative. If mercury is a contaminant, a formulation
can often be found with ingredients manufactured by
a different method. Examples of alternatives to mer-
cury-containing chemicals common in a clinical labo-
ratory are shown in the table.
Because mercury may be present in very small
amounts as a preservative or contaminant, it may not
be obvious whether or not a chemical reagent or stain
contains mercury. Manufacturers might not list the
ingredients of a reagent or stain if the formula is un-
der copyright protection. Material Safety Data Sheets
Table 4. Alternatives for Mercury-Containing Laboratory Chemicals
Compound
Histological fixatives (such as B5 and Zenker's Solution)
with mercury (II) chloride as a tissue preservative
Mercury (II) chloride as an oxidizer in hematoxylin
Chemical used for acidic drug analysis of barbiturates
and benzodiazepines by thin layer chromatography
(such asToxi-Dip B3)
Thimerosal (Trademark Merthiolate) as a preservative
in stains and other products in the pH neutral range
Possible Alternatives
Zinc formalin; other products are available that are
both mercury-free and formaldehyde-free.
Sodium iodate as oxidizer.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method.
A hospital may need to send samples to a lab that
has the equipment and specially trained staff required.
Methyl paraben, propyl paraben
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroooieot
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Chapter ]
might not list mercury in a product if the formula is
under copyright protection or if the amount is less than
one percent. However, the contribution of many low-
concentration sources accounts for a large fraction of
the mercury in the wastewater stream.
The hospital purchasing agent should contact the
hospital's suppliers and request that mercury-free re-
agents be supplied. If the usual supplier cannot pro-
vide mercury-free reagents, locate one that can. Re-
quest that all vendors disclose mercury concentration
on a Certificate of Analysis. Products with no or low
mercury can then be selected for purchase. The Cer-
tificate of Analysis should list mercury content in parts
per billion (ppb), not as a percentage. (See a sample
letter requesting a Certificate of Analysis and a sample
Certificate of Analysis in Appendix H.)
Wherever possible, change methodologies to pro-
cesses that do not involve mercury. For chemicals that
normally include a preservative, select chemicals that
use a mercury-free preservative. Watch for new prod-
ucts. Many reagents and stains that once contained
mercury have been reformulated so that they are now
mercury-free.
The cost of mercury substitutes can be comparable
and, in some cases, may be less than the cost of mer-
cury-containing chemicals. Some substitutes may also
carry some environmental risk, but it will probably be
less than the risk associated with mercury.
Recycling/disposal of mercury-containing laboratory
chemicals
When the laboratory staff hastrainingon the proper
use, handling and disposal of hazardous materials,
incorporate the importance of keeping mercury out of
wastewater. Make the staff aware of laboratory prod-
ucts that are known to contain mercury. It is impor-
tant that laboratory chemicals ready for recycling or
disposal be kept separately from each other and not
mixed. This will minimize any increase in the amount
of hazardous waste generated.
If using a mercury product is essential, the mer-
cury-contaminated waste should be collected and dis-
posed as hazardous waste. Check with your local sewer
district for information about the proper disposal of
mercury-contaminated rinse water.
Even if mercury-containing chemicals are not still
in use, they may still be present in storage areas and
they must be disposed as hazardous waste. Contact
the hospital's hazardous waste management coordi-
nator about transporting the chemicals to the desig-
nated hazardous waste collection point. Protective
clothing or debris that is contaminated with a mercury
compound should be managed in accordance with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)
regulations. (See Appendix C for NYSDEC contacts.)
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
diopter 3
Pharmaceutical Products
Currently mercury can be present in pharmaceuti-
cal products even when it is not listed on the label or
on the product information sheet. As can be seen in
the table below, the mercury is usually introduced as
a preservative.
HLternatiues far mercury-containing pharmaceutical
products
Be aware of changes in the pharmaceutical indus-
try. In many cases, products with mercury-free pre-
servatives are available, and additional alternatives
are likely to be available in the nearfuture. In the mean-
time, request mercury-free pharmaceutical supplies
whenever possible. Ask your vendor to assist the hos-
pital in selecting mercury-free products for the phar-
macy. (See sample vendor product mercury-content
disclosure in Appendix I.)
Table 5. Pharmaceutical Uses of Mercury
Product
Merbromin/water solution
Ophthalmic and contact lens products
Nasal Sprays
Vaccines
Notes
Used in plastic/reconstructive surgery as a disinfectant
and marker
May contain mercury preservatives: thimerosal,
phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate
May contain mercury preservatives: thimerosal,
phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate
May contain thimerosal (primarily in hemophilus, hepatitis,
rabies, tetanus, influenza, diphtheria and pertussis
vaccines)
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroooieot
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Chapter ]
Cleaners and Degreasers
Mercury as a contaminant
The mercury-cell process is one of the processes
that may be used to manufacture common ingredients
of cleaners and degreasers: sodium hydroxide (caus-
ticsoda), potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrochlo-
ric acid (muriatic acid). When these chemicals are
used to make other products, such as bleach orsoaps,
mercury contamination can be introduced into the fi-
nal product. The Massachusetts Water Resources Au-
thority (MWRA) and Medical, Academic and Scientific
Community Organization, Inc. (MASCO), through a pub-
lic-private partnership called the MWRA/MASCO Mer-
cury Work Group, performed laboratory analyses on
some of these products. (See Appendix J, Educational
Resources fora Mercury Pollution Prevention Program
and the MWRA/MASCO case study in Appendix L.)
Table 6. Mercury Content of Selected Cleaning Products*
Information from MWRA/MASCO Mercury Work Group
Product
fr\\ Ajax Powder
[U \ JC-v
C\^ I /^ Comet Cleaner
In/I n^J-W'?.-- Lysol Direct
7/*Tr- jfigy Soft Scru b
l^yEJPl Aiconoxsoap
""V_>£3 Derma Scrub
Dove Soap
Ivory Dishwashing Liquid
Joy Dishwashing Liquid
Murphy's Oil Soap
Soft Cide Soap (Baxter)
Sparkleen Detergent
Sunlight Dishwashing Detergent
Mercury Content (ppb)
0.17
0.15
<0.011
<0.013
0.004 mg/kg, 0.005 mg/kg, <0.0025 mg/kg
(3 tests)
<5.0, <2.5 (2 tests)
0.0027
0.061
<0.01
<0.012
8.1
0.0086
<0.011
*Testing on cleaning products has been limited and many common cleaning products have not been tested.
The data should not be used as a substitute for testing specific products/chemicals.
fllternatiues for mercury-containing cleaners and
degreasers
To learn the mercury content of the cleaners and
degreasers used by the hospital, request Certificates
of Ana lysis from all suppliers when purchasing materi-
als. Choose mercury-free products, if possible. If there
are no mercury-free products that meet the needs of
the hospital, choose those that are the lowest in mer-
cury concentration.
The Certificate of Analysis should list mercury con-
tent in parts per billion (ppb), not as a percentage. A
Material Safety Data Sheet is not equivalent to a Cer-
tificate of Analysis. (See Appendix H for a sample let-
ter requesting a Certificate of Analysis and a sample
Certificate of Analysis.)
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
Chapter ]
Botteries
Mercury-containing batteries
Mercuric oxide (mercury zinc) batteries and but-
ton batteries are the only batteries made in the United
States that may contain added mercury if newly pur-
chased (see table). Mercuric oxide batteries offer a
reliable and constant rate of discharge and can be
made in a wide variety of sizes intended for use in
medical devices. In the 1990s, manufacturers stopped
designingequipmentthat requires mercuric oxide bat-
teries. New models generally require zinc air batter-
ies. However, mercuric oxide batteries may remain in
hospital stock for many years for use in older equip-
ment. The shelf life of mercuric oxide batteries is up
to ten years.
Some of the medical devices that may still require
mercuric oxide batteries include cardiac monitors, pH
meters, oxygen analyzers and monitors, and telem-
etry instruments. See/Append/x/A to see the variety of
devices in which mercury-containing batteries have
been used.
flttematiUeS for IHerCUry-COntilining batteries Table 7. Batteries (Newly Purchased) That May Contain Added Mercury (1998)
Battery
Mercuric oxide
(mercury zinc)
Button batteries:
Zinc air
Button batteries:
Alkaline-manganese
Button batteries:
Silver oxide
Quantity of Mercury
33-50% by weight
No federal law, but addition
of mercury over 25 mg
prohibited by some states.
Manufacturers use this
standard for all button
batteries.
Federal law allows up to
25 mg mercury
Contains some mercury
but less than alkaline-
manganese button batteries
Use
Medical
Medical
Consumer
Consumer
Voltage
Multiples of 1.4 v
Multiples of 1.4 v
Multiples of 1.5 v
Multiples of 1.5 v
Available Alternatives
Zinc-air (may contain up to
25 mg mercury, 0.4-1.0%
by weight)
None
Silver oxide (lasts longer,
costs more, does not come
in a full range of sizes)
None
The alternative for mercuric oxide batteries is zinc
air batteries. However, the alternative may not be
mercury-free. A zinc air button battery may contain up
to 25 mg of mercury. Larger zinc air batteries are made
upof stacked button batteries, each of which may con-
tain up to 25 mg of mercury. It is not yet possible to
eliminate mercuryfrom these batteries. In the absence
of mercury, the zinc electrode corrodes and creates
hydrogen gas. Because the batteries are tightly sealed,
they can bulge when the gas is created and may even
explode. Note that zinc air batteries include a tab that
prevents exposure of the internal part of the battery to
air (air serves as one of the electrodes). Once the tab
on a zinc air battery is pulled off, the internal part of
the battery is exposed to air and it begins to discharge.
For medical devices, there are Food and Drug Ad-
ministration and Underwriters Laboratory certification
concerns with replacing a battery. It is important to
contact the equipment manufacturer before replacing
a mercuric oxide battery with a substitute to ensure
that the device has been approved for use with the
alternative battery.
Rechargeable (nickel-cadmium) batteries cannot
be used as an alternative to mercuric oxide batteries.
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
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diopter 3
Recycling/disposal of batteries
Provide many convenient collection points for bat-
teries throughout the hospital, including ar-
eas where replacement batteries are ob-
tained. There are two options for collection:
1. Collect only mercury-containing
batteries. This would put the respon-
sibility for knowing mercury content
on the person who is discarding the
battery. The hazardous waste
management coordinator could post
written guidance at the collection
location. However, this option could
be confusing for the user.
2. Collect all batteries. The hazardous
waste management coordinator or
recycler would take responsibility for
sorting the batteries. The coordinator should
determine which types of used batteries are
hazardous waste, which types can be
recycled and which types can be thrown
away as trash. Spent mercury-containing
batteries should be recycled.
Some battery manufacturers offer recy-
cling programs for mercuric oxide batteries.
Check with the hospital's battery suppliers
to learn if they have collection plans and if
they will coordinate packaging and transpor-
tation to their facilities. Check with the New
York State Department of Environmental Con-
servation (NYSDEC) to ensure that the spe-
cific program is legal. (See Appendix C for
the NYSDEC hazardous waste regulations
telephone number.)
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
Chapter ]
Lamps
Energy efficiency of mercury-containing lamps
Fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID)
lamps and ultraviolet lamps (used in biosafety cabinets)
are amongthe few mercury-containing products within
hospitals for which adequate non-mercury substitutes
do not exist.
Fluorescent and HID lamps are efficient sources
of white light, typically 3-4 times more efficient than
incandescent lamps. Since fossil fuels contain mer-
cury, power generation releases mercury and other
pollutants to the environment, and these releases are
greater when less efficient lamps are used. Consider-
ing both mercury emissions from power gene ration and
mercury contained inthe lamps themselves, incandes-
cent lamps put more mercury into the environment than
do fluorescent lamps.
Investigate the mercury content of fluorescent and
HID lamps and purchase those with a relatively low
mercury content. In recentyears, lamp manufacturers
have been reducing the amount of mercury in fluores-
cent lamps. Some lamps are low enough in mercury
content to be considered nonhazardous for waste re-
cycling and disposal purposes. Check verifiable prod-
uct information on Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Pro-
cedure (TCLP) testing to learn if this is the case.
Recycling/disposal of mercury-containing lamps
There should be several convenient collection
points forspent lamps within the hospital. Lamps from
the collection points should betaken by the hazardous
waste management coordinator to the hospital's des-
ignated hazardous waste collection point. The lamps
can be sorted for recycling or disposal at the collection
point. Do not break or crush lamps, unless using a
commercial lamp crusherthat captures mercury vapor.
Because crushing lamps may be considered to be "treat-
ment," consult with your regional office of the New York
State Department of Environmental Conservation
(NYSDEC) before pur-
chasing a lamp crush-
er. (See/Appencf/xCfor
telephone number.)
If a lamp is acci-
dentally broken in the
hospital, store all of the
debris in a sealed plas-
tic container. Request pick-up by the hazardous waste
management coordinator.
The exact procedures for sorting, storage, packing,
and recycling or disposal will partly depend on the re-
quirements of the NYSDEC. (See Appendix C for the
NYSDEC hazardous waste regulations telephone num-
ber.) It is important to know your generator status be-
fore asking questions. Some of the questions to ask
the NYSDEC are:
1. Which lamps can and cannot be recycled?
2. Which lamps must be considered as hazardous
waste?
3. How should lamps for recycling be packed for
transporting? Should they be whole or crushed
in a bulb crusher? What is the cost of a bulb
crusher?
4. How should broken lamps be packaged?
Since fluorescent and HID lamps fail TCLP testing
for mercury a high percentage of the time, it is sug-
gested that expensive TCLP testing be minimized and
that those disposing of these lamps assume them to
be hazardous unless verifiable product information
states that the lamps are nonhazardous.
Watch for changes in the regulations that affect
mercury-containing lamps. Get the latest information
from the NYSDEC. (See Appendix C. Also see Appen-
dix N for a partial list of fluorescent lamp recyclers.)
U.S. Enuironmental Protection Hgency [EPH] Green
Lights Program
The EPA's Green Lights Program can help the hos-
pital save money on lighting costs and, at the same
time, reduce the amount of mercury that is emitted to
the air when fossil fuels are burned at the local power
plant that supplies electricity.
Organizations, such as hospitals, that join Green
Lights sign a Memorandum of Understanding with EPA
to become a "Partner." Partners agree to consider avail-
able technologies and install the mix of lighting prod-
ucts and controls that maximize energy savings and
maintain or improve lighting quality.
EPA offers information, analysis, and planning and
communications services to the Partner. For further
information, contact the Green Lights Program by phone
at 202-775-6650 or by fax at 202-775-6680.
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
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diopter 3
Electrical Equipment
HLternatiues far mercury-cantiiining electriciil
equipment
Mercury can be found in many types of electrical
equipment (see table below) and the equipment can
have a lifetime measured in decades. Renovation is
usually the reason that the equipment is replaced. Even
if mercury use in newly manufactured equipment is
discontinued, the recycling or disposal of used equip-
ment will require an awareness of the mercury con-
tent for a longtime to come.
Table 8. Mercury-Containing Electrical Equipment
Type of Switch
Tilt switch
Float switch
Thermostat
Reed relay
Plunger or
displacement
relay
Thermostat probe
Where Equipment is Used
-Airflow/fan limit control
-Building security systems
-Clothes iron
-Fire alarm box
-Fluid level, pressure or temperature control devices
-Laptop computer screen shutoff
-Lids of clothes washers and chest freezers
-Silent light switch
-Space heater
-Thermostats
-Bilge pumps
-Septic tank
-Sump pump
-Temperature control device may have a
mercury tilt switch.
-Low voltage, high precision analytical
equipment such as electron microscope
-High current, high voltage applications such
as lighting, resistance heating, power
supply switching
-Electric stoves
-Hot water heaters
Possible Alternative
-Mechanical switch
-Magnetic dry reed switch
-Optic sensor
-Mechanical switch
-Electronic thermostat
-Solid state relay
-Electro-optical relay
-Dry reed relay
-Mechanical switch
-Non-mercury probe
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
Chapter ]
Manufacturers have not eliminated mercury in all
electrical equipment due to cost considerations. How-
ever, because of an awareness of mercury problems,
manufacturers are increasingly making alternatives
available. Ask your vendor to assist the hospital in
selecting mercury-free products. (See sample vendor
product mercury-content disclosure in Appendix I.)
Recycling/disposal of mercury-containing electrical
equipment
If the hospital is preparing used electrical equip-
ment for recycling or disposal and there is a question
about the mercury content, obtain this information from
the manufacturers. Remove any mercury-containing
parts from the equipment. Store the parts in a tightly
covered container labeled as to its contents. Parts
from switches, thermostats, relays and thermostat
probes (including the thermostat probes described in
the section on Thermostat Probes in Gas Appliances)
can be stored in the same container. The container
could be located in the supply area of the hospital where
replacement parts are stored until it is full and ready
for transport to the hospital's designated hazardous
waste collection point. Recyclers are available that
accept these equipment components. (See Appendix
N.)
Take-back programs
for tbermostats
Honeywell Corpora-
tion has a free take-
back program to collect
any brand of used mercury-containingthermostats. To
use the system, contact a heating, ventilating and air-
conditioning wholesaler to learn if the wholesaler is
participating in the program. Honeywell provides a spe-
cial container for thermostats to each participating
wholesaler. Do not remove the switches from your
thermostats before takingthem to the wholesaler. (Call
800-345-6770 for further information.)
Honeywell is one example of a take-back program.
Other companies may have such programs. Contact
your supplier to learn if this option is available. Take-
back programs may be subject to Universal Waste Rules
that have been adopted by New York State. Check with
the New York State Department of Environmental Con-
servation (NYSDEC) to ensure that the specific take-
back program is legal. (See Appendix C for NYSDEC
hazardous waste regulations telephone number.)
Thermostat Probes in Gas
lances
Mercury-containing thermostat probes may
be found in several types of gas-fired appliances that
have pilot lights, such as ranges, ovens, clothes dry-
ers, water heaters, furnaces or space heaters. They
are usually present as part of thesafety valve that pre-
vents gas flow if the pilot light is not lit. The metal probe
consists of a metal bulb and thin tube attached to a
gas-control valve. The bulb of the probe projects into
or near the pilot light. The mercury is inside the tube
and expands or contracts to open and shut the valve.
A mercury thermostat probe may also be part of
the main temperature-controllinggas valve. In this ap-
plication, the probe is in the air or water that is being
heated and is not directly in contact with any flame.
These are typically found in older ovens, clothes dry-
ers, water heaters and space heaters.
If there is a question about the mercury content of
a thermostat probe, obtain this information from the
manufacturer.
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
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diopter 3
HLternatiues far mercury-cantiiining thermnstat
probes in gas appliances
Non-mercury thermostat probes are also used in
the appliances listed above. They are:
• Sodium/potassium thermostat probes
• "Dissimilar metals" thermostat probes
Recycling/dispnsal of mercury-cantiiining thermnstat
prunes in gas appliances
Remove thermostat probes from the appliances to
be discarded and store them along with the mercury-
containing electrical equipment described in the sec-
tion on Electrical Equipment. Place them in a covered
container that is labeled as to the type of equipment
being stored. The container could be located in the
supply room of the hospital where the replacements
are stored until it is full and ready for transport to the
hospital's designated hazardous waste collection point.
Industrial Thermometers
Air and water heating and coolingsystems employ
thermometers to allow monitoring of the systems' per-
formance. Many of these thermometers are mercury
in glass.
Recycling/dispusal nf mercury-cnntaining industrial
thermnineters
It will be necessary to properly recycle or dispose
of mercury industrial thermometers if the hospital is
retrofitting with mercury-free thermometers or if it is
replacing an entire heating or coolingsystem that em-
ployed mercury thermometers. The thermometers
should be packed for delivery to the designated haz-
ardous waste collection point in a tightly closed con-
tainer and in a manner that will prevent breakage of
the thermometers. Contactthe hazardous waste man-
agement coordinator for detailed instructions.
Table 9. Alternatives for Mercury-Containing Industrial Thermometers
Type of Thermometer
Digital
Bimetal
Alcohol-filled
Mercury
Approximate Cost
$39
$45-47
$40
$32
Accuracy
Within 1% of scale range
Within 1% of scale range
Within 1% of scale range
Within 1% of scale range
Comments
Light-powered, no battery required;
interchangeable with mercury
thermometer as to threading and well
Contains a glass "window" but glass
does not contain a liquid;
not interchangeable with mercury
thermometer as to threading and well
Red-colored alcohol in glass tube;
interchangeable with mercury
thermometer as to threading and well
Mercury in glass tube
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
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diopter 3
Pressure Gauges
Devices that measure pressure may contain mer-
cury. These include:
• Laboratory manometers used by biomedical
engineers to calibrate other instruments in the
hospital
• Barometers
• Sphygmomanometers (see the section on
Sphygmomanometers)
The most common alternative to a mercury-con-
taining barometer is an aneroid barometer.
Table 10. Alternatives for Mercury-Containing Laboratory Manometers
Type of Manometer
Electronic (digital)
Aneroid (Bourdon,
diaphragm, piston or
capsule types)
Liquid filled
Mercury
Cost
Several hundred dollars
Price varies widely
depending on accuracy &
traceability required
Price varies widely
depending on accuracy &
traceability required
$100-$150 range
Comments
An order of magnitude more accurate than Sphygmomanometers.
Used in biomedical laboratory to calibrate other devices.
A traceable calibration must be performed with a mercury
manometer, onsite or offsite, on a regular schedule. The
time interval depends on the manufacturer's recommendation.
Manufacturers recommend calibration at least annually.
Schedule can be based on experience, with annual inspections
as a minimum.
Inadvisable to move them from place to place.
Manufacturers recommend calibration at least annually.
Schedule can be based on experience, with annual inspections
as a minimum.
One meter tall. An order of magnitude more accurate than
Sphygmomanometers. Used in biomedical laboratory to
calibrate other devices. Annual calibration recommended
to ensure good performance.
Recycling/disposal of mercury from mercury-
containing gauges
Store mercury waste from servicing manometers
and other mercury-containinggauges in a covered, air-
tight plastic container. The container must be clearly
labeled: CONTAINS MERCURY. Small amounts can be
stored in vials placed in a larger covered air-tight con-
tainer, such as a five-gallon plastic pail. Recycle the
mercury. (See Appendix Nfor a list of recyclers.)
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroomeot
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diopter 3
Plumbing
Mercury may be present in
a hospital's sewer pipes, sumps
and sinktrapsfrom the past use
of mercury. The mercury may
have entered the pipes when
items were broken, discarded or
spilled in sinks. Mercury in
plumbing can settle at a low point such as a sump or
sink trap and remain in the plumbing of a hospital for
many years. Often the slow dissolution of the mercury
in a pipe, sump or sink trap is enough to cause viola-
tions of wastewater discharge standards even after best
management practices for mercury have been intro-
duced in the hospital.
Whenever sewer pipes, sumps or sink traps are to
be moved or cleaned, the plumber must be warned
about the potential of finding mercury in the sludge.
The sludge must be handled and disposed as hazard-
ous waste unless it is demonstrated, through the Tox-
icity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) or veri-
fiable user knowledge, that it is not hazardous. Proce-
dures for cleaning traps and pipes that were devel-
oped by the Massachusetts Water Resources Author-
ity/Medical, Academic and Scientific Community Or-
ganization Mercury Work Group can be found in Ap-
pendix 0.
Hospitals have reported success in lowering their
wastewater levels after cleaning out their plumbing.
After conducting such a cleaning program, a hospital
must follow the recommendations in this chapter in
order to avoid reintroducing mercury into the plumb-
ing system.
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
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diopter 3
Spills
Accidental spills of liquid mercury can increase the
levels of mercury in the air or wastewater of a health
care facility. Small droplets of spilled mercury may lodge
in cracks, mix with dust and go down drains. Mercury
may adhere to fabrics, shoe soles, watches and jew-
elry on which it can be transported to other locations.
Asmall spill of mercury in a carpeted patient room can
become a major clean-up challenge.
Mercury spill preuention
Follow proper procedures when cleaning or refill-
ing instruments that contain mercury:
• Clean or refill instruments over a tray to con-
tain any spills. Never handle mercury over a
sink. Reserve the room for mercury use only.
Restrict traffic in the area.
• Clean and calibrate all mercury-containing
equipment according to the manufacturer's
recommended handling procedures and the
procedures recommended by your hospital's
safety officer.
• Train all workers who use mercury devices
about the properties and hazards of mercury,
safe handling procedures, and specific policies
related to mercury recycling and disposal.
Minimizingthe impact of a spill is part of spill pre-
vention. It is preferable to use mercury devices in rooms
that do not have carpeting or other floor coverings which
are not smooth and easily cleaned. Mercury devices
should not be used in units which use beds that have
high structures or projections off the beds that can
smash wall-mounted sphygmomanometers, or in ar-
eas where patients cannot be moved.
Mercury spill respnnse
Mercury spills are very disruptive. A large spill will
require removing the patient from the room during
cleanup. The room would have to remain vacant until
it is ensured that there is no longer mercury vapor in
the air.
Be prepared for a spill in any area of the hospital
where mercury-containing devices are used. Have a
mercury vacuum cleaner or mercury spill kit readily
available to consolidate spilled mercury and limit the
amount of mercury released into the air. Never use a
regular vacuum cleaner to clean up mercury. It will
vaporize the mercury and blow it into the air. The mer-
cury vacuum cleaner is designed to clean up liquid
mercury spills. An activated carbon filter in this vacuum
will absorb and contain the mercury vapors.
The cleanup of mercury spills must be performed
by specially trained staff members. Carry out simu-
lated spills and cleanup as part of training.
Create a formal mercury spill policy for the hospi-
tal. Consider the following factors when developing
the policy:
• Round-the-clock availability of a competent
staff person, trained for mercury spill cleanup
• Protective equipment and clothing for cleanup
staff
• OSHA requirements
• The circumstances when the patient(s),
visitors and staff should be evacuated from
the area before cleanup
• How to determine when a room is "clean
enough" to re-occupy
• Type of flooring (linoleum, carpet, etc.)
• Determination of the type of equipment to be
used for the size and type of spill
• Manufacturer's instructions for the equipment
to be used
• Ultimate waste disposal, which may depend
on the cleanup method
• Preparation of an incident report that de-
scribes the spill, the cleanup method used,
unusual circumstances, and follow up
• Mercury spills during a medical procedure
(See also the section on Hospital Employee Health
and Safety and Appendix P.)
Promoting o Healthier Eouiroooieot
-------
diopter 3
Storage Rreas
Mercury-containing prod-
ucts not in use must be stored
in nonbreakable containers
with tight-fitting I ids. The con-
tainers must be clearly labeled
as to their contents. Rooms
where mercury-containing
items are stored should be
tested periodically using a mercury vapor sniffer.
Even after most uses of mercury have been dis-
continued in the hospital, mercury-containing prod-
ucts may still be in storage from past uses. All hospi-
tal units should check storage areas for old, damaged
or outdated equipment. (See Appendix A and Appen-
dix B for lists of possible mercury-containing products
in the hospital.) If mercury-containing products are
found, contact the hazardous waste management co-
ordinator. After the removal of the mercury-contain-
ing products, the areas should be checked with the
mercury vapor sniffer.
Hospital Employee Health aod Safety
A major concern with the use of mercury-contain-
ing products is the possible exposure of hospital em-
ployees to mercury vapor during a maintenance pro-
cedure, such as servicing mercury-containing equip-
ment. Understand the properties and hazards of mer-
cury. Check with your health and safety officer prior to
doing such work to ensure that you are following cor-
rect procedures for:
• Ventilation
• Protective clothing and equipment
• Work habits, such as smoking, eating or
drinking in the area and wearing jewelry
(mercury readily combines with gold)
• Handling and recycling or disposal of mercury
• Follow-up monitoring
Conduct periodic trainingforall employees who may
come into contact with mercury-containing products.
Include new and temporary employees, employees at
offsite locations, and contractors.
(See also the section on Spills.)
Reducing Mercury Use in Health Core
-------
United States Solid Waste and
Environmental Protection Emergency Response
Agency (5305W)
EPA530-K-02-014I
October 2001
»EPA
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA
Call Center Training Module
Introduction to:
Miscellaneous and Other Units
(40 CFR Part 264, Subpart X and
40 CFR Part 265, Subparts P, Q, and R)
Updated October 2001
-------
DISCLAIMER
This document was developed by Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. under contract 68-W-01-020 to EPA.
It is intended to be used as a training tool for Call Center specialists and does not represent a
statement of EPA policy.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA s
regulations or policies. This document is used only in the capacity of the Call Center training and
is not used as a reference tool on Call Center calls. The Call Center revises and updates this
document as regulatory program areas change.
The information in this document may not necessarily reflect the current position of the Agency.
This document is not intended and cannot be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or
procedural, enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States.
RCRA, Superfund & EPCRA Call Center Phone Numbers:
National toll-free (outside of DC area) (800) 424-9346
Local number (within DC area) (703) 412-9810
National toll-free for the hearing impaired (TDD) (800) 553-7672
The Call Center is open from 9 am to 5 pm Eastern Time,
Monday through Friday, except for federal holidays.
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MISCELLANEOUS AND OTHER UNITS
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 3
2.1 Thermal Treatment Units (Subpart P) 3
2.2 Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatment Units (Subpart Q) 4
2.3 Underground Injection (Subpart R) 5
2.4 Miscellaneous Units (Subpart X) 6
3. Special Issues 10
3.1 Mobile Hazardous Waste Treatment Units 10
3.2 Land Disposal Restrictions 10
3.3 Air Emissions 10
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Miscellaneous and Other Units -1
1. INTRODUCTION
Congress recognized that it would be impossible for EPA and authorized states to
issue permits to all hazardous waste management facilities before the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C program became effective in
November 1980. RCRA §3005 (e) provides for certain facilities to be treated as
though they had been issued a permit until final administrative action is taken on
their permit applications. This statutory permit is referred to as "interim status."
EPA promulgated interim status management standards in 40 CFR Part 265.
Part 265 contains both general facility standards applicable to all facilities and
requirements for specific hazardous waste management units and treatment
processes. EPA initially promulgated interim status standards for the most common
hazardous waste management units in existence at the inception of the RCRA
program: containers, tanks, surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment
units, landfills, and incinerators (Part 265, Subparts I through O, respectively). EPA
realized, however, that certain hazardous waste treatment and disposal practices
were conducted in other types of units. As a result, the Agency also promulgated
interim status standards for broadly defined treatment processes that are not
performed in any of the previously listed units. These treatment processes include
thermal treatment (Subpart P); chemical, physical and biological treatment (Subpart
Q); and underground injection (Subpart R).
EPA promulgated final permit standards in Part 264 for all the specific hazardous
waste management units originally set forth in Part 265, Subparts I through O, as
well as both interim status and permit standards for boilers and industrial furnaces
(BIFs), drip pads, and containment buildings. The Agency, however, never
established final permit standards for thermal treatment units in Subpart P;
chemical, physical, and biological treatment units in Subpart Q; or underground
injection control (UIC) wells in Subpart R. As a consequence, facilities operating in
interim status pursuant to these subparts could never receive final permits. In
addition, new thermal, chemical, physical, and biological treatment facilities could
not be constructed, since new hazardous waste facilities need a permit before
construction commences.
The promulgation of the Part 264, Subpart X, miscellaneous unit regulations in 1987
bridged the gap between Part 265 and Part 264. Subpart X allows for the construction
and permitting of units that do not meet the Part 264, Subparts I through W and DD,
and Part 266, Subpart H, unit descriptions. It also allows interim status facilities
with units that are not specified in these subparts to become fully permitted, to
construct new units, or to expand existing units.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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2 - Miscellaneous and Other Units
When you have completed this module, you will be able to describe the
requirements for and components of the miscellaneous unit permitting process.
Specifically, you will be able to:
• Describe the basic requirements and types of units under Part 264, Subpart X,
and Part 265, Subparts P, Q, and R
• Explain when corrective action applies to these subparts
• Understand the relationship between Part 264, Subpart X, and Part 265,
Subparts P, Q, and R.
Use this list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you complete
the training session.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Miscellaneous and Other Units - 3
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
The RCRA regulations governing the management of hazardous waste at
treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) are divided into general standards
that apply to all facilities and unit- or process-specific standards. All thermal
treatment units; chemical, physical, and biological treatment units; UIC wells; and
miscellaneous units are subject to the general facility standards in Part 264/265,
Subparts A through H (with the partial exception of UIC wells). Accordingly, an
owner/operator must comply with personnel training; general waste analysis;
preparedness and prevention procedures; contingency plans; special requirements
for the handling of ignitable, reactive, or incompatible wastes; corrective action;
closure; and any other applicable requirements.
In addition, each type of unit or process must comply with the relevant
unit/treatment process-specific subpart in Part 264/265. This module outlines the
unit/treatment process-specific design and operating requirements for the following
types of hazardous waste management units:
• Part 265, Subpart P - Thermal Treatment
• Part 265, Subpart Q - Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatment
• Part 265, Subpart R - Underground Injection
• Part 264, Subpart X - Miscellaneous Units.
2.1 THERMAL TREATMENT UNITS (SUBPART P)
Since incineration was the most prevalent method used to thermally treat
hazardous waste in 1980, EPA established a subpart devoted specifically to this
thermal waste management technique (Subpart O). The Agency realized, however,
that hazardous waste may be thermally treated in units other than incinerators. So
as not to discourage the development and use of alternative thermal treatment
processes, EPA also promulgated interim status regulations for thermal treatment
units that do not meet the definition of an incinerator, boiler, or industrial furnace.
Thermal treatment is defined as the treatment of hazardous waste in a device that
uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical,
or biological character or composition of the hazardous waste (§260.10). Thermal
treatment units include carbon regeneration units and devices employing processes
such as molten-salt pyrolysis, calcination, wet-air oxidation, and microwave
destruction. Since incinerators are a subset of thermal treatment units, many of the
Part 265, Subpart P, requirements are similar to the Part 265, Subpart O, standards.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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4 - Miscellaneous and Other Units
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
Before adding hazardous waste to a thermal treatment unit, the unit must be
operating under steady-state (normal) conditions of operation (§265.373).
Owners/operators may use auxiliary fuel or other means to bring the unit to
operational readiness before burning hazardous waste. The owner/operator must
also perform waste analysis to determine the heating value of the waste, the
halogen and sulfur content of the waste, and the concentrations of lead and mercury
in the waste (§265.375). In addition, owners/operators are required to conduct
monitoring and inspections of the temperature and emission control instruments,
the stack plume, and all process and ancillary equipment (§265.377). At closure, all
hazardous waste and hazardous waste residues must be removed from the thermal
treatment unit. Finally, unless the thermal treatment unit receives a special
certification, the unit may not treat dioxin-bearing hazardous wastes (F020, F021,
F022, F023, F026, or F027) (§265.383).
OPEN BURNING AND OPEN DETONATION
Open burning and open detonation (OB/OD) of hazardous waste is prohibited in
interim status thermal treatment units, except for OB/OD of waste explosives.
Waste explosives include waste that has the potential to detonate and bulk military
propellants that cannot safely be disposed through other modes of treatment.
OB/OD must be performed in a manner that does not threaten human health or the
environment, such as following minimum distance requirements for treatment
near adjacent properties (§265.382).
2.2 CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
UNITS (SUBPART Q)
Facilities may conduct chemical, physical, and biological treatment of hazardous
waste in units other than those specifically addressed in Part 265, Subparts I through
O, W, and DD. Examples of treatment processes that are often not performed in
RCRA-defined units include distillation, centrifugation, reverse osmosis, ion
exchange, and filtration. To accommodate these unique units, the Agency
promulgated interim status regulations for units that treat waste by chemical,
physical, and biological treatment technologies in Part 265, Subpart Q. The Agency's
primary concern was the safe containment of hazardous waste, hazardous waste
constituents, and treatment by-products. As a result, Subpart Q standards resemble
the container and tank standards in Part 265, Subparts I and J, respectively.
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
The operating requirements for Subpart Q units specify that waste may not be placed
in the equipment if the waste could cause the process or equipment to rupture, leak,
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Miscellaneous and Other Units - 5
corrode, or otherwise fail. In addition, where wastes are continuously fed into a
process, the units must be equipped with a feed cut-off system (§265.401).
Subpart Q units must also comply with special requirements for ignitable or reactive
wastes in addition to the general requirements for these wastes that apply to all
RCRA facilities (§265.405). These standards require the owner/operator to remove
the hazardous waste characteristic immediately before or after placement in the
treatment process or equipment. Likewise, Subpart Q units must comply with
special requirements for waste analysis in addition to the general waste analysis
requirements (§265.402). Whenever a waste is to be treated by a process that is
substantially different from any previous processes, the owner/operator must
conduct waste analyses and trial treatment tests or obtain written documentation
showing that the treatment will meet the applicable requirements.
Facilities must also inspect discharge control, safety equipment, and data gathered
from monitoring equipment at least once each operating day. In addition, facilities
are required to inspect the construction materials of the treatment process and
confinement structures at least weekly for corrosion, erosion, or leakage (§265.403).
At closure, all hazardous waste and hazardous waste residues must be removed
from treatment processes or equipment, discharge control equipment, and discharge
confinement structures (§265.404).
2.3 UNDERGROUND INJECTION (SUBPART R)
EPA originally intended to regulate UIC wells disposing of hazardous waste
primarily under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). At the inception of the
RCRA program, however, many states did not yet have a SDWA-approved UIC
program. EPA promulgated the interim status regulations for existing UIC wells to
address the period when UIC wells were used to dispose of hazardous waste but
were not yet subject to the SDWA. EPA never intended to promulgate Part 264 final
permit standards for UIC wells, since §270.60(b) allows a UIC permit to function as a
RCRA permit-by-rule once corrective action has been performed for all solid waste
management units (SWMUs) at the facility.
Class I and Class V wells used for injecting hazardous waste must have
authorization under both SDWA and RCRA. A well has SDWA authorization once
it obtains a permit issued under 40 CFR Part 144 or 145. A well is considered to have
RCRA authorization when it meets one of the following conditions: qualifies for
and maintains RCRA interim status; obtains a UIC permit and meets the
requirements for a RCRA permit-by-rule; or obtains a RCRA Part B permit for all
units, including the operating well.
The first option would allow the well to obtain RCRA interim status. The RCRA
interim status regulations specify that UIC wells injecting hazardous waste are
subject to all the Part 265 general facility standards, except closure (Subpart G) and
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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6 - Miscellaneous and Other Units
financial assurance (Subpart H). The second option allows a well to qualify for a
RCRA permit-by-rule. To obtain a RCRA permit-by-rule, the well must obtain a
SDWA underground injection permit pursuant to Parts 144 and 145 and comply
with §144.14 for wells managing hazardous waste (§270.60(b)). Finally, the UIC well
may obtain a final RCRA permit. UIC wells may receive RCRA permits as
miscellaneous units.
Because all Class I and Class V wells used for injecting hazardous waste require
permits or permits-by-rule under RCRA Subtitle C, certain RCRA standards apply to
these wells even if they have a permit-by-rule. Most significantly, they must comply
with corrective action requirements. Likewise, any associated hazardous waste
storage units at the UIC well facility must be permitted and would also be subject to
corrective action.
2.4 MISCELLANEOUS UNITS (SUBPART X)
On December 10, 1987, EPA promulgated standards regulating miscellaneous units
in Part 264, Subpart X (52 FR 46946). The promulgation of Subpart X extended RCRA
permit eligibility to UIC wells and to interim status units performing thermal,
chemical, biological, or physical treatment under Part 265, Subparts P, Q, and R.
Additionally, new and innovative technologies managing hazardous waste in units
not previously regulated under RCRA became eligible for RCRA permits as
miscellaneous units.
In developing the Subpart X regulations, the Agency wanted to promulgate a new
set of general standards that would cover the diverse technologies and units not yet
covered in Part 264. To accomplish this goal, the Subpart X regulations are general,
not technology-specific. In sum, miscellaneous units are required to be located,
designed, constructed, operated, maintained, and closed in a manner that will
prevent any unsafe releases into the groundwater, subsurface environment, surface
water, wetlands, soil surface, or air. This media-based or pathway-based approach
ensures that any potential problems arising from units are addressed.
The Agency regards the Subpart X regulations as environmentally more protective
than the corresponding interim status regulations found in Part 265, Subparts P, Q,
and R. Since the site-specific Part 264 permit provisions are tailored to specific
facilities, these standards provide better environmental protection. Subpart X is also
more flexible, as it allows new and innovative technologies to receive RCRA
permits. In addition, these regulations give the implementing agency the flexibility
to develop permit standards on a case-by-case basis when considering the
technology-specific data required to be submitted by the applicant.
The following portion of the module describes and presents an overview of the
types of units regulated by Part 264, Subpart X, and outlines the types of performance
standards specified in the regulations. In addition, the section summarizes the
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Miscellaneous and Other Units - 7
monitoring, analysis, inspection, response, reporting, corrective action, and closure
requirements for miscellaneous units.
TYPES OF UNITS COVERED BY SUBPART X
Miscellaneous units are defined as hazardous waste management units where
hazardous waste is managed in a unit other than a container, tank, surface
impoundment, pile, land treatment unit, landfill, incinerator, boiler, industrial
furnace, UIC well, containment building, or unit eligible for a research,
development, and demonstration (RD&D) permit (§260.10). Since Subpart X is
intended to serve as a "catch all" category, the Agency did not develop an all-
inclusive list of units designated as miscellaneous units. The Agency, however, felt
it would be helpful to identify several types of units that may receive permits under
Subpart X. The types of units subject to Subpart X include, but are not limited to:
• Placement of hazardous waste in geologic repositories other than injection
wells
• Placement of hazardous waste in deactivated missile silos other than
injection wells or tanks
• Thermal treatment units other than incinerators, boilers, or industrial
furnaces
• OB/OD of waste explosives
• Chemical, physical, biological treatment units.
The Subpart X regulations do not regulate:
• Units regulated under other portions of Parts 264 or 266
• Units excluded from permitting under Parts 264 and 270
• Underground injection wells (Part 146)
• RD&D units covered under Part 270.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
The Agency concluded that it would be impossible to set technology-based design
and operating standards for the enormous diversity of technologies eligible for a
permit as a miscellaneous unit. Instead, EPA provided a set of objectives designed
to protect groundwater, surface water (including wetlands), air, and soil from the
migration of hazardous constituents. The performance objectives require permit
applicants to
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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8 - Miscellaneous and Other Units
evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the unit or facility and to
demonstrate that the unit will not adversely affect human health and the
environment (§264.601).
This performance-based regulatory approach offers several advantages. First, it
allows the Agency the flexibility to address a full range of environmental issues
raised by any waste management situation without the need to develop specific
design and operation conditions. Second, for those Subpart X units resembling
conventional units, the permit may incorporate appropriate requirements from
Subparts I through O, W, and DD, and Part 266, Subpart H. For example, a
miscellaneous unit that is similar to a surface impoundment may be required to
have liners and a leachate collection system. Third, this approach allows the
implementing Agency the flexibility to tailor each permit to meet the particular
issues and circumstances based on the technology used, the types of waste, the site
location, and the regional meteorological, climatic, and hydrogeologic
characteristics.
PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
All owners and operators of miscellaneous units must obtain a permit to treat,
store, and/or dispose of hazardous waste. The Subpart X permitting standards
require permit applicants to describe the unit and evaluate the potential
environmental impacts of the unit or facility (§270.23).
The permit application must include information that clarifies and defines the type
of unit for which the owner and operator is seeking a permit. The applicant must
describe the unit, its physical characteristics, construction materials, and
dimensions. The bulk of the application is expected to contain detailed plans and
engineering reports describing the unit location, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, monitoring, inspection, and closure.
In addition, each of the environmental performance standards must be assessed.
The permit application must contain information on the potential pathways of
human or environmental exposure to hazardous waste or hazardous constituents.
Where this assessment indicates that releases to air, surface water, or groundwater
are possible, the applicant is expected to provide details on the potential magnitude
and nature of such exposures, as well as detailed hydrologic, geologic, and
meteorologic assessments and maps for the region surrounding the site (§270.23).
MONITORING, ANALYSIS, INSPECTION, RESPONSE, REPORTING, AND
CORRECTIVE ACTION
Each miscellaneous unit must have monitoring, testing, analytical data, inspections,
response, and reporting procedures. These procedures ensure that a unit is in
compliance with the general performance standards. The required activities are
included in the unit's permit. At a minimum, the monitoring program must be
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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Miscellaneous and Other Units - 9
capable of determining the unit's impact on groundwater, air quality, surface and
subsurface contaminant migration; although in many cases, monitoring of a specific
medium will not be necessary. It should also ensure compliance with the general
inspection requirements, testing and maintenance of equipment schedules,
reporting requirements, and corrective action (§264.602).
CLOSURE
Units that cannot clean-close require post-closure care. The unit must meet all of
the environmental performance standards, as well as the appropriate post-closure
standards of Part 264, Subpart G, during the post-closure care period (§264.603).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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10 - Miscellaneous and Other Units
3. SPECIAL ISSUES
Keep in mind the following points about how miscellaneous units relate to other
RCRA issues.
3.1 MOBILE HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT UNITS
Mobile treatment units (MTUs) are designed to move from facility to facility
treating waste on site. These units must comply with the applicable interim status
or permitted unit standards. If the MTU does not meet the description of any of the
units regulated under Subparts I through O, W, and DD of Part 264 or Subpart H of
Part 266, then permitting under Part 264, Subpart X, is required. Current regulations
require MTUs to undergo RCRA permit procedures at each site of operation. See
the module entitled Permits and Interim Status for more information on
permitting MTUs.
3.2 LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS (LDR)
Many units permitted under Subpart X also meet the definition of a land disposal
unit under RCRA (i.e., underground mines or caves). Therefore, any hazardous
waste prohibited from land disposal must be treated to meet applicable Part 268
treatment standards prior to placement in the unit.
The Part 268 land disposal restrictions' applicability to OB/OD units requires further
clarification. When waste explosives are detonated in RCRA OB/OD units, wastes
are typically managed on the ground. The Agency has concluded that OB/OD of
waste explosives does not constitute land disposal because it is treatment rather
than disposal. This may not be true, however, in cases where the residues from the
OB/OD operation remain a hazardous waste. In these cases, the practice of allowing
the remaining wastes to remain on the ground or to seep into the ground may be
considered land disposal.
3.3 AIR EMISSIONS
When appropriate, a miscellaneous unit's permit must include the air emission
control requirements of Subparts AA, BB, and CC. Subpart X miscellaneous units
are permitted on a case-by-case basis with terms and provisions as needed to protect
human health and the environment. Appropriate portions of the existing technical
standards for other waste management units, such as the air emission standards,
will be incorporated into a permit as necessary.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for Call Center training purposes.
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FACILITY AUDIT AGREEMENT
between the
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
and
["Insert Name of Hospital]
INTRODUCTION
In recognition that environmental auditing plays a critical role in protecting human
health and the environment by identifying, correcting, and ultimately preventing
violations of environmental regulations, [Hospital] and the United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 (the ARegion®) hereby agree that
[Hospital] shall conduct a self-audit program (the AAudit Program®) for compliance
with the regulations promulgated or authorized by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (AEPA@) set forth in Section II below. The Agreement shall be
governed by the terms of EPA=s Policy entitled Alncentives for Self-Policing:
Discovery, Disclosure, Correction and Prevention of Violations,® 65 Federal
Register 19618 (4/11/00, the APolicy®), except to the extent that those terms are
explicitly modified below.
SCOPE OF THE AUDIT
A. [Hospital] shall conduct an audit (the AAudite) of its compliance with the
regulations cited below in subsections 1 - 6 of Section II.B. The Audit will
encompass all (enter number) campuses of [Hospital], including any
associated off-site facilities, such as (if applicable).
Appendix A, attached hereto, lists the campuses and other units associated
with each covered campus (ACovered Campuses®) that are covered by this
agreement.
B. Under the Audit Program, [Hospital] will audit for compliance with the
following federal regulatory programs:
1. Air Programs
Part 511 The New Jersey Implementation Plan Regulations (promulgated
pursuant to Section 110 of the Clean Air Act), including the New
Source Review regulations 40 CFR Part 52 Subpart HH (52.1670
1 The term "Part" refers to the subdivisions of the subchapters of Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations
("C.F.R.").
Page 1 of 13
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et seq.), New Jersey Administrative Code ("NJAC") 7:27
Part 52 Section 21 Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality
Part 60 Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
Part 61 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Subpart M,
National Emission Standard for Asbestos
Part 62 Subpart HHH - Federal Plan Requirements for
Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators
Part 63 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source
Categories (all applicable provisions)
Part 68 Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions
Part 70 State Operating Permit Programs (N. J. A.C. 7:27-22)
Part 82 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone
2. Water Programs
Part 112 Oil Pollution Prevention
Part 122 EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (N.J.A.C. 7:14A)
Part 141 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NJA.C. 7:10)
Part 142 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Implementation
(N.J.A.C. 7:10)
Part 143 National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (N.J.A.C. 7:10)
Part 144 Underground Injection Control ("UIC") Program (N.J.A.C. 8)
Part 145 State UIC Program Requirements (N.J.A.C. 7:14A-8)
Part 146 UIC Program: Criteria and Standards (N.J.A.C. 7:14A-8)
Part 147 State UIC Programs (N.J.A.C. 7:14A-8)
Part 148 Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions (N.J.A.C. 7:14A-8)
Part 403 General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and New Sources of
Pollution (N.J.AC. 7)
3. Pesticide Programs
Part 160 Good Laboratory Practice Standards
Part 162 State Registration of Pesticide Products
Part 170 Worker Protection Standard
Part 171 Certification of Pesticide Applicators
Part 172 Experimental Use Permits
4. Solid and Hazardous Wastes
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Part 260 Hazardous Waste Management System:General (NJ.A.C.7:26 G-4)2
Part 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste (NJ.A.C. 7:26G-5)
Part 262 Standards Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste (NJ.A.C.
7:26G-6)
Part 263 Standards Applicable to Transporters of Hazardous Waste
(N.J.AC. 7:26G-7)
Part 264 Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (NJ.A.C. 7:26G-8)
Part 265 Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous
Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (NJ.A.C.
7:26G-9)
Part 266 Standards for the Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes and
Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
(NJ.A.C. 7:26G-10))
Part 268 Land Disposal Restrictions (NJ.A.C. 7:26G-11)
Part 273 Standards for Universal Waste Management
Part 279 Standards for the Management of Used Oil
Part 280 Technical Standards and Corrective Action Requirements for
Owners and Operators of Underground Storage Tanks ("USTs")
5. Hazardous Substances and Chemicals, Environmental Response, Emergency Planning, and
Community Right-to-Know Programs
Part 302 Designation, Reportable Quantities, and Notification
Part 3 5 5 Emergency Planning and Notification
Part 370 Hazardous Chemical Reporting: Community Right-to-Know
Part 372 Toxic Chemical Release Reporting: Community Right-to-Know
6. Toxic Substances
Part 745 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential
Structures
Part 761 Poly chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing,
Distribution in Commerce, and Use Prohibitions
Part 763 Asbestos
2 New Jersey has been authorized by the Region for many of the federal regulations comprising Parts 260 - 268.
Once authorized, a state regulation becomes the applicable regulation. [Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
("RCRA"), as amended, §3006(b), 42 U.S.C. §6926(b)]. For purposes of this Agreement [Hospital! will audit for
compliance with authorized New Jersey State counterparts of the federal regulations, where applicable.
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C. The types of facilities and documents to be audited on the Covered Campuses are set
forth in Appendix B. The benefits of this Agreement shall extend to only those facilities
within the Covered Campuses that are audited.
III. DISCLOSURE
[Hospital] shall disclose all EPA-enforceable regulatory violations discovered during the Audit.
[Hospital] will disclose these violations to the Region, in accordance with the Policy, in written
disclosure reports to be submitted in accordance with the schedule set forth below in Section
IV. Each such disclosure report shall contain, with reference to each violation disclosed, the
following additional information: the actions selected by [Hospital] to correct the violation
within 60 days, or as otherwise approved pursuant to Section V below; the status of the
corrective action; and the means taken by [Hospital] to prevent recurrence of the violation. All
disclosure reports will be submitted by the scheduled date, and the Region agrees to waive the
21-day disclosure requirement provided for in the Policy.
Once the action designed to correct a particular violation has been completed, and a report
submitted to the Region notifying it of the completion of the corrective action, no further
reporting on that violation, or the status of corrective action, is required. On [Date of
Termination of Agreement - usually sixty days after submittal of last disclosure
report], this Agreement shall terminate for all purposes, except that [Hospital] shall remain
obligated to complete the action necessary to correct any disclosed violation, and to report to
the Region in writing the completion of any corrective action, previously unreported, within thirty
days after such corrective action has been completed.
This Audit Agreement does not cover any pre-Agreement activities, including regulatory
compliance issues discovered by [Hospital] or its environmental consultants) prior to the
effective date of this Agreement.
IV. SCHEDULE
A. Within 10 days of the effective date of this agreement, [Hospital] will identify suitable
personnel or consultants (where appropriate) to perform each of the six regulatory
program audits identified in Section n above and shall further identify the applicable
criteria pursuant to which each such regulatory program audit shall be conducted.
[Hospital] shall submit to EPA the audit protocols and audit checklists for each of the
six regulatory program audits, tailored to the Hospital, and shall provide copies of these
audit instruments to the Region. [Hospital] is willing to share any materials it develops
with other healthcare institutions and the Region.
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B. Within 30 days of the signing of the agreement, the Audit shall commence.
C. [Hospital] shall complete the regulatory audits required by the Sections listed in this
agreement, and shall submit disclosure reports to the Region, in accordance with the
Policy and the Agreement, identifying all EPA-enforceable violations discovered during
the course of these audits according to the schedule set forth in Appendix C.
V. CORRECTIVE ACTION
[Hospital] shall correct each violation identified during the Audit, and shall take steps necessary
to prevent the recurrence of each such violation. Wherever possible, [Hospital] shall correct
any violations identified during the Audit within 60 days of discovery. In those instances in
which [Hospital] is unable to correct an identified violation within the 60-day deadline, it shall
request an extension of time from the Region in writing and provide a correction schedule,
accompanied by a justification of the requested extension. Any extension of the 60-day
correction period shall be subject to the Region=s approval. Such approval will not be
unreasonably withheld.
If [Hospital] discovers or otherwise becomes aware of a concern or concerns that may present
an imminent and substantial endangerment to human health or the environment, and such
concern(s) may exist at other [Hospital] campuses covered by this Agreement, notwithstanding
any other language herein to the contrary, [Hospital] agrees to address such concern(s) at all
covered campuses as expeditiously as possible and promptly take such action as may be
necessary at all covered campuses to protect human health and the environment. [Hospital]
shall notify EPA (initial notice may be by phone) of such concern(s) within 24 hours of
discovery or becoming aware of such concern(s) and shall notify EPA in writing within five
business days of such discovery of [Hospital]=s proposed remedial action.
VI. CIVIL PENALTIES FOR DISCLOSED VIOLATIONS
Except as provided in Section n.D.8 of the Policy, the Region will not impose gravity-based
penalties for violations voluntarily discovered if they are timely disclosed and corrected, and
provided that the applicable provisions of the Policy and this Agreement are met. The Region
will consider the least expensive means for coming into compliance for calculating potential
economic benefit penalties for any disclosed violations, provided that such methods comply with
regulatory requirements.
VII. REGIONAL INSPECTIONS
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The Region will assign a low priority for compliance inspections at the Covered Campuses until
after the completion of the Audit, except with respect to potential violations of regulatory
provisions, or at facilities, that are outside the scope of the Audit, as defined in Section n above,
or where: the Region has received a citizens complaint; the Region has reason to believe that
circumstances exist that may pose a threat of actual harm or an imminent and substantial
endangerment to public health or the environment; the Region has reason to believe that a
criminal violation may, or has occurred; or where [Hospital], pursuant to statute, has notified
the National Response Center of a release. Any civil violation discovered in a facility or unit
within the scope of the Audit, that was scheduled to be audited subsequent to such discovery,
shall be treated as a disclosure by [Hospital] and resolved under the terms of the Policy and
this Agreement. Additionally, the Region retains the right to conduct during the Audit the
inspections set forth in subsections A and B immediately below:
A. Oversight Inspections: Where [Hospital] has reported a violation that requires
corrective action in the nature of a clean-up of contamination, the Region shall have the
right to conduct inspections at the corrective action site for the purpose of overseeing or
monitoring the clean-up, to assure correction of the violation. No civil penalties shall be
associated with or result from oversight inspections, unless circumstances exist that may
pose a threat of actual harm or an imminent and substantial endangerment to public
health or the environment.
B. Confirmation Inspections: Where [Hospital] has disclosed a violation, selected a
corrective action plan, and reported that the plan has been completed and the violation
cured, the Region shall have the right to inspect the relevant facility or site to assure that
the violation has in fact been corrected, or to require further appropriate corrective
action, if it has not. No civil penalties shall be associated with or result from confirmation
inspections, unless circumstances exist that may pose a threat of actual harm or an
imminent and substantial endangerment to public health or the environment.
VIII. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
A. Notification and Certification of Disclosure Reports: [Hospital] designates as its
Aresponsible official,® responsible for submitting disclosure reports to the Region, the
following individual:
Name of Responsible Official
Title
Name of Hospital
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Phone Number
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Fax Number
The responsible official shall certify that each disclosure report submitted to the Region
is true, accurate and complete in the form set forth in 40 C.F.R. ' 270.1 l(d).
[Hospital] designates as its Acontact person,® to be the recipient of all communications
from the Region concerning this Agreement, the following individual:
Name of Contact Person
Name of Hospital
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Phone Number
Fax Number
Email Address
The Region designates the following individual as its contact person:
Charles Zafonte
Multimedia Enforcement Coordinator
DECA/CAPSB
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2
290 Broadway (21ST Floor)
New York, New York 10007-1866
Phone:(212)637-3515
Fax: (212)637-4086
zafonte. charles@epa. gov
The parties may redesignate their contact person and responsible official in writing.
B. Compliance With Law and Regulation: Neither the existence of this Agreement, nor
compliance with this Agreement relieves [Hospital] of its obligation of continued
compliance with the regulations covered by this Agreement, and all other federal, state
and local laws and regulations.
C. Reservation of Right: The Region reserves its right to proceed against [Hospital] for
all violations outside the scope of the Audit, and violations within the scope of the Audit
that were not timely reported or timely corrected. In any enforcement proceeding, the
Region may enforce the provision of 40 C.F.R. allegedly violated, or its New Jersey-
authorized or -approved counterpart, if said state counterpart is federally enforceable as
a matter of law.
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D. Authority of Signatories: The signatories hereto represent that they have the authority to
bind the parties.
E. Modification: This Agreement may be modified by a writing signed by both parties.
F. Coordination With the State Environmental Agency: The Region has informed the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) of this Agreement and shall
provide a copy to NJDEP. Nothing herein restricts NJDEP from acting as it deems
appropriate.
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, FffiREBY AGREE TO BE BOUND BY TfflS AGREEMENT:
For [Hospital]:
Name of Responsible Official
Title
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Date:
For EPA-Region 2:
Jane M. Kenny, Regional Administrator
USEPA - Region 2
290 Broadway
New York, New York 10007
Date:
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Appendix A
Covered Campuses and Off-Site Facilities Associated with Those Campuses
[List of Campuses and off-site facilities covered under the Audit Agreement goes here.]
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Appendix B
SCOPE OF AUDIT PROGRAM
The following list provides the activities, areas, and/or shops that the review of the campus(es) must
cover. This list not meant to be all-inclusive. [Please select and include areas that exist at your campus.]
Documents to Review (for the three years prior to the Program Period)
Verify EPA identification numbers and permits
Hazardous waste manifests
Training records
Land disposal restriction notifications
Exception reports
Lead disclosure statements in leases, or associated with leases of residential
housing let by the university in its capacity as a lessor, as defined in 40 C.F.R. '
745.103
Contingency plans and annual reports (for contingency plans, only the current plan will
be reviewed)
Required certifications
Facilities Operation and Maintenance
Air conditioning/refrigeration service
Appliance and equipment repair, including medical equipment
Building cleaning and maintenance
Building renovation and construction
Cafeteria
Chemical storage areas
Drinking water treatment systems
Fabrication shops
Furniture repair
Heating and power plants (e.g., boilers, emergency generators)
House or architectural structure painting
Landscaping operations
Laundry
PCB transformers and switches
Pesticide storage facilities
Resource recovery/incinerator facilities
Waste disposal areas (landfills)
Wastewater treatment facilities
Waste treatment facilities such as autoclaves
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Fleet Maintenance
Automotive, truck, and ambulance servicing areas
Gasoline service stations
Garages
Hazardous Waste / Tanks / Wells
Aboveground and current operating underground storage tanks and their
containment areas/systems, and documentation concerning closures of regulated
tanks previously removed from service.
Dry wells, septic systems, cesspools, floor drains, sink drains, and disposal wells.
Facilities treating, storing or disposing of hazardous wastes.
Hazardous waste satellite accumulation areas.
Hazardous waste storage areas.
Tanks that have been permanently or temporarily closed.
Transformers and oil-containing electrical equipment (PCB and non-PCB).
Universal waste storage areas.
Laboratories
All clinical, pathology and dental laboratories
All teaching and research laboratories with regular chemical use.
Patient Care
Anesthesiology
Chemotherapy
Dentist=s offices
Doctor=s offices
Floor Pharmacies
Histology
Intensive Care Units
Neonatal Areas
Nursing Stations
Operating Rooms
Pathology, microbiology
Patient=s Rooms
Patient treatment areas
X-Ray/Radiology
Main Pharmacy
Storage areas
Outdated Pharmaceuticals
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Sterile Supply and Materials Management
Autoclaving Units
Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Units
Glutaraldehyde
Use and disposal of disinfectants
Use and Disposal of Known Chemicals/Products of Concern
Computers/monitors, circuit boards, and other lead-bearing electronics
Ethanol and formaldehyde/ethanol solutions
Fluorescent light bulbs and other types of lamps, including high-intensity discharge,
neon, mercury vapor, high pressure sodium, and metal halide lamps
Formaldehyde/Formalin
Mercury and Mercury-containing devices and products
PVC-containing devices
Xylene
Batteries
Solvents
Photographic chemicals and scrap film
Other Services
Athletic and training facilities
Photo processing/publishing
Morgue/Crematorium
Animal care areas
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Appendix C
SCHEDULE OF AUDITS
[Insert a schedule of when audits will be done at each campus/location. Provide details, as
necessary, such as deadlines for submitting the disclosure report, the regulatory areas
being audited, and the names of campuses, buildings, or other location-specific info.]
Example:
Location
Campus A, e.g.:
Pharmacy
Physical Plant
Print Shop
Programs to be Audited,
if not all programs that
are identified in Section
II.
e.g., RCRA, CWA
Date Disclosure Report will be
Submitted to EPA
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Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-K-05-015
Introduction to
Municipal Solid Waste
Disposal Facility Criteria
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
September 2005
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SUBTITLE D: MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITY CRITERIA
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Regulatory Summary 2
2.1 Subpart A: General Requirements 3
2.2 SubpartB: Location Restrictions 6
2.3 Subpart C: Operating Criteria 8
2.4 Subpart D: Design Criteria 12
2.5 Subpart E: Groundwater Monitoring and Corrective Action 12
2.6 Subpart F: Closure and Post-Closure Care 17
2.7 Subpart G: Financial Assurance Criteria 19
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
This module provides a summary of the regulatory criteria for municipal solid waste landfills
(MSWLFs). In general, a MSWLF is a landfill that accepts garbage, or solid waste, from
households. Wastes that are typically landfilled include bottles, cans, disposable diapers,
uneaten food, scraps of wood and metal, newspapers, paper and plastic packaging, and old
appliances, as well as some industrial and commercial nonhazardous wastes and construction
and demolition (C&D) wastes. MSWLFs may also accept household hazardous wastes and
conditionally exempt small quantity generator (CESQG) wastes that are not regulated as
hazardous wastes under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
The MSWLF regulations promulgated on October 9, 1991 address location restrictions, facility
design and operation standards, groundwater monitoring and corrective action measures, closure
and post-closure care, and financial responsibility requirements (56 FR 50978). Implementation
of these regulations, by states with approved programs, will reduce the environmental impact of
existing and future MSWLFs.
When you have completed this module, you will be able to summarize the standards for
MSWLFs and list the relevant statutory and regulatory citations. Specifically, you will be able
to:
• provide the statutory authority under RCRA and the Clean Water Act (CWA) directing
EPA to develop the MSWLF criteria in 40 CFR Part 258
• provide the Part 258 effective date and the compliance dates for providing
demonstrations to satisfy individual regulatory requirements
• identify the types of facilities that qualify for the small landfill exemption
explain the requirements of each subpart in Part 258 as they apply to states with EPA-
approved MSWLF permit programs and states without approved permit programs
• compare the MSWLF environmental performance standards described in Part 258 to the
corresponding requirements for hazardous waste management facilities in Part 264,
which are generally more stringent.
Use this list of objectives to check your knowledge of this topic after you complete the training
session.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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2 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
2. REGULATORY SUMMARY
RCRA Subtitle D addresses solid waste management and was designed to assist waste
management officials in developing and encouraging environmentally sound methods for the
disposal of "nonhazardous" solid waste (RCRA §4001). Promulgated under the authority of
Subtitle D, the MSWLF regulations in Part 258 establish a framework at the federal level for
planning and implementing municipal solid waste landfill programs at the state and local levels.
This framework sets minimum standards for protecting human health and the environment, while
allowing states to develop more flexible MSWLF criteria.
The Part 258 standards are intended to provide the means to mitigate or expeditiously remediate
potential adverse environmental impacts resulting from municipal landfills. However, other
Subtitle D regulations existed prior to the revised MSWLF standards discussed in this module.
RCRA §4004(a) authorized the promulgation of Part 257, Criteria for Classification of Solid
Waste Disposal Facilities and Practices (44 FR 53438; September 13, 1979). Part 257
established regulatory standards to satisfy the minimum national performance criteria for
sanitary landfills. Since Part 258 became effective on October 9, 1993, Part 257 governs only
those solid waste disposal facilities and practices that do not meet the definition of a MSWLF.
Such facilities include waste piles, industrial nonhazardous waste landfills, surface
impoundments, and land application units. EPA modified the Part 257 criteria on July 1, 1996,
to address the fact that these non-municipal non-hazardous wastes landfills may receive CESQG
hazardous waste (61 FR 34252). EPA revised Part 257 to further clarify that construction and
demolition landfills may receive residential lead-based paint waste as Solid Waste Disposal
Facilities without having to comply with the Part 258 standards for MSWLFs as long as all
conditions are met (68 FR 36487; June 18, 2003). See the training module entitled Solid Waste
Programs for further information.
Section 4010 of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA) authorized EPA
to revise its existing sanitary landfill criteria to establish specific regulations for facilities that
receive household hazardous waste or CESQG hazardous waste. In response to §4010, EPA
promulgated regulations on October 9, 1991 and added Part 258 requirements to address all
aspects of MSWLF design and management (56 FR 50978). EPA designed the Part 258
requirements to be self-implementing, meaning that in unapproved states the owner and operator
of a MSWLF can meet these standards without the oversight of the state agency. These revised,
performance-based standards enable implementing agencies to strike a balance between
environmental protection, cost, and site-specific factors. Integral to this regulatory approach is
the significant flexibility granted to approved states for developing site-specific controls.
Since municipal solid waste management is more amenable to State and local, rather than
federal, regulatory oversight, EPA intends for states to take the lead role in implementing the
MSWLF regulations. EPA's goal is for states to receive approval of their MSWLF programs.
States with approved programs are given flexibility to consider site-specific conditions regarding
MSWLF design and other requirements in Part 258. If a state does not have an approved
program, there is no mechanism by which a regulatory agency can exercise flexibility in
implementing the Part 258 requirements.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 3
This flexibility is a factor that motivates states to submit applications for approval of their
programs as quickly as possible. EPA promulgated the State Implementation Rule (SIR) to
encourage states to receive program approval and take advantage of this flexibility. SIR,
finalized on October 23, 1998, provides a flexible framework for modifications of approved
programs, establishes procedures for withdrawals of approvals, and confirms the process for
future program approvals (63 FR 57026).
Throughout this module, the text will refer to the titles "State Director," meaning the chief
administrative officer responsible for implementing the state municipal solid waste permit
program, and "Director of an approved state," meaning the chief administrative officer
responsible for implementing the state municipal solid waste permit program that is approved by
EPA under §§2002 and 4005 of RCRA.
2.1 SUBPARTA: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The Part 258 standards establish minimum national criteria under RCRA for all MSWLFs to
ensure protection of human health and the environment. A MSWLF unit is a discrete area of
land or an excavation that (1) receives household waste and (2) may not otherwise be defined as
a land application unit, surface impoundment, injection well, or waste pile. A MSWLF unit may
also receive other types of RCRA Subtitle D wastes, such as commercial solid waste,
nonhazardous sludge, CESQG waste, and industrial solid waste. Such a landfill may be publicly
or privately owned.
A MSWLF unit may be a new MSWLF unit, an existing MSWLF unit, or a lateral expansion.
Any MSWLF unit that has not received waste prior to October 9, 1993, is a new MSWLF unit.
An existing MSWLF unit means any MSWLF unit that was receiving solid waste as of the
effective date, October 9, 1993, of the final rule (56 FR 50978; October 9, 1991). A landfill cell
could constitute an individual MSWLF unit. A lateral expansion is a horizontal expansion of the
waste boundaries of an existing MSWLF unit.
Units accepting municipal solid waste that do not meet the Part 258 criteria are classified as open
dumps, and are prohibited by RCRA §4005(a). Accordingly, such units must be upgraded or
closed.
EFFECTIVE DATES
Part 258 applies to owners and operators of new and existing MSWLFs and lateral expansions
that receive waste after October 9, 1991. Owners and operators of units that ceased receiving
waste between October 9, 1991, and October 9, 1993, only needed to comply with the final cover
requirements in §258.60(a) (§258. l(d)). Compliance for these landfills entailed placing a final
cover on the unit by October 9, 1994. Owners and operators who failed to comply with these
final cover requirements by October 9, 1994, like those whose units continued to receive waste
after October 9, 1993, needed to comply with all applicable Part 258 standards.
On October 1, 1993, EPA issued a rule delaying the effective date for certain existing smaller
MSWLFs to April 9, 1994 (58 FR 51536). To qualify for the extension, the MSWLF units had
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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4 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
to accept 100 tons per day or less during a representative period prior to October 9, 1993, not be
on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL), and be located in a state that had submitted an
application for state program approval by October 9, 1993; or be located on Indian lands or
Indian country. MSWLFs qualifying for the extension were still required to install a final cover
by October 9, 1994.
The effective date may also have been extended to April 9, 1994, for existing MSWLFs,
regardless of size, in Midwest flood regions if a landfill owner and operator's state determined
that an extension was needed to manage flood-related waste from federally designated disaster
areas during the summer of 1993. These states were allowed six additional months beyond April
9, 1994, to comply with the federal regulations. The nine states within federal disaster areas
were Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and
Wisconsin. Compliance dates for meeting individual regulatory requirements are listed in Figure
1.
SMALL LANDFILL EXEMPTION
When the landfill criteria were developed in the late 1980s, EPA determined that nearly half of
the MSWLFs in the United States were small facilities serving communities of approximately
10,000 people or less (57 FR 50989; October 9, 1991). Because of the financial impact of the
regulations on these facilities, EPA included in the final 1991 criteria an exemption for certain
small MSWLFs from the requirements in Subpart D (design criteria) and Subpart E
(groundwater monitoring) (§258. l(f)(l)). In 1993, EPA was subsequently sued and required to
remove the groundwater monitoring exemption. In March 1996, the Land Disposal Program
Flexibility Act (LDPFA) of 1996 was signed into law, reinstating the groundwater monitoring
exemption for qualifying small landfills. This exemption was codified on September 25, 1996
(61 FR 50410). To qualify for this exemption, a unit must receive less than 20 tons of municipal
solid waste daily based on an annual average, and must serve either:
a community that experiences an annual interruption of at least 3 consecutive months of
surface transportation that prevents access to a regional waste management facility; or
a community that has no practical waste management alternatives, and the landfill is an
area that annually receives less than or equal to 25 inches of precipitation.
In addition, there must be no evidence of existing groundwater contamination from the unit for
the small landfill exemption to apply. If evidence of groundwater contamination from an
exempted small landfill is discovered, the owner and operator must notify the State Director and
thereafter fully comply with Subparts D and E (§258. l(f)(3)). MSWLF units meeting the small
landfill exemption in §258. l(f) are exempt from all applicable regulations until October 9, 1997.
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PERMITS
To promote innovative technologies, EPA published a final rule on March 22, 2004 (69 FR
13242), to revise the criteria for MSWLFs to allow states to issue research, development, and
demonstration (RD&D) permits to new and existing MSWLF units and lateral expansions. The
Director of an approved state may provide owners and operations variances from certain
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 5
MSWLF criteria provided that compliance with the RD&D permit will not increase risk to
human health and the environment. The specific criteria that are eligible for the variances are
the run-on control systems in §258.26(a)(l), the liquid restrictions in §258.28(a), and the final
cover requirement in §258.60(a). No other variances from the criteria, unless already provided
in the existing regulations, are allowed under the RD&D permit.
Figure 1
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO THE EFFECTIVE DATE
OF THE MSWLF CRITERIA
General effective
date123
This is the effective date
for location, operation,
design, and
closure/post-closure
standards.
Date by which unit
must install final cover
if it ceases receipt of
waste by the general
effective date2'3
Effective date of
groundwater
monitoring and
corrective action
provisions2'3
Effective date of
financial assurance
requirements3'4
MSWLF units
accepting greater
than 100 TPD
October 9, 1993
October 9, 1994
Prior to receipt of
waste for new units;
October 9, 1994
through October 9,
1996 for existing
units and lateral
expansions
April 9, 1997
MSWLF units
accepting 100 TPD
or less; not on the
NPL; and located in
a state that has
submitted an
application for
approval by 10/9/93,
or on Indian lands or
Indian country
April 9, 1994
October 9, 1994
October 9, 1993 for
new units; October 9,
1994 through October
9, 1996 for existing
units and lateral
expansions
April 9, 1997
MSWLF units that
meet the small
landfill exemption
in 40 CFR §258.1(f)
October 9, 1997;
exempt from design
requirements
October 9, 1998
Exempt from the
groundwater
monitoring
requirements.5
October 9, 1997
MSWLF units
receiving flood-
related waste
Up to October 9,
1994, as
determined by
state
Within one year
of date
determined by
state; no later
than October 9,
1995
October 9, 1993
for new units;
October 9, 1994
through October
9, 1996 for
existing units and
lateral expansions
April 9, 1997
If a MSWLF unit receives waste after this date, the unit must comply with all of Part 258.
r\
Seethe final rule and preamble published on October 1, 1993 (58 FR 51536) for a full discussion of all changes and related conditions.
See the final rule and preamble published on October 6, 1995 (60 FR 52337) for a full discussion of all changes and related conditions.
4 See the final rule and preamble published on April 7, 1995 (60 FR 17649) for a discussion of this delay.
5 See the final rule published on September 25, 1996 (61 FR 50410).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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6 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
2.2 SUBPART B: LOCATION RESTRICTIONS
The regulations establish special siting restrictions and performance standards for six types of
MSWLF site locations: airports, 100-year floodplains, wetlands, fault areas, seismic impact
zones, and unstable areas (Part 258, Subpart B). These six types of locations are sensitive areas
that warrant additional regulatory controls. While all six location restrictions apply to new and
laterally expanding MSWLF units, existing units are subject only to airport safety, floodplain,
and unstable area controls.
Unless the owner and operator of an existing MSWLF unit can make all applicable
demonstrations required for airport controls (§258.10(a)), floodplains (§258.11(a)), and unstable
areas (§258.15(a)), the unit must close by October 9, 1996, in accordance with §258.60. The
owner and operator must also conduct post-closure activities in accordance with §258.61, as
required by §258.16. Approved states may delay the October 1996 closure date by up to two
years.
Because these landfill siting regulations involve substantial geological investigation, certain
terms used in the regulations are unusually technical. Refer to Part 258, Subpart B, for
definitions of specific terms.
AIRPORT SAFETY CONTROLS
Landfills can attract birds seeking food or nesting sites; therefore, landfills that are located near
an airport may pose a risk of collisions between birds and aircraft. The airport safety restrictions
in §258.10 define a danger zone in which special care must be taken to ensure that the likelihood
of collisions between birds and aircraft is reduced (56 FR 50978, 51043; October 9, 1991).
These provisions apply to new MSWLFs, existing MSWLFs, and lateral expansions located
within 10,000 feet of any airport runway used by turbojet aircraft, or within 5,000 feet of any
runway end used by piston-type aircraft only. The owner and operator of any unit located within
these areas must demonstrate that the management practices of the landfill will minimize the
incidents of bird hazards for aircraft.
Provided the owner and operator can make this demonstration, the airport safety criteria do not
prohibit the disposal of solid waste within the specified distances. Likewise, the airport safety
restrictions do not impact the location of airports or airport runways. In accordance with Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) Order 5200.5A, however, municipal landfills and lateral
expansions proposed within a five-mile radius of any airport runway end used by turbojet or
piston-type aircraft must notify the affected airport and the FAA in writing of such a proposal
(§258.10(b)).
The Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (P.L. 106-181), which includes
provisions that amend the MSWLF location criteria, was signed into law on April 5, 2000. The
amendments come after Congress found that collisions between aircraft and birds have resulted
in fatal accidents and pose special dangers to smaller aircraft. Since landfills have an inherent
nature to attract birds, the law prohibits the location of new MSWLFs within six miles of airports
served by general aviation aircraft and regularly scheduled flights of aircraft designed for 60
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 7
passengers or less. This restriction does not apply to existing landfills or expansions of existing
landfills.
EPA published a direct final rule on July 11, 2002 (67 FR 45915), to amend the MSWLF
location restriction criteria to incorporate the language of Aviation Investment and Reform Act.
However, EPA subsequently withdrew this rule on October 8, 2002 (67 FR 62647), after
receiving adverse comments. Finally, an informative note was added to §258.10 on October 15,
2003 (68 FR 59335), to reference the FAA guidance governing this restriction.
FLOODPLAIN CONTROLS
Floodplain regulations establish guidelines that must be followed when a new or existing
MSWLF or a lateral expansion is located in a 100-year floodplain. A unit subject to these
provisions must be designed and operated to minimize its effect on both the 100-year flood flow
and the temporary water storage capacity of the floodplain. The unit's owner and operator must
provide evidence that the landfill will not restrict the flow of the 100-year flood, reduce the
temporary water storage capacity of the floodplain, or result in washout of solid waste.
WETLANDS CONTROLS
Swamps, bogs, marshes, and other wetlands are unique, critical ecosystems that serve an
important role in flood control, help filter wastes from water, provide an important breeding
ground for fish and wildlife, and constitute an important recreational resource. EPA has placed a
high priority on wetlands protection, but believes an outright ban of new MSWLFs or lateral
expansions in wetlands could severely restrict the sites available for new or expanding landfills.
Thus, the Agency developed guidelines for the limited siting of MSWLFs in wetlands.
New units or lateral expansions are banned from wetlands unless the owner and operator make
the following demonstrations to the Director of an approved state:
• rebut the presumption that a practicable alternative site is available
show that landfill construction and operation will not violate certain state and federal
standards designed to protect water quality and wildlife
• demonstrate that the MSWLF unit will not cause or contribute to significant degradation
of wetlands
• demonstrate that steps were taken to achieve no net loss of wetlands.
Because these demonstrations must satisfy the Director of an approved state, §258.12(a)
effectively bans the siting of new MSWLF units and lateral expansions in wetlands in
unapproved states.
The Agency intends to keep these wetlands location restrictions consistent with all CWA
regulatory modifications. As §404 of the CWA evolves in accordance with the wetlands
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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8 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
protection program, EPA will modify relevant portions of §258.12 accordingly (56 FR 51045;
October 9, 1991).
FAULT AREA CONTROLS
Fault area restrictions ban the siting of new MSWLFs and lateral expansions within 200 feet of a
fault that has experienced displacement in Holocene time (i.e., the past 11,000 years). This
restriction reflects the Agency's belief that, in general, a 200-foot buffer zone is adequate to
protect engineered structures, such as a new MSWLF, from seismic damage (56 FR 51046;
October 9, 1991). In a state with an approved permitting program, however, the owner and
operator may demonstrate that a setback distance less than 200 feet will prevent damage to the
structural integrity of the unit and will be protective of human health and the environment.
SEISMIC IMPACT ZONES
In unapproved states, new MSWLFs and lateral expansions cannot be sited in a seismic impact
zone, as defined in §258.14(b)(l). In a state with an approved permitting program, however, a
MSWLF may be located in a seismic impact zone if the owner and operator can prove that all
containment structures, liners, leachate collection systems, and surface water control systems are
designed to resist the anticipated movement in geologic features at the site.
UNSTABLE AREA CONTROLS
Any location susceptible to events or forces capable of impairing a landfill's structural integrity
is classified as an unstable area. Owners and operators must assess on-site and local factors,
including soil conditions and geologic features, to determine whether an area is unstable.
Unstable areas can include poor foundation conditions, areas susceptible to mass movement, and
karst topography (§258.15(b)(3), (4), and (5)). New and existing MSWLFs and lateral
expansions must not be located in an unstable area unless the owner and operator can
demonstrate that engineering measures in the unit's design are sufficient to ensure that the
integrity of structural components (e.g., composite liner and final cover) will not be disrupted
(§258.15(a)).
2.3 SUBPART C: OPERATING CRITERIA
Operating criteria are controls for the day-to-day management of a MSWLF. For example,
owners and operators must have a program in place to exclude regulated quantities of hazardous
waste and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes. Additional requirements include daily cover
material, controlling disease vector populations (such as rodents and mosquitoes), restricting
public access, and maintaining appropriate records. The operating criteria are summarized
below.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 9
PROCEDURES FOR EXCLUDING THE RECEIPT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
All MSWLF unit owners and operators must institute a program to detect and prevent the
disposal of regulated quantities of PCB wastes and RCRA hazardous wastes (except from
CESQGs) (§258.20(a)). Facility personnel must be trained to identify regulated hazardous waste
and PCBs and the owner and operator must either conduct random inspections of wastes brought
to the facility, or take other steps to ensure that incoming loads do not contain regulated
hazardous wastes or PCBs (e.g., arranging pre-acceptance agreements with haulers).
Upon detection of hazardous or PCB wastes, the owner and operator must notify the State
Director or Regional Administrator. Even if the owner and operator receive the waste
accidentally, they are responsible for ensuring that regulated hazardous waste is treated, stored,
or disposed of in accordance with all applicable RCRA Subtitle C and state requirements (57 FR
51050; October 9, 1991).
COVER MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Exposed waste at landfills contributes to a range of health, safety, and aesthetic problems, such
as disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and waste scavenging. To control these problems,
§258.21 requires that at the end of each operating day, a cover of at least six inches of soil be
placed over exposed waste in a MSWLF (§258.21). In states with approved permitting
programs, the State Director is authorized to allow alternative cover materials or thicknesses, or
to grant temporary waivers from the daily cover requirement if extreme seasonal weather
conditions, such as heavy snow or severe freezing, make meeting this requirement impractical
(56 FR 51051; October 9, 1991).
Section 258.21 was revised on July 29, 1997, consistent with the Land Disposal Program
Flexibility Act (LDPFA) (62 FR 40708). The revision provides additional flexibility to
approved states, allowing the Director of an approved state, after public review and comment, to
establish alternative frequencies for daily cover for certain small MSWLFs, provided that the
Director takes into account climatic and hydrogeologic conditions and determines that the
alternative requirements are protective of human health and the environment.
DISEASE VECTOR CONTROL
Disease vectors are rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals and insects capable of
transmitting disease to humans (§258.22(b)). As stated above, one purpose for the daily cover
requirement is to prevent the facility from becoming a breeding ground, habitat, or feeding area
for disease vector populations. If compliance with the daily cover material requirement is
insufficient to ensure disease vector control, the facility owner and operator must employ
additional methods (e.g., shredding the waste) to protect human health and the environment.
EXPLOSIVE GASES CONTROL
The decomposition of organic waste produces methane gas. High concentrations of methane in
MSWLF structures or the facility area create an explosion hazard for employees, facility users,
and occupants of nearby structures. To mitigate potential hazards, a routine methane monitoring
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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10 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
program, conducted at least quarterly, must be implemented in accordance with §258.23(b) to
ensure that the following conditions are maintained:
• in facility structures, the concentration of methane gas must not exceed 25 percent of the
lower explosive limit for methane as defined in §258.23(d)
at the facility property boundary, the concentration of methane gas must not exceed the
lower explosive limit.
While §258.23(c) outlines the procedures that the owner and operator must follow if these
methane levels are exceeded, states with approved programs may establish alternative response
procedures (§258.23(c)(4)).
Consistent with the LDPFA, §258.23 was revised on July 29, 1997, to incorporate a provision
allowing the Director of an approved state, after public review and comment, to establish
alternative frequencies of methane monitoring for any small MSWLFs, provided that the
Director takes into account climatic and hydrogeologic conditions and determines that the
alternative requirements are protective of human health and the environment (62 FR 40708).
AIR CRITERIA
In general, air emissions from MSWLFs are regulated under the Clean Air Act (CAA), not under
RCRA (56 FR 51053; October 9, 1991). Nevertheless, §258.24 prohibits open burning of nearly
all solid wastes at MSWLFs; only the infrequent burning of agricultural wastes, silvicultural
(forestry) wastes, land-cleaning debris, diseased trees, and debris from emergency cleanup
operations is permitted (§258.24(b)). Additionally, landfill gas performance standards for new
landfills and guidelines for existing landfills were promulgated under the authority of the CAA
on March 12, 1996 (61 FR 9905). EPA published on January 16, 2003 (68 FR 2227), the
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) for MSWLFs.
ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
Access to MSWLF facilities must be controlled to prevent unauthorized people from entering the
MSWLF. Owners and operators of all MSWLFs may use artificial or natural barriers, as
necessary, to control public access to the facility and prevent unauthorized vehicular traffic and
illegal dumping of wastes (§258.25).
RUN-ON AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS
To prevent the flow of surface water onto or from a landfill unit, §258.26 requires all MSWLF
units to have run-on and runoff control systems. The intent of the design, construction, and
maintenance of a run-on control system is to prevent the flow of surface water onto the active
portion of a unit during the period of greatest precipitation in a 25-year storm. These system
controls are intended to mitigate erosion, reduce surface discharge of wastes in solution or
suspension, and minimize run-on available to percolate down through waste that creates leachate
(56 FR 51054; October 9, 1991). A runoff control system, likewise, must be designed and
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 11
operated to collect and control the water volume resulting from a 24-hour, 25-year storm
(§258.26(a)(2)).
SURFACE WATER REQUIREMENTS
The runoff control measures would be largely undermined if collected waters were improperly
managed. Runoff collected from the active portion of a landfill unit must be managed in
accordance with §258.27, which requires that all MSWLFs be operated in compliance with the
Clean Water Act.
BULK OR NONCONTAINERIZED LIQUIDS
Restricting the introduction of liquids into a landfill reduces the unit's potential to generate
leachate (56 FR 51055; October 9, 1991). According to §258.28, only household waste
(excluding septic waste), properly recirculated leachate, or gas condensate derived from the
MSWLF may be disposed of in bulk or noncontainerized liquid form. Furthermore, the re-
circulation of leachate or gas condensate in MSWLFs is limited to units equipped with
composite liners and leachate collection systems (§258.28(a)(2)). EPA is researching bioreactor
landfills, which re-circulate leachate to accelerate the decomposition and stabilization of the
waste, in order to identify and prioritize future regulatory needs. Containers holding liquids may
be disposed of in a MSWLF only if the waste is a household waste, the container is similar in
size to one typically found in household waste, or the container is designed to hold liquids for
use other than storage (e.g., beverage containers) (§258.28(b)).
RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS
MSWLF owners and operators must retain certain records and documents near the facility in an
operating record. In unapproved states, the following materials must be kept in the operating
record (§258.29(a)):
• location restriction demonstrations required under Subpart B
• inspection records, training procedures, and notification procedures required by §258.20
• gas monitoring results and any remediation plans required by §258.23
• MSWLF unit design documentation for placement of leachate or gas condensate in a unit
as required by §258.28(a)(2)
• demonstrations, certifications, findings, monitoring, testing, or analytical data required by
Subpart E groundwater monitoring and corrective action
closure and post-closure care plans and any monitoring, testing, or analytical data as
required by §§258.60 and 258.61
cost estimates and financial assurance documentation required by Part 258, Subpart G
• information demonstrating compliance with the small landfill exemption required by
§258.1(f)(2).
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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12 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
The Director of an approved state may allow an alternative location for these records and
establish alternative schedules for complying with most of the recordkeeping and notification
requirements.
2.4 SUBPART D: DESIGN CRITERIA
To prevent unit failures, the regulations establish a uniform design standard for new units and
lateral expansions, allowing for site-specific MSWLF designs in approved states (56 FR 50978,
51059; October 9, 1991). In states without approved permitting programs, the MSWLF design
criteria require construction with a composite liner and leachate collection system. For new
units and lateral expansions in approved states, §258.40(a)(l) allows greater flexibility in design.
COMPOSITE LINER SYSTEM
The uniform design criteria require a composite liner and a leachate collection system. The
composite liner system consists of an upper component, which is a flexible membrane liner
(FML) that satisfies specific thickness standards. The lower component must be constructed of
at least a 2-foot layer of compacted soil and must exhibit a hydraulic conductivity of no more
than IxlO-7 cm/sec. EPA believes that the combination of an FML and a compacted soil layer
ensures adequate protection by providing both a highly impermeable upper liner to maximize
leachate collection and removal and a lower soil layer to serve as a back-up in the event of FML
failure (56 FR 51060; October 9, 1991). The leachate collection system must be designed and
constructed to maintain less than a 30-cm depth of leachate over the liner (§258.40(a)(2)).
SITE-SPECIFIC DESIGNS
Flexibility in design requirements is allowed for approved states. The performance-based
standard in §258.40(a)(l) requires that a MSWLF's design be capable of controlling migration of
hazardous constituents into the uppermost aquifer. This design performance standard requires
that maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) not be exceeded in the uppermost aquifer at the
relevant point of compliance. In general, the relevant point of compliance must be located
within 150 meters of the waste management boundary on the landfill owner's property.
The Director of an approved state determines whether a proposed design meets the performance
standard. When reviewing a design plan, the Director of an approved state must evaluate
hydrogeologic characteristics, climatic factors, and volume, physical, and chemical
characteristics of the landfill's leachate (§258.40(c)).
On March 22, 2004 (69 FR 13242), EPA issued a Final Rule for Research, Development, and
Demonstration Permits for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills to allow approved states to issue
RD&D permits for new and existing MSWLFs in order to provide variances from certain Part
258 criteria and for new and innovative technologies associated with landfilling of municipal
solid waste.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 13
2.5 SUBPART E: GROUNDWATER MONITORING AND
CORRECTIVE ACTION
Similar to the regulations for hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs)
in Subpart F of Part 264, MSWLF groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements
consist of three sequential phases. Detection monitoring, minimally required for all units, is
designed to measure concentrations of certain indicator parameters. Statistically significant
increases (SSI) in these indicators trigger groundwater assessment monitoring for hazardous
constituents. Finally, a corrective action program is required if remediation of contaminated
groundwater is necessary.
APPLICABILITY, WAIVERS, AND EXEMPTIONS
The groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements in Part 258, Subpart E, apply to
all MSWLFs, except in two instances. First, as a result of the LDFPA, MSWLF units meeting
the small landfill exemption in §258.1(f) are exempt from the groundwater monitoring
requirements in Subpart E. Second, the Director of an approved state may waive the
groundwater monitoring requirements if the owner and operator can demonstrate that there is no
potential for migration of hazardous constituents into the uppermost aquifer during the unit's
active life and the post-closure care period (§258.50(b)). A qualified groundwater scientist, as
defined in §258.50(g), must certify the demonstration.
SCHEDULE OF COMPLIANCE
Once established, groundwater monitoring must be conducted throughout the active life and
post-closure care period of the MSWLF unit. While new units must be in compliance with the
groundwater monitoring requirements prior to accepting waste, the compliance date in
unapproved states for each existing landfill depends on its distance from a drinking water intake,
as shown in Figure 2.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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14 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
Figure 2
GROUNDWATER MONITORING COMPLIANCE DEADLINES
FOR UNAPPROVED STATES
Proximity of an Existing MSWLF
to a Drinking Water Intake
Less than one mile
More than one mile, but less than two
miles
More than two miles
Groundwater Monitoring Compliance
Date
October 9, 1994
(§258.50(c)(l))
October 9, 1995
(§258.50(c)(2))
October 9, 1996
(§258.50(c)(3))
In states with approved programs, the Director may establish an alternative groundwater
monitoring schedule of compliance for existing MSWLF units and lateral expansions
(258.50(d)). In developing this compliance schedule, the Director of an approved state should
consider certain risk factors: the proximity of receptors; the size, age, and design of the unit;
types and quantities of wastes disposed; and the resource value of the underlying aquifer.
The resulting schedule must ensure that, excluding units not subject to the groundwater
monitoring requirements, at least 50 percent of the existing MSWLF units in the state are in
compliance by October 9, 1994, and that all such existing units in the state are in compliance by
October 9, 1996. The Director of an approved state may also establish alternative schedules for
Subpart E notification, sampling, assessment, and recordkeeping requirements (§258.50(h)).
GENERAL GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
A groundwater monitoring system must be installed to yield samples from the uppermost aquifer
that represent both the quality of background groundwater (usually from an upgradient well) and
the extent of groundwater contamination at the waste management unit boundary (from
downgradient wells). Each time groundwater is sampled, the owner and operator must determine
the rate and direction of groundwater flow and measure the water elevation in each well.
The number, spacing, and depths of monitoring wells depend on site-specific characteristics such
as aquifer thickness and groundwater flow rate and direction. Unless approved by the Director
of an approved state, these system specifications must be certified by a qualified groundwater
scientist (§258.51(d)(2)). In addition, all monitoring well bore holes and other measurement,
sampling, and analytical devices must be operated to meet design specifications for the duration
of the groundwater monitoring program (§258.51(c)).
The Agency recognizes that local conditions can make installation of a monitoring well system
around each landfill unit difficult. In approved states, multiple MSWLF units may share a
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 15
common groundwater monitoring system, provided that sharing the multiple unit system is as
protective of human health and the environment as installing a separate monitoring system for
each unit (§258.5 l(b)).
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM
Consistent sampling and analytical procedures are essential to obtain reliable monitoring results
that accurately measure hazardous constituents and other parameters established in either
detection monitoring or assessment monitoring programs. Each MSWLF's groundwater
monitoring program must be developed to ensure that monitoring results provide an accurate
representation of groundwater quality at both background and downgradient wells. For example,
sampling and analysis programs must include procedures and techniques for sample collection,
sample preservation and shipment, analytical procedures, chain of custody control, and quality
assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures (§258.53(a)).
In evaluating groundwater quality monitoring data, the owner and operator must use one of the
statistical methods in §258.53(g). The selected method, which will be used to identify
statistically significant evidence of groundwater contamination at a monitoring well, must be
appropriate for the type and distribution of chemical constituents detected, or suspected to be
present, in the groundwater (§258.53(h)(l)). The frequency and number of groundwater samples
necessary to establish groundwater quality vary with the statistical method (56 FR 51072;
October 9, 1991).
DETECTION MONITORING PROGRAM
A detection monitoring program includes monitoring for 62 constituents listed in Appendix I of
Part 258 (§258.54(a)). The Director of an approved state may delete any of these monitoring
constituents or establish a list of alternative inorganic indicator parameters in lieu of some or all
of the heavy metals constituents, on a site-specific basis (§258.54(a)(l)).
The owner and operator must monitor for all Appendix I constituents (or alternative parameters)
at least semiannually throughout the facility's active life and post-closure period (§258.54(b)).
The Director of an approved state may allow an alternate frequency, but nothing less than
annually. Detection of any Appendix I constituent at levels significantly higher than background
concentrations requires the owner and operator to notify the State Director of the statistically
significant increase (SSI) (§258.54(c)). Within 90 days after detecting an SSI, the owner and
operator must establish an assessment monitoring program in accordance with §258.55.
Demonstrating that the evidence of contamination resulted from an error (e.g., an error in
sampling, analysis, or statistical evaluation, or a natural variation in groundwater quality), or that
a source other than the MSWLF unit caused the contamination, nullifies the assessment
monitoring requirement. This demonstration allows the owner and operator to continue the
detection monitoring program (§258.54(c)(3)). A qualified groundwater scientist must certify or
the Director of an approved state must approve a report documenting this demonstration. Failure
to make such a demonstration within 90 days triggers the assessment monitoring requirement.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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16 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
ASSESSMENT MONITORING PROGRAM
An assessment monitoring program is implemented when an SSI of hazardous constituent
concentrations over background levels is confirmed. Within 90 days of beginning an assessment
monitoring program, and annually thereafter, the owner and operator must sample and analyze
the groundwater for all Part 258, Appendix II, constituents. If any Appendix II constituent is
detected in a downgradient well, background levels for that constituent must be established
through analysis of at least four independent samples from each well.
The Director of an approved state is authorized to delete any of the Appendix II constituents
from the assessment monitoring program or to specify an appropriate subset of wells to be
sampled and analyzed (§258.55(b)). In addition, the Director may implement an alternative
sampling and analysis frequency for Appendix II constituents based on factors identified in
§258.55(c).
Within 90 days of establishing Appendix II background levels and on at least a semiannual basis
thereafter, the owner and operator must resample for all Appendix I constituents and those
Appendix II constituents detected during the initial phase of assessment monitoring
(§258.55(d)(2)). Again, the Director of an approved state may specify an alternative monitoring
frequency based on consideration of the site factors delineated in §258.55(c).
Groundwater Protection Standard
The MSWLF owner and operator must establish a groundwater protection standard (GWPS) for
each Appendix II constituent detected in the groundwater (§258.55(h)). The GWPS represents
the maximum constituent concentration level permissible in groundwater. This standard must be
based either on the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) MCL for the constituent or, if no MCL
has been established, on the background concentration level at the site. In cases where the
background level is higher than the promulgated MCL for a constituent, the GWPS should be set
at the background level.
In accordance with §258.55(i), the Director of an approved state may establish an alternative
GWPS for constituents that have no established MCLs. When establishing an alternative
standard, the Director may consider multiple contaminants in the groundwater, such as exposure
threats to sensitive environmental receptors and other site-specific factors (e.g., the reliability of
exposure data and the weight of scientific evidence). Any alternative GWPS must satisfy the
health-based criteria set forth in §258.55(i)(l) through (4).
Monitoring Results Determination
The owner and operator may return to detection monitoring only after concentrations of all
Appendix II constituents are shown to be at or below background values for two consecutive
sampling events (§258.55(e)). If the concentration of any Appendix II constituent is detected at
statistically significant levels above the established GWPS, however, the owner and operator
must notify the Director and all appropriate government officials (§258.55(g)). The owner and
operator must then characterize the nature of the release and ascertain whether contaminants
have migrated past the facility boundary, installing additional monitoring wells as necessary. If
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 17
well sampling indicates that contaminants have migrated offsite, all persons who own or reside
on land that directly overlies any part of the plume of contamination must be notified
If the owner and operator are able to make a successful demonstration that a source other than
the MSWLF caused the contamination, or that the SSI resulted from an error, then the owner and
operator may continue assessment monitoring and return to detection monitoring when all
Appendix II constituents are at or below background levels (§258.55(g)(2)). Unless the
demonstration is made within 90 days, the owner and operator must initiate an assessment of
corrective measures (§258.55(g)(l)(iv)).
ASSESSMENT OF CORRECTIVE MEASURES
After exceeding any GWPS, within 90 days the owner and operator must initiate an assessment
of various corrective measures, a process that must be completed within a reasonable period of
time (§258.56(a)). Based on this assessment, the owner and operator must then select a remedy.
Sections 258.56 and 258.57 set forth the criteria for determining what types of potential remedies
to consider and criteria for evaluating each remedy.
When evaluating a potential remedy, the MSWLF owner and operator must assess its long- and
short-term effectiveness and protectiveness, its ability to control the source and minimize further
releases, the ease or difficulty of implementation in light of practical considerations (including
technical and economic factors), and the degree to which it addresses community concerns.
Prior to final selection of a remedy, the unit owner and operator must discuss the results of the
assessment of potential remedies in a public meeting with interested and affected parties
(§258.56(d)).
Per §258.57(e), the Director of an approved state may determine that remediation of a release of
an Appendix II constituent is not necessary based on one of the following demonstrations:
• the groundwater is contaminated by multiple sources and cleanup of the MSWLF release
would provide no significant reduction of risk
• the contaminated groundwater is not a current or potential source of drinking water and is
not hydraulically connected with waters to which hazardous constituents are migrating or
are likely to migrate in a concentration that would exceed the GWPS
• the remediation is not technically feasible or would result in unacceptable cross-media
impacts.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CORRECTIVE ACTION PROGRAM
After the remedy is selected, the MSWLF owner and operator are required to implement the
corrective measure, establish a corrective action groundwater monitoring program, and take any
necessary interim measures (56 FR 5101 1; October 9, 1991). First, a schedule for initiating and
completing all activities associated with implementing the selected remedy must be established.
In accordance with this schedule, the owner and operator must develop and implement the
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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18 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
corrective action groundwater monitoring program to indicate the effectiveness of the selected
remedy, to meet the minimum requirements of the assessment monitoring program, and to
comply with established GWPSs (§258.58(a)(l)).
During implementation of the corrective action remedy, the owner and operator are responsible
for taking any interim measures consistent with the objectives and performance of the remedy
that may be necessary to ensure protection of human health and the environment (§258.58(a)(3)).
Similarly, the owner and operator must implement alternative methods or techniques necessary
to achieve compliance with the minimum standards for any selected remedy set forth in
§258.57(b).
Completion of Corrective Action
Once implemented, remedial activities at the unit must continue until the MSWLF owner and
operator achieve compliance with the established GWPSs for three consecutive years, and
demonstrate that all required actions have been completed (§258.58(e)). The Director of an
approved state may however, specify an alternative period of time for demonstrating compliance
with any GWPS (§258.58(e)(2)). Upon completion of corrective action, the owner and operator
must obtain certification that the remedy is complete and notify the State Director.
2.6 SUBPART F: CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE
MSWLFs not adequately closed and maintained after closure may pose a continuing threat to
human health and the environment. As with hazardous waste facilities, EPA established
requirements for MSWLF closure and post-closure care to address wastes left in place at a
facility may pose a threat even after disposal activities have ceased.
CLOSURE CRITERIA
Closure standards require owners and operators to install a final landfill cover system that is
designed to minimize soil erosion and infiltration of liquids through the cover. The cover's
infiltration layer, consisting of at least 18 inches of earthen material, must be at least as
impermeable as any bottom liner system or natural subsoils, but in no case may the permeability
be greater than 1x10-5 cm/sec. While this standard does not explicitly require the use of a
synthetic membrane in the final cover, the Agency anticipates that if a MSWLF has a synthetic
membrane in the bottom of the unit, then the infiltration layer in the final cover will, in all
likelihood given today's technologies, include a synthetic membrane in the final cover. The
erosion layer must be a minimum of six inches of earthen material that can sustain native plant
growth. The Director of an approved state may allow an alternative final cover design if the
cover layers provide equivalent reduction of infiltration and protection from wind and water
erosion.
Section 258.60(a) was revised on July 29, 1997, to provide additional flexibility to approved
states, allowing the Director of an approved state, after public review and comment, to establish
alternative infiltration barriers in the final cover for any small MSWLF (62 FR 40708). This
provision is contingent on the Director accounting for climatic and hydrogeologic conditions and
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 19
a determination that the alternative requirements are protective of human health and the
environment.
CLOSURE PLAN
The owner and operator must prepare a written closure plan describing the measures necessary to
close each MSWLF unit at a facility at any point during the unit's active life (§258.60(c)). The
closure plan must include at least the following:
• a description of the final cover, and the methods and procedures used to install the cover
an estimate of the largest area of the MSWLF that may ever require a final cover during
the unit's active life
• an estimate of the maximum inventory of wastes maintained on site during the active life
of the landfill facility
• a schedule for completing all activities necessary to satisfy the closure criteria specified
in §258.60.
ONSET AND COMPLETION OF CLOSURE ACTIVITIES
Subpart F specifies a closure timetable for MSWLFs. In general, no later than 30 days after a
MSWLF unit receives the final volume of waste, the owner and operator must begin closure
activities (§258.60(f)). A unit with remaining capacity may receive additional wastes and is
allowed one year following the most recent receipt of wastes to initiate closure activities. After
closure begins, all closure activities must be completed within 180 days (§258.60(g)). Finally,
the owner and operator must obtain either an independent registered professional engineer's
certification or a Director of an approved state's approval verifying that closure has been
completed in accordance with the established closure plan (§258.60(h)). In approved states,
deadlines for closure activities may be extended.
POST-CLOSURE CARE REQUIREMENTS
Post-closure care entails a 30-year period after closure during which the owner and operator
must conduct monitoring and maintenance activities to preserve the integrity of a MSWLF
system. The purpose of post-closure care is to ensure that landfills are closed in a manner that
controls, minimizes, or eliminates the escape of waste, leachate, contaminated rainfall, or waste
decomposition products to soils, waters, and the atmosphere. Post-closure care requires
maintaining the following:
• the integrity and effectiveness of all final covers
• the leachate collection system, in accordance with §258.40
• the applicable groundwater monitoring system, in accordance with Subpart E
requirements
• the methane gas monitoring system required by §258.23.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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20 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
In an approved state, the Director can modify the length of post-closure care as necessary to
protect human health and the environment (§258.61(b)).
In addition to the closure plan, the owner and operator must prepare a written post-closure plan
that provides a description of monitoring and maintenance activities, information identifying the
facility contact for the post-closure period, and a description of the planned uses of the property
during the post-closure period. Pursuant to §258.61(c)(3), any planned uses must not disturb
either the integrity of the final covers and liners or the function or components of the monitoring
and containment systems.
Following completion of the post-closure care period for each MSWLF unit, the owner and
operator must obtain either certification of post-closure by an independent registered
professional engineer or verification of completion of post-closure care activities by the Director
of an approved state. The certification or approval must indicate that post-closure care has been
completed in accordance with the post-closure plan (§258.61(e)).
2.7 SUBPART G: FINANCIAL ASSURANCE CRITERIA
The Part 258, Subpart G, financial assurance criteria require demonstration of responsibility for
the costs of closure, post-closure care, and known corrective action. EPA believes that
compliance with these requirements will help ensure responsible planning for future costs.
Adequate funds must be available to hire a third party to carry out all necessary closure, post-
closure care, and known corrective action activities in the event that the owner and operator
declare bankruptcy or lack the technical expertise to complete the required activities (56 FR
51110; October 9, 1991).
APPLICABILITY AND EFFECTIVE DATE
Except for state and federal government entities, owners and operators of all new and existing
units and lateral expansions must be in compliance with the MSWLF financial assurance
requirements by April 9, 1997 (§258.70(b)). Local governments and Indian tribes are subject to
the Subpart G criteria. Small landfills that qualify for the small landfill exemption under
§258. l(f) must be in compliance with financial assurance requirements by October 9, 1997.
COST ESTIMATES
The amount of financial assurance, using acceptable financial mechanisms, must equal the cost
of a third party conducting these activities. To determine these costs each MSWLF owner and
operator must prepare a written, site-specific estimate of the costs of conducting closure, post-
closure care, and known corrective action.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 21
Closure
The owner and operator must calculate a detailed cost estimate for closure based on the largest
area of a MSWLF unit that may ever require a final cover during its active life. The cost
estimate must equal the expense of closing the area when the extent and manner of operation
would make closure most expensive (§258.71(a)(l)).
As stated in §258.71(a)(3), the owner and operator must increase both the closure cost estimate
and the amount of financial assurance maintained if the closure plan is adjusted or if changing
unit conditions (e.g., increases in design capacity) raises the maximum cost of closure. The
closure cost estimate and the amount of financial assurance maintained may also be reduced if,
as a result of changes in facility conditions (e.g., partial closure of a landfill), the existing cost
estimate exceeds the maximum cost of closure during the remaining life of the MSWLF unit.
The owner and operator must document evidence supporting such a reduction.
Post-Closure Care
The financial assurance requirements for post-closure are similar to the requirements for closure
of MSWLF units. The owner and operator must have a detailed, site-specific written estimate of
the cost of hiring a third party to conduct post-closure care for the MSWLF unit (§258.72). This
cost estimate must account for the total costs of conducting post-closure care, including annual
and periodic costs described in the post-closure plan. Post-closure care cost estimates must be
based on the most expensive costs during the post-closure care period (§258.72(a)(l)). As with
closure cost estimates, changes in facility conditions or the post-closure plan may require the
owner and operator to modify the post-closure care cost estimate and the amount of financial
assurance.
Corrective Action
In accordance with §258.73, the owner and operator of a MSWLF unit required to undertake
corrective action per §258.58 must have a detailed, site-specific written estimate of the cost of
hiring a third party to perform corrective action for known releases. The corrective action cost
estimate must account for the total expense of activities described in the corrective action plan.
Again, the corrective action cost estimate and amount of financial assurance must increase or
decrease in response to changes in either the corrective action program or MSWLF unit
conditions.
Adjustments for Inflation
Due to changes in inflation and interest rates, cost estimates must be annually adjusted for
inflation (§§258.71(a)(2), 258.72(a)(2), and 258.73(a)(l)). Updated cost estimates must account
for added inflationary costs to ensure that adequate funds will be available if needed (56 FR
51111; October 9, 1991). The Subtitle C financial assurance provisions offer guidance on
adjusting cost estimates using an inflation factor based on the implicit price deflator. Review the
module entitled Financial Assurance for explanations of the terms and concepts in this section.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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22 - Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria
ALLOWABLE MECHANISMS
The mechanisms used to demonstrate financial assurance must ensure that the funds necessary to
meet the costs of closure, post-closure care, and known corrective action will be available when
needed. Owners and operators may use any of the following financial mechanisms:
• trust fund (§258.74(a))
• surety bonds guaranteeing payment or performance (§258.74(b))
• letter of credit (§258.74(c))
• insurance (§258.74(d))
corporate financial test (§258.74(e))
• local government financial test (§258.74(f))
corporate guarantee (§258.74(g))
• local government guarantee (§258.74(h))
• state-approved mechanism (§258.74(i))
• state assumption of financial responsibility (§258.74(j)).
In addition, the Agency expects to add financial tests and guarantees as allowable mechanisms
for corporations to demonstrate financial assurance.
The performance standard in §258.74(1) requires that approved financial assurance mechanisms
satisfy the following criteria:
• The amount of funds assured is sufficient to cover the costs of closure, post-closure care,
and corrective action for known releases when needed.
• The funds will be available in a timely fashion when needed.
The mechanisms for closure and post-closure care must be established by the owner and
operator by the effective date of these requirements or prior to the initial receipt of solid
waste, whichever is later. The mechanisms for corrective action must be secured no later
than 120 days after the corrective action remedy has been selected pursuant to §258.58,
and maintained until the owner and operator are released from financial assurance
responsibilities.
The mechanisms must be legally valid, binding, and enforceable under state and federal
law.
In approved states, the owner and operator may satisfy the Subpart G requirements using a state-
approved mechanism. Such an alternative financial mechanism must meet the criteria specified
in the performance standard and be approved by the Director of an approved state (§258.74(i)).
Furthermore, the owner and operator will remain in compliance with the financial assurance
requirements if the Director either assumes legal responsibility for the Subpart G requirements or
ensures that funds will be available from state sources to cover these requirements (§258.74(j)).
Any such state assumption of financial responsibility must satisfy the performance standard.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria - 23
Finally, as with Subtitle C financial assurance, nothing precludes the MSWLF owner and
operator from combining multiple financial mechanisms to satisfy the Subpart G requirements
(§258.74(k)). The mechanisms must comply with all applicable requirements specified in
§258.74(a) through (j), except that the combination of mechanisms, rather than any individual
mechanism, must provide financial assurance for an amount at least equal to the current cost
estimate for closure, post-closure care, or corrective action.
The information in this document is not by any means a complete representation of EPA's regulations or policies,
but is an introduction to the topic used for training purposes.
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Enforcement and EPA 300-B-00-016
Compliance Assurance December 2000
(2221-A)
Protocol for Conducting
Environmental Compliance
Audits for Municipal
Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
EPA Office of Compliance
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Notice
The statements in this document are intended solely as guidance to aid regulated entities in complying with the
regulations. The guidance is not a substitute for reading the regulations and understanding all the requirements as it
applies to your facility. This guidance does not constitute rulemaking by the U.S. EPA and may not be relied on to
create a substantive or procedural right or benefit enforceable, at law or in equity, by any person. U.S. EPA may
decide to update this guide without public notice to reflect changes in U.S. EPA's approach to implementing the
regulations or to clarify and update text. To determine whether U.S. EPA has revised this document and/or to obtain
copies, contact U.S. EPA's Center for Environmental Publications at 1(800) 490-9198. Additional information
regarding U.S. EPA Hotlines and further assistance pertaining to the specific rules discussed in this document can be
found at the end of the Key Compliance Requirements located in Section II. The contents of this document reflect
regulations issued as of November 6,2000.
Acknowledgments
U.S. EPA would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction
Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for providing suggestions for overall format of this document. The Office
of Compliance at U.S. EPA gratefully acknowledges the contribution of U.S. EPA's program offices and the U.S.
EPA's Office of Counsel in reviewing and providing comment on this document.
iThis document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Table of Contents
Notice inside cover
Acknowledgment inside cover
Section 1: Introduction
Background ii
Who Should Use These Protocols? ii
U.S. EPA's Public Policies that Support Environmental Auditing iii
How To Use the Protocols iv
The Relationship of Auditing to Environmental Management Systems vii
Section II: Audit Protocol
Applicability 1
Review of Federal Legislation 1
State and Local Regulations 1
Key Compliance Requirements 2
Key Terms and Definitions 4
Typical Records to Review 29
Typical Physical Features to Inspect 29
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 30
Index for Checklist Users 33
Checklist 35
Appendices
Appendix A: Designated Toxic Pollutants Al
Appendix B: Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Land Application Bl
Appendix C: Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Surface Disposal and Incineration Cl
Appendix D: User Satisfaction Questionnaire and Comment Form Dl
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Section I
Introduction
Background
The Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is responsible for ensuring that businesses and organizations
comply with federal laws that protect the public health and the environment. U.S. EPA's Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance (OECA) has begun combining traditional enforcement activities with more innovative
compliance approaches including the provision of compliance assistance to the general public. U.S. EPA's Office of
Compliance Assistance was established in 1994 to focus on compliance assistance-related activities. U.S. EPA is
also encouraging the development of serf-assessment programs at individual facilities. Voluntary audit programs
play an important role in helping companies meet their obligation to comply with environmental requirements. Such
assessments can be a critical link, not only to improved compliance, but also to improvements in other aspects of an
organization's performance. For example, environmental audits may identify pollution prevention opportunities that
can substantially reduce an organization's operating costs. Environmental audits can also serve as an important
diagnostic tool in evaluating a facility's overall environmental management system or EMS.
U.S. EPA is developing 13 multi-media Environmental Audit Protocols to assist and encourage businesses and
organizations to perform environmental audits and disclose violations in accordance with OECA's Audit and Small
Business Policies. The audit protocols are also intended to promote consistency among regulated entities when
conducting environmental audits and to ensure that audits are conducted in a thorough and comprehensive manner.
The protocols provide detailed regulatory checklists that can be customized to meet specific needs under the
following primary environmental management areas:
• Generation of RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Treatment Storage and
Disposal of RCRA
Hazardous Waste
• EPCRA
• CERCLA
• Safe Drinking Water Act
• Managing Nonhazardous
Solid Waste
Clean Air Act
TSCA
Pesticides Management
(FIFRA)
RCRA Regulated Storage
Tanks
• Clean Water Act
• Universal Waste and Used Oil
• Management of Toxic
Substances (e.g., PCBs, lead-
based paint, and asbestos)
Who Should Use These Protocols?
U.S. EPA has developed these audit protocols to provide regulated entities with specific guidance in periodically
evaluating their compliance with federal environmental requirements. The specific application of this particular
protocol, in terms of which media or functional area it applies to, is described in Section II under "Applicability".
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
The Audit Protocols are designed for use by individuals who are already familiar with the federal regulations but
require an updated comprehensive regulatory checklist to conduct environmental compliance audits at regulated
facilities. Typically, compliance audits are performed by persons who are not necessarily media or legal experts but
instead possess a working knowledge of the regulations and a familiarity with the operations and practices of the
facility to be audited. These two basic skills are a prerequisite for adequately identifying areas at the facility subject
to environmental regulations and potential regulatory violations that subtract from the organizations environmental
performance. With these basic skills, audits can be successfully conducted by persons with various educational
backgrounds (e.g., engineers, scientists, lawyers, business owners or operators). These protocols are not intended to
be a substitute for the regulations nor are they intended to be instructional to an audience seeking a primer on the
requirements under Title 40; however, they are designed to be sufficiently detailed to support the auditor's efforts.
The term "Protocol" has evolved over the years as a term of art among the professional practices of auditing and
refers to the actual working document used by auditors to evaluate facility conditions against a given set of criteria
(in this case the federal regulations). Therefore these documents describe "what" to audit a facility for rather than
"how" to conduct an audit. To optimize the effective use of these documents, you should become familiar with basic
environmental auditing practices. For more guidance on how to conduct environmental audits, U.S. EPA refers
interested parties to two well known organizations: The Environmental Auditing Roundtable (EAR) and the Institute
for Environmental Auditing (IEA).
Environmental Health and Safety Auditing Roundtable The Institute for Environmental Auditing
35888 Mildred Avenue Box 23686
North Ridgeville, Ohio 44039 L'Enfant Plaza Station
(216) 327-6605 Washington, DC 20026-3686
U.S. EPA's Public Policies that Support Environmental Auditing
In 1986, in an effort to encourage the use of environmental auditing, U.S. EPA published its "Environmental
Auditing Policy Statement" (see 51 FR 25004). The 1986 audit policy states that "it is U.S. EPA policy to
encourage the use of environmental auditing by regulated industries to help achieve and maintain compliance with
environmental laws and regulation, as well as to help identify and correct unregulated environmental hazards." In
addition, U.S. EPA defined environmental auditing as "a systematic, documented, periodic, and objective review of
facility operations and practices related to meeting environmental requirements." The policy also identified several
objectives for environmental audits:
• verifying compliance with environmental requirements,
• evaluating the effectiveness of in-place environmental management systems, and
• assessing risks from regulated and unregulated materials and practices.
In 1986, in an effort to encourage the use of environmental auditing, EPA published its "Environmental Auditing
Policy Statement" (see 51 FR 25004). The 1986 audit policy states that "it is EPA policy to encourage the use of
environmental auditing by regulated industries to help achieve and maintain compliance with environmental laws and
regulation, as well as to help identify and correct unregulated environmental hazards." In addition, EPA defined
environmental auditing as "a systematic, documented, periodic, and objective review of facility operations and
practices related to meeting environmental requirements." The policy also identified several objectives for
environmental audits:
• verifying compliance with environmental requirements,
• evaluating the effectiveness of in-place environmental management systems, and
• assessing risks from regulated and unregulated materials and practices.
In 1995, EPA published "Incentives for Serf-Policing: Discovery, Disclosure, Correction and Prevention of
Violations" - commonly known as the EPA Audit Policy - which both reaffirmed and expanded the Agency's 1986
audit policy (see 60 FR 66706 December 22, 1995). The 1995 audit policy offered major incentives for entities to
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
discover, disclose and correct environmental violations. On April 11, 2000, EPA issued a revised final Audit Policy
that replaces the 1995 Audit Policy (65 FR 19,617). The April 11, 2000 revision maintains the basic structure and
terms of the 1995 Audit Policy while lengthening the prompt disclosure period to 21 days, clarifying some of its
language (including the applicability of the Policy in the acquisitions context), and conforming its provisions to
actual EPA practices. The revised audit policy continues the Agency's general practice of waiving or substantially
mitigating gravity-based civil penalties for violations discovered through an environmental audit or through a
compliance management system, provided the violations are promptly disclosed and corrected and that all of the
Policy conditions are met. On the criminal side, the revised policy continues the Agency's general practice of not
recommending that criminal charges be brought against entities that disclose violations that are potentially criminal
in nature, provided the entity meets all of the policy's conditions. The policy safeguards human health and the
environment by precluding relief for violations that cause serious environmental harm or may have presented an
imminent and substantial endangerment. The audit policy is available on the Internet at www.epa.gov/auditpol.html.
In 1996, EPA issued its "Policy on Compliance Incentives for Small Businesses" which is commonly called the
"Small Business Policy" (see 61 FR 27984 June 3, 1996). The Small Business Policy was intended to promote
environmental compliance among small businesses by providing them with special incentives to participate in
government sponsored on-site compliance assistance programs or conduct environmental audits. EPA will eliminate
or reduce penalties for small businesses that voluntarily discover, promptly disclose, and correct violations in a
timely manner.
On April 11, 2000, EPA issued its revised final Small Business Policy (see 65 FR 19630) to expand the options
allowed under the 1996 policy for discovering violations and to establish a time period for disclosure. The major
changes contained in the April 11, 2000 Small Business Policy revision include lengthening the prompt disclosure
period from 10 to 21 calendar days and broadening the applicability of the Policy to violations uncovered by small
businesses through any means of voluntary discovery. This broadening of the Policy takes advantage of the wide
range of training, checklists, mentoring, and other activities now available to small businesses through regulatory
agencies, private organizations, and the Internet.
More information on EPA's Small Business and Audit/Self-Disclosure Policies are available by contacting
EPA's Enforcement and Compliance Docket and Information Center at (202) 564-2614 or visiting the EPA
web site at: http://www.epa.gov/oeca/ccsmd/profile.html.
How to Use The Protocols
Each protocol provides guidance on key requirements, defines regulatory terms, and gives an overview of the federal
laws affecting a particular environmental management area. They also include a checklist containing detailed
procedures for conducting a review of facility conditions. The audit protocols are designed to support a wide range
of environmental auditing needs; therefore several of the protocols in this set or sections of an individual protocol
may not be applicable to a particular facility. To provide greater flexibility, each audit protocol can be obtained
electronically from the U.S. EPA Website (www.epa.gov/oeca/ccsmd/profile.html). The U.S. EPA Website offers
the protocols in a word processing format which allows the user to custom-tailor the checklists to more specific
environmental aspects associated with the facility to be audited.
The protocols are not intended to be an exhaustive set of procedures; rather they are meant to inform the auditor,
about the degree and quality of evaluation essential to a thorough environmental audit. U.S. EPA is aware that other
audit approaches may also provide an effective means of identifying and assessing facility environmental status and
in developing corrective actions.
It is important to understand that there can be significant overlap within the realm of the federal regulations. For
example, the Department of Transportation (DOT) has established regulations governing the transportation of
hazardous materials. Similarly, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under the U.S.
Department of Labor has promulgated regulations governing the protection of workers who are exposed to hazardous
chemicals. There can also be significant overlap between federal and state environmental regulations. In fact, state
programs that implement federally mandated programs may contain more stringent requirements that are not
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory iv
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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included in these protocols. There can also be multiple state agencies regulating the areas covered in these
protocols. The auditor also should determine which regulatory agency has authority for implementing an
environmental program so that the proper set of regulations is consulted. Prior to conducting the audit, the auditor
should review federal, state and local environmental requirements and expand the protocol, as required, to include
other applicable requirements not included in these documents.
Review of Federal Legislation and Key Compliance Requirements:
These sections are intended to provide only supplementary information or a "thumbnail sketch" of the regulations
and statutes. These sections are not intended to function as the main tool of the protocol (this is the purpose of the
checklist). Instead, they serve to remind the auditor of the general thrust of the regulation and to scope out facility
requirements covered by that particular regulation. For example, a brief paragraph describing record keeping and
reporting requirements and the associated subpart citations will identify and remind the auditor of a specific area of
focus at the facility. This allows the auditor to plan the audit properly and to identify key areas and documents
requiring review and analysis.
State and Local Regulations:
Each U.S. EPA Audit Protocol contains a section alerting the auditor to typical issues addressed in state and local
regulations concerning a given topic area (e.g., RCRA and used oil). From a practical standpoint, U.S. EPA cannot
present individual state and local requirements in the protocols. However, this section does provide general
guidance to the auditor regarding the division of statutory authority between U.S. EPA and the states over a specific
media. This section also describes circumstances where states and local governments may enact more stringent
requirements that go beyond the federal requirements.
U.S. EPA cannot overemphasize how important it is for the auditor to take under consideration the impact of state
and local regulations on facility compliance. U.S. EPA has delegated various levels of authority to a majority of the
states for most of the federal regulatory programs including enforcement. For example, most facilities regulated
under RCRA, and/or CWA have been issued permits written by the states to ensure compliance with federal and state
regulations. In turn, many states may have delegated various levels of authority to local jurisdictions. Similarly,
local governments (e.g., counties, townships) may issue permits for air emissions from the facility. Therefore,
auditors are advised to review local and state regulations in addition to the federal regulations in order to perform a
comprehensive audit.
Key Terms and Definitions:
This section of the protocol identifies terms of art used in the regulations and the checklists that are listed in the
"Definitions" sections of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). It is important to note that not alldefinitions from
the CFR may be contained in this section, however; those definitions which are commonly repeated in the checklists
or are otherwise critical to an audit process are included. Wherever possible, we have attempted to list these
definitions as they are written in the CFR and not to interpret their meaning outside of the regulations.
The Checklists:
The checklists delineate what should be evaluated during an audit. The left column states either a requirement
mandated by regulation or a good management practice that exceeds the requirements of the federal regulations.
The right column gives instructions to help conduct the evaluation. These instructions are performance objectives
that should be accomplished by the auditor. Some of the performance objectives may be simple documentation
checks that take only a few minutes; others may require a time-intensive physical inspection of a facility. The
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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checklists contained in these protocols are (and must be) sufficiently detailed to identify any area of the company or
organization that would potentially receive a notice of violation if compliance is not achieved. For this reason, the
checklists often get to a level of detail such that a specific paragraph of the subpart (e.g., 40 CFR262.34(a)(l)(i))
contained in the CFR is identified for verification by the auditor. The checklists contain the following components:
"Regulatory Requirement or Management Practice Column"
The "Regulatory Requirement or Management Practice Column" states either a requirement mandated by
regulation or a good management practice that exceeds the requirements of the federal regulations. The
regulatory citation is given in parentheses after the stated requirement. Good management practices are
distinguished from regulatory requirements in the checklist by the acronym (MP) and are printed in italics.
"Reviewer Checks" Column:
The items under the "Reviewer Checks:" column identify requirements that must be verified to accomplish
the auditor's performance objectives. (The key to successful compliance auditing is to verify and document
site observations and other data.) The checklists follow very closely with the text in the CFR in order to
provide the service they are intended to fulfill (i.e., to be used for compliance auditing). However, they are
not a direct recitation of the CFR. Instead they are organized into more of a functional arrangement (e.g.,
record keeping and reporting requirements vs. technical controls) to accommodate an auditor's likely
sequence of review during the site visit. Wherever possible, the statements or items under the "Reviewer
Checks" column, will follow the same sequence or order of the citations listed at the end of the statement in
the "Regulatory Requirement" column.
"NOTE:" Statements
"Note:" statements contained in the checklists serve several purposes. They usually are distinguished from
"Verify" statements to alert the auditor to exceptions or conditions that may affect requirements or to
referenced standards that are not part of Title 40 (e.g., American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
standards). They also may be used to identify options that the regulatory agency may choose in interacting
with the facility (e.g, permit reviews) or options the facility may employ to comply with a given
requirement.
Checklist Numbering System:
The checklists also have a unique numbering system that allows the protocols to be more easily updated by
topic area (e.g., RCRA Small Quantity Generator). Each topic area in turn is divided into control breaks to
allow the protocol to be divided and assigned to different teams during the audit. This is why blank pages
may appear in the middle of the checklists. Because of these control breaks, there is intentional repetition
of text (particularly "Note" Statements) under the "Reviewer Checks" column to prevent oversight of key
items by the audit team members who may be using only a portion of the checklist for their assigned area.
Environmental regulations are continually changing both at the federal and state level. For this reason, it is
important for environmental auditors to determine if any new regulations have been issued since the publication of
each protocol document and, if so, amend the checklists to reflect the new regulations. Auditors may become aware
of new federal regulations through periodic review of Federal Register notices as well as public information bulletins
from trade associations and other compliance assistance providers. In addition, U.S. EPA offers information on new
regulations, policies and compliance incentives through several Agency Websites. Each protocol provides specific
information regarding U.S. EPA program office websites and hotlines that can be accessed for regulatory and policy
updates.
U.S. EPA will periodically update these audit protocols to ensure their accuracy and quality. Future updates of the
protocols will reflect not only the changes in federal regulations but also public opinion regarding the usefulness of
these documents. Accordingly, the Agency would like to obtain feedback from the public regarding the format, style
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory vi
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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and general approach used for the audit protocols. The last appendix in each protocol document contains a user
satisfaction survey and comment form. This form is to be used by U.S. EPA to measure the success of this tool and
future needs for regulatory checklists and auditing materials.
The Relationship of Auditing to Environmental Management Systems
An environmental auditing program is an integral part of any organization's environmental management system
(EMS). Audit findings generated from the use of these protocols can be used as a basis to implement, upgrade, or
benchmark environmental management systems. Regular environmental auditing can be the key element to a high
quality environmental management program and will function best when an organization identifies the "root causes"
of each audit finding. Root causes are the primary factors that lead to noncompliance events. For example a
violation of a facility's wastewater discharge permit may be traced back to breakdowns in management oversight,
information exchange, or inadequate evaluations by untrained facility personnel.
As shown in Figure 1, a typical approach to auditing involves three basic steps: conducting the audit, identifying
problems (audit findings), and fixing identified deficiencies. When the audit process is expanded, to identify and
correct root causes to noncompliance, the organization's corrective action part of its EMS becomes more effective.
In the expanded model, audit findings (exceptions) undergo a root cause analysis to identify underlying causes to
noncompliance events. Management actions are then taken to correct the underlying causes behind the audit findings
and improvements are made to the organizations overall EMS before another audit is conducted on the facility.
Expanding the audit process allows the organization to successfully correct problems, sustain compliance, and
prevent discovery of the same findings again during subsequent audits. Furthermore, identifying the root cause of an
audit finding can mean identifying not only the failures that require correction but also successful practices that
promote compliance and prevent violations. In each case a root cause analysis should uncover the failures while
promoting the successes so that an organization can make continual progress toward environmental excellence.
Figure 1 - Expanded Corrective Action Model
Audit
t
N
Improve
Environmental
Mgmt. System
Effectiveness
^
\|
—
Identify
Problems
1
Fix
Problems
Develop Actions
to Correct
Underlying
Causes
—
Analyze
Exceptions
for
Cause/Effect
1
Group Findings
for Common
Causes
1
Examine each
Group for
Underlying
Causes
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
vn
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory vui
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Section II
Audit Protocols
Applicability
This protocol applies to municipal facilities that discharge wastewater directly to waters of the United States or that
prepare and dispose of sewage sludge. Note: A state or federal permit sets the conditions and effluent limitations on
a facility's discharge(s). The auditor will need to develop specific checklist items pertaining to the conditions and
requirements in the applicable permit.
For additional wastewater related requirements, refer to the following U.S. EPA Audit Protocols:
• Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under the Clean Air Act Volume I (This
volume includes Standards of Performance for Sewage Treatment Plants, 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart O):
• Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Industrial Facilities under U.S. EPA
Wastewater Regulations; and
• Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under the Storm Water Program.
Not all checklist items contained in this document will be applicable to a particular facility. Guidance is provided on
the checklist to direct the auditor to the regulations typically applicable to the types of activities identified above. In
addition to the federal regulations, there are numerous environmental regulatory requirements administered by
federal, state, and local governments. Each level of government may have a major impact on areas at the facility that
are subject to the audit. Therefore, auditors are advised to review all federal, state and local permits and regulations
in order to perform a comprehensive audit.
Federal Legislation
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act
This act, commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended February 4, 1987, 33 U.S. Code (USC)
1251-1387, Public Law (PL) 100-4, governs the control of water pollution in the nation. The act's primary objective
is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's surface waters. The CWA
regulates "priority" pollutants, including various toxic pollutants; "conventional" pollutants, such as biochemical
oxygen demand, total suspended solids, fecal coliform, oil and grease, and pH; and "non-conventional" pollutants,
including any pollutant not identified as either conventional or priority.
State/Local Regulations
States typically have wastewater discharge legislation and regulations that require permitting similar to permits under
the CWA's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. The U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) may authorize a state to administer the NPDES program for discharges within that
state. Some States do not administer the NPDES program and will issue a state permit instead, even though U.S.
EPA has issued an NPDES permit. The states and U.S. EPA normally cooperate in the permit issuance process to
ensure that the two permits are consistent. However, there may be differences in monitoring requirements and the
number of pollutants limited. These requirements normally do not conflict, but may require additional sampling and
reporting.
States may have more stringent requirements for wastewater treatment plant operations. Many states have
wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) operator licensing and certification programs that require that and operator
pass an exam and have a required amount of experience.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Local entities (cities, counties, special districts) may also have enforceable wastewater discharge limitations, known
as 'local limits," that regulate discharges to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW). Local limitations often
include pH, temperature, and concentration of various organic and inorganic compounds. Major industrial
operations which discharge to an offsite POTW will be subject to pretreatment permits issued by the POTW, state,
or by U.S. EPA as appropriate.
Key Compliance Requirements
NPDES Permits
The CWA regulates both direct and indirect discharges. The NPDES program (CWA Section 402) controls direct
discharges into navigable waters. Direct discharges or "point source" discharges are from such sources as pipes and
sewers. These include discharges of municipal wastewater, as well as storm water conveyed through a municipal
separate storm water system. A municipality may have several different types of sources whose discharges are
controlled by its NPDES permit including a wastewater treatment plant, combined sewer overflow, municipal storm
water discharge, and an emerging area, sanitary sewer overflow.
NPDES permits, issued by either U.S. EPA or an authorized state (U.S. EPA has authorized 43 states and the U.S.
Virgin Islands to administer the NPDES program), contain technology-based and/or water quality-based limits and
establish pollutant monitoring requirements. Each municipality that intends to discharge into the nation's waters
must obtain a permit prior to initiating its discharge. A permit applicant must provide quantitative analytical data
identifying the types of pollutants present in the facility's effluent. The permit then sets the conditions and effluent
limitations on the facility discharges.
An NPDES permit may also include discharge limits based on federal or state water quality criteria or standards that
were designed to protect designated uses of surface waters, such as supporting aquatic life or recreation. These
standards, unlike the technological standards, generally do not take into account technological feasibility or costs.
Water quality criteria and standards vary from state to state and from site to site, depending on the use classification
of the receiving water body. Most states follow U.S. EPA guidelines, which propose aquatic life and human health
criteria for many of the 126 priority pollutants.
Local governments that own and operate wastewater treatment plants are required to apply for and obtain an NPDES
permit. Permittees are required to manage and maintain their operations according to the parameters of the permit.
This management includes: taking sample and measurements, maintaining records of results and data submitted to
the permitting authority, and reporting noncompliance (40 CFR 122).
Combined Sewer Systems
U.S. EPA's 1994 Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control Policy provides recommended NPDES permit
conditions for municipalities with combined sewer systems. These provisions, which are typically implemented by
the permitting authority, include requirements for meeting the nine minimum controls to reduce the frequency and
water quality impacts of CSO events and to establish a long-term control plan to address capital improvements to the
system. Local governments that operate and maintain a combined collection system must abide by these
requirements, which are included as part of the NPDES permit.
Sanitary Sewer Overflows
Sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) are discharges of untreated sewage from a separate sanitary sewer collection
system prior to the headworks of a sewage treatment plant. These systems are designed to collect and convey
sewage from households and businesses and wastewater from industries to sewage treatment plants, for treatment in
accordance with CWA requirements prior to discharge to waters of the United States. SSO discharges to water of
the United States are prohibited by the CWA unless authorized by a NPDES permit.
Storm Water Discharges.
In 1987, Congress amended the CWA and required U.S. EPA to establish a program to address storm water
discharges. In response, U.S. EPA promulgated the NPDES storm water regulations. Implemented in two phases,
the first phase requires local governments that operate large (serving a population greater than 250,000) or medium
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 2
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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(serving a population from 100,000 to 250,000) municipal separate storm water systems to apply for and obtain an
NPDES storm water permit. During the second phase, local governments operating regulated small municipal
separate storm water systems are required to submit to U.S. EPA a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered under a
national general storm water permit. For audit checklist items pertaining to these requirements, refer to U.S. EPA's
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under the Storm Water Program (expected publication
in the late 2000 or early 2001).
In addition to requiring storm water permits for collection systems, the CWA may also require local government
operations to obtain or be covered by storm water permits. Such operations may include construction activities (e.g.,
roads, buildings) or storage of chemicals or hazardous materials.
Pretreatment Program
The CWA also regulates discharges to POTWs under the national pretreatment program (CWA Section 307(b)). The
pretreatment program controls the indirect discharge of pollutants to POTWs by "industrial users," and prohibits the
discharge of certain types of pollutants to a POTW. The goals are to protect municipal wastewater treatment plants
from damage that may occur when hazardous, toxic, or other wastes are discharged into a sewer system and to
protect the quality of sludge generated by these plants.
Although discharges to a POTW are regulated primarily by the POTW itself, rather than the state or U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA has developed technology-based standards, known as "categorical pretreatment standards," for certain
industrial users of POTWs. Different standards apply to existing and new sources within each industry category.
For audit checklist items pertaining to selected categorical standards for industrial users, refer to U.S. EPA's
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Industrial Facilities under U.S. EPA 's Wastewater
Regulations).
Local governments that own and operate POTWs must meet the requirements for a pretreatment program under the
CWA. In addition to the categorical standards mentioned above, a POTW develops another kind of pretreatment
standard, "local limits," to assist the POTW in achieving the effluent limitations in its NPDES permit. The program
may include requirements for industrial users to treat waste prior to its discharge to the sanitary sewer and/or to
develop a slug plan. The POTW's pretreatment program must be approved by the Approval Authority (state or U.S.
EPA). In association with the pretreatment program, POTWs are required to develop and implement an enforcement
response plan and maintain a list of significant industrial users (40 CFR 403.12(f)).
Sewage Sludge Management
The CWA and associated regulations govern land application and land disposal of sludge generated from municipal
wastewater treatment. The Section 503 regulations establish provisions for sludge quality, application rates, and
environmental conditions under which land application is permitted. The regulations also specify management
methods, monitoring, and recordkeeping for both disposal and land application facilities. Local governments that
produce sludge from their wastewater treatment operations are subject to the Section 503 regulations.
Land Application of Sewage Sludge
Sludge that is generated during the treatment of domestic sludge in a POTW is required to be managed according to
certain parameters for pathogen control and vector attraction reduction (40 CFR 503.30 through 503.33), pollutant
concentrations, pollutant loading rates, ceiling concentrations, and annual pollutant loading rates for the following
situations:
1. bulk sewage sludge or sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or other container
2. the application of bulk sewage sludge to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site
3. the application of bulk sewage sludge to a lawn or home garden,
4. the application of domestic septage to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site, or
5. the application of sewage sludge to an active sewage sludge unit.
These regulations implement requirements for both the preparation and the application of the sewage sludge and
requirements for monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping (40 CFR 503.10 through 503.18).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge
Active sewage sludge units are subject to operational requirements based on their location and design. Operational
requirements include monitoring the sludge for specific pollutants, runoff management, leachate management,
covering the sludge, and meeting pathogen and vector attraction reduction requirements (40 CFR 503.30 through
503.33). Records are required to be kept on how all of these requirements are met and the results of sampling for 5
yr (40 CFR 503.20 through 503.28).
Incineration of Sewage Sludge
Sewage sludge incinerators are required to meet emissions limitations for beryllium, mercury, hydrocarbons. The
sludge being fed to the incinerator is required to meet specific limitation for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and
nickel. Detailed operational records are required to be kept for 5 yr. Types of information to be maintained include:
the stack emissions, the constituents of the sludge being fed to the incinerator, combustion temperatures, air pollution
control device operating parameters, sewage sludge feed rate, the stack height, the dispersion factor for the site, and
calibration and maintenance logs (40 CFR 503.40 through 503.48).
Key Terms and Definitions
Act
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq., 86 Stat. 816, Pub. L. 92-500 (40 CFR
401.11 and 40 CFR 403.3).
Active Sewage Sludge Unit
A sewage sludge unit that has not closed (40 CFR 503.21).
Administrator
The Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or an authorized representative (40 CFR
122.2 and 40 CFR 401.11).
Aerobic Digestion
The biochemical decomposition of organic matter in sewage sludge into carbon dioxide and water by
microorganisms in the presence of air (40 CFR 503.31).
Agricultural Land
Land on which a food crop, a feed crop, or a fiber crop is grown. This includes range land and land used as pasture
(40CFR503.il).
Agronomic Rate
The whole sludge application rate (dry weight basis) designed (40 CFR 503.11):
1. to provide the amount of nitrogen needed by the food crop, feed crop, fiber crop, cover crop, or vegetation
grown on the land; and
2. to minimize the amount of nitrogen in the sewage sludge that passes below the root zone of the crop or
vegetation grown on the land to the ground water.
Air Pollution Control Device
One or more processes used to treat the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack (40 CFR 503.41).
Anaerobic Digestion
The biochemical decomposition of organic matter in sewage sludge into methane gas and carbon dioxide by
microorganisms in the absence of air (40 CFR 503.31).
Animal Feeding Operation
A lot or facility (other than an aquatic animal production facility) where the following conditions are met (40 CFR
122.23(b)(l) and 122.23(b)(2)):
1. animals (other than aquatic animals) have been, are, or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a
total of 45 days or more in any 12-mo period, and
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 4
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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2. crops, vegetation forage growth, or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over
any portion of the lot or facility.
Two or more animal feeding operations under common ownership are considered, for the purposes of NPDES
regulations, to be a single animal feeding operation if they adjoin each other or if they use a common area or system
for the disposal of wastes.
Annual Pollutant Loading Rate
The maximum amount of a pollutant that can be applied to a unit area of land during a 365-day period (40 CFR
503.11).
Annual Whole Sludge Application Rate
The maximum amount of sewage sludge (dry weight basis) that can be applied to a unit area of land during a 365 day
period (40 CFR 503.11).
Applicable Standards and Limitations
All state, interstate, and federal standards and limitations to which a "discharge," a "sewage sludge use or disposal
practice," or a related activity is subject under the CWA, including "effluent limitations," water quality standards,
standards of performance, toxic effluent standards or prohibitions, "best management practices," pretreatment
standards, and "standards for sewage sludge use or disposal" under sections 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 308, 403
and 405 of CWA (40 CFR 122.2).
Application
The U.S. EPA standard national forms for applying for a permit, including any additions, revisions or modifications
to the forms; or forms approved by U.S. EPA for use in "approved states," including any approved modifications or
revisions (40 CFR 122.2).
Apply Sewage Sludge or Sewage Sludge Applied to the Land
Land application of sewage sludge (40 CFR 503.9(a).
Approval Authority
The Director in an NPDES state with an approved state pretreatment program and the appropriate Regional
Administrator in a non-NPDES state or NPDES state without an approved state pretreatment program (40 CFR
403.3(c)).
Approved POTW Pretreatment Program or Program or POTW Pretreatment Program
A program administered by a POTW that meets the criteria established in this regulation (40 CFR 403.8 and 403.9)
and which has been approved by the U. S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency in accordance with 40 CFR 403.11
of this regulation (40 CFR 403.3(d)).
Approved Program or Approved State
A state or interstate program which has been approved or authorized by U.S. EPA under 40 CFR 123 (40 CFR
122.2).
Aquaculture Project
A defined managed water area which uses discharges of pollutants into that designated area for the maintenance or
production of harvestable freshwater, estuarine, or marine plants or animals (40 CFR 122.25(b)(l)).
Aquifer
A geologic formation, group of geologic formations, or a portion of a geologic formation capable of yielding ground
water to wells or springs (40 CFR 503.21).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Auxiliary Fuel
Fuel used to augment the fuel value of sewage sludge. This includes, but is not limited to, natural gas, fuel oil, coal,
gas generated during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, and municipal solid waste (not to exceed 30 percent of
the dry weight of sewage sludge and auxiliary fuel together). Hazardous wastes are not auxiliary fuel (40 CFR
503.41).
Average Daily Concentration
The arithmetic mean of the concentration of a pollutant in milligrams per kilogram of sewage sludge (dry weight
basis) in the samples collected and analyzed in a month (40 CFR 503.41).
Average Monthly Discharge Limitation
The highest allowable average of "daily discharges" over a calendar month, calculated as the sum of all "daily
discharges" measured during a calendar month divided by the number of "daily discharges" measured during that
month (40 CFR 122.2).
Average Weekly Discharge Limitation
The highest allowable average of "daily discharges" over a calendar week, calculated as the sum of all "daily
discharges" measured during a calendar week divided by the number of "daily discharges" measured during that
week (40 CFR 122.2).
Base Flood
A flood that has a one percent chance of occurring in any given year (i.e., a flood with a magnitude equaled once in
100yr)(40CFR503.9(b)).
Best Management Practices ("BMPs")
Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to
prevent or reduce the pollution of "waters of the United States." BMPs also include treatment requirements,
operating procedures, and practices to control plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or
drainage from raw material storage (40 CFR 122.2).
Blowdown
The minimum discharge of recirculating water for the purpose of discharging materials contained in the water, the
further buildup of which would cause concentration in amounts exceeding limits established by best engineering
practice (40 CFR 401.11).
Bulk Sewage Sludge
Sewage sludge that is not sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land (40 CFR
503.110).
Bypass - the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility (40 CFR 122.41(m)(l)(i)
and 40 CFR 403.17).
Categorical Pretreatment Standard
A standard promulgated by U.S. EPA under 40 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter N (40 CFR 125.58(g)).
Class I Sludge Management Facility
Any POTW identified under 40 CFR 403.8(a) as being required to have an approved pretreatment program
(including such POTWs located in a state that has elected to assume local program responsibilities pursuant to 40
CFR 403.10(e)) and any other treatment works treating domestic sewage classified as a Class I sludge management
facility by the U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency, in the case of approved state programs, because of the
potential for its sludge use or disposal practices to adversely affect public health and the environment (40 CFR
122.2).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Class I Sludge Management Facility
Any publicly owned treatment works (POTW), as defined in 40 CFR 501.2, required to have an approved
pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403. 8(a) (including any POTW located in a State that has elected to assume
local program responsibilities pursuant to 40 CFR 403.10(e)) and any treatment works treating domestic sewage, as
defined in 40 CFR 122.2, classified as a Class I sludge management facility by the U.S. EPA Regional
Administrator, or, in the case of approved State programs, the Regional Administrator in conjunction with the State
Director, because of the potential for its sewage sludge use or disposal practice to affect public health and the
environment adversely (40 CFR 503. 9(c)).
Class A Sewage Sludge
When one of the following methods is used, sludge is considered Class A with respect to pathogens (40 CFR
503.32(a)(3)):
1 . Alternative 1 : Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 most probable
number/gram (MPN/g) of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the sewage
sludge shall be less than 3 MPN/4 g of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or
disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for
application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to
meet the requirements in 40 CFR 503.10(b), 503.10(c), 503.10(e), or 503.10(f).
The temperature of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be maintained at a specific value for a
period of time. When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is 7 percent or higher, the temperature of the
sewage sludge shall be 50 °C or higher; the time period shall be 20 min or longer; and the temperature and time
period shall be determined using the following equation, except when small particles of sewage sludge are
heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid.
131,700,000
D= Fn O\
J-'4 \~)
10 0'1400t
Where, D = time in days and t = temperature in °C.
When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is 7 percent or higher and small particles of sewage sludge are
heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the sewage sludge shall be 50 °C or
higher; the time period shall be 15 s or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using
the above equation.
When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is less than 7 percent and the time period is at least 15s, but less
than 30 min, the temperature and time period shall be determined using the above equation.
When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is less than 7 percent; the temperature of the sewage sludge is 50
°C or higher; and the time period is 30 min or longer, the temperature and time period shall be determined using
the below equation.
50,070,000
D=
10 0'1400t
Where, D = time in days and t = temperature in °C.
2. Alternative 2: Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge is less than 1000 MPN/g of total solids
(dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the sewage sludge shall be less than 3 MPN/4 g
of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge
is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 7
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR 503.10(b),
503.10(c), 503.10(e), or503.10(f).
The pH of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be raised to above 12 and shall remain above 12 for
72 h.
The temperature of the sewage sludge shall be above 52 °C for 12 h or longer during the period that the pH of
the sewage sludge is above 12.
At the end of the 72 h period during which the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12, the sewage sludge shall be
air dried to achieve a percent solids in the sewage sludge greater than 50 percent.
3. Alternative 3: Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 MPN/g of total
solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in sewage sludge shall be less than 3 MPN/4
g of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage
sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the
sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR
503.10(b), 503.10(c), 503.10(e), or503.10(f).
The sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the sewage sludge
contains enteric viruses.
When the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one plaque-
forming unit per 4 g of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to enteric
viruses until the next monitoring episode for the sewage sludge.
When the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than
one plaque-forming unit per 4 g of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to
enteric viruses when the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is less than one
plaque-forming unit per 4g of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values for the
operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the sewage sludge that meets the enteric
virus density requirement are documented.
After the enteric virus reduction is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the sewage sludge
continues to be Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the values for the pathogen treatment process
operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented.
The sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the sewage sludge
contains viable helminth ova.
When the density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than 1 per 4 g
of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova until the next
monitoring episode for the sewage sludge.
When the density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater
than 1 per 4 g of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova
when the density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is less than 1 per 4 g of
total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the
pathogen treatment process that produces the sewage sludge that meets the viable helminth ova density
requirement are documented.
After the viable helminth ova reduction is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the sewage sludge
continues to be Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the values for the pathogen treatment process
operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory g
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
4. Alternative 4: Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 MPN/g of total
solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the sewage sludge shall be less than 3
MPN/4 g of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the
sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the
time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR
503.10(b), 503.10(c), 503.10(e), or503.10(f).
The density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 g of total solids
(dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared
for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or
material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR503.10(b), 503.10(c),
503.10(e), or 503.10(f), unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
The density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1 per 4 g of total solids (dry weight
basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or
give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material
derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR 503.10(b), 503.10(c), 503.10(e), or
503.10(f), unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
5. Alternative 5: Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 MPN/g of total
solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the sewage sludge shall be less than 3
MPN/4 g of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the
sewage sludge is prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the
time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR
503.10(b), 503.10(c), 503.10(e), or503.10(f).
Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens
described in appendix B of 40 CFR 503.
6. Alternative 6: Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 MPN/g of total
solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the sewage sludge shall be less than 3
MPN/4 g of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the
sewage sludge is prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the
time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in 40 CFR
503.10(b), 503.10(c), 503.10(e), or503.10(f).
Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a Process to Further
Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority.
Class B Sewage Sludge
When one of the following methods is used, it is considered Class B with respect to pathogens (40 CFR
503.32(b)(2)):
1. Alternative 1: Seven samples of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be collected. The geometric
mean of the density of fecal coliform in the samples must be less than either 2 million MPN/g of total solids (dry
weight basis) or 2 million colony forming units/g (CFU/g) of total solids (dry weight basis).
2. Alternative 2: Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the processes to significantly
reduce pathogens described in appendix B of 40 CFR 503.
3. Alternative 3: Sewage sludge that is used or disposed is to be treated in a process that is equivalent to a process
to significantly reduce pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority.
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
An animal feeding operation which meets the criteria in appendix B of 40 CFR 122, or which the Director designates
as such (40 CFR 122.23(b)(3)).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 9
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Concentrated Aquatic Animal Production Facility
A hatchery, fish farm, or other facility which meets the criteria in appendix C of 40 CFR 122, or which the Director
designates as such (40 CFR 122.24(b)).
Contaminate an Aquifer
To introduce a substance that causes the maximum contaminant level for nitrate in 40 CFR 141.62(b) to be exceeded
in the ground water or that causes the existing concentration of nitrate in ground water to increase when the existing
concentration of nitrate in the ground water exceeds the maximum contaminant level for nitrate in 40 CFR 141.62(b)
(40 CFR 503.21).
Contiguous Zone
The entire zone established by the United States under Article 24 of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the
Contiguous Zone (40 CFR 122.2).
Continuous Discharge
A "discharge" which occurs without interruption throughout the operating hours of the facility, except for infrequent
shutdowns for maintenance, process changes, or other similar activities (40 CFR 122.2).
Control Efficiency
The mass of a pollutant in the sewage sludge fed to an incinerator minus the mass of that pollutant in the exit gas
from the incinerator stack divided by the mass of the pollutant in the sewage sludge fed to the incinerator (40 CFR
503.41).
Conventional Pollutants
The following comprise the list of conventional pollutants designated pursuant to section 304(a)(4) of the Act (40
CFR 401.16):
1. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
2. Total suspended solids (nonfilterable) (TSS)
3. pH
4. Fecal coliform
5. Oil and grease
Co-permittee
A permittee to a NPDES permit that is only responsible for permit conditions relating to the discharge for which it is
an operator (40 CFR 122.26(b)(l)).
Cover
Soil or other material used to cover sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit (40 CFR 503.21).
Cover Crop
A small grain crop, such as oats, wheat, or barley, not grown for harvest (40 CFR 503.9(d)).
Cumulative Pollutant Loading Rate
The maximum amount of an inorganic pollutant that can be applied to an area of land (40 CFR 503.11).
CWA
Clean Water Act (formerly referred to as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972) (40 CFR 122.2).
CWA and Regulations
The Clean Water Act (CWA) and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder. In the case of an approved state
program, it includes state program requirements (40 CFR 122.2).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 10
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Daily Discharge
The "discharge of a pollutant" measured during a calendar day or any 24-h period that reasonably represents the
calendar day for purposes of sampling. For pollutants with limitations expressed in units of mass, the "daily
discharge" is calculated as the total mass of the pollutant discharged over the day. For pollutants with limitations
expressed in other units of measurement, the "daily discharge" is calculated as the average measurement of the
pollutant over the day (40 CFR 122.2).
Density of Microorganisms
The number of microorganisms per unit mass of total solids (dry weight) in the sewage sludge (40 CFR 503.31).
Designated Project Area
The portions of the waters of the United States within which the permittee or permit applicant plans to confine the
cultivated species, using a method or plan or operation (including, but not limited to, physical confinement) which,
on the basis of reliable scientific evidence, is expected to ensure that specific individual organisms comprising an
aquaculture crop will enjoy increased growth attributable to the discharge of pollutants, and be harvested within a
defined geographic area (40 CFR 122.25(b)(2)).
Direct Discharge
The discharge of a pollutant (40 CFR 122.2).
Director
The U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency, as the context requires, or an authorized representative. When there
is no "approved state program," and there is an U.S. EPA administered program, "Director" means the Regional
Administrator. When there is an approved state program, "Director" normally means the State Director. (40 CFR
122.2).
Director
The chief administrative officer of a state or Interstate water pollution control agency with an NPDES permit
program approved pursuant to section 402(b) of the Act and an approved state pretreatment program (40 CFR
403.3(e)).
Discharge
When used without qualification means the "discharge of a pollutant" (40 CFR 122.2).
Discharge Monitoring Report ("DMR")
The U.S. EPA uniform national form, including any subsequent additions, revisions, or modifications for the
reporting of self-monitoring results by permittees. DMRs must be used by "approved states" as well as by U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA will supply DMRs to any approved state upon request. The U.S. EPA national forms may be modified to
substitute the state Agency name, address, logo, and other similar information, as appropriate, in place of U.S. EPA's
(40 CFR 122.2).
Discharge of a Pollutant
This means (40 CFR 122.2):
1. any addition of any "pollutant" or combination of pollutants to "waters of the United States" from any "point
source," or
2. any addition of any pollutant or combination of pollutants to the waters of the "contiguous zone" or the ocean
from any point source other than a vessel or other floating craft which is being used as a means of transportation.
This definition includes additions of pollutants into waters of the United States from: surface runoff which is
collected or channeled by man; discharges through pipes, sewers, or other conveyances owned by a state,
municipality, or other person which do not lead to a treatment works; and discharges through pipes, sewers, or other
conveyances, leading into privately owned treatment works. This term does not include an addition of pollutants by
any "indirect discharger."
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Dispersion Factor
The ratio of the increase in the ground level ambient air concentration for a pollutant at or beyond the property line
of the site where the sewage sludge incinerator is located to the mass emission rate for the pollutant from the
incinerator stack (40 CFR 503.41).
Displacement
The relative movement of any two sides of a fault measured in any direction (40 CFR 503.21).
Domestic Septage
This is either liquid or solid material removed from a septic tank, cesspool, portable toilet, Type III marine sanitation
device, or similar treatment works that receives only domestic sewage. Domestic septage does not include liquid or
solid material removed from a septic tank, cesspool, or similar treatment works that receives either commercial
wastewater or industrial wastewater and does not include grease removed from a grease trap at a restaurant (40 CFR
503.9(f)).
Domestic Sewage
Waste and wastewater from humans or household operations that is discharged to or otherwise enters a treatment
works (40 CFR 503.9(g)).
Draft Permit
A document prepared under 40 CFR 124.6 indicating the Director's tentative decision to issue or deny, modify,
revoke and reissue, terminate, or reissue a "permit." A notice of intent to terminate a permit, and a notice of intent to
deny a permit, as discussed in 40 CFR 124.5, are types of "draft permits." A denial of a request for modification,
revocation and reissuance, or termination, as discussed in 40 CFR 124.5, is not a "draft permit." A "proposed
permit" is not a "draft permit" (40 CFR 122.2).
Dry Weight Basis
Calculated on the basis of having been dried at 105 °C until reaching a constant mass (i.e., essentially 100 percent
solids content) (40 CFR 503.9(h)).
Effluent Limitation
Any restriction imposed by the Director on quantities, discharge rates, and concentrations of "pollutants" which are
"discharged" from "point source" into "waters of the United States," the waters of the "contiguous zone," or the
ocean (40 CFR 122.2).
Effluent Limitation
Any restriction established by the Administrator on quantities, rates, and concentrations of chemical, physical,
biological, and other constituents which are discharged from point sources, other than new sources, into navigable
waters, the water of the contiguous zone, or the ocean (40 CFR 401.11).
Effluent Limitations Guidelines
A regulation published by the Administrator under section 304(b) of CWA to adopt or revise "effluent limitations"
(40 CFR 122.2).
Effluent Limitations Guidelines
Any effluent limitations guidelines issued by the Administrator pursuant to section 304(b) of the Act (40 CFR
401.11).
Environmental Protection Agency ("U.S. EPA")
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR 122.2 and 40 CFR 401.11).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 12
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Equivalent System
A wastewater treatment system that is demonstrated in literature, treatability tests or self-monitoring data to remove a
similar level of pesticide active ingredient (PAI) or priority pollutants as the applicable appropriate pollution control
technology listed in Table 10 to 40 CFR 455 (40 CFR 455.10).
Excursion
An unintentional and temporary incident in which the pH value of discharge wastewater exceeds the range set forth
in the applicable effluent limitations guidelines (40 CFR 401.17 (c)).
Exempted Sewage Sludge
The following are types of sewage sludge and activities which are exempted from meeting the requirements outlined
in 40 CFR 503(40 CFR 503.6):
1. processes used to treat domestic sewage or processes used to treat sewage sludge prior to final use except for the
standards on pathogen and vector reduction in 40 CFR 503.32 and 503.33;
2. sewage sludge co-fired in an incinerator with other wastes or for the incinerator in which sewage sludge and
other wastes are co-fired;
3. sludge generated at an industrial facility during the treatment of industrial wastewater, including sewage sludge
generated during the treatment of industrial wastewater combined with domestic sewage;
4. sewage sludge determined to be hazardous;
5. sewage sludge with a concentration of PCBs equal to greater than 50 mg/kg of total solids (dry weight basis);
6. ash generated during the firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator;
7. grit (i.e., sand, gravel, cinders, or other material with high specific gravity) or screenings (e.g., relatively large
materials such as rags) generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works;
8. sludge generated during the treatment of either surface water or groundwater used for drinking water;
9. commercial septage, industrial septage, a mixture of domestic septage and commercial septage, or a mixture of
domestic septage and industrial septage.
Existing Source
Any source which is not a new source or a new discharger (40 CFR 122.29(a)(3)).
Facilities or Equipment
Buildings, structures, process or production equipment or machinery which form a permanent part of the new source
and which will be used in its operation, if these facilities or equipment are of such value as to represent a substantial
commitment to construct. It excludes facilities or equipment used in connection with feasibility, engineering, and
design studies regarding the source or water pollution treatment for the source (40 CFR 122.29(a)(5)).
Facility or Activity
Any NPDES "point source" or any other facility or activity (including land or appurtenances thereto) that is
subject to regulation under the NPDES program (40 CFR 122.2).
Fault
A fracture or zone of fractures in any materials along which strata on one side are displaced with respect to strata on
the other side (40 CFR 503.21).
Federal Indian Reservation
All land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States Government,
notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and including rights-of-way running through the reservation (40 CFR
122.2).
Feed Crops
Crops produced primarily for consumption by animals (40 CFR 503.9(j)).
Fiber Crops
Crops such as flax and cotton (40 CFR 503.9(k)).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 13
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Final Cover
The last layer of soil or other material placed on a sewage sludge unit at closure (40 CFR 503.21).
Fluidized Bed Incinerator
An enclosed device in which organic matter and inorganic matter in sewage sludge are combusted in a bed of
particles suspended in the combustion chamber gas (40 CFR 503.41).
Forest
A tract of land thick with trees and underbrush (40 CFR 503.11).
Food Crops
Crops consumed by humans. These include, but are not limited to, fruits, vegetables, and tobacco (40 CFR 503.9(1)).
General Permit
An NPDES "permit" issued under 40 CFR 122.28 authorizing a category of discharges under the CWA within a
geographical area (40 CFR 122.2).
Ground Water
Water below the land surface in the saturated zone (40 CFR 503.9(m)).
Hazardous Substance
Any substance designated under 40 CFR 116 pursuant to section 311 of CWA (40 CFR 122.2).
Holocene Time
The most recent epoch of the Quaternary period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene epoch to the present (40
CFR 503.21).
Hourly Average
The arithmetic mean of all measurements taken during an hour. At least two measurements must be taken during the
hour (40 CFR 503.41).
Illicit Discharge
Any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely of storm water except discharges
pursuant to a NPDES permit (other than the NPDES permit for discharges from the municipal separate storm sewer)
and discharges resulting from fire fighting activities (40 CFR 122.26(b)(2)).
Incineration
The combustion of organic matter and inorganic matter in sewage sludge by high temperatures in an enclosed device
(40 CFR 503.41).
Incinerator Operating Combustion Temperature
The arithmetic mean of the temperature readings in the hottest zone of the furnace recorded in a day (24 h) when the
temperature is averaged and recorded at least hourly during the hours the incinerator operates in a day (40 CFR
503.41).
Incorporated Place
The District of Columbia, or a city, town, township, or village that is incorporated under the laws of the state in
™lii/-li it ic l^otoH (AC\ flTD m 0£/^>V1Y\
which it is located (40 CFR
Indian Country
This means (40 CFR 122.2)
inis means (4U crK 122.2;:
1. All land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States Government,
notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and, including rights-of-way running through the reservation;
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 14
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
2. All dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States whether within the originally or
subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or without the limits of a state; and
3. All Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running
through the same.
Indian Tribe
Any Indian Tribe, band, group, or community recognized by the Secretary of the Interior and exercising
governmental authority over a federal Indian reservation (40 CFR 122.2).
Indirect Discharge or Discharge
The introduction of pollutants into a POTW from any non-domestic source regulated under section 307(b), (c) or (d)
of the Act (40 CFR 403.3(g)).
Indirect Discharger
A nondomestic discharger introducing "pollutants" to a "publicly owned treatment works" (40 CFR 122.2).
Industrial User or User
A source of indirect discharge (40 CFR 403.3(h)).
Industrial Wastewater
Wastewater generated in a commercial or industrial process (40 CFR 503.9(n)).
Interference
A discharge which, alone or in conjunction with a discharge or discharges from other sources, both (40 CFR
403.3(1)):
1. inhibits or disrupts the POTW, its treatment processes or operations, or its sludge processes, use or disposal; and
2. is a cause of a violation of any requirement of the POTW's NPDES permit (including an increase in the
magnitude or duration of a violation) or of the prevention of sewage sludge use or disposal in compliance with
the following statutory provisions and regulations or permits issued thereunder (or more stringent state or local
regulations): Section 405 of the Clean Water Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA) (including title II,
more commonly referred to as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and including state
regulations contained in any state sludge management plan prepared pursuant to subtitle D of the SWDA), the
Clean Air Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.
Interstate Agency
An agency of two or more states established by or under an agreement or compact approved by the Congress, or any
other agency of two or more states having substantial powers or duties pertaining to the control of pollution as
determined and approved by the Administrator under the CWA and regulations (40 CFR 122.2).
Land Application
The spraying or spreading of sewage sludge onto the land surface; the injection of sewage sludge below the land
surface; or the incorporation of sewage sludge into the soil so that the sewage sludge can either condition the soil or
fertilize crops or vegetation grown in the soil (40 CFR 503.11).
Land With a High Potential for Public Exposure
Land that the public uses frequently. This includes, but is not limited to, a public contact site and a reclamation site
located in a populated area (e.g., a construction site located in a city) (40 CFR 503.31).
Land With a Low Potential for Public Exposure
Land that the public uses infrequently. This includes, but is not limited to, agricultural land, forest, and a reclamation
site located in an unpopulated area (e.g., a strip mine located in a rural area) (40 CFR 503.31).
Leachate Collection System
A system or device installed immediately above a liner that is designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to
collect and remove leachate from a sewage sludge unit (40 CFR 503.21).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 15
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Liner
Soil or synthetic material that has a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10~7 cm/s or less (40 CFR 503.21).
Log Sorting and Log Storage Facilities
Facilities whose discharges result from the holding of unprocessed wood, for example, logs or roundwood with bark
or after removal of bark held in self-contained bodies of water (mill ponds or log ponds) or stored on land where
water is applied intentionally on the logs (wet decking). (See 40 CFR 429, subpart I, including the effluent
limitations guidelines) (40 CFR 122.27(b)(3)).
Lower Explosive Limit for Methane Gas
The lowest percentage of methane gas in air, by volume, that propagates a flame at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure
(40 CFR 503.21).
Major Facility
Any NPDES "facility or activity" classified as such by the U.S. EPA, or, in the case of "approved state programs,"
the U.S. EPA in conjunction with the state authorized regulatory agency (40 CFR 122.2).
Maximum Daily Discharge Limitation
The highest allowable "daily discharge" (40 CFR 122.2).
Monthly Average
The arithmetic mean of all measurements taken during the month (40 CFR 503.11).
Monthly Average
The arithmetic mean of the hourly averages for the hours a sewage sludge incinerator operates during the month (40
CFR 503.41).
Municipality
A city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body created by or under state law and
having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes, or an Indian tribe or an authorized
Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of CWA (40 CFR
122.2).
Municipality
A city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body (including an intermunicipal Agency
of two or more of the foregoing entities) created by or under state law; an Indian tribe or an authorized Indian tribal
organization having jurisdiction over sewage sludge management; or a designated and approved management
Agency under section 208 of the CWA, as amended. The definition includes a special district created under state
law, such as a water district, sewer district, sanitary district, utility district, drainage district, or similar entity, or an
integrated waste management facility as defined in section 201(e) of the CWA, as amended, that has as one of its
principal responsibilities the treatment, transport, use, or disposal of sewage sludge (40 CFR 503.9(o)).
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
The national program for issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, terminating, monitoring and enforcing permits,
and imposing and enforcing pretreatment requirements, under sections 307, 402, 318, and 405 of CWA. The term
includes an "approved program" (40 CFR 122.2).
National Pretreatment Standard, Pretreatment Standard, or Standard
Any regulation containing pollutant discharge limits promulgated by the U.S. EPA in accordance with section 307
(b) and (c) of the Act, which applies to Industrial Users. This term includes prohibitive discharge limits established
pursuant to 40 CFR 403.5 (40 CFR 403.3(j)).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 16
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Navigable Waters
This includes: all navigable waters of the United States; tributaries of navigable waters of the United States;
interstate waters; intestate lakes, rivers, and streams which are utilized by interstate travelers for recreational or
other purposes; intestate lakes, rivers, and streams from which fish or shellfish are taken and sold in interstate
commerce; and intestate lakes, rivers, and streams which are utilized for industrial purposes by industries in
interstate commerce. Navigable waters do not include prior converted cropland. Notwithstanding the determination
of an area's status as prior converted cropland by any other federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act,
the final authority regarding Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with U.S. EPA (40 CFR 401.11).
New Discharger
Any building, structure, facility, or installation (40 CFR 122.2):
1. from which there is or may be a "discharge of pollutants;"
2. that did not commence the "discharge of pollutants" at a particular "site" prior to August 13, 1979;
3. which is not a "new source;" and
4. which has never received a finally effective NDPES permit for discharges at that "site."
This definition includes an "indirect discharger" which commences discharging into "waters of the United States"
after August 13, 1979. It also includes any existing mobile point source (other than an offshore or coastal oil and gas
exploratory drilling rig or a coastal oil and gas developmental drilling rig) such as a seafood processing rig, seafood
processing vessel, or aggregate plant, that begins discharging at a "site" for which it does not have a permit; and any
offshore or coastal mobile oil and gas exploratory drilling rig or coastal mobile oil and gas developmental drilling rig
that commences the discharge of pollutants after August 13, 1979, at a "site" under U.S. EPA's permitting
jurisdiction for which it is not covered by an individual or general permit and which is located in an area determined
by the U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency in the issuance of a final permit to be an area of biological concern.
In determining whether an area is an area of biological concern, the U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency shall
consider the factors specified in 40 CFR 125.122(a) (1) through (10). An offshore or coastal mobile exploratory
drilling rig or coastal mobile developmental drilling rig will be considered a "new discharger" only for the duration
of its discharge in an area of biological concern.
New Source
Any building, structure, facility, or installation from which there is or may be a "discharge of pollutants," the
construction of which commenced (40 CFR 122.2):
1. after promulgation of standards of performance under section 306 of CWA which are applicable to such source,
or
2. after proposal of standards of performance in accordance with section 306 of CWA which are applicable to such
source, but only if the standards are promulgated in accordance with section 306 within 120 days of their
proposal.
New Source
Any building, structure, facility or installation from which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants, the
construction of which commenced after the publication of proposed regulations prescribing a standard of
performance under section 306 of the Act which will be applicable to such source if such standard is thereafter
promulgated in accordance with section 306 of the Act (40 CFR 401.11).
New Source
Any building, structure, facility or installation from which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants, the
construction of which commenced after the publication of proposed Pretreatment Standards under section 307(c) of
the Act which will be applicable to such source if such Standards are thereafter promulgated in accordance with that
section, provided that (40 CFR 403.3(k)):
1. the building, structure, facility or installation is constructed at a site at which no other source is located; or
2. the building, structure, facility or installation totally replaces the process or production equipment that causes
the discharge of pollutants at an existing source; or
3. the production or wastewater generating processes of the building, structure, facility or installation are
substantially independent of an existing source at the same site. In determining whether these are substantially
independent, factors such as the extent to which the new facility is integrated with the existing plant, and the
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 17
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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extent to which the new facility is engaged in the same general type of activity as the existing source should be
considered.
Construction on a site at which an existing source is located results in a modification rather than a new source if the
construction does not create a new building, structure, facility or installation meeting the criteria of paragraphs b or c
but otherwise alters, replaces, or adds to existing process or production equipment.
Construction of a new source has commenced if the owner or operator has:
1. begun, or caused to begin as part of a continuous onsite construction program:
a) any placement, assembly, or installation of facilities or equipment; or
b) significant site preparation work including clearing, excavation, or removal of existing buildings, structures,
or facilities which is necessary for the placement, assembly, or installation of new source facilities or
equipment; or
2. entered into a binding contractual obligation for the purchase of facilities or equipment which are intended to be
used in its operation within a reasonable time. Options to purchase or contracts which can be terminated or
modified without substantial loss, and contracts for feasibility, engineering, and design studies do not constitute
a contractual obligation.
Noncontact Cooling Water
Water used for cooling which does not come into direct contact with any raw material, intermediate product, waste
product or finished product (40 CFR 401.11).
Noncontact Cooling Water Pollutants
Pollutants present in noncontact cooling waters (40 CFR 401.11).
Non-Conventional Pollutants
Parameters that are neither conventional pollutants as defined in 40 CFR 401.16, nor toxic pollutants as defined in
40 CFR 401.15 (see Appendix A of this document) (40 CFR 439. l(k)).
NPDES Permit or Permit
A permit issued to a POTW pursuant to section 402 of the Act (40 CFR 403.3(1)).
NPDES Permit Exclusions
The following discharges do not require a NPDES permit (40 CFR 122.3):
1. any discharge of sewage from vessels, effluent from properly functioning marine engines, laundry, shower, and
galley sink wastes, or any other discharge incidental to the normal operation of a vessel. This exclusion does not
apply to rubbish, trash, garbage, or other such materials discharged overboard; nor to other discharges when the
vessel is operating in a capacity other than as a means of transportation such as when used as an energy or
mining facility, a storage facility or a seafood processing facility, or when secured to a storage facility or a
seafood processing facility, or when secured to the bed of the ocean, contiguous zone or waters of the United
States for the purpose of mineral or oil exploration or development
2. discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States which are regulated under section 404 of
CWA
3. the introduction of sewage, industrial wastes or other pollutants into POTW by indirect dischargers. Plans or
agreements to switch to this method of disposal in the future do not relieve dischargers of the obligation to have
and comply with permits until all discharges of pollutants to waters of the United States are eliminated. This
exclusion does not apply to the introduction of pollutants to privately owned treatment works or to other
discharges through pipes, sewers, or other conveyances owned by a state, municipality, or other party not
leading to treatment works
4. any discharge in compliance with the instructions of an On-Scene Coordinator pursuant to 40 CFR 300 (The
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan) or 33 CFR 153.10(e) (Pollutionby Oil and
Hazardous Substances)
5. any introduction of pollutants from non point-source agricultural and silvicultural activities, including storm
water runoff from orchards, cultivated crops, pastures, range lands, and forest lands, but not discharges from
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 18
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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concentrated animal feeding operations, discharges from concentrated aquatic animal production facilities,
discharges to aquaculture projects, and discharges from silvicultural point sources
6. return flows from irrigated agriculture
7. discharges into a privately owned treatment works, except as the Director may otherwise require under 40 CFR
122.44(m).
NPDES State
A state (as defined in 40 CFR 122.2) or Interstate water pollution control agency with an NPDES permit program
approved pursuant to section 402(b) of the Act (40 CFR 403.3(m)).
Other Container
Either an open or closed receptacle. This includes, but is not limited to, a bucket, a box, a carton, and a vehicle or
trailer with a load capacity of one metric ton or less (40 CFR 503.11).
Overburden
Any material of any nature, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a mineral deposit, excluding topsoil or
similar naturally-occurring surface materials that are not disturbed by mining operations (40 CFR 122.26(b)(10)).
Owner or Operator
The owner or operator of any "facility or activity" subject to regulation under the NPDES program (40 CFR 122.2).
Pass Through
A discharge which exits the POTW into waters of the United States in quantities or concentrations which, alone or in
conjunction with a discharge or discharges from other sources, is a cause of a violation of any requirement of the
POTW's NPDES permit (including an increase in the magnitude or duration of a violation) (40 CFR403.3(n)).
Pasture
Land on which animals feed directly on feed crops such as legumes, grasses, grain stubble, or stover (40 CFR
503.11).
Pathogenic Organisms
Disease-causing organisms. These include, but are not limited to, certain bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and viable
helminth ova (40 CFR 503.31).
Performance Test Combustion Temperature
The arithmetic mean of the average combustion temperature in the hottest zone of the furnace for each of the runs in
a performance test (40 CFR 503.41).
Permit
An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by U.S. EPA or an "approved state" to implement
the requirements of this 40 CFR 122 and 40 CFR 123 and 124. "Permit" includes an NPDES "general permit" (40
CFR 122.28). Permit does not include any permit which has not yet been the subject of final agency action, such as a
"draft permit" or a "proposed permit" (40 CFR 122.2).
Permitting Authority
Either U.S. EPA or a state with an U.S. EPA-approved sludge management program (40 CFR 503.9(p)).
Person
An individual, association, partnership, corporation, municipality, state or federal agency, or an agent or employee
thereof (40 CFR 122.2 and 503.9(q)).
Person Who Prepares Sewage Sludge
Either the person who generates sewage sludge during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works or the
person who derives a material from sewage sludge (40 CFR 503.9(r)).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 19
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Place Sewage Sludge or Sewage Sludge Placed
Disposal of sewage sludge on a surface disposal site (40 CFR 503.9(s)).
Point Source
Any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel,
conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate
collection system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not
include return flows from irrigated agriculture or agricultural storm water runoff. (See 40 CFR 122.3) (40 CFR 122.2
and 40 CFR 401.11).
Pollutant
Dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions,
chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials (except those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of
1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.)), heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt and
industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste discharged into water. It does not mean:
1. sewage from vessels; or
2. water, gas, or other material which is injected into a well to facilitate production of oil or gas, or water derived
in association with oil and gas production and disposed of in a well, if the well used either to facilitate
production or for disposal purposes is approved by authority of the state in which the well is located, and if the
state determines that the injection or disposal will not result in the degradation of ground or surface water
resources.
Note: Radioactive materials covered by the Atomic Energy Act are those encompassed in its definition of source,
byproduct, or special nuclear materials. Examples of materials not covered include radium and accelerator-produced
isotopes. See Train v. Colorado Public Interest Research Group, Inc., 426 U.S. 1 (1976) (40 CFR 122.2).
Pollutant
Dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials,
radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt and industrial, municipal, and
agricultural waste discharged into water. It does not mean (40 CFR 401.11 (f)):
1. sewage from vessels; or
2. water, gas, or other material which is injected into a well to facilitate production of oil or gas, or water derived
in association with oil and gas production and disposed of in a well, if the well, used either to facilitate
production or for disposal purposes is approved by authority of the state in which the well is located, and if such
state determines that such injection or disposal will not result in the degradation of ground or surface water
resources.
Pollutant
An organic substance, an inorganic substance, a combination of organic and inorganic substances, or a pathogenic
organism that, after discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into an organism either
directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through the food chain, could, on the basis of information
available to the Administrator of U.S. EPA, cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic
mutations, physiological malfunctions (including malfunction in reproduction), or physical deformations in either
organisms or offspring of the organisms (40 CFR 503.9(t)).
Pollutant Limit
A numerical value that describes the amount of a pollutant allowed per unit amount of sewage sludge (e.g.,
milligrams per kilogram of total solids); the amount of a pollutant that can be applied to a unit area of land (e.g.,
kilograms per hectare); or the volume of a material that can be applied to a unit area of land (e.g., gallons per acre)
(40CFR503.9(u)).
Pollution
The manmade or man induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water (40
CFR 401.11).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 20
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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POTW Treatment Plant
That portion of the POTW which is designed to provide treatment (including recycling and reclamation) of
municipal sewage and industrial waste (40 CFR 403.3(p)).
Pretreatment
The reduction of the amount of pollutants, the elimination of pollutants, or the alteration of the nature of pollutant
properties in wastewater prior to or in lieu of discharging or otherwise introducing such pollutants into a POTW. The
reduction or alteration may be obtained by physical, chemical or biological processes, process changes or by other
means, except as prohibited by 40 CFR 403.6(d). Appropriate pretreatment technology includes control equipment,
such as equalization tanks or facilities, for protection against surges or slug loadings that might interfere with or
otherwise be incompatible with the POTW. However, where wastewater from a regulated process is mixed in an
equalization facility with unregulated wastewater or with wastewater from another regulated process, the effluent
from the equalization facility must meet an adjusted pretreatment limit calculated in accordance with 40 CFR
403.6(e) (40 CFR403.3(q)).
Pretreatment Requirements
Any substantive or procedural requirement related to Pretreatment, other than a National Pretreatment Standard,
imposed on an Industrial User (40 CFR 403.3(r)).
Primary Industry Category
Any industry category listed in the NRDC settlement agreement (Natural Resources Defense Council et al. v. Train,
8 E.R.C. 2120 (D.D.C. 1976), modified 12 E.R.C. 1833 (D.D.C. 1979)); also listed in appendix A of 40 CFR 122
(see Appendix B of this document) (40 CFR 122.2).
Privately Owned Treatment Works
Any device or system which is (40 CFR 122.2):
a) used to treat wastes from any facility whose operator is not the operator of the treatment works, and
b) not a "POTW."
Process Wastewater
Any water which, during manufacturing or processing, comes into direct contact with or results from the production
or use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, byproduct, or waste product (40 CFR 122.2 and
401.11)
Process Wastewater Pollutants
Pollutants present in process wastewater (40 CFR 401.11).
Proposed Permit
A state NPDES "permit" prepared after the close of the public comment period (and, when applicable, any public
hearing and administrative appeals) which is sent to U.S. EPA for review before final issuance by the state. A
"proposed permit" is not a "draft permit" (40 CFR 122.2).
Public Contact Site
Land with a high potential for contact by the public. This includes, but is not limited to, public parks, ball fields,
cemeteries, plant nurseries, turf farms, and golf courses (40 CFR 503.11).
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
Any device or system used in the treatment (including recycling and reclamation) of municipal sewage or industrial
wastes of a liquid nature which is owned by a "state" or "municipality." This definition includes sewers, pipes, or
other conveyances only if they convey wastewater to a POTW providing treatment (40 CFR 122.2).
Publicly Owned Treatment Works or POTW
A treatment works as defined by section 212 of the Act, which is owned by a state or municipality (as defined by
section 502(4) of the Act). This definition includes any devices and systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 21
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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and reclamation of municipal sewage or industrial wastes of a liquid nature. It also includes sewers, pipes and other
conveyances only if they convey wastewater to a POTW Treatment Plant. The term also means the municipality as
defined in section 502(4) of the Act, which has jurisdiction over the Indirect Discharges to and the discharges from
such a treatment works (40 CFR 403.3(o)).
Qualified Ground-Water Scientist
An individual with a baccalaureate or post-graduate degree in the natural sciences or engineering who has sufficient
training and experience in ground-water hydrology and related fields, as may be demonstrated by state registration,
professional certification, or completion of accredited university programs, to make sound professional judgments
regarding ground-water monitoring, pollutant fate and transport, and corrective action (40 CFR 503.21).
Range Land
Open land with indigenous vegetation (40 CFR 503.11).
Reclamation Site
Drastically disturbed land that is reclaimed using sewage sludge. This includes, but is not limited to, strip mines and
construction sites (40 CFR 503.11).
Recommencing Discharger
A source which recommences discharge after terminating operations (40 CFR 122.2).
Regional Administrator
The Regional Administrator of the appropriate Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency or the
authorized representative of the Regional Administrator (40 CFR 122.2 and 40 CFR 403.3(s)).
Risk Specific Concentration
The allowable increase in the average daily ground level ambient air concentration for a pollutant from the
incineration of sewage sludge at or beyond the property line of the site where the sewage sludge incinerator is
located (40 CFR 503.41).
Rock Crushing and Gravel Washing Facilities - facilities which process crushed and broken stone, gravel, and
riprap (See 40 CFR 436, subpart B, including the effluent limitations guidelines) (40 CFR 122.27(b)(2)).
Runoff
Rainwater, leachate, or other liquid that drains overland on any part of a land surface and runs off of the land surface
(40CFR503.9(v)).
Runoff Coefficient
The fraction of total rainfall that will appear at a conveyance as runoff (40 CFR 122.26(b)(l 1)).
Schedule of Compliance
A schedule of remedial measures included in a "permit," including an enforceable sequence of interim requirements
(for example, actions, operations, or milestone events) leading to compliance with the CWA and regulations (40
CFR 122.2).
Secondary Industry Category
Any industry category which is not a "primary industry category" (40 CFR 122.2).
Secretary
The Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers (40 CFR 122.2).
Seismic Impact Zone
An area that has a 10 percent or greater probability that the horizontal ground level acceleration of the rock in the
area exceeds 0.10 gravity once in 250 yr (40 CFR 503.21).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 22
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Septage
The liquid and solid material pumped from a septic tank, cesspool, or similar domestic sewage treatment system, or a
holding tank when the system is cleaned or maintained (40 CFR 122.2).
Severe Property Damage
Substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable,
or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a
bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays in production (40 CFR
122.41(m)(l)(ii) and 403.17(a)(2)).
Sewage From Vessels
Human body wastes and the wastes from toilets and other receptacles intended to receive or retain body wastes that
are discharged from vessels and regulated under section 312 of CWA, except that with respect to commercial vessels
on the Great Lakes this term includes graywater. For the purposes of this definition, "graywater" means galley, bath,
and shower water (40 CFR 122.2).
Sewage Sludge
Any solid, semi-solid, or liquid residue removed during the treatment of municipal wastewater or domestic sewage.
Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, solids removed during primary, secondary, or advanced wastewater
treatment, scum, septage, portable toilet pumpings, type III marine sanitation device pumpings (33 CFR 159), and
sewage sludge products. Sewage sludge does not include grit or screenings, or ash generated during the incineration
of sewage sludge (40 CFR 122.2).
Sewage Sludge
Solid, semi-solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. Sewage
sludge includes, but is not limited to, domestic septage; scum or solids removed in primary, secondary, or advanced
wastewater treatment processes; and a material derived from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge does not include ash
generated during the firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator or grit and screenings generated during
preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works (40 CFR 503.9(w)).
Sewage Sludge Feed Rate
Either the average daily amount of sewage sludge fired in all sewage sludge incinerators within the property line of
the site where the sewage sludge incinerators are located for the number of days in a 365 day period that each sewage
sludge incinerator operates, or the average daily design capacity for all sewage sludge incinerators within the
property line of the site where the sewage sludge incinerators are located (40 CFR 503.41).
Sewage Sludge Incinerator
An enclosed device in which only sewage sludge and auxiliary fuel are fired (40 CFR 503.41).
Sewage Sludge Unit
Land on which only sewage sludge is placed for final disposal. This does not include land on which sewage sludge is
either stored or treated. Land does not include waters of the United States, as defined in 40 CFR 122.2 (40 CFR
503.21).
Sewage Sludge Unit Boundary
The outermost perimeter of an active sewage sludge unit (40 CFR 503.21).
Sewage Sludge Use or Disposal Practice
The collection, storage, treatment, transportation, processing, monitoring, use, or disposal of sewage sludge (40 CFR
122.2)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 23
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Significant Industrial User
Except as provided in paragraph 3, the term Significant Industrial User means (40 CFR 403.3(t)):
1. all industrial users subject to Categorical Pretreatment Standards under 40 CFR 403.6 and 40 CFR chapter I,
subchapter N; and
2. any other industrial user that: discharges an average of 25,000 gallons per day or more of process wastewater to
the POTW (excluding sanitary, noncontact cooling and boiler blowdown wastewater); contributes a process
waste stream which makes up 5 percent or more of the average dry weather hydraulic or organic capacity of the
POTW treatment plant; or is designated as such by the Control Authority as defined in 40 CFR 403.12(a) on the
basis that the industrial user has a reasonable potential for adversely affecting the POTW's operation or for
violating any pretreatment standard or requirement (in accordance with 40 CFR 403.8(f)(6))
3. upon a finding that an industrial user meeting the criteria in paragraph 2 has no reasonable potential for
adversely affecting the POTW's operation or for violating any pretreatment standard or requirement, the Control
Authority (as defined in 40 CFR 403.12(a)) may at any time, on its own initiative or in response to a petition
received from an industrial user or POTW, and in accordance with 40 CFR 403.8(f)(6), determine that such
industrial user is not a significant industrial user.
Significant Materials
This includes, but is not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and plastic pellets;
finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or production; hazardous
substances designated under section 101(14) of CERCLA; any chemical the facility is required to report pursuant to
section 313 of title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that have
the potential to be released with storm water discharges (40 CFR 122.26(b)(12)).
Silvicultural Point Source
Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance related to rock crushing, gravel washing, log sorting, or log
storage facilities which are operated in connection with silvicultural activities and from which pollutants are
discharged into waters of the United States. The term does not include nonpoint source silvicultural activities such as
nursery operations, site preparation, reforestation and subsequent cultural treatment, thinning, prescribed burning,
pest and fire control, harvesting operations, surface drainage, or road construction and maintenance from which there
is natural runoff. However, some of these activities (such as stream crossing for roads) may involve point source
discharges of dredged or fill material which may require a CWA section 404 permit (See 33 CFR 209.120 and 33
CFR 233) (40 CFR 122.27(b)(l)).
Site
The land or water area where any "facility or activity" is physically located or conducted, including adjacent land
used in connection with the facility or activity (40 CFR 122.2).
Sludge-Only Facility
Any "treatment works treating domestic sewage" whose methods of sewage sludge use or disposal are subject to
regulations promulgated pursuant to section 405(d) of the CWA, and is required to obtain a permit under 40 CFR
122. l(b)(3) (40 CFR 122.2).
Source
Any building, structure, facility, or installation from which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants (40 CFR
122.29(a)(2)).
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR)
The mass of oxygen consumed per unit time per unit mass of total solids (dry weight basis) in the sewage sludge (40
CFR 503.31).
Stack Height
The difference between the elevation of the top of a sewage sludge incinerator stack and the elevation of the ground
at the base of the stack when the difference is equal to or less than 65 m. When the difference is greater than 65 m,
stack height is the creditable stack height determined in accordance with 40 CFR 51.100 (ii) (40 CFR 503.41).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 24
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Standard of Performance
Any restriction established by the Administrator pursuant to section 306 of the Act on quantities, rates, and
concentrations of chemical, physical, biological, and other constituents which are or may be discharged from new
sources into navigable waters, the waters of the contiguous zone or the ocean (40 CFR 401.11).
Standards for Sewage Sludge Use or Disposal
The regulations promulgated pursuant to section 405(d) of the CWA which govern minimum requirements for sludge
quality, management practices, and monitoring and reporting applicable to sewage sludge or the use or disposal of
sewage sludge by any person (40 CFR 122.2).
State
Any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands,
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or
an Indian Tribe as defined in these regulations which meets the requirements of 40 CFR 123.31(40 CFR 122.2).
State Director
The chief administrative officer of any state or interstate agency operating an "approved program," or the delegated
representative of the State Director. If responsibility is divided among two or more state or interstate agencies, "State
Director" means the chief administrative officer of the state or interstate agency authorized to perform the particular
procedure or function to which reference is made (40 CFR 122.2).
State/U.S. EPA Agreement
An agreement between the Regional Administrator and the state which coordinates U.S. EPA and state activities,
responsibilities and programs including those under the CWA programs (40 CFR 122.2).
Store or Storage of Sewage Sludge
Placement of sewage sludge on land on which the sewage sludge remains for two years or less. This does not include
the placement of sewage sludge on land for treatment (40 CFR 503.9(y)).
Storm Water
Storm water runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage (40 CFR 122.26(b)(13)).
Submission
1. A request by a POTW for approval of a Pretreatment Program to the U. S. EPA or a Director;
2. A request by a POTW to the U.S. EPA or a Director for authority to revise the discharge limits in categorical
Pretreatment Standards to reflect POTW pollutant removals; or
3. A request to the U.S. EPA by anNPDES state for approval of its state pretreatment program (40 CFR403.3(u)).
Surface Disposal Site
An area of land that contains one or more active sewage sludge units (40 CFR 503.21).
Total Dissolved Solids
The total dissolved (filterable) solids as determined by use of the method specified in 40 CFR 136 (40 CFR 122.2).
Total Hydrocarbons
The organic compounds in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack measured using a flame ionization
detection instrument referenced to propane (40 CFR 503.41).
Total Solids
The materials in sewage sludge that remain as residue when the sewage sludge is dried at 103 to 105 °C (40 CFR
503.31).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 25
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Toxic Pollutant
Any pollutant listed as toxic under section 307(a)(l) (see Appendix A of this document) or, in the case of "sludge
use or disposal practices," any pollutant identified in regulations implementing section 405(d) of the CWA (40 CFR
122.2).
Treat or Treatment of Sewage Sludge
The preparation of sewage sludge for final use or disposal. This includes, but is not limited to, thickening,
stabilization, and dewatering of sewage sludge. This does not include storage of sewage sludge (40 CFR 503.9(z)).
Treatment Works
Either a federally owned, publicly owned, or privately owned device or system used to treat (including recycle and
reclaim) either domestic sewage or a combination of domestic sewage and industrial waste of a liquid nature (40
CFR503.9(aa)).
Treatment Works Treating Domestic Sewage
A POTW or any other sewage sludge or wastewater treatment devices or systems, regardless of ownership (including
federal facilities), used in the storage, treatment, recycling, and reclamation of municipal or domestic sewage,
including land dedicated for the disposal of sewage sludge. This definition does not include septic tanks or similar
devices. For purposes of this definition, "domestic sewage" includes waste and wastewater from humans or
household operations that are discharged to or otherwise enter a treatment works. In states where there is no
approved state sludge management program under section 405(f) of the CWA, the U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory
agency may designate any person subject to the standards for sewage sludge use and disposal in 40 CFR 503 as a
"treatment works treating domestic sewage," where he or she finds that there is a potential for adverse effects on
public health and the environment from poor sludge quality or poor sludge handling, use or disposal practices, or
where he or she finds that such designation is necessary to ensure that such person is in compliance with 40 CFR 503
(40 CFR 122.2).
Uncontrolled Sanitary Landfill
A landfill or open dump, whether in operation or closed, that does not meet the requirements for runon or runoff
controls established pursuant to subtitle D of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (40 CFR 122.26(b)(15)).
Unstable Area
Land subject to natural or human-induced forces that may damage the structural components of an active sewage
sludge unit. This includes, but is not limited to, land on which the soils are subject to mass movement (40 CFR
503.21).
Unstabilized Solids
Organic materials in sewage sludge that have not been treated in either an aerobic or anaerobic treatment process (40
CFR 503.31).
Upset
An exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technology based permit
effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate
treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation (40 CFR 122.41(n)(l)).
Upset
An exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with categorical Pretreatment
Standards because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the Industrial User. An Upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate
treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation (40 CFR 403.16(a)).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 26
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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Variance
Any mechanism or provision under section 301 or 316 of CWA or under 40 CFR 125, or in the applicable "effluent
limitations guidelines" which allows modification to or waiver of the generally applicable effluent limitation
requirements or time deadlines of CWA. This includes provisions which allow the establishment of alternative
limitations based on fundamentally different factors or on sections 301(c), 301(g), 301(h), 301(i), or 316(a) of CWA
(40 CFR 122.2).
Vector Attraction
The characteristic of sewage sludge that attracts rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other organisms capable of
transporting infectious agents (40 CFR 503.31).
Vector Attraction Reduction Options
The following are vector attraction reduction options (40 CFR 503.33(b)):
1. The mass of volatile solids in the sewage sludge shall be reduced by a minimum of 38 percent (see calculation
procedures in "Environmental Regulations and Technology-Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in
Sewage Sludge", EPA-625/R-92/013, 1992, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268)
2. When the 38 percent volatile solids reduction requirement in paragraph 1 cannot be met for an anaerobically
digested sewage sludge, vector attraction reduction can be demonstrated by digesting a portion of the previously
digested sewage sludge anaerobically in the laboratory in a bench-scale unit for 40 additional days at a
temperature between 30 and 37 °C. When at the end of the 40 days, the volatile solids in the sewage sludge at
the beginning of that period is reduced by less than 17 percent, vector attraction reduction is achieved
3. When the 3 8 percent volatile solids reduction requirement in paragraph 1 cannot be met for an aerobically
digested sewage sludge, vector attraction reduction can be demonstrated by digesting a portion of the previously
digested sewage sludge that has a percent solids of two percent or less aerobically in the laboratory in a bench-
scale unit for 30 additional days at 20 °C. When at the end of the 30 days, the volatile solids in the sewage
sludge at the beginning of that period is reduced by less than 15 percent, vector attraction reduction is achieved
4. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for sewage sludge treated in an aerobic process shall be equal to or less
than 1.5 mg of oxygen per hour per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) at a temperature of 20 °C
5. Sewage sludge shall be treated in an aerobic process for 14 days or longer. During that time, the temperature of
the sewage sludge shall be higher than 40 °C and the average temperature of the sewage sludge shall be higher
than 45 °C
6. The pH of sewage sludge shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and, without the addition of more
alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for 2 h and then at 11.5 or higher for an additional 22 h
7. The percent solids of sewage sludge that does not contain unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater
treatment process shall be equal to or greater than 75 percent based on the moisture content and total solids prior
to mixing with other materials
8. The percent solids of sewage sludge that contains unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater
treatment process shall be equal to or greater than 90 percent based on the moisture content and total solids prior
to mixing with other materials
9. Sewage sludge shall be injected below the surface of the land. No significant amount of the sewage sludge shall
be present on the land surface within 1 h after the sewage sludge is injected. When the sewage sludge that is
injected below the surface of the land is Class A with respect to pathogens, the sewage sludge shall be injected
below the land surface within 8 h after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process
10. Sewage sludge applied to the land surface or placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall be incorporated into
the soil within 6 h after application to or placement on the land, unless otherwise specified by the permitting
authority
11. When sewage sludge that is incorporated into the soil is Class A with respect to pathogens, the sewage sludge
shall be applied to or placed on the land within 8 h after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process
12. Sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall be covered with soil or other material at the end of
each operating day
13. The pH of domestic septage shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and, without the addition of more
alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for 30 min.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 27
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Volatile Solids
The amount of the total solids in sewage sludge lost when the sewage sludge is combusted at 550 °C in the presence
of excess air (40 CFR 503.31).
Water Management Division Director
One of the Directors of the Water Management Divisions within the Regional offices of the Environmental
Protection Agency or this person's delegated representative (40 CFR 403.3(f)).
Waters of The United States or Waters of The U.S.
1. all waters which are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign
commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
2. all interstate waters, including interstate "wetlands;"
3. all other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats,
"wetlands," sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds the use, degradation, or
destruction of which would affect or could affect interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters:
4. which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes;
5. from which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or
6. which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by industries in interstate commerce;
7. all impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this definition;
8. tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition;
9. the territorial sea; and
10. "wetlands" adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs (1)
through (6) of this definition.
Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons designed to meet the requirements of CWA (other
than cooling ponds as defined in 40 CFR 423.11 (m) which also meet the criteria of this definition) are not waters of
the United States. This exclusion applies only to manmade bodies of water which neither were originally created in
waters of the United States (such as disposal area in wetlands) nor resulted from the impoundment of waters of the
United States. [See Note 1 of this section.] Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland.
Notwithstanding the determination of an area's status as prior converted cropland by any other federal agency, for the
purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with U.S. EPA
(40 CFR 122.2).
Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
An air pollution control device that uses both electrical forces and water to remove pollutants in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator stack (40 CFR 503.41).
Wet Scrubber
An air pollution control device that uses water to remove pollutants in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator
stack (40 CFR 503.41).
Wetlands
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to
support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas (40 CFR 122.2).
Wetlands
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water at a frequency and duration to support,
and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil
conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas (40 CFR 503.9(bb)).
Whole Effluent Toxicity
The aggregate toxic effect of an effluent measured directly by a toxicity test (40 CFR 122.2).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 28
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Typical Records To Review
• NPDES Permit
• NPDES Permit applications (new or renewal)
• Discharge monitoring reports for the past year
• Laboratory records and procedures and U.S. EPA QA results
• Monthly operating reports for wastewater treatment facilities
• Flow monitoring calibration certification and supporting records
• Ash pond volume certification and supporting records
• Special reports, certifications, etc., required by NPDES permit
• All enforcement actions
• NPDES state or federal inspection reports
• Sewage treatment plant operator certification
• Administrative orders
• Sewer and storm drain layout
• Local sewer use ordinance
• Local service use permit
• Sewer system bypass records
• Notification to local POTW
• Old spill reports
• Repair/Maintenance records for the wastewater treatment system
• As built drawings
• Stormwater pollution prevention plan
• Pretreatment permits
• Design plans for wastewater and industrial waste treatment plants, including treatment basins
• Utility and general site maps, diagrams - plumbing (maintenance shops)
Typical Physical Features To Inspect
• Discharge outfall pipes (maintenance shops, hardstands, and parking lots)
• Wastewater treatment facilities
• Industrial treatment facilities
• Floor and sink drains (especially in industrial areas)
• Oil storage tanks
• Oil/water separators and other pretreatment devices such as sand and grit traps, grease traps, and sand
interceptors
• Wastewater generation points
• Discharge to POTW
• Stormwater ditches around motor pools
• Streams, rivers, open waterways
• Stormwater collection points (especially in industrial and maintenance areas)
• Fire training pit
• Nonpoint source discharge areas
• Motor pools and vehicle maintenance stands, plumbing, drains, and discharges (end of pipe)
• Wash racks (centralized facilities, individual and areas in vicinity of maintenance shop)
• Catch basins, drop inlets, holding/retention ponds
• Electrical grease racks and inspection racks
• Waste and sump collection points
• Detention ponds from vehicle washing operations
• Vehicle maintenance inspection pits and ramps
• Sludge disposal areas (especially from vehicle wash racks and central facilities)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 29
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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• Battery and radiator repair operations
• Sewage sludge land application sites
Construction sites
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
ac acres
ANFO ammonium nitrate and fuel oil
BAT best available technology economically achievable
BCT best conventional pollutant control technology
BOD5 five-day biochemical oxygen demand
BPT best practicable control technology currently available
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFU colony forming units
cm centimeter
COD chemical oxygen demand
CWA Clean Water Act
DMR discharge monitoring report
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FR Federal Register
ft foot
g grams
gal gallon
GRAS generally recognized as safe
h hours
ha hectares
HMX cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine
hp horsepower
in. inch
k cu m 1000 cubic meters
kkg 1000 kilograms
kg kilogram
kw kilowatt
kwh kilowatt hour
L liter
Ib pounds
m meter
mg milligrams
min minutes
mm millimeter
mo months
MP Management Practice
Mw megawatt
Mwh megawatt hour
NCN nitrocarbonitrate
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOV Notice of Violation
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NSPS new source performance standards
OCPSF organic chemicals, plastics, and synthetic fibers
P2 Pollution Prevention
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
PAI pesticide active ingredients
PL public law
PFPR pesticide formulating packaging and repackaging facility
POL petroleum, oil, and lubricant
POTW publicly owned treatment works
pound Ib
PSES pretreatment standards for existing sources
PSNS pretreatment standards for new sources
QA quality assurance
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RDX cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
s seconds
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SIC Standard Industrial Classifications
SPCC Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure plan
SOUR specific oxygen uptake rate
SWDA Solid Waste Disposal Act
TDS total dissolved solids
TMDL total maximum daily load
TNT trinitrotoluene
TOC total organic carbon
TRC technical review committee
TSS total suspended non-filterable solids
TTO total toxic organics
TWTDS treatment works treating domestic sewage
USC United States Code
WQS water quality standards
WWTP wastewater treatment plan
yr year
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 32
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Index for Checklist Users
Categories
General
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permits
Pretreatment Program Requirements for POTWs
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge
General
Land Application
Surface Disposal
Incineration
Refer To:
Checklist Item
MWW. 1 . 1 through MWW. 1 .4
MWW. 10.1 through MWW. 10.8
MWW.30.1 through MWW.30.9
MWW. 100.1 and MWW. 100.2
MWW. 120. 1 through MWW. 120. 14
MWW.200.1 through MWW.200. 14
MWW.240.1 through MWW.240.6
Page
Number:
35
37
49
57
61
81
89
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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This Page Intentionally Left Blank
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 34
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
Checklist
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.l
GENERAL
MWW.1.1. The current status
of any ongoing or unresolved
consent orders, compliance
agreements, notice of
violations (NOVs), inter-
agency agreements, or
equivalent state enforcement
actions is required to be
examined.
Determine if noncompliance issues have been resolved by reviewing a copy of the
previous report, consent orders, compliance agreements, NOVs, interagency
agreements, or equivalent state enforcement actions.
(NOTE: For those open items, indicate what corrective action is planned and
milestones established to correct problems.)
MWW.1.2. Facilities are
required to comply with all
applicable federal regulatory
requirements not contained in
this checklist.
Determine if any new regulations have been issued since the finalization of this
document. If so, annotate checklist to include new standards.
Determine if the facility has activities or facilities that are regulated, but not
addressed in this checklist.
Verify that the facility is in compliance with all applicable and newly issued
regulations.
MWW.1.3. Facilities are
required to comply with state
and local regulations
concerning wastewater
management.
Verify that the facility is complying with state and local requirements.
Verify that the facility is operating according to permits issued by the state or local
agencies.
(NOTE: Issues typically regulated by state and local agencies include:
- nonpoint sources
-NPDES permits
- wastewater
- monitoring and recordkeeping for NPDES permitted sources
- certification requirements for laboratories analyzing samples
- wastewater treatment plant operator certification
- sludge disposal
- pretreatment standards
- discharges to sewage treatment facilities
- industrial wastewater
- septic tanks
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- stormwater pollution prevention plan
- stormwater discharges.)
MWW.1.4. The location,
design, construction and
capacity of cooling water
intake structures of any point
source is required to meet
specific parameters (40 CFR
401.14).
Verify that the location, design, construction and capacity of cooling water intake
structures of any point source for which a standard is established pursuant to
section 301 or 306 of the Act reflects the best technology available for minimizing
adverse environmental impact, in accordance with 40 CFR 402.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
MWW.10
NATIONAL POLLUTANT
DISCHARGE
ELIMINATION SYSTEM
(NPDES) PERMITS
MWW.10.1. Point source
discharges are required to
have either a state NPDES, or
a federal NPDES permit if
located in states without an
U.S. EPA approved NPDES
permit program (40 CFR
122. l(b), 122.21(c)(2)(i)
through 122.21(c)(2)(iv), and
122.41(a)).
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that discharges of pollutants from any point source into waters of the
United States have a NPDES permit. 40 CFR 122. l(b)(l)
(NOTE: See definition of Point Source.)
(NOTE: Look for oil/water separators and washracks that discharge directly to the
environment.)
Verify that the following additional point sources have NPDES permits for
discharges:
- concentrated animal feeding operations
- concentrated aquatic animal production facilities
-discharges into aquaculture projects
- discharges of storm water as required in 40 CFR 122.26
- silvicultural point sources.
Duty to Comply
Verify that all permit requirements are being met such as: 40 CFR 122.41(a)
- monitoring/sampling
- concentrations of discharge constituents
- recordkeeping
- reports.
Scope/Who Covered by NPDES
(NOTE: The NPDES permit program also applies to owners or operators of any
treatment works treating domestic sewage, whether or not the treatment works is
otherwise required to obtain an NPDES permit, unless all requirements
implementing section 405(d) of CWA applicable to the treatment works treating
domestic sewage are included in a permit issued under the appropriate provisions
of subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, Part C of the Safe Drinking Water
Act, the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, or the Clean
Air Act, or under state permit programs approved by the U.S. EPA or authorized
regulatory agency as adequate to assure compliance with section 405 of the CWA.
In addition, where no 40 CFR 503 standard exists for a facility's use or disposal
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
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COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
practice, the owner/operator of the facility is not automatically required to submit
a permit application (64 FR 42437 August 4, 1999). For example, industrial
treatment works that treat domestic sewage along with process wastes are not
currently addressed under 40 CFR 503 and, therefore, USEPA does not require
that they apply for a sewage sludge permit at this time (64 FR 42437).)
(NOTE: The U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency may designate any person
subject to the standards for sewage sludge use and disposal as a "treatment works
treating domestic sewage", where they find that a permit is necessary to protect
public health and the environment from the adverse effects of sewage sludge or to
ensure compliance with the technical standards for sludge use and disposal
developed under CWA section 405(d).)
Verify that any person designated as a "treatment works treating domestic sewage"
submits an application for a permit within 180 days of being notified by the
Regional Administrator that a permit is required.
MWW.10.2. Any person who
discharges or proposes to
discharge pollutants or who
owns or operates a "sludge-
only facility" and who does
not have an effective permit,
is required to submit a
complete permit application
according to a specific
schedule (40 CFR 122.21(a)
through 122.21(d), 122.21(f)
through 122.21(k), and
122.21(p)).
(NOTE: This checklist item does not apply to persons covered by general permits
under 40 CFR 122.28, excluded under 40 CFR 122.3 (see the definition for
NPDES Permit Exclusions), or a user of a privately owned treatment works unless
the Director requires otherwise.)
Verify that any person who discharges or proposes to discharge pollutants or who
owns or operates a "sludge-only facility" whose sewage sludge use or disposal
practice is regulated by 40 CFR 503, and who does not have an effective permit,
submits a complete application to the Director according to the following time
schedule:
-any person proposing a new discharge, at least 180 days before the date on
which the discharge is to commence, unless permission for a later date has
been granted by the Director
- construction activity that results in the disturbance of less than 5 acres of
total land area which is not part of a larger common plan of development or
sale, at least 90 days before the date on which construction is to commence
- any existing "treatment works treating domestic sewage" required to have, or
requesting site-specific pollutant limits as provided in 40 CFR 503, within
180 days after publication of a standard applicable to its sewage sludge use
or disposal practices
Sewage Sludge
-for a permit under section 405(f) of the CWA, a TWTDS whose sewage
sludge use or disposal practices are regulated by 40 CFR 503 with a currently
effective NPDES permit, at the time of its next NPDES permit renewal
application
-for a permit under section 405(f) of the CWA, any other TWTDS whose
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
38
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
sewage sludge use or disposal practices are regulated by 40 CFR 503, within
1 yr after publication of a standard applicable to its sewage sludge use or
disposal practice
-for a permit under section 405(f) of the CWA, any TWTDS whose sewage
sludge use or disposal practices are regulated by 40 CFR 503 that
commences operations after promulgation of an applicable "standard for
sewage sludge use or disposal," at least 180 days prior to the date proposed
for commencing operations.
(NOTE: The Director may require permit applications from any TWTDS at any
time if the Director determines that a permit is necessary to protect public health
and the environment from any potential adverse effects that may occur from toxic
pollutants in sewage sludge.)
(NOTE: See the document titled Protocol for Conducting Environmental
Compliance Audits under the Storm Water Program for checklist items for permit
requirements related to storm water.)
Permit Applications
Verify that the application is submitted on a U.S. EPA permit application form and
contains accurate information (see the text of 40 CFR 122.21(f) through 122.21(k)
for a detailed description of the content requirements, including Appendix J to 40
CFR Part 122 - NPDES Testing Requirements for Publicly Owned Treatment
Works).
Verify that records of all data used to complete permit applications and any
supplemental information submitted are retained for a period of at least 3 yr from
the date the application is signed.
(NOTE: When a facility or activity is owned by one person but is operated by
another person, it is the operator's duty to obtain a permit.)
(NOTE: The Director may require permit applications from any "treatment works
treating domestic sewage" at any time if the Director determines that a permit is
necessary to protect public health and the environment from any potential adverse
effects that may occur from toxic pollutants in sewage sludge.)
Reapplication for Permit
Verify that any POTW with a currently effective permit submits a new application
at least 180 days before the expiration date of the existing permit, unless
permission for a later date has been granted by the Director.
Verify that all other permittees with currently effective permits submit a new
application 180 days before the existing permit expires, except that the U.S. EPA
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
39
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
or authorized regulatory agency may grant permission to submit an application
later than the deadline for submission otherwise applicable, but no later than the
permit expiration date.
MWW.10.3. Certain
discharges of storm water are
required to be permitted (40
CFR 122.26(a), 122.26(c),
122.26(d), 122.26(g)(l) and
122.41(a)).
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer
Verify that the municipality has obtained permits for all discharges from large,
medium, or small municipal separate storm sewer systems as required by U.S.
EPA Storm Water Program.
(NOTE: For specific requirements and audit checklist items, refer to U.S. EPA's
Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under the Storm
Water Program.)
MWW.10.4. Conveyances
that discharge storm water
runoff combined with
municipal sewage are point
sources and must obtain
NPDES permits in accordance
with (40 CFR 122.21)
Combined Sewer System
(NOTE: Municipal Combined Sewer Systems are required to implement
BAT/BCT as defined in the U.S. EPA. Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control
Policy. 56 Federal Register No. 75. Pages 18688-18696. 4/19/94.)
Verify whether the facility has a combined sewer system (CSS).
Verify whether the facility has implemented BAT/BCT.
(NOTE: At a minimum BAT/BCT consists of the nine minimum controls listed
below:
- proper operation and regular maintenance programs for the sewer system and
the CSOs
- maximum use of the collection system for storage
- review and modification of pretreatment requirements to assure CSO impacts
are minimized
- maximization of flow to the publicly owned treatment works (POTW) for
treatment
- prohibition of CSOs during dry weather
- control of solid and floatable materials in CSOs
- pollution prevention
- public notification of CSO occurrences and impacts
- monitoring to effectively characterize CSO impacts and the efficacy of CSO
controls.)
(NOTE: CSOs are not subject to secondary treatment requirements applicable to
POTWs.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
40
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify the facility met the January 1, 1997 deadline for implementing the nine
minimum controls.
Verify the facility submitted the appropriate documentation to the permitting
authority showing the implementation of these controls.
Long Term CSO Plan
Verify that the facility has a long-term CSO plan approved by the permitting
authority.
Verify that any requirements/schedules in the NPDES/SPDES permit for
implementation of the long-term CSO control plan.
MWW.10.5. All holders of
NPDES permits are required
to meet certain management
and operational requirements
(40 CFR 122.41(b) through
122.41(n)).
Verify that, if the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by a permit
after the expiration date of the permit, the permittee applied for and obtained a
new permit.
(NOTE: It is not a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would
have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain
compliance with the conditions of this permit.)
Verify that the permittee takes all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any
discharge or sludge use or disposal in violation of the permit that has a reasonable
likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment.
Verify that the permittee at all times properly operates and maintains all facilities
and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are
installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of the
permit.
(NOTE: Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory
controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This requires the operation
of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems that are installed by a permittee
only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of
the permit.)
Modification. Revocation. Reissuance. or Termination
(NOTE: A permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for
cause. The filing of a request by the permittee for a permit modification,
revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or
anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition. A permit does not
convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privilege.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
41
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that the permittee provides to the Director, within a reasonable time, any
information which the Director may request to determine whether cause exists for
modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine
compliance with this permit.
Verify that the permittee also provides to the Director, upon request, copies of
records required to be kept by this permit.
Monitoring
Verify that samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring are
representative of the monitored activity.
Verify that the permittee retains records of all monitoring information, including
all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for
continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by the
permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for the permit, for
a period of at least 3 yr from the date of the sample, measurement, report or
application.
Verify that records of monitoring information required by the permit related to the
permittee's sewage sludge use and disposal activities are retained for a period of at
least 5 yr (or longer as required by 40 CFR 503).
(NOTE: The retention period may be extended by request of the Director at any
time.)
Verify that records of monitoring information include:
- the date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements
- the individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements
- the date(s) analyses were performed
- the individual(s) who performed the analyses
- the analytical techniques or methods used
- the results of such analyses.
Verify that monitoring results are conducted according to test procedures
approved under 40 CFR 136 or, in the case of sludge use or disposal, approved
under 40 CFR 136 unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR 503, unless other test
procedures have been specified in the permit.
Verify that all applications, reports, or information submitted to the Director are
signed and certified as required in 40 CFR 122.22.
Verify that monitoring results are reported at the intervals specified in the permit
and are reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) or forms provided or
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
42
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
specified by the Director for reporting results of monitoring of sludge use or
disposal practices.
Verify that, if the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required
by the permit using approved test procedures, or as specified in the permit, the
results of this monitoring are included in the calculation and reporting of the data
submitted in the DMR or sludge reporting form specified by the Director.
(NOTE: Calculations for all limitations that require averaging of measurements
shall utilize an arithmetic mean unless otherwise specified by the Director in the
permit.)
Notice of Planned Alterations or Additions
Verify that the permittee gives notice to the Director as soon as possible of any
planned physical alterations or additions to the permitted facility.
(NOTE: Notice is required only when:
- the alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria
for determining whether a facility is a new source
- the alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the
quantity of pollutants discharged (This notification applies to pollutants
which are subject neither to effluent limitations in the permit, nor to
notification requirements under 40 CFR 122.42(a)(l))
-the alteration or addition results in a significant change in the permittee's
sludge use or disposal practices, and such alteration, addition, or change may
justify the application of permit conditions that are different from or absent
in the existing permit, including notification of additional use or disposal
sites not reported during the permit application process or not reported
pursuant to an approved land application plan.)
Notice of Permit Transfer
Verify that the permittee gives notice to the Director of any planned changes in the
permitted facility or activity that may result in noncompliance with permit
requirements.
(NOTE: The permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to the
Director. The Director may require modification or revocation and reissuance of
the permit to change the name of the permittee and incorporate such other
requirements as may be necessary under the Clean Water Act (see 40 CFR 122.61;
in some cases, modification or revocation and reissuance is mandatory.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
43
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Other Reports
Verify that reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or any progress reports
on, interim and final requirements contained in any compliance schedule of the
permit are submitted no later than 14 days following each schedule date.
Certain Reports of Noncompliance
Verify that the permittee reports any noncompliance which may endanger health or
the environment such that:
-information is provided orally within 24 h from the time the permittee
became aware of the circumstances
- a written submission is provided within 5 days of the time the permittee
becomes aware of the circumstances and contains a description of the
noncompliance and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact
dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the
anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to
reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
Verify that the following is included as a part of information which must be
reported within 24 h:
- any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit
- any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit
-violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants
listed by the Director in the permit to be reported within 24 h.
(NOTE: The Director may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis if the
oral report has been received within 24 h.)
Verify that the permittee reports all instances of noncompliance that are not
otherwise reported, at the time monitoring reports are submitted.
Verify that where the permittee has become aware that it failed to submit any
relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a
permit application or in any report to the Director, it promptly submits such facts
or information.
Verify that the permittee only allows a bypass to occur which does not cause
effluent limitations to be exceeded, if it is for essential maintenance to assure
efficient operation.
Verify that, if the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it submits
prior notice, if possible, at least 10 days before the date of the bypass.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
44
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that the permittee submits notice of an unanticipated bypass within 24 h.
(NOTE: Bypass is prohibited, and the Director may take enforcement action
against a permittee for bypass, unless:
-bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe
property damage
- there were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary
treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during
normal periods of equipment downtime (This condition is not satisfied if
adequate backup equipment should have been installed in the exercise of
reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during
normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance.)
- the permittee submitted notices as required.
Verify that, if a permittee wishes to establish an affirmative defense of upset, they
demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other
relevant evidence that:
- an upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset
- the permitted facility was at the time being properly operated
-the permittee submitted required 24 h notice of the upset
- the permittee complied with any remedial measures required.
MWW.10.6. All POTWs are
required to meet additional
conditions (40 CFR
122.42(b)).
Verify that all POTWs provide adequate notice to the Director of the following:
-any new introduction of pollutants into the POTW from an indirect
discharger which would be subject to section 301 or 306 of CWA if the
POTW were directly discharging those pollutants
-any substantial change in the volume or character of pollutants being
introduced into that POTW by a source introducing pollutants into the
POTW at the time of issuance of the permit.
(NOTE: Adequate notice shall include information on:
- the quality and quantity of effluent introduced into the POTW
- any anticipated impact of the change on the quantity or quality of effluent to
be discharged from the POTW.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
45
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.10.7. Municipal
separate storm sewer systems
are required to meet
additional conditions (40 CFR
122.42(c)).
Verify that the operator of a large or medium municipal separate storm sewer
system or a municipal separate storm sewer that has been designated by the
Director submits an annual report by the anniversary of the date of the issuance of
the permit for the system.
Verify that the report includes:
- the status of implementing the components of the storm water management
program that are established as permit conditions
-proposed changes to the storm water management programs that are
established as permit conditions
- revisions, if necessary, to the assessment of controls and the fiscal analysis
reported in the permit application
- a summary of data, including monitoring data, that is accumulated throughout
the reporting year
- annual expenditures and budget for year following each annual report
-a summary describing the number and nature of enforcement actions,
inspections, and public education programs
- identification of water quality improvements or degradation.
MWW.10.8. Transfer of
permits may only occur under
certain conditions (40 CFR
122.61 and 122.63).
Verify that a permit is transferred by the permittee to a new owner or operator only
if the permit has been modified or revoked and reissued, or a minor modification
made, to identify the new permittee and incorporate such other requirements as
may be necessary under CWA.
(NOTE: As an alternative, any NPDES permit may be automatically transferred to
a new permittee if:
-the current permittee notifies the Director at least 30 days in advance of the
proposed transfer date
-the notice includes a written agreement between the existing and new
permittees containing a specific date for transfer of permit responsibility,
coverage, and liability between them
-the Director does not notify the existing permittee and the proposed new
permittee of his or her intent to modify or revoke and reissue the permit.)
(NOTE: A modification may also be a minor modification under 40 CFR 122.63.
If this notice is not received, the transfer is effective on the date specified in the
agreement.)
(NOTE: Under 40 CFR 122.63, minor modifications may only:
- correct typographical errors
- require more frequent monitoring or reporting by the permittee
- change an interim compliance date in a schedule of compliance, provided the
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
46
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
new date is not more than 120 days after the date specified in the existing
permit and does not interfere with attainment of the final compliance date
requirement
- allow for a change in ownership or operational control of a facility where the
Director determines that no other change in the permit is necessary, provided
that a written agreement containing a specific date for transfer of permit
responsibility, coverage, and liability between the current and new permittees
has been submitted to the Director
-change the construction schedule for a discharger which is a new source
without affecting a discharger's obligation to have all pollution control
equipment installed and in operation prior to discharge
-delete a point source outfall when the discharge from that outfall is
terminated and does not result in discharge of pollutants from other outfalls
except in accordance with permit limits
-incorporate conditions of a POTW pretreatment program that has been
approved in accordance with the procedures in 40 CFR 403.11 (or a
modification thereto that has been approved in accordance with the
procedures in 40 CFR 403.18) as enforceable conditions of the POTW's
permits.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 43
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.30
PRETREATMENT
PROGRAMS
(NOTE: General Pretreatment regulations (40 CFR 403) apply to the following
(40CFR403.1(b)):
-pollutants from non-domestic sources covered by pretreatment standards
which are indirectly discharged into or transported by truck or rail or
otherwise introduced into POTWs
-POTWs which receive wastewater from sources subject to National
pretreatment standards
-states which have or are applying for NPDES) programs approved in
accordance with section 402 of the CWA
- any new or existing source subject to pretreatment standards.)
(NOTE: National pretreatment standards do not apply to sources which discharge
to a sewer that is not connected to a POTW Treatment Plant.)
MWW.30.1. POTWs are
required to develop specific
limits to ensure compliance
with 40 CFR 403.5(a) and
403.5(b) (40 CFR 403.5(c)
and403.8(f)(4)).
Verify that when the POTW has an approved Pretreatment Program, it develops
and enforces specific limits to implement and enforce the prohibitions listed in 40
CFR 403.5(a)(l) and (b) (see checklist itemMWW.20.1).
(NOTE: Each POTW with an approved pretreatment program shall continue to
develop these limits as necessary and effectively enforce such limits.)
Verify that all other POTWs, in cases where pollutants contributed by industrial
user(s) result in interference or pass-through, and the violation is likely to recur,
develop and enforce specific effluent limits for industrial user(s), and all other
users, as appropriate, which, together with appropriate changes in the POTW's
facilities or operation, ensure renewed and continued compliance with the POTW's
NPDES permit or sludge use or disposal practices.
(NOTE: Specific effluent limits shall not be developed and enforced without
individual notice to persons or groups who have requested such notice and an
opportunity to respond.)
Verify that, if the POTW has not developed local limits as required, the POTW
has demonstrated the limits are not necessary.
MWW.30.2. In certain
circumstances, POTWs are
required to develop a POTW
pretreatment program which
meets specific criteria (40
CFR403.8(a), 403.8(f)(2)).
Verify that any POTW (or combination of POTWs operated by the same
authority) with a total design flow greater than 5 million gallons per day (mgd) and
receiving from industrial users pollutants which pass through or interfere with the
operation of the POTW, or are otherwise subject to pretreatment standards has a
POTW pretreatment program.
(NOTE: The pretreatment program is not required if the NPDES state exercises
its option to assume local responsibilities.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
49
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
(NOTE: The U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency may require that a POTW
with a design flow of 5 mgd or less develop a POTW pretreatment program if the
nature or volume of the industrial influent, treatment process upsets, violations of
POTW effluent limitations, contamination of municipal sludge, or other
circumstances warrant, in order to prevent interference with the POTW or pass
through.)
Verify that the POTW pretreatment program includes procedure which enables the
POTW to:
- identify and locate all possible industrial users which might be subject to the
POTW pretreatment program
- identify the character and volume of pollutants contributed to the POTW by
the identified industrial users
- notify identified industrial users of applicable pretreatment standards and any
applicable requirements under sections 204(b) and 405 of the CWA and
subtitles C and D of RCRA
- receive and analyze serf-monitoring reports and other notices submitted by
industrial users in accordance with the serf-monitoring requirements
- randomly sample and analyze the effluent from industrial users and conduct
surveillance activities in order to identify, independent of information
supplied by industrial users, occasional and continuing noncompliance with
pretreatment standards
- inspect and sample the effluent from each significant industrial user at least
once a year
-evaluate, at least once every 2 yr, whether each significant industrial user
needs a plan to control slug discharges
-investigate instances of noncompliance with pretreatment standards and
Requirements, as indicated in the required reports and notices, or indicated
by analysis, inspection, and surveillance activities
- perform sample taking and analysis and the collection of other information
with sufficient care to produce evidence admissible in enforcement
proceedings or in judicial actions
-comply with the public participation requirements of 40 CFR 25 in the
enforcement of national pretreatment standards.
Verify that the procedures include provisions for at least annual public notification
in the largest daily newspaper published in the municipality in which the POTW is
located, of industrial users which, at any time during the previous 12 mo, were in
significant noncompliance with applicable pretreatment requirements.
(NOTE: An industrial user is in significant noncompliance if its violation meets
one or more of the following criteria:
- chronic violations of wastewater discharge limits, defined here as those in
which 66 percent or more of all of the measurements taken during a 6-mo
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
50
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
period exceed (by any magnitude) the daily maximum limit or the average
limit for the same pollutant parameter
-Technical Review Criteria (TRC) violations, defined as those in which 33
percent or more of all of the measurements for each pollutant parameter
taken during a 6-mo period equal or exceed the product of the daily
maximum limit or the average limit multiplied by the applicable TRC
(TRC=1.4 for BOD, TSS, fats, oil, and grease, and 1.2 for all other pollutants
except pH)
-any other violation of a pretreatment effluent limit (daily maximum or
longer-term average) that the Control Authority determines has caused, alone
or in combination with other discharges, interference or pass through
(including endangering the health of POTW personnel or the general public)
-any discharge of a pollutant that has caused imminent endangerment to
human health, welfare or to the environment or has resulted in the POTW's
exercise of its emergency authority to halt or prevent such a discharge
- failure to meet, within 90 days after the schedule date, a compliance schedule
milestone contained in a local control mechanism or enforcement order for
starting construction, completing construction, or attaining final compliance
-failure to provide, within 30 days after the due date, required reports such as
baseline monitoring reports, 90-day compliance reports, periodic self-
monitoring reports, and reports on compliance with compliance schedules
- failure to accurately report noncompliance
-any other violation or group of violations which the Control Authority
determines will adversely affect the operation or implementation of the local
pretreatment program.)
MWW.30.3. A POTW
requesting approval of a
POTW pretreatment program
is required to develop a
program description and
follow certain procedures (40
CFR 403.9(a) through
403.9(c), 403.9(e), and
403.9(g)).
Verify that the program description is submitted to the Approval Authority that
will make a determination on the request for program approval.
Verify that a POTW requesting approval of a POTW pretreatment program
develops a program description which contains the following information:
- a statement from the City Solicitor or a city official acting in a comparable
capacity (or the attorney for those POTWs which have independent legal
counsel) that the POTW has authority adequate to carry out the programs
described in 40 CFR 403.8. This statement shall:
-identify the provision of the legal authority under 40 CFR 403.8(f)(l)
which provides the basis for each procedure under 40 CFR 403.8(f)(2)
- identify the manner in which the POTW will implement the program
requirements set forth in 40 CFR 403.8, including the means by which
pretreatment standards will be applied to individual industrial users
(e.g., by order, permit, ordinance, etc.)
- identify how the POTW intends to ensure compliance with pretreatment
standards and requirements, and to enforce them in the event of
noncompliance by industrial users
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
51
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
-a copy of any statutes, ordinances, regulations, agreements, or other
authorities relied upon by the POTW for its administration of the Program,
including a statement reflecting the endorsement or approval of the local
boards or bodies responsible for supervising and/or funding the POTW
Pretreatment Program if approved
- a brief description (including organization charts) of the POTW organization
which will administer the Pretreatment Program. If more than one agency is
responsible for administration of the Program the responsible agencies
should be identified, their respective responsibilities delineated, and their
procedures for coordination set forth
-a description of the funding levels and full- and part-time manpower
available to implement the Program.
(NOTE: The POTW may request conditional approval of the pretreatment
program pending the acquisition of funding and personnel for certain elements of
the program. The request for conditional approval must meet the requirements set
forth for the program description except that the requirements may be relaxed if
the submission demonstrates that:
-a limited aspect of the Program does not need to be implemented
immediately
-the POTW had adequate legal authority and procedures to carry out those
aspects of the program which will not be implemented immediately
- funding and personnel for the program aspects to be implemented at a later
date will be available when needed.
The POTW will describe in the submission the mechanism by which this funding
will be acquired. Upon receipt of a request for conditional approval, the Approval
Authority will establish a fixed date for the acquisition of the needed funding and
personnel. If funding is not acquired by this date, the conditional approval of the
POTW Pretreatment Program and any removal allowances granted to the POTW,
may be modified or withdrawn.)
Verify that any POTW requesting POTW pretreatment program approval submits
to the Approval Authority three copies of the submission.
Verify that the POTW pretreatment program is consistent with any approved water
quality management plan developed in accordance with 40 CFR 130, 131, as
revised, where such 208 plan includes Management Agency designations and
addresses pretreatment in a manner consistent with 40 CFR 403.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
52
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.30.4. POTWs are
required to have sufficient
resources a qualified
personnel to carry out the
POTW pretreatment program
(40CFR403.8(f)(3)).
Verify that the POTW has sufficient resources and qualified personnel to carry out
the Pretreatment Program authorities and procedures.
(NOTE: In some limited circumstances, funding and personnel may be delayed
where:
-the POTW has adequate legal authority and procedures to carry out the
pretreatment program requirements
-a limited aspect of the Program does not need to be implemented
immediately.)
MWW.30.5. POTWs are
required to develop and
implement an enforcement
response plan (40 CFR
403.8(f)(5)).
Verify that the POTW develops and implements an enforcement response plan that
contains detailed procedures indicating how a POTW will investigate and respond
to instances of industrial user noncompliance.
Verify that the plan, at a minimum:
- describes how the POTW will investigate instances of noncompliance
- describes the types of escalating enforcement responses the POTW will take
in response to all anticipated types of industrial user violations and the time
periods within which responses will take place
- identifies (by title) the official(s) responsible for each type of response
-adequately reflects the POTWs primary responsibility to enforce all
applicable pretreatment requirements and standards.
MWW.30.6. POTWs are
required to prepare and
maintain a list of significant
industrial users (40 CFR
403.8(f)(6)).
Verify that the POTW maintains a list of significant industrial users (40 CFR
403.3(t)) and the criteria applicable to each industrial user.
Verify that the list indicates whether the POTW has made a determination that the
industrial user should not be considered a significant industrial user.
Verify that the list, plus any modifications, is submitted to the Approval Authority.
MWW.30.7. POTWs with
approved Pretreatment
Programs are required to
provide the Approval
Authority with a report
containing certain information
(40 CFR 403.12(i)).
Verify that POTWs with approved Pretreatment Programs provide the Approval
Authority with a report that briefly describes the POTWs program activities,
including activities of all participating agencies, if more than one jurisdiction is
involved in the local program.
Verify that the required report is submitted no later than 1 yr after approval of the
POTWs Pretreatment Program, and at least annually thereafter.
Verify that the report includes, at a minimum, the following:
- an updated list of the POTWs industrial users, including their names and
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
addresses, or a list of deletions and additions keyed to a previously submitted
list, including:
- a brief explanation of each deletion
-which Industrial Users are subject to categorical pretreatment Standards
and specify which Standards are applicable to each Industrial User
-which Industrial Users are subject to local standards that are more
stringent than the categorical Pretreatment Standards
-the Industrial Users that are subject only to local Requirements
- a summary of the status of Industrial User compliance over the reporting
period
- a summary of compliance and enforcement activities (including inspections)
conducted by the POTW during the reporting period
- a summary of changes to the POTW's pretreatment program that have not
been previously reported to the Approval Authority
- any other relevant information requested by the Approval Authority.
MWW.30.8. POTWs are
required to keep specific
reports (40 CFR 403.12(o)).
Verify that records are kept of all information resulting from monitoring activities.
Verify that the records include for all samples the following information:
- the date, exact place, methods, and time of sampling and the names of the
person or persons taking the samples
- the dates analyses were performed
- who performed analyses
- the analytical techniques, methods used
-the results of the analyses.
Verify that records are kept for 3 yr. and are signed and certified by the equivalent
of a responsible corporate officer.
MWW.30.9. POTWs which
are required to collect whole
effluent toxicity (WET) data
must meet specific
requirements (40 CFR
122.210)).
(NOTE: Many new and existing POTWs (with approved pretreatment programs
or meeting certain other criteria) are required to collect WET data for submission
to the permitting authority at time of application or re-application for an NPDES
permit.)
Verify that the following POTWs provide the results of valid whole effluent
biological toxicity testing to the Director:
- all POTWs with design influent flows equal to or greater than one million
gallons per day
-all POTWs with approved pretreatment programs or POTWs required to
develop a pretreatment program
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
(NOTE: In addition to the POTWs listed above, the Director may require other
POTWs to submit the results of toxicity tests with their permit applications, based
on consideration of the following factors:
- the variability of the pollutants or pollutant parameters in the POTW effluent
(based on chemical-specific information, the type of treatment facility, and
types of industrial contributors)
- the dilution of the effluent in the receiving water (ratio of effluent flow to
receiving stream flow)
-existing controls on point or nonpoint sources, including total maximum
daily load calculations for the waterbody segment and the relative
contribution of the POTW
- receiving stream characteristics, including possible or known water quality
impairment, and whether the POTW discharges to a coastal water, one of the
Great Lakes, or a water designated as an outstanding natural resource
- other considerations (including but not limited to the history of toxic impact
and compliance problems at the POTW), which the Director determines
could cause or contribute to adverse water quality impacts.)
Verify that POTWs required to conduct toxicity testing use U.S. EPA's methods or
other established protocols that are scientifically defensible and sufficiently
sensitive to detect aquatic toxicity.
Verify that testing has been conducted since the last NPDES permit reissuance or
permit modification under 40 CFR 122.62(a), whichever occurred later.
Verify that all POTWs with approved pretreatment programs provide a written
technical evaluation of the need to revise local limits under 40 CFR 403.5(c)(l) to
the Director.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
USE OR DISPOSAL OF
SEWAGE SLUDGE
MWW.100
General
(NOTE: These general requirements apply to the final use and disposal of sewage
sludge generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works.
For exclusions see the definition of the term Exempted Sewage Sludge (40 CFR
503. l(a)).)
MWW.100.1. Representative
samples of sewage sludge
applied to the land, placed on
a surface disposal site, or fired
in a sewage sludge incinerator
are required to be collected
and analyzed (40 CFR 503.8).
Determine if sewage sludge is applied to the land, placed on a surface disposal
site, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
Verify that the sewage sludge (see definitions of Class A Sewage Sludge and Class
B Sewage Sludge in this document) is analyzed prior to application, placement, or
firing for the following according to the methodologies outlined in 40 CFR
503.8(b):
- enteric viruses
- fecal conforms
- helminth ova
- inorganic pollutants
- salmonella bacteria
-SOUR
- total, fixed, and volatile solids.
MWW. 100.2. Holders of
sludge management permits
are required to meet certain
conditions (40 CFR
501.15(b)(l), 501.15(b)(2),
501.15(b)(4) through
501.15(b)(8), 501.15(b)(10)
through 501.15(b)(14)).
Verify that the permittee complies with all conditions of this permit.
(NOTE: Any noncompliance with 40 CFR Part 503 constitutes a violation of the
Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit termination,
revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal
application.
Verify that the permittee complies with standards for sewage sludge use or
disposal established under 40 CFR 503) within the time provided in the
regulations that establish such standards even if this permit has not yet been
modified to incorporate the standards.
(NOTE: It is not a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would
have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain
compliance with the conditions of this permit.)
Verify that the permittee takes all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent sludge
use or disposal in violation of the permit that has a reasonable likelihood of
adversely affecting human health or the environment.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that the permittee all times properly operates and maintains all facilities and
systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) that are installed or
used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of the permit.
(NOTE: Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory
controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures.)
Verify that back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems that are installed by a
permittee are only operated when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance
with the conditions of the permit.
(NOTE: This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for
cause. The filing of a request by the permittee for a permit modification,
revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or
anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition.
Verify that the permittee furnishes to the Director, within a reasonable time, any
information which the Director may request to determine whether cause exists for
modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine
compliance with this permit.
Verify that the permittee also furnishes to the Director, upon request, copies of
records required to be kept by this permit.
Verify that the permittee monitors and reports monitoring results as specified in
the permit with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of its sludge use or
disposal practices.
(NOTE: At a minimum, this will be as required by 40 CFR 503.)
Verify that samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring are
representative of the monitored activity.
Verify that the permittee retains records of all monitoring information, copies of
all reports required by this permit, and records of all data used to complete the
application for this permit, for a period of at least 5 yr from the date of the sample,
measurement, report or application, or longer as required by 40 CFR 503.
(NOTE: This period for retention of records may be extended by request of the
Director at any time.)
Verify that records of monitoring information include:
- the date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements
- the individuals who performed the sampling or measurements
- the dates analyses were performed
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
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REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- the individuals who performed the analyses
- the analytical techniques or methods used;
- the results of such analyses.
Verify that monitoring is conducted according to test procedures specified in 40
CFR 503 or 136 unless other test procedures have been specified in this permit.
Verify that all applications, reports, or information submitted to the Director shall
be signed and certified according to the provisions of 40 CFR 122.22.
Verify that the permittee gives notice to the Director as soon as possible of any
planned physical alterations or additions to the permitted facility, or significant
changes planned in the permittee's sludge disposal practice, where such alterations,
additions, or changes may justify the application of permit conditions that are
different from or absent in the existing permit, including notification of additional
disposal sites not reported during the permit application process or not reported
pursuant to an approved land application plan.
Verify that the permittee gives advance notice to the Director of any planned
changes in the permitted facility or activity that may result in noncompliance with
permit requirements.
(NOTE: This permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to the
Director. The Director may require modification or revocation and reissuance of
the permit to change the name of the permittee and incorporate such other
requirements as may be necessary under the CWA.)
Verify that the permittee reports all instances of noncompliance and the reports of
noncompliance are submitted with the permittee's next self monitoring report or
earlier, if requested by the Director or if required by an applicable standard for
sewage sludge use or disposal or condition of this permit.
Verify that, where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any
relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a
permit application or in any report to the Director, it promptly submits such facts
or information.
(NOTE: If a standard for sewage sludge use or disposal applicable to permittee's
use or disposal methods is promulgated before the expiration of this permit, and
that standard is more stringent than the sludge pollutant limits or acceptable
management practices authorized in this permit, or controls a pollutant or practice
not limited in this permit, this permit may be promptly modified or revoked and
reissued to conform to the new standard for sludge use or disposal.
Verify that, if the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by the permit
after the expiration date of this permit, the permittee applies for a new permit.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
USE OR DISPOSAL OF
SEWAGE SLUDGE
MWW.120
Land Application - General
(NOTE: These general requirements apply to the final use and disposal of sewage
sludge generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works.
For exclusions see the definition of the term Exempted Sewage Sludge (40 CFR
503. l(a)).)
(NOTE: The requirements for land application of sewage sludge apply to any
person who prepares sewage sludge that is applied to the land, to any person who
applies sewage sludge to the land, to sewage sludge applied to the land, and to the
land on which sewage sludge is applied (40 CFR 503.10(a)).)
(NOTE: These requirements for land application do not apply when one or both
of the following meets the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of
this document, the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for Class A
Sewage Sludge in this document), and one of the eight processing options for
meeting the vector attraction reduction requirements (see definition for Vector
Attraction Reduction Options in this document):
- when a bulk material derived from sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when a material derived from sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or
other container for application to the land (40 CFR 503.10(d), and
503.10(g)).)
MWW.120.1. The land
application of sewage sludge
must meet certain general
requirements (40 CFR
503.10(b), 503.10(c),
503.10(e), 503.10(f), and
503.12(a) through 503.12(c),
503.12(e), 503.12(h), and
503.120)).
(NOTE: These requirements do not apply when the following meets the pollutant
concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document, the Class A pathogen
requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage Sludge in this document), and one
of the eight processing options for meeting the vector attraction reduction
requirements (see definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document):
- when bulk sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when a bulk material derived from sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for
application to the land
- when a material derived from sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or
other container for application to the land.)
Verify that no person applies bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative
pollutant loading rates in 40 CFR 503.13(b)(2) (see Table 2 of Appendix B of this
document) to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site if
any of the cumulative pollutant loading rates has been reached.
Verify that no person applies domestic septage to agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site during a 365 day period if the annual application rate in 40 CFR
503.13(c) (see checklist item MWW.120.3) has been reached during that period.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that the person who applies sewage sludge to the land obtains the
information needed to comply with the requirements in 40 CFR 503, Subpart B:
Land Application.
Verify that before bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading
rates in Table 2 of Appendix B of this document is applied to the land, the person
who proposes to apply the bulk sewage sludge contacts the permitting authority for
the state in which the bulk sewage sludge will be applied to determine whether
bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2 of
Appendix 3 has been applied to the site since July 20, 1993.
(NOTE: If bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in
Table 2, Appendix B of this document has not been applied to the site since July
20, 1993, the cumulative amount for each pollutant listed in Table 2, Appendix B
of this document may be applied to agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site,
or a reclamation site.)
Verify that, if bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates
in Table 2, Appendix B of this document has been applied to the site since July 20,
1993, and the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk
sewage sludge since that date is known, the cumulative amount of each pollutant
applied to the site is used to determine the additional amount of each pollutant that
can be applied to agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation
site.
Verify that, if bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates
in Table 2, Appendix B of this document has been applied to the site since July 20,
1993, and the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk
sewage sludge since that date is not known, an additional amount of each pollutant
is not applied to the agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site, or a
reclamation site.
Verify that the person who applies bulk sewage sludge to the land provides the
owner or lease holder of the land on which the bulk sewage sludge is applied
notice and necessary information to comply with the requirements in Subpart B of
40 CFR 503.
Verify that any person who applies bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative
pollutant loading rates in Table 2 of Appendix B of this document to the land
provides written notice, prior to the initial application of bulk sewage sludge to a
land application site by the applier, to the permitting authority for the state in
which the bulk sewage sludge will be applied and the permitting authority shall
retain and provide access to the notice.
Verify that the notice includes:
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- the location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of the land
application site
-the name, address, telephone number, and NPDES permit number (if
appropriate) of the person who will apply the bulk sewage sludge.
(NOTE: The U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency, in the case of a state with
an approved sludge management program, may apply any or all of these
requirements to the bulk sewage sludge or to bulk material derived from sewage
sludge on a case-by-case basis after determining that the general requirements are
needed to protect public health and the environment from any reasonably
anticipated adverse effect that may occur from any pollutant in the bulk sewage
sludge or the bulk material derived from sewage sludge.)
MWW. 120.2. Preparers of
sewage sludge for land
application are required to
meet general requirements (40
CFR 503.10(b), 503.10(c),
503.10(e), 503.10(f), and
503.12(d), 503.12(f),
503.12(g), and 503.12(i)).
(NOTE: These requirements do not apply when the following meets the pollutant
concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document, the Class A pathogen
requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage Sludge in this document), and one
of the eight processing options for meeting the vector attraction reduction
requirements (see definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document):
- when bulk sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when a bulk material derived from sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for
application to the land
- when a material derived from sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or
other container for application to the land.)
Verify that the person who prepares bulk sewage sludge that is applied to
agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site provides the
person who applies the bulk sewage sludge written notification of the
concentration of total nitrogen (as N on a dry weight basis) in the bulk sewage
sludge.
Verify that when a person who prepares bulk sewage sludge provides the bulk
sewage sludge to a person who applies the bulk sewage sludge to the land, the
person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge provides the person who applies the
sewage sludge notice and necessary information to comply with the requirements
in Subpart B of 40 CFR 503.
Verify that when a person who prepares sewage sludge provides the sewage sludge
to another person who prepares the sewage sludge, the person who provides the
sewage sludge provides the person who receives the sewage sludge notice and
necessary information to comply with the requirements in Subpart B of 40 CFR
503.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that any person who prepares bulk sewage sludge that is applied to land in a
state other than the state in which the bulk sewage sludge is prepared provides
written notice, prior to the initial application of bulk sewage sludge to the land
application site by the applier, to the permitting authority for the state in which the
bulk sewage sludge is proposed to be applied.
Verify that the notice includes:
- the location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each land
application site
- the approximate time period bulk sewage sludge will be applied to the site
-the name, address, telephone number, and NPDES permit number (if
appropriate) for the person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge
-the name, address, telephone number, and NPDES permit number (if
appropriate) for the person who will apply the bulk sewage sludge.
(NOTE: The U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency, in the case of a state with
an approved sludge management program, may apply any or all of these
requirements to the bulk sewage sludge or to bulk material derived from sewage
sludge on a case-by-case basis after determining that the general requirements are
needed to protect public health and the environment from any reasonably
anticipated adverse effect that may occur from any pollutant in the bulk sewage
sludge or the bulk material derived from sewage sludge.)
MWW. 120.3. Sewage sludge
and domestic septage must
meet specific standards
according to the type of land
application it will be used for
(40 CFR 503.13(a) and
503.13(c))
Verify that bulk sewage sludge or sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or
other container shall not be applied to the land if the concentration of any pollutant
in the sewage sludge exceeds the ceiling concentration for the pollutant in Table 3
of Appendix B of this document.
Verify that, if bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public
contact site, or a reclamation site, either:
- the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant does not exceed the cumulative
pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in Table 2 of Appendix B of this
document
- the concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge does not exceed the
concentration for the pollutant in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document.
Verify that, if bulk sewage sludge is applied to a lawn or a home garden, the
concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge does not exceed the
concentration for the pollutant in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document.
Verify that, if sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for
application to the land, either:
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
64
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- the concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge does not exceed the
concentration for the pollutant in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document
- the product of the concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge and
the annual whole sludge application rate for the sewage sludge does not
cause the annual pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in Table 4 of
Appendix B to be exceeded.
(NOTE: The procedure used to determine the annual whole sludge application
rate is presented in appendix A of 40 CFR 503.)
Verify that the annual application rate for domestic septage applied to agricultural
lands, forest or a reclamation site during a 365 day period does not exceed the
annual application rate calculated using the following equation:
N
AAR =
0.0026
AAR = annual application rate in gallons per acre per 365-day period
N = amount of nitrogen in Ib per acre per 365 day period needed by the
crop or vegetation grown on the land.
MWW. 120.4. Certain
management practices are
required for the land
application of sludge (40 CFR
503.10(b), 503.10(c),
503.10(e), 503.10(f), and
503.14).
(NOTE: These requirements do not apply when the following meets the pollutant
concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document, the Class A pathogen
requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage Sludge in this document), and one
of the eight processing options for meeting the vector attraction reduction
requirements (see definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document):
- when bulk sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when a bulk material derived from sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for
application to the land
- when a material derived from sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or
other container for application to the land.)
Verify that bulk sewage sludge is not applied to the land if it is likely to adversely
affect a threatened or endangered species listed under section 4 of the Endangered
Species Act or its designated critical habitat.
Verify that bulk sewage sludge is not applied to agricultural land, forest, a public
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
contact site, or a reclamation site that is flooded, frozen, or snow-covered so that
the bulk sewage sludge enters a wetland or other waters of the United States,
except as provided in a permit issued pursuant to section 402 or 404 of the CWA.
Verify that bulk sewage sludge is not applied to agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site that is 10 m or less from waters of the United States unless
otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
Verify that bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public
contact site, or a reclamation site at a whole sludge application rate that is equal to
or less than the agronomic rate for the bulk sewage sludge, unless, in the case of a
reclamation site, otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
Verify that, either a label is affixed to the bag or other container in which sewage
sludge that is sold or given away for application to the land, or an information
sheet is provided to the person who receives sewage sludge sold or given away in
another container for application to the land.
Verify that the label or information sheet contains the following information:
- the name and address of the person who prepared the sewage sludge that is
sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land
- a statement that application of the sewage sludge to the land is prohibited
except in accordance with the instructions on the label or information sheet
- the annual whole sludge application rate for the sewage sludge that does not
cause any of the annual pollutant loading rates in Table 4 of Appendix B of
this document to be exceeded.
(NOTE: The U.S. EPA or authorized regulatory agency, in the case of a state with
an approved sludge management program, may apply any or all of these
requirements to the bulk sewage sludge or to bulk material derived from sewage
sludge on a case-by-case basis after determining that the general requirements are
needed to protect public health and the environment from any reasonably
anticipated adverse effect that may occur from any pollutant in the bulk sewage
sludge or the bulk material derived from sewage sludge.)
MWW. 120.5. The land
application of sludge is
required to meet certain
operational practices for
pathogen and vector attraction
reduction (40 CFR 503.15).
Verify that the Class A pathogen requirements or the Class B pathogen
requirements and site restrictions (see definitions of Class A Sewage Sludge and
Class B Sewage Sludge in this document) are met when bulk sewage sludge is
applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site.
(NOTE: The site restrictions related to Class B pathogen requirements are:
- food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil mixture and
are totally above the land surface will not be harvested for 14 mo after
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
66
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
application of sewage sludge
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge when the sewage
sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or longer prior to incorporation
into the soil
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge when the sewage
sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4 mo prior to incorporation
into the soil
-food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for 30 days after
application of sewage sludge
- animals will not be allowed to graze on the land for 30 days after application
of sewage sludge
- turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied is not harvested for 1 yr
after application of the sewage sludge when the harvested turf is placed on
either land with a high potential for public exposure or a lawn, unless
otherwise specified by the permitting authority
- public access to land with a high potential for public exposure is restricted
for 1 yr after application of sewage sludge
- public access to land with a low potential for public exposure is restricted for
30 days after application of sewage sludge.)
Verify that the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition of Class A Sewage
Sludge) are met when:
-bulk sewage sludge is applied to a lawn or a home garden (40 CFR
503.10(b)(l))
-sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for
application to the land (40 CFR 503.10(e)).
Verify that either of the following requirements are met when domestic septage is
applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site:
- compliance with the site restrictions associated with Class B Sewage Sludge
(see previous NOTE)
-the pH of domestic septage is raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and,
without the addition of more alkali, remains at 12 or higher for 30 minutes
and the following site restrictions are met:
-food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil
mixture and are totally above the land surface will not be harvested for
14 mo after application of sewage sludge
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
67
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4 mo prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for 30 days
after application of sewage sludge.
Verify that one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in paragraphs 1
through 10 of the definition of Vector Attraction Reduction Options is met when
bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a
reclamation site.
Verify that one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in paragraphs 1
through 8 of the definition of Vector Attraction Reduction Options is met when
bulk sewage sludge is applied to a lawn or a home garden.
Verify that one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in paragraphs 1
through 8 of the definition of Vector Attraction Reduction Options is met when
sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to
the land.
Verify that the vector requirements in paragraphs 9, 10, or 12 of the definition of
Vector Attraction Reduction Options is met when domestic septage is applied to
agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site.
MWW. 120.6. Monitoring of
land application sludge is
required to be done according
to specific parameters (40
CFR503.16).
Verify that the frequency of monitoring for the following is done according to the
frequencies listed in Table 5 of Appendix B of this document:
-the pollutants listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 of Appendix B
of this document
-the pathogen density requirements and the vector attraction reduction (see
checklist item MWW. 120.5).
(NOTE: After the sewage sludge has been monitored for 2 yr at the frequency in
Table 5 of Appendix B of this document, the permitting authority may reduce the
frequency of monitoring for pollutant concentrations and for the pathogen density
requirements, but in no case shall the frequency of monitoring be less than once
per year when sewage sludge is applied to the land.)
Verify that, if either the following pathogen requirements or the vector attraction
reduction requirements are met when domestic septage is applied to agricultural
land, forest, or a reclamation site, each container of domestic septage applied to
the land is monitored for compliance with these requirements.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
68
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
-the pH of domestic septage is raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and,
without the addition of more alkali, remains at 12 or higher for 30 minutes
and the following site restrictions are met:
-food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil
mixture and are totally above the land surface will not be harvested for
14 mo after application of sewage sludge
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4 mo prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for 30 days
after application of sewage sludge
-the pH of domestic septage is raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and,
without the addition of more alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for 30 min.
MWW. 120.7. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met by preparers of
sewage sludge (40 CFR
503.17(a)(l)).
(NOTE: This checklist item applies to persons who prepares the following sewage
that meets the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document,
the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage Sludge),
and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements (see definition for Vector
Attraction Reduction Options):
-bulk sewage sludge applied to the land
- sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or other container for application
to the land.)
Verify that the preparer develops the following information and retains the
information for 5 yr:
- the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document in the sewage sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the Class A pathogen requirements in
Sec. 503.32(a) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert
one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in Sec. 503.33(b)(l)
through Sec. 503.33(b)(8)] have been met. This determination has been
made under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system
designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate
the information used to determine that the pathogen requirements and
vector attraction reduction requirements have been met. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
69
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- a description of how the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for
Class A Sewage Sludge in this document) are met.
- a description of how one of the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this documentj is met.
MWW. 120.8. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met by persons
deriving materials from
sewage sludge (40 CFR
503.17(a)(2)).
(NOTE: This checklist item applies to persons who prepares the following sewage
that meets the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this document,
the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage Sludge in
this document), and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this document,):
- when a bulk material derived from sewage sludge is applied to the land
- when a material derived from sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or
other container for application to the land.)
Verify that the person who derives the material develops the following information
and retains the information for 5 yr:
- the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table I of Appendix B of this
document
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the Class A pathogen requirements in
Sec. 503.32(a) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert
one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in Sec. 503.33 (b)(l)
through (b)(8)] have been met. This determination has been made under
my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information used to determine that the pathogen requirements and the
vector attraction reduction requirements have been met. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for
Class A Sewage Sludge in this document) are met
- a description of how one of the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this document) is met.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
70
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW. 120.9. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when bulk
sewage sludge meeting the
pollutant concentrations in
Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document, the Class A
pathogen requirements, and
certain vector attraction
reduction requirements, is
applied to agricultural land,
forest, a public contact site, or
a reclamation site (40 CFR
503.17(a)(3)).
(NOTE: This checklist item applies to the application of bulk sewage sludge to
agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site.)
Verify that, if the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document, the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage
Sludge in this document), and the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
paragraph 9 or 10 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document) are met, the person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge develops the
following information and retains the information for 5 yr:
- the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document in the bulk sewage sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the pathogen requirements in Sec.
503.32(a) have been met. This determination has been made under my
direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information used to determine that the pathogen requirements have been
met. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for
Class A Sewage Sludge in this document) are met.
Verify that, if the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document, the Class A pathogen requirements (see definition for Class A Sewage
Sludge in this document), and the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
paragraph 9 or 10 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document) are met, the person who applies the bulk sewage sludge develops the
following information and retains the information for 5 yr:
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the management practices in Sec.
503.14 and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert either
Sec. 503.33 (b)(9) or (b)(10)] have been met. This determination has
been made under my direction and supervision in accordance with the
system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information used to determine that the management practices
and vector attraction reduction requirements have been met. I am aware
that there are significant penalties for false certification including fine and
imprisonment."
-a description of how the management practices in 40 CFR 503.14 (see
checklist item MWW. 120.4) are met for each site on which bulk sewage
sludge is applied
-a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
paragraph 9 or 10 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
71
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
in this document,) are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge is
applied.
MWW.120.10. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when bulk
sewage sludge meeting the
pollutant concentrations in
Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document and the Class B
pathogen requirements is
applied to agricultural land,
forest, a public contact site, or
a reclamation site (40 CFR
503.17(a)(4)).
(NOTE: This checklist item applies to the application of bulk sewage sludge to
agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site.)
Verify that, if the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document and the Class B pathogen requirements (see definition for Class B
Sewage Sludge in this document) are met, the person who prepares the bulk
sewage sludge develops the following information and retains the information for
Syr:
- the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document in the bulk sewage sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify under, penalty of law, that the Class B pathogen requirements in
Sec. 503.32(b) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert
one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in Sec. 503.33 (b)(l)
through (b)(8) if one of those requirements is met] have been met. This
determination has been made under my direction and supervision in
accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information used to determine that the
pathogen requirements [and vector attraction reduction requirements if
applicable] have been met. I am aware that there are significant penalties
for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the Class B pathogen requirements (see definition for
Class B Sewage Sludge in this document) are met
-a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
paragraphs 1 through 8 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction
Options in this document,) are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge
is applied.
Verify that, if the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document and the Class B pathogen requirements (see definition for Class B
Sewage Sludge in this document) are met, the person who applies the bulk sewage
sludge develops the following information and retains the information for 5 yr:
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the management practices in Sec.
503.14, the site restrictions in Sec. 503.32(b)(5), and the vector attraction
reduction requirements in [insert either Sec. 503.33 (b)(9) or (b)(10), if
one of those requirements is met] have been met for each site on which
bulk sewage sludge is applied. This determination has been made under
my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
72
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information used to determine that the management practices and site
restrictions [and the vector attraction reduction requirements if
applicable] have been met. I am aware that there are significant penalties
for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."
-a description of how the management practices in 40 CFR 503.14 (see
checklist item MWW. 120.4) are met for each site on which bulk sewage
sludge is applied
- a description of how the following site restrictions are met for each site on
which bulk sewage sludge is applied:
-food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil
mixture and are totally above the land surface will not be harvested for
14 mo after application of sewage sludge
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4 mo prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for 30 days
after application of sewage sludge
-animals will not be allowed to graze on the land for 30 days after
application of sewage sludge
- turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied is not harvested for
1 yr after application of the sewage sludge when the harvested turf is
placed on either land with a high potential for public exposure or a
lawn, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority
-public access to land with a high potential for public exposure is
restricted for 1 yr after application of sewage sludge
-public access to land with a low potential for public exposure is
restricted for 30 days after application of sewage sludge
-a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
paragraph 9 or 10 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options
in this document,) are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge is
applied.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
73
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.120.11. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when the
cumulative loading rate for
each pollutant does not
exceed the cumulative
pollutant loading rate for the
pollutant in bulk sewage
sludge applied to agricultural
land, forest, a public contact
site, or a reclamation site (40
CFR503.17(a)(5)).
Verify that, if the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant does not exceed the
cumulative pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in Table 2 Appendix B of this
document are met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest,
a public contact site, or a reclamation site, the person who prepares the bulk
sewage sludge develops the following information and retains the information for
Syr:
- the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 3 of Appendix B of this
document in the bulk sewage sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the pathogen requirements in [insert
either Sec. 503.32(a) or Sec. 503.32(b)] and the vector attraction
reduction requirement in [insert one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements in Sec. 503.33 (b)(l) through (b)(8) if one of those
requirements is met] have been met. This determination has been made
under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system
designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate
the information used to determine that the pathogen requirements [and
vector attraction reduction requirements] have been met. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how either the Class A or Class B pathogen requirements are
met (see the definitions for Class A Sewage Sludge and Class B Sewage
Sludge in this document)
-a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements (see
paragraph 1 through 8 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction
Options in this document,) are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge
is applied.
Verify that, if the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant does not exceed the
cumulative pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in Table 2, Appendix B of this
document are met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest,
a public contact site, or a reclamation site, the person who applies the bulk sewage
sludge develops the following information and retains the information indefinitely:
- the location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each site on
which bulk sewage sludge is applied
- the number of hectares in each site on which bulk sewage sludge is applied
- the date and time bulk sewage sludge is applied to each site
-the cumulative amount of each pollutant (i.e., kilograms) listed in Table 2 of
Appendix B of this document in the bulk sewage sludge applied to each site,
including the cumulative amount of each pollutant in the bulk sewage sludge
applied to the site after July 20, 1993
- the amount of sewage sludge (i.e., metric tons) applied to each site
- the following certification statement:
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
74
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the requirements to obtain
information in Sec. 503.12(e)(2) have been met for each site on which
bulk sewage sludge is applied. This determination has been made under
my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information used to determine that the requirements to obtain information
have been met. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false
certification including fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the requirements to obtain information on whether bulk
sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates has been
applied to the site since July 20, 1993.
Verify that, if the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant does not exceed the
cumulative pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in Table 2 Appendix B of this
document are met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest,
a public contact site, or a reclamation site, the person who applies the bulk sewage
sludge develops the following information and retains the information for 5 yr.
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the management practices in Sec.
503.14 have been met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge is
applied. This determination has been made under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information used to
determine that the management practices have been met. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including fine and
imprisonment."
-a description of how the management practices in 40 CFR 503.14 (see
checklist item MWW.120.4) are met for each site on which bulk sewage
sludge is applied
- the following certification statement when the bulk sewage sludge meets the
Class B pathogen requirements (see the definition of Class B Sewage Sludge
in this document:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the site restrictions in Sec.
503.32(b)(5) have been met. This determination has been made under my
direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information used to determine that the site restrictions have been met. I
am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification
including fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the following site restrictions are met for each site on
which Class B bulk sewage sludge is applied:
-food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil
mixture and are totally above the land surface will not be harvested for
14 mo after application of sewage sludge
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
75
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will not be
harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge when the
sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4 mo prior to
incorporation into the soil
- food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for 30 days
after application of sewage sludge
-animals will not be allowed to graze on the land for 30 days after
application of sewage sludge
- turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied is not harvested for
1 yr after application of the sewage sludge when the harvested turf is
placed on either land with a high potential for public exposure or a
lawn, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority
-public access to land with a high potential for public exposure is
restricted for 1 yr after application of sewage sludge
-public access to land with a low potential for public exposure is
restricted for 30 days after application of sewage sludge
-the following certification statement when the vector attraction reduction
requirements are met (see paragraphs 9 or 10 in the definition for Vector
Attraction Reduction Options in this document):
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the vector attraction reduction
requirement in [insert either Sec. 503.33(b)(9) or Sec. 503.33(b)(10)] has
been met. This determination has been made under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information used to
determine that the vector attraction reduction requirement has been met. I
am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- if the vector attraction reduction requirements are met (see paragraphs 9 or
10 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document), a description of how the requirements are met.
MWW.120.12. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when sewage
sludge is sold or given away
in a bag or other container for
application to the land (40
CFR503.17(a)(6)).
(NOTE: This checklist applies when the product of the concentration of each
pollutant in the sewage sludge and the annual whole sludge application rate for the
sewage sludge do not cause the annual pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in
Table 4 of Appendix B of this document to be exceeded when sewage sludge is
sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land.)
Verify that, the person who prepares the sewage sludge that is sold or given away
in a bag or other container develops the following information and retains the
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
76
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
information for 5 yr:
- the annual whole sludge application rate for the sewage sludge that does not
cause the annual pollutant loading rates in Table 4 of Appendix B of this
document to be exceeded
- the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 4 of Appendix B of this
document in the sewage sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the management practice in Sec.
503.14(e), the Class A pathogen requirement in Sec. 503.32(a), and the
vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert one of the vector
attraction reduction requirements in Sec. 503.33 (b)(l) through (b)(8)]
have been met. This determination has been made under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information used to
determine that the management practice, pathogen requirements, and
vector attraction reduction requirements have been met. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the Class A pathogen requirements are met (see the
definition of Class A Sewage Sludge in this document)
-a description of how the vector attraction requirements are met (see
paragraphs 1 through 8 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction
Options in this document).
MWW.120.13. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when domestic
septage is applied to
agricultural land, forest, a
public contact site, or a
reclamation site (40 CFR
503.17(b)).
Verify that, when domestic septage is applied to agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site, the person who applies the domestic septage develops the
following information and retains the information for 5 yr:
- the location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each site on
which domestic septage is applied
- the number of acres in each site on which domestic septage is applied
- the date and time domestic septage is applied to each site
- the nitrogen requirement for the crop or vegetation grown on each site during
a 365 day period
-the rate, in gallons per acre per 365 day period, at which domestic septage is
applied to each site
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the pathogen requirements in [insert
either Sec. 503.32(c)(l) or Sec. 503.32(c)(2)] and the vector attraction
reduction requirements in [insert Sec. 503.33(b)(9), Sec. 503.33(b)(10),
or Sec. 503.33(b)(12)] have been met. This determination has been made
under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system
designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
the information used to determine that the pathogen requirements and
vector attraction reduction requirements have been met. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the one of the following pathogen requirements are met:
- the following site restrictions are met when domestic septage is applied
to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site:
- food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil
mixture and are totally above the land surface will not be
harvested for 14 mo after application of sewage sludge
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will
not be harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge
when the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or
longer prior to incorporation into the soil
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will
not be harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge
when the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4
mo prior to incorporation into the soil
- food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for
30 days after application of sewage sludge
- animals will not be allowed to graze on the land for 30 days after
application of sewage sludge
-turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied is not
harvested for 1 yr after application of the sewage sludge when the
harvested turf is placed on either land with a high potential for
public exposure or a lawn, unless otherwise specified by the
permitting authority
- public access to land with a high potential for public exposure is
restricted for 1 yr after application of sewage sludge
- public access to land with a low potential for public exposure is
restricted for 30 days after application of sewage sludge
-the pH of domestic septage applied to agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site is raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and, without
the addition of more alkali, remains at 12 or higher for 30 min and the
following site restrictions are met:
- food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil
mixture and are totally above the land surface will not be
harvested for 14 mo after application of sewage sludge
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will
not be harvested for 20 mo after application of sewage sludge
when the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for 4 mo or
longer prior to incorporation into the soil
- food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land will
not be harvested for 38 mo after application of sewage sludge
when the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than 4
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
mo prior to incorporation into the soil
- food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops will not be harvested for
30 days after application of sewage sludge
- a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements are met (see
paragraphs 9, 10, or 12 in the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction
Options in this document).
MWW.120.14. Certain
facilities are required to
submit specific information to
the permitting authority (40
CFR503.18).
Verify that Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs (as defined in 40 CFR
501.2) with a design flow rate equal to or greater than one million gallons per day,
and POTWs that serve 10,000 people or more submit the following information to
the permitting authority:
-the information in 40 CFR 503.17(a) (see checklist items MWW. 120.7
through MWW. 120.12), except the following information, on February 19
of each year:
-the information required for persons applying bulk sewage sludge
meeting the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document, the Class A pathogen requirements, and certain vector
attraction reduction requirements, to agricultural land, forest, a public
contact site, or a reclamation site (40 CFR 503.17(a)(3)(ii), see
checklist item MWW. 120.9)
-the information required for persons applying bulk sewage sludge
meeting the pollutant concentrations in Table 1 of Appendix B of this
document and the Class B pathogen requirements to agricultural land,
forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site (40 CFR
503.17(a)(4)(ii), see checklist item MWW. 120.10)
-the information required for persons applying bulk sewage sludge to
agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site when
the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant does not exceed the
cumulative pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in bulk sewage
sludge 40 CFR 503.17(a)(5)(ii), see checklist item MWW. 120.11)
- the following information each year when 90 percent or more of any of the
cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2 of Appendix B of this
document is reached at a site:
- the location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each
site on which bulk sewage sludge is applied
- the number of hectares in each site on which bulk sewage sludge is
applied
- the date and time bulk sewage sludge is applied to each site
- the cumulative amount of each pollutant (i.e., kilograms) listed in Table
2 of Appendix B of this document in the bulk sewage sludge applied to
each site, including the cumulative amount of each pollutant in the bulk
sewage sludge applied to the site after July 20, 1993
- the amount of sewage sludge (i.e., metric tons) applied to each site
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the requirements to obtain
information in Sec. 503.12(e)(2) have been met for each site on
which bulk sewage sludge is applied. This determination has
been made under my direction and supervision in accordance
with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information used to determine
that the requirements to obtain information have been met. I am
aware that there are significant penalties for false certification
including fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the requirements to obtain information on whether
bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates has
been applied to the site since July 20, 1993.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
USE OR DISPOSAL OF
SEWAGE SLUDGE
MWW.200
Surface Disposal
(NOTE: These general requirements apply to the final use and disposal of sewage
sludge generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works.
For exclusions see the definition of the term Exempted Sewage Sludge in this
document (40 CFR 503. l(a)).)
(NOTE: The requirements concerning the surface disposal of sludge apply to any
person who prepares sewage sludge that is placed on a surface disposal site, to the
owner/operator of a surface disposal site, to sewage sludge placed on a surface
disposal site, and to a surface disposal site. The requirements concerning surface
disposal of sludge do not apply to sewage sludge stored on the land or to the land
on which sewage sludge is stored. It also does not apply to sewage sludge that
remains on the land for longer than 2 yr when the preparer of the sewage sludge
demonstrates that the land on which the sewage sludge remains is not an active
sewage sludge unit. It also does not apply to sewage treated on the land or to the
land on which the sewage sludge is treated (40 CFR 503.20).)
MWW.200.1. In order to
substantiate the claim of
exemption from the
requirements for surface
disposal, the person who
prepares sewage sludge that
remains on the land for longer
than 2 yr is required to
maintain certain information
(40CFR503.20(b)).
Verify that, in order to substantiate the claim of exemption from the requirements
for surface disposal, the person who prepares sewage sludge that remains on the
land for longer than 2 yr maintains documentation of the following:
-the name and address of the person who prepares the sewage sludge
- the name and address of the person who either owns the land or leases the
land
-the location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of the land
- an explanation of why sewage sludge needs to remain on the land for longer
than 2 yr prior to final use or disposal
-the approximate time period when the sewage sludge will be used or
disposed.
MWW.200.2. An active
sewage sludge unit that is
located within 60 m of a fault
that has displacement in
Holocene time, is located in
an unstable area pursuant to
either section 402 or 404 of
the CWA is required to close
by March 22, 1994 (40 CFR
503.22(b)).
Determine if there is a sewage sludge unit that is located within 60 m of a fault that
has displacement in Holocene time, is located in an unstable area pursuant to
either section 402 or 404 of the CWA.
Verify that the unit was closed by March 22, 1994 unless, in the case of an active
sewage sludge unit located within 60 m of a fault that has displacement in
Holocene time, otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(NOTE: If such a unit is not closed and not otherwise specified by the permitting
authority, steps should be taken to close the facility as soon as possible.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.200.3. A written
closure and postclosure plan
that meets specific
requirements must be
submitted to the permitting
authority 180 days prior to the
date of closure of an active
sewage sludge unit (40 CFR
503.22(c)).
Closure/Postclosure Plan
Determine if there are plans to close an active sewage sludge unit or if one has
recently been closed.
Verify that the closure and postclosure plan was submitted to the permitting
authority at least 180 days in advance of closure and the plan contained the
following:
-a discussion of how the leachate collection system will be operated and
maintained for 3 yr after closure if the unit has a liner and leachate collection
system
- a description of the system used to monitor for methane gas in the air in any
structure within the surface disposal site and in the air at the property line of
the surface disposal site
- a discussion of how public access will be restricted for 3 yr after the last
sewage sludge was placed on the land.
MWW.200.4. The owner of
a surface disposal site is
required to provide written
notification to the subsequent
owner of the site that sewage
sludge was placed on the land
(40CFR503.22(d)).
Verify that if there are plans to turn the surface disposal site over to another
owner, the subsequent owner is notified that sewage sludge was placed on the
land.
MWW.200.5. Active sewage
sludge units without a liner
and leachate collection system
are required to meet specific
standards (40 CFR 503.23).
Verify that the following concentrations are not exceeded in sewage sludge placed
on an active sewage sludge unit without a liner and leachate collection system:
-arsenic: 73 mg/kg
- chromium: 600 mg/kg
- nickel: 420 mg/kg.
(NOTE: Amounts are based on a dry weight basis.)
(NOTE: At the time of permit application, the owner/operator of a surface
disposal site may request site-specific pollutant limits for an active sewage sludge
unit without a liner and leachate collection system when the existing values for site
parameters specified by the permitting authority are different from the values for
those parameters used to develop the above pollutant limits and when the
permitting authority determines that site-specific pollutant limits are appropriate
for the active sewage sludge unit.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Verify that, the concentration of each pollutant listed above in sewage sludge
placed on an active sewage sludge unit without a liner and leachate collection
system, does not exceed either the concentration for the pollutant determined
during a site-specific assessment, as specified by the permitting authority, or the
existing concentration of the pollutant in the sewage sludge, whichever is lower.
Verify that, except when there are site specific limits, the concentration of arsenic,
chromium, and nickel in sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit
whose boundary is less than 150 m from the property line of the surface disposal
site does not exceed the concentration determined using the following procedure:
-the actual distance from the active sewage sludge unit boundary to the
property line of the surface disposal site is determined
-the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1, Appendix C of this
document in the sewage sludge does not exceed the concentration that
corresponds to the actual distance in Table 1, Appendix C of this document.
MWW.200.6. Sewage sludge
units are required to be
operated according to specific
operation and management
standards (40 CFR 503.24).
Verify that sewage sludge is not placed in an active sewage sludge unit if it is
likely to adversely affect a threatened or endangered species listed under section 4
of the Endangered Species Act, or its designated critical habitat.
Verify that active sewage sludge units:
- do not restrict the flow of a base flood
- are located 60 m or more from a fault that has displacement in Holocene
time, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority
- are not located in an unstable area
- will not contaminate an aquifer
- are not located in a wetland unless by permit under 402 or 404 of the CWA.
(NOTE: The results of a groundwater monitoring program developed by a
qualified groundwater scientist or a certification by a qualified groundwater
scientist will be used to demonstrate that sewage sludge placed on an active
sewage sludge unit does not contaminate an aquifer.)
Verify that when a surface disposal site is located in a seismic impact zone, the
unit is designed to withstand the maximum recorded horizontal ground level
acceleration.
Verify that for runoff the following occurs:
- the runoff is collected and disposed of in accordance with an NPDES permit
and any other applicable requirements
- the runoff collection system has the capacity to handle runoff from a 24-h,
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
83
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
25- yr storm event.
Verify that leachate is handled so that:
-the leachate collection system for an active sewage sludge unit that has a
liner and leachate collection system is operated and maintained during the
period the sewage sludge unit is active and for 3 yr after the sewage sludge
unit closes
- leachate from an active sewage sludge unit that has a liner and a leachate
collection system is collected and disposed of in accordance with the
applicable requirements from when the unit is active and for 3 yr after the
sewage sludge unit closes.
Verify that the following occurs when a cover is placed on an active sewage sludge
unit:
- the concentration of methane gas in the air in any structure within the surface
disposal site of an active unit does not exceed 25 percent of the lower
explosive limit for methane gas during the period that the unit is active and
the concentration of the methane gas in air at the property line of the surface
disposal site does not exceed the lower explosive limit for methane gas
during the period that the sewage sludge unit is active
- at closure when the final cover is placed the concentration of methane gas in
air in any structure within any structure within the surface disposal site does
not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane gas for 3 yr
after the unit closes and the concentration of methane gas in air at the
property line of the unit does not exceed the lower explosive limit for
methane gas 3 yr after closure unless otherwise specified by the permitting
authority.
Verify that a food or feed crop or a fiber crop are not grown on an active sewage
sludge unit unless it has been demonstrated to the permitting authority that through
management practices, public health and the environment are protected from any
reasonably anticipated adverse effects.
Verify that animals are not grazed on an active sewage sludge unit unless it has
been demonstrated to the permitting authority that through management practices,
public health and the environment are protected from any reasonably anticipated
adverse effects.
Verify that public access is restricted for the period that the surface disposal site
contains an active unit, and for 3 yr after the last active sewage sludge unit in the
surface disposal site closes.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.200.7. Class A or one
of the Class B pathogen
requirements (see definitions
in this document) must be met
when placing sewage sludge
on an active sewage sludge
unit unless it is covered with
soil or other material at the
end of each operating day (40
CFR 503.25(a)).
Verify that sewage sludge being placed on an active sewage sludge unit meets
Class A or one of the Class B pathogen requirements.
Verify that if the sludge does not meet pathogen requirements, it is covered with
soil or other material at the end of each operating day.
MWW.200.8. Vector
attraction reduction must be
done when sewage sludge or
domestic septage is placed on
an active sewage sludge unit
(40 CFR 503.25(b) and
503.25(c)).
Verify that, when other than domestic septage is placed on an active sewage
sludge unit, one of the vector attraction reduction requirements (see paragraphs 1
through 11 of the definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this
document) are met when sewage sludge is placed on an active sewage sludge unit.
Verify that, when domestic septage is placed on an active sewage sludge unit, one
of the vector attraction reduction requirements (see paragraphs 9 through 12 of the
definition for Vector Attraction Reduction Options in this document) are met when
domestic septage is placed on an active sewage sludge unit.
MWW.200.9. Monitoring for
pollutants, pathogens, and
vector attraction reduction
requirements for sewage
sludge placed on an active
sewage sludge unit must be
done according to the
frequency in Table 2,
Appendix C of this document
(40CFR503.26(a)).
Verify that monitoring for pollutants, pathogens, and vector attraction reduction
requirements for sewage sludge, other than domestic septage, placed on an active
sewage sludge unit is done according to the frequency in Table 2, Appendix C of
this document.
(NOTE: The permitting authority may reduce the frequency of monitoring after
the sewage sludge has been monitored for 2 yr at the required frequencies.)
MWW.200.10. If, when
domestic septage is placed on
an active sewage sludge unit,
the pH of the septage is raised
to 12 or higher by alkali
addition and remains at 12 or
higher without alkali addition
for 30 min, each container of
domestic septage must be
monitored (40 CFR
503.26(b)).
Verify that when domestic septage is placed on an active sewage sludge unit and
the pH of the septage is raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and remains at 12
or higher without alkali addition for 30 min, each container of domestic septage is
monitored.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
85
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.200.11. In specific
circumstances, air in
structures within a surface
disposal site and at property
lines of the surface disposal
site are required to be
monitored continuously for
methane gas (40 CFR
503.26(c).
Verify that continuous monitoring for methane gas occurs during the period that
the surface disposal site contains an active sewage sludge unit on which the
sewage sludge is covered and for 3 yr after a unit closes when a final cover is
placed on the sewage sludge.
MWW.200.12. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when sewage
sludge, other than domestic
septage, is placed on an active
sewage sludge unit (40 CFR
503.27(a)).
Verify that the person who prepares sewage sludge retains the following
information for 5 yr:
- the concentration of arsenic, chromium and nickel in the sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to
determine compliance with the pathogen requirements in (insert Sec.
503.32(a), Sec. 503.32(b)(2), Sec. 503.32(b)(3), or Sec. 503.32(b)(4)
when one of those requirements is met) and the vector attraction
reduction requirement in (insert one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements in Sec. 503.33(b)(l) through (b)(8) if one of those
requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and supervision
in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified
personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the pathogen requirements are being met when done
- a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements are being
met when done.
Verify that the owner/operator of the surface disposal site retains the following for
Syr:
-the concentrations of the pollutants listed in Table 1, Appendix C of this
document
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to
determine compliance with the management practices in Sec. 503.24
and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert one of the
requirements in Sec. 503.33(b)(9) through Sec. 503.33(b)(ll) if one of
those requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including
the possibility of fine and imprisonment."
-a description of how the management practices in 40 CFR 503.24 (see
checklist item MWW.200.6) are being met
- a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements are being
met when they are done.
MWW.200.13. Specific
recordkeeping requirements
must be met when domestic
septage is placed on an active
sewage sludge unit (40 CFR
503.27(b)).
Verify that the person who applies domestic septage with a pH of greater than 12
retains the following information for 5 yr:
- the following statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to
determine compliance with the vector attraction reduction requirements
in Sec. 503.33(b)(12) was prepared under my direction and supervision
in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified
personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
- a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements are being
met when done.
Verify that the owner/operator of the surface disposal site retains the following for
Syr:
- the following statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to
determine compliance with the management practices in Sec. 503.24
and the vector attraction reduction requirements in (insert Sec.
503.33(b)(9) through Sec. 503.33(b)(ll) if one of those requirements is
met) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance
with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly
gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are
significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of
fine or imprisonment."
-a description of how the management practices of 40 CFR 503.24 (see
checklist item MWW.200.6) are being met
- a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements are being
met when they are done.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
87
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.200.14. Class I
sludge management facilities,
POTWs with a design flow
rate equal to or greater than 1
million gal/day, and POTWs
that serve 10,000 people or
more are required to submit
specific information to the
permitting authority on
February 19 of each year (40
CFR503.28).
Verify that the following information is submitted to the permitting authority on
February 19 of each year:
- the concentration of arsenic, chromium and nickel in the sludge
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the pathogen requirements in [insert
Sec. 503.32(a), Sec. 503.32(b)(2), Sec. 503.32(b)(3), or Sec.
503.32(b)(4) when one of those requirements is met] and the vector
attraction reduction requirements in [insert one of the vector attraction
reduction requirements in Sec. 503.33(b)(l) through Sec. 503.33(b)(8)
when one of those requirements is met] have been met. This
determination has been made under my direction and supervision in
accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information used to determine the
[pathogen requirements and vector attraction reduction requirements if
appropriate] have been met. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment."
- a description of how the pathogen requirements are being met when done
- a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements are being
met when done
-the concentrations of the pollutants listed in Table 1, Appendix C of this
document
- the following certification statement:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the management practices in Sec.
503.24 and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert one of
the requirements in Sec. 503.33 (b)(9) through (b)(ll) if one of those
requirements is met] have been met. This determination has been made
under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system
designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate
the information used to determine that the management practices [and
the vector attraction reduction requirements if appropriate] have been
met. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."
-a description of how the management practices in 40 CFR 503.24 (see
checklist item MWW.200.6) are being met.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
USE OR DISPOSAL OF
SEWAGE SLUDGE
MWW.240
Incineration
(NOTE: These general requirements apply to the final use and disposal of sewage
sludge generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works.
For exclusions see the definition of the term Exempted Sewage Sludge (40 CFR
503. l(a)).)
(NOTE: The requirements concerning the incineration of sewage sludge apply to
a person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator, to a sewage
sludge incinerator, and to sewage sludge fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
They also apply to the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack (40 CFR
503.40(a)and503.40(b)).)
MWW.240.1. Sewage sludge
incinerators are required to
meet specific pollutant
limitations (40 CFR 503.43).
Verify that firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator does not violate
the requirements in the National Emission Standard for Beryllium in Subpart C of
40 CFR 61.
Verify that firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator does not violate
the requirements in the National Emission Standard for Mercury in subpart E of 40
CFR 61.
Verify that the daily concentration of lead in sewage sludge fed to a sewage sludge
incinerator does not exceed the concentration calculated using the following
equation:
C =
0.1XNAAQSX 86,400
DF x (1 - CE) x SF
Where:
C = Daily concentration of lead in sewage sludge in mg/kg of total solids
(dry weight basis).
NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead in |ig/m3.
DF = Dispersion factor in micrograms per cubic meter per gram per
second.
CE = Sewage sludge incinerator control efficiency for lead in hundredths.
SF = Sewage sludge feed rate in metric tons per day (dry weight basis).
(NOTE: The control efficiency (CE) in the above equation shall be determined
from a performance test of the sewage sludge incinerator, as specified by the
permitting authority.)
(NOTE: When the sewage sludge stack height is 65 m or less, the actual sewage
sludge incinerator stack height shall be used in an air dispersion model specified
by the permitting authority to determine the dispersion factor (DF) in them above
equation. When the sewage sludge incinerator stack height exceeds 65 m, the
creditable stack height shall be determined in accordance with 40 CFR 51.100(ii)
and the creditable stack height shall be used in an air dispersion model specified
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
by the permitting authority to determine the dispersion factor (DF) in the above
equation.)
Verify that the daily concentration for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in
sewage sludge fed to a sewage sludge incinerator each do not exceed the
concentration calculated using the following equation:
RSC X 86,400
C =
DF x (1 - CE) x SF
Where:
C = Average daily concentration of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or
nickel in sewage sludge in mg/kg of total solids (dry weight basis).
CE = Sewage sludge incinerator control efficiency for arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, or nickel in hundredths.
DF = Dispersion factor in micrograms per cubic meter per gram per
second.
RSC = Risk specific concentration for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or
nickel in jJ,g/m3.
SF = Sewage sludge feed rate in metric tons per day (dry weight basis).
(NOTE: See the text of 40 CFR 503.43(d)(2) and 503.43(d)(3) for guidance on
calculating the RSC.)
(NOTE: When the sewage sludge incinerator stack height is equal to or less than
65 m, the actual sewage sludge incinerator stack height shall be used in an air
dispersion model, as specified by the permitting authority, to determine the
dispersion factor (DF) in the above equation. When the sewage sludge incinerator
stack height is greater than 65 m, the creditable stack height shall be determined in
accordance with 40 CFR 51.100(ii) and the creditable stack height shall be used in
an air dispersion model, as specified by the permitting authority, to determine the
dispersion factor (DF) in the above equation. The control efficiency (CE) in the
above equation shall be determined from a performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator, as specified by the permitting authority.)
(NOTE: See the text of 40 CFR 503.43(e) for details on air dispersion modeling.)
MWW.240.2. Sewage sludge
incinerators are required to
meet specific operational
standards (40 CFR 503.44).
Verify that the total hydrocarbons concentration in the exit gas from a sewage
sludge incinerator is corrected for zero percent moisture by multiplying the
measured total hydrocarbons concentration by the correction factor calculated
using the following equation:
Correction factor =
(percent moisture)
1
d-X)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Where:
X=decimal fraction of the percent moisture in the sewage sludge
incinerator exit gas in hundredths.
Verify that the total hydrocarbons concentration in the exit gas from a sewage
sludge incinerator is corrected to seven percent oxygen by multiplying the
measured total hydrocarbons concentration by the correction factor calculated
using the following equation:
14
(21-Y)
Correction factor =
(oxygen)
Where:
Y=Percent oxygen concentration in the sewage sludge incinerator stack
exit gas (dry volume/dry volume).
Verify that the monthly average concentration for total hydrocarbons in the exit
gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack, corrected for zero percent moisture
using the correction factor from the first equation and to seven percent oxygen
using the correction factor from the second equation does not exceed 100 parts per
million on a volumetric basis when measured using the instrument required by 40
CFR 503.45(a) (see checklist itemMWW.240.3).
MWW.240.3. Sewage sludge
incinerators are required to
meet specific management
standards for total
hydrocarbons (40 CFR
503.40(c)and503.45).
Verify that an instrument that measures and records the total hydrocarbons
concentration in the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas continuously is
installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator.
Verify that the total hydrocarbons instrument employs a flame ionization detector
has a heated sampling line maintained at a temperature of 150 °C or higher at all
times; and is calibrated at least once every 24-h operating period using propane.
(NOTE: The requirements for total hydrocarbon instrumentation do not apply if
the following conditions are met:
- the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack is monitored continuously
for carbon monoxide
- the monthly average concentration of carbon monoxide in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator stack, corrected for zero percent moisture and to
seven percent oxygen, does not exceed 100 parts per million on a volumetric
basis
- the person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator retains the
following information for 5 yr:
- the carbon monoxide concentrations in the exit gas
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
MWW.240.4. Sewage sludge
incinerators are required to
meet specific monitoring
standards (40 CFR 503.40(c)
and 503. 46).
REVIEWER CHECKS
- a calibration and maintenance log for the instrument used to measure
the carbon monoxide concentration
- Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs with a design flow rate equal
to or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve a
population of 10,000 people or greater submit the monthly average carbon
monoxide concentrations in the exit gas to the permitting authority on
February 19 of each year.)
Verify that an instrument that measures and records the oxygen concentration in
the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas continuously is installed, calibrated,
operated, and maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator.
Verify that an instrument that measures and records information used to determine
the moisture content in the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas continuously is
installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator.
Verify that an instrument that measures and records combustion temperatures
continuously is installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for each sewage
sludge incinerator.
Verify that operation of a sewage sludge incinerator does not cause the operating
combustion temperature for the sewage sludge incinerator to exceed the
performance test combustion temperature by more than 20 percent.
(NOTE: An air pollution control device shall be appropriate for the type of
sewage sludge incinerator and the operating parameters for the air pollution
control device shall be adequate to indicate proper performance of the air pollution
control device. For sewage sludge incinerators subject to the requirements in
Subpart O of 40 CFR 60, operation of the air pollution control device shall not
violate the requirements for the air pollution control device in subpart O of 40
CFR 60. For all other sewage sludge incinerators, operation of the air pollution
control device shall not cause a significant exceedance of the average value for the
air pollution control device operating parameters from the performance test.
Verify that sewage sludge is not be fired in a sewage sludge incinerator if it is
likely to adversely affect a threatened or endangered species listed under section 4
of the Endangered Species Act or its designated critical habitat.
(NOTE: The frequency of monitoring for beryllium and mercury shall be as
specified by the permitting authority.)
Verify that the frequency of monitoring for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and
nickel in sewage sludge fed to a sewage sludge incinerator is as outlined in Table
2, Appendix C of this document.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
(NOTE: After the sewage sludge has been monitored for 2 yr at the frequency in
Table 2, Appendix C of this document, the permitting authority may reduce the
frequency of monitoring for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel.)
Verify that the total hydrocarbons concentration and oxygen concentration in the
exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack, the information used to measure
moisture content in the exit gas, and the combustion temperatures for the sewage
sludge incinerator are monitored continuously.
(NOTE: The requirements for total hydrocarbon monitoring do not apply if the
following conditions are met:
- the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack is monitored continuously
for carbon monoxide
- the monthly average concentration of carbon monoxide in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator stack, corrected for zero percent moisture and to
seven percent oxygen, does not exceed 100 parts per million on a volumetric
basis
- the person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator retains the
following information for 5 yr:
- the carbon monoxide concentrations in the exit gas
- a calibration and maintenance log for the instrument used to measure
the carbon monoxide concentration
- Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs with a design flow rate equal
to or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve a
population of 10,000 people or greater submit the monthly average carbon
monoxide concentrations in the exit gas to the permitting authority on
February 19 of each year.)
(NOTE: For sewage sludge incinerators subject to the requirements in subpart O
of 40 CFR 60, the frequency of monitoring for the appropriate air pollution control
device operating parameters shall be the frequency of monitoring in subpart O of
40 CFR 60. For all other sewage sludge incinerators, the appropriate air pollution
control device operating parameters shall be at least daily.)
MWW.240.5. Sewage sludge
incinerators are required to
meet specific recordkeeping
standards (40 CFR 503.40(c)
and 503.47).
Verify that the person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator shall
develop the following information and retain that information for 5 yr:
-the concentration of lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in the
sewage sludge fed to the sewage sludge incinerator
- the total hydrocarbons concentration in the exit gas from the sewage sludge
incinerator stack
-information that indicates the requirements in the National Emission
Standard for beryllium in subpart C of 40 CFR 61 are met
-information that indicates the requirements in the National Emission
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
Standard for mercury in subpart E of 40 CFR 61 are met
- the operating combustion temperatures for the sewage sludge incinerator
-values for the air pollution control device operating parameters
- the oxygen concentration and information used to measure moisture content
in the exit gas from the sewage sludge incinerator stack
- the sewage sludge feed rate
- the stack height for the sewage sludge incinerator
-the dispersion factor for the site where the sewage sludge incinerator is
located
- the control efficiency for lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel for
each sewage sludge incinerator
-the risk specific concentration for chromium calculated using the required
equation, if applicable
- a calibration and maintenance log for the instruments used to measure the
total hydrocarbons concentration and oxygen concentration in the exit gas
from the sewage sludge incinerator stack, the information needed to
determine moisture content in the exit gas, and the combustion temperatures.
(NOTE: The requirements for total hydrocarbon recordkeeping do not apply if the
following conditions are met:
- the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack is monitored continuously
for carbon monoxide
- the monthly average concentration of carbon monoxide in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator stack, corrected for zero percent moisture and to
seven percent oxygen, does not exceed 100 parts per million on a volumetric
basis
- the person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator retains the
following information for 5 yr:
- the carbon monoxide concentrations in the exit gas
- a calibration and maintenance log for the instrument used to measure
the carbon monoxide concentration
- Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs with a design flow rate equal
to or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve a
population of 10,000 people or greater submit the monthly average carbon
monoxide concentrations in the exit gas to the permitting authority on
February 19 of each year.)
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
94
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under U.S. EPA's
Wastewater Regulations
COMPLIANCE CATEGORY:
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENT OR
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
REVIEWER CHECKS
MWW.240.6. Class I sludge
management facilities,
POTWs with a design flow
rate equal to or greater than 1
million gal/day, and POTWs
that serve 10,000 people or
more are required to submit
specific information to the
permitting authority on
February 19 of each year (40
CFR503.48).
Verify that Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs with a design flow rate
equal to or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve a
population of 10,000 people or greater submit the following information to the
permitting authority on February 19 of each year:
-the concentration of lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in the
sewage sludge fed to the sewage sludge incinerator
- the total hydrocarbons concentrations in the exit gas from the sewage sludge
incinerator stack
-information that indicates the requirements in the National Emission
Standard for beryllium in subpart C of 40 CFR 61 are met
-information that indicates the requirements in the National Emission
Standard for mercury in subpart E of 40 CFR 61 are met
-the combustion temperatures, including the maximum combustion
temperature, for the sewage sludge incinerator
-values for the air pollution control device operating parameters
- the oxygen concentration and information used to measure moisture content
in the exit gas from the sewage sludge incinerator stack.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory 95
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of
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Appendix A:
Designated Toxic Pollutants (40 CFR 401.15)
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater
Regulations
Designated Toxic Pollutants
(40 CFR 401.15)
The following comprise the list of toxic pollutants designated pursuant to section 307(a)(l) of the Act:
1. Acenaphthene
2. Acrolein
3. Acrylonitrile
4. Aldrin/Dieldrinl
5. Antimony and compounds 2
6. Arsenic and compounds
7. Asbestos
8. Benzene
9. Benzidine:
10. Beryllium and compounds
11. Cadmium and compounds
12. Carbon tetrachloride
13. Chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
14. Chlorinated benzenes (other than di-chlorobenzenes)
15. Chlorinated ethanes (including 1,2-di-chloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and hexachloroethane)
16. Chloroalkyl ethers (chloroethyl and mixed ethers)
17. Chlorinated naphthalene
18. Chlorinated phenols (other than those listed elsewhere; includes trichlorophenols and chlorinated cresols)
19. Chloroform
20. 2-chlorophenol
21. Chromium and compounds
22. Copper and compounds
23. Cyanides
24. DDT and metabolites l
25. Dichlorobenzenes (1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-di-chlorobenzenes)
26. Dichlorobenzidine
27. Dichloroethylenes (1,1-, and 1,2-dichloroethylene)
28. 2,4-dichlorophenol
29. Dichloropropane and dichloropropene
30. 2,4-dimethylphenol
31. Dinitrotoluene
32. Diphenylhydrazine
3 3. Endosulfan and metabolites
34. Endrin and metabolites \1\
35. Ethylbenzene
36. Fluoranthene
37. Haloethers (other than those listed elsewhere; includes chlorophenylphenyl ethers, bromophenylphenyl
ether, bis(dichloroisopropyl) ether, bis-(chloroethoxy) methane and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers)
38. Halomethanes (other than those listed elsewhere; includes methylene chloride, methylchloride,
methylbromide, bromoform, dichlorobromomethane
39. Heptachlor and metabolites
40. Hexachlorobutadiene
41. Hexachlorocyclohexane
42. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
43. Isophorone
44. Lead and compounds
45. Mercury and compounds
46. Naphthalene
47. Nickel and compounds
48. Nitrobenzene
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory Al
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater
Regulations
49. Nitrophenols (including 2,4-dinitrophenol, dinitrocresol)
50. Nitrosamines
51. Pentachlorophenol
52. Phenol
53. Phthalate esters
54. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)l
55. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzanthracenes, benzopyrenes, benzofluoranthene,
chrysenes, dibenz-anthracenes, and indenopyrenes)
56. Selenium and compounds
57. Silver and compounds
58. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
59. Tetrachloroethylene
60. Thallium and compounds
61. Toluene
62. Toxaphene1
63. Trichloroethylene
64. Vinyl chloride
65. Zinc and compounds
1 Effluent standard promulgated (40 CFR 129).
2 The term compounds shall include organic and inorganic compounds.
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory A2
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of
Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater Regulations
Appendix B:
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Land Application
(40 CFR 503.13(b)(l) through 503.13(b)(4), and 503.16, Table 1)
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater
Regulations
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Land Application
(40 CFR 503.13(b) and 503.16, Table 1)
Table 1:
Pollutant Concentrations for Sludge
(40 CFR 503.513(b)(3), Table 3)
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Monthly Average Concentrations
(mg/kg, dry weight basis)
41
39
1500
300
17
420
36
2800
Table 2:
Cumulative Pollutant Loading Rates for Sludge
(40 CFR 503.513(b)(2), Table 2)
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Cumulative Pollutant Loading
Rate (kg/hectare)
41
39
1500
300
17
420
100
2800
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
Bl
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater
Regulations
Table 3:
Ceiling Concentrations for Sludge
(40 CFR 503.513(b)(l), Table 1)
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Ceiling Concentration
(mg/kg, dry weight basis)
75
85
4300
840
57
75
420
100
7500
Table 4:
Annual Pollutant Loading Rates
(40 CFR 503.513(b)(4), Table 4)
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Annual Pollutant Loading Rates
(kg/hectare/365-day period)
2.0
1.9
75
15
0.85
21
5.0
140
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
B2
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater
Regulations
Table 5:
Frequency of Monitoring - Land Application and Surface Disposal
(40 CFR 503.16, Table 1)
Amount of sewage sludge (metric tons/365 day
period)
Greater than zero but less than 290
Equal to or greater than 290 but less than 1500
Equal to or greater than 1500 but less than 15,000
Equal to or greater than 15,000
Frequency
Once per year
Once per quarter (four times per year)
Once per 60 days (six times per year
Once per month (12 times per year)
Either the amount of bulk sewage sludge applied to the land or the amount of sewage sludge received by a person
who prepares sewage sludge that is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land (dry
weight basis).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
B3
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory B4
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of
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Appendix C:
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge:
Surface Disposal and Incineration
(40 CFR 503.23, Table 2; 503.26, Table 1; 503.46, Table 1)
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater
Regulations
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Surface Disposal and Incineration
(40 CFR 503.23, Table 2; 503.26, Table 1; 503.46, Table 1)
Table 1:
Pollutant Concentrations for an Active Sewage Sludge Unit: Surface Disposal
(40 CFR 503.23, Table 2)
Unit Boundary to
Property Site
Distance *(meters)
0 to less than 25
25 to less than 50
50 to less than 75
75 to less than 100
100 to less than 125
125 to less than 150
Pollutant Concentration :
Arsenic
mg/kg
30
34
39
46
53
62
Chromium
mg/kg
200
220
260
300
360
450
Nickel mg/kg
210
240
270
320
390
420
1 Dry weight basis
Table 2:
Frequency of Monitoring - Surface Disposal and Incineration
(40 CFR 503.26, Table 1 and 503.46, Table 1)
Amount of sewage sludge (metric tons/365 day
period)
Greater than zero but less than 290
Equal to or greater than 290 but less than 1500
Equal to or greater than 1500 but less than 15,000
Equal to or greater than 15,000
Frequency
Once per year
Once per quarter (four times per year)
Once per 60 days (six times per year
Once per month (12 times per year)
Either the amount of bulk sewage sludge applied to the land or the amount of sewage sludge received by a person
who prepares sewage sludge that is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land (dry
weight basis).
This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
Cl
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This document is intended solely for guidance. No statutory or regulatory C2
requirements are in any way altered by any statement(s) contained herein.
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Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits of
Municipal Facilities under EPA's Wastewater Regulations
Appendix D:
User Satisfaction Questionnaire and Comment Form
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User Satisfaction Survey
(OMB Approval No. 1860.01)
Expires 9/30/2001
We would like to know if this Audit Protocol provides you with useful information. This information will
be used by EPA to measure the success of this tool in providing compliance assistance and to determine
future applications and needs for regulatory checklists and auditing materials.
1. Please indicate which Protocol(s) this survey applies to:
Title:
EPA Document Number:
2. Overall, did you find the Protocol helpful for conducting audits:
Yes No
If not, what areas of the document are difficult to understand?
3. How would you rate the usefulness of the Protocol(s) for conducting compliance audits on a scale of 1-
5?
1 = not useful or effective, 3 = somewhat useful/effective, 5 = very useful/effective
Low Medium High
12345 Introduction Section
12345 Key Compliance Requirements
12345 Key Terms and Definitions
12345 Checklist
4. What actions do you intend to take as a result of using the protocol and/or conducting the audit? Please
check all that apply.
Contact a regulatory agency
Contact a compliance assisstance provider (e.g., trade association, state agency, EPA)
Contact a vendor
Disclose violations discovered during the audit under EPA's audit Policy
Disclose violations discovered under EPA's Small Business Policy
Obtain a permit or certification
Change the handling of a waste, emission or pollutant
Change a process or practice
Purchase new process equipment
Install emission control equipment (e.g., scrubbers, wastewater treatment)
Install waste treatment system (control technique)
Implement or improve pollution prevention practices (e.g., source reduction, recycling)
Improve organizational auditing program
Institute an Environmental Management System
Improve the existing Environmental Management System (e.g., improve training, clarify standard
operating procedures, etc.)
Other
5. What, if any, environmental improvements will result from the actions to be taken (check all that
apply)?
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reduced emissions
waste reduction
reduced risk to human health and the environment due to better management practices
reduced quantity and toxicity of raw materials
water conservation
energy conservation
conserved raw materials
conservation of habitat or other environmental stewardship practice:
other:
no environmental improvements are likely to result from the use of this document
6. How did you hear about this document?
trade association
state technical assistance provider
EPA internet homepage or website
document catalog
co-worker or business associate
EPA, state, or local regulator
other (please specify)
7. In order to understand your response, we would like to know what function you perform with respect to
environmental compliance and the size of your organization.
Company Personnel Trade Association Compliance Assistance
Environmental Auditor National Provider
Corporate Level Regional EPA
Plant-level Local State
Legal Manager State Small Business
Environmental Manager Information Specialist Assistance
Operator - (e.g., Local
Pollution Control Other
Equipment
Other:
Regulatory Personnel Vendor/Consultant
State Environmental Auditor
Local Environmental
EPA Engineer/Scientist
Attorney
How many employees are located at your facility (including full-time contractors?)
0-9 10-49 50-100 101-500 More than 500
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Optional (Please Print)
Name: Address:
Title: City: State:
Zip code:
Organization Name:_
Phone: ( 1 E-mail:
Please return all pages (1 thru 3) of this survey by folding pages 1 and 2 into page 3 and using the
preprinted, pre-stamped address on the reverse side of page 3. If you have accessed this document
electronically from one of EPA's web sites, simply e-mail this questionnaire to:
satterfield.richard@,epa. gov.
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...I
GREEN GUIDE
for Health Care™
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Version 2.0 Pilot
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Convener
Sponsors
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| Merck Family
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NY5ERDA
N GUIDE
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A best practices guide for healthy and sustainable
building design, construction and operations
Version 2.0 Pilot
November 2004
Copyright © 2003-2004
www.aahc.org
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Release for Public Use
The Green Guide for Health Care is released for public use in PDF format. All replication in whole or in part
must reference the GGHC and include the limitations on its use described herein. The Guide is an open
source document that is provided at no charge for use by the health care design, construction, and facilities
management communities. Material contained within the Guide may not be used by or as part of a for-profit
enterprise (for sale or as a component of an educational program) in which attendees are charged fees
without the express permission of the Green Guide for Health Care Steering Committee.
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Introduction
"The Green Guide for Health Care is a superb resource. It helps the leaders and
managers of health care institutions "walk the talk," promoting the health of
patients, visitors, employees, community members, and the global community,
while operating economically and efficiently. I hope that every medical center,
hospital, and clinic in the nation gets a copy of the Green Guide, takes its lessons
to heart, and joins the growing movement toward better healthier environments in
the health care sector."
Howard Frumkin, M.D., Dr.P.H., FACP, FACOEM
Professor and Chair
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University
Professor of Medicine, Emory Medical School
November 2004
Objectives
Welcome to Green Guide for Health Care™, the health care sector's first quantifiable sustainable design toolkit
integrating enhanced environmental and health principles and practices into the planning, design, construction,
operations and maintenance of their facilities. This Guide provides the health care sector with a voluntary, self-
certifying metric toolkit of best practices that designers, owners, and operators can use to guide and evaluate their
progress towards high performance healing environments.
Health care facilities present both a challenge and opportunity in the development and implementation of sustainable
design, construction and operations practices. Issues such as 24/7 operations, energy and water use intensity,
chemical use, infection control requirements and formidable regulatory requirements can pose significant obstacles to
the implementation of currently accepted sustainability protocols. Furthermore, it is appropriate that guidelines
customized for the health care sector reflect the collective fundamental mission to protect and enhance individual and
community health, and that those guidelines acknowledge the intrinsic relationship between the built environment and
ecological health. As health care institutions evolve a design language for high performance healing environments,
they have the opportunity to highlight the associated health-based benefits. This in turn can inspire the broader
adoption of health-based design principles in other building sectors.
This document is neither intended to establish regulatory requirements, nor to be viewed as a minimum standard for
design, construction or operations. Rather it is designed to serve as a voluntary educational guide for early adopters
of sustainable design, construction, and operations practices, to encourage continuous improvement in the health
care sector, and to provide market signals to catalyze a richer palette of strategies for those who follow the early
adopters. As the general level of green building practice rises, it is anticipated that the Guide will be updated to
encourage continued leadership and higher levels of rigor associated with creating high performance healing
environments.
Updates and Information
This document is available for download at www.gghc.org.
This is an evolving document that will be updated as new information and guidance is gleaned from the Pilot
program. If you did not download this document from the GGHC website, it is important that you register at
www.gghc.org to ensure that you will be notified of updates as this document progresses.
Please contact admin(g)aahc.ora for further information about document use and opportunities to support it.
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Introduction
Using this Guide
Applicable Building Types
While an array of building types are represented in the health care sector, the Green Guide for Health Care is
specifically customized for buildings that are predominately institutional occupancies as defined by the local building
code, such as acute care hospitals, where regulatory requirements have created particular needs. Medical office
buildings, clinics and other buildings where health care concerns are dominant can also use the Guide. Recognizing
the full-range of construction, operations and maintenance activities associated with the health care sector, the Guide
applies to new freestanding facilities, additions to existing facilities coupled with renovation, extensive
rehabilitation/adaptive reuse projects, and existing facilities for which the Operations section can be used as a stand-
alone best practices guide.
Credit Structure
The Green Guide for Health Care borrows the credit numbering scheme and credit outline structure of the U.S. Green
Building Council (USGBC) LEED® family of products, by agreement, with some modifications. Each credit has the
following elements:
• Intent - summarizes the goal of the credit.
• Health Issues - (new to the Guide) identifies specific health concerns addressed by the credit. Reviewed by Dr.
Ted Schettler, M.D., MPH.
• Credit Goals - itemizes the specific steps to achieve the credit including threshold goals.
• Documentation - suggests documentation to monitor and baseline performance and benchmark achievement
of the requirements. These represent the type of requirements that could be used in a LEED® style certification
system. The Guide, however, is a voluntary self-certifying document. The GGHC Steering Committee has no
intention of establishing a third party certification system. Hence it is at the user's discretion that appropriate
record keeping and tracking systems are developed to internally monitor achievement of Green Guide goals.
Note that while the suggested documentation requirements in Green Guide for Health Care: Construction can be
completed by the end of construction, some of the strategies in the Operations section require collection of up to
a year's data to determine credit achievement. Furthermore, while these operational data requirements are
especially geared for existing facilities, they are also intended to serve as useful references for new construction
projects as they establish operations policies and ongoing operational protocols.
• Reference Standards - references the standards and documents that form the basis of the credit requirements.
• Potential Technologies & Strategies - suggests optional pathways for meeting the credit intent. Regional
considerations and project specific performance needs, goals and other constraints are important factors to
consider. Products and materials referenced in the Potential Technologies & Strategies section do not represent
an endorsement but rather a suggestion for consideration in some applications.
• References - cites selected references providing further information on the credit, requirements, and suggested
technologies and strategies.
Points & Achievement Levels
The Green Guide for Health Care 2.0 Pilot does not currently provide achievement level threshold rankings. The 2.0
Pilot will be used to determine appropriate achievement thresholds based on review of a representative sampling of
pilot projects. Thus, during the early pilot phase, achievement will be indicated by number of points tallied along with
fulfillment of all prerequisites (e.g., Project X attained 65 GGHC Construction points and 38 Operations points).
Existing facilities are encouraged to track their ongoing performance using the Operations section, while making a
commitment to utilize the Construction section on future projects.
Construction projects cannot actually attain some of the points in the Operations section as some of them require a
year's worth of data to achieve credit goals. These projects are encouraged to identify the Operations-related credits
that they intend to achieve and establish commitments to these O&M goals through policy setting.
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Introduction
Integrating Operations
Operations and maintenance protocols are critical to maintaining the health and environmental profile of health care
facilities once built, and should be considered during programming and design phases. In acknowledging this
relationship, the Green Guide for Health Care addresses some of the key operations issues in the accompanying
Operations section. Given the critical relationship between operations, building program and design, design teams
are strongly encouraged to collaborate with facility staff early in the design process to establish commitments to
sustainable operations policies included in the Operations section, and evaluate the impact of these protocols, during
programming and design to ensure their integration.
Participating in the Pilot
The Green Guide for Health Care Pilot Phase will run for a minimum of one year. Design and facility management
teams in any stage of design, construction or operation are invited to register their projects and participate in the Pilot
program. Participants will be able to engage in the Green Guide for Health Care Forum - a dedicated web-based
discussion where registered project team members can engage in peer-to-peer interchanges with other teams to
discuss issues that arise and exchange ideas as they pursue achievement of credits in the Guide. While the GGHC
Steering Committee and staff are unable to offer consultation on individual projects, the peer-to-peer discussions in
this Forum should provide valuable support and ideas to participants. These discussions will also provide important
experiential data to the GGHC Steering Committee and inform subsequent refinements to the Guide. Register your
project and your team at the Green Guide for Health Care web site (www.aahc.org) to participate.
Relationship to LEED® Products
The Green Guide for Health Care has been informed by a number of important guidance documents that have
preceded it. See the Reference Documents section below for access to these key documents.
The organizational structure on which the Guide is based has been borrowed by agreement from the U.S. Green
Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System® (LEED®). The
Guide is not a LEED® Rating System and not a product of the U.S. Green Building Council. The LEED structure was
largely mirrored in the Guide because it is a familiar and effective tool being used by a rapidly growing sector of the
building design, construction, operations and maintenance industries.
For many credits, the Green Guide for Health Care directly incorporates the language of the parallel LEED credit,
referencing LEED's New Construction, Existing Buildings and Commercial Interiors products. In some cases, existing
LEED credits have been modified to respond to the unique needs and concerns of health care facilities. In others,
new credits have been added beyond those in current LEED products. The Credit Summary provides more
information on the source of credits. The Guide primarily follows the language in LEED-NC v.2.1. The Steering
Committee is incorporating appropriate, health care relevant LEED-NC v.2.2 and LEED-EB language as it becomes
available. In general, the Guide builds on the LEED family of products by addressing the particular structural, usage,
and regulatory challenges of health care buildings and by emphasizing the environmental and public health issues
that comprise an important part of what it means for a health care institution to address sustainability in their building
portfolio.
Development History
The initiation of health care focused sustainable design tools began with the Green Healthcare Construction
Guidance Statement published by the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE) in January 2002,
representing the first sustainable design guidance document to emphasize a health-based approach.
The Green Guide for Health Care development initiative began in March 2003 with a professionally and
geographically diverse group of green health care industry leaders convened as an independent Steering Committee
to guide the document development (see the Steering Committee list). Working Groups for each section of the
document drafted credit language that was reviewed and approved by the Steering Committee as a whole.
In December, 2003, Version 1.0 of the Green Guidelines for Healthcare Construction was released in draft form for
public comment. More than 900 registrants downloaded the document during the public comment period from
organizations representing a broad range of architectural, engineering, construction, health care, and manufacturing
firms and industry associations. Between December 2003 and the close of the comment period on February 29,
2004, almost 1,200 public comments were received. A partial listing of those who submitted comments is included
further in this Introduction. The Steering Committee reviewed all public comments prior to the drafting of Version 2.0.
In November 2004, Version 2.0 of the Green Guide for Health Care was released for general use in the Pilot phase.
GUIDE __„_
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Introduction
Decision Making Process
The Green Guide for Health Care committee process is structured to include representation from a wide range of
stakeholders and interests to ensure consistency and rigor in the document's development. Steering Committee
membership, however, precludes organizations with direct financial interests in the products or certification services
addressed by the document. Furthermore, this document is intended to be a best practices guide, not a basis for
industry code or regulatory standard. For these reasons, the document is not intended to meet the legal definition of
an industry "consensus based" standard.
Levels of Support
The Green Guide for Health Care welcomes support of its continued efforts through several options: Supporters,
Partners, and Endorsers. Supporters, Partners and Endorsers affirm the intent and principles of the document (see
the ASHE Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement - Statement of Principles) while not expressly
endorsing every strategy or credit.
Sponsors provide a one time $10,000 minimum donation. Sponsors' logos are displayed on the GGHC website
home page, on the title page of the Guide and in the Supporters section of the document and the GGHC website. The
Supporters' section listing includes a brief one sentence description of the Sponsor.
Partners provide a one time $5,000 minimum donation or equivalent in-kind contribution, including organizational
support for an active Steering Committee member or other significant contributor to the Guide. Partners are listed in
the Supporters section of the document and the website and may, at their option, have their logo displayed on the
Partners page of the GGHC website.
Endorsers agree to support the principles of the Guide and indicate their intent to use and promote the Guide within
their organization or company. No direct financial or in-kind commitment is required to sign on as an Endorser.
Endorsers are listed in the Supporters section of the document and on the GGHC website, which will be periodically
updated.
Potential Partners are reviewed by the co-coordinators of the Guide. Sponsors are approved by the Steering
Committee. Partner and Sponsor status is open to the following organizations:
• Design and Construction Firms
• Government Agencies
• Health Care Organizations/ Hospital Systems
• Insurers
• Non-Profit Organizations
• Professional Associations
• Private Foundations
To avoid potential conflicts of interest, manufacturers and their trade associations and product certifiers
are ineligible for Sponsor or Partner status. All organizations and companies are welcome to support the
Guide as Endorsers.
Contact infotSjgg hc.org for further information about opportunities to support the GGHC.
Product Endorsement
The Green Guide for Health Care does not endorse products nor does it recommend for or against the purchase of
specific products. In some instances, the Guide references product types that may be useful to address credit goals,
considering price competitiveness, regulatory requirements, performance standards, and environmental/health
impacts.
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Introduction
Green Guide Supporters
Convener
The Green Guide for Health Care is convened by the Center for Maximum Potential
Building Systems, a non-profit design firm established in 1975, engaged in life cycle
design to foster ecological balance and actively pursues interdisciplinary collaborations with
a common vision of healthful environments, economic prosperity, and social equity.
Sponsors
The Green Guide for Health Care is currently sponsored by:
1TALS
/or «
F. A LT M Y
V T R O \ M E N T"
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E) - the joint pollution
prevention project of the American Hospital Association, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Health Care Without Harm, and the
American Nurses Association.
Merck Family
The Merck Family Fund - A private foundation that seeks to restore and protect the
natural environment and ensure a healthy planet for generations to come while
strengthening the social fabric and the physical landscape of the urban community.
Fund
IW5ERDA
The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
(NYSERDA) - A public benefit corporation formed to use innovation and technology to
solve some of New York's most difficult energy and environmental problems in ways
that improve the State's economy.
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Introduction
Partners
The following organizations have provided critical direct or in-kind support to the development of the Guide'.
American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE), Chong Partners Architecture, CJL Engineering, Consorta, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR® program, GuentherS Architects, Guttmann & Blaevoet, Healthy
Building Network, Health Care Without Harm, Institute for a Sustainable Future, Kaiser Permanente, Mazzetti &
Associates, Stantec Engineering, TLC Engineering, Tufts - New England Medical Center, Turner Construction
Company, and WHR Architects.
ASHE
CJL ENGINEERING
CHONG I PARTNERS ARCHITECTURE
CONSORTA
GUTTMANN&ILAEVOET
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
GUENTHER
ARCHITECTS, PLLC
CHANGE FOR THE
BETTER WITH
ENERGY STAR
Institute or a Sustainable Future
KAISER PERMANENTE,
HEALTHY BUILDING NETWORK
Healthy Care
Without Harm
ENGINEERING
Turner r Healthcare
m
Stantec
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WHR
WATKINS
HA Ml LTON
Tufts-New England Medical Center
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Introduction
Steering Committee
Gail Vittori (Convener), LEED AP, Co-Director
Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems
Austin, TX
Janet Brown
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E)
New York, NY
Howard Frumkin, M.D., Dr.P.H., FACP, FACOEM
Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University
Emory Medical School, Atlanta, GA
Mike Gallivan, Health Care Manager
Turner Construction Company, Boston, MA
Robin Guenther, AIA, LEED AP, Principal
Guenther 5 Architects, New York, NY
Steve Guttmann, P.E., LEED AP, Principal
Guttmann & Blaevoet, San Francisco, CA
Jamie Harvie, P.E., Principal
Institute for Sustainable Future, Duluth, MN
Craig Kneeland, LEED AP, Senior Project Manager
New York State Energy Research & Development
Authority (NYSERDA), Albany, NY
Tom Lent, Health Care Coordinator
Healthy Building Network, Berkeley, CA
Robert Loranger, P.E., CHFM, Director of Facilities
Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
Brendan Owens, LEED AP, LEED Program Manager
for Technical Support, U.S. Green Building Council,
Washington, DC
Raymond Pradinuk, MAIBC, LEED AP
Stantec Architecture, Vancouver, BC
Clark Reed, National Health Care Manager
U.S. EPA Energy Star, Washington, DC
Greg Roberts, AIA, LEED AP, Principal
WHR Architects
Houston, TX
Kim Shinn, P.E., LEED AP, Principal
TLC Engineers, Nashville, TN
Scott Slotterback, Senior Project Manager
Kaiser Permanente National Facilities Services
Oakland, CA
Al Sunseri, PhD, Executive Director
American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE)
Chicago, IL
Alan Traugott, LEED AP
Principal, CJL Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA
Walt Vernon, P.E., LEED AP, Principal
Mazzetti & Associates, San Francisco, CA
John Wood, CHFM, Director of Facilities Services
Physician's Hospital, Molalla, OR
Additional Contributors to Version 2.0 Pilot
Steve Ashkin, Principal
Ashkin Group, Bloomington, IN
Cathryn H. Bang, AIA,
Swanke Hayden & Connell, New York, NY
Laura Brannen, Executive Director
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E),
Lebanon, NH
Leo Gehring, Vice Chancellor for Campus Operations
U of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
Kathy Gerwig, Director of Environmental Stewardship
Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
Jean Hansen, IIDA, CID, LEED AP, Associate
Chong Partners Architecture
San Francisco, CA
Tom Hicks, Program Manager,
U.S. EPA Energy Star, Washington, DC
David Kamp, ASLA, Principal
Dirtworks, P.C., New York, NY
Wayne Klingelsmith, FASHE CHFM,
Director of Facilities Management
Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA
Cameron Lory
INFORM Inc., New York, NY
Troy Martin, Director, Facilities Services
Poudre Valley Health System, Fort Collins, CO
Paul A. Mathew, Project Liaison
for Labs 21 & LEED for Labs
Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA
Ted Schettler, MD, MPH, Director,
Science and Environmental Health Network,
Boston Medical Center, Boston MA
Milena Semeonova, RA, NCARB, ISENA, LC
Milena Lighting Design, Troy, NY
Dale Woodin, Deputy Executive Director for Advocacy,
ASHE, Chicago, IL
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Introduction
Public Comment Period
During the Pubic Comment period from December 1, 2003 to February 29, 2004, over 900 people downloaded the
Guide. More than 70 people submitted comments totaling almost 1200 entries. The comments received were broad
reaching and constructive, ranging from probing critiques to enthusiastic endorsement. The Steering Committee has
worked diligently to address the comments yielding a markedly improved 2.0 Pilot.
The following is a partial list of commenters who granted permission to publish their names. We list these individuals
to acknowledge their contribution of ideas and efforts to the process. Listing here does not imply any endorsement by
these individuals or their employers of the Green Guide for Health Care.
Kai Abelkis, Boulder Community Hospital
Carol Antle, Kaiser Permanente
Stephen Ashkin, The Ashkin Group
Phil Bailey
David Bearg, PE
Kenneth Bland, American Forest & Paper Association
Henning Bloech, Greenguard Environmental Institute
Janet Brown, Hospitals for a Healthy Environment
Elizabeth Churchill, Barb Ohlsen and Bethany
Meisinger-Reiff, Marshall Erdman & Associates, Inc
Christie Coffin, The Design Partnership
Raj Daswani, Ove Arup
William Dietrich, York
Martine Dion, Symmes Maini & McKee
Jeanne Erickson, HKS, Inc.
Denise Fong, Candela
Courtney France, Architectural Energy Corporation
David Gibney, HDR Inc.
David Gordon, SafeSource, LLC
Alan Herbert, White Construction Company
Melissa Haunson, GREENGUARD Environmental
Institute
Janice Homer, RN
John Kreidich, McCarthy Building Companies
Mary Lamielle, National Center for Environmental
Health Strategies
Dera-Jill Lamontagne
Gail Lee, Mills-Peninsula Health Services
Brian Leet, Astorino
Stephen Martin, Jacobs
Orlando Maione
Jeff May, May Indoor Air Investigations LLC
Ann McCampbell, MD
Blair McCarry, Keen Engineering Co. Ltd.
Larry Moot, PC&A
Shawn Murray, CTA Engineers
William Pearson, Chong Partners Architecture
Ray Pradinuk, Stantec Architecture Ltd
Lynn Preston, C&A Floorcoverings
Sharon Refvem, Hawley Peterson & Snyder
Architects
Phillip Risner, Seton Network Facilities
John Roberts, IES Engineers
Nick Stark and Ellen Godson, H.H. Angus &
Associates
Jessica Stuart, Chlorine Chemistry Council
Patrice Sutton, California Department of Health
Services
Peter Syrett AIA, Guenther 5 Architects PLLC
KirkTeske, HKS, Inc.
Mark West, Earl Swensson Associates
Ronald Wilkinson, Dome-Tech Commissioning
Services
Pier-George Zanoni, State of Michigan Dept of
Community Health Facilities
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Introduction
Reference Documents
The documents listed below have informed the overall development and content of the Green Guide for Health Care,
though are not specifically referenced in the Resources sections associated with individual credits:
• Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement
American Society for Healthcare Engineering
http://www.aahc.ora/documents/ASHEGreenConstructionGuidance2002-A.pdf
• LEED-NC®(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
Green Building Rating System for New Construction
Version 2.1 by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
http://www.usabc.org/leed
• LEED-EB® Green Building Rating System for Existing Buildings
Version 2 by the U.S. Green Building Council
http://www.usabc.org/leed
• LEED-CI® Green Building Rating System for Commercial Interiors
Pilot Version by the U.S. Green Building Council
http://www.usabc.org/leed
• Labs 21 Environmental Performance Criteria (EPC)
Laboratories for the 21st Century, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.labs21centurv.gov/
• Green Star Green Building Rating System
Green Building Council of Australia
http://www.gbcaus.org/greenstar
• High Performance Building Guidelines
New York City Department of Design and Construction, Office of Sustainable Design
http://www. ci. nvc. nv. us/html/ddc/html/ddcgreen/
• 2003 Savings By Design Healthcare Modeling Procedures
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
http://www.gghc.org/Documents/PGEModProc.pdf
• Greener Hospitals: Improving Environmental Performance,
Edited by: Environment Science Center, Augsburg, Germany with support of Bristol-Myers Squibb
www.wzu.uni-augsburg.de/Publikationen/WZU Publikationsreihe.html
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Introduction
ASHE
Green Healthcare Construction
Guidance Statement (2001)
Statement of Principles
The construction and use of buildings in the U.S. consumes 3 billion tons of raw materials annually (40% of raw
stone, gravel, sand, and steel, 25% of virgin wood, 40% of energy resources, 75% of PVC, 17% of freshwater flows)
and generates significant waste (25-40% of municipal solid waste from construction and demolition alone), 50% of
CFCs, 30% of CO2 production, and substantial toxic emissions.
Given this, the opportunities are significant to improve environmental quality through green planning, design,
construction and operations and maintenance practices. Improving the environment through green construction
practices is consistent with the American Hospital Association's recent voluntary agreement with the United States
Environmental Protection Agency to reduce waste volume and toxicity.
Building design and construction practice can be shaped to protect health at three scales:
1) Protecting the immediate health of building occupants
The health of patients, staff, and visitors can be profoundly affected by the quality of the indoor air which in turn is
dependent upon physical and mechanical design (such as ventilation and location of wastes and toxics), the choice of
building materials, the management of construction emissions, and building operations and maintenance.
Additionally, access to daylighting has been found to favorably affect staff productivity and patient outcomes.
2) Protecting the health of the surrounding community
Local air and water quality is also significantly affected by building design choices. Off-gassing building materials and
finishes, construction equipment and HVAC systems directly emit VOCs, particulates and other materials that can
result in the formation of ground level ozone (smog), and cause allergic attacks, respiratory problems and other
illnesses. Land use and transportation planning, landscape and water management on the grounds and water
conservation efforts within the building will influence the amount of toxic emissions released to the water and air
throughout the life of the building.
3) Protecting the health of the global community and natural resources
The health impact of a building stretches far beyond its immediate community. The production of building materials
can result in the release of persistent bioaccumulative toxic compounds, carcinogens, endocrine disrupters and other
toxic substances. These compounds threaten communities where the materials are manufactured, and, because of
the long life of some of these compounds, can risk the health of communities and ecosystems far from their release.
Climate change resulting from burning fossil fuels is expected to increase the spread of disease vectors far from their
current regions and destabilize ecosystems, threatening worldwide nutrition. Loss of rainforests from unsustainable
forestry can result in the loss of medicines and important genetic information that could help fight disease. Moreover,
release of CFCs and HCFCs damages the stratospheric ozone layer, allowing increased levels of ultraviolet rays on
Earth resulting in heightened potential for skin cancer.
The Importance of Prevention
Prevention is a fundamental principle of health care and public health. Indeed, to prevent disease is preferable to
treating disease after it has occurred. In the face of uncertainty, precautionary action is appropriate to prevent harm.
This public health approach makes sense both in the clinical setting and in responses to environmental and public
health hazards. Similarly, a precautionary and preventive approach is an appropriate basis for decisions regarding
material selection, design features, mechanical systems, infrastructure, and operations and maintenance practices.
Reprinted with permission from the American Society for Healthcare Engineering
For reference to the full ASHE Construction Guidance Statement, refer to the Reference Documents section above.
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Construction
Project Checklist
Construction
Y - (yes) you are moderately confident that you can attain the credit.
? - (maybe) it will be challenging for this project and you are uncertain of your ability to attain it but you will try.
N - (no) while technically possible, you currently don't expect to try to achieve this credit in this project due to
cost or other tradeoffs with project goals.
NA - (not applicable) it is inherently physically unattainable for this particular project regardless of effort due to
physical conditions or project scope.
Integrated Design
Prereq 1 Integrated Design Process
Prereq 2 Environmental Health Mission Statement & Program
Required
Required
Sustainable Sites
18 Points
Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control
Required
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Credit 1 Site Selection 1
Credit 2 Development Density 1
Credit 3.1 Brownfield Redevelopment: Basic Remediation Level 1
Credit 3.2 Brownfield Redevelopment: Residential Remediation Level 1
Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access 1
Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 1
Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation: Alternative Fuel Vehicles 1
Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity 1
Credit 5.1 Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space 1
Credit 5.2 Reduced Site Disturbance: Development Footprint 1
Credit 6.1 Stormwater Management: Rate & Quantity 1
Credit 6.2 Stormwater Management: Treatment 1
Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof 1
Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect: Roof 1
Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1
Credit 9 Connection to the Natural World: Places of Respite 1
Credit 10.1 Community Contaminant Prevention: Airborne Releases 1
Credit 10. 2 Community Contaminant Prevention: Leaks & Spills 1
Water Efficiency
7 Points
Prereq 1 Potable Water Use for Equipment Cooling
Required
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Credit 1.1
Credit 1.2
Credit 2
Credit 3.1
Credit 3.2
Credit 4.1
Credit 4.2
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Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce Potable Water Use by 50% 1
Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation 1
Innovative Wastewater Technologies 1
Domestic Potable Water Use Reduction: 20% 1
Domestic Potable Water Use Reduction: 30% 1
Process Water Use Reduction: Measurement & Verification 1
Process Water Use Reduction: No or Low Water Use Building System Equipment 1
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Energy & Atmosphere 19 Points
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Prereq 1 Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning Required
Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Required
Prereq 3 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Required
—
—
_
_
_
~
~
—
_
_
_
~
Credit 1.1 Optimize Energy Performance: 5% 1
Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance: 10% 1
Credit 1.3 Optimize Energy Performance: 15% 1
Credit 1.4 Optimize Energy Performance: 20% 1
Credit 1.5 Optimize Energy Performance: 25% 1
Credit 1.6 Optimize Energy Performance: 30% 1
Credit 1.7 Optimize Energy Performance: 35% 1
Credit 1.8 Optimize Energy Performance: 40% 1
Credit 2.1 Renewable Energy: 1% 1
Credit 2.2 Renewable Energy: 2% 1
Credit 2. 3 Renewable Energy: 5% 1
Credit 3 Additional Commissioning 1
Credit 4 Refrigerant Selection 1
Credit 5 Measurement & Verification 1
Credit 6.1 Energy Supply Efficiency. 10% 1
Credit 6. 2 Energy Supply Efficiency. 15% 1
Credit 6. 3 Energy Supply Efficiency. 17% 1
Credit 6. 4 Energy Supply Efficiency. 18% 1
Credit 7 Medical Equipment Efficiency 1
Materials & Resources 24 Points
I Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Required
[ Prereq 2 Mercury Elimination Required
_
_
~
~
~
~
~
Credit 1.1 Building Reuse: Maintain 40% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1
Credit 1.2 Building Reuse: Maintain 80% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1
Credit 1.3 Building Reuse: Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements 1
Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management: Divert 50% from Landfill & Incineration 1
Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management: Divert 75% from Landfill & Incineration 1
Credit 2. 3 Construction Practices: Site & Materials Management 1
Credit 2.4 Construction Practices: Utility & Emissions Control 1
Credit 3.1 Resource Reuse 5% 1
Credit 3.2 Resource Reuse 10% 1
Credit 4.1 Recycled Content: 10% 1
Credit 4.2 Recycled Content: 20% 1
Credit 5.1 Regional Materials: 10% 1
Credit 5.2 Regional Materials: 20% 1
Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials: 5% 1
Credit 7 Certified Wood 1
Credit 8.1 PBT Elimination: Dioxins 1
Credit 8.2 PBT Elimination: Mercury Use in Equipment 1
Credit 8. 3 PBT Elimination: Lead & Cadmium 1
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Construction
Project Checklist
Materials & Resources continued
~
?
~
~
Credit 9.1 Furniture & Medical Furnishings: Resource Reuse 1
Credit 9.2 Furniture & Medical Furnishings: Materials 1
Credit 9.3 Furniture & Medical Furnishings: Manufacturing, Transportation & Recycling 1
Credit 10 Copper Reduction 1
Credit 11.1 Resource Use: Design for Flexibility 1
Credit 11. 2 Resource Use: Minimize Materials 1
Environmental Quality 24 Points
I Prereq 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Required
[ Prereq 2 Asbestos Removal or Encapsulation Required
_
_
?
y
~
~
~
~
Credit 1 Air Quality Monitoring 1
Credit 2 Increase Ventilation Effectiveness 1
Credit 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction 1
Credit 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy 1
Credit 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials: Interior Adhesives & Sealants 1
Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials: Wall & Ceiling Finishes 1
Credit 4. 3 Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems 1
Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Insulation 1
Credit 4.5 Low-Emitting Materials: Furniture & Medical Furnishings 1
Credit 4.6 Low-Emitting Materials: Exterior Applied Products 1
Credit 5.1 Chemical & Pollutant Source Control: Outdoor 1
Credit 5.2 Chemical & Pollutant Source Control: Indoor 1
Credit 6.1 Controllability of Systems: Lighting 1
Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems: Thermal & Ventilation 1
Credit 7 Continuous Comfort Monitoring System 1
Credit 8.1 a Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces: 34-48% fir w/in 15' 1
Credit 8. 1 b Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces: 38-56% fir w/in 1 5' 1
Credit 8.1c Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces: 42-64% fir w/in 15' 1
Credit 8.1d Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces: 90% access to daylight 1
Credit 8.1e Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces: 2% DF for 75% of staff 1
Credit 8.2 Daylight & Views: Building Orientation 1
Credit 8.3 Daylight & Views: Views for Occupied Spaces 1
Credit 8.4 Daylight & Views: Lighting & Circadian Rhythm 1
Credit 9 Acoustic Environment 1
Innovation in Design
Credit 1.1 Innovation in Design:
Credit 1.2 Innovation in Design
Credit 1.3 Innovation in Design
Credit 1.4 Innovation in Design
4 Points
1
1
1
1
Construction Project Total
96 Points
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Operations
Project Checklist
Operations
Integrated Operations 5 Points
_
—
_
Prereq 1 Integrated Operations & Maintenance Process Required
Prereq 2 Recertification Process Required
Prereq 3 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Required
Prereq 4 Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems Required
—
—
~
—
~
Credit 1.1 Building Operations & Maintenance: Staff Education 1
Credit 1.2 Building Operations & Maintenance: Building Systems Maintenance 1
Credit 1.3 Building Operations & Maintenance: Building Systems Monitoring added "s" to Opet 1
Credit2.1 IAQ Management: Maintaining Indoor Air Quality 1
Credit 2.2 IAQ Management: Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution 1
Transportation Operations 3 Points
Credit 1.1 Alternative Transportation: Public Transit Access 1
Credit 1.2 Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 1
Credit 1.3 Alternative Transportation: Car Pool Programs 1
Energy Efficiency 18 Points
~
~
~
Prereq 1 Existing Building Commissioning Required
Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Required
Prereq 3 Ozone Protection Required
~
?
?
?
N
~
~
N
~
~
Credit 1.1 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 63 1
Credit 1 .2 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 67 1
Credit 1.3 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 71 1
Credit 1.4 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 75 1
Credit 1.5 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 79 1
Credit 1.6 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 83 1
Credit 1.7 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 87 1
Credit 1.8 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 91 1
Credit 1.9 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 95 1
Credit 1.10 Optimize Energy Performance: Energy Star score of 99 1
Credit 2.1 On-Site & Off-Site Renewable Energy: 1%onor 5% off 1
Credit 2. 2 On-Site & Off-Site Renewable Energy: 2% on or 10% off 1
Credit 2. 3 On-Site & Off-Site Renewable Energy: 5% on or 25% off 1
Credit 2.4 On-Site & Off-Site Renewable Energy: 10% on or 50% off 1
Credit 3 Energy Efficient Equipment 1
Credit 4 Refrigerant Selection 1
Credit 5.1 Performance Measurement: Enhanced Metering 1
Credit 5.2 Performance Measurement: Emission Reduction Reporting 1
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Operations
Project Checklist
Water Conservation
[ Prereq 1 Minimum Water Efficiency
—
?
~
Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce potable water use by 50%
Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping: Eliminate potable water use
Credit 2.1 Building Water Use Reduction: Reduce fixture use by 10%
Credit 2.2 Building Water Use Reduction: Reduce fixture use by 20%
Credit 3.1 Process Water Efficiency : Reduce 20%
Credit 3.2 Process Water Efficiency : Reduce 30%
Credit 3.3 Process Water Efficiency : Reduce 40%
Credit 4 Enhanced Metering
8 Points
Required
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Chemical Management
|~~[ Prereq 1 Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Removal
_
*P
~?~
~
N
M A
~
Credit 1.1 Community Contaminant Prevention: Airborne Releases
Credit 1.2 Community Contaminant Prevention: Leaks & Spills
Credit 2 Indoor Pollutant Source Control: High Hazard Chemicals
Credit 3.1 Chemical Discharge: Chemical Waste Minimization Plan
Credit 3.2 Chemical Discharge: Pharmaceutical Waste Discharge
5 Points
Required
1
1
1
1
1
Waste Management
[ Prereq 1 Waste Stream Audit
_
_
_
?
_
_
_
_
Credit 1.1 Total Waste Reduction: 30%
Credit 1 .2 Total Waste Reduction: 40%
Credit 1.3 Total Waste Reduction: 50%
Credit 2.1 Regulated Medical Waste Reduction: <10%
Credit 2.2 Regulated Medical Waste Reduction: Minimize incineration
Credit 3 Food Waste Reduction
6 Points
Required
1
1
1
1
1
1
Environmental Services
—
_
—
f
—
_
—
_
Credit 1.1 Outdoor Grounds & Building Exterior Management : 4 items
Credit 1.2 Outdoor Grounds & Building Exterior Management : 4 more
Credit 2 Indoor Integrated Pest Management
Credit 3 Environmentally Preferable Cleaning Policy
Credit 4.1 Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials: 30% of annual purchases
Credit 4.2 Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials: 60% of annual purchases
Credit 4.3 Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials: 90% of annual purchases
Credit 5 Environmentally Preferable Janitorial Equipment
AftE fi N O U 1 D E ffCMr Checklist - Page 5 of 6
for Health tare ' /V'
9 Points
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
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Operations
Project Checklist
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing 11 Points
~
?
N
Credit 1.1 Food: Organic or Sustainable 1
Credit 1.2 Food: Antibiotics 1
Credit 1.3 Food: Local Production / Food Security 1
Credit 2 Janitorial Paper & Other Disposable Products 1
Credit 3 Electronics Purchasing & Take Back 1
Credit 4.1 Toxic Reduction: Mercury 1
Credit 4.2 Toxic Reduction: DEHP 1
Credit 4. 3 Toxic Reduction: Natural Rubber Latex 1
Credit 5 Furniture & Medical Furnishings 1
Credit 6.1 IAQ Compliant Products: 45% of annual purchases 1
Credit 6.2 IAQ Compliant Products: 90% of annual purchases 1
Innovation in Operation
Credit 1.1
Credit 1.2
Credit 1.3
Credit 1.4
Credit 2
Credit 3.1
Credit 3.2
Innovation in
Innovation in
Innovation in
Innovation in
Documenting
Documenting
Documenting
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
Sustainable Operations Business Case
Productivity
Productivity
Impacts:
Impacts:
m pacts
Absenteeism & Healthcare Costs
Other Productivity
Impacts
7 Points
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Operations Project Totals
72 Points
Key
Y - (yes) you are moderately confident that you can attain the credit.
? - (maybe) it will be challenging for this project and you are uncertain of your ability to attain it but you will try.
N - (no) while technically possible, you currently don't expect to try to achieve this credit in this project due to
cost or other tradeoffs with project goals.
NA - (not applicable) it is inherently physically unattainable for this particular project regardless of effort due to
physical conditions or project scope.
Examples would include: Credits SS 3.1 & 3.2 (Brownfield redevelopment) for a project not on a brownfield
site, MR Credits 1.1-1.3 (Building reuse) if no portions of an existing building are part of the project, EQ Credit
8.1, 4th 7 5th points (Daylight & Views: inpatient) if there are no facilities for
inpatients, and SS Credit 7.1 & 2 (Heat island effect) if the scope of the project is only interior renovation
;EN GUIDE
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Credit Summary
Integrated Design
Credit Summary
This section summarizes the intent and goals of credits in the Construction and Operations sections.
The Source column indicates the relationship of the base credit language to the LEED® system:
LEED = credit language is as per LEED-NC® 2.1 or LEED-EB®
Mod = credit language is modified from LEED by the GGHC Steering Committee**.
New = credit is new to the GGHC, not in LEED
Both the Green Guide Construction and Operations section combine some strategies found in LEED products
with new credits. Many of the borrowed credits have been modified by the GGHC Steering Committee, and
fulfillment of the modified credits may or may not meet the requirements of LEED. The user must review the
appropriate LEED documents to determine potential LEED status of a project.
The Construction section borrows heavily from LEED-NC 2.1 and maintains the same organizing structure and
numbering.
The Operations section borrows a number of strategies found in LEED products - both LEED-EB and LEED-NC -
as well as in ISO 14001 Certification standards with some strategies that are new to the Guide. Because the
Green Guide Operations section structure does not follow LEED category structure, the user is advised to
carefully review each document for corresponding credit language.
Construction
Integrated Design
Title
ID Prereq 1
Integrated Design
ID Prereq 2
Environmental
Health Mission
Statement &
Program
Intent
Achieve an effective
collaborative design process
and outcome by engaging the
multiple design disciplines, as
well as users, constructors,
facility managers and operations
personnel.
Establish environmental health
goals and use as a basis for
selection and implementation of
building design, construction,
and operational strategies.
Credit Goals
Use cross discipline design and decision making starting early in the
process & continuing throughout to take advantage of interrelationships
between systems. Include representation early on in the design process
from all end user stakeholders, including owners, physician teams,
nursing, administrators, support services, housekeeping staff, and
engineering/maintenance personnel.
Prepare an environmental health mission statement and program to
complement the facility's functional design program. This environmental
health program shall be retained by the facility with the other design data
to assure that future alterations, additions, and program changes are
consistent with the intent of the environmental health program.
Source
New
New
GREEN GUIDE
for Htotth
SGHC
Credit Summary - Page 1 of 12
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Credit Summary: Construction
Sustainable Sites
Sustainable Sites
Title
SS PreReq 1
Erosion &
Sedimentation
Control
SS1
Site Selection
SS2
Development
Density
SS3.1
Brownfield
Redevelopment
: Basic
Remediation
Level
SS3.2
Brownfield
Redevelopment
: Residential
Remediation
Level
SS4.1
Public
Transportation
Access
SS4.2
Bicycle Storage
& Changing
Rooms
SS4.3
Alternative Fuel
Vehicles
SS4.4
Parking Capacity
Intent
Control erosion to reduce
negative impacts on water
and air quality.
Avoid development of
inappropriate sites and
reduce the environmental
impact from the location
of a building on a site.
Channel development to
urban areas with existing
infrastructures, protect
greenfields and preserve
habitat and natural
resources. In rural areas,
increase development
density on existing or
previously developed
sites rather than
undeveloped rural land.
Rehabilitate damaged
sites where development
is complicated by real or
perceived environmental
contamination, reducing
pressure on undeveloped
land.
Reduce pollution and land
development impacts
from automobile use.
Reduce pollution and land
development impacts
from automobile use.
Reduce pollution from
local emissions of fossil-
fuel combustion powered
vehicles.
Reduce pollution and land
development impacts from
single occupancy vehicle
use.
Credit Goals
Develop a site sediment and erosion control plan, specific to the site, that
conforms to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Document
No. EPA-832R-92-005 (September 1992), Storm Water Management for
Construction Activities, Chapter 3, OR local erosion and sedimentation control
standards and codes, whichever is more stringent.
Do not develop buildings, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet
any one of the following criteria: prime farmland, land whose elevation is lower
than 5 feet above the elevation of the 100-year flood, land which is specifically
identified as habitat for any species on the Federal or State threatened or
endangered lists, land within 1 00 feet of any water including wetlands isolated
wetlands or areas of special concern identified by state or local rule, land which
prior to acquisition for the project was public parkland, unless land of equal or
greater value as parkland is accepted in trade by the public landowner
Increase localized density to conform to governmental density goals by utilizing
sites that are located within an existing minimum development density of 80,000
square feet per acre (two story downtown development), OR For previously
developed rural sites, increase density of the existing site to a minimum
development density of 30,000 square feet per acre.
Develop on a site documented as contaminated OR on a site classified as a
brownfield by a local, state or federal government agency. Effectively remediate
site contamination.
Same as 3.1 and remediate the site to the residential level as defined by the EPA
Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Guidelines. Verify that the site is not within
2000 feet of another site documented as contaminated OR a site classified as a
brownfield by a local, state, or federal government agency, unless remediated to
the residential level.
Locate the building entrance within 1/2 mile of a commuter rail, light rail or
subway station or 1 /4 mile of two or more public or campus bus lines usable by
building occupants.
Provide secure bicycle storage with convenient changing/shower facilities (within
200 yards of the building) for 3% or more of peak building day shift staff. Provide
one shower per 8 cyclists. (Staff shower facilities within building may be
counted.)
Provide preferred parking and fueling stations for a 100% alternative fuel fleet if
that fleet comprises a minimum of 50% of total fleet mileage driven annually, OR
Install alternative-fuel refueling station(s) for 3% of the total vehicle parking
capacity of the site, OR
Provide preferred parking programs for hybrid or alternative fuel vehicles for at
least 10% of the total vehicle parking capacity.
Size parking capacity to meet, but not exceed, minimum local zoning
requirements OR health department regulatory authority, whichever is the
overriding requirement, AND provide preferred parking forcarpools or vanpools
capable of serving 5% of the total building staff AND Limit overall open-air
paved vehicular circulation and parking area to 350 sf/stall.
Source
LEED
LEED
Mod
LEED
New
LEED
Mod
Mod
Mod
GREEN GUIDE
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Credit Summary - Construction - Page 2 of 12
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Credit Summary: Construction
Sustainable Sites
Title
SS5.1
Reduced Site
Disturbance:
Protect or
Restore Open
Space
SS5.2
Reduced Site
Disturbance:
Development
Footprint
SS6.1
Stormwater
Management:
Rate & Quantity
SS6.2
Stormwater
Management:
Treatment
SS7.1
Heat Island
Effect: Non-Roof
SS7.2
Heat-Island:
Roof
SS8
Light Pollution
Reduction
SS9
Connection to
the Natural
World: Places
of Respite
SS 10.1
Community
Contaminant
Prevention:
Airborne
Releases
SS 10.2
Community
Contaminant
Prevention:
Leaks & Spills
Intent
Conserve, preserve, and
enhance existing natural
areas and restore
damaged areas to provide
habitat for native flora and
fauna and promote
biodiversity.
Limit disruption to channel
stability and pollution of
natural water flows by
implementing a channel
protection strategy.
Reduce heat islands to
minimize impact on
microclimate and human
and wildlife habitat.
Eliminate light trespass
from the building and site,
improve night sky access,
and reduce development
impact on nocturnal
environments.
Provide places of respite
on the health care
campus to connect health
care patients, visitors, and
staff to the natural
environment.
Minimize building airborne
effluents and
environments, safety, and
health impacts to site and
neighbors.
Prevent releases of
hazardous chemicals and
fuels to storm sewer.
Credit Goals
On greenfield sites, limit site disturbance to 40 feet beyond the building
perimeter, 15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs, 8 feet beyond walkways, 10
feet from the centerline of main utility trenches, and 10 feet beyond constructed
areas with permeable surfaces that require additional staging areas. Protect and
encourage the development of native vegetation, OR
On previously developed sites, restore a minimum of 50% of the site area
(excluding the building footprint) by replacing impervious surfaces with
emphasis on native species and limited use of adapted non-invasive species.
Reduce the development footprint (entire building footprint, access roads and
parking) so that open space on the site exceeds the local zoning requirement by
25%. For areas with no local zoning requirements, dedicate open space area
adjacent to the building that is equal to the development footprint.
If existing imperviousness is s 50%, establish a Stormwater management plan
that protects downstream channel stability using a recognized channel
protection strategy to prevent the post-development 2 year, 24 hour peak
discharge rate from exceeding the pre-development rate, OR
If existing imperviousness is > 50%, establish a Stormwater management plan
that results in a 25% decrease in the rate and quantity of runoff from the 1 -year
24-hour design storm.
Establish a Stormwater treatment systems plan that maintains annual
groundwater recharge rates by promoting nonstructural practices and infiltration
and captures and treats the runoff volume from either 90% of the average
annual rainfall or 1" (2.54cm) of rainfall.
Provide shade (within 5 years) and/or use light-colored, high-albedo and/or
open grid pavement with a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of at least 30 for at
least 30% of the site's hardscape.
Use Energy Star® compliant (highly reflective) AND high emissivity roofing
(emissivity of at least 0.9 when tested in accordance with ASTM 408) roofing
having a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) as required in Table 2 for a minimum of
75% of the roof surface, OR
Install a "green" (vegetated) roof for at least 50% of the roof area. Combinations
of high albedo SRI roof and vegetated roof can be used.
Meet light levels and uniformity ratios recommended by the Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Recommended Practice Manual:
Lighting for Exterior Environments (RP-33-99).
Design exterior lighting such that all exterior luminaires with more than 1000
initial lamp lumens are shielded and all luminaires with more than 3500 initial
lamp lumens meet the Full Cutoff IESNA Classification. Assure that the
maximum candela value of all interior lighting falls within the building (not out
through windows) and of all exterior lighting falls within the property. Assure that
any luminaire within a distance of 2.5 times its mounting height from the
property boundary has shielding such that no light from that luminaire crosses
the property boundary. Zone and control lights to allow for limiting night-time
lighting to the Emergency Department, a small employee parking area, a small
visitor parking area, pedestrian walkways, and circulation routes.
Establish 5% of the net usable program area as specifically programmed places
of respite with direct connection to the natural environment for patients, visitors,
and staff. Provide at least one place of respite dedicated to staff and separate
from patients and visitors.
Provide at least one outdoor place of respite conveniently located and easily
accessible and identifiable to patients and visitors and at least one outdoor
place of respite dedicated to staff designated as non-smoking.
Exceed by 1 0% the NIH-CDC Guidelines for Airborne Effluent from Laboratories
that Handle Biohazards. Meet all standards of California South Coast Air Quality
Management District for all products of combustion.
Establish oil interceptors at all drains from parking areas and central plant
areas. Comply with California Health & Safety Code Section 25290.1 and 25291
for the installation of fuel oil storage tanks to prevent release of diesel fuels.
Source
Mod
LEED
Mod
Mod
Mod
Mod
Mod
New
New
(EPC)
New
(EPC)
GREEN GUIDE
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Credit Summary- Construction
Water Efficiency
Water Efficiency
Title
WE Prereq 1
Potable Water
Use for
Equipment
Cooling
WE 1.1
Water Efficient
Landscaping:
Reduce Potable
Water Use by
50%
WE 1.2
Water Efficient
Landscaping:
No Potable
Water Use or
No Irrigation
WE 2
Innovative
Wastewater
Technologies
WE 3.1 &3.2
Domestic
Potable Water
Use Reduction
WE 4.1
Process Water
Use Reduction:
Measurement &
Verification
WE 4.2
Process Water
Use Reduction:
Low or No
Water Use
Building System
Equipment
Intent
Eliminate potable water
use for equipment
cooling.
Limit or eliminate the use
of potable water for
landscape irrigation.
Reduce generation of
wastewater and potable
water demand, while
increasing the local
aquifer recharge.
Maximize potable water
efficiency within buildings
to reduce the burden on
municipal water supply
and wastewater systems.
Provide for the ongoing
accountability and
optimization of building
water consumption
performance over time.
Reduce or eliminate the
use of potable water for
non-potable process use
in building system
equipment.
Credit Goals
Do not use potable water for once through cooling for any equipment. (Does not
apply to potable water for cooling tower makeup, or for other evaporative
cooling systems; refer to Credit 4 for Process Water.)
Reduce potable water consumption from irrigation by at least 50% over
conventional means. Landscaped area must include a minimum of one-half
acre outside of the building. Do not use water from wells or rivers for site
irrigation purposes.
Use only captured rain or recycled site water to eliminate all potable water
consumption for site irrigation (except for initial watering to establish plants).
Landscaped area must include a minimum of one-half acre outside of the
building. Do not use water from wells or rivers for site irrigation purposes.
OR
Do not install permanent landscape irrigation systems.
Reduce the use of municipally provided potable water for building sewage
conveyance by a minimum of 50%,
OR
Treat 100% of wastewater on-site to tertiary standards.
Credit 3.1 - Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than the
water use baseline calculated for the building after meeting the Energy Policy
Act of 1 992 fixture performance requirements.
Credit 3.2 - Employ strategies that in aggregate use 30% less water than the
water use baseline.
Provide for long term continuous measurement of potable water uses within the
facility. Provide individual meters for the following water uses (as applicable to
the project): laboratory, dietary department, central sterile and processing
department, laundry, radiology and imaging department, surgical suite, purified
water system and filter backwash water, outdoor irrigation systems, cooling
tower make-up and filter backwash water, steam boiler system make-up water,
and closed loop hydronic system make-up water.
Use building system equipment (pumps, compressors, cooling towers, etc.) that
reduce the use of potable water by at least 10% in comparison to that of
comparable equipment that use potable water for a process use. Minimum
water savings must be at least 100,000 gallons annually.
Source
New
Mod
Mod
LEED
LEED
LEED
New
New
GREEN GUIDE
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SGHC
Credit Summary - Construction - Page 4 of 12
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Credit Summary: Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Energy & Atmosphere
Title
EA Prereq 1
Fundamental
Building
Systems
Commissioning
EA Prereq 2
Minimum
Energy
Performance
EA Prereq 3
CFC Reduction
in HVAC&R
Equipment
EA1
Optimize
Energy
Performance
EA2
Renewable
Energy
EA3
Additional
Commissioning
EA4
Refrigerant
Selection
EA5
Measurement &
Verification
Intent
Verify and ensure that
fundamental building
elements and systems
are designed, installed
and calibrated to
operate as intended.
Establish the minimum
level of energy
efficiency for the base
building and systems.
Reduce ozone
depletion.
To achieve increasing
levels of energy
performance to reduce
environmental impacts
associated with
excessive energy use.
Encourage use of
renewable energy
technologies to reduce
fossil fuel energy use.
Verify and ensure that
the entire building is
designed, constructed
and calibrated to
operate as intended.
Reduce ozone depletion
and global warming
effects through the
proper selection of
refrigerants for use in
chillers.
Provide for the ongoing
accountability and
optimization of building
energy consumption
performance over time.
Credit Goals
Establish or have a contract in place to establish the following best practice
commissioning procedures:
Engage a commissioning team that does not include individuals directly
responsible for project design or construction management.
Review the design intent and the basis of design documentation.
Incorporate commissioning goals into the construction documents.
Develop and utilize a commissioning plan.
Verify installation, functional performance, training and operation and
maintenance documentation.
Complete a commissioning report.
Model anticipated energy performance using DOE2.1 E or Energy Plus. Design to
meet or exceed ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004 of local energy, whichever is stricter
unless regulatory requirements exempt facility from portions of the code in which
case meet or exceed baseline defined in the credit, AND
Create an estimate of whole building energy consumption as defined in the credit
and determine the Energy Performance Rating using EPA's Target Finder rating
tool and submit.
Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new base building HVAC&R systems.
When reusing existing base building HVAC equipment that currently uses CFC
refrigerants, create and implement a comprehensive CFC phase-out plan.
Model anticipated energy performance using DOE2.1 E or Energy Plus and
compare to baseline as defined in EA Prerequisite 2. For healthcare buildings
exempt from ASHRAE 90.1 , document through modeling, a reduction in energy
consumption of the proposed design when compared to the baseline design. For
others document a reduction in energy cost budget as per ASHRAE 90.1
Credit 1 .1 Reduce design energy consumption by 5%/ cost by 1 0%
Credit 1 .2 Reduce design energy consumption by 10%/cost by 15%
Credit 1 .3 Reduce design energy consumption by 15% / cost by 20%
Credit 1 .4 Reduce design energy consumption by 20% / cost by 25%
Credit 1 .5 Reduce design energy consumption by 25% / cost by 30%
Credit 1 .6 Reduce design energy consumption by 30% / energy cost by 35%
Credit 1 .7 Reduce design energy consumption by 35% / energy cost by 40%
Creditl .8 Reduce design energy consumption by 40% / energy cost by 45%
Supply a net fraction of the building's total energy use with on-site renewable
energy sources.
Credit 2.1 Renewable energy, 1% contribution
Credit 2.2 Renewable energy, 2% contribution
Credit 2.3 Renewable energy, 5% contribution
Contract with a commissioning authority independent of the design team to
review: the design prior to the construction document phase; the construction
documents near completion of the construction document development and prior
to issuing the contract documents for construction; and the contractor submittals
relative to systems being commissioned. Provide the Owner with a single manual
that contains the information required for re-commissioning building systems.
Have a contract in place to review building operation with O&M staff, including a
plan for resolution of outstanding commissioning-related issues within one year
after construction completion date.
Install base building level HVAC and refrigeration equipment with combined low
ozone depletion and global warming potential.
Provide for long term continuous measurement of substantive energy and water
uses within the facility. At a minimum, provide metering for the following electrical
and mechanical systems (as applicable to the scope of the project):
Lighting system power and controls
Motor loads (including air compressors, vacuum pumps and boiler systems)
Chillers and Air distribution systems
Data Centers
Critical Equipment Electrical Distribution Systems
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Credit Summary: Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Title
EA6
Energy Supply
Efficiency
EA7
Medical
Equipment
Efficiency
Intent
Reduce the total non-
renewable source
energy required for the
facility through
increased energy supply
efficiency.
Reduce energy
consumption by using
efficient medical and
other equipment.
Credit Goals
Calculate the percentage reduction in the total annual non-renewable source
energy, achieved through the use of combined heat and power systems, or other
methods of cascading energy recovery of primary fuel supplies (commonly know
as "cogeneration").
Credit 6.1 Reduce source energy use by at least 10%
Credit 6.2 Reduce source energy use by at least 15%
Credit 6.3 Reduce source energy use by at least 17%
Credit 6.4 Reduce source energy use by at least 18%
Use Energy Star® qualified equipment or equipment in the top 25th percentile for
energy consumption for that class of equipment for at least 75% (quantity, not
cost) of the new medical equipment that is not building systems related.
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Credit Summary: Construction
Materials & Resources
Materials & Resources
Title
MR Prereq 1
Storage &
Collection of
Recyclables
MR Prereq 2
Mercury
Elimination
MR1
Building Reuse
MR 2.1 &2.2
Construction
Waste
Management:
Divert from Landfill
& Incineration
MR 2.3
Construction
Practices: Site &
Materials
Management
MR 2.4
Construction
Practices: Utility &
Emissions Control
MR 3
Resource Reuse
Intent
Reduce solid waste
disposal in landfills and
incinerators through
reduction, reuse,
recycling and
composting.
Eliminate stand alone
mercury-containing
building products and
reduce mercury
discharge through
product substitution
and capture.
Extend the life cycle of
existing building stock,
conserve resources,
retain cultural
resources, reduce
waste and
environmental impacts
of manufacturing and
transport of new
building materials.
Divert construction and
demolition debris from
disposal in landfills and
incinerators. Redirect
recyclable recovered
resources back to
manufacturing.
Implement site and
materials management
practices during
construction to
minimize adverse
impacts on adjacent
occupants.
Reduce air & noise
pollution from vehicle
and construction
equipment use during
construction. Manage
temp utilities efficiently.
Reuse building
materials to reduce
demand for virgin
materials and to reduce
waste.
Credit Goals
Establish a collection system and controlled areas serving the entire building
dedicated to the separation, storage, and collection of materials for recycling
including (at a minimum) newsprint, paper, corrugated cardboard, glass,
plastics, metals, fluorescent lamps (tube, compact fluorescent and HID) and
batteries.
Eliminate thermostats, switches and other stand-alone mercury containing
measurement devices in building control systems.
Specify and install low mercury fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent
lamps, and low mercury high intensity discharge bulbs such that average
mercury content in fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent lamps does not
exceed 5 mg of mercury, and that high intensity discharge lamps have the
lowest available mercury content. Plan for capture of historical mercury sources
in demolition. Collect mercury devices for recycling.
In facilities delivering dental care, install amalgam separation devices.
Credit 1 .1 Use existing structure (including structural floor and roof decking)
and envelope (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and
non-structural roofing material) to comprise at least 40% of completed building
(including additions).
Credit 1 .2 Use existing structure and envelope in an additional 40% (80% total)
of existing building structure and shell.
Credit 1.3 Reuse existing non-shell elements (interior walls, doors, floor
coverings, and ceiling systems) in at least 50% of completed building (including
additions).
Develop and implement a waste management plan. Define process for
surveying and assessing hazardous materials in the existing building. Recycle
and/or salvage at least 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition
debris.
Recycle and/or salvage an additional 25% (75% total) of non-hazardous
construction and demolition debris.
Construction Practices Environmental Management System (EMS): Develop
and implement an EMS for construction & pre-occupancy phases of the
building including the following:
Site Utilization: Compile a site access plan to minimize site disruption
associated with the project's construction phase. Develop measures to protect
priority sensitive areas of the site.
Temporary Facilities: Utilize salvaged or refurbished materials for construction
of temporary facilities, but avoid reuse of pressure treated lumber or lumber
with lead paint. Make all temporary facilities weathertight.
Delivery, Storage and Handling: Coordinate delivery with scheduled installation
date to minimize packaging, handling and storage time at site. Store materials
in clean, dry location. Handle and store fuels to prevent spills and discharges
into waterways. Store fuels, solvents and other sources of VOCs separately
from absorbent materials. Implement proper disposal of waste materials.
Construction Site Housekeeping and Particulates Control: Control particulate
discharge resulting from sandblasting operations. Use water sprinkling to
control dust generation.
Environmental Manager: Designate an on-site party responsible for overseeing
the environmental goals for the project.
Environmental Training Program: Provide environmental training for personnel
performing work on the project site.
Develop plan to reduce utility, vehicle and energy use, including: efficient
lighting, controlled water use and runoff, high efficiency heating & cooling,
weathertight enclosures, alternate fuel fleets, low-sulfur diesel, biodiesel or
natural gas powered equipment, electric power equipment and carpooling.
Reduce equipment related noise by complying with Blue Angel Criteria RAL-
UZ-53 as consistent with performance requirements.
Credit 3.1 Specify salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, products and
furnishings for a minimum of 5% of the total value of all building materials and
products used in the project.
Credit 3.2 Specify at least another 5% (total 10% or greater) of the total value
of all building materials and products used in the project.
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Credit Summary: Construction
Materials & Resources
Title
MR 4
Recycled Content
MRS
Regional Materials
MR 6
Rapidly
Renewable
Materials
MR 7
Certified Wood
MR 8.1
PBT Elimination:
Dioxins
MR 8.2
PBT Elimination:
Mercury
MR 8.3
PBT Elimination:
Lead & Cadmium
MR 9.1
Furniture &
Medical
Furnishings:
Resource Reuse
MR 9.2
Furniture &
Medical
Furnishings:
Materials
MR 9.3
Furniture &
Medical
Furnishings:
Manufacturing,
Transportation &
Recycling
MR 10
Copper Reduction
MR11.1
Resource Use:
Design for
Flexibility
MR 11.2
Resource Use:
Minimize Materials
Intent
Increase demand for
building products that
use recycled content
materials, reducing
impacts from extraction
and processing of
virgin materials.
Increase demand for
building materials and
products that are
extracted and
manufactured within
the region.
Reduce the depletion
of finite raw materials
and long-cycle
renewable materials.
Encourage
environmentally
responsible forest
management.
Reduce the release of
persistent
bioaccumulative toxic
chemicals (PBTs)
associated with the life
cycle of building
materials.
Reduce the
environmental impacts
from the manufacture,
use and disposal of
furniture and medical
furnishings products.
Prevent copper-
contaminated run-off to
aquatic systems.
Conserve resources
associated with the
construction and
management of
buildings by designing
for flexibility and ease
of future adaptation,
and minimizing initial
resource use.
Credit Goals
Credit 4.1 Specify materials with recycled content such that the sum of post-
consumer recycled content plus 1/2 the post-industrial recycled content
constitutes at least 10% of the total monetary value of the materials in the
project. No fly ash or slag from plant co-fired with hazardous or medical waste
or tire derived fuel.
Credit 4.2 Specify an additional 10% (total 20% or greater) of the total
monetary value of the materials in the project.
Credit 5.1 Specify a minimum of 1 0% (by cost) of building materials that are
extracted, harvested or recovered, then processed and manufactured within a
radius of 300 miles, OR that are extracted, harvested or recovered, then,
processed, manufactured and shipped primarily by rail or water within a radius
of 1 ,000 miles OR combination.
Credit 5.2 Specify an additional 10% (total 20%)
Specify rapidly renewable building materials and products (planted and
harvested within a ten-year cycle) for a minimum of 5% of the total value of all
building materials and products used in the project.
Specify products certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's
Principles and Criteria for a minimum of 50% of the total value of all wood-
based materials and products used in the project.
No use of cement from kilns fired with hazardous waste AND no use of
materials containing virgin or recycled chlorinated compounds in 2 of 3 areas
(Exterior and Structural, Interior Finishes, or Mechanical/Electrical Systems).
Specify HVAC systems, control systems, and other large electrical products
and/or systems that are free of mercury switches and mercury relays.
Specify substitutes for materials manufactured with lead and cadmium: Lead
free solder, roofing and wiring. No use of paints containing cadmium or lead.
Specify salvaged, refurbished, or used furniture and medical furnishings for a
minimum of 20% of the total furniture and medical furnishings budget.
Specify 40% by cost of furniture and medical furnishings that comply with at
least 2 of:
- No PBTs in manufacture - Dioxin, Mercury, Cadmium, Lead or chlorinated
compounds in furniture components, textiles, finishes or dyes.
- No chrome plated finish.
- FSC Certified Wood components in manufacture (per MR Credit 7).
Specify 40% (by cost) of furniture and medical furnishings that comply with a
minimum of two (2) of the following goals
- Locally and/or regionally assembled - within 300 miles, if transported by truck
and with 1000 miles if transported by rail or water.
- Transported with minimum packaging - reusable, compostable or recyclable.
- Has "end of life" destination - is designed for disassembly, recyclability,
biodegradability, or is part of a "take back" program.
Eliminate the use of copper roofing, gutters & cladding materials AND Specify
and use ASTM B81 33 flux and ASTM B828 joint technique when installing
copper pipe to reduce copper pipe corrosion.
Increase building flexibility and ease of adaptive reuse over the life of the
structure by employing one (1) or more of the following design and/or space
planning strategies such as: modular planning grids, use of interstitial spaces,
development of flexible "technology floors" for diagnostic and treatment
facilities to facilitate ease of modifications for changing major equipment
Minimize raw material usage of the structure over its life cycle by one or both
of: demountable and modular building systems or components for partitions,
raised floor distribution systems, or the like, comprising a minimum of 5% of the
total value of the building component. In the case of modular casework, such
casework must comprise 50% of the total combined value of casework and
custom millwork, OR Demonstrate construction systems and/or strategies that
require less material by utilizing shell elements as finish materials where
appropriate (such as exposed ceilings, polished concrete floors, or exposed
structure), that reduce total material usage by 5%
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Credit Summary: Construction
Environmental Quality
Environmental Quality
Title
EQ Prereq 1
Minimum IAQ
Performance
EQ Prereq 2
Asbestos
Removal or
Encapsulation
EQ1
Air Quality
Monitoring
EQ2
Increase
Ventilation
Effectiveness
EQ3.1
Construction
IAQ
Management
Plan: During
Construction
EQ3.2
Construction
IAQ
Management
Plan: Before
Occupancy
EQ4.1
Low-Emitting
Materials:
Interior
Adhesives &
Sealants
Intent
Establish minimum IAQ
performance to prevent
the development of indoor
air quality problems.
Reduce the potential
exposure of building
occupants to asbestos.
Provide capacity for
indoor air quality (IAQ)
monitoring to help sustain
long-term occupant
comfort and well-being.
Provide for the effective
delivery and mixing of
fresh air to support the
safety, comfort and well-
being of building
occupants.
Prevent indoor air quality
problems resulting from
the construction or
renovation process to
sustain the comfort and
well-being of construction
workers and building
occupants.
Reduce indoor air quality
problems resulting from
the construction or
renovation process to
sustain the comfort and
well-being of construction
workers and building
occupants.
Reduce the quantity of
indoor air contaminants
that are odorous,
potentially irritating and/or
harmful to the comfort
and well-being of
installers and occupants.
Credit Goals
Meet the minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62-
2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, and Addenda. Mechanical
systems shall be designed using the Ventilation Rate Procedure.
Comply with EPA's asbestos removal, encapsulation and management
regulations under NESHAP 40 CFR 61 . Remove potentially friable materials in
ventilation distribution plenums and chases per OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926.
Identify all asbestos containing materials that may be affected by proposed
construction activities.
For density a 25 people per 1 0OOsf, provide CO2 sensor and compare with
outdoor ambient CO2 and generate alarm for 15% above ASHRAE Standard 62
concentrations. For other spaces monitor, control and alarm to maintain outdoor
airflow within 15% of design minimum.
For mechanically ventilated buildings, design ventilation systems that result in an
air change effectiveness (Eac) > 0.9 as determined by ASHRAE 129-1997. For
naturally ventilated spaces demonstrate a distribution and laminar flow pattern
that involves > 90% of the room or zone area in flow direction.
Up to 25% of total building area may be excluded where a) air distribution design
is mandated and/or restricted by code or in b) unoccupied spaces (such as
storage and mechanical areas) or in c) spaces with no supply distribution.
Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the
construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building:
- In occupied buildings, seal the construction site with deck-to-deck partitions and
maintain negative pressure throughout the entire construction process. Contain
and exhaust construction process odors to protect occupied areas.
- Use filtration media with a MERV of 8 at each return air grill. Replace all
filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.
- Meet or exceed the recommended Design Approaches of the SMACNA IAQ
Guideline for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 1995, Chapters 3 & 4.
- Manage the site in conjunction with the Infection Control Risk Assessment
(ICRA) procedures from JCAHO Environment of Care Standard (EC. 3.2.1).
Protect absorptive materials from moisture damage while they are stored on-site
and after they are installed. Immediately remove, dispose of and replace any
materials with stains, mold, mildew or other evidence of water damage & replace
with new, undamaged materials.
- Sequence construction procedures to avoid exposing absorbent materials to
VOCs from wet application materials.
- Use IPM. Control dust, paint fumes, tobacco smoke and noise.
Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the
pre-occupancy phase of the building as follows:
After construction ends and prior to occupancy conduct a minimum two week
building flush-out with new filtration media at 100% outside air. After the flushout,
replace the filtration media with new filtration media OR
After construction ends and prior to occupancy conduct a baseline indoor air
quality testing procedure that demonstrates that the concentration levels for the
chemical contaminants listed are not exceeded.
Use only adhesives and sealants with volatile organic compound (VOC) content
that does not exceed South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD)
Rule #1 1 68 and Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAQMD) Regulation
8, Rule 51 , except for flat sealants which must not exceed 50 grams/liter
(SCAQMD 2008 level) and aerosol adhesives which must meet Green Seal
Standard GC-36 requirements.
Use only adhesives and sealants with no California Prop 65 carcinogen or
reproductive toxicant components present at more than 1 % of total mass.
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Credit Summary: Construction
Environmental Quality
Title
EQ4.2
Low-Emitting
Materials:
Wall & Ceiling
Finishes
EQ4.3
Low-Emitting
Materials:
Flooring
Systems
EQ4.4
Low-Emitting
Materials:
Composite
Wood and
Insulation
EQ4.5
Low-Emitting
Materials:
Furniture &
Medical
Furnishings
EQ4.6
Low-Emitting
Materials:
Exterior
Applied
Products
EQ5.1
Chemical &
Pollutant
Source
Control:
Outdoor
EQ5.2
Chemical &
Pollutant
Source
Control:
Indoor
Intent
Reduce the use of
furniture that may
release indoor air
contaminants that are
odorous or potentially
irritating and may be
deleterious to installer
and occupant health,
comfort and well-being.
Protect installers and
building occupants and
safeguard air quality
resulting from exposure
to hazardous and/or
odorous substances
used during
construction.
Avoid exposure of
building occupants to
potentially hazardous
outdoor soils and
pollutants that adversely
impact air quality and
human health.
Avoid exposure of
building occupants to
potentially hazardous
indoor pollutants and
chemicals that adversely
impact air quality and
human health.
Credit Goals
Use only paints and coatings that comply with the most current version of the
following standards: Green Seal Standard GS-1 1 , Paints;
Green Seal Standard GS-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints;
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1 1 1 3,
Architectural Coatings, rules in effect for 1/1/2008;
Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAQMD) Regulation 8, Rule 3
When ceiling tiles and or wall coverings are used instead of paint, use only
products that meet or exceed the indoor air quality requirements of California's
Special Environmental Requirements, Specifications Section 01350, OR are
certified by GreenGuard.
Use only carpet and resilient flooring systems that meet or exceed the indoor air
quality requirements of California's Special Environmental Requirements,
Specifications Section 01350 OR The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) "Green
Label Plus".
Use only adhesives and sealants with no California Prop 65 carcinogen or
reproductive toxicant components present at more than 1 % of total mass of the
product.
Use only carpets with no natural rubber latex in the backing.
Use composite wood, casework, fiberglass insulation and agrifiber products and
adhesives used to fabricate laminated in field- and shop-fabricated assemblies
containing these products with no added urea-formaldehyde resins.
Select a minimum of 40% (by cost) of all furniture and medical furnishings
(including mattresses, foams, panel fabrics and other textiles) that do not contain
at least three of the following four materials: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDE), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), urea formaldehyde, phthalate
plasticizers;
OR that do not contain at least two of the four listed materials and either:
meet or exceed the indoor air quality requirements of California's Special
Environmental Requirements, Specifications Section 01350, OR
are certified by GreenGuard.
Specify and use coatings, roofing and waterproofing materials that meet or are
lower than the VOC limits of Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation
8, Rule 51 & RuleS.
Contain from occupied areas or eliminate through material selection, odors, and
other emissions produced by outdoor construction processes (i.e., bituminous
roofing and waterproofing). Comply with N IOSH Publication No. 2003-1 1 2:
Asphalt Fume Exposures During the Application of Hot Asphalt to Roofs.
Design to minimize pollutant contamination of regularly occupied areas due to
exterior factors with: textured paving for outside approaches, permanent entryway
systems (grilles, grates, etc.) at all high volume entryways and removable
entryway systems at all entrances with associated cleaning, maintenance and
replacement strategies.
Locate all HVAC equipment air intakes a minimum distance from the following
sources and a minimum of 10 feet above finish grade:
- minimum of 100' from helipads and 50' from loading docks, ambulance bays,
and entrances where vehicles are arriving or leaving (and prohibit idling in these
locations), from designated smoking areas, from vegetation/ landscape subject to
pesticide/herbicide applications and from other potential sources of air
contaminants.
Design to minimize pollutant cross-contamination of regularly occupied spaces:
Where chemical use occurs (including soiled utility areas, sterilization areas,
housekeeping areas and copier areas), provide segregated areas with deck to
deck partitions with separate outside exhaust at a rate of at least 0.50 CFM per
square foot, (for rooms containing disinfectant and sterilant applications, a
minimum of 1 2 air changes/hour shall be provided), no air re-circulation and
maintain a negative pressure compared with the surrounding spaces of at least an
average of 5 Pa (0.02 inches of water gauge) and with a minimum of 1 Pa (0.004
inches of water) when the door(s) to the room(s) are closed.
Provide regularly occupied areas of the building with new air filtration media prior
to occupancy that provides a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 1 3
or better.
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Credit Summary: Construction
Environmental Quality
Title
EQ6.1
Controllability
of Systems:
Lighting
EQ6.2
Controllability
of Systems:
Thermal &
Ventilation
EQ7
Continuous
Thermal
Monitoring
System
EQ8.1
(5 points)
Daylight &
Views:
Daylight for
Occupied
Spaces
EQ8.2
Daylight and
Views: Building
Orientation
EQ8.3
Daylight and
Views:
Views from
Occupied
Spaces
EQ8.4
Daylight &
Views:
Lighting and
Circadian
Rhythm
EQ9
Acoustic
Environment
Intent
Provide a high level of
temperature and
ventilation or lighting
system control by
individual occupants, or
by specific groups in
multi-occupant spaces.
Provide a thermally
comfortable environment
that supports the
productivity and well-
being of building
occupants.
Provide building
occupants with a
connection between
indoor spaces and the
outdoors by introducing
daylight and views.
Connect patients, visitors,
and staff to the natural
environment.
Provide building
occupants with a
connection between
indoor spaces and the
outdoors by introducing
daylight and views into
the building's regularly
occupied areas.
Improve alertness levels,
work performance, staff
satisfaction and health, and
reduce medical errors, by
providing lighting systems
based on circadian rhythm.
Provide building occupants
with a healing environment,
free of disruptive levels of
sound and vibration.
Credit Goals
Provide individual lighting controls for 90% of the building occupants. Automatic
daylight dimming controls must be provided for permanently installed lighting that
is 15 feet inside of and 2 feet to either side of all windows and 10 feet around
skylights and 1 0 feet from the exterior face of clerestories.
Provide individual temperature and ventilation controls for 50% of the
occupants. Operable windows can be used in lieu of individual controls for
areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of
the window. Areas of operable window must meet ASHRAE 62-2001 , fl5.1 .
Provide a permanent monitoring system to ensure thermal comfort criteria as
determined by EQ Prerequisite 4 Thermal Comfort - Compliance.
Design for 34-66% of total floor area within 1 5 ft of perimeter window or 2%
daylight factor. (1-3 points)
Inpatient Units:
- Provide daylight access for 90% of patient and public spaces. (1 point)
- Achieve 2% daylight factor for 75% of staff occupied areas. (1 point)
Assess the site and surrounding area and develop a master plan for
incorporating ways of experiencing significant natural features (on-site and
distant) into the overall site and building planning. Incorporate nature as an
essential element of the building design in order to enhance the healing
process.
Establish direct line of sight to vision glazing for building occupants in 90% of all
staff occupied areas including offices, corridors, nursing stations, break rooms,
cafeterias, and lobbies.
Areas directly connected to perimeter windows must have a glazing-to-floor
area ratio of at least 0.07. Parts of the floor area with horizontal view angles of
less than 1 0 degrees at 50 inches above the floor cannot be included in this
calculation. End of corridor windows fulfill the requirement for unobstructed
length of the corridor.
Spaces not directly connected to perimeter windows must have a horizontal
view angle of less thanIO degrees at 50 inches above the floor involving 50% or
more of the room area. If the room meets these requirements then the entire
room area is considered to meet the view goal.
Exceptions to the goals include diagnostic and treatment rooms (if controlled
environment prohibits introduction of natural light), copy rooms, storage areas,
utility rooms, mechanical, and laundry rooms.
Provide electric lighting systems and controls for patient areas and staff work
areas based upon principles of circadian rhythm.
In patient areas, provide lighting design solutions that allow for variation in day
and night lighting characteristics.
In staff areas, provide lighting to support work performance and alertness
through both daytime and night lighting cycles. Implement a no-rotation work
routine to be able to address the needs of the day and the night shift
appropriately.
Provide ambient and task lighting that is variable spectrum, and free of glare,
and task oriented. Where daylight is not achievable, provide electric lighting
systems that simulate daylight, brightness and diurnal variation, and allow
individual and central lighting control systems.
Circadian Rhythm is a self-sustained biological rhythm that in an organism's
natural environment normally has the period of approximately 24 hours.
Specify materials, products, mechanical systems and design features to
attenuate sound and vibration, and not to exceed Room Criteria (RC) ratings
listed for Hospital and Clinics in Table 34 of Chapter 46, Sound and Vibration
Control, 1999 ASHRAE Application Handbook. Select ceiling tiles with
NRC>0.85 and CACa35 Test Sound Levels as a component of Building
Commissioning.
Source
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Credit Summary: Construction
Innovation in Design
Title
IN 1
Innovation in
Operations
Intent
To provide project teams
the opportunity to achieve
points for exceptional
performance above
requirements set by the
Green Guide for Health
Care: Operations and/or
innovative performance for
green operations strategies
not specifically addressed
by the Green Guide for
Health Care.
Credit Goals
Identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirement
for compliance, the proposed documentation to demonstrate compliance, and
the operational approach used to meet the required elements.
Source
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Credit Summary: Operations
Integrated Operations
Operations
Integrated Operations
Title
Intent
Credit Goals
Source
IO Prereq 1
Integrated
Operations &
Maintenance
Process
Demonstrate a cross discipline
approach in Operations and
Maintenance decision-making and
implementation to ensure safe,
healthful, environmentally sensitive
methods and materials.
Demonstrate functional cross discipline process for decision-making
regarding safe, healthful and environmentally sensitive operations
and maintenance and encouraging continuous improvement.
New
IO Prereq 2
Recertification
Process
Maintain the ongoing functional
application of all design decisions &
processes associated with the initial
design certification.
Specify processes to monitor and document actual performance of
each measure achieved in the initial design.
New
IO Prereq 3
Environmental
Tobacco Smoke
Control
Prevent exposure of building
occupants and systems to
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).
Prohibit smoking in the building.
Locate any exterior designated smoking areas at least 50 feet away
from entries, operable windows, air intakes, bus stops, disabled
parking, and other locations where occupants could inadvertently
come in contact with ETS when occupying, entering or leaving the
building.
Only for residential facilities where the functional program requires
accommodation for smokers may there be an exception to establish
negative pressure smoking rooms.
LEED-NC
IO Prereq 4
Outside Air
Introduction &
Exhaust Systems
Establish minimum indoor air quality
(IAQ) performance to enhance indoor
air quality in buildings, thus
contributing to the health and well-
being of the occupants.
Modify or maintain existing building outside-air (OA) ventilation
distribution system to supply at least the outdoor air ventilation rate
required by ASHRAE 62.1-2004. (ASHRAE 62.1.1-2001 with all
Addenda can be used until ASHRAE 62.1-2004 is published.)
Meet the EPA IAQ guidelines OR SMACNA IAQ guidelines for
HVAC System Maintenance to ensure the proper operations and
maintenance of HVAC components as they relate to IAQ.
Test and maintain the operation of all building exhaust systems,
including bathroom, utility areas, laboratories, kitchen and parking
exhaust system.
MOD
IO1.1
Building
Operations &
Maintenance:
Staff Education
Support appropriate operations and
maintenance of buildings and building
systems to ensure they deliver target
building performance goals over the
life of the building.
Have in place over the performance period a building operations
and maintenance staff education program that provides each staff
person primarily working on building maintenance with at least 24
hours of education each year over the performance period on
building and building systems operations, maintenance, and
achieving sustainable building performance. Training must be of
high quality and relevant to building operations and maintenance.
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IO1.2
Building Systems
Maintenance
Have in place over the performance period a comprehensive best
practices equipment preventative maintenance program that
provides in-house resources or contractual services to deliver post
warranty maintenance.
LEED-EB
IO1.3
Building Systems
Monitoring
Have in place over the performance period a system for continuous
tracking and optimization of systems that regulate indoor comfort
and the conditions (temperature, humidity, and CO2) delivered in
occupied spaces.
LEED-EB
IO2.1
IAQ Management:
Maintaining IAQ
Performance
Enhance Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
performance by optimizing practices to
prevent the development of indoor-air
quality problems in buildings.
Establish an IAQ Compliance Program, as outlined in "A Guide to
Managing Indoor Air Quality in Health Care Organizations", Joint
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 1997.
OR
Develop and implement on an ongoing basis an IAQ management
program for your building based on the USEPA document "Building
Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers".
Mod
IO2.2
Reduce
Particulates in Air
Distribution
Reduce exposure of building
occupants and maintenance personnel
to potentially hazardous particulate
contaminants.
Have filters with particle removal effectiveness MERV 13 or greater
in place over the performance period for all outside air intakes and
for the returns for the re-circulation of inside air. Establish and follow
a regular schedule for maintenance and replacement of these filters.
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Credit Summrv: Operations
Transportation Operations
Transportation Operations
Title
TO 1.1
Alternative
Transportation:
Public
Transportation
Access
TO 1.2
Alternative
Transportation:
Low Emitting and
Fuel Efficient
Vehicles
TO 1.3
Alternative
Transportation:
Car Pool
Programs
Intent
Reduce pollution and land
development impacts from single
occupancy vehicle use.
Credit Goals
Provide and maintain a building occupant conveyance program (shuttle-
link) for buildings that are more than 1/2 mile from commuter rail or
subway and 1/4 mile from established bus routes.
Own or lease an alternative fuel vehicle fleet, using any combination of
the acceptable fuel types, and comprising a minimum of 50% of total flee
mileage driven annually. Provide fueling stations for 1 00% of alternative
fuel fleet, and preferred parking for such fleets, as applicable. Acceptable
fuel types include bio-diesel, low-sulfur diesel, hydrogen, compressed
natural gas, hybrid or all-electric.
Provide and maintain a building occupant car pooling program that
serves a minimum of 5% of the full time equivalent (FTE) peak period
staff and add no new parking. Provide preferred parking for car pool
participants.
Source
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Credit Summary: Operations
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Title
EE Prereq 1
Existing Building
Commissioning
EE Prereq 2
Minimum Energy
Performance
EE Prereq 3
Ozone Protection
EE1
Optimize Energy
Performance
EE2
On-Site and Off-
Site Renewable
Energy
EE3
Energy Efficient
Equipment
Intent
Verify that fundamental building
systems and assemblies are
performing as intended to meet
current needs and sustainability
requirements.
Establish the minimum level of
energy performance for the
building and systems.
Reduce ozone depletion.
To achieve increasing levels of
energy performance to reduce
environmental impacts associated
with excessive energy use.
Encourage and recognize
increasing levels of on-site and
off-site renewable energy in order
to reduce environmental and
health burdens associated with
fossil fuel energy use.
Reduce energy consumption by
using efficient medical and other
equipment.
Credit Goals
Verify and ensure that fundamental building elements and systems are
installed, calibrated, and operating as intended so they can deliver
functional and efficient performance.
Carry out a comprehensive existing building commissioning including
the following procedures:
Develop a comprehensive building operation plan that meets the
requirements of current building usage, and addresses the: heating
system, cooling system, humidity control system, lighting system, safety
systems and the building automation controls.
Prepare a commissioning plan for carrying out the testing of all building
systems to verify that they are working according to the specifications of
the building operation plan.
Implement the commissioning plan documenting all the results.
Repair or upgrade all systems components that are found to not be
working according to the specifications of the building operation plan.
Re-test all building components that required repairs or upgrades to
verify that they are working according to the specifications of the
building operation plan.
Demonstrate that the building has achieved an EPA ENERGY STAR®
score of at least 60 utilizing the EPA ENERGY STAR Benchmarking
Tool for building types addressed by ENERGY STAR.
Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in HVAC&R base building systems
unless a third party audit shows that system replacement or conversion
is not economically feasible.
Demonstrate ongoing continuous improvement in energy performance
above the Energy Star score of 60, as required in Prerequisite 1 , for the
institution, campus or building as follows:
Credit 1.1 Energy Star score of 63
Credit 1 .2 Energy Star score of 67
Credit 1 .3 Energy Star score of 71
Credit 1 .4 Energy Star score of 75
Credit 1 .5 Energy Star score of 79
Credit 1 .6 Energy Star score of 83
Credit 1 .7 Energy Star score of 87
Credit 1 .8 Energy Star score of 91
Credit 1 .9 Energy Star score of 95
Credit 1.10 Energy Star score of 99
Over the performance period, fulfill some or all of the building's total
energy use through the use of on-site or off-site renewable energy
systems. Points are earned according to the following table. The
percentages shown are the percentage of building energy use over the
performance period met by renewable energy resources.
1 % on site generation or 5% off site Renewable Energy Certificates
2% on site generation or 10% off site Renewable Energy Certificates
5% on site generation or 25% off site Renewable Energy Certificates
10% on site generation or 50% off site Renewable Energy Certificates
Obtain and install a minimum 75%, based on cost, of the annual
electrical medical and office equipment, that is either Energy Star®
qualified, or in the top 25th percentile for energy consumption for that
class of equipment.
Source
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Credit Summary: Operations
Energy Efficiency
Title
Intent
Credit Goals
Source
EE4
Refrigerant
Selection
Reduce ozone depletion and
support early compliance with the
Montreal Protocol.
Do not operate base building HVAC, refrigeration or fire suppression
systems that contain HCFCs or Halons.
OR
Reduce emissions of refrigerants from base cooling equipment to less
than 3% of charge per year over the performance period using EPA
Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 procedures governing refrigerant
management and reporting and reduce the leakage over the remainder
of unit life to below 25%.
LEED-EB
EE5.1
Performance
Measurement:
Enhanced
Metering
Demonstrate ongoing
accountability and optimization of
building energy and water
consumption performance over
time and add incentives for
additional energy reduction.
Have in place over the performance period continuous metering for the
following items: (Up to 2 points can be earned - one point is earned for
each 4 actions implemented/maintained). For each item metered,
prepare, implement and maintain a program for using the data gathered
to improve building performance over time.
- Lighting systems and controls.
- Separate building electric meters that allow aggregation of all process
electric loads.
- Separate building natural gas meters that allow aggregation of all
process natural gas loads.
- Chilled water system efficiency at variable loads (kW/ton) or cooling
loads (for non-chilled water systems).
- Cooling load.
- Air and water economizer and heat recovery cycle operation.
- Boiler efficiencies.
- Building specific process energy systems and equipment efficiency.
- Constant and variable motor loads.
- Variable frequency drive (VFD) operation.
- Air distribution, static pressure and ventilation air volumes.
LEED-EB
MOD
EE5.2
Performance
Measurement:
Emission
Reduction
Reporting
Reduce building energy use and
associated emissions.
Identify building performance parameters that reduce energy use and
reduce emissions.
- Track and record the significant emission reductions including those
delivered by energy efficiency, renewable energy and other building
emission reduction actions including: carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur
dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), small particulates
(PM2.5), large particulates (PM10), and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs).
- Report the reductions in emissions resulting from these energy
efficiency and renewable operations using a third party voluntary
certification program.
- Retire at least 10% of the emission reductions, delivered by the energy
efficiency actions, through a third party voluntary certification program.
- Ask the suppliers of goods and services for the building to do the same
by implementing actions above.
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Credit Summary: Operations
Water Conservation
Water Conservation
Title
WC Prereq 1
Minimum Water
Efficiency
WC1
Water Use
Reduction: Water
Efficient
Landscaping
WC2
Building Water
Use Reduction
WC3
Process Water
Efficiency
WC4
Water Use
Reduction:
Measurement
Intent
Maximize fixture water efficiency
within buildings to reduce the
burden on potable water supply
and wastewater systems.
Limit or eliminate the use of
potable water for landscaping
irrigation.
Maximize fixture water efficiency
within buildings to reduce the
burden on potable water supply
and wastewater systems.
Reduce process potable water
use and process wastewater
generation.
Provide for the ongoing
optimization and conservation of
building potable water
consumption overtime and in
areas of the facility not otherwise
impacted by construction.
Credit Goals
Maximize fixture potable water efficiency to achieve a level equal to or
below water use baseline, calculated as 120 percent of the water
usage that would result if 1 00% of the total building fixture count were
outfitted with plumbing fixtures that meet the Energy Policy Act of 1 992
fixture performance requirements. If the building does not have
separate metering for each water use (fixture use, process use,
irrigation and other uses) the water use reduction achievements can be
demonstrated with calculations. At least one meter for the overall
building water use is required and metering for cooling towers and
other process water uses are encouraged but not required.
Use high-efficiency irrigation technology OR use captured rain or
recycled site water to reduce potable water consumption for irrigation
in comparison to conventional means of irrigation. Achieve reductions
in potable water use for irrigation over conventional means of irrigation.
Credit 1 .1 Reduce potable water use by 50%.
Credit 1 .2 Reduce potable water use by 100%.
Have in place over the performance period strategies and systems that
in aggregate produce a reduction of fixture potable water use from the
calculated fixture water usage baseline established in WC Prerequisite
1 . If the building does not have separate metering for each water use
(fixture use, process use, irrigation and other uses) the water use
reduction achievements can be demonstrated with calculations. At
least one meter for the overall building water use is required and
metering for cooling towers and other process water use is encouraged
but not required.
Credit 2.1 Reduce potable water use by 10%.
Credit 2.2 Reduce potable water use by 20%.
Process water is defined as water used for non-sanitary purposes.
Examples of process water use in a health care facility include imaging
equipment, microscopes, decontamination equipment, other diagnostic
and lab equipment, dietary equipment and laundry facilities.
Credit 3.1 Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce process water
use and process wastewater generation by 20%. Document the
reductions from baseline.
Credit 3.2 Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce process water
use and process wastewater generation by 30%.
Credit 3.3 Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce process water
use and process wastewater generation by 40%.
Provide for long term continuous measurement of potable water uses
within the facility. Provide individual meters for the following water
uses (as applicable to the project):
-Water use in laboratory
-Water use in dietary department
-Water use in central sterile and processing department
-Water use in laundry
-Water use in radiology and imaging department
-Water use in Surgical Suite
-Purified water system (reverse osmosis and/or de-ionized) and filter
backwash water
-Outdoor irrigation systems
-Cooling tower make-up and filter backwash water
-Steam boiler system make-up water
-Closed loop hydronic system make-up water
-Water use in mechanical equipment, including pumps
Source
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Credit Summary: Operations
Chemical Management
Chemical Management
Title
Intent
Credit Goals
Source
CM Prereq 1
Polychlorinated
BiPhenyl (PCB)
Removal
Reduce the potential exposure of
building occupants to PCBs and
PCB combustion by-products in
case of fire in the building.
Establish a PCB management program.
Identify the applicable regulatory requirements.
Have a current survey that identifies where PCBs are located in the
building and on the site so that the PCBs present can be addressed
appropriately in the ongoing PCB management program.
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CM 1.1
Community
Contaminant
Prevention:
Airborne
Releases
Minimize building airborne
effluents and environmental, health
and safety burdens to site and
neighbors.
Exceed by 10% the NIH-CDC Guidelines for Airborne Effluent from
Laboratories that Handle Biohazards (CDC-NIH Biosafety in
Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, latest edition (currently
May 1999)).
Meet all standards of California South Coast Air Quality Management
District for all products of combustion.
Obtain low sulfur diesel or bio-diesel fuels for generators and other
diesel equipment.
New
(EPC)
CM 1.2
Community
Contaminant
Prevention:
Leaks & Spills
Prevent releases of hazardous
chemicals and fuels to storm
sewer.
Develop and implement a policy to use containment and engineering
controls to manage outdoor storage of fuels and chemicals in order to
minimize risk from leakage and spills.
New
(EPC)
CM 2
Indoor Pollutant
Source Control:
High Hazard
Chemical
Management
Avoid exposure of building
occupants to potentially hazardous
indoor pollutants and chemicals
that adversely impact air quality
and human health.
Develop a policy for receiving, handling, storing and disposing of high
hazard substances. Include the purchasing department in developing
standards for evaluating hazardous chemicals prior to purchase.
Minimize the use of hazardous chemicals in specific applications (refer
to Credit language for list)
New
CM 3.1
Chemical
Discharge:
Chemical Waste
Minimization
Plan
Protect natural habitat, waterways
and water supply from pollutants
carried by building discharge
water.
Protect municipal sewage treatment works from pollutant discharge
from building operations.
Prepare a chemical waste minimization plan to minimize or eliminate
chemical waste drainage to the sanitary system that includes:
- A listing of chemical products and systems for the evaluation and
implementation of less toxic alternatives. Priority areas include:
Dialysis, Environmental Services, Facilities Management/Engineering,
Laboratory/Pathology/Histology, Nutrition Services, Pharmacy, -
Radiology, Sterile Processing, and Surgical Services.
- A description of chemical storage areas and description and
implementation of secondary containment.
New
CM 3.2
Chemical
Discharge:
Pharmaceutical
Waste
Minimization
Plan
Reduce pharmaceutical wastes in
sanitary sewer discharge.
Develop an integrated pharmaceutical waste management system in
which all waste bulk chemotherapy items are segregated and
managed as hazardous waste, all other waste Pharmaceuticals are
segregated into hazardous or non-hazardous waste, and no antibiotics,
hormones or other pharmaceutical waste is drain disposed to the
sanitary sewer system.
Develop a pharmaceutical waste minimization plan that includes:
- Non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste: Segregate into dedicated
containers for disposal at a regulated landfill permitted to accept non-
hazardous pharmaceutical waste;
- Non-chemotherapy pharmaceutical waste that meets the definition of
a hazardous waste: Identify, segregate, label, store, and manage as
hazardous waste as defined in the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA);
- Bulk chemotherapy waste: Segregate from trace chemotherapy
waste, label, store, and manage bulk chemotherapy waste as
hazardous waste as defined in the RCRA.
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Credit Summary: Operations
Waste Management
Waste Management
Title
WM Prereq 1
Waste Stream
Audit
WM 1
Total Waste
Reduction
WM2
Regulated
Medical Waste
Reduction
WM3
Food Waste
Reduction
Intent
Establish minimum source
reduction and recycling program
elements and quantify current
waste stream production volume.
Reduce solid waste disposal in
landfills and incinerators
generated by healthcare facilities
through reduction, reuse,
recycling and composting.
Reduce solid waste disposal in
landfills and incinerators
generated by health care facilities
through reduction, reuse,
recycling and composting.
Reduce solid waste disposal in
landfills and incinerators
generated by health care facilities
through reduction, reuse,
recycling and composting.
Credit Goals
Conduct a waste stream audit of the ongoing waste stream to establish
a current baseline identifying the types and amounts of waste stream
constituents. At a minimum, the audit should determine the amounts
for paper, glass, plastics, cardboard, regulated medical waste,
hazardous waste and metals in the waste stream. Operate over the
performance period a procurement/management policy to reduce waste
stream through purchasing strategies, collection station equipment and
occupant education.
Have in place over the performance period a Waste Management Plan
and implementation strategies to prioritize reduction, reuse, recycling,
and composting to divert wastes from disposal in landfills and
incinerators.
Incorporate steps into the facility's Waste Management Plan to
eliminate, minimize, substitute and safely dispose of wastes generated
by the facility using reduction of disposables and single use devices.
Incorporate steps into the facility's Waste Management Plan that
address the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling,
including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, cardboard/OCC, metals,
batteries and fluorescent lamps.
The Plan should be designed to collect and recycle a minimum of 95%
of batteries and a minimum of 95% of fluorescent lamps discarded.
Each time reusable architectural elements, such as panels, are moved
and reinstalled, they can be counted as part of the total waste stream
and included in the recycled component of the waste stream.
Incorporate steps into the facility's Waste Management Plan to
implement best available technology (BAT) alternatives to incineration
AND
For existing health care facilities, reduce total waste below 1998 levels
as indicated in the table which follows (by weight or volume):
Credit 1 .1 Reduce total waste volume by a minimum of 30%.
Credit 1 .2 Reduce total waste volume by a minimum of 40%.
Credit 1 .3 Reduce total waste volume by a minimum of 50%.
Credit 2.1 Demonstrate that total regulated medical waste volume or
weight is less than 1 0% of the solid waste stream from the facility.
Credit 2.2 Demonstrate that incineration will be used to dispose of only
that fraction of the waste stream required by regulations to be
incinerated. (Pyrolysis is not considered an acceptable alternative to
incineration.)
Develop a food waste diversion and collection plan, consistent with
health and solid waste regulations, for all food use areas including but
not limited to: catering, patient rooms, cafeteria and food preparation
areas.
Divert a minimum of 75% of food service organic waste by weight from
the solid waste stream. Diversion may include any combination of
animal feed, compost or donation. Provide controlled areas to facilitate
easy removal of food waste, consistent with facility Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) plan.
Source
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Credit Summary: Operations
Environmental Services
Environmental Services
Title
ES1
Outdoor Grounds
and Building
Exterior
Management
ES2
Indoor Integrated
Pest Management
ES3
Environmentally
Preferable
Cleaning Policy
ES4.1
Sustainable
Cleaning Products
& Materials
ES4.2
Environmentally
Preferable
Janitorial
Equipment
Intent
Encourage grounds/site/building
exterior management practices that
preserve ecological integrity,
enhance biodiversity and protect
wildlife while protecting the health of
building occupants.
Reduce human exposure to physical
and chemical hazards and odors
associated with pest management
products and practices by employing
custodial operations that use safe
methods and low-toxicity or non-
toxic pest management products.
Limit exposure of building occupants
and maintenance personnel to
potentially hazardous chemical,
biological and particulate
contaminants.
Limit exposure of building occupants
and maintenance personnel to
potentially hazardous chemical,
biological and particulate
contaminants.
Credit Goals
Have in place over the performance period a low-impact site and
green building exterior management plan that addresses the topics
listed below. One point is earned for each four items addressed:
- Maintenance equipment
- Plantings
- Animal and vegetation pest control
- Landscape waste
- Fertilizer use
- Snow removal (where applicable)
- Cleaning of building exterior
- Paints and sealants used on building exterior
- Other maintenance of the building exterior
Develop and implement an Integrated Pest Management Program
for managing pest control in the building interior, including, at a
minimum:
- Methods of identifying pests and monitoring levels of infestation.
- Stated action thresholds, or the level of infestation that can be
tolerated.
- Listing of preventive or corrective actions to be employed (such as
sanitation, structural repairs, and ongoing maintenance), traps, and
the judicious use of pesticides.
Develop and maintain an environmentally preferable cleaning policy
for all surfaces, including floors, walls, furniture and medical
equipment addressing:
-Sustainable floor care systems.
- Levels of required disinfection for all surfaces.
- Sustainable cleaning systems.
- Use of sustainable cleaning products.
- Use of chemical concentrates and appropriate dilution systems.
- Proper training of maintenance personnel in the hazards, use,
maintenance and disposal of cleaning chemicals, dispensing
equipment and packaging.
- Use of hand soaps that do not contain antimicrobial agents (other
than as a preservative system), except where required by health
codes and other regulations (i.e., food service and health care
requirements).
- Use of cleaning equipment that does not negatively impact IAQ.
Adopt and implement sustainable purchasing policy for cleaning
products and materials. Cleaning product and material purchases
include building purchases for use by in-house staff or used by
outsourced service providers.
Calculate the percentage of the total sustainable material and
product purchases that meet the specified sustainability criteria.
One point will be awarded for each 30% of the total annual
purchases of these products (on a cost basis) that meet the
following sustainability criteria (up to 3 points):
- Cleaning products that meet the Green Seal GS-37 standard if
applicable, OR if GS-37 is not applicable, use products that comply
with the California Code of Regulations maximum allowable VOC
levels.
- Minimize added fragrances in cleaning products.
Develop, implement and maintain a policy for the use of janitorial
equipment that maximizes effective reduction of building
contaminants while minimizing environmental and health burdens.
Source
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Credit Summary: Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing
Title
EP1.1
Food: Organic
or Sustainable
EP1.1
Food:
Antibiotics
EP1.2
Local
Production /
Food Security
EP2
Janitorial Paper
& other
Disposable
Products
Intent
Support sustainable food production
and improved environmental health
through purchase of organic, drug
free and locally produced food
products.
Reduce use of virgin paper
resources in janitorial and other
disposable product applications.
Credit Goals
Organic or Sustainable Food
Procure at least 25% of combined food and beverage purchases from
sources that are:
- USDA certified organic
- Food Alliance Certified
- Rainforest Alliance Certified
- Protected Harvest
- Fair Trade Certified
AND/OR
- local farms within a 100 mile radius of the facility.
Antibiotics in Meat Production
Adopt a meat procurement purchasing policy that includes the following
requirements.
- Regularly and consistently inform suppliers of meat, poultry, dairy, and
seafood products of the preference for purchasing products that have
been produced without non-therapeutic use of antibiotics, particularly
those that belong to classes of compounds approved for use in human
medicine. Procure a minimum of 50% of the total volume of such
purchasing in compliance with this requirement.
Farmers Markets
Host and promote on-site farmers market during growing season(s),
OR
Support and promote local farmers market during growing season(s),
OR
Farmers-Consumer Links
Provide access and support of direct farmer-to-consumer link, such as
Community Supported Agriculture and/or food box program to patients,
with a priority on low income population,
OR
Farms and Gardens
Support on-site food producing garden and/or urban food producing
garden programs that are accessible to the public.
Develop and maintain a low environmental impact disposable product
policy, addressing the following:
- Use disposable janitorial paper products and trash bags that meet the
most current Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) for
recycled content, AND
- Give preference to paper products that are manufactured Process
Chlorine-Free, AND
- Use large rolls wherever possible, and hands-free dispensers that limit
paper portions, AND
- Do not use C-fold or multi-fold paper towel systems.
Source
NEW
New
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Credit Summary: Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
Title
Intent
Credit Goals
Source
EP3
Electronics
Purchasing and
Take Back
Require take back and
management services for end-of-
life electronic products to safely
manage hazardous compounds.
Develop IT Assets Management Team that has staff from IT,
Environmental Services/ Recycling, Procurement, Administration and
Risk Officers.
Develop an IT-Environmental Management Plan. The IT-Environmental
Management Plan should include strategies around Procurement,
Reduction, responsible reuse, and responsible recycling.
Each of these strategies should be in compliance with federal and state
regulations and include:
- Manufacturers' written commitments of equipment take-back at end of
product life.
- Only those recyclers that have signed the Recycler's Pledge of
Environmental Stewardship, and verified that they do not export
hazardous waste shall be contracted with.
- The plan should comply with all state and federal hazardous waste
regulations, including Universal Waste Rules.
- A HIPAA compliance plan for electronic products.
NEW
EP4.1
Toxic
Reduction:
Mercury
Eliminate stand-alone mercury-
containing medical devices and
reduce mercury discharge through
product substitution and capture.
Develop a mercury free policy.
Eliminate specification and use of barometers, medical devices, and
other stand-alone mercury containing medical equipment.
Purchase mercury free MRI equipment, wheel chairs, automated beds
and other medical and laboratory equipment.
Purchase low mercury fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent
lamps, and low mercury high intensity discharge bulbs such that
average mercury content in fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent
lamps does not exceed 5 mg of mercury, and that high-intensity
discharge lamps have the lowest available mercury content, providing
that all other performance specifications are met.
Collection and disposal of any mercury devices shall be designated for
recycling and preclude overseas donation/disposal.
Develop a mercury spill protocol, and hold recaptured mercury for safe
disposal.
LEED-EB
MOD
EP4.2
Toxic
Reduction:
DEHP
To reduce and limit the exposure of
patients, staff and visitors to DEHP
from clinical products plasticized
with DEHP.
DEHP is used extensively as a plasticizer in PVC containing products.
Facilities shall develop a DEHP elimination plan. The plan shall require:
- Audit and identify use areas of flexible PVC (or vinyl) plasticized with
DEHP. Tubing, IV and blood bags are the primary end uses for
disposable PVC medical products.
- Develop a DEHP-free implementation plan, including timelines for
phaseout for procedures identified by the FDA as high risk.
- According to the FDA these highest risk procedures are total
parenteral nutrition in neonates (with lipids in PVC bag), enteral nutrition
in neonates and adults, multiple procedures in sick neonates (high
cumulative exposure), hemodialysis in peripubertal males or pregnant
or lactating women, exchange transfusion in neonates, heart
transplantation or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (aggregate
dose), massive infusion of blood into trauma patient, extracorporeal
membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates, transfusion in adults
undergoing ECMO.
- Directs the facility purchasing department and/or Group Purchasing
Organization to require manufacturers to label DEHP containing
products.
- Include a purchasing policy which gives preference to DEHP-free
clinical and other products.
NEW
EP4.3
Toxic
Reduction:
Natural Rubber
Latex
Eliminate air contaminants and
allergens emitted from medical
supplies and devices and that
release volatile organic compounds
and other chemicals to ensure the
health of building occupants and
staff.
Establish and implement a policy prohibiting the procurement and use
of natural rubber latex surgical gloves, balloons, and other products and
materials containing natural rubber latex in health care facilities.
Establish and implement a policy prohibiting the procurement and use
of natural rubber latex in carpet backing.
NEW
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Credit Summary- Operations - Page 10 of 12
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Credit Summary: Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
Title
Intent
Credit Goals
Source
EPS
Furniture and
Medical
Furnishings
Reduce the environmental impacts
from the manufacture, use and
disposal of furniture and medical
furnishings products.
Purchase 40% of annual volume of furniture and medical furnishings
that complies with the requirements of Construction: MR Credit 9.1-9.3
Furniture and Medical Furnishings.
LEED-EB
MOD
EP6
IAQ Compliant
Products
Enhance building indoor air quality
(IAQ) through procurement and
implementation of low-emitting
products and processes.
Optimize use of air quality compliant materials inside the building to
improve the building's emission profile. Points are awarded for the
existence of sustainable product purchasing policies for the building and
site addressing these requirements, and documentation of purchasing
during the performance period in conformance with those policies, as
described below. Subsequent re-certification is tied to both policies and
purchasing performance, as described below.
At a minimum, these policies must include the following product groups:
paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, carpet, composite panels,
agrifiber products and building materials used inside the building. The
building materials covered include any building materials used for
improvements, including upgrades, retrofits, renovations or
modifications, inside the building.
One point shall be awarded, up to a maximum of 2 points, for each 45%
of annual purchases calculated on a dollar value that conform with one
of the following sustainability criteria:
- Adhesives and sealants with a VOC content that complies with
Construction: EQ Credit 4.1 Credit Goals, OR
- Paints and coatings with VOC emissions that do not exceed the VOC
and chemical component limits of Green Seal's Standard GS-11
requirements and complies with Construction: EQ Credit 4.2 Credit
Goals, OR
- Carpet that meets the Credit Goals of Construction: EQ Credit 4.3, OR
-Composite panels, agrifiber products and insulation that contain no
added urea-formaldehyde resins and comply with Credit Goals of
Construction: EQ Credit 4.4.
LEED-EB
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Credit Summary: Operations
Innovation in Operations
Innovation in Operations
Title
IN 1
Innovation in
Operation
IN 2
Documenting
Sustainable
Operations:
Business Case
Impacts
IN 3.1
Documenting
Productivity
Impacts:
Absenteeism
and Health
Care Cost
Impacts
IN 3.2
Documenting
Productivity
Impacts:
Other
Productivity
Impacts
Intent
To provide project teams
and projects the opportunity
to achieve points for
exceptional performance
above requirements set by
the Green Guide for Health
Care: Operations and/or
innovative performance for
Green operations strategies
not specifically addressed
by the Green Guide for
Health Care.
Document sustainable
building cost impacts.
Document absenteeism,
health care cost and
productivity impacts of
sustainable building
performance improvements.
Document other productivity
impacts of sustainable
building performance
improvements.
Credit Goals
Identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirement
for compliance, the proposed documentation to demonstrate compliance, and
the operational approach used to meet the required elements.
Document overall building operating costs for the previous five years (or length
of building occupancy, if shorter), and track changes in overall building
operating costs over the performance period. Document building operating cost
and financial impacts of all of the aspects of Green Guide implementation on an
ongoing basis.
Document the history of absenteeism and health care costs for building
occupants for the previous five years (or length of building occupancy with a
minimum of 12 months) and track changes in absenteeism and health care
costs (claim costs must be provided and any reductions in premium costs
should be provided if available) for building occupants over the performance
period relative to sustainable building performance improvements.
Document other productivity impacts (beyond health impacts outlined in IN
Credit 3.1) of sustainable building performance improvements for building
occupants. Address and track changes in staff recruitment, satisfaction or
retention, clinical performance measures (medical errors, for example) for
building occupants over the performance period relative to sustainable building
performance improvements, for a minimum of 12 months.
Source
LEED-EB
LEED-EB
LEED-EB
LEED-EB
MOD
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GGHC
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Construction
Integrated Design
Construction Credits
Integrated Design
Required ID Prerequisite 1
Integrated Design Process
Intent
Achieve an effective collaborative design process and outcome by engaging the multiple design
disciplines, as well as owners, users, constructors, facility managers and operations personnel.
| Health Issues
Integrated teams are necessary for successful application of green building
solutions. The conventional construction of health care facilities, with its myriad
technical requirements, is often fragmented and disjointed with members of the
design team competing for limited construction funds. Participation of all
members of the design team throughout the process will enable cross-discipline
decision making relative to such issues as building siting, configuration, envelope
and HVAC design.
Integration leads to perceiving the building as a set of interrelated and
interdependent systems where a single design decision can trigger multiple
systemic improvements. The purpose of this prerequisite is to encourage design
teams to organize for success in implementing green building solutions. The
merging of ideas, perspectives and areas of expertise facilitated by an open
communications process reaps multiple benefits, as the project team moves from
the optimization of single systems in isolation to the optimization of the entire
building enterprise. Establishing vertical support throughout the organization
helps ensure success.
Credit Goals
• Use cross discipline design and decision making starting early in the process & continuing
throughout to take advantage of interrelationships between systems. Include representation
early on in the design process from all end user stakeholders, including owners, physician
teams, nursing, administrators, support services, housekeeping staff, and engineering/
maintenance personnel.
Documentation
Q Compile copies of the Goals Statements, performance checklists, and/or other design
tools used in the development of the project's high performance design components.
Q Identify obstacles that were encountered that prevented the team from realizing the
originally identified goals and/or performance targets.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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Construction
Integrated Design
ID Prerequisite 1 continued
Integrated Design
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Reinforce corporate/institutional commitments to environmental health and community
responsibility. Use cross discipline design, decision-making, and charrettes. Use goal setting
workshops and build a team approach. Prepare checklists for points and strategies prior to
beginning the design process; refer to these at milestones during the design process.
Engage owner, staff, contractors, user groups and community groups, educating them on the
benefits of green design and bringing them in to the design process at key points in the decision-
making process.
Register your project and design team to participate in the GGHC Pilot at www.gghc.org to
participate in peer-to-peer problem solving in the GGHC Forum with other teams also working to
achieve sustainable design goals and objectives.
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Construction
Integrated Design
Required ID Prerequisite 2
Environmental Health Mission Statement & Program
Intent
Establish environmental health goals and use as a basis for selection and implementation of
building design, construction, and operational strategies.
| Health Issues
Prevention is a fundamental principle of health care and public health. The
health care industry acknowledges that prevention is preferable to treatment of
disease after it has occurred. In the face of uncertainty, precautionary action is
appropriate to prevent harm. This public health approach makes sense both in
the clinical setting and in response to environmental and public health hazards.
Similarly, a precautionary and preventive approach is an appropriate basis for
decisions regarding health care building design and materials choices and
activities.
Credit Goals
• Prepare an environmental health mission statement and program to complement the facility's
functional design program. The environmental health program shall be retained by the facility
with the other design data to assure that future alterations, additions, and program changes
are consistent with the intent of the environmental health program.
Documentation
Q Prepare a copy of the environmental health mission statement and program.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies and Strategies
Develop this document as an initial component of an integrated design charrette, to serve as a
basis for decisions regarding sustainable design and operations. This environmental health
program shall describe project design goals that minimize the potential adverse impacts of the
project on the health of occupants, the local community, and the global environment while
enhancing the healing environment for patients and the work environment for the staff. This shall
be a guiding document for design team selection, design criteria development, and construction
documents.
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Integrated Design
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
Sustainable Sites
Required SS Prerequisite 1
Erosion & Sedimentation Control
Intent
Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality.
| Health Issues
Controlling erosion and sedimentation retains soil resources on site, preventing
contaminated run-off from entering aquatic bodies with potential for human exposure to
waterborne pollutants and toxic chemicals, and dispersion of dust and particulate matter
that can exacerbate respiratory illnesses.
Credit Goals
• Develop a site sediment and erosion control plan, specific to the site, that conforms to United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Document No. EPA-832R-92-005 (September 1992),
Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Chapter 3, OR local erosion and sedimentation
control standards and codes, whichever is more stringent. Assure that the plan meets the following
objectives:
• Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater run-off and/or wind erosion, including
protecting topsoil by stockpiling for reuse.
• Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams.
• Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter.
Documentation
Q Prepare a Site Protection Plan and specifications, by civil engineer or responsible party, noting
how the project follows local erosion and sedimentation control standards or the referenced EPA
standard (whichever is more stringent) and identifying the limits of construction and disturbance
and protection measures, including erosion control measures highlighted.
Reference Standards
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Document No. EPA-832R-92-005 (September
1992), Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Chapter 3, www.epa.gov.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Adopt an erosion and sedimentation control plan for the project site during construction. Consider
employing strategies such as temporary and permanent seeding, mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing,
sediment traps, and sediment basins. Other methods include protection of existing vegetation including
protection of clusters or groupings of existing vegetation (i.e. tree or shrub masses) rather than isolated
plant material in order to minimize unnecessary ground disturbance (topsoil stripping) and removal of
existing groundcover.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 1
Site Selection
Intent
Avoid development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a
building on a site.
| Health Issues
Sustainable site selection criteria contribute to healthy ecosystems - clean air and clean
water - thereby enhancing the public health by protecting wetlands, agricultural lands and
open spaces. Biodiversity protects ecosystems, water systems and endangered and
threatened species.
Credit Goals
• Do not develop buildings, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet any one of the
following criteria:
• Prime farmland as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture in the United States
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Volume 6, Parts 400 to 699, Section 657.5 (citation
7CFR657.5).
• Land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the elevation of the 100-year flood as defined by
the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
• Land which is specifically identified as habitat for any species on the Federal or State threatened
or endangered lists.
• Within 100 feet of any water including wetlands as defined by United States Code of Federal
Regulations 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, and isolated wetlands or areas of special
concern identified by state or local rule, OR greater than distances given in state or local
regulations as defined by local or state rule or law, whichever is more stringent.
• Land which prior to acquisition for the project was public parkland, unless land of equal or greater
value as parkland is accepted in trade by the public landowner (Park Authority projects exempt).
Documentation
Q Obtain verification from the civil engineer that the project site meets the credit goals.
Reference Standards
American Farmland Trust Definition of Prime Agricultural Land, www.farmland.org.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100-Year Flood Definition, www.fema.gov.
Regional Endangered Species Lists, http://endangered.fws.gov.
40 CFR, Parts 230-233, and Part 22. Code of Federal Register, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Give preference to sites that do not include sensitive site elements and restricted land types. Select a
suitable building location and design the building with the minimal footprint to minimize site disruption.
Strategies include stacking the building program, tuck under parking, and sharing facilities with neighbors.
GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point _ SS Credit 2
Development Density
Intent
Channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructures, protect greenfields and preserve
habitat and natural resources. In rural areas, increase development density on existing or previously
developed sites rather than undeveloped rural land.
| Health Issues _
Siting decisions for hospitals and related health care facilities reflect regional health care
needs, often requiring a rural site selection to keep pace with development patterns.
Locating new facilities where development exists minimizes sprawl and the resulting
unhealthful air quality and sedentary lifestyle indicators associated with auto-dependence
and transportation-related air pollution. Several studies show that increased sprawl
correlates with obesity and high blood pressure.
Credit Goals
• Increase localized density to conform to governmental density goals by utilizing sites that are located
within an existing minimum development density of 80,000 square feet per acre (two story downtown
development)
OR
• For previously developed rural sites, increase density of the existing site to a minimum development
density of 30,000 square feet per acre.
Documentation
Q Prepare the calculation demonstrating that the project has achieved the required development
densities. Obtain density calculations for the project site and for the surrounding area.
Q Prepare an area plan with the project location highlighted.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
During the site selection process, give preference to urban sites with high development densities.
Quantify the development density of the project as well as the surrounding area. For health care providers
in rural areas, increase development density on previously developed sites rather than achieving
expansion through acquisition of undeveloped rural land.
Resources
Urban Land Institute, washinqton.uli.org. a non-profit organization that promotes the responsible use of land to
enhance the environment.
Smart Growth America, www.smartarowthamerica.com/health.html.
Natural Resources Defense Council, www.nrdc.org.
GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 3.1
Brownfield Redevelopment: Basic Remediation Level
Intent
Rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by real or perceived environmental
contamination, reducing pressure on undeveloped land.
| Health Issues
With appropriate remediation, brownfield redevelopment has the potential to protect public
health by safely removing health hazards from communities while preserving the public
health benefits of undeveloped land.
Credit Goals
• Develop on a site documented as contaminated (by means of an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II
Environmental Site Assessment) OR on a site classified as a brownfield by a local, state or federal
government agency. Effectively remediate site contamination.
Documentation
Q Document the pertinent sections of the ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment
describing the site contamination OR obtain documentation from a local, state or federal
regulatory agency confirming that the site is classified as a brownfield by that agency.
Q Obtain documentation, including test results, declaring the type of damage that existed on the site
and describing the remediation performed.
Reference Standards
ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment
Potential Technologies & Strategies
During the site selection process, consider opportunities and risks associated with potential brownfield
sites. Identify tax incentives and property cost savings by selecting a brownfield site. Develop and
implement a site remediation plan and clean up the site using remediation strategies such as pump-and-
treat, bioreactors, land farming, and in-situ remediation. Consider plant selection strategies that
incorporate varieties with a natural capacity to absorb and filter out pollutants.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 3.2
Brownfield Redevelopment: Residential Remediation Level
Intent
Rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by real or perceived environmental
contamination, reducing pressure on undeveloped land.
| Health Issues
Redeveloping brownfields can be an effective strategy to improve environmental quality;
however, stringent remediation technologies and standards are required in brownfield
rehabilitation to protect the health and safety of the vulnerable people residing and
working in a health care facility.
Existing brownfield regulations are inconsistent and differ greatly in their requirements. To
achieve this additional Brownfield Redevelopment credit, the health care facility must
insure protection of public health through rigorous remediation and consistent compliance
with chemical thresholds for the most vulnerable.
Note that remediation of a single site may leave adjacent properties with problematic
levels of contamination, thus potentially subjecting patients or the surrounding community
to unhealthful exposure.
Credit Goals
• Develop on a site documented as contaminated (by means of an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II
Environmental Site Assessment) OR on a site classified as a brownfield by a local, state or federal
government agency.
• Remediate the site to the Residential level as defined by the EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation
Guidelines.
• Obtain state agency clearance for construction of a hospital on the remediated site.
• Verify that the site is not within 2000 feet of another site documented as contaminated (by means of
an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment) OR a site classified as a brownfield by
a local, state, or federal government agency, unless remediated to the Residential level as defined by
the EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Guidelines.
Documentation
Q Document the pertinent sections of the ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment
describing the site contamination OR obtain documentation from a local, state or federal
regulatory agency confirming that the site is classified as a brownfield.
Q Obtain documentation, including test results, demonstrating compliance with the EPA Region 9
regulations.
Q Obtain a copy of state agency clearance certification.
Q Obtain verification from the civil engineer or authorized party that the adjacent properties have
been surveyed and determined not to be sources of potential hazards.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
SS Credit 3 continued
Brownfield Redevelopment
Reference Standards
EPA Sustainable Redevelopment of Brownfields Program, www.epa.gov/brownfields.
EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Guidelines,
http://www.epa.gov/region9/waste/sfund/prg/index.htm.
ASTME1903-97
Potential Technologies & Strategies
During the site selection process, consider opportunities and risks associated with potential brownfield
sites, as well as costs of remediation. Identify tax incentives and property cost savings by selecting a
brownfield site. Develop and implement a site remediation plan and clean up the site using remediation
strategies such as pump-and-treat, bioreactors, land farming, and in-situ remediation. Consider plant
selection strategies that specify species with a natural capacity to absorb and filter out pollutants.
Resources
Rafson, Harold Jl, and Rafson, Robert N., Brownfields, Redeveloping Environmentally Distressed Properties. 1999.
Russ, Thomas A., Redeveloping Brownfields. 2000.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 4.1
Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access
Intent
Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.
| Health Issues
Motor vehicles represent the largest single source of atmospheric pollution including
nitrogen oxides (a precursor of smog); benzene (a carcinogen); particulate matter (a
trigger of respiratory illness and symptoms); volatile organic compounds (some of which
are potentially hazardous and precursors of smog); carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas);
and carbon monoxide (a contributor to heart disease).
Credit Goals
• Locate the building entrance within 1/2 mile of a commuter rail, light rail or subway station or 1/4 mile
of two or more public or campus bus lines usable by building occupants.
Documentation
Q Prepare an area drawing or transit map highlighting the building location and the fixed rail stations
and bus lines, and indicate the distances between them. Include a scale bar for distance
measurement.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a transportation survey of future building occupants to identify transportation needs. Site the
building near mass transit, or establish shuttle services to encourage use of mass transit options.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 4.2
Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms
Intent
Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.
| Health Issues
Encouraging bicycling to work prevents emissions associated with motorized transport
and enhances the health of the bicyclist. According to the World Health Organization,
people who regularly commute by bicycle have a 40% reduction in mortality compared
with people who do not bicycle to work.
Credit Goals
• Provide secure bicycle storage and convenient changing/shower facilities (within 200 yards of the
building) for 3% or more of peak building day shift staff. Provide one shower per 8 cyclists. (Staff
shower facilities within the building may be counted.)
Documentation
Q Compile site drawings and documents highlighting bicycle storage and changing and shower
facilities. Include calculations demonstrating that these facilities have the capacity to
accommodate a minimum of 3% of the day shift staff.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building with transportation amenities such as bicycle storage and showering/changing
facilities. Shower and changing facilities may be shared with those provided in Staff Locker facilities within
the building.
Ideal bicycle storage for staff is enclosed lockers or other secure systems, conveniently located.
Consider the abilities of patients using the specific facility being designed. Patients treated in medical
office buildings may be capable of commuting by bicycle, consistent with an emphasis on preventative
medicine.
Conduct annual reviews of commute modes and preferences and increase bicycle storage capacity if
needed to meet potential demand.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 4.3
Alternative Transportation: Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Intent
Reduce pollution from local emissions of fossil-fuel combustion powered vehicles.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities normally operate fleets of vehicles for the purposes of maintaining
and operating their facilities. These vehicles range from ambulances to delivery vans to
shuttle buses, which often operate continuously and relatively locally. Motor vehicles
represent the largest single source of atmospheric pollution including nitrogen oxides (a
precursor of smog); benzene (a carcinogen); particulate matter (a trigger of respiratory
illness and symptoms); volatile organic compounds (some of which are potentially
hazardous and precursors of smog; carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas); and carbon
monoxide (a contributor to heart disease). By reducing emissions, alternative fuel fleets
contribute to healthier air quality, benefiting the health of the building occupants and the
surrounding and global communities.
Credit Goals
• Provide preferred parking and fueling stations for a 100% alternative fueled fleet if that fleet
comprises a minimum of 50% of total fleet mileage driven annually. Acceptable fuel types include bio-
diesel, low-sulphur diesel, hydrogen, compressed natural gas, hybrid or all-electric.
OR
• Install alternative-fuel refueling station(s) for 3% or more of the total vehicle parking capacity of the
site.
OR
• Provide preferred parking programs for hybrid or alternative fuel vehicles for at least 10% of the total
vehicle parking capacity.
Documentation
Q Compile site drawings highlighting alternative fuel refueling stations. Provide calculations
demonstrating that these facilities accommodate 100% of the alternative fueled fleet or at least
3% of the total vehicle parking capacity. Provide documentation that the alternative fuel refueling
stations proposed will serve current available street legal vehicles.
OR
Q Prepare calculations indicating that preferred parking for hybrid and/or alternative fuel vehicles is
being provided for at least 10% of the total vehicle parking capacity. Provide site drawings or
parking plan highlighting preferred parking for hybrid and/or alternative fuel vehicles.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
SS Credit 4.3 continued
Alternative Transportation: Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Alternative fuel vehicle fleets can be used to provide on campus transportation or between campus
transportation, transportation to remote parking and staff housing, ambulance and ambulette fleets, and
carpool/vanpool programs.
Low sulfur diesel fuel and biodiesel are becoming available in many markets nationwide, particularly in
regions designated as non-attainment areas or where there are high levels of ground level ozone. Low
sulfur diesel fuels can be used in all diesel engines without modifications. Biodiesel is usable in most
diesel engines as well, although in some older engines may require changing of rubber gaskets and more
frequent changing of filters during initial use as it cleans the system.
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Construction
Sustainable Sites
1 point SS Credit 4.4
Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity
Intent
Reduce pollution and land development impacts from single occupancy vehicle use.
| Health Issues
Motor vehicles represent the largest single source of atmospheric pollution including
nitrogen oxides (a precursor of smog); benzene (a carcinogen); particulate matter (a
trigger of respiratory illness and symptoms); volatile organic compounds (some of which
are potentially hazardous and precursors of smog; carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas);
and carbon monoxide (a contributor to heart disease).
Credit Goals
• Size parking capacity to meet, but not exceed, minimum local zoning requirements OR health
department regulatory authority, whichever is the overriding requirement, AND provide preferred
parking for carpools or vanpools capable of serving 5% of the total building staff AND limit overall
open-air paved vehicular circulation and parking area to 350 sf/stall.
OR
• For renovation projects, provide preferred parking and implement/document programs and policies for
carpools and/or vanpools capable of serving 5% of the total building staff and add no new parking.
Documentation
Q Provide local zoning or health department requirements, as applicable.
Q Compile a description, parking plan, and supporting public outreach literature describing carpool
and/or vanpool programs designed to serve 5% of the total building staff. Indicate preferred
parking locations for carpools and vanpools. Prepare annual summary on carpool and vanpool
usage.
Q For renovation projects, prepare a pre-renovation parking plan and a post-re novation parking plan
demonstrating that no new parking capacity was added and that preferred parking policies for
carpools and/or vanpools capable of serving 5% of the total building staff are adopted.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Minimize parking lot and garage size. Consider sharing parking facilities with adjacent buildings and
implementing staff carpool and vanpool programs. Consider instituting shuttle bus services for staff
members who live in the neighborhood, or to link with bus or rail lines.
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1 point _ SS Credit 5.1
Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space
Intent
Conserve, preserve and enhance existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat for
native flora and fauna and promote biodiversity.
| Health Issues _
Healthy ecosystems promote healthy people by maintaining health-promoting qualities of
air and water systems. By minimizing site disruption associated with construction practices,
the health of these ecosystems can be protected. Health care facilities should protect and
enhance the site's existing natural areas as a therapeutic resource. Research shows that
physical and visual connections to the natural environment provide significant social,
psychological and physical benefits for patients, staff and visitors.
Credit Goals
• On greenfield sites, limit site disturbance including earthwork and clearing of vegetation to 40 feet
beyond the building perimeter, 15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs, 8 feet beyond walkways, 10
feet from the centerline of main utility trenches, and 10 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable
surfaces (such as pervious paving areas, stormwater detention facilities and playing fields) that
require additional staging areas. Protect and encourage the development of native vegetation. Native
plants are those species that occur naturally in the particular region, state, ecosystem, and habitat
without direct or indirect human actions.
OR
• On previously developed sites, restore a minimum of 50% of the site area (excluding the building
footprint) by replacing impervious surfaces with emphasis on native and limited use of adapted
vegetation. Insure that no adapted vegetation is a known invasive species. Native plants are those
species that occur naturally in the particular region, state, ecosystem, and habitat without direct or
indirect human actions.
Documentation
Q On Greenfield sites, compile a site disturbance plan demonstrating that site disturbances (including
earthwork and clearing of vegetation) has been limited to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter, 15 feet
beyond primary roadway curbs, 8 feet beyond walkways, 10 feet from the centerline of main utility
trenches and 10 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces. Prepare a Site Protection
Plan and specifications, by civil engineer or responsible party, noting limits of construction, disturbance,
protection and enhancement measures.
OR
On previously developed sites, obtain a narrative describing restoration and re-vegetation of
degraded habitat areas, including use of native and non-invasive adapted vegetation. Obtain
highlighted site drawings with area calculations demonstrating that 50% of remaining open areas
have been restored.
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Credit 5.1 continued
Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a site survey to identify site elements and adopt a master plan for development of the project
site. Select a suitable building location and design the building with the minimal footprint to minimize site
disruption. Strategies include stacking the building program, tuck-under parking and sharing facilities with
neighbors.
Other strategies include locating the loading dock underneath the building and locating helipads on top of
the building or as a component of other paved surface areas, such as a section of the parking lot, where
possible, to reduce site disturbance. Establish clearly marked construction boundaries and provide
adequate protection measures to minimize disturbance of existing site and restore previously degraded
areas to their natural state. Other methods include protection of existing vegetation by protecting clusters
or groupings of existing vegetation (i.e. tree or shrub masses) rather than isolated plant material in order
to minimize unnecessary ground disturbance (topsoil stripping) and removal of existing groundcover.
Coordinate habitat, wetland, and stream preservation programs with erosion control and stormwater
management goals, including soil bioengineering technologies. Adopt rehabilitation, restoration, and
reclamation strategies for the site's watershed management.
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Construction
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1 point SS Credit 5.2
Reduced Site Disturbance: Development Footprint
Intent
Conserve, preserve and enhance existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat for
native flora and fauna and promote biodiversity.
| Health Issues
Healthy ecosystems promote healthy people by maintaining balance in air and water
systems, and by minimizing construction site disruption. Health care facilities can protect
and enhance the site's existing natural areas as a therapeutic resource. Research shows
that physical and visual connections to the natural environment provide social,
psychological and physical benefits for patients, staff and visitors.
Credit Goals
• Reduce the development footprint (defined as entire building footprint, access roads and parking) so
that open space on the site exceeds the local zoning requirement by 25%. For areas with no local
zoning requirements (e.g., some university campuses and military bases), dedicate open space area
adjacent to the building that is equal to the development footprint.
Documentation
Q Compile a copy of the local zoning requirements highlighting the criteria for open space. Prepare
a calculation demonstrating that the open space exceeds the local zoning open space
requirement for the site by 25%.
OR
Q For areas with no local zoning requirements, dedicate open space area adjacent to the building
that is equal to the development footprint. Prepare a letter from the property owner stating that
the dedicated open space will be conserved for the life of the building.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a site survey to identify site elements and adopt a master plan for development of the project
site. Select a suitable building location and design the building with the minimal footprint to minimize site
disruption. Strategies include stacking the building program, tuck-under parking and loading docks, and
sharing facilities with neighbors. Establish clearly marked construction boundaries to minimize
disturbance of existing site and restore previously degraded areas to their natural state.
Coordinate habitat, wetland, and stream preservation programs with erosion control and stormwater
management goals, including soil bioengineering technologies. Adopt rehabilitation, restoration, and
reclamation strategies for the site's watershed management.
Health care facilities often contain provisions for helipads, which impact site development footprint.
Consider locating the helipad on a rooftop or as a component of other paved surface area (a section of
the parking lot) where possible to reduce site disturbance.
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1 point SS Credit 6.1
Stormwater Management: Rate and Quantity
Intent
Limit disruption to channel stability and pollution of natural water flows by implementing a channel
protection strategy.
| Health Issues
Controlling stormwater run-off lessens contamination of receiving waters thereby reducing
opportunities for human and wildlife exposure to waterborne pollutants, bacteria, and toxic
chemicals that are linked to a variety of health effects including cancer, birth defects, and
nervous system disorders.
Credit Goals
• If existing imperviousness is less than or equal to 50%, establish a stormwater management plan that
protects downstream channel stability using a recognized channel protection strategy [e.g., Ontario's
Distributed Run-off Control (Final Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual, Ontario
Ministry of the Environment 1999) or Maryland's Channel Protection Volume (Maryland Stormwater
Design Manual, Vol. I & II, MDE 2000)]. At a minimum, the channel protection strategy shall prevent
the post-development 2-year, 24-hour peak discharge rate from exceeding the pre-development 2-
year, 24-hour peak discharge rate.
OR
• If existing imperviousness is greater than 50%, establish a stormwater management plan that results
in a 25% decrease in the rate and quantity of run-off from the 1-year, 24-hour design storm.
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations demonstrating that: (1) existing site imperviousness is less than or equal to
50%; and (2) a recognized channel protection strategy has been implemented; identify the
recognizing authority.
Q Prepare calculations demonstrating that the stormwater management strategies result in at least
a 25% decrease in the rate and quantity of run-off from the 1-year, 24-hour design storm. Include
calculations demonstrating that existing site imperviousness exceeds 50%.
Reference Standards
United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Guidance Specifying Management Measures
for Sources of Nonpoint- Pollution in Coastal Waters, January 1993 (Document No. EPA-840-B-92-002),
www.epa.gov/OW.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the project to maintain natural stormwater flows by using alternative surfaces (e.g., green roofs,
pervious paving, vegetative filter strips) and promoting infiltration. Significantly reduce impervious
surfaces, maximize on-site stormwater infiltration, and retain pervious and vegetated areas. Harvest and
reuse stormwater run-off from impervious areas of the building for non-potable uses such as landscape
irrigation. Consider permeable paving materials in the context of overall accessibility and the degree of
mobility of the building users.
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1 point SS Credit 6.2
Stormwater Management: Treatment
Intent
Limit disruption of natural water flows by reducing stormwater run-off, increasing on-site infiltration and
eliminating contaminants.
| Health Issues
Controlling stormwater run-off lessens contamination of receiving waters thereby reducing
opportunities for human exposure to waterborne pollutants, bacteria and toxic chemicals
that are linked to cancer, birth defects, and nervous disorders.
Credit Goals
• Establish a stormwater treatment systems plan that maintains annual groundwater recharge rates by
promoting nonstructural practices and infiltration and captures and treats the run-off volume from
either 90% of the average annual rainfall or 1" (2.54 cm) of rainfall. Structural Best Management
Practices (BMPs) used to treat run-off shall be designed to remove 80% of the average annual post
development total suspended solids load (TSS) and 40% of the average annual post-development
total phosphorus load (TP) based on the average annual loadings from all storms less than or equal
to the 2 year/24 hour design storm. Do so by implementing Best Management Practices (BMPs)
outlined in Chapter 4, Part 2 (Urban Run-off), of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal
Waters, January 1993 (Document No. EPA-840-B-92-002) or the local government's BMP document
(whichever is more stringent).
Documentation
Q Compile plans, drawings, and calculations demonstrating that the design complies with or
exceeds EPA or local government Best Management Practices (whichever is more stringent) for
removal of total suspended solids and total phosphorous.
Reference Standard
United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Guidance Specifying Management Measures
for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, January 1993 (Document No. EPA-840-B-92-002),
www.epa.gov/OW.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Use alternative surfaces (e.g., green roofs, pervious paving) and nonstructural practices (e.g., rain
gardens, bio-swales, vegetative filter strips, disconnected impervious surfaces) to reduce imperviousness
and promote infiltration. Use environmentally sensitive design strategies (e.g., Low Impact Development,
Maryland Stormwater Design Manual) to design mechanical or natural treatment systems to treat the
site's stormwater. Utilize biologically based and innovative stormwater management features for pollutant
load reductions such as constructed wetlands, filters and open channels to treat stormwater run-off.
Coordinate habitat, wetland, and stream preservation programs with erosion control and stormwater
management goals, including soil bioengineering technologies. Adopt rehabilitation, restoration, and
reclamation strategies for the site's watershed management.
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1 point SS Credit 7.1
Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof
Intent
Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between urban developed and undeveloped areas) to
minimize impact on microclimates and human and wildlife habitat.
| Health Issues
Mitigating the heat island effect results in lowering ground level temperatures near
buildings thereby reducing conditions favorable for ground-level ozone (smog) formation
that can lead to respiratory illness. In addition, a cooler microclimate reduces a building's
cooling load, thereby curbing reliance on fossil-fuel generated electricity, and reducing
associated particulate and greenhouse gas emissions.
Credit Goals
• Provide shade (within 5 years) and/or use light-colored, high-albedo and/or open grid pavement with
a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of at least 30 for at least 30% of the site's hardscape including
parking areas, walkways, plazas, fire lanes, roads, etc..
OR
• Place a minimum of 50% of parking spaces underground or covered by structured parking.
OR
• Use an open grid pavement system (less than 50% impervious for a minimum of 50% of the parking
lot area.
Documentation
Q Compile a site plan and develop calculations demonstrating areas of hardscape including paving,
walking areas, plazas, fire lanes, etc. and landscaping (list species) and building footprint, and
declaring that:
• A minimum of 30% of non-roof impervious surfaces areas are constructed with high-albedo
materials and/or open grid pavement and/or will be shaded within five years. The SRI must be
calculated in accordance with ASTM E 1989-98 for the hardscape and have a minimum SRI of
30. Reflectance values used to calculate SRI are based on field measurements based on ASTM
E1918-97 procedure. Emissivity values used to calculate SRI are based on Table 1 or field
measurements using ASTM E 408-71 procedure.
OR
• A minimum of 50% of parking spaces have been placed underground or are covered by
structured parking.
OR
• An open-grid pavement system (less than 50% impervious) has been used for a minimum of 50%
of the parking lot area.
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Table 1
Material
Asphalt Paving-new
Asphalt Paving=aged
5+years
Chip-Seal w 0.28 albedo
aggregate1
Gray Portland Cement
Concrete1
White Portland Cement
Concrete1
Initial Solar
Reflectance
0.04
0.12
0.28
0.35°
0.7°
3-year Solar
Reflectance
0.12
N/A
0.20
0.2°
0.4°
Emissivity
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.88
0.88
Initial Solar
Reflectance
Index (SRI)
0
8.7
29
36
85
3-year Solar
Reflectance
Index (SRI)
8.7
N/A
18.8
17
44
1 Reflectance must be field verified using ASTM E1 91 8-97 procedure.
aFrom Kreith, F., "Principles of Heat Transfer," Intext Educational Publishers, New York, 1973.
b American Concrete Pavement Association, "Concrete Pavement Research & Technology Update." Number 3. 05,
June 2002.
c Calculated value based on characteristics of each material.
dASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 2001.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Employ strategies, materials and landscaping techniques to reduce heat absorption of exterior materials.
Shade constructed surfaces on the site with landscape features (native or non-invasive, climate tolerant
trees and large shrubs, vegetated trellises, or other exterior structures supporting vegetation) and
minimize the overall building footprint. Consider replacing constructed surfaces (i.e., roads, sidewalks)
with vegetated surfaces such as gardens and open grid paving or specify light-colored, high-albedo
materials to reduce the heat absorption.
Resources
Pomerantz, M., Akbari, H, and Chang, S.C., "The Effect of Pavements' Temperature on Air Temperatures in Large
Cities," Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. LBNL- 43442, Berkeley, CA.
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1 point
Construction
Sustainable Sites
SS Credit 7.2
Heat Island Effect: Roof
Intent
Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to
minimize impact on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat.
| Health Issues
Mitigating the heat island effect results in lowering ground level temperatures near
buildings thereby reducing conditions favorable for ground-level ozone (smog) formation
that can lead to respiratory illness. In addition, a cooler microclimate reduces a building's
cooling load, thereby curbing reliance on fossil-fuel generated electricity, and reducing
associated particulate and greenhouse gas emissions.
Credit Goals
• Specify Energy Star® compliant (highly reflective) AND high emissivity roofing (emissivity of at least
0.9 when tested in accordance with ASTM 408) roofing having a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) as
required in Table 2 for a minimum of 75% of the roof surface.
Table 2
Roof Type
Low-Sloped Roof
Steep-Sloped Roof
Slope
<2:12
>2:12
SRI
78
76
OR
• Install a "green" (vegetated) roof for at least 50% of the roof area. Combinations of high albedo SRI
roof and vegetated roof can be used if they meet in combination the Total Roof Area < ((Area of SRI
Roof * 1 .33) + (Area of vegetated roof * 2)).
Documentation
Q Document that the roof complies with the following requirements:
• The SRI is equal or greater than the value required in Table 2 for the building's specified roof
type.
• Reflectance values used to calculate SRI are based on values from product ratings from the Cool
Roof Rating Council's (CRRC) Directory of Rated Products or the U.S. EPA Energy Star
Program's Rated Products list or Independent Laboratory testing in accordance with ASTM E903-
96 for homogeneous, non-patterned materials having both specular and diffused optical
properties OR ASTM E1084 for inhomogeneous, patterned, or corrugated materials OR field
measurements using ASTM E1 91 8-97 procedure.
• Emissivity values used to calculate SRI are based upon product ratings from the CRRC's
Directory of Rated Products OR field measurements using ASTM E 408-71 procedure.
75% of the building's total roof area meets the applicable SRI requirement in Table 2.
OR
• Prepare calculation indicating Total Roof Area < ((Area of SRI Roof
roof * 2)) demonstrating compliance using combined approaches.
1.33) + (Area of vegetated
OR
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SS Credit 7.2 continued
Heat Island Effect: Roof
• Prepare photographs and calculations demonstrating that vegetated roof areas constitute at least
50% of the total roof area, and prepare maintenance plan for the vegetated roof system.
Reference Standards
EPA Energy Star Roofing Guidelines, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Energy Star®,
www.energystar.gov.
ASTM E408-71(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method For Total Normal Emittance Of Surfaces Using
Inspection-Meter Techniques, www.astm.org,
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Employ strategies, materials and landscaping techniques that reduce heat absorption of exterior
materials. Explore the use of new coatings, roof materials and colorants to achieve reflectance and
emissivity values. Use photovoltaic cells for roof shading.
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1 point SS Credit 8
Light Pollution Reduction
Intent
Eliminate light trespass from the building and site, improve night sky access, and reduce development
impact on nocturnal environments.
| Health Issues
Light pollution has been found to have a potential link to hormone production, specifically
related to melatonin and possibly estrogen levels in women. Light-related decreases in
melatonin and increased estrogen levels may be causally related. Increases in estrogen
levels in women are linked to breast cancer.
Credit Goals
• Meet or provide lower light levels than those recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America (IESNA) Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for Exterior Environments (RP-33-
99). Meet uniformity ratios recommended by IESNA Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for
Exterior Environments (RP-33-99).
• Design exterior lighting such that all exterior luminaires with more than 1000 initial lamp lumens are
shielded and all luminaires with more than 3500 initial lamp lumens meet the Full Cutoff IESNA
Classification.
• Assure that the maximum candela value of all interior lighting falls within the building (not out through
windows) and the maximum candela value of all exterior lighting falls within the property.
• Assure that any luminaire within a distance of 2.5 times its mounting height from the property
boundary has shielding such that no light from that luminaire crosses the property boundary.
• Zone and control lights to allow for limiting night-time lighting to the Emergency Department, a small
employee parking area, a small visitor parking area, pedestrian walkways, and circulation routes.
Documentation
Q Compile a brief exterior lighting system narrative describing the lighting objectives and the
measures taken to meet the ambient light and direct beam illumination requirements.
Q Compile an electrical site plan showing the zoning of the light fixtures and the control system for
the fixtures.
Reference Standards
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for
Exterior Environments (RP-33-99), www.iesna.org.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Adopt site lighting criteria to maintain safe light levels while avoiding off-site lighting and night sky
pollution. Minimize site lighting where possible and model the site lighting using a computer model.
Technologies to reduce light pollution include full cutoff luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces and low-
angle spotlights.
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1 point SS Credit 9
Connection to the Natural World: Places of Respite
Intent
Provide places of respite on the health care campus to connect health care patients, visitors, and staff to
the natural environment.
| Health Issues
Health care facility design should address the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of
the patients and/or residents, family members, visitors and staff that inhabit these
buildings. Privacy, confidentiality, security, dignity, comfort, orientation, and connection to
nature are key elements and issues that need to be addressed in the design of supportive
environments.
Places of respite connected to the natural environment are key elements in defining a
supportive, high performance healing environment with proven effects on patient and staff
well-being and improved clinical outcomes. A growing body of research indicates that
patients and medical staff benefit from access to daylight and landscape views. Providing
a variety of spaces for patients, families, and caregivers to pause and experience their
natural surroundings is an important programming and design objective.
Credit Goals
• Establish 5% of the net usable program area as specifically programmed places of respite with direct
connection to the natural environment, conveniently located and easily accessible and identifiable to
patients, visitors, and staff. Provide at least one place of respite dedicated to staff and separate from
patients and visitors.
• Provide at least one outdoor place of respite conveniently located and easily accessible and
identifiable to patients and visitors. Provide at least one outdoor place of respite dedicated to staff
that is easily accessible and is designated non-smoking.
Documentation
Q Compile floor plans highlighting places of respite.
Q Compile building program and calculation showing the 5% credit goal has been met.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Select appropriate locations for places of respite, taking into account architectural and engineering factors
(structural loads, etc.); environmental factors (winds, orientation, views, etc.); programs of care
(Horticultural Therapy, etc.); the needs of specific patient populations (immune suppression, sunlight
sensitivity, etc.) and realistic levels of maintenance. Consider issues of wayfinding and orientation,
accessibility, strength and stamina, activity and interest, privacy, independence. Provide choice and
variety in the design of spaces (for example, spaces that engage all the senses but also areas with limited
sensory stimulation). Consider a variety of smaller spaces conveniently located throughout the facility
rather than one large space.
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SS Credit 9 continued
Connection to the Natural World: Places of Respite
Strategies include on-grade and rooftop gardens; arrival, interior atrium and greenhouse gardens;
universal access path systems; sitting areas or vestibules or wide corridors that offer views of nature and
places to pause and/or adjacent destination and display areas of flora and fauna. Consider the
development of on-grade gardens and green spaces that will also help integrate the facility into the
surrounding community. Coordinate the integration of gardens and nature for interior and exterior
environments with the facility's Infectious Disease Control Specialist. This includes addressing concerns
of chemical sensitivities and allergens with certain high-pollen plant materials.
Places of respite may include family consultation spaces, lounges, cafes, grieving rooms, meditation
spaces or chapels, resource areas and libraries. Designated staff break areas, exercise spaces, and
resource areas may be considered. To qualify, these spaces must have direct connection to the natural
environment and must be spaces where no medical intervention or direct medical care is delivered. Direct
connection to the natural environment includes views of distant and nearby nature (such as inaccessible
rooftop spaces with "green" (vegetated) roofs and mature street trees).
In development of room data sheets or project space programs, include criteria for orientation relative to
major exterior views and other natural features (daylight, seasonal variations, sound of water).
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1 point SS Credit 10.1
Community Contaminant Prevention: Airborne Releases
Intent
Minimize building airborne effluents and environmental, safety, and health impacts to site and neighbors.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities include laboratories, pharmacies, and diagnostic services, which
generate substances toxic to patients, staff, visitors, and the neighboring communities.
Human health effects associated with exposure to airborne toxicants, particulates, gases,
and bioaerosols may include respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, hypersensitivity
pneumonitis, bronchitis); cardiovascular events (e.g., sudden death associated with
particulate air pollution), among others, depending on exposure levels.
Credit Goals
• Exceed by 10% the NIH-CDC Guidelines for Airborne Effluent from Laboratories that Handle
Biohazards (CDC-NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, latest edition
(currently May 1999).
• Meet all standards of California South Coast Air Quality Management District for all products of
combustion.
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation from the mechanical engineer of record that the NIH-CDC Guidelines for
Airborne Effluent from Laboratories that Handle Biohazards have been exceeded by 10% and all
California South Coast Air Quality Management District standards for products of combustion
have been met.
Reference Standards
National Institutes for Health - CDC Guidelines for Airborne Effluent from Laboratories that Handle
Biohazards (CDC-NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, latest edition (currently
May 1999).
California South Coast Air Quality Management District, www.aqmd.gov.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Provide scrubbers and filters for boilers and diesel generators.
Test and certify all filters as installed prior to occupancy and placard them for at least annual
recertification.
Burn fuels low in sulfur content. Provide air quality abatement equipment for equipment that burns fossil
fuels.
Burn bio-diesel fuels in lieu of fossil fuels.
Substitute ground-cooled heat exchanger for cooling tower to eliminate biohazard from cooling water.
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1 point SS Credit 10.2
Community Contaminant Prevention: Airborne Releases
Intent
Prevent releases of hazardous chemicals and fuels to storm sewer.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities store and manage chemicals in both underground tanks and other
outdoor facilities. Along with run-off from parking areas, these are significant potential
sources of surface and groundwater contamination. By minimizing potential exposure,
health care facilities can contribute to protecting the health of the surrounding community.
The reference standards cited below are more stringent than many local and state
regulatory thresholds and are designed to ensure that contamination risks associated with
chemical storage are reduced.
Credit Goals
• Establish oil interceptors at all drains from parking areas and central plant areas.
• Comply with California Health & Safety Code Section 25290.1 and 25291 for the installation of fuel oil
storage tanks to prevent release of diesel fuels.
Documentation
Q Compile design documentation of on-site fuel oil storage system(s).
Q Compile a plan indicating the location of all storage facilities, and a narrative describing
secondary containment provisions.
Reference Standards
California Health & Safety Code Section 25290.1 and 25291,
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/calawquerv?codesection=hsc.
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 112 (for spill control and countermeasures).
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Ensure that storage facilities include secondary containment provisions to prevent unintentional spills and
leakage from contaminating aquifers and stormwater.
Provide oil interceptors at all drains from parking areas and from central plant areas.
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Water Efficiency
Water Efficiency
Required WE Prerequisite 1
Potable Water Use for Equipment Cooling
Intent
Eliminate potable water use for equipment cooling.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air emissions
associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment, pumping and maintenance
of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of current urban water is used for drinking
and sanitary purposes, with the other 80% not requiring treatment to potable standards.
Using reclaimed water for selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious
potable water supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution
system must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product and
process purposes.
Credit Goals
• Do not use potable water for once through cooling for any equipment. (This credit does not apply to
potable water for cooling tower makeup, or for other evaporative cooling systems; refer to WE Credit
4 for Process Water Use Reduction.)
Documentation
Q Compile documentation of technologies employed to eliminate "once-through" use of potable
water for all equipment cooling purposes.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Use closed-loop cooling water for equipment cooling instead of open-loop (once-through). Often, cooling
of equipment is considered a critical application, where redundancy is desired to significantly reduce or
eliminate the possibility of a loss of cooling. When using closed-loop cooling systems for critical
applications (i.e. where failure of equipment due to loss of cooling would result in danger to patients or
medical personnel, damage to equipment, loss of medical information, or other significant adverse
impacts), owners should utilize multiple pieces of cooling equipment (n+1 redundancy). Where this is not
possible, an owner may elect to use potable water in an open-loop (once-through) configuration as the
emergency back-up cooling system only. Such emergency back-up systems shall only be used in the
event that the primary closed-loop cooling equipment has failed, and such a failure is visually and audibly
indicated at the point of use and alarmed at a continuously monitored location.
Use non-potable water sources for once-through cooling applications.
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Construction
Water Efficiency
1 point WE Credit 1.1
Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce Potable Water Use by 50%
Intent
Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air emissions
associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment, pumping and maintenance
of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of current urban water is used for drinking
and sanitary purposes, with the other 80% not requiring treatment to potable standards.
Using reclaimed water for selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious
potable water supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution
system must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product and
process purposes.
Native landscapes can dramatically lower irrigation requirements, with little if any
supplemental irrigation required after plant establishment, and attract native wildlife, birds,
and insects, creating a building site integrated with its natural surroundings.
Credit Goals
• Reduce potable water consumption from irrigation by at least 50% over conventional means.
Landscaped area must include a minimum of one-half acre outside of the building. Do not use water
from wells or rivers for site irrigation purposes.
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations substantiating that potable water consumption for irrigation has been
reduced by 50%. Use calculation methodology as described in LEED v2.1 Reference Guide
(pages 84 - 88) Include a brief narrative of the equipment used and/or the use of native plants or
non-invasive drought-tolerant plants.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a soil and climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types and design the landscape
with indigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Use high-efficiency irrigation
systems and consider using stormwater, recycled site water and/or greywater for irrigation.
Specify and install a roof-water or groundwater collection system. Use metal, clay, or concrete based
roofing materials and take advantage of gravity water flows whenever possible. Roofing materials made
of asphalt or with lead-containing materials contaminate collected rainwater and render it unsuitable.
Check with local regulatory authorities regarding the collection of rainwater as there may be local
regulations governing rainwater collection and reuse.
High efficiency irrigation strategies include micro-irrigation systems, moisture sensors, clock timers, and
weather database controllers. These systems are significantly more water efficient than conventional
irrigation systems.
N GUIDE
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Construction
Water Efficiency
1 point in addition to WE 1.1 _ WE Credit 1.2
Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation
Intent
Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.
| Health Issues _
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air emissions
associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment, pumping and maintenance
of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of current urban water is used for drinking
and sanitary purposes, with the other 80% not requiring treatment to potable standards.
Using reclaimed water for selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious
potable water supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution
system must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product and
process purposes.
Native landscapes can dramatically lower irrigation requirements, with little if any
supplemental irrigation required after plant establishment, and attract native wildlife, birds,
and insects, creating a building site integrated with its natural surroundings.
Credit Goals
• Use only captured rain or recycled site water to eliminate all potable water consumption for site
irrigation (except for initial watering to establish plants). Landscaped area must include a minimum of
one-half acre outside of the building. Do not use water from wells or rivers for site irrigation
purposes.
OR
• Do not install permanent landscape irrigation systems.
(Note that earning this credit automatically earns WE Credit 1. 1)
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation verifying that the project site will not use potable water for irrigation (except
for initial watering to establish plants). Include a narrative describing the captured rain system, the
recycled site water system, and their holding capacity. List all the plant species used. Include
calculations demonstrating that irrigation credit goals can be met from captured rain or recycled
site water.
OR
Document that the project site does not have a permanent landscape irrigation system. Include a
narrative describing how the landscape design allows for this.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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Construction
Water Efficiency
WE Credit 1.2 continued
Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a soil and climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types and design the landscape
with indigenous plants to eliminate irrigation requirements.
Specify and install a roof-water or groundwater collection system. Use metal, clay, or concrete based
roofing materials and take advantage of gravity water flows whenever possible. Roofing materials made
of asphalt or with lead-containing materials contaminate collected rainwater and render it unsuitable.
Check with local regulatory authorities regarding the collection of rainwater, as there may be local
regulations governing rainwater collection and reuse. Harvest non-potable building water for site irrigation
through use of on-site storage tanks, equipped with filters and pumps as appropriate.
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Construction
Water Efficiency
1 point WE Credit 2
Innovative Wastewater Technologies
Intent
Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand while increasing the local aquifer recharge.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Conventional wastewater systems require significant volumes of water to convey waste to
municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Replacing potable water used for sewage
conveyance with greywater and/or captured rainwater, or significantly reducing or
eliminating potable water use through the installation of waterless or ultra-low flow fixtures,
preserves precious potable water sources. Processing potable water is energy intensive
and thus contributes to air emissions associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the
treatment, pumping and maintenance of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of
current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other 80% not
requiring treatment to potable standards. Using reclaimed water for selected applications
can reduce costs. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution system
must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product and
process purposes.
Credit Goals
• Reduce the use of municipally provided potable water for building sewage conveyance by a minimum
of 50%.
OR
• Treat 100% of wastewater on site to tertiary standards.
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations and a narrative describing the measures used to reduce wastewater by at
least 50% from baseline conditions. Use Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture flow rates for the
baseline case. Use calculation methodology as described in LEED v2.1 Reference Guide (pages
95 - 97).
OR
Q Obtain documentation verifying that 100% of wastewater will be treated to tertiary standards on
site. Include narrative describing the on-site wastewater treatment system.
Reference Standards
Tertiary Standard is the highest form of wastewater treatment and includes removal of organics, solids
and nutrients as well as biological or chemical polishing, to effluent limits of 10 mg/L BOD5 and 10 mg/L
TSS.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify ultra-low flow fixtures and dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless urinals to reduce
wastewater volumes.
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Construction
Water Efficiency
WE Credit 2 continued
Innovative Wastewater Technologies
Develop a wastewater inventory and determine areas where greywater can be used for functions
conventionally served by potable water. These might include toilets, irrigation, and other non-patient
contact applications such as cooling tower makeup. Consider reusing stormwater or greywater for
sewage conveyance or on-site wastewater treatment systems (mechanical and/or natural).
The construction of artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment can be incorporated on multiple scales,
from individual buildings to campus wide facilities. As wastewater moves through the wetlands, plants
and microbes naturally remove water contaminants. An alternative technology is aquaculture, where
contaminants in the wastewater are food for fish and plants.
Resources
Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Wildlife Habitat: 17 case studies, EPA 832/B-93-005, 1993.
N GUIDE
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Construction
Water Efficiency
2 points WE Credit 3
Domestic Potable Water Use Reduction
Intent
Maximize potable water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and
wastewater systems.
NOTE: This credit refers to domestic potable water use. For reduction of potable water use in cooling
and process applications, refer to WE Credit 4, Process Water Use Reduction. For reduction of potable
water uses in irrigation, refer to WE Credit 1, Water Efficient Landscaping.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air emissions
associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment, pumping and maintenance
of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of current urban water is used for drinking
and sanitary purposes, with the other 80% not requiring treatment to potable standards.
Using reclaimed water for selected applications can reduce costs. To protect the public
health, a dual or dedicated distribution system must be installed to segregate potable and
reclaimed water for health, product and process purposes.
Credit Goals
• Credit 3.1 (1 credit) Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than the water use
baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation or process uses) after meeting the Energy
Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements.
• Credit 3.2 (1 credit) Employ strategies that in aggregate reduce water usage by an additional 10%
(total 30%) from the water use baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation or process
uses) after meeting the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements.
Documentation
Q Prepare the spreadsheet calculation demonstrating that water-consuming fixtures specified for
the stated occupancy and use of the building reduce occupancy-based potable water
consumption by the specified percentage compared to baseline conditions.
Q Maintain cut sheets for all water consuming fixtures necessary for the occupancy use of the
building, with water conservation specifications highlighted.
Reference Standards
The Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992, http://tis.eh.doe.gov/nepa.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Estimate the potable and non-potable water needs for the building. Develop a water use inventory in
conjunction with WE Credit 2 that includes all water consuming fixtures (not including irrigation or process
uses), and use this to identify significant potable water demands and determine methods to minimize or
eliminate these demands. Use Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture flow rates for the baseline case. (Use
calculation methodology as described in LEED v2.1 Reference Guide (pages 103-106).)
N GUIDE
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Construction
Water Efficiency
WE Credit 3 continued
Domestic Potable Water Use Reduction
Use high-efficiency fixtures, dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless urinals, and occupant
sensor controls to reduce potable water demand. Consider reuse of stormwater or greywater for non-
potable applications such as toilet and urinal flushing, mechanical systems (see WE Credit 4.2) and
custodial uses.
Water-efficient shower heads are available that require less than 2.5 GPM. Lavatory faucets are typically
used only for wetting purposes and can be effective with as little as 1.0 GPM. Water-saving faucet
aerators can be installed that do not change the feel of the water flow. Specify self-closing, slow-closing
or electronic sensor faucets, particularly in high-use public areas where it is likely that faucets may be
carelessly left running. Water closets are a significant user of potable water. There are a number of
toilets that use considerably less than 1.6 GPF, including pressure-assisted toilets and dual flush toilets
that have an option of 0.8 GPF or 1.0 GPF.
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Construction
Water Efficiency
1 point WE Credit 4.1
Process Water Use Reduction: Measurement and Verification
Intent
Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization of building water consumption performance over
time.
| Health Issues
Approximately 70% of the potable water consumption in health care facilities is attributable
to process water uses, compared to less than 30% consumed for "domestic" use.
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air emissions
associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment, pumping and maintenance
of the potable water systems).
Credit Goals
• Provide for long term continuous measurement of potable water uses within the facility.
• Meter the following water uses (as applicable to the project):
• Water use in laboratory
• Water use in dietary department
• Water use in central sterile and processing department
• Water use in laundry
• Water use in radiology and imaging department
• Water use in surgical suite
• Purified water system (reverse osmosis and/or de-ionized) and filter backwash water
• Outdoor irrigation systems
• Cooling tower make-up and filter backwash water
• Steam boiler system make-up water
• Closed loop hydronic system make-up water
Documentation
Q Compile a Measurement & Verification Plan with summary schedule of the instrumentation and
controls for the required monitoring categories, highlighting the I/O data points to be collected.
Q Document the monitoring system, including cut sheets of sensors and the data collection system.
Reference Standards
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol Volume 1, 2001 Version,
http://www.ipmvp.org/.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building with equipment to measure water performance. Submeter potable water systems.
Use measured system data to identify opportunities for reduced use of potable water.
N GUIDE
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Construction
Water Efficiency
1 point WE Credit 4.2
Process Water Use Reduction: Low or No Water Use Building System Equipment
Intent
Reduce or eliminate the use of potable water for non-potable process use in building system equipment.
| Health Issues
Approximately 70% of the potable water consumption in health care facilities is attributable
to process water uses, compared to less than 30% consumed for "domestic" use.
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is fresh water.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air emissions
associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment, pumping and maintenance
of the potable water systems).
Credit Goals
• Use building system equipment (pumps, compressors, cooling towers, etc) that reduce the use of
potable water by at least 10% in comparison to that of comparable equipment that use potable water
for a process use. Minimum water savings must be at least 100,000 gallons annually.
Documentation
Q Compile a spreadsheet listing all new or renovated building system equipment that would
conventionally use potable water for process use (cooling, seal, backwash, etc.). Compare with
similar equipment that reduces or eliminates the use of potable water for process use. Calculate
annual water savings for the use of this equipment.
OR
Q Compile construction drawings showing system components and arrangements for collection of
air conditioning condensate, stormwater runoff, or other site non-potable water for use in cooling
tower makeup.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify equipment with low or no usage of potable water (e.g., waterless vacuum pumps and air
compressors, mechanical seals on pumps, drift eliminators on cooling towers, combination sensible and
evaporative cooling towers, cooling tower water centrifugal separators, demand controlled or closed
circuit condensate coolers)., Compare water use by equipment that has low or no potable water use with
comparable equipment (e.g. water seal vacuum pumps versus waterless, or cooling tower sidestream
centrifugal separators versus sand filters) - substantial (10% or more) process potable water use
reduction by building mechanical system or medical equipment is easily achieved.
Design systems to capture air handling system condensate for use in non-potable applications such as
cooling tower makeup or irrigation.
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Energy & Atmosphere
Required EA Prerequisite 1
Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning
Intent
Verify and ensure that fundamental building elements and systems are designed, installed and calibrated
to operate as intended.
| Health Issues
Commissioning verifies the efficient and effective operations of a building's mechanical
systems, thus ensuring compliance with indoor air quality and thermal comfort design
criteria, and lessening dependence on natural resources resulting in improved outdoor air
quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Credit Goals
• Establish or have a contract in place to establish the following best practice commissioning
procedures:
• Engage a commissioning team that does not include individuals directly responsible for project design
or construction management.
• Review the design intent and the basis of design documentation.
• Incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents.
• Develop and utilize a commissioning plan.
• Verify installation, functional performance, training and operation and maintenance documentation.
• Complete a commissioning report.
Documentation
Q Document that the fundamental commissioning requirements have been successfully executed or
will be provided under existing contract(s).
Reference Standard:
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies and Strategies
Engage a commissioning authority and adopt a commissioning plan. Include commissioning
requirements in bid documents and task the commissioning authority to produce a commissioning report
once commissioning activities are completed. Hospitals and health care systems with in-house expertise
in design and commissioning may perform this work. However, this is extremely specialized expertise
and the Owner may benefit from engaging a credentialed Commissioning Authority.
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Required EA Prerequisite 2
Minimum Energy Performance
Intent
Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the base building and systems.
| Health Issues
Lower building energy use results in reduced combustion of fossil fuels for source energy
generation. Energy efficiency benefits health by reducing emissions from the products of
combustion, including less particulates and pollutants, which in turn help to improve
outdoor air quality. Greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global climate
change, are also reduced.
Credit Goals
Many codes applicable to health care facilities have requirements that preclude the building from meeting
ASHRAE 90.1 requirements. This section has been designed to allow a building baseline computation
that recognizes regulatory context. This credit distinguishes between buildings regulated by health code
requirements which exempt them from all or portions of local energy code requirements, from those that
are required to meet local energy codes.
• For acute care hospitals, long term care facilities or freestanding surgery centers with regulatory
requirements that are exempt from all or portions of the local energy code, design to meet or exceed
the baseline energy performance as defined below under Documentation.
• For buildings not exempted from any portion of the local energy codes, design to meet building
energy efficiency and performance as required by the local energy code or ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-
2004, which ever is more stringent.
• For all buildings, create an estimate of whole building energy consumption as defined below under
Documentation, and determine the Energy Performance Rating for your facility design using EPA's
Target Finder rating tool.
• This prerequisite may not be appropriate for small renovations that do not significantly affect the
fundamental energy systems for the area. This prerequisite can be applied to renovations that
substantially alter the fundamental energy systems.
Documentation
Q For acute care hospitals, long term care facilities or freestanding surgery centers with regulatory
requirements that are exempt from all or portions of the local energy code:
• Model anticipated building energy performance in accordance with ASHRAE 90.1-2004
Appendix G as modified by the Design Assumptions in GGHC Appendix 1, using
DOE2.1 E or Energy Plus.
• Demonstrate that the proposed building performance meets the ASHRAE 90.1-2004
Energy Cost Budget.
Q For acute care hospitals, long term care facilities or freestanding surgery centers, medical office
buildings, clinics or health care buildings not exempted from any portion of the local energy
codes:
• Prepare calculations verifying that the building complies with ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004
using the Energy Cost Budget Method, or local energy codes. If local energy codes were
applied, demonstrate that the local code is equivalent to, or more stringent than,
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004 .
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Prerequisite 2 continued
Minimum Energy Performance
Prepare a summary table of design features that minimally comply with applicable
mandatory requirements in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004, Sections 5-10, or local energy
codes.
Q For all buildings, calculate anticipated whole building energy performance using DOE2.1E or
Energy Plus modeling results. Use the Process Loads Procedures and Assumptions listed in
Appendix 1 to create a whole building energy consumption estimate from the results of the
modeling.
Q Determine the Energy Performance Rating for your facility design using EPA's Target Finder
rating tool. The GGHC is exploring new methods and tools for increasing energy performance in
the design stage. We strongly request that projects submit the Statement of Energy Design Intent
generated by Target Finder and a detailed description of the proposed building to:
GGHC Research Project; Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems; 8604 FM 969,
Austin, TX 78724.
(Note: while the GGHC process, including this point, is both voluntary and self-certifying, your
submission of this data will greatly inform the process of improving future versions of this
document.)
Reference Standards
EPA National Energy Performance Rating System, www.energystar.gov/benchmark
EPA Target Finder new design rating tool, www.energystar.gov/newbuildingdesign
ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Applications, Chapter 7 Health Care Facilities, Specific Design Criteria,
www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings, Except Low Rise Residential,
www.ashrae.org
AIA Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities, 2001 Edition, www.aia.org
2003 Savings By Design Health Care Modeling Procedures, Pacific Gas and Electric Company,
www.gghc.org/Documents/PGEModProc.pdf
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design building systems to maximize energy performance while maintaining or improving health and
safety requirements. Consider the following strategies as regionally appropriate:
Use energy (latent and sensible) recovery.
Ground source heat pumps.
Use evaporative cooling when ambient conditions allow.
Reduce outside airflow during unoccupied periods.
Expand unoccupied temperature dead band by automatically resetting zone temperature set points
based on occupancy.
Separate HVAC zones with constant airflow, temperature and humidity control requirements from
those with single or double shift occupancy that would allow reductions in air changes or setbacks
in temperature and humidity.
Provide a cooling system with at least two cooling loops operated at different temperatures. This can
be accomplished with separate chillers (or direct tower cooling).
Design for high part-load heating and cooling efficiency.
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Energy & Atmosphere
EA Prerequisite 2 continued
Minimum Energy Performance
Daylighting decreases energy costs for buildings by providing natural solar lighting. A well-designed
daylit building is estimated to reduce lighting energy use by 50 to 80% and reduce the associated
HVAC energy used to remove the heat of electric lighting from 10 to 20%. Overall power density
can be reduced as much as 30%, resulting in lower capital costs for power and HVAC systems.
Daylighting should be implemented in health care facilities with the special needs of the building
occupants in mind.
Design high efficiency chiller plants that use various technologies and strategies to reduce overall
plant energy consumption at full and part loads (such as chillers with variable speed drives on the
compressors, primary-only variable flow pumping, series-counterflow chiller arrangements, etc.).
Use low leakage air handling units to reduce overall fan horsepower while ensuring that air is properly
filtered.
Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy performance and identify the most cost effective
energy efficiency measures. Quantify whole building energy performance as compared to a baseline
building and to an annual energy performance target, if available.
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Required EA Prerequisite 3
CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment
Intent
Reduce ozone depletion.
| Health Issues
Stratospheric ozone layer depletion leads to increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation,
increasing risk factors for skin cancer and immune system depression. The United States
is one of the world's largest emitters of ozone depleting substances. As part of the US
commitment to implementing the Montreal Protocol, the EPA has implemented regulations
relative to the responsible management of CFCs, including programs to end the
production of ozone depleting substances.
Credit Goals
• Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new base building HVAC&R systems. When reusing existing
base building HVAC equipment that currently uses CFC refrigerants, create and implement a
comprehensive CFC phase-out plan.
Documentation
Q Document that the building's HVAC&R systems do not use CFC based refrigerants.
Q For existing buildings, compile a listing of all existing HVAC&R components and state whether
each component uses CFCs. For those components that use CFCs, prepare a phase out plan
describing how these components will be converted or removed and replaced with CFC-free
components before construction is complete.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
When reusing existing HVAC systems, conduct an inventory to identify equipment that uses CFC
refrigerants and adopt a replacement schedule for these refrigerants. For new buildings, specify new
HVAC equipment that uses no CFC refrigerants.
Resources
EPA, Stratospheric Ozone Protection: Moving to Alternative Refrigerants
http://es.epa.gov/program/epaorgs/oar/altrefrg.html.
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8 points
Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 1
Optimize Energy Performance
Intent
To achieve increasing levels of energy performance to reduce environmental impacts associated with
excessive energy use.
| Health Issues
Lower building energy use results in reduced combustion of fossil fuels for source energy
generation. Energy efficiency benefits health by reducing emissions from the products of
combustion, including less particulates and pollutants, which in turn help to improve
outdoor air quality. Greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global climate
change, are also reduced.
Credit Goals
Model anticipated building energy performance using DOE2.1E or Energy Plus in
accordance with the instructions provided in Prerequisite 2.
For buildings that are not exempt from local energy codes, compare performance of the
proposed building systems with the baseline building systems in accordance with
ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G.
For buildings that are exempt from all or portions of the local energy code, compare
performance of the proposed building systems with the baseline building systems as
described in Prerequisite 2.
This credit may not be appropriate for small renovations that do not significantly affect the
fundamental energy systems for the area. This credit can be applied to renovations that
substantially alter the fundamental energy systems.
Point total
Credit 1.1 (1 point)
Credit 1.2(2 points)
Credit 1.3(3 points)
Credit 1.4(4 points)
Credit 1.5(5 points)
Credit 1.6(6 points)
Credit 1.7(7 points)
Credit 1.8(8 points)
Exempt health care buildings
Compared with baseline described in
EA prerequisite 2
Reduce design energy consumption by 5%
Reduce design energy consumption by 10%
Reduce design energy consumption by 15%
Reduce design energy consumption by 20%
Reduce design energy consumption by 25%
Reduce design energy consumption by 30%
Reduce design energy consumption by 35%
Reduce design energy consumption by 40%
All other buildings
Compared to ASHRAE 90.1
Reduce design energy cost by 10%
Reduce design energy cost by 15%
Reduce design energy cost by 20%
Reduce design energy cost by 25%
Reduce design energy cost by 30%
Reduce design energy cost by 35%
Reduce design energy cost by 40%
Reduce design energy cost by 45%
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Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 1 continued
Optimize Energy Performance
Documentation
Q Prepare a narrative documenting energy saving measures incorporated in the building design,
including a table listing baseline and proposed comparisons of all model variables that are
different.
Q Prepare calculations verifying the building energy consumption performance achieved by the
proposed energy conservation measures.
Q Document anticipated whole building energy performance using the EPA's Target Finder design
tool as described in EA Prerequisite 2.
Reference Standards
See EA Prerequisite 1.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design building systems to maximize energy performance while maintaining or improving health and
safety requirements. Consider the following strategies as regionally appropriate:
• Use energy (latent and sensible) recovery.
• Use ground source heat pumps.
• Use evaporative cooling when ambient conditions allow.
• Reduce outside airflow during unoccupied periods.
• Expand unoccupied temperature dead band by automatically resetting zone temperature
set points based on occupancy.
• Separate HVAC zones with constant airflow, temperature and humidity control
requirements from those with single or double shift occupancy that would allow
reductions in air changes or setbacks in temperature and humidity.
• Provide a cooling system with at least two cooling loops operated at different
temperatures. This can be accomplished with separate chillers (or direct tower cooling).
• Design for high part-load heating and cooling efficiency.
• Design for daylighting to decrease energy costs for buildings by providing natural solar
lighting. A well-designed daylit building is estimated to reduce lighting energy use by 50
to 80% and reduce the associated HVAC energy used to remove the heat of artificial
lighting from 10 to 20%. Overall power density can be reduced as much as 30%,
resulting in lower capital costs for power and HVAC systems. Daylighting should be
implemented in health care facilities with the special needs of the building occupants in
mind.
• Design high efficiency chiller plants that use various technologies and strategies to
reduce overall plant energy consumption at full and part loads (such as chillers with
variable speed drives on the compressors, primary-only variable flow pumping, series-
counterflow chiller arrangements, etc.).
• Use low leakage air handling units to reduce overall fan horsepower while ensuring that
air is properly filtered.
GREEN GUIDE
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3 points
Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 2
Renewable Energy
Intent
Encourage use of renewable energy technologies to reduce fossil fuel energy use.
I Health Issues
Providing renewably-based on-site electricity to fulfill a portion of a building's energy
needs offsets the greenhouse gas and particulate emissions associated with fossil-fuel
electrical generation.
Credit Goals
Supply a net fraction of the building's total energy use (as expressed as a fraction of annual energy use)
with on-site renewable energy systems.
Point total
Credit 2.1 (1 point)
Credit 2.2 (2 points)
Credit 2.3 (3 points)
Renewable energy provided as
fraction of annual energy use
1% contribution
2% contribution
5% contribution
Documentation
Q Obtain calculations demonstrating that the required percentage of total energy use is supplied by
renewable energy system(s).
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Assess the project for renewable energy potential including: solar (PV and active thermal), wind,
geothermal, biomass (including biodiesel), hydro, and biogas strategies.
Note that ground source heat pumps do not count as geothermal, and that passive solar for domestic
water or space heating is included under EA Credit 1 for Optimize Energy Performance.
When applying these strategies, take advantage of "net metering" with the local utility.
GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
1 point EA Credit 3
Additional Commissioning
Intent
Verify and ensure that the entire building is designed, constructed and calibrated to operate as intended.
| Health Issues
Commissioning verifies the efficient and effective operations of a building's mechanical
systems, thus ensuring compliance with indoor air quality and thermal comfort design
criteria, and lessening dependence on natural resources resulting in improved outdoor air
quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Credit Goals
In addition to the Fundamental Building Commissioning prerequisite (EA Prerequisite 1), implement or
have a contract in place to implement the following additional commissioning tasks:
• Contract with a commissioning authority independent of the design team to review:
o The design prior to the construction document phase.
o The construction documents near completion of the construction document development
and prior to issuing the contract documents for construction.
o The contractor submittals relative to systems being commissioned.
• Provide the Owner with a single manual that contains the information required for re-commissioning
building systems.
• Have a contract in place to review building operation with O&M staff, including a plan for resolution of
outstanding commissioning-related issues within one year after construction completion date.
Documentation
Q Document that the required additional commissioning tasks have been successfully executed or
will be provided under existing contracts.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
EA Prerequisite 1 establishes the framework of an effective commissioning program. The Additional
Commissioning credit ensures peer review through independent, third party verification. Engage the
commissioning authority early in the design phase. The three design credit goals must be executed by a
firm that is not on the design team (an "independent" Commissioning Authority). This requirement acts to
avoid conflicts of interests and bias. It is recommended that the same independent Commissioning
Authority deliver the two re-commissioning tasks, although it is not required. Hospitals and health care
systems with in-house expertise in design and commissioning may perform this work. However, this is
extremely specialized expertise and the owner may benefit from engaging a credentialed Commissioning
Authority.
GREEN GUIDE „.._
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1 point
Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 4
Refrigerant Selection
Intent
Reduce ozone depletion and global warming effects through the proper selection of refrigerants for use in
chillers.
| Health Issues
Use of halocarbons in refrigerants in HVAC equipment has direct impact on stratospheric
ozone layer depletion, which increases exposure to ultraviolet radiation, a risk factor for
skin cancer. These refrigerants also have an indirect effect in energy use and the
production of greenhouse gases and increased global warming.
Credit Goals
• Install base building level HVAC and refrigeration equipment with combined low ozone depletion and
global warming potential.
Documentation
• Document that HVAC&R systems use refrigerants that meet the credit goals for leakage, ozone
depletion and global warming potential as described in this credit.
Reference Standards
Select a refrigerant that complies with the following equation where the terms are ozone depletion
potential (OOP - expressed as equivalent pounds of refrigerant CFC11 per year); global warming
potential (GWP- pounds of carbon dioxide produced per year); annual refrigerant leakage rate (Lr- % of
charge lost per year); end of life loss (Mr - % of total charge); refrigerant charge (Re - pounds of
refrigerant per ton of cooling); and equipment life (Life- in years).
Rcx((LrxLife)+Mr)
We
100
GWP + (l 00,000 xODP)
Manufacturers' and suppliers' data must be supplied to document values of Lr, Mr, Life, and Re. Values
for OOP and GWP for typical refrigerants are provided in the table below.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
When renovating or adding on to existing buildings, inventory existing building HVAC systems to be
reused and replace those system components that contain refrigerants that do not meet the credit goals.
For new buildings, specify refrigeration systems that comply.
For instance, a 15-year life air conditioning unit that uses HCFC-22 must have extremely low leakage
rates (Lr = 1% and Mr = 2%) and a very low refrigerant charge (1.5 pounds per ton) to meet the credit
goal.
GREEN GUIDE
for Health Cart™ '
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 4 continued
Refrigerant Selection
Values for OOP and GWP for typical refrigerants
Refrigerant
CFC-11
CFC-12
CFC-11 4
CFC-500
CFC-502
HCFC-22
HCFC-123
HFC-23
HFC-125
HFC-134a
HFC-143a
HFC-227ea
HFC-236fa
HFC-245fa
HFC-404A
HFC-407C
HFC-410A
HFC-507A
OOP
1
0.82
0.94
0.605
0.221
0.04
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GWP
4,600
10,600
9,800
7,900
4,600
1,700
120
11,700
2,800
1,300
3,800
2,900
6,300
950
3,900
1,700
1,890
3,900
Lr
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
1 to 3%
Mr
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
2 to 10%
Life (yr)
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
20 to 35
Re (Ib/ton)
2.0 to 2.4
2.5 to 3.0
1.4 to 3. 3
1.4 to 3.3
1.4 to 3. 3
0.4 to 5.0
1.4 to 3. 3
1.4 to 3.3
1.4 to 3. 3
1.4 to 3.3
1.4 to 3. 3
1.4 to 3.3
1.4 to 3. 3
1.4 to 3. 3
1.4 to 3.3
1.4 to 3. 3
1.6 to 3.5
1.4 to 3. 3
Please note that the leakage rates, life and charge are suggested ranges. Please consult with
manufacturers and suppliers to provide actual certified values.
Resources
Green Building Rating System for New Construction and Major Renovations (LEED-NC) Version 2.1,
revised ed, 75 pp., Washington, DC: U.S. Green Building Council,
http://www.usabc.ora/Docs/LEEDdocs/LEED RS v2-1.pdf.2003.
"Class I ozone-depleting substances," http://www.epa.aov/ozone/ods.html. 2002.
"Class II ozone-depleting substances," http://www.epa.aov/ozone/ods2.html. 2002.
"Global warming potentials of ODS substitutes," http://www.epa.aov/ozone/aeninfo/awps.html. 2002.
GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 4 continued
Refrigerant Selection
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 291 pp., Washington, DC: EPA 430-R-04-003,
2004
http://vosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmissions.html.
United Nations Environmental Program, "UNEP Report of the Montreal Protocol Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and
Heat Pumps Technical Option Committee," 2002.
United Nations Environmental Program, "Report of the TEAP Chiller Task Force (on CFC chillers and
incentives/impediments to their replacement)," 2004.
J. Calm, "Comparative global warming impacts of electric vapor-compression and direct-fired absorption equipment,"
Electric Power Research Institute, Pleasant Hill, CA, EPRI 19TR-103297, 1993.
"Data maintained in the tracking system for compliance with the Montreal Protocol," Environmental Protection
Agency, Global Programs Division, Washington, DC 2003.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric Power in the United States, 21 pp., Washington, DC:
Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency, 2000,
http://www.eia.doe.aov/cneaf/electricitv/paae/co2 report/co2emiss.pdf.
P. Domanski, D. Didion, and J. Chi, "CYCLE D: NIST vapor compression cycle design program," National Institute of
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, NIST Standard Reference Database 49, version 2.0, 1999.
M. McLinden and S. Klein, "NIST thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants," National Institute of
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, NIST Standard Reference Database 23, 1998.
GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
1 point EA Credit 5
Measurement & Verification
Intent
Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization of building energy consumption performance over
time.
| Health Issues
Optimizing energy consumption reduces dependence on natural resources, contributing to
healthy ecosystems and reducing the particulate and greenhouse gas emissions
associated with fossil-fuel generated electricity.
Credit Goals
• Provide for long term continuous measurement of substantive energy uses within the facility (i.e.
electrical loads greater than 100 KVA).
• At a minimum, provide metering for the following electrical and mechanical systems (as applicable to
the scope of the project):
o Lighting system power and controls
o Motor loads (including air compressors, vacuum pumps and boiler systems)
o Chillers
o Data Centers
o Critical Equipment Electrical Distribution Systems
o Air distribution systems
Documentation
Q Prepare a Measurement & Verification Plan.
Q Include a summary schedule of the instrumentation and controls for the required monitoring
categories, highlighting the I/O data points to be collected.
Q Document the monitoring system, including cut sheets of sensors and the data collection system.
Reference Standards
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol Volume 1, 2001 Version
http://www.ipmvp.org/.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Model the energy systems to predict savings. Design the building with equipment to measure whole
building energy performance. Draft a Measurement and Verification Plan to apply during building
operation that compares predicted savings to those actually achieved in the field. Submeter electric
systems. Use measured system data to analyze the performance of electrically driven equipment and
systems (such as chiller performance at part loads, and operational profiles of variable flow fan and pump
systems).
GREEN GUIDE „.._
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4 points
Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
EA Credit 6
Energy Supply Efficiency
Intent
Reduce the total non-renewable source energy required for the facility through increased energy supply
efficiency.
| Health Issues
Optimizing non-renewable energy consumption reduces dependence on natural
resources, contributing to healthy ecosystems and reducing the particulate and
greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel generated electricity.
Credit Goals
• Calculate the total annual non-renewable source energy requirements for the facility as designed,
using the calculated site energy requirements and the source conversion values provided in the table
below. Calculate the percentage reduction in the total annual non-renewable source energy, achieved
through the use of combined heat and power systems, or other methods of cascading energy
recovery of primary fuel supplies (commonly known as "cogeneration").
Source conversion values
Fuel Type
Electricity
Natural gas
Fuel oil
Steam
Hot Water
Source
kBTU per Site kBtu
3.013
1.024
1
1.38
1
Local air emissions regulations must be met. This credit cannot be applied for fuel switching without the
use of energy generation equipment.
Point total
Credit 6.1 (1 point)
Credit 6.2 (2 points)
Credit 6.3 (3 points)
Credit 6.4 (4 points)
Percentage reduction in
annual non renewable source energy
Reduce source energy use by at least 10%
Reduce source energy use by at least 15%
Reduce source energy use by at least 17%
Reduce source energy use by at least 18%
Documentation
Q Obtain verification from the responsible engineering design professional of the reduction through
a chart showing the fuel calculations listed in the requirements as set forth in Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (FERC) 18 CFR 292 for certification of qualifying cogeneration facilities.
Reference Standards
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) 18 CFR 292 on Qualifying Cogeneration and Small Power
Production Facilities under Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act Of 1978 (PURPA) www.ferc.gov/docs-filina/hard-
filinq/form-556/part292.asp.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Increased supply efficiency, such as through cascading heat use/recovery, leads to higher overall supply
efficiency. An example is heat recovered from electricity generation to generate hot or cold thermal
distribution fluids.
GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
1 point EA Credit 7
Medical Equipment Efficiency
Intent
Reduce energy consumption by using efficient medical and other equipment.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency benefits health by reducing particulate and greenhouse gas emissions
associated with fossil-fuel based electrical generation, thereby improving outdoor air
quality and curbing global warming potential.
Credit Goals
• Use Energy Star® qualified equipment or equipment in the top 25th percentile for energy
consumption for that class of equipment for at least 75% (quantity, not cost) of the new medical
equipment that is not building systems related.
Documentation
Q Compile a listing of all medical equipment purchased and calculations demonstrating that the
threshold percentage of Energy Star-qualified products is achieved.
Q Where Energy Star-qualified equipment is not yet available for an application, demonstrate
reasonable effort to meet the 25th percentile criterion by identifying a minimum of three other
equivalent models that meet the functional needs of the facility with higher energy consumption
requirements. If there are less than three other functionally equivalent models available on the
market, use the most efficient available.
Reference Standards
EPA's Energy Star® Program at http://www.energystar.gov.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Purchase computers, related electronics, and office equipment that carry the Energy Star® label.
Examples of these include:
o Computers, Monitors Printers & Scanners
o Copiers
o DVD Products
o Exit Signs
o Refrigerators and Freezers
o TVs & VCRs
o Water Coolers
This is just a sampling of a steadily increasing list. Refer to EPA's Energy Star® Program at
www.energystar.gov for an up to date list of product categories and models:
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find a product.
Investigate availability of Energy Star® qualified products for medical equipment purchases, particularly
those items that are purchased or leased in quantity or represent particularly high electric consumption.
Do market survey for best 25 percent equipment where not yet available with Energy Star® labeling.
Examples of the most important high load medical equipment to focus upon include:
o Diagnostic imaging equipment (x-rays, MRIs, etc)
o Sterilization
o Physiological monitoring
o Laundry
o Dietary
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
GGHC Appendix 1
Design Assumptions & Procedures for Modeling for the GGHC Energy Credits
The following design assumptions that differ from the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G
shall be used:
o Lighting levels - area category lighting power density values shall be as described in Table L-1
below. Use area categories from Table L-1 in combination with any valid area category from
ASHRAE-90.1
o Indoor Design Conditions: in accordance with 1999 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Applications, Chapter
7 Health Care Facilities, Specific Design Criteria, or the requirements of the local jurisdiction,
whichever is more stringent.
o Ventilation, air changes and air pressure relationships: Use specific ventilation rates, air changes, and
pressure relationships, as required by authorities having jurisdiction. .If the authorities having
jurisdiction have no specific requirements, use the requirements from 2001 AIA Guidelines for Design
and Construction of Hospital and Health Care Facilities, or most recent version..
o Baseline Building HVAC Systems: The requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2004, Appendix G, Section
G4.2 shall be modified as follows: If the proposed building systems are Constant Air Volume or
Variable Air Volume with devices to maintain pressure relationships at all times, the HVAC systems in
the baseline building design shall be Constant Volume Systems with hot water (not electric) reheat. If
the proposed building systems are Variable Air Volume without pressure tracking devices, then the
HVAC systems in the baseline building design shall be Variable Air Volume with hot water (not
electric) reheat.
o Plug Loads: See Occupancy Assumptions below.
o Process Ventilation loads: Special ventilation requirements in a health care facility are not unusual.
While Tables OCC-1 quantifies the typical ventilation in a health care facility, spaces may occur that
require higher ventilation rates. The higher ventilation rates shall be simulated in both the Baseline
and Proposed building simulation runs, making this an energy neutral feature.
o Process Fan Loads: Any energy consumed by fans that are solely related to process uses (such as
EtO exhaust and kitchen hood exhaust), where the fan does not run 24 hours per day, may be
excluded from the analysis.
o Occupancy Assumptions: Table OCC-1 lists the default values that shall be used in both the
Baseline and Proposed building simulations. Should the user choose to use a different value for any
of these assumptions (except for the lighting baseline), based upon professional judgment, the same
value will be used in both the Baseline and Proposed building simulations.
o Lighting Controls and Daylighting: Table D-1 below shows factors that may be used to reduce
lighting power densities calculated by the area category method to account for the various lighting
control strategies listed. Factors shall be used to reduce the calculated LPD by multiplying the LPD
for the area affected by the relevant strategy by the sum of 1 minus the factor listed. This corrected
area LPD can then be used in the area/category calculations.
o Occupancy Schedules: In accordance with ASHRAE 90.1-2004 guidelines.
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Table D-1 Lighting Power Savings Adjustments
TYPE OF CONTROL
Occupant sensor
With separate sensor for
each space
Dimming system
Manual
Mulliscene programmable
Tuning
Automatic time switch
control device
Combined controls
Occupant sensor wilh
programmable multiscene
dimming system
Occupant sensor with a
separate sensor for each
space used in conjunction
with daylighting controls
and separate sensor for
each space
TYPE OF SPACE
Any space <250 square feet enclosed by
opaque floor-to-ceiling partitions, any size
classroom, corridor, conference or waiting room
Rooms of any size that are used exclusively for
storage
Greater than <250 square feet
Hotels/motels, restaurants, auditoriums,
theaters
Hotels/motels, restaurants, auditoriums,
theaters
Any space
<250 square feet and with a timed manual
override at each switch location required by
§131 (a), and controlling only the lights in the
area enclosed by cetling-heighl partitions.
Hotels/motels, restaurants, auditoriums,
theaters
Any space <250 square feet within a daylit area
and enclosed by opaque floor-lo-ceiling
partitions
FACTOR
0.20
0.60
0.10
0.10
0.20
0.10
0,05
0.35
0.10 (may be added to
daylighting control credit)
Automatic Daylighting Controls (Stepped^ Dimming)
Glazing Type
VLT> 60%
VLT> 35 and < 60%.
VLT< 35%
Glazing Type
VLT > 60%
VLT>35 and < 60%
VLT < 35%
20%
0.20 o.ao
0/0
wo
WINDOWS
Window Wall Ratio
20% to 40% 40%
0.30 /, 040 0.40/0.40
0.20/0.30 0.30/0.40
0/0 0.20/0.40
SKYLIGHTS
Percentage of Gross Exterior Roof Area
<1%
0/0.30
0/0.20
0/0.10
t%U>3% >3%
0.15/0.40 0.30/0.40
0/0.30 0.16/0.40
0/0.20 0/0.30
Notes for Table D-1:
1. From 2001 California Energy Efficiency Standards Non-residential Manual, August 2001, Table 5-10.
GBEEN GUIDE
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Table OCC-1 Area Occupancy Assumptions
Space Function
Anesthesia Storage
Angiographic-AII Other Types
Angiographic-Heart Only
Autopsy
Bathroom/ Public
Bedpan Room
Cast Room
Clean Linen Storage
Clean Utility / Workroom
Conference Rooms
Corridors
Cystoscopy
Darkroom
Decontamination
Delivery Room
Dietary Day Storage
Dining Room
Dishwashing
Endoscopy
Histology
Isolation
Janitors Closet / Utility
Kitchen, Food Preparation
Labor/ Delivery/Recovery
L / D / R / Post Partum
Laboratory
Linen Storage, Clean
Lobby
Lockers
Mammography
Mechanical Equipment Room
Medical Records
Nuclear Medicine, Hot Lab
Nursery, General
Nursery, Exam
Nursing Stations- General
Operating Room
Pathology
Patient Room
Pharmacy / Medicine Room
Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy
Recovery
Scrub Up Area, Surgical Corridor
Soiled Linen, Sorting
Special Procedure Room, Diagnostic
Special Procedure Room, Invasive
Stairways
Sterilizer Room
Sub-Sterile
Occupant
Density01
(people /
1000ft2
5
5
5
5
3.3
5
5
1
5
20
10
5
5
5
5
2
10
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
2
10
10
5
0.5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
Sensible
(Btu/h /
person)
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
245
250
250
250
250
250
250
275
275
250
150
250
250
275
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
245
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
Latent
(Btu/h /
person)
213
213
213
213
250
213
213
250
213
155
250
213
213
213
213
250
275
475
213
213
213
250
475
213
213
213
250
250
250
213
250
250
213
213
213
213
213
213
155
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
Receptacle
Power01
(W/ft2)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.10
1.00
0.10
2.00
0.10
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.10
0.25
1.00
0.10
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
1.00
1.00
Service
Water
Heating01
(Btu/h-
person)
0
600
600
600
0
600
600
0
215
150
0
600
600
600
1000
0
300
215
600
600
300
0
400
1000
1000
600
0
100
0
600
0
0
600
300
300
150
1000
600
300
150
150
300
1000
600
600
600
0
600
600
Lighting
Power
Density121
(W/ft2)
3.0
3.0
3.0
1.2
0.6
0.5
3.0
0.5
1.2
1.2
0.6
3.0
0.3
1.2
4.5
0.5
1.1
1.7
3.0
4.5
0.5
0.5
1.7
4.5
0.7
3.0
0.5
1.1
0.7
3.0
0.7
3.0
1.2
3.0
0.7
1.2
4.5
3.0
0.5
3.0
1.2
3.0
4.5
1.2
3.0
3.0
0.6
1.2
0.7
Minimum
O.A.(3)
(CFM/ft2)
1.20
0.30
0.75
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.50
0.30
0.75
0.30
0.30
0.75
0.30
1.50
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.50
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.30
0.45
0.45
0.15
0.75
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.50
0.30
0.75
0.15
1.50
0.30
Operatin
g
Schedule
0)
(Table
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
B
H
H
H
H
H
B
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Space Function
Surgical Supply
Trash Chute Room
Trauma
Treatment / Examination
Unsterile Supply
Waiting Areas/Lounges
X-ray, Diagnostic and Treatment
Occupant
Density01
(people /
1000ft2
5
0.5
5
5
2
10
5
Sensible
(Btu/h /
person)
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
Latent
(Btu/h /
person)
213
250
213
213
250
250
213
Receptacle
Power01
(W/ft2)
1.00
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
1.00
Service
Water
Heating01
(Btu/h-
person)
0
0
600
300
0
0
600
Lighting
Power
Density'21
(W/ft2)
1.2
0.5
3.0
1.2
0.5
1.1
3.0
Minimum
O.A.(3)
(CFM/ft2)
0.30
1.50
0.75
0.30
0.30
0.15
0.30
Operatin
g
Schedule
0)
(Table
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
Notes for Table OCC-1
(1) From ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001 ECB Supplement Tables 7.1A & 7.1B
(2) See Table L-1
(3) From 1998 California Mechanical Code when listed, otherwise from California ACM Manual Table 2-2.
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Table L-1 Area Category Method
Baseline Lighting Power Density Values(watts/sf) by Primary Function
For Hospital / Healthcare
Anesthesia Storage
Angiographic-AII Other Types
Angiographic-Heart Only
Autopsy
Bathroom
Bedpan Room
Cast Room
Clean Linen Storage
Clean Utility / Workroom
Conference Rooms
Corridors
Cystoscopy
Darkroom
Decontamination
Delivery Room
Dietary Day Storage
Dining Room
Dishwashing
Endoscopy
Histology
Isolation
Janitors Closet / Utility
Kitchen, Food Preparation
Labor/Delivery/Recovery
L / D / R / Post Partum
Laboratory
Linen Storage, Clean
Lobby
3.0
3.0
3.0
1.2
0.6
0.5
3.0
0.5
1.2
1.2
0.6
3.0
0.3
1.2
4.5
0.5
1.1
1.7
3.0
4.5
0.5
0.5
1.7
4.5
0.7
3.0
0.5
1.1
Lockers
Mammography
Mechanical Equipment Room
Medical Records
Nuclear Medicine, Hot Lab
Nursery, Exam
Nursery, General
Nursing Stations
Operating Room
Pathology
Patient Room
Pharmacy / Medicine Room
Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy
Recovery
Scrub Up Area, Surgical Corridor
Soiled Linen, Sorting
Special Procedure Room, Diagnostic
Special Procedure Room, Invasive
Stairways
Sterilizer Room
Sub-Sterile
Surgical Supply
Trash Chute Room
Trauma
Treatment / Examination
Unsterile Supply
Waiting Areas/Lounges
X-ray. Diagnostic and Treatment
0.7
3.0
0.7
3.0
1.2
3.0
0.7
0.7
4.5
3.0
0.5
3.0
1.2
3.0
4.5
1.2
3.0
3.0
0.6
1.2
0.7
1.2
0.5
3.0
1.2
0.5
1.1
3.0
From Pacific Gas & Electric's 2003 Savings By Design Healthcare Modeling Procedures
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Construction
Energy & Atmosphere
Process Loads Procedures:
o Remove the process load energy consumption calculated in the model used to demonstrate that
the proposed building performance meets the ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Energy Cost Budget.
o Add in the process loads. Create an estimate of whole building process load usage or use the
area category method, selecting load densities from Table P-1 below. Multiply the load density
for an area by the operating hours per year for that area, and sum up all the areas to obtain the
annual process energy consumption to be added to the modeling results for the HVAC, lighting,
and service water heating energy consumption.
o Process Fan Loads: Add in an estimate of process fan loads.
Table P-1 Process Load Densities
Space
Function
Imaging Department or area
Emergency Department
Full-Service Kitchen
Surgical Suite
Radiation Therapy (linear
accelerator and simulator room)
ICU/CCU
Nursing Units
Central Sterile
Cath Labs
Laundry
Labs
Process Equipment
Average Watts/sf
8
3
2
3
15
1
1/2
5
5
1/2
3
Process Steam
Average W/sf
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
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Energy & Atmosphere
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GREEN GUIDE
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Construction
Materials & Resources
Materials & Resources
Required MR Prerequisite 1
Storage and Collection of Recyclables
Intent
Reduce solid waste disposal in landfills and incinerators generated by health care facilities through
reduction, reuse, recycling and composting.
| Health Issues
A 1998 Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. EPA and the American Hospital
Association targeted a 33% reduction in solid waste to landfill or incineration by 2005;
50% by 2010. As hospitals develop environmentally preferable purchasing standards and
implement recycling programs to achieve this goal, the spatial and programming
implications associated with these goals must be considered. More than 50% of a
hospital's waste stream is composed of the materials addressed in this credit. Diverting a
building's operational waste stream constituents from landfilling and incineration reduces
the need to extract virgin natural resources, saves energy, reduces emissions associated
with new production and transportation, and reduces potential groundwater contamination
from landfills and toxic air emissions from incineration.
Credit Goals
• Establish a collection system and controlled areas serving the entire building dedicated to the
separation, storage, and collection of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) newsprint,
paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, metals, fluorescent lamps (tube, compact fluorescent
and HID) and batteries.
Documentation
Q Compile a Waste Management Plan, highlighting the types and volumes of waste generated and
identifying those that can be handled by the recycling program.
Q Compile a Functional Program showing the area(s) dedicated to recyclable material collection
and storage. Demonstrate that the area(s) dedicated to recycling are controlled and that both the
controlled areas and collection system are appropriately sized to accommodate the building
users' recycling needs.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this prerequisite.
The American Hospital Association (AHA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) identifying goals to reduce the impact of health care
facilities on the environment. A primary goal is the reduction of the health care solid waste stream.
http://www.h2e-online.org/about/mou.htm.
Other credits relevant to the AHA/EPA MOU include MR Prerequisite 2 (Mercury Elimination), MR Credits
2.1 & 2.2 (Construction Waste Management) and MR Credit 8.2 PBT Elimination: Mercury Use in
Equipment).
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Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Prerequisite 1 continued
Storage and Collection of Recyclables
Potential Technologies & Strategies
The Waste Management Plan should stipulate the categories and volumes of waste for recycling. The
functional program should include the space requirements associated with the waste management plan,
and include centralized recycling collection and storage spaces. Determine size of spaces based upon
volume of projected waste and length of anticipated storage. At loading docks or other waste removal
areas, include space for compactors and balers for recycling cardboard waste. Staging areas for sharps
containers and recycling containers must be included to facilitate efficient operation of the recycling
program. Secure storage should be provided for fluorescent lamps and batteries to minimize risk of
mercury contamination.
Resources
Healthy Hospitals: Environmental Improvements through Environmental Accounting, Tellus Institute, Boston, MA
under US EPA Cooperative Agreement X 821580-01-0, 2000.
Memorandum of Understanding between the American Hospital Association and the U.S. EPA, kEPA-742-F-99-018,
http://www.h2e-online.ora/about/mou.htm.
National Recycling Coalition www.nrc-recvcle.ora.
For space programming data, see the following resources:
California Integrated Waste Management Board www.ciwmb.ca.gov.
US EPA, Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste - Volume To Weight Conversion Table appendices
http://vosemite.epa.aov/R10/OWCM.NSF/recvcle/vol waht.
Architectural Graphic Standards, 10th Edition, pp.942-43.
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Construction
Materials & Resources
Required MR Prerequisite 2
Mercury Elimination
Intent
Eliminate stand alone mercury-containing building products and reduce mercury discharge through
product substitution and capture.
| Health Issues
In 1998, a Memorandum of Understanding between the American Hospital Association
and the US EPA set new goals for hospital pollution prevention. One of the top priorities
was the virtual elimination of mercury and mercury-containing devices from the hospital
waste stream by the year 2005. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin. The most sensitive
health effect of mercury is an adverse impact on the neurological development of fetuses,
infants and children. Low-level prenatal exposure can result in language, memory and
attention deficits in children who were exposed in-utero. Hospitals have substantially
reduced the purchase of mercury containing chemicals and medical devices and found
substitutes for many Pharmaceuticals. To achieve virtual elimination of mercury from the
waste stream, however, requires the phasing out and recycling of mercury containing
building products, such as thermostats, switches, batteries, and lamps, for mercury
recovery.
Credit Goals
• Eliminate specification and use of thermostats, switches and other stand-alone mercury containing
measurement devices in building control systems.
• Specify and install low mercury fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent lamps, and low mercury
high intensity discharge bulbs such that average mercury content in fluorescent tubes and compact
fluorescent lamps does not exceed 5 mg of mercury, and that high-intensity discharge lamps have the
lowest available mercury content, providing that all other performance specifications are met.
• Demolition plans shall include a plan for capture of historical mercury sources, including but not
limited to piping infrastructure. Collection of any mercury devices shall be designated for recycling
and preclude overseas donation/disposal.
• In facilities delivering dental care, install amalgam separation devices.
Documentation
Q Document that the facility is free of mercury containing devices (excepting lamps and any devices
mandated by Federal law), and that any dental facilities have installed amalgam separators that
meet or exceed the standard ISO-11143.
Q Compile a copy of the Waste Management Plan highlighting the types of mercury containing
devices in use that are handled by the recycling program and disposal methods for captured
mercury. Include dental wastes, including scrap amalgam, chair side traps, and separator
wastes.
Q Compile a demolition plan which requires collection of all mercury containing switches, devices
and fluorescent lamps to ensure their safe storage and recycling, and include a construction
protocol for the management of historical mercury sources and/or spills.
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Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Prerequisite 2 continued
Mercury Elimination
a Maintain purchasing records and technical data on lamps associated with initial occupancy
verifying that the average mercury concentration for all fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent
lamps does not exceed 5 mg.
Q Verify that high-intensity discharge lamps are purchased with the lowest mercury content,
providing that all other performance specifications are met.
Reference Standards
The American Hospital Association (AHA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
signed a Memorandum of Understanding identifying goals to reduce the impact of health care facilities on
the environment. A primary goal included the virtual elimination of mercury waste from the health care
waste stream by the year 2005. http://www.h2e-online.org/about/mou.htm
Other credits relevant to the AHA/EPA MOD include MR Prerequisite 1 (Storage and Collection of
Recyclables), MR Credits 2.1 & 2.2 (Construction Waste Management) and MR Credit 8.2 PBT
Elimination: Mercury Use in Equipment).
A variety of state laws prohibiting some or all uses of mercury-containing building products have been
enacted. These include but are not limited to:
• Maine State law (LD 1159) prohibits the sale of mercury in switches, measuring devices
(including sphygmomanometers), instruments and thermostats.
• Washington State law (House Bill 1002) requires the labeling of fluorescent lamps that contain
mercury. Prohibits the sale of mercury-containing items in products such as thermometers and
thermostats.
• Connecticut State law (House Bill 5539) bans the sale and distribution of mercury fever
thermometers and places restrictions on the sale of other mercury-containing equipment.
• California State law (SB 633) restricts the use and distribution of mercury fever thermometers and
other uses.
• Oregon State law (HB 3007) phases out mercury thermostats and prohibits the sale of fever
thermometers and other uses.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Advances in lighting technology have greatly reduced the per lamp mercury concentrations. Low
mercury, high intensity discharge lamps are increasingly available. Consider long life, low mercury lamps
to reduce costs associated with relamping, recycling and purchase. Very low mercury fluorescent
induction lighting, with instant on-off control, offering reduced energy usage and long life.
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1 point
Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Credit 1.1
Building Reuse: Maintain 40% of Existing Walls, Floors and Roof
Intent
Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce
waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to manufacturing and transport
of the materials.
| Health Issues
Current health care facility construction represents more than 100 million square feet
annually, valued at approximately $18 billion of completed construction, with renovations
and expansions representing a significant percentage. The extraction of raw materials
used in the construction of new buildings represents significant natural resource extraction
with the potential for ecological disruption, while fossil fuel and chemical emissions
associated with materials' processing and product manufacturing and transportation can
result in exposures harmful to human health.
In addition, building reuse reduces the amount of solid waste leaving the project site.
Construction and demolition debris accounts for more than 30% of municipal solid waste.
Credit Goals
• Use existing structure (including structural floor and roof decking) and envelope (exterior skin and
framing, excluding window assemblies and non-structural roofing material) to comprise at least 40%
of completed building (including additions).
Documentation
Q Calculate the total area of existing exterior envelope (not including windows) and existing building
structure to ensure that the credit goals have been met.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Consider reuse of existing buildings, including structure, envelope and interior non-structural elements.
Remove elements that pose contamination risk to building occupants and upgrade inefficient components
such as windows, mechanical systems and plumbing fixtures.
Use only areas (sf) to calculate the quantity of preserved materials. The area to be used in the
denominator is the sum of all (1) floor and roof area, including the ground floor to account for slabs-on-
grade and footings, and (2) the exterior wall area, excluding window assemblies. The area to be used in
the numerator is the sum of reused floor, roof, and wall area, excluding window assemblies.
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1 point in addition to MR 1.1
Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Credit 1.2
Building Reuse: Maintain 80% of Existing Walls, Floors and Roof
Intent
Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce
waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to manufacturing and transport
of the materials.
| Health Issues
Current health care facility construction represents more than 100 million square feet
annually, valued at approximately $18 billion of completed construction, with renovations
and expansions representing a significant percentage. The extraction of raw materials
used in the construction of new buildings represents significant natural resource extraction
with the potential for ecological disruption, while fossil fuel and chemical emissions
associated with materials' processing and product manufacturing and transportation can
result in exposures harmful to human health.
In addition, building reuse reduces the amount of solid waste leaving the project site.
Construction and demolition debris accounts for more than 30% of municipal solid waste.
Credit Goals
• Use existing structure and envelope (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and
non-structural roofing material) in an additional 40% (80% total) of existing building structure and shell
(exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and non-structural roofing material).
Documentation
Q Calculate the total area of envelope skin (not including windows) and existing building structure to
ensure that the credit goals have been met.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Consider reuse of existing buildings, including structure, envelope and interior non-structural elements.
Remove elements that pose contamination risk to building occupants and upgrade inefficient components
such as windows, mechanical systems and plumbing fixtures.
Use only areas (sf) to calculate the quantity of preserved materials. The area to be used in the
denominator is the sum of all (1) floor and roof area, including the ground floor to account for slabs-on-
grade and footings, and (2) the exterior wall area, excluding window assemblies. The area to be used in
the numerator is the sum of reused floor, roof, and wall area, excluding window assemblies.
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1 point
Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Credit 1.3
Building Reuse: Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements
Intent
Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce
waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to manufacturing and transport
of the materials.
| Health Issues
Current health care facility construction represents more than 100 million square feet
annually, valued at approximately $18 billion of completed construction, with renovations
and expansions representing a significant percentage. The extraction of raw materials
used in the construction of new buildings represents significant natural resource extraction
with the potential for ecological disruption, while fossil fuel and chemical emissions
associated with materials' processing and product manufacturing and transportation can
result in exposures harmful to human health.
In addition, building reuse reduces the amount of solid waste leaving the project site.
Construction and demolition debris accounts for more than 30% of municipal solid waste.
Credit Goals
• Reuse existing non-shell elements (interior walls, doors, floor coverings, and ceiling systems) in at
least 50% of completed building (including additions).
Documentation
Q Calculate the total area of exterior skin (not including windows) and existing building structure and
related interior non-shell items to ensure that the credit goals have been met.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Consider reuse of existing buildings, including structure, shell and non-shell elements. Remove elements
that pose contamination risk to building occupants and upgrade inefficient components such as windows,
mechanical systems and plumbing fixtures.
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Construction
Materials & Resources
2 points MR Credit 2.1 & 2.2
Construction Waste Management: Divert 50% from Landfill & Incineration
Intent
Divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators. Redirect recyclable
recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites.
| Health Issues
The US EPA estimates that more than 30% of municipal solid waste is generated by
construction and demolition activities. Typical construction projects generate
approximately 2.2 pounds of waste per square foot, which equates to over 110 thousand
tons of construction waste annually based on current rates of over 100 million square feet
of annual average health care construction. A 1998 study by the New York State
Department of Health found that women living near solid waste landfills have a four-fold
increased chance of bladder cancer or leukemia, based on data from 38 landfills, while a
1989 study by the U.S. EPA found elevated cancers of the bladder, lung, stomach and
rectum in counties with the highest concentration of waste sites. Municipal solid waste
incinerators emit hydrocarbons, heavy metals, dioxins and furans, acid gases, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates, exposure to each of which pose risks to human
health. Diversion of construction and demolition (C&D) debris through salvaging and
recycling extends the life of existing landfills and reduces demand for virgin resources
thereby curbing unhealthful air and water emissions resulting from manufacturing with
virgin feedstocks and from landfill and incineration operations.
Credit Goals
• Develop and implement a waste management plan in accordance with Triangle J Council of
Government's Waste Spec: Waste Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse and
Recycling, quantifying material diversion goals.
• Define process for surveying and assessing hazardous materials in the existing building, including
PCBs, mercury, lead and asbestos. Mercury is a material that may require special remediation
attention in the renovation or demolition of an existing health care facility as significant quantities of
mercury can accumulate in places such as traps, light fixtures and ceiling and inter-floor spaces from
medical equipment breakage over the years, providing an unanticipated significant hazard to
construction and demolition crews.
• Quantify materials goals relative to the following diversion methods:
• Salvaged materials: List materials to be salvaged for reuse in the project in the construction
documents. Identify haulers and recipients for salvaged materials and products that will not be
reused in the project. List materials that may be economically feasible for salvage.
• Recycling: Identify haulers and sources for materials recycling. Provide containers for those
products that will be sorted either on- or off-site for recycling. Identify reclaimers who recover
construction and demolition scrap of their products for recycling. List materials that are eligible for
reclamation, including carpets and ceiling tiles.
• Packaging: Identify manufacturers who reclaim their packaging for reuse or recycling. Identify
options for reduced packaging.
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Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Credit 2.1 & 2.2 continued
Construction Waste Management: Divert 50% from Landfill & Incineration
• Hazardous materials: Develop procedures for separating hazardous waste by-products of
construction (including paints, solvents, oils and lubricants) and for disposing of those wastes
according to appropriate federal, state, or local regulations.
• Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater runoff and/or wind erosion, including
protecting topsoil by stockpiling for reuse.
• Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams.
• Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter.
• Lead Radiation Protection construction components. Pay particular attention to lead in C&D debris,
often used as components of Radiation Protection Systems. Separate sheet lead radiation protection
and lead lined gypsum board products, lead-lined doors and frames for reuse, salvage or
reprocessing. Salvage for reuse or reprocessing all lead-lined glazing products.
• Credit 2.1 (1 credit) Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% of construction and demolition debris, not
including hazardous waste. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent
throughout.
• Credit 2.2 (1 credit) Recycle and/or salvage an additional 25% (75% total) of construction and
demolition debris. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout.
Documentation
Q Compile a Waste Management Plan tabulating the total waste materials, quantities diverted and
the means by which diverted. Compare this to calculations of total C&D waste generated by the
project.
Reference Standards
Waste Spec: Waste Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse and Recycling, Triangle J
Council of Governments, July, 1995, www.ticog.dst.nc.us/cdwaste.htm.
California Integrated Waste Management Board. A Technical Manual of Material Choices in Sustainable
Construction, Chapter 9 and Appendix C, July, 2000, http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish goals for landfill diversion and adopt a construction waste management plan to achieve these
goals. Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum
wallboard, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area on the construction site appropriate for either
on-site or off-site sorting of materials. Record efforts throughout the construction process. Identify
construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials. Depending on project soil
conditions, consider using unpainted gypsum board waste as a soil amendment. While not contributing to
this credit's diversion percentage, on- or off-site beneficial reuse of land clearing debris is also
encouraged. Note that salvage may include donation of materials to charitable organizations such as
Habitat for Humanity.
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Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Credit 2.1 & 2.2 continued
Construction Waste Management: Divert 50% from Landfill & Incineration
Resources
Recycling and Waste Management During Construction, City of Seattle,
www.metrokc.aov/procure/areen/wastemat.htm.
Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Information, California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB),
www.ciwmb.ca.aov/ConDemo/Materials/.
Construction Waste Management Database, US Government Services Administration (GSA),
http://www.wbda.org/ccbref/cwm.php. Free online service for those seeking companies that recycle construction
debris in their area.
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Construction
Materials & Resources
1 point MR Credit 2.3
Construction Practices: Site & Materials Management
Intent
Implement site and materials management practices during construction to minimize adverse impacts on
adjacent occupants.
| Health Issues
Health care construction rarely occurs on undeveloped sites remote from ongoing existing
operations. In many instances, construction operations are proximate to existing
operational health care facilities, where construction practices have health impacts on
adjacent building occupants and building system performance. Careful attention to
minimize construction-related health and environmental adverse impacts enhances the
high performance building objectives and the health of adjacent occupants.
Credit Goals
• Develop and implement a Construction Practices Environmental Management System (EMS) for the
construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building. The below listed "best practices" are
strategies the contractor could employ as part of the EMS depending on the size, scope and
circumstances of the project.
• Site Utilization:
• Compile a site access plan to minimize site disruption associated with the project's construction
phase. Plan temporary construction facilities, designated staging areas, access roads and
construction parking within new building and paving footprints to minimize site disturbance.
• Establish measures to protect priority sensitive areas of the site, including prohibiting staging,
stockpiling and soil compaction. Prevent disturbance to natural resources, protected wetlands
and endangered species.
• Temporary Facilities:
• Utilize salvaged or refurbished materials for construction of temporary facilities, but avoid reuse of
pressure treated lumber or lumber with lead paint. Note that while most production of CCA
(copper chromium arsenate) pressure treated wood was phased out in the US after Dec. 31,
2003, except for specialty markets such as highways and marine applications, there are no
restrictions on continued sale of stockpiled or recycled CCA products after this date. Avoid use of
lumber treated with arsenic and chromium.
• Make all temporary facilities weathertight.
• Delivery, Storage and Handling:
• Coordinate delivery with scheduled installation date to minimize packaging, handling and storage
time at site. Use resource reduction and recycling procedures outlined in ASTM D5834.
• Store materials in clean, dry location. Protect from soiling, abuse, moisture and microbial growth.
• Handle and store fuels to prevent spills and discharges into waterways.
• Store fuels, solvents and other sources of VOCs separately from absorbent materials.
• Implement practices for proper disposal of waste materials; i.e. concrete truck wash out, tool
cleaning, painter clean-up, waste oils from pipe cutting, to prevent discharges into sanitary and
stormwater facilities.
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Materials & Resources
MR Credit 2.3 continued
Construction Practices: Site & Materials Management
Construction Site Housekeeping and Particulates Control - Exterior. Establish a constructor's policy
and document implementation of the following:
• Control particulate discharge resulting from sandblasting operations.
• Use water sprinkling to control dust generation.
• Environmental Manager: Designate an on-site party responsible for overseeing the environmental
goals for the project and implementing procedures for environmental protection.
• Environmental Training Program: Provide environmental training for personnel performing work on
the project site. Include as a minimum:
• Overview of environmental issues related to the building industry.
• Overview of environmental issues related to the Project.
• Review site specific procedures and management plans, including GGHC SS Prerequisite 1, MR
Credits 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, EQ Credits 3.1, 3.2, and 4.6.
Documentation
Q Document that a Construction Practices Environmental Management System (EMS) was
implemented for the project. Include evidence of compliance with the plan during the construction
period.
Reference Standards
Reference Standard: ANSI A10.34-2001, Protection of the Public on or Adjacent to Construction Sites.
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Construction Practices: Site & Materials Management
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Demands are increasing from both private and public owners that contractors provide high-performance,
environmentally friendly construction. An Environmental Management System (EMS) serves as a
management tool to continually improve all operations that impact the environment including regulatory
compliance. It identifies goals and enlists the entire workforce in a coordinated effort to achieve them. A
well-implemented plan reaps both short term and long term benefits, which soon pays for itself by:
• Helping a company meet its environmental obligations and avoiding fines for noncompliance.
• Saving costs through process improvements: reducing material inputs, waste disposal costs,
reporting costs, and risk of liability.
• Maintaining a company's competitiveness in its markets, and helping to solicit new business from
owners specifying high performance, green construction.
• Retaining valuable employees by improving employee morale.
• Boosting public image and relations with regulatory agencies.
• Bringing public recognition by the federal government and some states. An EMS is one of the
main criteria for participation in US EPA's National Performance Track Program.
Resources
Environmental Management Systems Guidelines, New South Wales Construction Policy Steering Committee,
November 1998. This initiative is aimed at providing a systematic approach to the management of the environmental
impacts of the construction industry within the context of the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development.
US EPA's National Performance Track Program, www.epa.gov/performancetrack.
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1 point MR Credit 2.4
Construction Practices: Utility & Emissions Control
Intent
Reduce air and noise pollution from fossil fueled vehicle and construction equipment use during the
construction process. Implement conservation and efficiency practices for temporary utilities.
| Health Issues
Health care construction rarely occurs on undeveloped sites remote from ongoing existing
operations. In many instances, construction operations are proximate to existing
operational health care facilities, where construction practices may have health impacts on
adjacent building occupants and building system performance. Managing of construction
practices enhances high performance building objectives and minimizes adverse impacts
on adjacent occupants.
Construction vehicle emissions and particulate air pollution associated with operation of
construction equipment impacts air quality in and around adjacent buildings. Construction
vehicles are often operating in areas remote from routine ongoing vehicular operation,
which may put them near outdoor air intakes and operable windows. Noise from
construction equipment, even within daytime working hours, can be particularly disruptive
to therapeutic recovery and healing processes. Currently, the only diesel fuel regulated by
EPA is that which is intended for use in highway engines. Specifically, diesel fuel sold for
use in most non-road applications such as construction equipment has sulfur on the order
of 3,300 parts per million (ppm). In comparison, current standards for fuel used in highway
diesel engines limit sulfur concentrations to a maximum of 500 ppm, and the new 2007
rule will drop the cap even lower to 15 ppm in 2006. The sulfur content of diesel fuel is
directly related to health risks associated with fuel combustion.
Credit Goals
• Develop and implement a plan to reduce utility, vehicle and other energy-related pollution during the
construction phase. Include as a minimum the following:
• Temporary Utilities: Efficiencies and conservation.
• Temporary lighting & power: Use energy efficient fluorescent and other efficient lighting and
controls in lieu of incandescent lighting; control light pollution. Shut off temporary lighting after
work hours or 30 minutes after sunset (whichever occurs last) except for stairways and other
emergency access and security needs, either by manual or automatic setback means.
• Temporary water: Meter water usage. Use hoses with trigger nozzles. Control runoff preventing
pollutants from entering storm sewer system; prevent ponding and creation of mosquito habitat.
• Temporary heating & cooling: Use high efficiency equipment. Maintain weathertight enclosures
to reduce heat loss.
• Engine use: Efficiencies and conservation.
• Use alternative fueled vehicles for on-road construction vehicles to provide 50% of the project's
vehicular transportation needs (as measured by total mileage logged).
• Reduce air emissions from construction equipment and other non-road diesel engines by utilizing
low-sulfur diesel fuel or biodiesel, or converting to natural gas powered engines.
• Reduce noise emissions from construction equipment and other non-road engines, by utilizing
equipment that meets the Blue Angel Criteria for Low-noise Construction Machinery RAL-UZ 53
as equipment is available that meets or exceeds performance requirements.
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Construction Practices: Utility & Emissions Control
• Use electric powered cranes, compressors and other equipment as appropriate in lieu of
combustion engine powered equipment.
• Demonstrate efforts to establish carpooling or alternative transportation program for full time on-
site construction personnel.
Documentation
Q Document the site carpooling program components, with annual summaries, indicating that the
carpooling program has been developed and implemented throughout the entire construction
period.
Q Document cranes and compressor equipment types for the construction period.
Q Document proof of ownership of, or 2 year lease agreement for, alternative fuel vehicles and
calculations indicating that alternative fuel vehicles comprise 50% of contractor operated vehicle
fleet, in terms of miles driven per year. Document fleet total annual mileage as well as total
annual mileage driven by alternative fuel fleet vehicles.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Use alternative fueled on-road construction vehicles, low-sulfur diesel fuel or biodiesel, electric powered
cranes, compressors and other equipment and develop carpooling or alternative transportation programs.
Resources
Basic Criteria for the Award of the Environmental Label: Low-noise Construction Machinery RAL-UZ 53, Blue Angel,
Sankt Augustin, Germany.
http://www.blauer-enael.de/enalisch/produkte zeichenanwender/veraabearundlaaen/ral.php?id=81
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2 points MR Credit 3
Resource Reuse
Intent
Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce
waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.
| Health Issues
Resource reuse eliminates primary extraction of virgin resources and manufacturing, thus
preventing associated ecosystem disruption, energy expenditure and toxic emissions,
while diverting materials from disposal.
Credit Goals
• Credit 3.1 (1 point) Specify salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, products and furnishings for a
minimum of 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project.
• Credit 3.2 (1 point) Specify salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, products and furnishings for at
least another 5% (total 10% or greater) of the total value of all building materials and products used in
the project.
Documentation
Q Compile calculations listing each material or product used to meet this credit. Include tabulation
demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of reused materials and
products and showing their costs and the total cost of materials for the project.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into building design and research potential
material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and
frames, metal casework, brick and decorative items.
Salvaged materials that are sourced within 300 miles (1000 miles if shipped by rail or water) of the project
site may also qualify for the regional materials credits (MR Credit 5.1 and 5.2). However, while reuse of
existing buildings may incorporate salvaged materials, salvaged materials cannot be applied to MR Credit
1 (Building Reuse) or MR Credit 4 (Recycled Content).
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2 points MR Credit 4
Recycled Content
Intent
Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing
impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials.
| Health Issues
Recycled content materials have the potential to conserve non-renewable resources,
lower embodied energy, reduce ecological disruption and air, land and water emissions
associated with extracting, transporting, and processing raw materials and manufacturing,
and lower global warming potential. As a singular defining element of enhanced
environmental performance, recycled content alone may not achieve optimal ecological
health benefits as there may be toxic emissions and high energy use associated with
reprocessing and manufacturing using recycled-content feedstocks.
Credit Goals
• Credit 4.1 (1 point) Specify materials with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer
recycled content plus 1/2 the post-industrial recycled content constitutes at least 10% of the total
monetary value of the materials in the project.
• Credit 4.2 (1 point) Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer recycled
content plus 1/2 the post-industrial recycled content constitutes at least an additional 10% (total 20%
or greater) of the total monetary value of the materials in the project.
• Determine the value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing by dividing the weight
of recycled content in the item by the total weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the
resulting percentage by the total value of the item.
• Acceptable recycled-content cements used as substitutes for Portland cement include:
• Fly ash generated as a coal combustion by-product, only with documentation that the coal plant
was not co-fired with hazardous waste, medical waste, or tire-derived fuel and with verified
mercury content <2ppb (current drinking water standard for mercury).
• Ground granulated blast furnace slag as a by-product of pig iron production only with
documentation that the plant was not co-fired with hazardous waste, medical waste, or tire-
derived fuel.
• Rice husk ash.
Fly ash generated from municipal solid waste incinerators is not an acceptable recycled-content material
under this credit.
Mechanical and electrical components are not included in this calculation. Recycled content materials are
defined in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission document, Guides for the Use of
Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e).
Documentation
Q Compile documentation listing the recycled content products used. Include calculations
demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of recycled content materials
and products and showing their cost and percentage(s) of post-consumer and/or post-industrial
content, and the total cost of all materials for the project.
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Recycled Content
Reference Standards
Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e), Federal Trade Commission
www.ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/guides980427.htm.
ASTM E2129-01 Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainability Assessment of Building
Products.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can contribute
to this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are procured and
installed and quantify the total percentage of recycled content materials installed. Third party certification
can be useful to assure validity of recycling claims. While mechanical and electrical components are not
included in this calculation, specification of products with recycled content is encouraged where available
for electrical equipment, such as light fixtures housing, electrical raceways and mechanical products such
as air ducts, diffusers and return grilles.
Seek to incorporate products into the building design that not only have recycled content but are also
recyclable, reusable or compostable at their end of life in the building.
Given the importance of health issues to these facilities, it is recommended that candidate materials be
screened for compliance with the various indoor air quality goals established in EQ Credit 4 as
appropriate.
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OR
1 point MR Credit 5
Regional Materials Extracted and Manufactured Regionally
Intent
Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the
region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts
resulting from transportation.
| Health Issues
The use of regional building materials may avoid local and remote human health impacts
that result from transportation activities and the resulting pollution associated with delivery
of materials and products to the project site.
Credit Goals
• Credit 5.1 (1 point):
• Specify building materials that are extracted, harvested or recovered, then processed and
manufactured within a radius of 300 miles for a minimum of 10% of the total value of all building
materials and products used in the project.
OR
• Specify building materials that are extracted, harvested or recovered, then processed and
manufactured and shipped primarily by rail or water within a radius of 1,000 miles for a minimum
of 10% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project.
• Specify a minimum of 10% of building materials that reflects a combination of the above
extraction, harvesting, recovering, processing, manufacturing and shipping criteria (e.g., 5%
within 300 miles and 5% shipped by rail within 1,000 miles).
• Credit 5.2 (1 point): Specify an additional 10% (total 20%) of building materials that meet the above
criteria.
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of
regional materials and products and showing their cost, percentage of regional components,
transportation service, distance from project to furthest site of extraction or manufacture, and the
total cost of all materials for the project.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for regionally manufactured materials and identify materials and material
suppliers that can contribute to achievement of this goal. Create and maintain a database of regional
manufacturers. During construction, ensure that the specified regional materials are installed.
Given the importance of health issues to these facilities, it is recommended that candidate materials be
screened for compliance with the various indoor air quality goals established in EQ Credit 4 as
appropriate.
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1 point MR Credit 6
Rapidly Renewable Materials: 5%
Intent
Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing
them with rapidly renewable materials.
| Health Issues
Rapidly renewable materials generally yield more material from less acreage, have lower
irrigation and pesticide requirements, and do not result in significant biodiversity loss
providing they are grown in accordance with sustainable agricultural or forestry practices.
These practices prevent pollution of water and land resources and help to maintain
healthy ecosystems.
Credit Goals
• Specify rapidly renewable building materials and products primarily made from rapidly renewable
resources for a minimum of 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the
project. Rapidly renewable resources are those materials that substantially replenish themselves
faster than traditional extraction demand (i.e., planted and harvested within a ten-year cycle).
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of
rapidly renewable materials and products. Show their cost and percentage of rapidly renewable
components, and the total cost of all materials for the project.
Q Obtain documentation from the manufacturer, declaring the rapidly renewable materials
contained in the candidate products.
Reference Standards
While recognized certification standards for non-timber forest products and agricultural products used as
building materials and products are not yet implemented, both the Forest Stewardship Council and the
Smartwood organization have standards in development.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for rapidly renewable materials and identify materials and products that can
achieve this goal. Consider materials such as bamboo flooring, wool carpet, straw and wheat board,
sunflower seed board, cotton batt insulation, linoleum flooring, poplar OSB, and others. Seek materials
from producers using low impact sustainable agricultural practices to avoid eutrophication and soil
depletion. Watch for emerging sustainable harvest certification systems for rapidly renewable materials.
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1 point MR Credit 7
Certified Wood
Intent
Encourage environmentally responsible forest management.
I Health Issues
Human and environmental health is inextricably linked with forest health. Sustainable
forestry protects water quality by reducing water and soil runoff and pesticide and
herbicide use. Specifying and procuring certified sustainably harvested wood increases
acreage using sustainable management practices. These practices also protect aquatic
life, including threatened and endangered species, and maintain viable diverse plant life
increasing air filtration and carbon dioxide sequestration. The balancing of carbon dioxide
mitigates global climate change, and thereby reduces the spread and redistribution of
disease that can be a consequence of climate change.
Credit Goals
• Specify products certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's Principles and Criteria
for a minimum of 50% of the total value of all wood-based materials and products used in the project.
This should include all wood building components including, but not limited to, structural framing and
general dimensional framing, flooring, finishes, and furnishings.
Documentation
Q Prepare a spreadsheet highlighting the FSC-certified materials and products used. Include
calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of FSC-certified
materials and products and their cost together with the total cost of all materials for the project.
Q For each material or product used to meet these goals, document the vendor or manufacturer's
Forest Stewardship Council chain-of-custody certificate number.
Reference Standards
ASTM D4840-99 Standard Guide for Sampling Chain-of-Custody Procedures.
Forest Stewardship Council Guidelines www.fscus.org.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for FSC-certified wood products and identify suppliers, with an emphasis on
regionally supplied products, that can contribute to achieving this goal. Consider also seeking FSC-
certified wood for non-rented temporary construction applications such as bracing, concrete form work
and pedestrian barriers.
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1 point MR Credit 8.1
PBT Elimination: Dioxins
Intent
Reduce the release of persistent bioaccumulative toxic chemicals (PBTs) associated with the life cycle of
building materials.
| Health Issues
PBTs are toxic chemicals of particular health concern because they do not break down
quickly in the environment, they become widely distributed geographically and they bio-
magnify or concentrate in the tissue of living organisms as they move up the food chain.
With a few exceptions, the major source of human exposures to PBTs in the general
population occurs from the consumption of contaminated food in the ordinary diet. These
toxic chemicals cause a range of adverse wildlife and human health effects, including
cancer, and developmental impacts in the nervous, reproductive, and immune systems.
Immature, developing organisms are the most sensitive to exposures to PBTs.
Because of their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative characteristics, even very
small, difficult to detect releases can lead to harmful exposures. This has led to an
emphasis on strategies targeting elimination of the production and use of PBT
substances, or those that are known to lead to their formation, rather than attempts to
control emissions.
Dioxin, addressed in this credit, is an extremely potent carcinogen and reproductive/
developmental toxicant, with adverse impacts at extremely low levels of exposure.
Dioxin is one of at least five of the PBTs commonly addressed in PBT elimination policies
that have direct links with building materials. Others include cadmium, mercury, lead, and
PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). These PBTs are used in the manufacture of building
materials or unavoidably produced and released into the environment during one or more
stages of the material's life cycle. These credits are aimed at eliminating building
materials typically used in construction that either contain one or more PBTs or are
associated with PBT releases at one or more stages of their life cycle.
Some building materials are associated with substantial dioxin releases during their
lifecycle that are directly related to the product content, hence making product selection a
useful strategy for dioxin elimination. For example, the plastics that contain chlorine, such
as PVC, and cement from kilns fired with hazardous waste are targeted by this credit
because direct dioxin generation is associated with their manufacture as well as with
many forms of disposal and accidental combustion of chlorine-containing materials in
building fires or landfills. In addition, PVC feedstock production also creates several other
target PBTs including PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), HCB (hexachlorobenzene),
HCBD (hexachlorobutadiene) and octachloro-styrene (OCS). Materials that do not contain
chlorine — such as polyolefins and other chlorine-free plastics — are not associated with
these types of dioxin releases. It is recognized that any building material can be
associated with dioxin releases in their life cycle due to reliance on diesel fuel combustion
for transportation and coal combustion to provide power in the manufacturing process.
These impacts are not intrinsically related to the material per se, so product selection
cannot prevent them.
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PBT Elimination: Dioxins
Other building materials that may have significant direct dioxin releases include aluminum,
copper and lead (from smelting (recycling) operations), and iron (from sintering
operations). Dioxin releases from copper recycling are dropping dramatically as chlorine
sources, particularly PVC wire sheathing, are removed from the recycling stream. Lead is
addressed directly in MR Credit 8.3. The others require more analysis to determine
whether material avoidance is warranted.
PBT elimination is reflected in policies established by a broad range of local, state, federal
and international governmental bodies as well as major health care systems and
organizations as reflected in the Resources section below.
Credit Goals
• Specify no use of cement from kilns fired with hazardous waste.
AND
• Specify no use of materials containing virgin or recycled chlorinated compounds including:
• Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)
• Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
• Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE)
• Neoprene
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• In two (2) of the three (3) groups listed below:
• Group 1 - Exterior and Structural:
• Roof membranes
• Window and door frames
• Siding
• Other exterior finishes
• Geomembranes
• Group 2 - Interior Finishes:
• Flooring (minimum of 50% of total floor area)
• Base
• Ceiling tiles
• Wall coverings
• Window treatments
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PBT Elimination: Dioxins
• Group 3 - Mechanical/Electrical Systems:
• Piping
• Conduit and boxes
Exception can be made for minor parts, such as tracks, gaskets, and other seals, as long as a chlorinated
compound is not one of the primary materials of the frame or body of the product.
Documentation
Q Compile documentation that all products and materials on interior and exterior finish, roof, window
and door and piping schedules and concrete specifications meet the goals of this credit. Provide
specification language identifying the dioxin reduction goal to the contractor for the
aforementioned material categories and indicating that review of material content will be a
criterion in all substitution reviews.
Reference Standards
PBT elimination is reflected in policies established by a broad range of local, state, federal and
international governmental bodies as well as major health care systems and organizations:
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, signed by EPA Administrator Christine Todd
Whitman for the United States with officials from 90 other countries in May 2001, addresses dioxins and
furans, PCBs and HCB and commits signatories "to reduce the total releases with the goal of their
continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination." United Nations Environment
Programme on Persistent Organic Chemicals, http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/ Stockholm Convention on
Persistent Organic Pollutants http://www.pops.int/.
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) Mandate 22/4 on Mercury calls for national action to
reduce or eliminate releases of mercury and its compounds. United Nations Environment Programme
Mandate 22/4 on Mercury http://www.chem.unep.ch/mercurv/mandate-2003.htm.
The Canada - U.S. International Joint Commission (IJC) study of PBTs in the Great Lakes led to a
"Canada - United States Strategy for the Virtual Elimination of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great
Lakes" signed in April of 1997 by both countries that include dioxins and furans, PCBs, HCB, HCBD,
cadmium, lead and mercury. Great Lakes Binational Strategy, http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/p2/bns.html.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), in response to the Stockholm Convention, UNEP
and IJC, has established a list of target PBTs including dioxins, PCBs, HCB, OCS, lead, and mercury.
US EPA Strategy for Priority Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Pollutants
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pbt/pbtstrat.htm.
US EPA TRI PBT Chemical List, http://www.epa.gov/triinter/chemical/pbt chem list.htm.
Washington State's Department of Ecology has established a list of 22 PBTs including dioxins, HCB,
HCBD, cadmium, lead, and mercury that the Department has targeted to be virtually eliminated from
Washington sources. Washington State PBT Strategy www.ecv.wa.gov/programs/eap/pbt/pbtfag.html.
The cities of Seattle and San Francisco have both established plans to reduce PBT releases, including
eliminating the use of PVC building materials. City of Seattle PBT Reduction Strategy
http://www.citvofseattle.net/environment/Documents/PBTStrategy3-07-03.pdf.
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PBT Elimination: Dioxins
A wide range of health care related organizations have passed resolutions directly encouraging action by
member organizations to reduce dioxin releases or to reduce or eliminate the use of PVC due to its
association with PBTs, including the American Public Health Association, American Nurses Association,
California Medical Association, Chicago Medical Society and the Maine Hospital Association. Several
major health care systems, including Kaiser Permanente and Catholic Healthcare West are acting to
reduce their use of PVC and other PBT related materials from health care products and building
materials. American Public Health Association resolution, "Prevention of Dioxin Generation from PVC
Plastic Use by Health Care Facilities,"
http://www.apha.org/legislative/policv/policvsearch/index.cfm?fuseaction=view&id=125.
Health Care Without Harm listing of resolutions on PVC http://www.noharm.org/pvcDehp/reducingPVC.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for materials that meet the dioxin reduction emission goals and identify materials
and suppliers to fulfill this goal.
The following list indicates where the specified chlorinated compounds are primarily used in building
materials:
• Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) - geomembranes, wire and cable jacketing
• Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) - water pipes
• Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) - roof membranes, electrical connectors and sheet
membrane for pond liners
• Neoprene - weather stripping, expansion joint filler, water seals, and other gaskets and adhesives
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - pipes and conduit, waterproofing, siding, roof membranes, door and
window frames, resilient flooring, carpet backing, wall covering, signage, window treatments,
furniture, wire and cable sheathing
• While exception can be made for minor parts, specifiers are encouraged to seek EPDM and
silicone or other non-chlorinated alternative seals and other minor parts where possible.
Consider materials that are not manufactured with chlorine or other halogens. Options include (but are
not limited to) TPO, EPDM, and FPO for roof membranes; natural linoleum, rubber, or alternate polymers
for flooring and surfacing; natural fibers, polyethylene, polyester and paint for wall covering; polyethylene
for wiring; and wood, fiberglass, HOPE, and aluminum with thermal breaks for windows and copper, cast
iron, steel, concrete, clay, polypropylene and HOPE for piping.
Substitutions consistent with this credit are also encouraged in furniture and wiring. In wiring substitution,
also avoid other halogenated compounds (compounds containing chlorine, bromine or fluorine), most
notably the fluoropolymers that have similar health concerns.
Resources
Dioxin formation and waste combustion continues to be studied by EPA and others. For reference, please consult
(www.h2e-online.ora/) for recent EPA findings on the subject.
Healthy Building Network, PVC Alternatives Database http://www.healthvbuildina.net/pvc/alternatives.html.
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1 point MR Credit 8.2
PBT Elimination: Mercury Use in Equipment
Intent
Reduce the release of persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs) associated with the life
cycle of building materials.
| Health Issues
PBTs are toxic chemicals of particular health concern because they do not break down
quickly in the environment, they become widely distributed geographically and they bio-
magnify or concentrate in the tissue of living organisms as they move up the food chain.
With a few exceptions, the major source of human exposures to PBTs in the general
population occurs from the consumption of contaminated food in the ordinary diet. These
toxic chemicals cause a range of adverse wildlife and human health effects, including
cancer, and developmental impacts in the nervous, reproductive, and immune systems.
Immature, developing organisms are the most sensitive to exposures to PBTs.
Because of their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative characteristics, even very
small, difficult to detect releases can lead to harmful exposures. This has led to an
emphasis on strategies targeting elimination of the production and use of PBT
substances, or those that are known to lead to their formation, rather than attempts to
control emissions.
Mercury - addressed in this credit - is a potent neurotoxin. Prenatal exposure can result in
deficits in language, memory and attention.
Mercury is one of at least five PBTs commonly addressed in PBT elimination policies that
have direct links with building materials. Others include cadmium, lead, dioxins (including
furans and dioxin like compounds) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). These PBTs are
used in the manufacture of building materials or unavoidably produced and released into
the environment during one or more stages of the material's life cycle. These credits are
aimed at eliminating building materials typically used in construction that either contain
one or more PBTs or are associated with PBT releases at one or more stages of their life
cycle.
PBT elimination is reflected in policies established by a broad range of local, state, federal
and international governmental bodies as well as major health care systems and
organizations as reflected in the Resources section in MR Credit 8.1.
Credit Goals
• Specify HVAC systems, control systems, and other large electrical product and/or systems that are
free of mercury switches (tilt, float, pressure and temperature) and mercury relays.
• Categories of equipment screened should include, but not be limited to:
• HVAC systems
• Control systems
• Boiler systems
• Pump and other fluid control systems
Note: this credit refers to switches and relays built in to equipment. External thermostats and other stand
alone switches and control devices are addressed in MR Prerequisite 2.
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PBT Elimination: Mercury Use in Equipment
Documentation
Q Compile documentation including mechanical schedules noting the mercury-free specifications.
Q Prepare specification language identifying the mercury-free goal to the contractor for the
aforementioned material categories and indicating that review of material content will be a
criterion in all substitution reviews.
Reference Standards
The American Hospital Association (AHA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
signed a Memorandum of Understanding identifying goals to reduce the impact of health care facilities on
the environment. A primary goal included the virtual elimination of mercury waste from the health care
waste stream by the year 2005. http://www.h2e-online.org/about/mou.htm.
PBT elimination is reflected in policies established by a broad range of local, state, federal and
international governmental bodies as well as major health care systems and organizations. Refer to the
listing in MR Credit 8.1.
Maine State law (LD 1159) prohibits the sale of mercury in switches, measuring devices (including
sphygmomanometers), instruments and thermostats.
See also Reference Standards in MR Prerequisite 2.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for mercury-free materials and identify materials and suppliers to fulfill this goal.
Consider digital measurement devices and controls.
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1 point
Construction
Materials & Resources
MR Credit 8.3
PBT Elimination: Lead & Cadmium
Intent
Reduce the release of persistent bioaccumulative toxic chemicals (PBTs) associated with the life cycle of
building materials.
| Health Issues
PBTs are toxic chemicals of particular health concern because they do not break down
quickly in the environment, they become widely distributed geographically and they bio-
magnify or concentrate in the tissue of living organisms as they move up the food chain.
With a few exceptions, the major source of human exposures to PBTs in the general
population occurs from the consumption of contaminated food in the ordinary diet. These
toxic chemicals cause a range of adverse wildlife and human health effects, including
cancer, and developmental impacts in the nervous, reproductive, and immune
systems.Immature, developing organisms are the most sensitive to exposures to PBTs.
Because of their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative characteristics, even very
small, difficult to detect releases can lead to harmful exposures. This has led to an
emphasis on strategies targeting elimination of the production and use of PBT
substances, or those that are known to lead to their formation, rather than attempts to
control emissions.
Lead - addressed in this credit - is a potent neurotoxin, particularly in the developing brain
of fetuses and children, and can also cause kidney and reproductive system damage.
Cadmium - also addressed here — is a carcinogen and causes kidney, lung, intestinal,
and placental damage.
Lead and cadmium are two of at least five PBTs commonly addressed in PBT elimination
policies that have direct links with building materials. Others include mercury, dioxins
(including furans and dioxin like compounds) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).
These PBTs are used in the manufacture of building materials or unavoidably produced
and released into the environment during one or more stages of the material's life cycle.
These credits are aimed at eliminating building materials typically used in construction that
either contain one or more PBTs or are associated with PBT releases at one or more
stages of their life cycle.
Credit Goals
• Specify substitutes for materials manufactured with lead and cadmium, when cost effective
alternatives that meet or exceed performance standards are available, as follows:
• Specify use of lead-free solder and roofing. Lead is typically found in roofing products in terne,
copper roofing, and roof flashing.
• Specify use of lead-free insulated jacketing of electrical wire and cable that meets or exceeds
performance requirements.
• Specify no use of interior or exterior paints containing cadmium or lead. Green Seal certified or
recommended paints meeting Green Seal criteria exclude metals including cadmium, lead,
mercury, antimony, and hexavalent chromium.
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MR Credit 8.3 continued
PBT Elimination: Lead and Cadmium
Documentation
Q Prepare roofing, electrical wiring and painting schedules noting the lead- and cadmium-free
specifications.
Q Prepare specification language identifying the lead- and cadmium-free goal to the contractor for
the aforementioned material categories and indicating that review of material content will be a
criterion in all substitution reviews.
Reference Standards
Green Seal GS-11 standard http://www.greenseal.org/standards/paints.htm.
Green Seal certified products list, http://www.greenseal.org/certproducts.htm.
Green Seal recommended paints http://www.greenseal.org.
PBT elimination is reflected in policies established by a broad range of local, state, federal and
international governmental bodies as well as major health care systems and organizations. Refer to the
listing in MR Credit 8.1.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal for lead- and cadmium-free products and identify products and suppliers to fulfill
this goal. Consider products such as silver and other lead-free solder, solderless copper connectors and
polyethylene piping, aluminum flashing and Green Seal compliant paints. Note that it is understood that
there may be small allowable use of cadmium in equipment beyond the knowledge and access of the
designer, such as relay contacts.
Consider lead-free alternate radiation shielding materials.
Note that some PVC products contain lead or cadmium as stabilizers. For example, lead remains the
primary stabilizer in PVC insulation for electrical wire and cable, and cadmium and lead are both still
found in PVC resilient flooring products. While not all PVC products contain lead or cadmium, specifying
PVC-free products as per MR Credit 8.1 (Dioxin) will help ensure greater elimination of potential lead and
cadmium sources.
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1 point MR Credit 9.1
Furniture and Medical Furnishings: Resource Reuse
Intent
Reduce the environmental impacts from the manufacture, use and disposal of furniture and medical
furnishings products.
| Health Issues
Resource reuse eliminates primary extraction of virgin resources, transportation and
manufacturing, thus preventing associated ecosystem disruption, energy expenditure and
toxic emissions, while diverting materials from disposal.
Credit Goals
• Specify salvaged, refurbished, or used furniture and medical furnishings for a minimum 20% of the
total furniture and medical furnishings budget.
Documentation
Q Compile a list of furniture and medical furnishings, with the salvaged or reused components
identified and indicate their replacement value to determine that the credit goals have been met
for the requisite amount of furniture.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Identify opportunities to salvage and reuse furniture from existing inventory and research potential used
furniture suppliers. Consider salvaging and reusing systems furniture and furnishings such as case
pieces, seating, filing systems, and medical furnishings such as exam tables, stools, carts, etc.
Furniture dealers are sources for reused furniture and furniture recycling programs at the local and
regional levels. This helps save energy and other resources by reducing reshipping impacts and creation
of new product using virgin material.
(Note: Hospital beds are excluded from this credit.)
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1 point MR Credit 9.2
Furniture and Medical Furnishings: Materials
Intent
Reduce the environmental impacts from the manufacture, use and disposal of furniture and medical
furnishings products.
| Health Issues
The environmental and health issues surrounding materials used in the manufacture of
furniture products parallel those outlined for building products in the Material and
Resource credits. Significant health impacts are associated with the use of Persistent,
Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals (PBTs), chrome plated finishes, and wood
harvesting for furniture products manufacture.
PBTs are toxic chemicals of particular health concern because they do not break down
quickly in the environment, they become widely distributed geographically and they bio-
magnify or concentrate in the tissue of living organisms as they move up the food chain.
With a few exceptions, the major source of human exposures to PBTs in the general
population occurs from the consumption of contaminated food in the ordinary diet. These
toxic chemicals cause a range of adverse wildlife and human health effects, including
cancer, and developmental impacts in the nervous, reproductive, and immune
systems.Immature, developing organisms are the most sensitive to exposures to PBTs.
Because of their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative characteristics, even very
small, difficult to detect releases can lead to harmful exposures. This has led to an
emphasis on strategies targeting elimination of the production and use of PBT
substances, or those that are known to lead to their formation, rather than attempts to
control emissions.
Hexavalent chromium is another particularly toxic chemical used in furniture for chrome
plating. It poses a wide range of health impacts ranging from respiratory tract damage to
cancer, particularly for workers and for residents surrounding manufacturing sites.
The furniture industry is a major market for wood products. Human and environmental
health is inextricably linked with forest health. Sustainable forestry protects water quality
by reducing water and soil runoff and pesticide and herbicide use. Specifying and
procuring certified sustainably harvested wood increases acreage using sustainable
management practices. These practices also protect aquatic life, including threatened and
endangered species, and maintain viable diverse plant life increasing air filtration and
carbon dioxide sequestration. The balancing of carbon dioxide mitigates global climate
change, and thereby reduces the potential disease spread predicted to be a consequence
of global warming induced climate change.
Credit Goals
• Specify 40% of furniture and medical furnishings by cost that complies with a minimum of two (2) of
the following goals:
• No PBTs in material manufacture - Mercury, Cadmium, Lead or chlorinated compounds (including
PVC) in furniture components, textiles, finishes or dyes (per MR Credit 8).
• No chrome plated finishes.
• All wood components from FSC Certified Wood (per MR Credit 7).
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MR Credit 9.2 continued
Furniture and Medical Furnishings: Materials
Documentation
Q Prepare a matrix indicating the three goals and a listing of furniture, indicating that the requisite
amount of furniture complies with a minimum of two out of the three listed goals.
Q For each material or product used to meet the Certified Wood goal, document the vendor or
manufacturer's Forest Stewardship Council chain-of-custody certificate number.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, can be found in PVC products, fabric dyes and
leather tanning. Some manufacturers in the textile industry have eliminated heavy metals from the dyes
used in upholstery, backing or barrier cloths, panel fabrics and window textiles. In addition, alternatives
exist for PVC-free edging material, furniture connection pieces and panel base covers.
Specify furniture from manufacturers that offer FSC-certified wood products, with an emphasis on
regionally supplied products that can contribute to achieving this goal.
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1 point MR Credit 9.3
Furniture and Medical Furnishings: Manufacturing, Transportation and Recycling
Intent
Reduce the environmental impacts from the manufacture, use and disposal of furniture and medical
furnishings products.
| Health Issues
The use of regional assembly practices reduces transportation activities and the resulting
pollution associated with delivery of furniture products to the project site. Reducing or
eliminating packaging, and/or ensuring that the packaging is recyclable or compostable,
results in a lessened reliance on disposal. Similarly, the end of life recycling of furniture
products reduces solid waste volumes by diverting materials from disposal and reduces
the need for continued extraction and raw manufacturing. In both cases, unhealthful air,
water, and land pollution associated with landfill and incineration can be reduced.
Credit Goals
Specify 40% of furniture and medical furnishings based on cost that complies with a minimum of two (2)
of the following goals:
• Locally and/or regionally assembled - Furniture and medical furnishings that are assembled within
300 miles of the project if transported primarily by truck or 1000 miles if shipped primarily by rail or
water.
• Transported with a minimum of packaging - Reduce, reuse, recycle, compost or minimize packaging
for shipping, and packaging that is "taken back" by manufacturer for reuse (such as blanket
wrapping).
• Has "end of life" destination - is designed for disassembly, recyclablility, biodegradability, or is part of
a "take back" program. Furniture that can be disassembled or recycled at end of life, either locally or
by the manufacturer through a "take back" program, qualifies.
Documentation
Q Prepare a matrix indicating the three goals and a listing of furniture and medical furnishings and
their associated costs, indicating that the requisite amount of furniture complies with a minimum
of two out of the three listed goals.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify furniture products that are assembled within 300/1000 miles of the project site, depending on
mode of transport, to reduce environmental impacts from transportation and support the regional
economy.
Minimize packaging and reuse or return packaging to the sender for recycling. Manufacturers are using
cardboard with recycled content. Soy inks should be substituted for inks made with heavy metals.
Encourage shippers to blanket wrap bulky items, such as chairs, if going directly to the end user.
Blankets and pallets are reusable.
A growing number of furniture items are available that can be disassembled to allow for almost 100%
recycling done locally and/or by sending back to the manufacturer. A number of manufacturers also have
programs to extend product life for reuse by re-manufacturing and recycling programs in furniture systems
(see MR Credit 9.1).
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Copper Reduction
Intent
Prevent copper-contaminated stormwater run-off from entering aquatic systems.
| Health Issues
Copper is toxic to aquatic species and acutely toxic to plankton and thus can impair the
vitality of aquatic ecosystems. Copper enters aquatic systems through direct and indirect
sources. In a study of the South San Francisco Bay, 23% of copper was from wastewater
treatment plants (the rest was from stormwater sources) and 60 percent of that was
estimated to derive from copper pipe corrosion.
Credit Goals
• Eliminate the use of copper metal roofing, copper granule containing asphalt shingles, copper gutters,
and copper cladding.
AND
• If using copper pipe requiring the use of solder and flux during installation, specify all solder joints to
be compliant with ASTM B828, specify and use ASTM B813 flux to reduce copper pipe corrosion.
Documentation
Q Document that the roofing and plumbing schedules and specifications for the project comply with
the credit goals.
Reference Standards
ASTM B813-00e1 Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and Copper
Alloy Tube.
B828-02 Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube
and Fittings.
Palo Alto, CA Municipal Ordinance 16.09.160(b), effective as of January 1, 2003.
http://www.citv.palo-alto.ca.us/government/municipalcode.html.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish a project goal to eliminate use of exterior copper building products at the project's inception,
particularly if the run-off from the building site flows into a sensitive aquatic zone. Identify alternative
material options. Reduce copper pipe corrosion through the use of less corrosive fluxes, identified as
ASTM B813, offered by most flux manufacturers and by specifying that all solder joints comply with ASTM
B828. Using a solderless copper pipe system, such as ProPress, eliminates the need for solder and flux
and thereby the source of significant copper corrosion. Alternative pipe materials such as cross-linked
polyethylene and cast iron, depending on application, should also be considered as substitutes for copper
piping.
Resources
New Palo Alto Ordinance Prohibits Copper Roofing Materials http://www.citv.palo-
alto.ca.us/cleanbav/pdf/construction/CuRoofOrd.pdf.
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Resource Use: Design for Flexibility
Intent
Conserve resources associated with the construction and management of buildings by designing for
flexibility and ease of future adaptation, and minimizing initial resource use.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities undergo substantial renovation and remodeling to accommodate
changing technologies and regulatory requirements, thereby generating significant
quantities of construction-related wastes, and subjecting building occupants to noise, dust,
and other health impacting disruptions associated with construction. By designing flexible,
adaptive, generic spaces, buildings can better respond to changes imposed by new
equipment and infrastructure requirements with minimum waste and maintain a healthier
environment during renovations.
Credit Goals
• Increase building flexibility and ease of adaptive reuse over the life of the structure by employing one
(1) or more of the following design and/or space planning strategies such as:
• modular planning grids
• use of interstitial spaces
• development of flexible "technology floors" for diagnostic and treatment facilities to facilitate ease
of modifications for changing major equipment.
Documentation
Q Compile evidence of strategies employed to improve ease of adaptive reuse of the structure in
future renovations, including floor plans, building sections, or modular technology technical data.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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MR Credit 11.1 continued
Resource Use: Design for Flexibility
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Flexible, adaptable and generic spaces increase building longevity. Strategies for achieving this include:
• Right size the space program, insuring that space assignments are optimized through considering
multiple uses for individual spaces, alternative officing (whereby unassigned, flexible workstations
are shared by multiple users), and universal sizing (standardized room or workstation sizing).
• Dimensional planning to recognize standard material sizes - wherever possible, design rooms
using 2 foot incremental dimensions. An 8 x 11.6' room creates less waste than a 7'-6" x 11'-4"
dimension.
• On large-scale projects, consider repetitive design elements. Using redundant dimensions
throughout the design of the project facilitates cutting in large batches in a single location.
• Future adaptability, including ample floor-to-floor heights, raised floor distribution systems or
interstitial space to allow for ease of future modifications, implementation of undifferentiated
"technology floors" to accommodate surgical, cardiology and radiological procedures in equally
sized and adaptable planning modules.
• Ease of installation and deconstruction, including modular, demountable building systems that
can be relocated, reused, or salvaged in the future. Detailing for easy disassembly by using
screws and bolts in place of nails and adhesives will reduce future renovation costs.
• Employ design strategies to reduce the use of materials, such as exposed ceilings, concrete
floors, and exposed structural framework.
Resources
New York City High Performance Building Guidelines, Dept of Design and Construction, 1999,
http://www.nvc.aov/html/ddc/html/ddcareen/.
Designing With Vision: A Technical Manual for Material Choices in Sustainable Construction, Chapter 8, California
Integrated Waste Management Board, July, 2000, http://www.ciwmb.ca.aov/ConDemo/Pubs.htm.
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1 point MR Credit 11.2
Resource Use: Minimize Materials
Intent
Conserve resources associated with the construction and management of buildings by designing for
flexibility and ease of future adaptation, and minimizing initial resource use.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities undergo substantial renovation and remodeling to accommodate
changing technologies and regulatory requirements, thereby generating significant
quantities of construction-related wastes, and subjecting building occupants to noise, dust,
and other health impacting disruptions associated with construction. By designing flexible,
adaptive, generic spaces, buildings can better respond to changes imposed by new
equipment and infrastructure requirements with minimum waste and maintaining a
healthier environment during renovations.
Credit Goals
Minimize raw material usage of the structure over its life cycle by one or both of the following:
• Demountable and modular building systems or components for partitions, raised floor distribution
systems, or the like, comprising a minimum of 5% of the total value of the building component. In the
case of modular casework, such casework must comprise 50% of the total combined value of
casework and custom millwork.
OR
• Demonstrate construction systems and/or strategies that require less material by utilizing shell
elements as finish materials where appropriate (such as exposed ceilings, polished concrete floors, or
expressed structure), that reduce total material usage by 5% (not including reuse of existing structure
or shell as enumerated in MR Credit 1). Only habitable areas of the building that utilize shell
elements as finish materials may be used to fulfill this goal.
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations indicating that construction systems or strategies comply with the goals.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Flexible, adaptable and generic spaces increase building longevity. Strategies for achieving this include:
• Ease of installation and deconstruction, including modular, demountable building systems that
can be relocated, reused, or salvaged.
• Detail for easy disassembly by using screws and bolts in place of nails and adhesives.
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MR Credit 11.2 continued
Resource Use: Minimize Materials
Employ design strategies to reduce the single use of built-in casework. Consider modular casework for
ease of installation, deconstruction and reuse at all areas that use standard or basic casework. Employ
design strategies to reduce "single use" aspects of reception desks, nursing stations, and the like,
whether through use of furniture or through demountable design strategies.
Employ design strategies to reduce the use of materials, such as exposed ceilings, concrete floors, and
exposed structural framework.
Resources
New York City High Performance Building Guidelines, Dept of Design and Construction, 1999,
http://www.nvc.aov/html/ddc/html/ddcareen/.
Designing With Vision: A Technical Manual for Material Choices in Sustainable Construction, Chapter 8, California
Integrated Waste Management Board, July, 2000, http://www.ciwmb.ca.aov/ConDemo/Pubs.htm.
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Environmental Quality
Required EQ Prerequisite 1
Minimum IAQ Performance
Intent
Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to prevent the development of indoor air quality
problems in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants.
| Health Issues
The EPA estimates that indoor air pollution is one of the top five environmental risks to
public health and as much as 10 times more polluted than outside air. Indoor air
pollutants can cause problems ranging from immediate acute effects such as eye, nose,
and throat irritation; sinusitis, asthma attacks, headaches; loss of coordination; and
nausea; to long range chronic damage to the lungs, liver, kidney, and central nervous
system and cancer. Building materials and the products used to install, clean and maintain
them can be significant sources of a wide range of VOCs and other indoor air pollutants.
Coupling properly designed, operated and maintained mechanical equipment with low-
emitting materials can ensure healthy indoor air.
Credit Goals
• Meet the minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62-2001, Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, and Addenda approved at the time the building was permitted.
Mechanical systems shall be designed using the Ventilation Rate Procedure.
Documentation
Q Prepare calculations demonstrating that the project is fully compliant with ASHRAE 62-2001 and
all published Addenda and describing the procedure employed in the IAQ analysis (Ventilation
Rate Procedure).
Reference Standards
ASHRAE 62-2001 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality www.ashrae.org and Standard 62
Addenda page at http://www.ashrae.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/30205.
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EQ Prerequisite 1 continued
Minimum IAQ Performance
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establishing strategies for good indoor air quality at the outset of project development is more effective
and achievable than addressing air quality as an issue during construction or building operation. These
strategies can be categorized by type and prioritized as follows:
• Ventilation (refer to EQ Credit 2). Develop ventilation strategies that support operable windows,
where appropriate. Design for mechanical ventilation air change rates required by health code
standards, zoning areas where contaminants are generated.
• Construction Methods (refer to EQ Credit 3). Control indoor air quality during construction and
mitigate impacts on occupied building air quality. Flush newly constructed or renovated buildings
with 100% outside air prior to occupancy.
• Building Materials (refer to EQ Credits 4 & 8). Significant sources of indoor air pollution are
materials and products used in the building, such as adhesives, paints, carpeting, upholstery,
manufactured wood products and other components of furniture, including medical furniture &
equipment, each of which may emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde.
• Source Control (refer to EQ Credit 5 and Operations). Sources can include outdoor pollutants,
indoor chemical use (including glutaraldehyde and other sterilizing agents and methylene
chloride, used in adhesive removers, paint stripper, and aerosol spray paints), cleaning products,
fragrances and pest control activities.,
• Building Maintenance and Operation (refer to EQ Credit 5 and Operations).
• Control systems. Install sensors for relative humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide. Consider
occupant control systems to improve individual comfort.
Resources
High Performance Building Guidelines, New York City DDC, 1999.
l-Beam: The Future of IAQ in Buildings, United States Environmental Protection Agency; EPA402-C-01-001,
December 2002, IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (l-Beam), www.epa.aov/iaa/laraebldas.
Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities: Recommendations of CDC and the Health
Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Recommendations and Reports
June 6, 2003 / Vol. 52 / No. RR-10, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5210a1.htm.
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Required EQ Prerequisite 2
Asbestos Removal or Encapsulation
Intent
Reduce the potential exposure of building occupants to asbestos and avoid associated harmful effects of
asbestos in existing buildings.
| Health Issues
Asbestos exposure is linked to documented health impacts, most notably mesothelioma (a
specific kind of cancer of the lung, chest or and abdominal lining) and asbestosis, a
chronic form of lung disease. To minimize exposure of building occupants, regulatory
authorities require remediation of asbestos containing building materials, either through a
process of encapsulation or removal. Asbestos abatement undertaken during renovation
while building is partially occupied should take especial precautions to ensure 100%
containment of asbestos fibers.
Credit Goals
• Comply with US EPA's asbestos removal, encapsulation and management regulations, NESHAP 40
CFR 61, for asbestos containing material in buildings. Remove any potentially friable asbestos
materials that are located in ventilation distribution plenums or chases in accordance with OSHA 29
CFR Part 1926.
• Identify all asbestos containing materials that may be affected by proposed construction activities
through a comprehensive audit process. Comply with all authorities having jurisdiction concerning
removal and/or encapsulation requirements for each asbestos containing material. Pay attention to
means and methods of containment, air quality monitoring during abatement procedures, disposition
of debris and disposal of materials.
Documentation
Q Prepare a comprehensive audit of all asbestos located in the existing facility that may be affected
by the proposed construction.
Q Obtain documentation certifying that any asbestos-containing materials located in areas affected
by proposed construction activities have been removed or encapsulated in accordance with
OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926. Obtain certification from an independent testing authority stating that
asbestos containing materials are not present in the building or on the site affected by proposed
construction activities prior to the start of construction.
Reference Standards
US EPA National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) 40 CFR 61.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Engage an environmental testing agency and licensed asbestos abatement professional to audit building
systems and materials and determine protocols and procedures to encapsulate or remove asbestos
containing materials as appropriate.
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1 point EQ Credit 1
Air Quality Monitoring
Intent
Provide capacity for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring to help sustain long-term occupant comfort and
well-being.
| Health Issues
Elevated CO2 levels can indicate diminished indoor air quality. By maintaining low CO2
levels, building occupants experience improved indoor air quality, resulting in improved
health and productivity. This is particularly important in hospitals, where patients with
impaired immune, respiratory, and neurological systems are especially vulnerable to poor
indoor environmental conditions. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with
allergies, asthma or chemical sensitivities are also at increased risk of suffering adverse
health effects from compromised indoor air quality.
Credit Goals
For mechanical ventilation systems that predominantly serve densely occupied spaces (spaces with a
design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 sf (40 sf/ person) provide the
following:
• Provide a CO2 sensor or sampling location for each densely occupied space and compare with
outdoor ambient CO2 concentrations.
• Install CO2 sensors certified by the manufacturer to have an accuracy of no less than 75 ppm,
factory calibrated or calibrated at start-up, and certified by the manufacturer to require calibration
no more frequently than once every 5 years.
• Monitor CO2 sensors by a control system capable of and configured to trend CO2 concentrations
on no more that 15 minute intervals for a period of no less than 6 months.
• Configure the control system to be capable to generate an alarm visible to the system operator if
the CO2 concentration in any zone rises more than 15% above that corresponding to the
minimum outdoor air rate required by ASHRAE Standard 62.
• CO2 sensors may be used for demand controlled ventilation provided the control strategy
complies with Standard 62 (see IEQ Prerequisite 1), including maintaining the area-based
component of the design ventilation rate.
For all other mechanical ventilation systems, provide the following:
• An outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring (and, if necessary, controlling) the
minimum outdoor airflow rate at all expected system operating conditions within 15% of the
design minimum outdoor air rate.
• The outdoor airflow measurement device shall be monitored by a control system capable of and
configured to trend outdoor airflow on no more that 15 minute intervals for a period of no less
than 6 months.
• The control system shall be capable and configured to generate an alarm visible to the system
operator if the minimum outdoor air rate falls more than 15% below the design minimum rate.
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Documentation
Q Provide summary of the installation, operational design and controls and zones for the air quality
monitoring system. For mixed use buildings, calculate dilution rates and allowable carbon dioxide
levels for each separate activity level and use.
Reference Standards
ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Appendix C & D.
ASHRAE Standard 55-1992, Table 4.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the HVAC system with carbon dioxide monitoring sensors in locations with anticipated high
occupancy densities and/or long duct runs or those locations that are challenging to provide adequate
ventilation. Consider integrating these sensors with the building automation system (BAS).
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Construction
1 point
Environmental Quality
EQ Credit 2
Increase Ventilation Effectiveness
Intent
Provide for the effective delivery and mixing of fresh air to support the safety, comfort and well-being of
building occupants.
Health Issues
Providing appropriate ventilation levels is one element of achieving healthy indoor air
quality. Proper ventilation rates can be linked to enhanced worker productivity, comfort
and reduced absenteeism. These benefits may lead to lower health care and insurance
costs. This is particularly important in hospitals, where patients with impaired immune,
respiratory, and neurological systems are especially vulnerable to poor indoor
environmental conditions. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with allergies,
asthma or chemical sensitivities are also at increased risk of suffering adverse health
effects from compromised indoor environmental quality.
Credit Goals
• For mechanically ventilated buildings, develop ventilation systems that result in an air change
effectiveness (Eac) greater than or equal to 0.9 as determined by ASHRAE 129-1997. For naturally
ventilated spaces demonstrate a distribution and laminar flow pattern that involves not less than 90%
of the room or zone area in the direction of air flow for at least 95% of hours of occupancy.
• Areas not totaling in excess of 25% of total building area may be excluded where a) air distribution
design is mandated and/or restricted by code (such as operating suites, negative pressure rooms,
burn rooms, soiled utility rooms and some other critical care rooms) or for b) unoccupied spaces
(such as storage and mechanicals areas) or c) spaces with no supply distribution.
Documentation
a
OR
a
OR
a
For mechanically ventilated spaces, provide calculations demonstrating that the design achieves
air change effectiveness (Eac) of 0.9 or greater in each ventilated zone. Complete the table
summarizing the air change effectiveness achieved for each zone.
For mechanically ventilated spaces, compile evidence that the design complies with the
recommended design approaches in ASHRAE 2001 Fundamentals Chapter 32, Space Air
Diffusion.
For naturally ventilated spaces, compile evidence that the design provides effective ventilation in
at least 90% of each room or zone area in the direction of airflow for at least 95% of the hours of
occupancy. Include a table summarizing the airflow simulation results for each zone. Include
sketches indicating the airflow pattern for each zone.
Reference Standards
ASHRAE Standard 129-1997.
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EQ Credit 2 continued
Increase Ventilation Effectiveness
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the HVAC system and building envelope to optimize air change effectiveness. Air change
effectiveness can be optimized using a variety of ventilation strategies including displacement ventilation,
low-velocity ventilation, plug-flow ventilation such as under floor or near floor delivery, and operable
windows. Test the air change effectiveness of the building after construction.
NOTE: EQ Credits 1 & 2 are undergoing substantial review by the USGBC for LEED- NC v2.2 with a
redirected focus on outdoor air quantities. We are tracking this process and will consider revision of these
credits when the LEED process is complete.
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Construction
Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 3.1
Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction
Intent
Prevent indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction or renovation process to sustain the
comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.
| Health Issues
Protecting indoor air quality is an imperative for health care facilities. Patients with
suppressed immune systems and other underlying chronic diseases or conditions and
staff responsible for performing critical tasks require healthy air. The most common site of
injury associated with airborne pollutants is the lung; acute effects may also include non-
respiratory signs and symptoms, depending on the specific toxicity of the pollutants.
Health impacts associated with construction practices in health care settings are regulated
through Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) policies and procedures in those states
that adopt the AIA Guidelines for Construction of Health Care Facilities (2001 edition), or
most recent update. The Infection Control Risk Assessment, and the Guidelines
themselves, mandate development of construction procedures and practices to minimize
impacts of construction activities on the health of building occupants in adjacent occupied
areas. This credit builds upon the foundation of ICRA procedures to include aspects of
sustainable construction practices that go beyond the current provisions of the Guidelines
or ICRA.
Credit Goals
Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-
occupancy phases of the building as follows:
• Manage the site in conjunction with the Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) procedures
outlined by the Owner and Designer as defined by Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care
Organizations (JCAHO) Environment of Care Standard (EC.3.2.1).
• Containment/isolation: In occupied buildings, seal the construction site with deck-to-deck partitions
and maintain the construction area under negative pressure throughout the entire construction
process. Contain and exhaust odors produced by indoor construction processes (e.g. painting, epoxy
flooring, adhesive and coating applications) to insure that they do not migrate in to occupied areas.
• If air handlers must be used during construction, filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting
Value (MERV) of 8 must be used at each return air grill, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999.
• Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.
• During construction meet or exceed the recommended Design Approaches of the Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for Occupied Buildings
Under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3 and 4.
• Mold & mildew: Prepare a written program to guide actions to prevent mold and mildew growth.
Protect absorptive materials from moisture damage while they are stored on-site and after they are
installed. Immediately remove from site and properly dispose of any materials with stains, mold,
mildew or other evidence of water damage and replace with new, undamaged materials.
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Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction
• VOC absorption: Schedule construction procedures to minimize exposure of absorbent materials to
VOC emissions. For example, complete "wet" construction procedures such as painting and sealing
before storing or installing "dry" absorbent materials such as carpet or ceiling tiles. These absorptive
materials act as a "sink", retaining contaminants and releasing them over time. Store fuels, solvents
and other sources of VOCs separately from absorbent materials.
• For painting equipment, develop a plan requiring use of high-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) paint guns
and implement the plan when painting equipment is used.
• Maximize use of no or low-VOC emitting construction materials (see EQ Credit 4).
• Pests: Use integrated pest management (IPM) practices (see EQ Credit 5.4 Integrated Pest
Management).
• Dust control: use dustless sanding techniques with tools equipped to collect dust. Utilize non-toxic,
dustless housekeeping protocols. Comply with GS 37 for cleaning products (see EQ Credit 5.3). Seal
ducts during transportation, delivery, and construction to prevent accumulation of construction dust
and construction debris inside ducts.
• Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control: Prevent exposure of building occupants, workers and
systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Designate "smoking areas" on the construction site.
Locate exterior designated smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes and
operable windows.
• Noise Control: Coordinate equipment locations and timing or sequencing of work operations to
minimize particularly disruptive, high decibel operations or equipment noise from disturbance of
building occupants and workers. Prohibit radios, boom boxes and other noise making equipment in
areas where sound may disturb adjoining space occupants.
Documentation
Q Compile, implement and maintain a written Construction IAQ Management Plan highlighting the
SMACNA requirements.
Q Compile technical data on filtration media, listing each air filter used during construction and at
the end of construction. Include the MERV value, manufacturer name and model number.
Q Maintain a copy of the ICRA developed for the project, highlighting these and any additional
measures used to minimize the impact of construction on adjacent areas.
Q Prepare specifications requiring use of high-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) paint guns and
certification by an authorized party that plan was implemented, as applicable.
Q Document the design approaches of SMACNA IAQ Guideline for Occupied Buildings Under
Construction, Chapter 3, which were used during building construction. Include a brief
description of some of the important design approaches employed.
Q Document the management approaches of SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings
Under Construction, Chapter 4, which were used during building construction.
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Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction
Reference Standards
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for
Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 1995.
Duct Cleanliness for New Construction Guidelines, 2000.
NIOSH Publication No. 99-113: Control of Drywall Sanding Dust Exposures.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Adopt an IAQ Management Plan to protect the HVAC system during construction, control pollutant
sources and interrupt contamination pathways. Sequence the installation of materials to avoid
contamination of absorptive materials such as insulation, carpeting, ceiling tile and gypsum wall board.
Coordinate with Indoor Environmental Quality Credits 3.2 and 5.2 and install only a single set of final
filtration media.
Containment-Area Ventilation and Exhaust:
• Do not use building air handling systems serving area of containment for ventilation or exhaust
during odor causing processes. Units serving adjacent areas may remain in operation provided
they are fully isolated from odor causing areas.
• In renovation areas, keep units that serve occupied areas outside of the construction area in
service. On systems to remain in service, seal ductwork openings into the construction area to
isolate them from occupied areas. Adjust fan systems or provide temporary relief for excess air
from openings sealed. Ensure existing facilities and systems are not adversely impacted by
temporary HVAC procedures.
• Provide temporary ventilation and exhaust to areas of containment, separate from building
systems.
• Prepare temporary ventilation and exhaust systems to maintain a negative pressure relationship
in the construction area relative to the adjacent space. Provide a minimum ventilation of six air
changes per hour.
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Construction
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Environmental Quality
EQ Credit 3.2
Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy
Intent
Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction or renovation process to sustain the
comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.
| Health Issues
The indoor air quality impacts of recently installed construction materials are well
documented. Many wet products, such as paints, adhesives, varnishes, and sealants, off-
gas considerable levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for months after
application, but particularly in the 7-14 day period following their initial installation. These
may result in a variety of health effects in patients and health care workers, including
headaches and respiratory symptoms. Many of the products of particular concern are
finish materials, which are on the site late in the construction process, shortly before
intended occupancy dates. The American Society of Health Care Engineering
recommends SMACNA-based IAQ procedures.
Credit Goals
Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the pre-occupancy phase of the
building as follows:
• After construction ends and prior to occupancy conduct a minimum two week building flush-out with
new filtration media at 100% outside air. After the flushout, replace the filtration media with new
filtration media, except for the filters solely processing outside air.
OR
After construction ends and prior to occupancy conduct a baseline indoor air quality testing procedure
that demonstrates that the concentration levels for the chemical contaminants listed below are not
exceeded. For each sampling point where the maximum concentration limits are exceeded conduct a
partial building flush-out, for a minimum of two weeks, then retest the specific parameter(s) that were
exceeded to indicate the goals are achieved. Repeat procedure until all goals have been met.
Chemical Contaminate
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) *
Formaldehyde
Particulates(PMIO)
Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)
4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Maximum Concentration
8,300 x MET Rate / Ventilation Rate
0.05 parts per million
20 micrograms per cubic meter above
outside air conditions
500 micrograms per cubic meter
3 micrograms per cubic meter (only
required if carpet or fabric installed
with SB latex backing)
9 part per million and no greater than
2 parts per million above outdoor
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Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy
CO2 measurements are only required if the building is regularly occupied during the testing. The
ventilation rate is the outdoor air requirement per person, and the CO2 measurement is the differential
between indoor and outdoor conditions based on occupancy type as defined by ASHRAE 62-2001 . The
MET Rate is as defined in ASHRAE 55.
• The air sample testing shall be conducted as follows:
• Air samples collected for every 25,000 square feet, or for each contiguous floor area, whichever
is greater.
• Measurements to be conducted with the building ventilation system starting at normal daily start
time and operated at the minimum outside air flow rate for the occupied mode throughout
duration of the air testing.
• Building shall be fully finished and unoccupied. Furniture can be included in the testing if desired
but it is not required.
• Test with time weight values of 4 hours with data logging.
• When retesting non-complying building areas, take samples from the same locations as in first
test.
Documentation
Q Document the building flush-out procedures, including actual dates for building flush out.
OR
AND
Document that the referenced standard's IAQ testing protocol has been followed. Include a copy
of the testing results.
Prepare the ICRA for the project, highlighting these and any additional measures used to
minimize the impact of construction on adjacent areas.
Reference Standards
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for
Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 1995.
Duct Cleanliness for New Construction Guidelines, 2000.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specification of low-emitting materials as per Environmental Quality Credit 4 will improve potential for
early passage of baseline testing. Coordinate with Environmental Quality Credits 3.1 and 5.1 and install
only a single set of final filtration media. For IAQ testing consider using a recognized measurement
protocol such as the EPA "Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air."
Copies of the IAQ testing results should describe the contaminant sampling and analytical methods, the
locations and duration of contaminant samples, the field sampling log sheets and laboratory analytical
data and the methods and results utilized to determine that the ventilation system was started at the
normal daily start time and operated at the minimum outside air flow rate for the occupied mode through
the duration of the air testing.
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Construction
Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 4.1
Low-Emitting Materials: Interior Adhesives & Sealants
Intent
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentially irritating and/or harmful to the
comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.
| Health Issues
Volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) from adhesives and sealants contribute to
lowering indoor and outdoor air quality and negatively affecting human health. These
VOCs and the carcinogens and reproductive toxicants addressed by this credit represent
a serious health risk to both the installers and the building occupants. The at-risk
populations in a health care system with impaired immune, respiratory, and neurological
systems are particularly vulnerable to poor indoor environmental conditions. Children,
pregnant women, the elderly, and those with allergies, asthma or chemical sensitivities are
also at increased risk of suffering adverse health effects from poor indoor environmental
quality.
Credit Goals
• Use only adhesives and sealants with volatile organic compound (VOC) content that does not exceed
the lower of the current VOC content limits of:
• South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168
AND
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAQMD) Regulation 8, Rule 51
EXCEPT FOR
• flat sealants which must not exceed 50 grams/liter (SCAQMD 2008 level)
AND
• aerosol adhesives which must meet Green Seal Standard GC-36 requirements
Note that the California Air Quality Management District rules reduce allowable limits overtime. SCAQMD
has the lowest limits as of this writing but that is subject to change. Consult the links below to assure you
are using the current limits.
• Use only adhesives and sealants with no carcinogen or reproductive toxicant components present at
more than 1% of total mass of the product as defined in the following lists:
• CA OEHHA, Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65).
• CA Air Resources Board (ARB), list of Toxic Air Contaminants (California Air Toxics).
Documentation
Q Compile a list of adhesives and sealants used in the building and manufacturer verification that
they meet the noted goals.
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Low-Emitting Materials: Interior Adhesives & Sealants
Reference Standards
Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 51 & Rule 3,
http://www.baaqmd.gov/dst/regulations/index.asp.
CA Air Resources Board (ARB), list of Toxic Air Contaminants (California Air Toxics),
http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/summarv/summarv.htm.
Green Seal Commercial Adhesives (GS-36)
http://www.greenseal.org/standards/commercialadhesives.htm.
CA OEHHA, Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65),
http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65 list/Newlist.html.
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1113,
http://www.agmd.gov/rules/reg/reg11/r1113.pdf.
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168,
http://www.agmd.gov/rules/reg/reg11/r1168.pdf.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify low-VOC and non carcinogenic, non toxic materials in construction documents, including furniture
and equipment specifications. Ensure that VOC and carcinogen/toxicant component limits are clearly
stated in each section where adhesives and sealants are addressed.
VOC content has serious limitations as a predictor of emissions. Emissions testing protocols are
beginning to evolve to evaluate building materials and products. Ask distributors for products with actual
emission testing from protocols such as CA 1350 or GreenGuard. This standard will evolve in that
direction as more tested products enter the marketplace.
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Construction
Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 4.2
Low-Emitting Materials: Wall & Ceiling Finishes
Intent
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentially irritating and/or harmful to the
comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.
| Health Issues
Volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) from paints wall coverings, acoustical wall
treatments, wood paneling systems, ceiling tiles contribute to lowering indoor and outdoor
air quality and negatively affecting human health. VOCs, carcinogens and reproductive
toxicants represent a serious health risk to both the installers and the building occupants.
The at-risk populations in a health care system with impaired immune, respiratory, and
neurological systems are particularly vulnerable to poor indoor environmental conditions.
Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with allergies, asthma or chemical
sensitivities are also at increased risk of suffering adverse health effects from poor indoor
environmental quality.
Credit Goals
• Paints and coating used on the interior of the building and applied on-site must not exceed the VOC
limits and must not include any of the chemical components limited or restricted by the most current
version (unless otherwise noted) of the following standards:
• Topcoat Paints: Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints.
• Anti-Corrosive & Anti-Rust Paints: Green Seal Standard GS-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, for
applications on ferrous metal substrates.
• All other Architectural Coatings, Primers and Undercoats: South Coast Air Quality Management
District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, rules in effect for 1/1/2008.
• Bay Area Air Quality Management (BAQMD) District Regulation 8, Rule 3.
• When ceiling tiles and or wall coverings are used instead of paint, use only products that:
• Meet or exceed the indoor air quality requirements of California's Special Environmental
Requirements, Specifications Section 01350, updated with California DHS Standard Practice
CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 and using the standard office building protocol parameters.
OR
• Are certified by GreenGuard.
Documentation
Q Compile a list of paints and coatings used in the building and identify manufacturer
documentation declaring that they comply with the current VOC and chemical component limits of
the credit goals. Listing on the Green Seal Certified Products List or the CHPS Low-Emitting
Materials Compliant Materials Table is sufficient.
Q Compile documentation indicating that wall covering and ceiling tile products have been tested for
compliance with the credit goals. Some tested wall covering and tile products are listed in the
CHPS Low-Emitting Materials Compliant Materials Table.
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Low-Emitting Materials: Wall & Ceiling Finishes
Reference Standards
Green Seal Paint Standard GS-11 & GS-03, http://www.greenseal.org/standards/paints.htm.
Green Seal Certified Products List, www.greenseal.org/certproducts.htmtfpaints.
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113,
http://www.agmd.gov/rules/reg/reg11/r1113.pdf.
Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 3,
www.baagmd.gov/dst/regulations/index.asp.
Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS), Section 01350 Special Environmental
Requirements, www.chps.net/manual/documents/Sec 01350.doc.
DHS Standard Practice CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174, www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/deodc/ehlb/iag/VOCS/Practice.htm.
CHPS Low-Emitting Materials Compliant Materials Table, www.chps.net/manual/lem table.htm.
GreenGuard, www.greenguard.org.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify low- and no-VOC paints and coatings in construction documents, including furniture and
equipment specifications. Ensure that Green Seal's Standard GS-11 VOC and other chemical limits are
clearly stated in each section where paints and coatings are addressed.
GreenSeal Class A paints are lowest toxic content with no VOCs. Use Class A wherever possible.
VOC content has serious limitations as a predictor of emissions. Emissions testing protocols are
beginning to evolve to evaluate building materials and products. Ask distributors for products with actual
emission testing from protocols such as CA 1350 or GreenGuard. This standard will evolve in that
direction as more tested products enter the marketplace.
Avoid paints with added antimicrobials.
Avoid field applied painting entirely by using pre-finished metals.
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Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 4.3
Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems
Intent
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentially irritating and/or harmful to the
comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.
| Health Issues
Volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) from flooring systems contribute to lowering
indoor and outdoor air quality and negatively affecting human health. These VOCs and the
carcinogens and reproductive toxicants that are also limited here represent a serious
health risk to both the installers and the building occupants. The at-risk populations in a
health care system with impaired immune, respiratory, and neurological systems are
particularly vulnerable to poor indoor environmental conditions. Children, pregnant
women, the elderly, and those with allergies, asthma or chemical sensitivities are also at
increased risk of suffering adverse health effects from poor indoor environmental quality.
Latex backings are restricted in this credit also due to potential allergenic reactions and
the growing problem of latex sensitivities in health care settings for staff and patients.
Credit Goals
• Use only carpet and resilient flooring systems that meet or exceed the indoor air quality requirements
of:
• California's Special Environmental Requirements, Specifications Section 01350, updated with
California DHS Standard Practice CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 and using the standard office building
protocol parameters.
OR
• The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) "Green Label Plus".
• Testing should be done on whole assemblies of flooring with the adhesive, if any, that will be utilized
in the installation.
• Use only adhesives and sealants with no carcinogen or reproductive toxicant components present at
more than 1% of total mass of the product as defined in the following lists:
• CA OEHHA, Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65).
• CA Air Resources Board (ARE), list of Toxic Air Contaminants (California Air Toxics).
• Use only carpets with no natural rubber latex in the backing.
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EQ Credit 4.3 continued
Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation that all the carpet and resilient flooring systems have been tested by an
independent indoor air quality testing laboratory and modeled to comply with the Section 1350
Reference Specifications for Energy and Resource Efficiency indoor air quality requirements as
established by the State of California for the standard office building or one with similar size,
ventilation and loading. Assure that tests have been performed within the last twelve months.
Listing on the CHPS Low-Emitting Materials Compliant Materials Table or the Carpet and Rug
Institute (CRI) "Green Label Plus" listing may be accepted in replacement for actual test data.
Q Obtain documentation that all adhesives and sealants do not exceed the content limits for
carcinogenic or reproductive toxicant substances.
Q Obtain documentation that all carpets do not include natural rubber latex in the backing.
Reference Standards
Collaborative for High Performance Schools, Section 01350 Special Environmental Requirements,
http://www.chps.net/manual/documents/Sec 01350.doc.
DHS Standard Practice CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/deodc/ehlb/iaq/VOCS/Practice.htm.
CA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Chronic Reference Exposure Limits
(REL), www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic rels/AIIChrels.html.
CHPS Low-Emitting Materials Compliant Materials Table, www.chps.net/manual/lem table.htm.
"Green Label Plus" Carpet Testing Program - Approved Products,
www.carpet-rug.com/News/040614 GLP.cfm.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify low-VOC carpet and resilient flooring products and systems in construction documents. Ensure
that all carcinogenic or reproductive toxicant and other VOC limits are clearly stated where carpet and
resilient flooring systems are addressed.
The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) "Green Label Plus" program uses most aspects of the 1350 protocol,
with the exception of the 1350 stipulation to report out actual chemical concentrations - it is purely a pass-
fail based upon a standard office building specification.
Give preference to materials tested by an independent lab in accordance with "Green Label Plus" or using
California DHS Standard Practice CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 for office buildings. If using the "Green Label
Plus" certified materials, consider requiring submission of the actual test data from the manufacturer to
inform material comparisons.
Note: GreenGuard also provides an evaluation standard for resilient floorings. The GGHC Steering
committee is monitoring the debate about the relative efficacy of the 01350 standard and GreenGuard
standards and will adjust this credit appropriately as that debate transpires.
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Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 4.4
Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Insulation
Intent
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, potentially irritating and/or harmful to the
comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.
| Health Issues
Formaldehyde (HCHO) emissions from casework and other composite wood contribute to
lowering indoor and outdoor air quality and negatively affecting human health.
Formaldehyde is listed by the U.S. EPA as a probable human carcinogen and by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety as a workplace carcinogen. Formaldehyde
exposure can result in a range of health effects to both installers and building occupants
including: irritation to the mucous membranes, including the eyes and respiratory tract;
sensitization resulting in asthma symptoms (e.g., wheezing and chest congestion) and
skin reactions; and carcinogenicity. The at-risk populations in a health care system with
impaired immune, respiratory, and neurological systems are particularly vulnerable to poor
indoor environmental conditions. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with
allergies, asthma or chemical sensitivities are also at increased risk of suffering adverse
health effects from poor indoor environmental quality.
Credit Goals
• Composite wood and agrifiber products, including core materials, and insulation must contain no
added urea-formaldehyde resins. Adhesives used to fabricate laminated in field- and shop-fabricated
assemblies containing these products must contain no urea-formaldehyde.
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation, confirming that all the composite wood, casework, fiberglass, insulation
(both acoustic and thermal), agrifiber products and furniture finishes used in the building contain
no added urea-formaldehyde resins.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Review the MSDS and other printed literature accompanying building materials and products, especially
for composite wood products, casework, fiberglass products, insulation (both acoustic and thermal)
agriboard products, and furniture finishes to ensure that no added urea-formaldehyde was used in the
products' manufacture. Specify and use urea-formaldehyde-free substitutes that achieve equal or
superior performance.
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Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 4.5
Low-Emitting Materials: Furniture & Medical Furnishings
Intent
Reduce the use of furniture including medical furnishings that may release indoor air contaminants that
are odorous or potentially irritating and may be deleterious to installer and occupant health, comfort and
well-being.
| Health Issues
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other chemical emissions from furniture systems
contribute to lowering indoor and outdoor air quality and negatively affect human health.
These VOCs and the carcinogens and reproductive toxicants that are also limited here
represent a serious health risk to both the installers and the building occupants. Urea
formaldehyde is targeted as an issue of particular concern as a widely used resin that is a
known carcinogen and also poses respiratory and allergic health risks. An increasing body
of evidence likewise points to an association of asthma and other bronchial problems with
exposure to phthalates, in addition to their known reproductive system hazards.
In addition, several persistent bioaccumulative toxicants often used in furniture products
are being found at levels of concern in the general population and are raising serious
health concerns. There is growing evidence that many of the brominated flame retardants
(BFRs) used to counteract the high flammability of plastics have toxic properties in animal
studies akin to chlorinated persistent bioaccumulative toxicants such as dioxin and PCBs,
including immune suppression, endocrine disruption, nervous system disorders, and
cancer. Of particular concern are the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) widely
used in furnishings. Likewise the perflourochemicals (PFCs) used directly in the
manufacture of many stain protection and non stick treatments, most notably
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), or resulting as a breakdown product, are showing up in
human blood samples in increasing frequency and are demonstrating a parallel broad
range of toxicological effects in animal studies.
The at-risk populations in a health care system, including children, pregnant women, the
elderly, and those with allergies, asthma, chemical sensitivities or otherwise impaired
immune, respiratory, and neurological systems are particularly vulnerable to poor indoor
environmental conditions.
Credit Goals
• Select a minimum of 40% (by cost) of all furniture and medical furnishings (including mattresses,
foams, panel fabrics and other textiles) that do not contain at least three of the four listed materials:
• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)
• Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
• Urea formaldehyde
• Phthalate plasticizers
OR
• That do not contain at least two of the four listed materials and either:
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Construction
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EQ Credit 4.5 continued
Low-Emitting Materials: Furniture & Medical Furnishings
• Meet or exceed the indoor air quality requirements of California's Special Environmental
Requirements, Specifications Section 01350, and using the standard office building protocol
parameters. (Note: at the release of Version 2.0 the 01350 standard is not yet applicable to
furniture. California DHS is in the process of establishing a Standard Practice for furniture. This
goal will not be applicable until that time.)
OR
• Are certified by GreenGuard.
• Prepare specification language identifying the BFR free goal to the furniture dealer/contractor for the
aforementioned material categories and indicating that review of material content will be a criterion in
all substitution reviews.
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation listing product description (all components) and complete matrix indicating
how many of the criteria are met for each furnishing group.
Q If applicable, obtain test results of the furniture assemblies tested in accordance with the noted
CA 01350 protocol or GreenGuard indicating that the emissions limits have not been exceeded.
Test results must be current within twelve (12) months of the project specification, and must be
dated and signed by an officer of the independent laboratory where the testing was conducted,
Reference Standards
Collaborative for High Performance Schools, Section 01350 Special Environmental Requirements,
http://www.chps.net/manual/documents/Sec 01350.doc.
CA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Chronic Reference Exposure Limits
(REL), http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic rels/AIIChrels.html.
Testing Requirements For Volatile Organic Compound Emissions, DCS Environmental Specifications for
Office Furniture Systems, http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Specs/Furniture/.
GreenGuard, www.greenguard.org.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Ensure that the material limitations plus the VOC and other chemical limit standards of the 01350
specification and GreenGuard are clearly stated in each section where furniture is specified.
BFRs are rarely listed on material sheets and PFCs are most commonly used as a process chemical or
are a break down product, so show up as a contaminant rather than a final ingredient. Determining
association of these chemicals with furniture may require direct discussion with manufacturers. PFCs are
used most commonly in common stain and non-stick treatments, including Scotchguard®, Teflon®,
Stainmaster®, Scotchban®, and Zonyl®.
Avoid all brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including not only PBDEs, but also TBBPA, HBCD and
others. One potential strategy is to specify seating with mesh and no foam to meet the PBDE-free goal.
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1 point EQ Credit 4.6
LowEmitting Materials: Exterior Applied Products
Intent
Protect installers and building occupants and safeguard air quality resulting from exposure to hazardous
and/or odorous substances used during construction.
| Health Issues
Health care construction rarely occurs on undeveloped sites remote from ongoing existing
operations. In most instances, construction operations are proximate to existing
operational health care facilities, where construction practices have health impacts on
adjacent building occupants and building system performance.
There are potential hazards associated with the installation of roofing and solvent-based
materials, including hot-applied materials, such as coal tar and asphalt roofing and
waterproofing bitumens as well as VOC emissions from single-ply systems. These
potential hazards contribute to lowering indoor and outdoor air quality and represent a
serious health risk to both the installers and the building occupants. The at-risk
populations in a health care system with impaired immune, respiratory, and neurological
systems are particularly vulnerable to poor indoor environmental conditions. Children,
pregnant women, the elderly, and those with allergies, asthma or chemical sensitivities are
also at increased risk of suffering adverse health effects from poor indoor environmental
quality.
Credit Goals
• Specify and use coatings, roofing and waterproofing materials that meet or are lower than the VOC
limits of Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 51 & Rule 3.
• Contain or eliminate through material selection, odors, fumes, vapors or other emissions produced by
outdoor construction processes (i.e., bituminous roofing and waterproofing) from infiltrating occupied
areas. Comply with procedures established by NIOSH Publication No. 2003-112: Asphalt Fume
Exposures During the Application of Hot Asphalt to Roofs.
Documentation
Q Prepare a written containment plan for isolating potentially hazardous or odorous substances
occurring during construction to insure that they do not migrate in occupied areas and evidence of
implementation.
Q Obtain a cut sheet and a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each material used in the
building highlighting VOC limits.
Reference Standards
Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 51 & Rule 3,
http://www.baaqmd.gov/dst/regulations/index.asp.
NIOSH Publication No. 2003-112: Asphalt Fume Exposures During the Application of Hot Asphalt to
Roofs.
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Construction
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EQ Credit 4.6 continued
Low-Emitting Materials: Exterior Applied Products
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Periodically monitor outdoor air quality at intakes during construction to insure that outdoor air
contaminants are not entering the building systems. Routinely inspect air intakes and plenums leading to
work area. Establish containment barriers to isolate the work area from occupied areas. Seal all openings
between contained areas and adjacent areas, including but not limited to windows, doorways, elevator
openings, corridor entrances, drains, grates and skylights, with exceptions of the means of entry and exit.
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Construction
Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 5.1
Chemical & Pollutant Source Control: Outdoor
Intent
Avoid exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous outdoor soils and pollutants that adversely
impact air quality and human health.
| Health Issues
Hospitals are particularly vulnerable to indoor air quality threats, as many patients are
immuno-compromised and have increased chemical susceptibilities. Indoor air pollution
often begins with unintended outdoor pollutants penetrating the building envelope. Health
care buildings are highly trafficked, with large numbers of staff and visitors entering the
building. Vehicular traffic patterns often include idling vehicles near major entryways.
Credit Goals
Design to minimize pollutant contamination of regularly occupied areas due to exterior factors:
• Specify textured paving for outside approaches in accordance with accessibility and safety protocols,
so that soils are scraped off shoes prior to entering building.
• Employ permanent entryway systems (grilles, grates, etc) to capture dirt, particulates, etc. from
entering the building at all high volume entryways and, at a minimum, removable entryway systems at
all entrances. Develop the associated cleaning, maintenance and replacement strategies to maintain
those entryway systems.
• Establish all HVAC equipment air intakes a minimum distance from the following sources and a
minimum of 10 feet above finish grade:
• Minimum of 50' from loading docks, ambulance bays, and entrances where vehicles are arriving
or leaving. Prohibit idling in these locations.
• Minimum of 50' from loading docks, ambulance bays, and entrances where vehicles are arriving
or leaving. Prohibit idling in these locations.
• Minimum of 50' from vegetation/ landscape subject to pesticide or herbicide applications
• Minimum of 100' from helipads.
• Minimum of 50' from designated smoking areas (see EQ Prereq 1).
• Minimum of 50' from other sources of potential air contaminants.
Documentation
Q Compile a building plan showing all high volume entryways of installed permanent entryway
systems (grilles, grates, etc).
Q Compile a building plan indicating location of all fresh air intakes and their distances from all
sources of exterior contaminants.
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EQ Credit 5.1 continued
Chemical & Pollutant Source Control: Outdoor
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Minimize introduction of dirt with appropriately sized, recessed metal grating or similar entryway system
within vestibules. Install additional "walk-off mats" in entryways to prevent dirt from entering the building.
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Construction
Environmental Quality
1 point EQ Credit 5.2
Chemical & Pollutant Source Control: Indoor
Intent
Avoid exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous indoor pollutants and chemicals that
adversely impact air quality and human health.
| Health Issues
Hospitals are particularly vulnerable to indoor air quality threats, as many patients are
immuno-compromised and have increased chemical susceptibilities. Equally important,
the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) has
expressed increasing concern over growing respiratory issues among health care
workers. JCAHO has identified indoor chemical pollutants as a contributing factor to
indoor air quality issues, including photocopiers, glutaraldehyde and ethylene oxide
sterilants, xylene, aerosolized medication distribution systems, anesthetic gases,
chemotherapeutic agents, latex, cleaners and floor finishes.
Credit Goals
Design to minimize pollutant cross-contamination of regularly occupied spaces:
• Where chemical use occurs (including soiled utility areas, sterilization areas, housekeeping areas and
copier areas), establish segregated areas with deck to deck partitions and separate outside exhaust
of at least 0.50 CFM per square foot, (for rooms containing disinfectant and sterilant applications,
provide minimum 12 air changes/hour) no air re-circulation and maintain a negative pressure
compared with the surrounding spaces of at least an average of 5 Pa (0.02 inches of water gauge)
and with a minimum of 1 Pa (0.004 inches of water) when the door(s) to the room(s) are closed.
• Establish regularly occupied areas of the building with new air filtration media prior to occupancy that
provide a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13 or better.
Documentation
Q Compile a building plan showing all rooms where chemical mixing occurs, and that all chemical
use areas and copy rooms have been physically separated with deck to deck partitions;
independent exhaust ventilation has been installed at 0.50 cfm/square foot (for rooms containing
disinfectant and sterilant applications, a minimum of 12 air changes/hour shall be provided) and
that a negative pressure differential has been achieved.
Q Compile a listing of each filter that must be installed prior to occupancy including the MERV
requirements value, manufacturer name and model number.
Q Include review of equipment locations as part of the initial building commissioning plan.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Isolate potential pollution sources through separate zoning of areas where contaminants are generated.
Locate copiers, fax machines and other office equipment in spaces with direct exhaust ventilation. In
diagnostic and treatment areas, include utility rooms with negative pressure and direct exhaust to
accommodate sterilization systems and other medical equipment that require chemical use.
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1 point EQ Credit 6.1
Controllability of Systems: Lighting
Intent
Provide a high level of temperature and ventilation or lighting system control by individual occupants, or
by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., holding and recovery areas, treatment spaces, patient
rooms), to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
| Health Issues
Building occupants' health is directly impacted by the degree of control that individuals can
exercise over their immediate environment. Given the wide range and variety of
individuals receiving care, patient or resident control cannot be extended to all elements of
the physical environment. Because the sense of loss of control can be disturbing and
stressful to patients or residents and their family members, every effort should be made to
allow individual control over as many elements of the environment as possible and
reasonable, including but not limited to temperature, lighting, and privacy. Control over
lighting, window treatments, and temperature directly impacts the quality of the experience
of the interior environment. Occupant control of ventilation or air flow may conflict with
regulatory requirements for ventilation rates and pressurization in health care
environments.
Credit Goals
• Provide individual lighting controls for 90% of the building occupants. Automatic daylight dimming
controls must be provided for permanently installed lighting that is within 15 feet inside of and 2 feet
to either side of all windows and 10 feet around skylights and 10 feet from the exterior face of
clerestories.
Documentation
Q Compile controls schematic drawings demonstrating that the required lighting controls are
provided.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building with occupant controls for temperature and lighting. Strategies to consider include
lighting controls, task lighting, operable windows where practical, and thermostats.
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Construction
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1 point in addition to EQ Credit 6.1 EQ Credit 6.2
Controllability of Systems: Thermal & Ventilation
Intent
Provide a high level of temperature and ventilation or lighting system control by individual occupants, or
by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., holding and recovery areas, treatment spaces, patient
rooms), to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
| Health Issues
The health of building occupants is directly impacted by the degree of control that
individuals can exercise over their immediate environment. Control over temperature
directly impacts the quality of the experience of the interior environment. Studies have
shown that occupant control over the immediate thermal environment positively impacts
patient and staff satisfaction, while decreasing overall energy consumption.
Occupant control of ventilation or air flow may conflict with regulatory requirements for
ventilation rates and pressurization in health care facilities.
Credit Goals
• Establish individual temperature and ventilation controls for 50% of the occupants. Operable windows
can be used in lieu of individual controls for areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side
of the operable part of the window. The areas of operable window must meet the requirements of
ASHRAE 62-2001, paragraph 5.1.
Documentation
Q Compile controls schematic drawings demonstrating the required individual ventilation and
temperature controls are provided.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building with occupant controls for airflow, temperature and lighting. Strategies to consider
include underfloor HVAC systems with individual diffusers, displacement ventilation systems and
operable windows.
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1 point
Environmental Quality
EQ Credit 7
Continuous Comfort Monitoring System
Intent
Provide a thermally comfortable environment that supports the productivity and well-being of building
occupants.
Health Issues
Occupant comfort is an essential component of healthy and productive indoor
environments. By optimizing thermal control, including humidity control, there are
documented improvements in occupant health, including improved respiratory function,
and reduced mold and mildew growth. This is particularly important in hospitals, where
patients are likely to have suppressed immune systems or other illnesses that make them
more vulnerable to poor indoor environmental conditions.
Credit Goals
• Provide a permanent monitoring system to ensure thermal comfort criteria as determined by EQ
Prerequisite 4 Thermal Comfort - Compliance.
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation that identifies the comfort criteria, strategy for ensuring performance to the
comfort criteria, description of the permanent monitoring system implemented, and process for
corrective action as may be appropriate.
Q Verify that the temperature and humidity controls were (or will be) tested as part of the scope of
work for Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite 1, Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning.
Include the document name and section number where the commissioning work is listed.
Reference Standards
ASHRAE Standard 55-2004
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Develop a strategy and implement systematic monitoring of the actual performance of the building to the
comfort criteria selected per IEQ Credit 7.1. As appropriate, monitoring may include measurement and
trending of temperatures, relative humidity or air speed selected according to their variability and impact
on occupant comfort, or annual validation of continued performance to the selected comfort criteria
conducted per ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Section 7 Validation of the Thermal Environment.
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Construction
5 points
Environmental Quality
EQ Credit 8.1
Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces
Intent
Provide building occupants with a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors by introducing
daylight and views into the building's regularly occupied areas.
Health Issues
Americans now spend almost 90% of their time indoors. Increasingly, studies are
beginning to postulate and link a range of health issues with inadequate exposure to light
or inappropriate light-dark cycles. The distinction between daylit and electrically lit spaces
is much more significant than is often acknowledged: daylight intensity levels are in the
range of 10,000 to 40,000 lux, while a brightly lit interior averages between 300 and 500
lux. Daylight changes and modulates not only in intensity but also in spectrum and creates
cues for the passage of time with continuously changing shadow patterns.
Benefits of natural light in hospitals and health care facilities include improved
physiological and psychological states for both patients and staff. Studies show that
daylighting can reduce the stress experienced by caregivers, patients and families.
Studies also indicate that daylighting can reduce post surgical recovery time. Moreover, in
certain illnesses, the human biological clock or the circadian system plays an important
role in maintaining the well-being of the individual by alleviating depression, improving
night sleep quality, alertness and performance quality. In Alzheimer's patients, for
example, exposure to bright lights during the day consolidates night time sleep, which in
turn reduces the stress on caregivers. "ICU psychosis", a state of delirium experienced in
critical care environments, is dramatically reduced when spaces are daylit.
Daylighting in long term care facilities is beneficial in maintaining calcium levels, sleep
patterns among elderly, and higher ambient lighting levels required for the aging eye
(glare should be prevented). Recent studies have linked the quality of light to the quality
of life for frail elderly.
Credit Goals
Diagnostic and Treatment Areas: Establish the following planning thresholds to provide access to
daylight for regularly occupied space as follows. Using the table below that corresponds to overall
floor plate area; design the building to provide the following percentages of area within 15 feet of a
window on the perimeter. Courtyards or atria with a minimum width of 10 feet per vertical story
qualify as perimeter. This calculation is based upon a percentage of total floor area (building GSF),
and is independent of function or layout. If the perimeter varies between stories, the total floor area
can be used and averaged (for example: in a 2 story building of 14,000 sf per floor, one story at 40%
and one story at 80% would average to 60%, achieving 2 points in the "below 20,000 sf" category):
Criteria percent of total floor area
within 15' of perimeter window by total size
Point
Total
1 point
2 points
3 points
Below
20,000 sf
48%
56%
64%
20,000 to
30,000 sf
44%
51%
58%
30,000 to
40,000 sf
40%
46%
52%
40,000 to
50,000 sf
37%
42%
47%
Above
50,000 sf
34%
38%
42%
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EQ Credit 8.1 continued
Daylight & Views: Daylight for Occupied Spaces
• Inpatient Units (2 points): Provide access to daylight on inpatient units as follows:
• 1 point: Provide access to daylight for 90% of patient and public spaces, subject to the following
requirements: In multi-bed rooms, provide a window configuration to ensure that both patients
have visual connection to the outdoors, even when cubicle curtains are closed.
• 1 point: Achieve a Daylight Factor of 2% for 75% of staff occupied areas, including nursing
stations, lounges, conference rooms, etc.
• Distance from exterior walls may be increased if a Daylight Factor of 2% can be maintained at greater
distance from the perimeter through the use of light shelves or other technologies. Glazing in exterior
walls shall be in accordance with Credit 8.2 Views. In perimeter corridor solutions, only the corridor
area will be considered unless spaces adjoining the corridors have glazing in accordance with Credit
8.2. Glazed spaces overlooking atria are exempted from the 2% Daylight Factor goal.
Documentation
Q Compile area calculations that define the percentages achieved and with prediction calculations.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design the building to maximize interior daylighting. Insure compliance with the goal early in the design
process, acknowledging site constraints at the programming stage, when block planning is tested and
initial design parameters are established.
Strategies to consider include building orientation, shallow floor plates, increased building perimeter,
courtyards, atria and light wells. Daylighting efficacy can be improved with use of exterior and interior
permanent shading devices, high performance glazing, light shelves, high performance window
treatments and photo-integrated light sensors. Predict daylighting via calculations or model daylighting
strategies with a physical or computer model to assess foot-candle levels and daylight factors achieved.
Resources
Verderber, S (February, 1983) "Human Response to Daylighting in the Therapeutic Environment." 1983 International
Daylighting Conference. Phoenix, AZ: General Proceedings, pg. 415.
Edwards, L. and Torcellini, P. A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, July, 2002. NREL/TP-550-30769. Chapter 8, Daylighting in Health
Care.
Daylight in Buildings: A Source Book on Daylighting Systems and Components, International Energy Agency Solar
Heating and Cooling Programme, July, 2000, www.iea-shc.org.
Heschong Mahone Group, Daylighting in Schools: An Investigation into the Relationship between Daylight and
Human Performance, A Report to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, August, 1999, www.h-m-g.com.
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1 point EQ Credit 8.2
Daylight & Views: Building Orientation
Intent
Connect patients, visitors, and staff to the natural environment.
Health Issues
Research shows that physical and visual connections to the natural environment (access
to outdoor space, views of nature, natural daylighting) provide social, psychological, and
physical benefits. Such connections also assist in patient recovery and healing, reduce
stress, and improve the overall health care environment. Similar benefits accrue to the
staff, thus leading to improved delivery of services to the patients they serve.
Credit Goals
• Assess the site and surrounding area and develop a master plan for incorporating ways of
experiencing significant natural features (on-site and distant) into the overall site and building
planning. Incorporate nature as an essential element of the building design in order to enhance the
healing process.
Documentation
Q Compile plans demonstrating site planning principles to maximize the experience of significant
natural features for therapeutic value.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Strategies include building orientation and siting, and the siting and layout of all site development
elements (e.g., arrival drive, drop-off, parking, site amenities). Strategies also include window placement
in treatment settings, patient rooms and other therapeutic environments. Identify and prioritize the sites'
natural attributes that are to be protected, conserved, or restored as components of this experience.
Identify microclimates and provide a progression of protective, flexible settings to encourage use
throughout the year.
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1 point EQ Credit 8.3
Daylight & Views: Views for Occupied Spaces
Intent
Provide building occupants with a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors by introducing
daylight and views into the building's regularly occupied areas.
| Health Issues
Views from windows have been cited in medical literature as having psychotherapeutic
qualities through both the visual qualities and natural lighting components; environments
with access to views are often characterized as "more therapeutic" (Vischer 1986;
Verderber 1983). Regulations require that patient sleeping rooms contain windows, with
some exceptions. Aside from these areas, there are virtually no additional regulations that
mandate light and views for occupied spaces in health care settings, despite the evidence
based research concerning the benefits.
Credit Goals
• Establish direct line of sight to vision glazing for building occupants in 90% of all staff occupied areas
including offices, corridors, nursing stations, break rooms, cafeterias, and lobbies.
• Areas directly connected to perimeter windows must have a glazing-to-floor area ratio of at least
0.07. Parts of the floor area with horizontal view angles of less than 10 degrees at 50 inches
above the floor cannot be included in this calculation. End of corridor windows fulfill the goal for
unobstructed length of the corridor.
• Spaces not directly connected to perimeter windows must have a horizontal view angle of less
than 10 degrees at 50 inches above the floor involving 50% or more of the room area. If the room
meets these goals then the entire room area is considered to meet the view goal.
• Exceptions to the goals include diagnostic and treatment rooms (if controlled environment
prohibits introduction of natural light), copy rooms, storage areas, utility rooms, mechanical, and
laundry rooms.
Documentation
Q Compile diagrams describing and demonstrating that the building occupants in 90% of regularly
occupied spaces will have direct lines of site to perimeter glazing.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Implement design strategies to provide line of sight access to exterior, such as glazing in corridors,
borrowed light vision panels between perimeter spaces and building core areas.
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1 point EQ Credit 8.4
Daylight & Views: Lighting & Circadian Rhythm
Intent
Improve alertness levels, work performance, staff satisfaction and health, and reduce medical errors, by
providing lighting systems based on circadian rhythm.
| Health Issues
While health care facilities often focus on public space lighting, the actual interior
treatment areas and working environments are often overlooked. During the day, lighting
in staff work areas fails to stimulate work performance, and during the night the lighting
fails to support high levels of alertness. Intermittent exposure to bright light or creating
"light showers" are proven techniques in shift work environments to reduce fatigue,
improve alertness, and improve cognitive functioning in night shift staff. The normal
function of the body at night is to produce high levels of melatonin, resulting in sleepiness.
When lighting does not assist the body in adjustment to night shift work, the circadian
system becomes desynchronized, contributing to low alertness and deteriorated work
performance. Other observed symptoms are sleep disturbance, carbohydrate cravings,
confusion or loss of coordination, and susceptibility to infectious disease.
Credit Goals
• Establish electric lighting systems and controls for patient areas and staff work areas based upon
principles of circadian rhythm (a self-sustained biological rhythm that in an organism's natural
environment normally has the period of approximately 24 hours).
• In patient areas, establish lighting design solutions that allow for variation in day and night lighting
characteristics.
• In staff areas, establish lighting to support work performance and alertness through both daytime and
night lighting cycles. Implement a no rotation work routine to be able to address the needs of the day
and the night shift appropriately.
• Establish ambient and task lighting that is variable spectrum, free of glare, and task oriented. Where
daylight is not achievable, provide electric lighting systems that simulate daylight, brightness and
diurnal variation, and allow individual and central lighting control systems.
Documentation
Q Compile drawings and specification information outlining the lighting system design for staff work
areas, with documentation supporting how the lighting system responds to circadian rhythm.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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EQ Credit 8.4 continued
Daylight & Views: Lighting & Circadian Rhythm
Potential Technologies & Strategies
For staff areas subject to night work, a short intermittent exposure to higher level of light is beneficial.
Insure that bright light is available. Provide for variability of lighting characteristics such as intensity,
spectrum (from cool to warm light) and distribution shifting levels of light throughout the night hours, with
variability in lighting color from cool to warm. Prevailing indirect light with too little direct component will
result in sleepiness.
In patient areas without daylight, provide lighting that varies throughout the day. Systems should allow
light levels to gradually increase and decrease throughout the day hours, moving from warm to cooler and
back again. Provide individual controls that allow patients to reset or alter the lighting. Provide dimming
capacity.
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1 point EQ Credit 9
Acoustic Environment
Intent
Provide building occupants with a healing environment free of disruptive levels of sound.
| Health Issues
Noise is a well documented source of stress in health care settings. Noise from
personnel, equipment, and visitors impacts patient privacy and sleep patterns. In turn,
noise increases stress levels for patients and caregivers. Research finds that in hospitals
that reduced noise levels, the patients' satisfaction with care giving increased, their sleep
improved, and their blood pressure lowered; similarly, staff in low-noise environments
were more positive about their jobs and indicated improved sleep.
The World Health Organization recommends that continuous background noise in hospital
rooms should not exceed 35 decibels (dB), and nighttime peaks in patient care areas
should not exceed 40 dB. Studies have found that background noise levels typically are in
the range of 45 to 68 dB and many peaks commonly exceed 90 dB.
Credit Goals
• Specify materials, products, mechanical systems and design features to attenuate sound and
vibration, and not to exceed Room Criteria (RC) ratings listed for Hospital and Clinics in Table 34 of
Chapter 46, Sound and Vibration Control, 1999 ASHRAE Application Handbook.
• Select ceiling tiles with an NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient) above .85 and a CAC (Ceiling
Attenuation Class) of at least 35.
• Test sound levels as a component of Building Commissioning.
Documentation
Q Obtain documentation that sound and vibration will not exceed Room Criteria (RC) ratings listed
for Hospital and Clinics in Table 34 of Chapter 46, Sound and Vibration Control, 1999 ASHRAE
Application Handbook.
Q Indicate sound transmission ratings on all interior partition types and ceiling selections.
Reference Standards
Sound and Vibration Control, 1999 ASHRAE Application Handbook Chapter 46.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
In nursing unit planning, avoid locating patient rooms adjacent to elevators, stairwells, nurse stations, and
visitor/ public spaces. Acoustically isolate patient rooms from each other and from the corridor. Locate
televisions in public and staff areas only where there is adequate space for patients and staff to be out of
hearing range if they so choose. Provide headsets for televisions and radios located in semi-private
rooms or other locations where sound can carry to other patients.
Select hard surface flooring products for best acoustic properties. Use sound absorbing finish materials
in waiting areas and other public spaces adjacent to patient units. In open bay treatment areas, such as
Emergency Departments or Recovery rooms, select ceiling products for best acoustic properties. At
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Construction
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nurse stations and open staff areas, carefully integrate sound absorbing elements (ceilings, furniture
systems, etc.) to reduce noise.
Isolate anchorage of vibration generating equipment from the building structure. Locate noise generating
mechanical and electrical equipment away from patient and staff areas, and from neighboring residential
communities.
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Construction
Innovation in Design
Innovation in Design
4 points
IN Credit 1
Innovation in Design
Intent
To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to achieve points for exceptional performance
above credit goals set by the Green Guide for Health Care and/or innovative performance for Green
Building strategies not specifically addressed by the Green Guide for Health Care.
| Health Issues
The relationship between buildings and health is continuously evolving. The
health care industry is uniquely positioned to evolve ever more powerful and
innovative strategies to enhance building performance. These credits are
intended to reward exemplary performance of existing credits and encourage
implementation of innovative design elements.
Credit Goals
Credit 1.1 (1 point)
Credit 1.2(1 point)
Credit 1.3(1 point)
Credit 1.4(1 point)
Identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the
proposed credit goal for compliance, the proposed
submittals to demonstrate compliance, and the design
approach used to meet the required elements.
Same as Credit 1.1.
Same as Credit 1.1.
Same as Credit 1.1.
Documentation
Q Prepare the proposal(s) (including intent, credit goal, submittals and design approach) and
relevant evidence of performance achieved.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Substantially exceed a GGHC credit threshold such as for energy performance or water efficiency. Apply
strategies or measures that are not covered by GGHC such as education of occupants, community
development or adding additional toxics screens to material choices.
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Operations
Operations Introduction
Operations Credits
Intent
The Green Guide for Health Care has developed specific credits related to operations and
maintenance as a critical component of a sustainable design program. The organizational intent
for this inclusive approach is summarized as follows:
• Most health care construction projects are undertaken by existing institutions that already
have ongoing operations and maintenance protocols in place, even if the project that is
the subject of this application is a free-standing new building on a clean site.
• The distinction between existing buildings and new construction in health care is often
complex and difficult to precisely define, while high performance building standards often
rely on this distinction for including operations and maintenance considerations.
Operations aimed at reducing the facilities environmental footprint often yield substantial
economic benefits for institutions.
| Health Issues
Acute and long-term health care facilities operate on a continuous, 24-hour, 7-
day basis. Consequently, many operations and maintenance tasks are
performed with staff and patients in occupancy, where it is challenging, if not
impossible, to isolate building occupants from associated environmental health
impacts. Thus, building operations, construction operations and maintenance
procedures must be evaluated relative to health impacts on patients, who are
often immunocompromised and vulnerable to environmental issues, and on staff,
whose responsibility to provide critical care should not be impeded by a
compromised indoor environment. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of
Hospitals (JCAHO) recognizes the occupational health issues for staff working in
these built environments.
Organization
The Green Guide Operations section is organized in accordance with commonly understood
areas of responsibility in health care organizations. Each credit corresponds to a distinct aspect
of the operation of health care facilities; within each credit, a series of points define a range of
opportunities and strategies to reduce the environmental footprint of the health care facility's
ongoing operation.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
Integrated Operations
Required IP Prerequisite 1
Integrated Operations & Maintenance Process
Intent
Demonstrate a cross discipline approach in Operations and Maintenance decision-making and
implementation to ensure safe, healthful, environmentally sensitive methods and materials.
| Health Issues
Acute and long term health care facilities operate on a continuous, 24-hour, 7-
day basis. Consequently, many operations and maintenance tasks are
performed with staff and patients in occupancy, where it is challenging, if not
impossible, to isolate building occupants from associated environmental impacts.
Thus, building operations, construction operations and maintenance procedures
must be evaluated relative to health impacts on patients, who are often
immunocompromised and vulnerable to environmental issues, and on staff,
whose responsibility to provide critical care should not be impeded by a
compromised indoor environment. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of
Hospitals (JCAHO) recognizes the occupational health issues for staff working in
these built environments.
Credit Goals
• Demonstrate functional cross discipline process for decision-making regarding safe, healthful
and environmentally sensitive operations and maintenance and encourage continuous
improvement.
Documentation
Q Compile an Environmental Health Goals Statement for operations and maintenance
procedures and protocols, encouraging continuous improvement.
Q Define cross discipline decision making process for operations and maintenance
decisions.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Organize and schedule regular meetings of all related operations groups to integrate functional
processes into the daily operation of the facility that jointly consider environmental and health
impacts of decisions and opportunities for continuous improvement.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
Required IP Prerequisite 2
Recertification Process
Intent
Maintain the ongoing functional application of all design decisions and processes associated with
the initial design certification.
| Health Issues
Ongoing operations and maintenance procedures are inextricably linked to
occupant health and safety. Monitoring O&M practices for consistency with
original design intent and facility environmental/health policies helps to ensure
that indoor air quality and mechanical performance standards are maintained.
Credit Goals
• Specify processes to monitor and document actual performance of each measure achieved in
the initial design.
Documentation
Q On a bi-annual basis, update performance data, policies and procedures and other
required documentation to recertify compliance with Construction and Operations credit
intents.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Address each credit individually, documenting current compliance or actual operational
performance (as applicable).
Update the Green Guide Checklist on a periodic basis with a goal toward continuous
improvement, (note italicized Green Guide)
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Operations
Integrated Operations
Required IP Prerequisite 3
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
Intent
Prevent exposure of building occupants and systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).
| Health Issues
There are well-known health risks associated with Environmental Tobacco
Smoke (or "secondhand smoke"). A 1993 report published by the United States
EPA, Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other
Disorders, concluded that secondhand smoke causes lung cancer in adult
nonsmokers and impairs the respiratory health of children, corroborating earlier
studies undertaken by the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Surgeon
General. The EPA report classified secondhand smoke as a Group A
carcinogen, indicating sufficient evidence of the substance causing cancer. Only
15 other substances, including asbestos, benzene and radon, carry the Group A
carcinogen designation. Prohibiting smoking within buildings is the most effective
way to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
Credit Goals
• Prohibit smoking in the building (except as noted below).
• Establish any exterior designated smoking areas at least 50 feet (15.24 meters) away from
entries, operable windows, air intakes, bus stops, disabled parking, and other locations where
occupants could inadvertently come in contact with ETS when occupying, entering or leaving
the building.
• Only for residential facilities where the functional program requires accommodation for
smokers may there be an exception to establish negative pressure smoking rooms:
• Provide one or more designated smoking rooms designed to effectively contain, capture
and remove ETS from the building. At a minimum, the smoking room must be directly
exhausted to the outdoors with no re-circulation of ETS-containing air to the non-smoking
area of the building, and enclosed with impermeable deck-to-deck partitions and
operated at a negative pressure compared with the surrounding spaces of at least an
average of 5 Pa (0.02 inches of water gauge) and with a minimum of 1 Pa (0.004 inches
of water) when the door(s) to the smoking room are closed.
• Performance of the smoking room differential air pressures shall be verified by
conducting 15 minutes of measurement, with a minimum of one measurement every 10
seconds, of the differential pressure in the smoking room with respect to each adjacent
area and in each adjacent vertical chase with the doors to the smoking room closed. The
testing will be conducted with each space configured for worst case conditions of
transport of air from the smoking rooms to adjacent spaces.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
IO Prerequisite 3 continued
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
Documentation
Q Prepare a copy of the no-smoking policy.
Q Prepare a copy of the building site plan indicating designated smoking areas and their
distances from entries, operable windows, air intakes, and other locations where
occupants could inadvertently come in contact with ETS.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Prohibit smoking in the building and other locations where occupants could inadvertently come in
contact with ETS. Take into account prevailing winds and micro-climate effects in siting exterior
smoking areas.
Resources
US EPA, Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders
http://cfpub1.epa.aov/ncea/cfm/recordisplav.cfm?deid=2835.
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Integrated Operations
Required IP Prerequisite 4
Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems
Intent
Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings,
thus contributing to the health and well-being of the building occupants.
Health Issues
The EPA estimates that indoor air pollution is one of the top five environmental
risks to public health and is as much as 10 times more polluted than outside air.
Indoor air pollutants can cause problems ranging from immediate acute effects
such as eye, nose, and throat irritation; sinusitis, asthma attacks, headaches;
loss of coordination; and nausea; to long range chronic damage to the lungs,
liver, kidney, and central nervous system and cancer.
Maintaining indoor air quality begins with careful monitoring of outside air at
intakes into the indoor air distribution system, as well as the system's exhaust
components.. Coupling properly designed, operated and maintained mechanical
equipment with low-emitting materials can ensure healthy indoor air.
Credit Goals
• Modify or maintain existing building outside-air (OA) ventilation distribution system to supply,
at a minimum, the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE 62.1-2004. (ASHRAE
62.1.1-2001 with all Addenda can be used until ASHRAE 62.1-2004 is published.)
• Meet the EPA IAQ guidelines OR SMACNA IAQ guidelines for HVAC System Maintenance to
ensure the proper operations and maintenance of HVAC components as they relate to IAQ.
• Test and maintain the operation of all building exhaust systems, including bathroom, utility
areas, laboratories, kitchen and parking exhaust system.
Documentation
Q Provide a letter and backup tabular information from a mechanical engineer or HVAC
system specialist demonstrating that the existing building outside-air (OA) ventilation
distribution system supplies at least the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE
62.1-2004. (ASHRAE 62.1-2001 with all Addenda can be used until ASHRAE 62.1-2004
is published.).
Q Provide a letter and backup tabular information from a mechanical engineer or HVAC
system specialist demonstrating that the exhaust air HVAC systems serving the building
are operating as designed.
Q Provide the results of four quarterly inspections of the building OA/exhaust air system to
verify that the system is operating as intended.
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Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems
Reference Standards
ASHRAE 62.1-2004. (ASHRAE 62.1-2001 with all Addenda can be used until ASHRAE 62.1-
2004 is published.)
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Conduct a visual inspection of OA air vent/dampers and remove any OA air vent/louver
obstructions that restrict full OA capacity from entering the distribution system. Conduct airflow
monitoring to document OA in terms of CFM. Compare measured flow to designed flow for each
unit. Test the operation of each exhaust fan and verify that exhaust airflow meets design
requirements/intents.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
1 point IP Credit 1.1
Building Operations & Maintenance: Staff Education
Intent
Support appropriate operations and maintenance of buildings and building systems to ensure
they deliver target building performance goals over the life of the building.
Health Issues
Ongoing operations and maintenance procedures are inextricably linked to
occupant health and safety. Monitoring O&M practices for consistency with
original design intent and facility environmental/health policies helps to ensure
that indoor air quality and mechanical performance standards are maintained.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period a building operations and maintenance staff
education program that provides each staff person with primary building maintenance
responsibilities with a minimum 24 hours of education each year over the performance period
on building and building systems operations, maintenance, and achieving sustainable
building performance. Training must be of high quality and relevant to building operations and
maintenance.
Documentation
Q Document the training received by building operations and maintenance staff listing the
course titles and hours, and annual total training hours for each staff person and the
calculated annual average training hours for all by building operations and maintenance
staff.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Arrange on site or offsite training for building operations and maintenance staff that addresses
building and building systems operation, maintenance, and achieving sustainable building
performance.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
1 point IP Credit 1.2
Building Operations & Maintenance: Building Systems Maintenance
Intent
Support appropriate operations and maintenance of buildings and building systems to ensure
they deliver target building performance goals over the life of the building.
Health Issues
Ongoing operations and maintenance procedures are inextricably linked to
occupant health and safety. Monitoring O&M practices for consistency with
original design intent and facility environmental/health policies helps to ensure
that indoor air quality and mechanical performance standards are maintained.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period a comprehensive best practices equipment
preventative maintenance program that provides in-house resources and/or contractual
services to deliver post warranty maintenance.
Documentation
Q Document ongoing operations over the performance period of a best practices equipment
maintenance program including documentation of in-house resources and/or contractual
services to deliver post warranty maintenance.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish over the performance period a comprehensive best practices equipment preventative
maintenance program. Utilize either in-house resources and/or contractual services to deliver
post warranty equipment maintenance.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
1 point IP Credit 1.3
Building Operations & Maintenance: Building Systems Monitoring
Intent
Support appropriate operations and maintenance of buildings and building systems to ensure
they deliver target building performance goals over the life of the building.
Health Issues
Ongoing operations and maintenance procedures are inextricably linked to
occupant health and safety. Monitoring O&M practices for consistency with
original design intent and facility environmental/health policies helps to ensure
that indoor air quality and mechanical performance standards are maintained.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period a system for continuous tracking and optimization
of systems that regulate indoor comfort and the conditions (temperature, humidity, and CO2)
delivered in occupied spaces. The system must include:
• Continuous monitoring of system equipment performance and of the indoor
environmental conditions delivered in the building;
• Alarms for performance or conditions that require repair;
• A system in place that delivers prompt repairs to problems identified.
Documentation
Q System Description
• Compile a narrative of the systems employed to continuously monitor equipment function
and space conditions. The narrative must describe how these systems are used to
identify and resolve equipment problems and to continuously deliver indoor comfort and
the conditions delivered in occupied spaces.
• List of system equipment for which performance and the number of points are monitored.
• List of the indoor environmental conditions parameters monitored and the number of
points monitored for each.
• List of settings for alarms.
• Description of system in place for delivering prompt repairs to problems identified.
Q Performance over the performance period
• Document alarms that occurred.
• Document percent of time desired conditions are delivered in the building on a floor area
weighted basis.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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Integrated Operations
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Building Operations & Maintenance: Building Systems Monitoring
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Use of automated systems to monitor equipment function and indoor space conditions provides
the opportunity to identify system problems automatically and issue an alarm that initiates
procedures to fix the problems identified.
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Operations
Integrated Operations
1 point IP Credit 2.1
IAQ Management: Maintaining Indoor Air Quality
Intent
Enhance Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) performance by optimizing practices to prevent the
development of indoor air quality problems in buildings.
| Health Issues
The EPA estimates that indoor air pollution is one of the top five environmental
risks to public health and as much as 10 times more polluted than outside air.
Indoor air pollutants can cause problems ranging from immediate acute effects
such as eye, nose, and throat irritation; sinusitis, asthma attacks, headaches;
loss of coordination; and nausea; to long range chronic damage to the lungs,
liver, kidney, and central nervous system and cancer. Building materials and the
products used to install, clean and maintain them can be significant sources of a
wide range of VOCs and other indoor air pollutants. Coupling properly designed,
operated and maintained mechanical equipment with low-emitting materials can
ensure healthy indoor air.
Credit Goals
• Establish an IAQ Compliance Program, as outlined in "A Guide to Managing Indoor Air
Quality in Health Care Organizations", Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations, 1997.
OR
• Develop and implement on an ongoing basis an IAQ management program based on the
U.S. EPA document "Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility
Managers".
Documentation
Q Compile an IAQ Compliance Program or checklist for the facility.
Reference Standards
"A Guide to Managing Indoor Air Quality in Health Care Organizations", Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 1997.
U.S. EPA "Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers", Document
No. 402-F-91 -102, December 1991. www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/graphics/iaq.pdf
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Establish and implement a program to enhance IAQ performance by optimizing practices to
prevent the development of indoor air quality problems on an ongoing basis, thereby enhancing
the well being of the building occupants. Survey building and evaluate systems to identify
potential IAQ problems. Include in the program a plan for preventing moisture accumulation and
mold in the building.
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Integrated Operations
IO Credit 2.1 continued
IAQ Management: Maintaining Indoor Air Quality
Establishing guiding principles for indoor air quality associated with operations and maintenance
is important to ensure established thresholds are achieved and maintained during the life of the
building. Procedures to monitor compliance with design intent should be standard practice. These
strategies can be categorized by type and prioritized as follows:
• Ventilation (refer to Construction: EQ Credit 2 and Operations: IO Credit 3). Monitor
mechanical ventilation air change rates required by health code standards, zoning areas
where contaminants are generated.
• Building Materials (refer to Construction: EQ Credit 4). Significant sources of indoor air
pollution are materials and products used in the building, such as cleaning compounds,
adhesives, paints, carpeting, upholstery, manufactured wood products and other
components of furniture, including medical furniture & equipment, each of which may emit
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde.
• Source Control (refer to Construction: EQ Credit 5 and Operations: ES Credits 1-4).
Sources can include outdoor pollutants, indoor chemical use (including glutaraldehyde
and other sterilizing agents and methylene chloride, used in adhesive removers, paint
stripper, and aerosol spray paints.), cleaning products, fragrances and pesticides.
• Building Operations and Maintenance (refer to EQ Credit 5 and Operations).
Resources
l-Beam: The Future of IAQ in Buildings, United States Environmental Protection Agency; EPA402-C-01-
001, December 2002, IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (l-Beam),
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs.
High Performance Building Guidelines, New York City DDC, 1999.
http://www.nvc.gov/html/ddc/html/ddcgreen/reports.html
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Integrated Operations
1 point IP Credit 2.2
IAQ Management: Reduce Participates in Air Distribution
Intent
Reduce exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous
particulate contaminants.
| Health Issues
The EPA estimates that indoor air pollution is one of the top five environmental
risks to public health and as much as 10 times more polluted than outside air.
Indoor air pollutants can cause problems ranging from immediate acute effects
such as eye, nose, and throat irritation; sinusitis, asthma attacks, headaches;
loss of coordination; and nausea; to long range chronic damage to the lungs,
liver, kidney, and central nervous system and cancer. Building materials and the
products used to install, clean and maintain them can be significant sources of a
wide range of VOCs and other indoor air pollutants. Coupling properly designed,
operated and maintained mechanical equipment with low-emitting materials can
ensure healthy indoor air.
Credit Goals
• Have filters with particulate removal effectiveness of MERV 13 or greater in place over the
performance period for all outside air intakes and for the returns for the re-circulation of inside
air. Establish and follow a regular schedule for maintenance and replacement of these filters.
Documentation
Q Verify that the building has had filters in place over the performance period with
particulate removal effectiveness of MERV 13 or greater for all outside air intakes and for
the returns for the re-circulation of inside air.
Q Verify that a regular schedule for maintenance and replacement of these filters has been
established and followed over the performance period.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Install and maintain in place filters with particulate removal effectiveness of MERV 13 or greater
for all outside air intakes and for the returns for the re-circulation of inside air. Establish and follow
a regular schedule for maintenance and replacement of these filters.
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Transportation Operations
Transportation Operations
1 point TO Credit 1.1
Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access
Intent
Reduce pollution and land development impacts from single occupancy vehicle use.
| Health Issues
Motor vehicles represent the largest single source of atmospheric pollution
including nitrogen oxides (a precursor of smog); benzene (a carcinogen);
particulate matter (a trigger of respiratory illness and symptoms); volatile organic
compounds (some of which are potentially hazardous and a precursor of smog);
carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas and a trigger for global climate change); and
carbon monoxide (a probable human carcinogen).
Credit Goals
• Provide and maintain a building occupant conveyance program (shuttle-link) for buildings that
are more than 1/2 mile from commuter rail or subway and 1/4 mile from established bus
routes.
Documentation
Q Retain records and results of quarterly contracts with shuttle-link service providers to
determine if service continues to be provided within specified distances from building.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a transportation survey of future building occupants to identify transportation needs.
Establish shuttle services to encourage use of mass transit options by staff, visitors and other
building occupants.
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Operations
Transportation Operations
1 point TO Credit 1.2
Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles
Intent
Reduce pollution and land development impacts associated with single occupancy vehicle use.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities often utilize fleets of vehicles for the purposes of maintaining
and operating their facilities. These vehicles range from ambulances to delivery
vans to shuttle buses, which often operate continuously and relatively locally.
Motor vehicles represent the largest single source of atmospheric pollution
including nitrogen oxides (a precursor of smog); benzene (a carcinogen);
particulate matter (a trigger of respiratory illness and symptoms); volatile organic
compounds (some of which are potentially hazardous and a precursor of smog);
carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas and a trigger for global climate change); and
carbon monoxide (a probable human carcinogen). By reducing emissions,
alternative fuel fleets contribute to healthier air quality, benefiting the health of the
building occupants and the surrounding community.
Credit Goals
• Own or lease an alternative fuel vehicle fleet, using any combination of the acceptable fuel
types, and comprising a minimum of 50% of total fleet mileage driven annually. Provide
fueling stations for 100% of alternative fuel fleet, and preferred parking for such fleets, as
applicable. Acceptable fuel types include bio-diesel, low-sulfur diesel, hydrogen, compressed
natural gas, hybrid or all-electric.
Documentation
Q Document proof of ownership of, or 2 year lease agreement for, hybrid or alternative fuel
vehicles and calculations indicating that the vehicles will comprise 50% of hospital
operated vehicle fleet, in terms of miles driven per year. Prepare site drawings showing
preferred parking for those fleets.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Provide transportation amenities such as alternative fuel vehicle fleets to provide on-campus
transportation or between-campus transportation, transportation to remote parking and staff
housing, ambulance and ambulette fleets, refueling stations and carpool/vanpool programs.
Low sulfur diesel fuel and biodiesel are becoming available in many markets nationwide,
particularly in regions designated as non-attainment areas or where there are high levels of
ground level ozone. Low sulfur diesel fuels can be used in all diesel engines without
modifications. Biodiesel is usable in most diesel engines as well, although in some older engines
may require changing of rubber gaskets and more frequent changing of filters during initial use as
it cleans the system. Note that use of biodiesel may affect warranty coverage.
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Transportation Operations
1 point TO Credit 1.3
Alternative Transportation: Car Pool Programs
Intent
Reduce pollution and land development impacts associated with automobile use.
| Health Issues
Motor vehicles represent the largest single source of atmospheric pollution
including nitrogen oxides (a precursor of smog); benzene (a carcinogen);
particulate matter (a trigger of respiratory illness and symptoms); volatile organic
compounds (some of which are potentially hazardous and a precursor of smog;
carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas and trigger for global climate change); and
carbon monoxide (a probable human carcinogen).
Credit Goals
• Provide and maintain a building occupant car pooling program that serves a minimum of 5%
of the full time equivalent (FTE) peak period staff and add no new parking. Provide preferred
parking for car pool participants.
Documentation
Q Maintain records of car pool participants and document participation by 5% of the FTE
peak period staff.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a transportation survey of future building occupants to identify transportation needs.
Establish car pool program to assist staff in organizing efficient car pool partners.
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Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Required EE Prerequisite 1
Existing Building Commissioning
Intent
Verify that fundamental building systems and assemblies are performing as intended to meet
current needs and sustainability requirements.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency benefits health by reducing particulate, chemical and
greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based combustion and
electrical generation, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing global
warming potential.
Credit Goals
• Verify and ensure that fundamental building elements and systems are installed, calibrated,
and operating as intended so they can deliver functional and efficient performance.
• Carry out a comprehensive existing building commissioning including the following
procedures:
• Develop a comprehensive building operation plan that meets the requirements of current
building usage, and addresses the heating system, cooling system, humidity control
system, lighting system, safety systems and the building automation controls.
• Prepare a commissioning plan for carrying out the testing of all building systems to verify
that they are working according to the specifications of the building operation plan.
• Implement the commissioning plan documenting all the results.
• Repair or upgrade all systems' components that are found to not be working according to
the specifications of the building operation plan.
• Re-test all building components that required repairs or upgrades to verify that they are
working according to the specifications of the building operation plan.
OR
• Submit a 1-5 year plan for continuous improvement of these aspects of commissioning
requirements 1-6 until all aspects are completed. During the implementation of the
continuous improvement plan, demonstrate continuous improvement on a yearly basis until
all aspects are completed. All low cost and no cost measures must be implemented in the
first 2 years of the implementation program.
Documentation
Q Compile a narrative summary of the current building operation plan that highlights major
building systems and assemblies.
Q Verify that all 6 actions in the Credit Goals have been completed.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
EE Prerequisite 1 continued
Existing Building Commissioning
OR
a
If one or more aspects of the 6 actions in the Credit Goals have not been completed,
prepare a 5 Year Plan that includes a schedule of annual actions that will be
implemented in order to complete all 6 actions in the Credit Goals within 5 years.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
The commissioning process activities begin by identifying the current building operating intents
(Owner's Operational Requirements) and then proactively making sure that the buildings'
systems are operating as necessary to meet these operating intents.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
Required EE Prerequisite 2
Minimum Energy Performance
Intent
Establish the minimum level of energy performance for the building and systems.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency benefits health by reducing particulate, chemical and
greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based combustion and
electrical generation, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing global
warming potential.
This prerequisite has been defined to require a building baseline computation
that recognizes regulatory context and that is based upon actual ongoing building
performance as a basis for defining performance improvement.
Credit Goals
• Demonstrate that the building has achieved an EPA ENERGY STAR® score of at least 60
utilizing the EPA ENERGY STAR Benchmarking Tool for building types addressed by
ENERGY STAR,
Documentation
Q If the building type is addressed by ENERGY STAR® (such as acute care hospitals and
medical office buildings), compile benchmarking tool output documenting that the building
energy has achieved an EPA ENERGY STAR score of at least 60.
Q Compile a summary of the annual energy bills, including cost and usage amounts
(kilowatt-hours, therms, gallons, etc.), for each type of energy used by the building.
Q Review copies of the most recent 12 months of building energy bills.
Reference Standards
EPA's ENERGY STAR National Energy Performance Rating System,
www.energystar.gov/benchmark.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Retrofit building systems to improve energy performance while maintaining or improving health
and safety requirements. Consider the following strategies as are regionally and climatically
appropriate:
• Building envelope improvements to reduce energy requirements, including, for example,
insulation, window and door replacements.
• Energy (latent and sensible) recovery.
• round source heat pumps.
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Energy Efficiency
EE Prerequisite 2 continued
Minimum Energy Performance
• Evaporative cooling when ambient conditions allow.
• Reduce outside airflow during unoccupied periods.
• Expand unoccupied temperature dead band by automatically resetting zone temperature
set points based on occupancy.
• Separate HVAC zones with constant airflow, temperature and humidity control
requirements from those with single or double shift occupancy that would allow
reductions in air changes or setbacks in temperature and humidity. Provide a cooling
system with at least two cooling loops operated at different temperatures. This can be
accomplished with separate chillers (or direct tower cooling).
• Design for high partial-load heating and cooling efficiency.
• Integrate daylighting strategies to decrease building energy demand.
• Design high efficiency chiller plants that use various technologies and strategies to
reduce overall plant energy consumption at full and partial loads (such as chillers with
variable speed drives on the compressors, primary-only variable flow pumping, series-
counterflow chiller arrangements, etc.).
• Use low leakage air handling units to reduce overall fan horsepower while ensuring that
air is properly filtered.
• Retrofit high efficiency lighting, variable speed motors, and Energy Star-rated equipment
to reduce electrical consumption.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
Required EE Prerequisite 3
Ozone Protection
Intent
Reduce ozone depletion.
| Health Issues
Stratospheric ozone layer depletion increases exposure to ultraviolet radiation,
increasing risk factors for skin cancer and immune system depression. The
United States is one of the world's largest emitters of ozone depleting
substances. As part of the U.S. commitment to implementing the Montreal
Protocol, the EPA has implemented regulations relative to the responsible
management of CFCs, including programs to end the production of ozone
depleting substances.
Credit Goals
• Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in HVAC&R base building systems unless a third party
audit shows that system replacement or conversion is not economically feasible.
• Definition of required economic analysis: The replacement of a chiller will be considered
to be not economically feasible if the simple payback of the replacement is greater than
10 years. To determine the simple payback, divide the cost of implementing the
replacement by the annual cost avoidance for energy that results from the replacement
and any difference in maintenance costs. If CFC-based refrigerants are maintained in the
building, reduce annual leakage to 5% or less using EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608
procedures governing refrigerant management and reporting, and reduce the total
leakage over the remaining life of the unit to less than 30% of its refrigerant charge.
Documentation
Q Document that base building HVAC&R systems do not use CFCs.
OR
Q Document results of third-party audit demonstrating that replacement is not economically
feasible.
Q Document compliance with EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 governing refrigerant
management and reporting.
Q Document that the annual refrigerant leakage rate is below 5% and the leakage over the
remainder of unit life is being maintained below 30%.
Reference Standards
EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 governing refrigerant management and reporting.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Set up leakage minimization procedures and systems to meet annual leakage minimization
standards and reporting requirements.
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1-10 points
Operations
Energy Efficiency
EE Credit 1
Optimize Energy Performance
Intent
Achieve increasing levels of energy efficiency to reduce environmental and health burdens
associated with excessive energy use.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency can enhance human health by reducing particulate, chemical
and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based combustion and
electrical generation, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing global
warming potential.
Credit Goals
• Demonstrate the EPA ENERGY STAR® score that the building has achieved. Utilize the EPA
ENERGY STAR Benchmarking Tool for building types addressed by ENERGY STAR.
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
Credit 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(1
(2
(3
(4
(5
(6
point)
points)
points)
points)
points)
points)
(/points)
(8
(9
points)
points)
10 (10 points)
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
Star score
of 63
of 67
of 71
of 75
of 79
of 83
of 87
of 91
of 95
of 99
Documentation
AND
Compile a summary of the annual bills, including cost and usage amounts (kilowatt-
hours, therms, gallons, etc.), for each type of energy used by the building annually over
the performance period.
Review copies of the most recent 12 months of building utility bills including both energy
use and peak demand, if available.
If the building type is addressed by EPA's ENERGY STAR®, such as for acute care
hospitals and medical office buildings, compile benchmarking tool output documenting
the building EPA ENERGY STAR scores over the performance period.
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Operations
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EE Credit 1 continued
Optimize Energy Performance
Reference Standards
EPA's ENERGY STAR® National Energy Performance Rating System,
www.energystar.gov/benchmark.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Implement energy-efficiency retrofits and energy-saving techniques to reduce energy use to the
level required to earn this credit.
Retrofit building systems to improve energy performance while maintaining or improving health
and safety requirements. Consider the following strategies as are regionally and climatically
appropriate:
• Building envelope improvements to reduce energy requirements, including insulation,
window and door replacements, and the like.
• Energy (latent and sensible) recovery.
• Ground source heat pumps.
• Evaporative cooling when ambient conditions allow.
• Reduce outside airflow during unoccupied periods.
• Expand unoccupied temperature dead band by automatically resetting zone temperature
set points based on occupancy.
• Separate HVAC zones with constant airflow, temperature and humidity control
requirements from those with single or double shift occupancy that would allow
reductions in air changes or setbacks in temperature and humidity.
• Provide a cooling system with at least two cooling loops operated at different
temperatures. This can be accomplished with separate chillers (or direct tower cooling).
• Design for high part-load heating and cooling efficiency.
• Daylighting decreases energy costs for buildings by providing natural solar lighting.
• Design high efficiency chiller plants that use various technologies and strategies to
reduce overall plant energy consumption at full and part loads (such as chillers with
variable speed drives on the compressors, primary-only variable flow pumping, series-
counterflow chiller arrangements, etc.).
• Use low leakage air handling units to reduce overall fan horsepower while ensuring that
air is properly filtered.
• Retrofit high efficiency lighting, variable speed motors, and Energy Star® rated
equipment to reduce electrical consumption.
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1-4 points
Operations
Energy Efficiency
EE Credit 2
On-Site and Off-Site Renewable Energy
Intent
Encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site and off-site renewable energy in order to
reduce environmental and health burdens associated with fossil fuel energy use.
| Health Issues
Energy generated from environmentally sensitive renewable energy resources
reduces the particulate, chemical and greenhouse gas emissions associated with
fossil-fuel generated electricity, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing
global warming potential.
Credit Goals
• Over the performance period, fulfill some or all of the building's total energy use through the
use of on-site or off-site renewable energy systems. Points are earned according to the
following table. The percentages shown in the table are the percentage of building energy
use over the performance period met by renewable energy resources.
• Off-site renewable energy sources are as defined by the Center for Resource Solutions
(CRS) Green-e products certification requirements or the equivalent. Green power may be
procured from a Green-e certified power marketer, a Green-e accredited utility program, or
through Green-e certified Tradable Renewable Certificates or the equivalent. At least 25% of
any off-site green power or Green Certificates used to earn this credit needs to be from new
sources (sources constructed after 1997). For on-site renewable energy that is claimed for
this credit, the associated environmental attributes must be retained or retired and cannot be
sold.
• Up to the four-point limit, any combination of individual actions will be awarded the sum of the
points allocated to those individual actions. For example, one point would be awarded for
implementing 1% of on-site renewable energy. Two additional points would be awarded for
meeting 10% of the building's electrical load with renewable power or certificates over the
performance period.
Total
Points
1
2
3
4
On-site
Renewable
Energy
1%
2%
5%
10%
OR
OR
OR
OR
Off-site
Renewable
Energy
Certificates
5%
10%
25%
50%
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On-Site and Off-Site Renewable Energy
Documentation
Q Compile system schematic diagrams and narrative highlighting on-site renewable energy
systems installed in the building.
Q Meter energy output of on-site renewable energy system over the performance period to
determine compliance with the requirements.
Q Compile calculations documenting the percentage of the building's total energy
requirements that was supplied by on-site renewable energy systems for the
performance period.
OR
Q Calculate the percentage of the building's electrical load that was met with renewable
power or certificates over the performance period.
Q Compile documentation demonstrating that the supplied renewable power or certificates
over the performance period met the referenced Green-e requirements or the equivalent.
Q Confirm a commitment to continue purchases of renewable power or certificates at the
same or higher level over the next performance period.
Reference Standards
Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Products Certification Requirements. Center for Resource
Solutions, www.green-e.org.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Design and specify the use of on-site nonpolluting renewable technologies to contribute to the
total energy requirements of the project. Consider and employ solar, geothermal, wind, biomass
(other than unsustainably harvested wood) and biogas technologies.
Purchase renewable energy or renewable energy tradable certificates to meet some or all of the
building's energy requirements. Review historic building electrical consumption trends. Research
power providers in the area and select a provider that guarantees that a fraction of its delivered
electric power is derived from net nonpolluting renewable technologies. If the project is in an open
market state, investigate green power and power marketers licensed to provide power in that
state. Grid power that qualifies for this credit originates from solar, wind, geothermal, biomass or
low-impact hydro sources.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
1 point EE Credit 3
Energy Efficient Equipment
Intent
Reduce energy consumption by using energy-efficient medical and other equipment.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency benefits health by reducing particulate, chemical and
greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based electrical
generation, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing global warming
potential.
Credit Goals
• Obtain and install a minimum 75%, based on cost, of the annual electrical medical and office
equipment, that is either Energy Star® qualified, or in the top 25th percentile for energy
consumption for that class of equipment.
Documentation
Q Compile a listing of all medical and office equipment purchased and calculations
demonstrating that the threshold percentage of Energy Star-qualified products is
achieved.
Q Where Energy Star-qualified equipment is not yet available for an application,
demonstrate reasonable effort to meet the 25th percentile criterion by identifying a
minimum of three other equivalent models that meet the functional needs of the facility
with higher energy consumption requirements. If there are less than three other
functionally equivalent models available on the market, use the most efficient available.
Reference Standards
EPA Energy Star® Program at www.energystar.gov.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Purchase computers, related electronics, and office equipment that carry the Energy Star® label.
Examples of these include:
• Computers and Monitors
• Copiers
• DVD Products
• Printers
• Refrigerators
• Scanners
• TVs & VCRs
• Water Coolers
• Commercial Solid Door Refrigerators and Freezers
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EE Credit 3 continued
Energy Efficient Equipment
This is just a sampling of a steadily increasing list. Refer to EPA's Energy Star® Program at
www.energystar.gov for an up to date list of product categories and models:
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find a product.
Investigate availability of Energy Star® qualified products for medical equipment purchases,
particularly those items that are purchased or leased in quantity or represent particularly high
electric consumption. Do market survey for best 25 percent equipment where equipment is not
yet available with Energy Star® labeling. Examples of priority high load medical equipment to
focus on include:
• Diagnostic imaging equipment (x-rays, MRIs, etc)
• Sterilization
• Physiological monitoring
• Laundry
Dietary
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
1 point EE Credit 4
Refrigerant Selection
Intent
Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol.
| Health Issues
Stratospheric ozone layer depletion leads to increased exposure to ultraviolet
radiation, increasing risk factors for skin cancer and immune system depression.
The United States is one of the world's largest emitters of ozone depleting
substances. As part of the US commitment to implementing the Montreal
Protocol, the EPA has implemented regulations relative to the responsible
management of CFCs, including programs to end the production of ozone
depleting substances.
Credit Goals
• Do not operate base building HVAC, refrigeration or fire suppression systems that contain
HCFCs or Halons.
OR
• Reduce emissions of refrigerants from base cooling equipment to less than 3% of charge per
year over the performance period using EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 procedures
governing refrigerant management and reporting and reduce the leakage over the remainder
of unit life to below 25%.
Documentation
Q Document that base building HVAC&R systems do not use HCFCs or Halons.
OR
Q Document that emissions of refrigerants from base cooling equipment over the
performance period are less than 3% of charge per year using EPA Clean Air Act, Title
VI, Rule 608 procedures governing refrigerant management and reporting.
Q Verify that leakage over the remainder of unit life is being maintained below 25%.
Reference Standards
EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 governing refrigerant management and reporting.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Set up loss minimization procedures and systems to meet annual loss minimization standards
and reporting requirements.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
1-2 points EE Credit 5.1
Performance Measurement: Enhanced Metering
Intent
Demonstrate ongoing accountability and optimization of building energy and water consumption
performance overtime and add incentives for additional energy reduction.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency can enhance human health by reducing particulate, chemical
and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based combustion and
electrical generation, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing global
warming potential.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period continuous metering for the following items: (Up
to 2 points can be earned - one point is earned for each 4 actions implemented/maintained).
For each item metered, prepare, implement and maintain a program for using the data
gathered to improve building performance overtime.
• Lighting systems and controls.
• Separate building electric meters that allow aggregation of all process electric loads.
• Separate building natural gas meters that allow aggregation of all process natural gas
loads.
• Chilled water system efficiency at variable loads (kW/ton) or cooling loads (for non-chilled
water systems).
• Cooling load.
• Air and water economizer and heat recovery cycle operation.
• Boiler efficiencies.
• Building specific process energy systems and equipment efficiency.
• Constant and variable motor loads.
• Variable frequency drive (VFD) operation.
• Air distribution, static pressure and ventilation air volumes.
Documentation
Q For each item metered prepare a description of the performance improvement program
implemented using the data gathered to improve system/building performance overtime.
Q Prepare quarterly reports on the metered data gathered and for each item metered a
report card of its performance. Document one day of actual output of all data recorded.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
EE Credit 5.1 continued
Performance Measurement: Enhanced Metering
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Have in place over the performance period continuous metering for the identified categories of
energy and system performance. For each item metered, prepare, implement and maintain a
program for using the data gathered to improve building performance overtime. IPMVP Volume I:
Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings can be used to track energy savings of
specific energy efficiency measures implemented in buildings.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
1 point EE Credit 5.2
Performance Measurement: Emission Reduction Reporting
Intent
Reduce building energy use and associated emissions.
| Health Issues
Energy efficiency can enhance human health by reducing particulate, chemical
and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel based combustion and
electrical generation, thereby improving outdoor air quality and curbing global
warming potential.
Credit Goals
• Identify building performance parameters that reduce energy use and reduce emissions.
• Track and record the significant emission reductions including those delivered by energy
efficiency, renewable energy and other building emission reduction actions including:
carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), small
particulates (PM2.5), large particulates (PM10), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
• Report the reductions in emissions resulting from these energy efficiency and renewable
operations using a third party voluntary certification program.
• Retire at least 10% of the emission reductions, delivered by the energy efficiency actions
through a third party voluntary certification program. (To meet this requirement the third
party voluntary emission reduction certification and emission reduction retirement
programs must be programs of credible organizations. Third party programs shall notify
any applicable local or regional emission reduction registries of the reported emission
reductions.)
• Ask the suppliers of good and services for the building to do the same by implementing
actions above.
Documentation
Q Compile reporting of all building performance parameters that reduce energy use and
calculate the total savings for each type of energy reduction. Compile reporting of
renewable energy use and other emission reduction actions.
Q Calculate and compile a reporting of the resulting reductions for the significant types of
environmental emissions resulting from the energy efficiency operations and other
emission reduction actions using the emission reduction calculation protocol of a third
party voluntary certification program. Emission reductions to be tracked include: carbon
dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), small
particulates (PM2.5), large particulates (PM10), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Q Document the retirement of at least 10% of the emission reductions, delivered by the
energy efficiency measures, renewable energy and other emission reduction actions,
through a third party voluntary certification program.
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Operations
Energy Efficiency
EE Credit 5.2 continued
Performance Measurement: Emission Reduction Reporting
a Ensure that the suppliers for fossil fuels have been asked to report energy savings,
renewable energy use and other emission reduction actions. Report all types of resulting
emissions reductions and retire at least 10% of these reductions through a third party
voluntary certification program and ask their suppliers of goods and services to do the
same.
Q Ensure that a third party voluntary certification program has notified any applicable local
or regional emission reduction registries of the reported emission reductions.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Addressing all the significant pollutants for which reductions can be achieved through energy
efficiency, renewable energy and other emission reduction activities is important because of the
associated environmental and health effects specifically: carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide
(SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), small particulates (PM2.5), large particulates
(PM10), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Moreover, energy efficient strategies can be
achieved at a low cost yielding significant emission reductions.
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Energy Efficiency
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Operations
Water Conservation
Water Conservation
Required WC Prerequisite 1
Minimum Water Efficiency
Intent
Maximize fixture water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on potable water supply
and wastewater systems.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is freshwater.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air
emissions associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment,
pumping and maintenance of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of
current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other
80% not requiring treatment to potable standards. Using reclaimed water for
selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious potable water
supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution system
must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product
and process purposes.
Credit Goals
• Maximize fixture potable water efficiency to achieve a level equal to or below water use
baseline, calculated as 120 percent of the water usage that would result if 100% of the total
building fixture count were outfitted with plumbing fixtures that meet the Energy Policy Act of
1992 fixture performance requirements. If the building does not have separate metering for
each water use (fixture use, process use, irrigation and other uses) the water use reduction
achievements can be demonstrated with calculations. At least one meter for the overall
building water use is required and metering for cooling towers and other process water uses
are encouraged but not required.
Documentation
Q Document that the existing building fixture potable water use is equal to or less than a
baseline calculated as 120% of the water usage that would result if 100% of the total
building fixture count were outfitted with plumbing fixtures that meet the Energy Policy Act
of 1992 fixture performance requirements.
Q Obtain quarterly and annual water meter data for the performance period for potable
water use inside the building showing that the annual fixture potable water use is equal to
or less than the calculated baseline.
Q Calculate fixture potable water use per occupant and per square foot.
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Operations
Water Conservation
WC Prerequisite 1 continued
Minimum Water Efficiency
Reference Standards
The Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992, http://tis.eh.doe.gov/nepa.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Reduce fixture potable water usage through automatic water control systems. Install, where
possible, water conserving plumbing fixtures that meet or exceed Energy Policy Act of 1992
fixture requirements in combination with ultra high efficiency or dry fixture and control
technologies.
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Operations
Water Conservation
1-2 points
WC Credit 1
Water Use Reduction: Water Efficient Landscaping
Intent
Provide for the ongoing optimization and conservation of building potable water consumption over
time and in areas of the facility not otherwise impacted by construction.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is freshwater.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air
emissions associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment,
pumping and maintenance of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of
current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other
80% not requiring treatment to potable standards. Using reclaimed water for
selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious potable water
supplies. Eliminating potable water for irrigation systems is an important
conservation strategy.
Credit Goals
• Use high-efficiency irrigation technology OR use captured rain or recycled site water to
reduce potable water consumption for irrigation in comparison to conventional means of
irrigation. Achieve reductions in potable water use for irrigation over conventional means of
irrigation.
Credit 1.1 (1 point)
Credit 1.2(1 point)
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce potable water use for
irrigation by 50%. Document the reductions from baseline.
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce potable water use for
irrigation by 100%. Document the reductions from baseline (additive
to Credit 1.1).
• If the building does not have separate metering for each water use (fixture use, process use,
irrigation and other uses) the water use reduction achievements can be demonstrated with
calculations. At least one meter for the overall building water use is required (see WC
Prerequisite 1). In urban settings, where there is no lawn, credits can be earned by reducing
the use of potable water for watering any roof/courtyard garden space or outdoor planters.
Documentation
Q Compile a brief narrative description, system schematics, photographs and calculations
demonstrating how much potable water use for irrigation is reduced in comparison to
conventional means of irrigation.
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WC Credit 1 continued
Water Use Reduction: Water Efficient Landscaping
a Describe the type of irrigation system that is "conventional" in the area and the extent that
the "conventional" type of irrigation system is used in the area.
Q The head of facility management for the facility is required to sign off on the calculation of
reduction in the amount of potable water used for irrigation.
Q Compile quarterly water meter readings over the performance period supporting the
documentation of the reduction in potable water use for irrigation as well as quarterly
reports over the performance period that document the maintenance activities
implemented to ensure proper operation of the irrigation system.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Specify water-efficient, native or adapted, climate tolerant plantings. Implement or maintain high
efficiency irrigation technologies that include micro irrigation, moisture sensors, or weather data
based controllers. Feed irrigation systems with captured rainwater, gray water (site or municipal),
or on-site treated wastewater. Consider eliminating use of an irrigation system. Consider use of
xeriscaping principles, particularly though not exclusively in dry/arid climates.
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1-2 points
Operations
Water Conservation
WC Credit 2
Building Water Use Reduction
Intent
Maximize fixture water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on potable water supply
and wastewater systems.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is freshwater.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air
emissions associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment,
pumping and maintenance of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of
current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other
80% not requiring treatment to potable standards. Using reclaimed water for
selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious potable water
supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution system
must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product
and process purposes.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period strategies and systems that in aggregate produce
a reduction of fixture potable water use from the calculated fixture water usage baseline
established in WC Prerequisite 1. If the building does not have separate metering for each
water use (fixture use, process use, irrigation and other uses) the water use reduction
achievements can be demonstrated with calculations. At least one meter for the overall
building water use is required and metering for cooling towers and other process water use
encouraged but not required.
Credit 2.1 (1 point)
Credit 2.2(1 point)
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce fixture water use by
10%. Document the reductions from baseline.
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce fixture water use by
20%. Document the reductions from baseline (additive to Credit 2. 1 ).
Documentation
Verify (calculations, fixture cut sheets, results of direct measurement and photographs)
that the existing building fixture potable water use over the performance period is less
than the baseline established in WC Prerequisite 1 .
Compile quarterly and annual water meter data for water use in the building supporting
the documentation of the annual fixture potable water use over the performance period.
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Operations
Water Conservation
WC Credit 2 continued
Building Water Use Reduction
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Reduce fixture water usage through automatic controls and other actions. Specify water
conserving plumbing fixtures that exceed Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture requirements in
combination with ultra high efficiency or dry fixture and control technologies.
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1-3 points
Operations
Water Conservation
WC Credit 3
Process Water Efficiency
Intent
Reduce process potable water use and process wastewater generation.
I Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is freshwater.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air
emissions associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment,
pumping and maintenance of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of
current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other
80% not requiring treatment to potable standards. Using reclaimed water for
selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious potable water
supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution system
must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product
and process purposes.
Approximately 70% of the potable water consumption in health care facilities is
attributable to process water uses, compared to less than 30% consumed for
"domestic" use. Reduction of potable water use for process water applications is
an important component of water conservation measures in this sector.
Credit Goals
Process water is defined as water used for non-sanitary purposes. Examples of process
water use in a health care facility include imaging equipment, microscopes, decontamination
equipment, other diagnostic and lab equipment, dietary equipment and laundry facilities.
Credit 3.1 (1 point)
Credit 3.2(1 point)
Credit 3.3(1 point)
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce process water use and
process wastewater generation by 20%. Document the reductions from
baseline.
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce process water use and
process wastewater generation by 30%. Document the reductions from
baseline, (additive to credit 3.1)
Adopt technologies and strategies to reduce process water use and
process wastewater generation by 40%. Document the reductions from
baseline, (additive to Credits 3.1 and 3.2)
Documentation
Compile documentation establishing a baseline process water use budget, and the
calculations indicating percentage reduction relative to baseline.
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Operations
Water Conservation
WC Credit 3 continued
Process Water Efficiency
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Employ methodologies based on Pollution Prevention hierarchy - reduce, reuse, recycle. Treat
process wastewater (boiler blowdown, for instance) or capture condensate from air conditioning
cooling coils so that it can be downcycled for use in cooling towers, irrigation, etc. Reduce water
used for wash-up by using efficient floor wash machines instead of hosing.
Consider water reduction strategies for high use processes such as food service and laundry.
Some hospitals are implementing programs to reduce laundry volumes through more selective
linen changes, resulting in savings of 20%- 30% of laundry water volumes.
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Operations
Water Conservation
1 point WC Credit 4
Performance Measurement: Enhanced Metering
Intent
Provide for the ongoing optimization and conservation of potable water consumption over time
and in areas of the facility not otherwise impacted by construction.
| Health Issues
Maintaining adequate potable water supplies is a basic necessity for the health of
individuals and communities. Only about 1% of the water on Earth is freshwater.
Processing potable water is energy intensive and thus contributes to air
emissions associated with fossil fuel energy generation (for the treatment,
pumping and maintenance of the potable water systems). Only about 20% of
current urban water is used for drinking and sanitary purposes, with the other
80% not requiring treatment to potable standards. Using reclaimed water for
selected applications can reduce costs and preserve precious potable water
supplies. To protect the public health, a dual or dedicated distribution system
must be installed to segregate potable and reclaimed water for health, product
and process purposes.
Credit Goals
• Employ strategies for long term continuous measurement of potable water uses within the
facility. Install metering devices to measure potable water use, as applicable to the facility.
One point is earned for installation in a minimum of 3 locations:
• Water use in laboratory
• Water use in dietary department
• Water use in central sterile and processing department
• Water use in laundry
• Water use in radiology and imaging department
• Water use in surgical suite
• Purified water system (reverse osmosis and/or deionized) and filter backwash water
• Outdoor irrigation systems
• Cooling tower make-up and filter backwash water
• Steam boiler system make-up water
• Closed loop hydronic system make-up water
• Water use in mechanical equipment, including pumps.
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Operations
Water Conservation
WC Credit 4 continued
Performance Measurement: Enhanced Metering
Documentation
Q Establish and implement a Measurement & Verification Plan.
Q Include a summary schedule of the instrumentation and controls for the required
monitoring categories, highlighting the input/output (I/O) data points to be collected.
Q Document the monitoring system, including cut sheets of sensors and the data collection
system.
Reference Standards
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol Volume 1, 2001 Version,
http://www.ipmvp.org/.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Install submeters to measure potable water systems in areas of the facility not included in
construction project scope. Use measured system data to identify opportunities to reduce potable
water use.
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Operations
Chemical Management
Chemical Management
Required CM Prerequisite 1
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Removal
Intent
Reduce the potential exposure of building occupants to PCBs and PCB combustion by-products
in case of fire in the building.
| Health Issues
The 209 chemicals classified as PCBs, are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic
chemicals (PBTs). PCBs are associated with a variety of adverse health effects,
including cancer and effects on the immune, reproductive, nervous, and
endocrine systems. These can occur even with very low exposure levels. The
1996 U.S. EPA reassessment of PCBs determined that PCBs are probable
human carcinogens; other agencies, including the International Agency for
Research on Cancer, the National Toxicology Program, and the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health, have reached similar conclusions.
Credit Goals
• Establish a PCB management program.
• Identify the applicable regulatory requirements.
• Have a current survey that identifies where PCBs are located in the building and on the site
so that the PCBs present can be addressed appropriately in the ongoing PCB management
program.
Documentation
Q Verify that PCB-containing materials are not present in the building or on the site.
OR
Q Compile the current PCB management program that identifies the applicable regulatory
requirements and explains how the program is addressing PCBs remaining in the
building on an ongoing basis.
Q Review the past PCB work done on the building and on the building site and use these
data to prepare the history-based component of the PCB survey for the building and the
site, collecting the available information on: (1) where PCBs have been removed; (2)
where PCBs remain; and (3) how the remaining PCBs are being addressed.
Q Update the PCB survey for the building and the site with current information by: (1)
sampling additional likely locations in building and on the site for PCBs; and (2) testing
samples to see if PCBs are present.
Q If the survey identifies any new locations with PCBs, add these to the description of how
the PCB management program is addressing PCBs remaining in the building on an
ongoing basis.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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Operations
Chemical Management
CM Prerequisite 1 continued
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Removal
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Review the current PCB management program, and prepare a description of the program that
identifies the applicable regulatory requirements and explains how the program will address
PCBs remaining in the building on an ongoing basis.
Review PCB work done in the building and on the building site and use these data to prepare the
history-based component of the PCB survey by collecting the available information on: (1) where
PCBs have been removed; (2) where PCBs remain; and (3) how the remaining PCBs are being
addressed.
Update this survey with current information by: (1) sampling additional likely locations in the
building and on the site for PCBs; and (2) testing samples to see if PCBs are present. If the
survey identifies any new locations with PCBs, add these to the description of how the PCB
management program is addressing PCBs remaining in the building on an ongoing basis.
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Operations
Chemical Management
1 point CM Credit 1.1
Community Contaminant Prevention: Airborne Releases
Intent
Minimize building airborne effluents and environmental, health and safety burdens to site and
neighbors.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities often include laboratories, pharmacies, and diagnostic
services that generate substances toxic to patients, staff, visitors, and
neighboring communities. Minimizing or containing such emissions protects
human health and the environment from exposure to these toxic substances.
Credit Goals
• Exceed by 10% the NIH-CDC Guidelines for Airborne Effluent from Laboratories that Handle
Biohazards (CDC-NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, latest edition
(currently May 1999).
• Meet all standards of California South Coast Air Quality Management District for all products
of combustion.
• Obtain low sulfur diesel or bio-diesel fuels for generators and other diesel equipment.
Documentation
Q Verify from the mechanical engineer of record that the NIH-CDC Guidelines for Airborne
Effluent from Laboratories that Handle Biohazards have been exceeded by 10% and all
California South Coast Air Quality Management District standards for products of
combustion have been met.
Q Review purchasing records on diesel fuel purchases to verify purchase of low sulfur or
bio-diesel fuel.
Reference Standards
National Institutes for Health -CDC Guidelines for Airborne Effluent from Laboratories that Handle
Biohazards (CDC-NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, latest edition
(currently May 1999).
California South Coast Air Quality Management District, http://www.aqmd.gov.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
• Maintain scrubbers and filters for boilers and diesel generators.
• Test and recertify all filters annually.
• Burn fuels low in sulfur content. Provide air quality abatement equipment for equipment
that burns fossil fuels.
• Burn bio-diesel fuels in lieu of fossil fuels.
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Operations
Chemical Management
1 point CM Credit 1.2
Community Contaminant Prevention: Leaks & Spills
Intent
Prevent releases of hazardous chemicals and fuels to storm sewer.
| Health Issues
Health care facilities store and manage hazardous chemicals in underground
tanks and other outdoor facilities, potentially risking contamination of aquifers
and stormwater. By minimizing these risks, health care facilities can contribute to
protecting the health of the surrounding community.
Credit Goals
• Develop and implement a policy to use containment and engineering controls to manage
outdoor storage of fuels and chemicals in order to minimize risk from leakage and spills.
Documentation
Q Compile outdoor chemical storage policy and procedures, a plan indicating the location of
all storage facilities, and a narrative describing secondary containment provisions.
Reference Standards
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 112 (for spill control and countermeasures).
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Develop a facility wide policy governing the controlled and secure outdoor storage of hazardous
chemicals and fuels, both for incoming deliveries and outgoing waste products. Ensure that
storage facilities include secondary containment provisions to prevent unintentional spills and
leakage from contaminating aquifers and stormwater.
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Operations
Chemical Management
1 point CM Credit 2
Indoor Pollutant Source Control: High Hazard Chemicals
Intent
Avoid exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous indoor pollutants and chemicals
that adversely impact air quality and human health.
| Health Issues
Hospitals are particularly vulnerable to indoor air quality threats, as many building
occupants are immunocompromised and have increased chemical
susceptibilities. Equally important, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has expressed heightened concern over
increasing respiratory issues among health care workers. JCAHO has identified
indoor chemical pollutants as a contributing factor to indoor air quality concerns,
including photocopiers, glutaraldehyde and ethylene oxide sterilants, xylene,
aerosolized medication distribution systems, anesthetic gases, chemotherapeutic
agents, latex, cleaners and floor finishes.
Credit Goals
• Develop a policy for receiving, handling, storing and disposing of high hazard substances.
Include the purchasing department in developing standards for evaluating hazardous
chemicals prior to purchase. These substances may include:
• fixer and developer baths from X-ray departments
• heavy-metal-based compounds containing silver, lead, copper, cadmium, chromium,
mercury, or manganese
• reactive/explosive substances such as azides and peroxide compounds such as
hydrogen
• peroxide, perchloric acid, peracetic acid, and perborates
• hazardous microbiological cultures, dyes and solvents (e.g., gentian violet)
• tissue fixing chemicals (e.g., osmium tetroxide, aldehydes or ethidium bromide used in
genetic analysis)
• substances from nuclear medicine/radiology (e.g., radioactive substances and
iodoorganic contrast media)
• used oil, thinners, varnish, and paint residues
• concentrates of disinfectants and cleaning agents, bleaches and detaching agents
• solvent mixtures (e.g., turpentine and nitro thinners)
• sterilization gases (e.g., ethylene oxide)
• anesthesia gases
• formaldehyde (formalin), ethanol, and xylene from pathology operations
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Operations
Chemical Management
CM Credit 2 continued
Indoor Pollutant Source Control: High Hazard Chemicals
• Minimize the use of hazardous chemicals in specific applications:
• Substitute glutaraldehyde (GA) and Ethylene Oxide (EtO) sterilants when safer
alternatives that maintain infection control standards are available.
• Where glutaraldehyde must be used, ensure that enclosed reprocessing units limit the
Threshold Limit Value (TLV - 15 min STEL) to 0.05 ppm or less.
• Install controls for all high level chemical disinfectants and sterilants consistent with a
presumption of high hazard.
Documentation
Q Document policy regarding receiving, handling, storage and disposal of high hazard
substances. Develop a registry of environmentally hazardous substances and materials,
indicating the name of the compound, hazardous classification, usage and quantities,
safety and environmental precautions, waste disposal requirements, and monitoring
requirements.
Q Document policy mandating elimination of glutaraldehyde and ethylene oxide or
compliance with American Congress of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Threshold Limit Value of 0.05 ppm.
Q Compile an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Plan indicating routine review of locations of
sterilization equipment, copiers, and other indoor pollutant sources to ensure that IAQ will
be maintained.
Q Include review of equipment locations as part of the initial building commissioning plan.
Periodically monitor locations of installations of all portable sterilizing equipment.
Reference Standards
American Congress of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), www.acqih.org.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Health care organizations should seek least toxic alternatives to processing equipment chemical
use, including Phasing out the use of glutaraldehyde, xylene, and other chemicals used in
sterilization processes.
Develop material handling and processing guidelines as a part of an environmental management
system, and monitor implementation of guidelines as a part of final building commissioning.
Guidelines should reduce consumption of hazardous materials, and prevent potential
contamination of the surrounding environment. Consider providing dedicated centralized areas for
receipt of, return of, and/or safe disposal of, hazardous materials. Also consider providing
dedicated space in each lab for receipt of, return of, and/or safe disposal of, hazardous materials.
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Operations
Chemical Management
CM Credit 2 continued
Indoor Pollutant Source Control: High Hazard Chemicals
Include an area for reporting of all hazardous material "transactions" to central inventory system.
Develop decanting procedures that eliminate waste or allow for recycling of waste streams.
Minimize proliferation of hazardous materials in laboratories by developing "just in time" inventory
system.
Provide coordinated materials transport strategy that allows efficient "just in time" delivery of
hazardous materials. Use alternative equipment or laboratory methods designed to reduce
consumption of hazardous materials.
Resources
Greener Hospitals: Improving Environmental Performance, Edited by: Environment Science Center,
Augsburg, Germany with support of Bristol-Myers Squibb (www.wzu.uni-
augsburg.de/Publikationen/WZU Publikationsreihe.html).
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Operations
Chemical Management
1 point CM Credit 3.1
Chemical Discharge: Chemical Waste Minimization Plan
Intent
Protect natural habitat, waterways and water supply from pollutants carried by building discharge
water.
| Health Issues
The chemical composition of wastewater can have varying concentrations of
specific chemicals that may represent exposure risks to aquatic ecosystems and
public health. Wastewater from a 'typical' clinical laboratory could contain ionic
mercury and organomercuric compounds, other heavy metals, organic
chemicals, formaldehyde, blood products and body fluids and particulate matter,
for example.
Credit Goals
• Protect municipal sewage treatment works from pollutant discharge from building operations.
• Prepare a chemical waste minimization plan to minimize or eliminate chemical waste
drainage to the sanitary sewer system that includes:
• A listing of chemical products and systems for the evaluation and implementation of least
toxic alternatives. Priority areas include: Dialysis, Environmental Services, Facilities
Management/Engineering, Laboratory/Pathology/Histology, Nutrition Services,
Pharmacy, Radiology, Sterile Processing, Laundry and Surgical Services.
• A description of chemical storage areas and description and implementation of secondary
containment.
Documentation
Q Prepare a statement from a responsible party establishing the elimination of chemical
waste to drain in cooling tower blowdown and/or boiler blowdown; prepare drawings and
equipment specifications.
Q Compile regulations of the relevant Water & Sewer Utility indicating the maximum
acceptable levels of effluent permitted.
Q Compile testing records, made quarterly for one year, showing compliance with the Credit
Goals.
Q Develop an action plan to eliminate, minimize, substitute, recycle, and dispose of harmful
chemicals safely, improving distribution, and limiting quantities, storage and waste.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
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Operations
Chemical Management
CM Credit 3.1 continued
Chemical Discharge: Chemical Waste Minimization Plan
Potential Technologies & Strategies
A hospital's main wastewater discharge flow may not warrant pre-treatment (except neutralization
or radioactive decontamination). However, partial flows from hospital functional areas (e.g.,
laboratories, oncology, and pathology) should be carefully evaluated for opportunities to reduce
discharge and improve quality.
Emphasize source reduction from discharge of all hazardous chemicals. Sources of toxic
chemicals from health care facilities include infectious substances, laboratory discharge, building
system operations, housekeeping (e.g. solvents and disinfectants), food services (e.g. soaps,
chlorine), and diagnostic and treatment areas (e.g. glutaraldehyde, radioactive substances). In
principle, it should always be assumed that waste materials, until properly evaluated, should not
be disposed of in the wastewater system.
Minimize use of hazardous materials in relationship to testing and experimental volume.
Use automated laboratory equipment that maximizes sample throughput while minimizing sample
size, reagent quantity, and waste streams. Work with EHS personnel and wastewater authorities
in developing action plan.
Explore technologies and strategies to eliminate chemical waste to drain in cooling tower and
boiler blowdown. Treat blowdown so that chemical treatment can be reclaimed for re-use.
Take steps to prevent accidental discharges to drain, such as raised lips around cup sinks,
working over trays.
Use non-chemical water treatments such as ozonation or ultraviolet radiation.
Hospitals are one of the few known sources of the heavy metal gadolinium (from nuclear
magnetic resonance imaging) in wastewater. Little is known about gadolinium's environmental
impact.
Discharging concentrates of disinfecting and cleaning agents should be avoided — particularly
chlorine, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and products containing nonylphenol
(potentially estrogenic effect) and strong cleaning ingredients.
Resources
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E) has published materials to assist in the development of a
chemical minimization plan, www.h2e-online.ora/tools/chemical.htm.
Medical, Academic and Scientific Community Organization (MASCO), Boston, MA: Mercury WorkGroup,
www.masco.ora/mercurv/techid/tvpes.html.
Greener Hospitals: Improving Environmental Performance, Edited by: Environment Science Center,
Augsburg, Germany with support of Bristol-Myers Squibb (www.wzu.uni-
augsburg.de/Publikationen/WZU Publikationsreihe.html).
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Operations
Chemical Management
1 point CM Credit 3.2
Chemical Discharge: Pharmaceutical Waste Discharge
Intent
Reduce pharmaceutical wastes in sanitary sewer discharge.
| Health Issues
A study by the US Geological Survey found pharmaceutical residue in 80% of
water tested in the U.S. in testing conducted in 1999 and 2000. The chemical
composition of wastewater can have varying concentrations of specific chemicals
that may represent exposure risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health.
Wastewater treatment facilities were not designed to treat pharmaceutical
wastes. Many are hazardous; antibiotics and hormones affect species
downstream of treatment facilities.
Credit Goals
• Develop an integrated pharmaceutical waste management system in which all waste bulk
chemotherapy items are segregated and managed as hazardous waste, all other waste
Pharmaceuticals are segregated into hazardous or non-hazardous waste, and no antibiotics,
hormones or other pharmaceutical waste is drain disposed to the sanitary sewer system.
• Develop a pharmaceutical waste minimization plan that includes:
• Non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste: Segregate into dedicated containers for disposal
at a regulated landfill permitted to accept non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste;
• Non-chemotherapy pharmaceutical waste that meets the definition of a hazardous waste:
Identify, segregate, label, store, and manage as hazardous waste as defined in the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
• Bulk chemotherapy waste: Segregate from trace chemotherapy waste, label, store, and
manage bulk chemotherapy waste as hazardous waste as defined in the RCRA.
Documentation
Q Compile and maintain an Integrated Pharmaceutical Waste Management Plan that
addresses the above Credit Goals.
Q Document the process used to dispose of all regulated pharmaceutical waste items.
Reference Standards
Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) is described at http://www.epa.gov/rcraonline/.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Examine all non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste and segregate it into dedicated containers for
disposal at a regulated landfill permitted to accept non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste.
Uncontrolled disposal of mercury-containing drugs, diagnostic agents (e.g., Thiomersal®),
disinfectants (e.g., Merbromin®, Mercurochrome® and Nitromersol®), and diuretic agents (e.g.,
mercurophyllin) should be avoided.
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Operations
Chemical Management
CM Credit 3.2 continued
Chemical Discharge: Pharmaceutical Waste Discharge
Resources
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E) has publishede materials to assist in the development of a
chemical minimization plan, http://www.h2e-online.ora/tools/chemical.htm.
U.S. EPA http://web.archive.ora/web/20030627025308/www.epa.aov/esd/chemistrv/ppcp/greenpharmacv-
intro.htm.
Greener Hospitals: Improving Environmental Performance, Edited by: Environment Science Center,
Augsburg, Germany with support of Bristol-Myers Squibb (www.wzu.uni-
augsburg.de/Publikationen/WZU Publikationsreihe.html).
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Chemical Management
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Operations
Waste Management
Waste Management
Required WM Prerequisite 1
Waste Stream Audit
Intent
Establish minimum source reduction and recycling program elements and quantify current waste
stream production volume.
| Health Issues
Since the 1998 Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. EPA and the
American Hospital Association mandating a 33% reduction in total waste
volumes by 2005 and 50% by 2010, hospitals have initiated ambitious waste
sorting and recycling programs. In response to the 1996 EPA finding that
medical waste incineration was the leading contributor to dioxin emissions in the
United States, many hospitals have dramatically reduced the volume of medical
waste that is incinerated, and have installed alternative technologies on site.
Moreover, hospitals are returning to the use of reusable rather than disposable
products, which reduces reliance on waste processing systems. Each of these
responses reduces the release of highly toxic chemicals into the environment.
Initiating and implementing a Waste Management Plan generates cost savings,
as tipping fees for waste disposal continue to increase. Reducing medical waste
volumes lowers disposal costs, while proper waste stream management allows
for safer, effective disposal methods.
Credit Goals
• Conduct a waste stream audit of the ongoing waste stream to establish a current baseline
identifying the types and amounts of waste stream constituents. At a minimum, the audit
should determine the amounts for paper, glass, plastics, cardboard, regulated medical waste,
hazardous waste and metals in the waste stream. Operate over the performance period a
procurement/management policy to reduce waste stream through purchasing strategies,
collection station equipment and occupant education.
Documentation
Q Complete the waste stream audit to establish building waste baseline.
Q Compile the procurement/management policy implemented to reduce waste stream
through purchasing strategies, collection station equipment and occupant awareness
notices.
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Operations
Waste Management
WM Prerequisite 1 continued
Waste Stream Audit
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Develop a plan to reduce the building's waste stream. Start by conducting a waste stream audit to
establish a current baseline. Then evaluate how each type of waste identified in the waste stream
can be reduced through source reduction, reuse and recycling.
Finally develop, implement and maintain the building's waste reduction plan including
procurement/management policies to reduce waste stream through purchasing strategies, reuse
and recycling, collection station equipment and agreements, and occupant education needed for
the successful achievement of the waste reduction goals.
The waste reduction plan should include consideration of the following:
• avoiding waste by modifying a process/procedure (for example, emphasize electronic
rather than paper record-keeping systems)
• buying environmentally-friendly products
• managing waste (separation of different kinds of waste; recycling)
• examining materials to see if they pose a potential environmental or health risk prior to
their purchase and use
• reducing the amount of products and equipment containing chlorinated polymers (e.g.,
neoprene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated
polyethylene (CPE), chlorosulfinated polyethylene (CSPE))
• identifying toxic substances, including lab chemicals and reducing the amount used,
particularly those chemicals classified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals
(PBTs)
• evaluating waste and waste sources regularly and looking for markets for waste products
Resources
Chapter 5, Greener Hospitals: Improving Environmental Performance, Edited by: Environment Science
Center, Augsburg, Germany with support of Bristol-Myers Squibb (www.wzu.uni-
augsburg.de/Publikationen/WZU Publikationsreihe.html).
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Operations
Waste Management
3 points WM Credit 1
Total Waste Reduction
Intent
Reduce solid waste disposal in landfills and incinerators generated by health care facilities
through reduction, reuse, recycling and composting.
| Health Issues
Since the 1998 Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. EPA and the
American Hospital Association mandating a 33% reduction in total waste
volumes by 2005 and 50% by 2010, hospitals have initiated ambitious waste
sorting and recycling programs. In response to the 1996 EPA finding that
medical waste incineration was the leading contributor to dioxin emissions in the
United States, many hospitals have dramatically reduced the volume of medical
waste that is incinerated, and have installed alternative technologies on site.
Moreover, hospitals are returning to the use of reusable rather than disposable
products, which reduces reliance on waste processing systems. Each of these
responses reduces the release of highly toxic chemicals into the environment.
Initiating and implementing a Waste Management Plan generates cost savings,
as tipping fees for waste disposal continue to increase. Reducing medical waste
volumes lowers disposal costs, while proper waste stream management allows
for safer, effective disposal methods.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period a Waste Management Plan and implementation
strategies to prioritize reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting to divert wastes from
disposal in landfills and incinerators.
• Incorporate steps into the facility's Waste Management Plan to eliminate, minimize, substitute
and safely dispose of wastes generated by the facility using reduction of disposables and
single use devices.
• Incorporate steps into the facility's Waste Management Plan that address the separation,
collection and storage of materials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, glass,
plastics, cardboard/OCC, metals, batteries and fluorescent lamps. The Plan should be
designed to collect and recycle a minimum of 95% of batteries and a minimum of 95% of
fluorescent lamps discarded. Each time reusable architectural elements, such as panels, are
moved and reinstalled, they can be counted as part of the total waste stream and included in
the recycled component of the waste stream.
• Incorporate steps into the facility's Waste Management Plan to implement best available
technology (BAT) alternatives to incineration
AND
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Operations
Waste Management
WM Credit 1 continued
Total Waste Reduction
• For existing health care facilities, reduce total waste below 1998 levels as indicated in the
table which follows (by weight or volume):
Credit
Credit
Credit
1.1
1.2
1.3
Reduce
Reduce
Reduce
30%
40%
50%
of total
of total
of total
waste
waste
waste
stream
stream
stream
(1
(1
point in
point in
addition
addition
to
to
1.1)
1.2)
Documentation
Q Complete the Waste Management Plan, highlighting the types and volumes or weights of
total wastes generated, and the volumes or weights of regulated medical waste,
demonstrating compliance with above.
Q Compile a copy of the organizational recycling policy.
Q Compile quarterly summary reports on the total waste produced by the building along
with hauler documentation and calculations of the amount of each type of waste that has
been disposed of or recycled over the performance period.
Reference Standards
The American Hospital Association (AHA) and the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding identifying goals to reduce the impact of
health care facilities on the environment, including specific waste reduction goals.
http://www.h2e-online.org/about/mou.htm.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
The waste management plan should stipulate the categories and volumes of waste for disposal
and the methods of handling and disposal of each type of waste. At a minimum, the Plan should
consider general trash, medical and infectious wastes, and hazardous waste. The plan should
outline waste reductions achieved through environmentally preferable purchasing strategies, such
as reduction of single use devices.
Provide dedicated central areas for receiving, returning, and/or safely disposing of hazardous
materials. Segregate and secure biohazardous and environmentally hazardous materials,
including mercury, nuclear reagent waste, and other regulated waste types.
Operational strategies include, for example, installation of reusable sharps containers,
substitution of reusable versus disposable food service products and Operating Room
instruments and linens, substitution of reusable for disposable gowns, reduction in packaging
waste through specific contractual terms with supply vendors.
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Operations
Waste Management
WM Credit 1 continued
Total Waste Reduction
Assess all commodities received to reduce or eliminate unnecessary packaging, e.g., purchase
bulk shipments in large containers rather than individual packaging, investigate shrink-wrapped
shipment rather than elaborate boxing. Encourage vendors to creatively reduce their packaging
and specify as a purchasing preference.
Resources
Hospital Waste Reduction, California Integrated Waste Management Board, February 1999.
www. ciwmb. ca.gov.
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Operations
2 points
Waste Management
WM Credit 2
Regulated Medical Waste Reduction
Intent
Reduce solid waste disposal in landfills and incinerators generated by health care facilities
through reduction, reuse, recycling and composting.
| Health Issues
In response to the 1996 EPA finding that medical waste incineration was the
leading contributor to dioxin emissions in the United States, many hospitals have
dramatically reduced the volume of medical waste that is incinerated, and have
installed alternative technologies on site. Moreover, hospitals are returning to the
use of reusable rather than disposable products, which reduces reliance on
waste processing systems. Each of these responses reduces the release of
highly toxic chemicals into the environment.
Reducing medical waste volumes lowers disposal costs, while proper waste
stream management allows for safer, effective disposal methods.
Credit Goals
Credit 2.1 -1 point
• Demonstrate that total regulated medical waste volume or weight is less than 10% of the
solid waste stream from the facility.
Credit 2.2 -1 point
• Demonstrate that incineration is used only to dispose of the fraction of the regulated medical
waste stream required by regulations to be incinerated. (Pyrolysis is not considered an
acceptable alternative to incineration.)
Documentation
Q Review the Waste Management Plan, highlighting the types and volumes or weights of
total wastes generated, and the volumes or weights of regulated medical waste,
demonstrating compliance with above.
Q Document on-site alternative (non-incineration and non-pyrolysis) medical waste
treatment technologies, and a description of the technology selected OR obtain a
contract with a provider for off-site alternate (non-incineration and non-pyrolysis)
technology waste treatment.
Reference Standards
1998 Memorandum of Understanding (MOD) between American Hospital Association (AHA) and
the U.S. EPA identifies pollution prevention goals for health care facilities, including waste
reduction goals, http://www.h2e-online.org/about/mou.htm
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Operations
Waste Management
WM Credit 2 continued
Regulated Medical Waste Reduction
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Assess all red bag generating locations and maximize reduction opportunities. Assess each
location for detailed function. Provide adequate training for all staff to ensure only appropriate
discards are disposed in red bags. Remove unnecessary red bag receptacles as they will
encourage inappropriate disposal.
Resources
Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies, Health Care Without Harm, August 2001.
www.noharm.ora.
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Operations
Waste Management
1 point WM Credit 3
Food Waste Reduction
Intent
Reduce solid waste disposal in landfills and incinerators generated by health care facilities
through reduction, reuse, recycling and composting.
| Health Issues
A 1998 Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. EPA and the American
Hospital Association targeted a 33% reduction in total waste volume by 2005;
50% by 2010. Food and organics are the second largest constituent of the
health care waste stream, comprising close to 20% of the solid waste volume in
medical facilities with food service operations.
A significant strategy to divert waste constituents from disposal while also
contributing to ecosystem health is through beneficial reuse of organic matter.
Composting organic matter and applying it to the soil increases soil
micronutrients, and reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers and their associated
industrial, ecologic and health burdens.
Credit Goals
• Develop a food waste diversion and collection plan, consistent with health and solid waste
regulations, for all food use areas including but not limited to: catering, patient rooms,
cafeteria and food preparation areas.
• Divert a minimum of 75% of food service organic waste by weight from the solid waste
stream. Diversion may include any combination of animal feed, compost or donation. Provide
controlled areas to facilitate easy removal of food waste, consistent with facility Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) plan.
Documentation
Q Prepare a space program and plan showing the area(s) dedicated to food waste
collection and storage (and composting if applicable).
Q Prepare a copy of contract(s) with food waste hauler (or others) demonstrating
compliance with the intent of this credit.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Include the requirements associated with the food waste collection system in the space program,
including storage spaces. Determine size of spaces based upon volume of projected waste and
length of time anticipated for storage. Consider integrated pest management issues in design.
Consider implementation of on site composting programs for kitchen and food wastes, or contract
with private or municipal compost ventures or farmers for handling of food waste.
Consider donation of unused foods to local food banks and/or related organizations.
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Operations
Environmental Services
Environmental Services
2 points ES Credit 1
Outdoor Grounds & Building Exterior Management
Intent
Encourage grounds/site/building exterior management practices that preserve ecological integrity,
enhance biodiversity and protect wildlife while protecting the health of building occupants.
| Health Issues
Building occupants' health can be directly impacted by the use of pesticides,
including herbicides, insectides, fungicides, and termiticides, and toxic snow
removal chemicals. In health care environments, pesticides applied outdoors
can impact indoor air quality when applied proximate to air intakes and by being
tracked inside on shoes and equipment. Many chemicals commonly used on
health care facility grounds have not been tested for their low-level, long-term
health impacts. Some pesticides are included on Persistent Bioaccumulative and
Toxic Chemical (PBT) lists for avoidance.
Credit Goals
• Have in place over the performance period a low-impact site and green building exterior
management plan that addresses the topics listed below. One point is earned for each four
items addressed:
• Maintenance equipment
• Plantings
• Animal and vegetation pest control
• Landscape waste
• Fertilizer use
• Snow removal (where applicable)
• Cleaning of building exterior
• Paints and sealants used on building exterior
• Other maintenance of the building exterior
Documentation
Q Compile a narrative overview of an organizational management plan for
establishing/maintaining a low-impact site and building exterior plan that addresses and
specifically highlights the actions from the list in the Credit Goals that are being
implemented.
Q Compile quarterly reports over performance period documenting that this management
plan is being implemented on an ongoing basis.
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 1 continued
Outdoor Grounds & Building Exterior Management
Reference Standards
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Have in place over the performance period a low-impact site and green building exterior
management plan that addresses overall site management practices, chemical/fertilizer/pest
management/snow removal practices, building exterior cleaning and maintenance practices.
Prepare plan for establishing and maintaining a least toxic grounds management strategy that
includes the implementation of IPM and Plant Health Care (PHC) programs.
Use indigenous and/or drought-tolerant plants that are naturally resistant and that provide food for
wildlife. Provide water sources for wildlife drinking and bathing unless doing so would enhance
rodent or other pest populations or would encourage wildlife in the vicinity of the facility.
Implement low impact fertilizer programs.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a coordinated approach to pest control that seeks to
prevent unacceptable levels of pests by the most cost-effective means with the least possible
hazard to building occupants, workers, and the environment. The focus of IPM is on non-
chemical prevention of pest problems. IPM emphasizes consideration of all management options.
Preferential management methods include cultural, mechanical, physical, and biological controls,
with a least hazardous pesticide used only as a last resort. "Least toxic" pesticides refers to
those that have low or no acute or chronic toxicity to humans, affect a narrow range of species,
and are formulated for application in a manner that limits or eliminates exposure of humans and
other non-target organisms. See EPA website for list of pesticides.
Also include green landscape management actions, such as using a greater variety of plants,
using more native plants, reducing size of lawns, changing maintenance practices, reducing the
use of power equipment, stormwater control, using fertilizer on an as-needed basis, composting
waste, applying integrated pest management, creating wildlife habitat, avoiding/removing invasive
plants, protecting natural areas and using plants to reduce heating and cooling needs.
Plant health care management is a concept in managing landscape developed from Integrated
Pest Management. PHC emphasizes plant health and horticultural practice, recognizing that
health is impacted not only by pests, but improper irrigation, compacted soils, and other
landscape conditions. In landscape maintenance, keep vegetation, shrubs and mulch a minimum
of 1' away from structures. Apply organic fertilizers several times annually rather than a single,
heavy application. Use methods of spot treatment of non toxic or least toxic pesticides rather
than area wide applications. Use mulching mowers to significantly reduce yard waste generation,
fertilizer needs and water consumption through retention of organic matter.
Investigate least toxic snow removal strategies (including snowmelt piping, canopies or covered
walkways) and identify low impact sites for dumping snow.
Include green cleaning and maintenance practices and materials that minimize environmental
impacts in the green building exterior management plan.
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 1 continued
Outdoor Grounds & Building Exterior Management
Resources
Pennsylvania Green Building Operations and Maintenance Manual;
www.das.state.pa.us/das/lib/das/green blda/areenbuildinabook.pdf.
Healthy Hospitals, Controlling Pest without Harmful Pesticides, 2003.
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment: www.h2e-online.org.
Beyond Pesticides: www.bevondpesticides.org.
Health Care Without Harm: www.noharm.org.
Insect Management for the Interiorscape Environment:
http://ipm.ncsu.edu/lnteriorScapes/insect.html.
US EPA, Integrated Pest Management for Schools: A How-to Manual, EPA 909-B-97-001,
March, 1997. www.epa.aov.
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Operations
Environmental Services
2 points ES Credit 2
Indoor Integrated Pest Management
Intent
Reduce human exposure to physical and chemical hazards and odors associated with pest
management products and practices by employing custodial operations that use safe methods
and low-toxicity or non-toxic pest management products.
Health Issues
The health of building occupants is directly impacted by the use of chemical
pesticides, termiticides, and rodenticides. In health care environments,
pesticides may impact the indoor air quality both in their exterior applications
proximate to air intakes, and in the use of chemical pesticides for indoor pest
control. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a cost effective coordinated
approach to pest control that seeks to prevent unacceptable levels of pests with
the least possible hazard to building occupants, workers, and the environment.
The focus of IPM is on non-chemical prevention of pest problems. Preferential
management methods include cultural, mechanical, physical and biological
controls, with least hazardous pesticides used only as a last resort.
Credit Goals
• Develop and implement an Integrated Pest Management Program for managing pest control
in the building interior, including, at a minimum:
• Methods of identifying pests and monitoring levels of infestation.
• Stated action thresholds, or the level of infestation that can be tolerated.
• Listing of preventive or corrective actions to be employed (such as sanitation, structural
repairs, and ongoing maintenance), traps, and the judicious use of least toxic chemical
pesticides.
• The plan shall promote safer alternatives to chemical pesticides while preventing economic
and health damage caused by pests. The plan shall implement the use of IPM techniques to
reduce the need for reliance on chemical pesticides. When pesticides may be necessary, the
plan shall ensure that clear and accurate notification concerning the use of pesticides be
made available so that measures may be taken to prevent and address pest problems
effectively without endangering occupants, janitorial workers or visitors.
• The plan shall include a communication strategy to provide notification of the IPM system.
This shall include information and notice to tenants or directly to occupants in an owner-
occupied building. The notice shall include a description of the integrated pest management
system and a list of all pesticides, including any least toxic pesticide that may be used in the
building as part of the integrated pest management system; the name, address, and
telephone number of the contact person of the building; and a statement that the contact
person maintains the product label and material safety data sheet (MSDS) of each pesticide
used in the building, that the label or MSDS is available for review upon request, and that the
contact person is available for information and comment.
• The communications strategy shall address "Universal Notification," which requires
notification not less than 72 hours before a pesticide, other than a least toxic pesticide, is
applied in a building.
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 2 continued
Indoor Integrated Pest Management
• The plan shall address under what circumstances an emergency application of pesticides in a
building or on surrounding grounds being maintained by the building can be conducted
without complying with the earlier provisions. In addition, address notification strategies to
ensure that occupants and janitorial workers are notified within 24 hours of the pesticide
application.
Documentation
Q Compile the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program developed by the facility.
Q Verify that the Integrated Pest Management Program has been followed during the
performance period.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Basic IPM strategies include maintenance and repair of the basic structural integrity of the
building, including:
• Design and construct buildings to be as pest resistant as possible and maintain them
well.
• Eliminate cracks and holes to keep pests out. Lightly dust gaps between walls and other
voids with boric acid before closing them up.
• Eliminate cracks and holes to keep pests out. Lightly dust gaps between walls and other
voids with boric acid before closing them up.
• Use physical barriers to block pest entry and movement (such as door sweeps, screens
at chimneys and air intakes, doors and windows).
Implement and enforce sanitation procedures to limit pests' access to food and drink. Address
leaky faucets, condensation on pipes, and all edibles. Store refuse in tightly sealed containers,
and in controlled areas of the building.
Use least toxic pesticides judiciously only as last resort. "Least toxic" are those that have low or
no acute or chronic toxicity to humans, affect a narrow range of species, and are formulated for
application in a manner that limits or eliminates exposure of humans and other non-target
organisms.
Examples include products formulated as baits (e.g, boric acid), pastes or gels which do not
volatize in the air and which utilize very small amounts of the active ingredient pesticide,
insecticidal and herbicidal soaps; and microbial pesticides (e.g., bacillus thuringiensis (B.t)
formulated from fungi, bacteria, or viruses that are only toxic to specific pest species but harmless
to humans, and natural substances such as corn gluten meal., See EPA web site for list of least-
toxic pesticides.
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 2 continued
Indoor Integrated Pest Management
Resources:
On Preparing IPM programs and Examples:
Healthy Hospitals, Controlling Pests without Harmful Pesticides, 2003. Beyond Pesticides and Health Care
Without Harm, www.noharm.ora.
US EPA, Integrated Pest Management for Schools: A How-to Manual, EPA 909-B-97-001, March, 1997.
www.epa.gov.
For Chemical Information:
EXTOXNET Pesticide Information Profiles (PIP); http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet.
For information on Alternatives to Pesticides:
Beyond Pesticides, 701 E Street, SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20003,
www.bevondpesticides.org.
The Bio-Integral Resource Center (BIRC), PO Box 7414, Berkeley, CA 94704, www.birc.org.
Washington Toxics Coalition, 4516 University Way, Seattle, WA 98105, www.watoxics.org.
Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides, PO Box 1393 Eugene, OR 77440-1393,
www.pesticide.org.
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Operations
Environmental Services
1 point ES Credit 3
Environmentally Preferable Cleaning Policy
Intent
Limit exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous
chemical, biological and particulate contaminants.
| Health Issues
Sustainable maintenance practices are an essential part of sustainable building.
Traditional cleaning products present a variety of human health and ecological
concerns. They may contribute to poor indoor air quality and contain chemicals
that cause cancer, reproductive disorders, respiratory ailments (including
occupational asthma), eye and skin irritation, central nervous system impairment,
and other human health effects. In addition, some of these products contain
persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs), are classified as
hazardous waste, and/or otherwise contribute to environmental pollution during
their manufacture, transport, use, and/or disposal.
In health care settings, continuous 24/7 building occupancy leads to the
requirement for cleaning while the building is occupied. Non-toxic and least-toxic
sustainable maintenance products exist for virtually every health care facility
need. Using "green" cleaners can reduce maintenance costs, protect the
environment, safeguard the health of building occupants, increase employee
productivity and improve indoor air quality.
Credit Goals
• Develop and maintain an environmentally preferable cleaning policy for all surfaces, including
floors, walls, furniture and medical equipment addressing:
• Sustainable floor care systems that employ "metal free" floor finish that extends the
period between stripping and recoating for at least 12 months, with a preference for
phthalate-free products.
• Levels of required disinfection for all surfaces.
• Sustainable cleaning systems.
• Use of sustainable cleaning products.
• Use of chemical concentrates and appropriate dilution systems.
• Proper training of maintenance personnel in the hazards, use, maintenance and disposal
of cleaning chemicals, dispensing equipment and packaging.
• Use of hand soaps that do not contain antimicrobial agents (other than as a preservative
system), except where required by health codes and other regulations (i.e., food service
and health care requirements).
• Use of cleaning equipment that does not negatively impact IAQ.
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 3 continued
Environmentally Preferable Cleaning Policy
• Standards should include:
• General cleaning and building maintenance products that comply with the minimum
criteria established by Green Seal's Industrial and Institutional Cleaners Standard GS-37
for those categories covered or California Code of Regulations low-VOC cleaning
Products for those categories not covered.
• Levels of required disinfection for all surfaces. The policy should differentiate those
areas where cleaning of surfaces requires intermediary grade disinfectants (such as
surfaces with routine exposure to blood), areas and surfaces where lower grade
disinfectants/ sanitizers are appropriate, and areas where cleaners (non-FIFRA) products
are sufficient.
• Training of cleaning personnel, quality assurance, infection control and other personnel
involved in maintenance, housekeeping, and purchasing, in both chemical safety as well
as the above specific policies and procedures with regard to floor care systems and
disinfection of surfaces. Training shall include procedures to reduce impacts from
cleaning products on the health of facility occupants and the environment.
• Minimize added fragrances in cleaning products.
Documentation
Q Compile the environmentally preferable cleaning policy adopted by your organization.
Q Verify that this policy has been followed over the performance period.
Q Confirm the chemical and cleaner dispensing and dilution equipment used.
Q Identify the date and activities associated with floor maintenance.
Q Document training of facility maintenance, superintendent and cleaning staff.
Reference Standards
Green Seal Industrial and Institutional Cleaners Standard GS-37,
http://www.greenseal.org/standards/industrialcleaners.htm.
Green Seal Certified Cleaners, http://www.greenseal.org/certproducts.htm.
California Air Resources Board, www.calregs.com.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Have in place over the performance period an environmentally preferable cleaning policy that
addresses sustainable cleaning and hard flooring coating systems products, utilization of
concentrated cleaning products and associated housekeeping protocols. Floor coating products
that are free of metals (e.g., zinc) and phthalates are preferred.
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3 points
Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 4
Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials
Intent
Limit exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous
chemical, biological and particulate contaminants.
Health Issues
Sustainable maintenance practices are an essential part of sustainable building.
Traditional cleaning products present a variety of human health and ecological
concerns. They may contribute to poor indoor air quality and contain chemicals
that cause cancer, reproductive disorders, respiratory ailments (including
occupational asthma), eye and skin irritation, central nervous system impairment,
and other human health effects. In addition, some of these products contain
persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs), are classified as
hazardous waste, and/or otherwise contribute to environmental pollution during
their manufacture, transport, use, and/or disposal.
In health care settings, continuous 24/7 building occupancy leads to the
requirement for cleaning while the building is occupied. Non-toxic and least-toxic
sustainable maintenance products exist for virtually every health care facility
need. Using "green" cleaners can reduce maintenance costs, protect the
environment, safeguard the health of building occupants, increase employee
productivity and improve indoor air quality.
Credit Goals
Adopt and implement sustainable purchasing policy for cleaning products and materials.
Cleaning product and material purchases include building purchases for use by in house staff
or used by outsourced service providers. Calculate the percentage of the total sustainable
material and product purchases on a cost basis that meet the following sustainability criteria:
• Cleaning products that meet the Green Seal GS-37 standard if applicable, OR if GS-37 is
not applicable, use products that comply with the California Code of Regulations
maximum allowable VOC levels.
• Minimize added fragrances in cleaning products.
Credit 4.1
Credit 4.2
Credit 4.3
Purchase sustainable for 30% of annual purchases (1 point)
Purchase sustainable for 60% (1 point in addition to 4.1)
Purchase sustainable for 90% (1 point in addition to 4.2)
Documentation
Compile the organizational policy that specifies use of sustainability criteria for purchases
of covered materials for use in the building or on the site.
Document all covered materials purchases that meet the specified sustainability criteria
and the cost of these purchases over the performance period.
Calculate the fraction of covered materials
sustainability criteria (on a cost basis).
purchased that meet the specified
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 4 continued
Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials
Reference Standards
Green Seal Industrial and Institutional Cleaners Standard GS-37,
http://www.greenseal.org/standards/industrialcleaners.htm.
Green Seal Certified Cleaners, http://www.greenseal.org/certproducts.htm.
California Air Resources Board, www.calregs.com.
Occupational Asthmagen List: www.remcomp.com/asmanet/asmapro/asmawork.htm.
ASTM E1971-98, Standard Guide for Stewardship for the Cleaning of Commercial and
Institutional Buildings.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Operations and maintenance practices ensure that the building functions at its highest levels of
energy efficiency and indoor air quality performance. Scheduled maintenance and cleaning
practices impact energy savings and occupant health and comfort. Effective operations and
maintenance strategies include:
• Phase out the use of flooring materials that require ongoing stripping and waxing
procedures to achieve their performance. Seek out the least toxic stripping and waxing
protocols available for each flooring installation. Equip floor buffers and burnishers with
an enclosed system for capturing chemical vapors and particulate matter generated
during the cleaning process.
• Use high-efficiency vacuum bags or high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in
compliance with cited standards, as carpets tend to be "sinks" for dirt and dust. Maintain
carpets though hot water extraction methods; avoid overwetting. Water-damaged
carpets can harbor mold, mildew or bacteria. .For HEPA Vacuum Systems reference:
ASTM F1977-99 Full Vacuum Fractional Efficiency. For HEPA filters: ASTM 1471-
93(2001) Air Cleaning Performance of a High Efficiency Particulate Air-Filter System.
• Establish cleaning and maintenance protocols in the context of an overall Indoor Air
Quality Plan. Coordinate housekeeping and custodial operations with building ventilation
schedules to ensure that adequate ventilation is provided, both during and after cleaning
activities.
• Replace aerosolized application methods in favor of pour and wipe to decrease airborne
concentrations of chemicals. Use portion control devices such as mechanical
dispensers, which help insure the safe mixing of cleaning solutions, save packaging, and
reduce chemical consumption.
• Refer to applicable state and local ordinances and guidelines; many states are enacting
standards for building maintenance products.
• Specify textiles (upholstery) that can be cleansed with water based, not solvent based
cleaners.
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Operations
Environmental Services
ES Credit 4 continued
Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials
All general cleaning products should be environmentally preferable and, at a minimum, meet the
criteria established by Green Seal's Industrial and Institutional Cleaners Standard GS-37. To
meet Green Seal standards a product must not be acutely toxic to humans; contain no
carcinogens or reproductive toxicants; not be corrosive to eyes or skin; not be a skin sensitizer;
not be combustible; contain no or low VOCs (volatile organic compounds); not be toxic to aquatic
life; be biodegradable; contain low or no phosphorus; be a concentrate; have recyclable or
reusable packaging; contain no alkylphenol ethoxylates, dibutyl phthalate, heavy metals (arsenic,
lead, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium), or ozone-depleting compounds;
and come with proper labeling and training on product use.
Prohibit products that are manufactured with mutagens and teratogens; aerosols; asthma-causing
agents (asthmagens), respiratory irritants, and chemicals that aggravate existing respiratory
conditions; neurotoxins; endocrine modifiers; benzene-based solvents, butoxyethanol, chlorinated
organic solvents, and paradichlorobenzene; very acidic or alkaline products; anti-microbial agents
in hand soaps for patients and visitors; persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs);
and products requiring disposal as hazardous waste. Use combination cleaner/disinfectants; use
fragrances and dyes judiciously, and only as necessary or where appropriate.
Resources
INFORM, Inc. Cleaning for Health: Products and Practices for a Cleaner Indoor Environment, August,
2002, http://www.informinc.ora/cleanforhealth.php.
US EPA," Environmentally Preferable Products Program,"
http://www.epa.aov/oppt/epp/documents/docback.htm.
PA Department of General Services,
www.das.state.pa.us/das/lib/das/areen blda/areenbuildinabook.pdf.
Scorecard- Environmental Defense, www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/index.tcl.
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Environmental Services
1 point ES Credit 5
Environmentally Preferable Janitorial Equipment
Intent
Limit exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous
chemical, biological and particulate contaminants.
| Health Issues
Sustainable maintenance practices are an essential part of sustainable building.
Traditional cleaning products present a variety of human health and ecological
concerns. They may contribute to poor indoor air quality and contain chemicals
that cause cancer, reproductive disorders, respiratory ailments (including
occupational asthma), eye and skin irritation, central nervous system impairment,
and other human health effects. In addition, some of these products contain
persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs), are classified as
hazardous waste, and/or otherwise contribute to environmental pollution during
their manufacture, transport, use, and/or disposal.
In health care settings, continuous 24/7 building occupancy leads to the
requirement for cleaning while the building is occupied. Non-toxic and least-toxic
sustainable maintenance products exist for virtually every health care facility
need. Using "green" cleaners can reduce maintenance costs, protect the
environment, safeguard the health of building occupants, increase employee
productivity and improve indoor air quality.
Credit Goals
• Develop, implement and maintain a policy for the use of janitorial equipment that maximizes
effective reduction of building contaminants while minimizing environmental and health
burdens.
• Required elements in the Cleaning Equipment Policy include:
• Vacuum cleaners meet the requirements of the Carpet & Rug Institute Green Label
Program and are capable of capturing 96% of particulates 0.3 microns in size and
operate with a sound level less than 70dBA.
• Hot water extraction equipment for deep cleaning carpets is capable of removing
sufficient moisture such that carpets can dry in less than 24 hours.
• Powered maintenance equipment including floor buffers, burnishers and automatic
scrubbers is equipped with vacuums, guards and/or other devices for capturing fine
particulates, and shall operate with a sound level less than 70dBA.
• Pro pane-powered floor equipment has high-efficiency, low-emissions engines.
• Automated scrubbing machines are equipped with variable-speed feed pumps to
optimize the use of cleaning fluids.
• Battery-powered equipment is equipped with environmentally preferable gel batteries.
• Where appropriate, active micro fiber technology is used to reduce cleaning chemical
consumption and prolong life of disposable scrubbing pads.
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Environmentally Preferable Janitorial Equipment
• Powered equipment is ergonomically designed to minimize vibration, noise and user
fatigue.
• Equipment has rubber bumpers to reduce potential damage to building surfaces.
• A logbook will be kept for all powered housekeeping equipment to document the date of
equipment purchase and all repair and maintenance activities and include vendor cut
sheets for each type of equipment in use.
Documentation
Q Provide a copy of the environmentally preferable janitorial equipment policy adopted by
your organization.
Q Provide a record of the janitorial equipment used in the building and a log of the
maintenance of each piece of equipment over the performance period. Include vendor
specifications for each type of equipment in use.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Develop, implement and maintain a policy for the use of janitorial equipment that maximizes
effective reduction of building contaminants while minimizing environmental and health burdens.
Evaluate the janitorial equipment currently being used and make a plan for upgrading to janitorial
equipment consistent with this policy.
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Environmentally Preferable Purchasing
1 point EP Credit 1.1
Food: Organic or Sustainable
Intent
Support sustainable food production and improved environmental health through purchase of
organic, drug free and locally produced food products.
| Health Issues
Conventional food production is pesticide intensive resulting in occupational
hazards and the potential for groundwater contamination. Rainfall frequently
contains a variety of agricultural pesticides: a 1995 U.S. Geologic Survey of
urban and agricultural sites found detectable levels of multiple pesticides in every
sample. Foods may be contaminated with pesticide residues above acceptable
food safety limits. Imported food may be contaminated with undue pesticide
residues including pesticides banned domestically (such as DDT).
Credit Goals
• Obtain at least 25% of combined food and beverage purchases from any combination of the
following sources:
• USDA certified organic
• Food Alliance Certified
• Rainforest Alliance Certified
• Protected Harvest
• Fair Trade Certified
AND/OR
• local farms within a 100 mile radius of the facility.
Documentation
Q Verify through purchasing records that at least 25% of combined food and beverage
purchases, based on total dollars expended, meet the requirements of:
• Organic certification through USDA, the State of California or the certifying entity of
another governmental body or through any of the following third party certification
systems: Food Alliance certified, Rain Forest Alliance certified, Protected Harvest, or Fair
Trade certified.
AND/OR
• Local farm sourcing (within 100 mile radius of facility).
Reference Standards
The United States Department of Agriculture oversees the National Organic Standards Program
http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/Consumers/Consumerhome.html.
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Food: Organic or Sustainable
Food Alliance is a third party certifier of sustainable agricultural practices and products. Before
certification is granted, farms and ranches must meet a strict set of environmental and social
criteria covering soil and water conservation, wildlife habitat, pesticide reduction and/or
elimination, safe and fair labor conditions and animal welfare.
http://www.foodalliance.org/certification/FACertification.htm
Fair trade is a dynamic, alternate economic model that strives to protect the market over the long
term including the self reliance of small-scale farmers and protecting vital eco-systems throughout
the developing world thereby strengthening rural communities.
http://www.transfairusa.org/content/about/overview.php
Protected Harvest is an integrated pest management program. The pest management guidelines
developed by the collaboration include guidelines in the following areas: field scouting,
information management, pest management decisions, field management decisions, weed
management, insect management, disease management, soil and water quality, and storage
management. Pesticide toxicity is also assessed quantitatively and is based on specific pesticide
use. Certain pesticides are explicitly prohibited from use. Protected Harvest has an explicit policy
prohibiting the use of genetic engineering, http://www.protectedharvest.org/
Under the auspices of the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN), the Rainforest Alliance and
partner organizations work with farmers to bring their operations up to standards for protecting
wildlife, wild lands, workers' rights and local communities.
http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/programs/agriculture/certification/index.html
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Many smaller local farm sources will not have the resources or will not have completed the
transition to obtain state or USDA organic certification but subscribe to sustainable agriculture
practices and deserve support. Sustainable agriculture is plant and food animal cultivation that is
healthful and humane, economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially just. There is no
single definition for sustainable agriculture, but such a system has certain characteristics,
including:
• Conservation and preservation: The use of land and other natural resources does not
deplete their existence and therefore makes those resources available to future
generations. Chemicals in agriculture are not conducive to sustainability, and therefore
should be used minimally and only when necessary. Conservation in agriculture includes
soil conservation, water conservation and protection, and energy conservation during the
production process.
• Animal welfare: Sustainably raised animals are treated humanely and with respect, and
are well cared for. They are permitted to carry out their natural behaviors, such as
grazing, rooting or pecking, and are provided with a natural diet appropriate for their
species.
• Biodiversity: Rotation of a variety of plant and animal types can enrich the soils nutrients,
prevent disease, and minimize pest outbreaks, whereas continued support of a single
species depletes those resources used by that species alone. Renewal of the ecosystem
is an integral part of sustainability.
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Food: Organic or Sustainable
• Economic viability: In a sustainable agricultural system, farmers earn fair prices for their
products that are appropriate to their reasonable costs. A sustainable system does not
depend on subsidies, because workers are treated fairly, and paid wages and benefits
that allow them to continue their work.
Strive to support local farmers first. Participate in local Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)
farming programs or other regional food distribution initiatives, if applicable to your region.
Encourage local food suppliers and vendors to increase availability of organically grown food
products.
Resources
The Organic Trade Association (OTA) is the membership-based business association for the organic
industry in North America. OTA's mission is to encourage global sustainability through promoting and
protecting the growth of diverse organic trade, http://www.ota.com/index.html.
The Eat Well Guide is designed to help consumers locate sustainably raised meats, eggs, and dairy in their
local area, or by online order if there are few local options, http://www.eatwellauide.org/index.cfm.
National Rural Catholic Conference on the Ethics of Eating, http://www.ncrlc.com/.
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1 point _ EP Credit 1.2
Food: Antibiotics
Intent
Support sustainable food production and improved environmental health through purchase of
organic, drug free and locally produced food products.
| Health Issues _
Widespread use of antibiotics in meat production is raising concerns of antibiotic
pass unchanged into animal waste. Meat can and does become contaminated
during slaughter and meat processing. Often spread onto fields or sold as
fertilizer, manure can contaminate surface or groundwater with antibiotic-
resistant bacteria. The air from livestock barns using antibiotic feeds can contain
several times the concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria as do other
livestock facilities. Widespread use of pesticides is threatening ecological health.
Increased demand for organic foods and adoption of sustainable agricultural
practices lessens these burdens.
Credit Goals
• Establish a meat procurement purchasing policy that includes the following requirements:
• Regularly and consistently inform suppliers of meat, poultry, dairy, and seafood products
of the preference for purchasing products that have been produced without non-
therapeutic use of antibiotics, particularly those that belong to classes of compounds
approved for use in human medicine. Procure a minimum of 50% of the total volume of
such purchasing in compliance with this requirement.
• Chicken: Unless these products are not available to the institution because of local
supply constraints, chicken will only be purchased if it has been produced without the
non-therapeutic use of antibiotics that belong to classes of compounds approved for use
in human medicine; and without any use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
• Poultry other than chicken will receive a purchase preference if it has been produced
without the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics, particularly those that belong to classes of
compounds approved for use in human medicine.
Documentation
Q Verify through purchasing records that at least 25% of combined food and beverage
purchases, based on total dollars expended, meet the requirements of:
• Organic certification through USDA, the State of California or the certifying entity of
another governmental body or through any of the following third party certification
systems: Food Alliance certified, Rain Forest Alliance certified, Protected Harvest, or Fair
Trade certified.
AND/OR
• Local farm sourcing (within 100 mile radius of facility).
Q Verify through purchasing records that at least 50% of meat, poultry, dairy and seafood
purchases, based on total dollars expended, meet the antibiotics requirements.
Reference Standards
There are no reference standards for this credit..
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Food: Antibiotics
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Enlist support from your medical and infection-control staff. Medical staff and infection control
professionals appreciate the threat of drug resistant disease. However, many are unaware that
antibiotic overuse in agriculture can contributes to the development of resistance. Discuss
amending your facility's antibiotic use guidance policy to include guidance on food service
procurement as it relates to antibiotic use in agriculture.
Work with your Group Purchasing Organization (GPO) - Participate in facility GPO's selection
process for food vendors. Let your contacts there know that you are interested purchasing such
products through them. Inform them that poultry is available without a price premium. If you are
willing to pay a price premium for other meats, make sure you communicate that to them also.
Resources
Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. A Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial
Resistance, p. 9, www.cdc.aov/druaresistance/actionplan/aractionplan.pdf.
Environmental Defense, 2001. When Wonder Drugs Don't Work: How Antibiotic Resistance Threatens
Children, Seniors, and the Medically Vulnerable. Washington, DC: Environmental Defense,
http://www.environmentaldefense.org/documents/162 abrreport.pdf.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Background on Antibiotic Resistance. Atlanta, GA,
www.cdc.gov/druaresistance/communitv.
Infectious Diseases Society of America (2003). Backgrounder: Bad Bugs, No Drugs - Defining the
Antimicrobial Availability Problem,"
http://www.idsocietv.ora/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=7455&TEMPLATE=/ContentManaae
ment/ContentDisplav.cfm.
Joint WHO/FAO/OIE Expert Workshop on Non-human Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance,
Geneva, 1-5 December 2003, Executive Summary,
http://www.who.int/foodsafetv/micro/meetinas/nov2003/en/.
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1 point
Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
EP Credit 1.3
Food: Local Production/ Food Security
Intent
Support sustainable food production and improved environmental health through purchase of
organic, drug free and locally produced food products.
| Health Issues
Local food production reduces the fuel consumption and accompanying
emissions associated with long distance transport. Large centralized farms tend
to increase unhealthy practices such as large feedlots and more intensive large
scale mono-cropping that increase air and runoff water pollution. Conventional
food production is pesticide intensive resulting in occupational hazards and the
potential for groundwater contamination. Rainfall frequently contains a variety of
agricultural pesticides: a 1995 U.S. Geologic Survey of urban and agricultural
sites found detectable levels of multiple pesticides in every sample. Foods may
be contaminated with pesticide residues above acceptable food safety limits.
Imported food may be contaminated with undue pesticide residues including
pesticides banned domestically (such as DDT).
Credit Goals
Farmers Markets
Host and promote on-site farmers market during growing season(s)
OR
Support and promote local farmers market during growing season.
OR
Farmers-Consumer Links
Provide access and support of direct farmer-to-consumer link, such as Community Supported
Agriculture and/or food box program to patients, with a priority on low income population.
OR
Farms and Gardens
Support on-site food producing garden and/or urban food producing garden programs that are
accessible to the public.
Documentation
Q Document relationship with community-based farming and/or marketing initiatives.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Fresh, nutritious food is available at farmers markets across the United States. Farmers' food
box programs, where farmers drop off a weekly food supply, allow access to nutritious food.
Potential drop off sites include child care centers, and/or local schools or other sites where
families regularly visit.
In many urban areas, vacant lots are converted into urban gardens. Studies have shown that
urban gardens have a measurable impact on nutrition and that access to community gardens is
an important strategy for improving vegetable consumption.
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Food: Local Production/ Food Security
Resources
Community Food Security Coalition
http://www.foodsecuritv.org/
Ripe for Change: Rethinking California's Food Economy addresses the root causes of breakdown in the
food economy and points to solutions and case studies of how an alternative vision can work
http://www.isec.org.uk/ripeforchangepage.html
The primary focus of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's nutrition assistance programs is providing food
security http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsec/
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1 point
Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
EP Credit 2
Janitorial Paper & Other Disposable Products
Intent
Reduce use of virgin paper resources in janitorial paper and other disposable product
applications.
| Health Issues
Each year, US commercial and institutional users consume 4.5 billion pounds of
janitorial paper and 35 billion plastic trash liners. Paper products with high
recycled content reduce sulfur and greenhouse gas emissions during
manufacture, conserve virgin forest resources and contribute to healthier forest
ecosystems.
Credit Goals
• Develop and maintain an environmentally preferable janitorial paper and other disposable
product policy, addressing the following:
• Use disposable janitorial paper products and trash bags that meet the most current
Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) for recycled content. The following
recycled requirements were accurate at the time of printing:
Toilet tissue
Paper hand towels
Industrial wipes
Facial tissues
Plastic trash liners
20% minimum Post Consumer content
40% minimum Post Consumer content
40% minimum Post Consumer content
10% minimum Post Consumer content
10% minimum Post Consumer content
• Give preference to paper products that are manufactured Process Chlorine-Free.
• Use large rolls wherever possible, and hands-free dispensers that limit paper portions.
Do not use C-fold or multi-fold paper towel systems.
Documentation
Q Maintain a copy of the environmentally preferable disposable product purchasing policy.
Q Document that the policy has been followed in purchasing and procurement of supplies.
Reference Standards
EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines, www.epa.gov/cpg/products.htm.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Purchase janitorial products with high post consumer recycled content. Wherever possible, install
roll type dispensers to limit quantities of paper products used.
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1 point EP Credit 3
Electronics Purchasing & Take Back
Intent
Require take back and management services for end of life electronic products to safely manage
hazardous compounds.
| Health Issues
Computers and other electronic wastes contain highly hazardous compounds
and/or metals. Due to the increased sales and shorter life spans of IT
equipment, electronic waste has become one of the world's fastest growing
waste streams. The average electronic product contains hazardous materials
including: chlorinated plastics in cable wiring, brominated flame retardants in
circuit boards, heavy metals like lead and cadmium in Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
monitors, mercury in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or flat panel monitors.
IT equipment contains chemicals that are known or probable teratogens,
persistent bioaccumulative substances, carcinogens, reproductive toxicants,
endocrine disrupters, and mutagens. Less than ten percent of discarded
computers are currently recycled, with the remainder stockpiled or improperly
disposed of in landfills or incinerators or illegally exported to developing countries
for disassembly under unsafe conditions. As a result, the toxic substances can
be released into air, ground and water directly exposing recycling workers and
threatening the global public and ecological health.
Credit Goals
• Establish an IT Assets Management Team with staff from IT, Environmental Services/
Recycling, Procurement, Administration and Risk Officers.
• Develop an IT-Environmental management plan. The IT-Environmental management plan
should include strategies around Procurement, Reduction, Responsible Reuse, and
Responsible Recycling.
• Each of these strategies should be in compliance with federal and state solid waste and
hazardous waste disposal regulations, including Universal Waste Rules, and include:
• Manufacturers' written commitments of equipment take-back at end of product life.
• Verification that only those recyclers that have signed the Recycler's Pledge of
Environmental Stewardship, and verified that they do not export hazardous waste shall
be contracted with.
• A HIPAA compliance plan for electronic products.
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Electronics Purchasing & Take Back
Documentation
Q Document the Electronics Purchasing and Take Back requirements, and periodically
review for continued compliance with the requirements.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Seek product take-back for electronic assets at the end of their useful life at the time of signing
new contracts with equipment manufacturers. Contract only with recyclers that have signed the
Recycler's Pledge of Environmental Stewardship, and that provide adequate documentation
proving they do not landfill, incinerate or export e-waste. Contract for new equipment by seeking
manufacturers that have demonstrated product improvement on key environmental and health
attributes related to both, the product and the manufacturing facility and for products that have
upgradeability options enabling the equipment can have longer use value without being replaced.
Reference Standards
Health Care Without Harm's Procurement Guidelines:
http://www.noharm.org/details.cfm?ID=878&type=document.
For vendors that have signed the Recycler's Pledge, visit:
http://www.ban.org/pledge/Locations.html.
For more information on end-of-life choices for electronic equipment, refer to Hospitals for a
Healthy Environment's document: Healthier Choices for Electronic Equipment: From Procurement
to End-of-Life,
http://www.h2e-online.org/tools/uniwast.htm.
For information on environmentally responsible recyclers: http://www.ban.org/pledge1 .html.
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1 point EP Credit 4.1
Toxic Reduction: Mercury
Intent
Eliminate stand-alone mercury-containing medical devices and eliminate mercury discharge
through product substitution and capture.
| Health Issues
In 1998, a Memorandum of Understanding between the American Hospital
Association and the US EPA set new goals for hospital pollution prevention. One
of the top priorities was the virtual elimination of mercury and mercury-containing
devices from the hospital waste stream by the year 2005. Mercury is a potent
neurotoxin. The most sensitive health effect of mercury is an adverse impact on
the neurological development of fetuses, infants and children. Low-level prenatal
exposure can result in language, memory and attention deficits in children who
were exposed in utero. Hospitals have substantially reduced the purchase of
mercury containing chemicals and medical devices and found substitutes for
many Pharmaceuticals. To achieve virtual elimination of mercury from the waste
stream, however, requires the phasing out and recycling of mercury containing
building products, such as thermostats, switches, batteries, and lamps, for
mercury recovery.
Requirements
• Develop a mercury-free policy.
• Obtain low mercury fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent lamps, and low mercury high
intensity discharge bulbs such that average mercury content in fluorescent tubes and
compact fluorescent lamps does not exceed 5 mg of mercury, and that high-intensity
discharge lamps have the lowest available mercury content, providing that all other
performance specifications are met.
• Eliminate specification and use of barometers, medical devices, and other stand-alone
mercury containing medical equipment.
• Obtain mercury free MRI equipment, wheel chairs, automated beds and other medical and
laboratory equipment.
• Collection and disposal of any mercury devices shall be designated for recycling and
preclude overseas donation/disposal.
• Develop a mercury spill protocol, and hold recaptured mercury for safe disposal.
Documentation
Q Document that the facility is free of mercury containing devices (excepting bulbs and any
devices mandated by Federal law), and that any dental facilities have installed amalgam
separators that meet or exceed the standard ISO-11143.
Q Prepare and adopt an organizational policy specifying that all future purchases of
mercury-containing light bulbs willb e made in such a way that the average mercury
content of the light bulbs is less than the specified level in picograms/lumen hour.
Q Document all acquisitions during the performance period of mercury-containing light
bulbs for use in the building and grounds.
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Toxic Reduction: Mercury
a Include manufacturer Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each type of mercury-
containing light bulb purchased showing mercury content of the light bulbs in milligrams.
Q Compile a copy of the Waste Management Plan highlighting the types of mercury
containing devices in use that are handled by the recycling program and disposal
methods for captured mercury. Include dental wastes, including scrap amalgam,
chairside traps, and separator wastes.
Q Maintain purchasing records and technical data on lamps verifying that the average
mercury concentration for all fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent bulbs is no more
than 5 mg.
Q Verify that high-intensity discharge lamps are purchased with the lowest mercury content,
providing that all other performance specifications are met.
Reference Standards
The American Hospital Association (AHA) and the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding identifying goals to reduce the impact of
health care facilities on the environment. A primary goal included the virtual elimination of
mercury waste from the health care waste stream by the year 2005.
http://www.h2e-online.org/about/mou.htm.
A variety of state laws prohibiting some or all uses of mercury containing medical devices and/or
mercury switches have been enacted into law. These include but are not limited to:
• Maine State law (LD 1159) that prohibits the sale of mercury in switches, measuring
devices (including sphygmomanometers), instruments and thermostats.
• Washington State law (House Bill 1002) that requires the labeling of fluorescent lamps
that contain mercury. Prohibits the sale of mercury-containing items in products such as
thermometers, and thermostats. Sphygmomanometers may not be sold with the
exception of a hospital or health care facility with a mercury reduction plan in place.
• Michigan State law (House Bill 4599) that bans the sale of mercury thermometers.
• Connecticut State law (House Bill 5539) that bans the sale and distribution of mercury
fever thermometers and places restrictions on the sale of other mercury-containing
equipment.
• Massachusetts State law (House Bill 3772) that bans the sale of mercury fever
thermometers.
• California State law (SB 633) that restricts the use and distribution of mercury fever
thermometers and other uses.
• Oregon State law (HB 3007) that phases out mercury thermostats and prohibits the sale
of fever thermometers and other uses.
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Toxic Reduction: Mercury
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Develop a facility wide policy to guide removal and substitution of all mercury containing medical
equipment and devices. Conduct community wide thermometer exchanges to encourage the
public to return mercury containing devices for proper disposal and replacement with digital
alternatives.
Purchase low mercury fluorescent lamps. Advances in lighting technology have greatly reduced
the per bulb mercury concentrations. Low mercury, high intensity discharge lamps are
increasingly available. Consider long life bulbs to reduce costs associated with relamping,
recycling and purchase. Very low mercury fluorescent induction lighting, with instant on-off
control, offering reduced energy usage and long life should be considered.
Stay abreast of lighting technology advances noting the development of LED technologies as
substitutes for fluorescent.
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Toxic Reduction: Di Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate (DEHP)
Intent
Reduce and limit the exposure of patients, staff and visitors to DEHP from clinical products
plasticized with DEHP.
| Health Issues
DEHP is a reproductive toxicant. Under California's Proposition 65 law, DEHP
containing products will be required to be labeled as containing a reproductive
toxicant. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has issued an
FDA Safety Assessment and a Public Health Notification urging health care
providers to use alternatives to DEHP-containing devices for vulnerable patients.
That advisory is consistent with findings issued in a report by the Center for the
Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction of the National Toxicology Program.
In Canada, an expert advisory panel to Health Canada has recommended that
health care providers not use DEHP containing devices in the treatment of
pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, infants, males before puberty and
patients undergoing cardiac bypass hemodialysis or heart transplant surgery.
Phthalates such as DEHP have been measured in virtually all fresh water and
marine environments, including Antarctic pack ice.
Credit Goals
• DEHP is used extensively as a plasticizer in PVC containing products. Facilities shall develop
a DEHP elimination plan. The plan shall require:
• Audit and identify use areas of flexible PVC (or vinyl) plasticized with DEHP. Tubing, IV
and blood bags are the primary end uses for disposable PVC medical products.
• Develop a DEHP-free implementation plan, including timelines for phaseout for
procedures identified by the FDA as high risk.
• According to the FDA these highest risk procedures are total parenteral nutrition in
neonates (with lipids in PVC bag), enteral nutrition in neonates and adults, multiple
procedures in sick neonates (high cumulative exposure), hemodialysis in peripubertal
males or pregnant or lactating women, exchange transfusion in neonates, heart
transplantation or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (aggregate dose), massive
infusion of blood into trauma patient, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in
neonates, transfusion in adults undergoing ECMO.
• The Purchasing Department and/or Group Purchasing Organization require manufacturers to
label DEHP containing products.
• A purchasing policy that gives preference to DEHP-free clinical and other products.
Documentation
Q Prepare the DEHP Elimination Plan, Audit, and Phaseout Plan as required.
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Purchasing
EP Credit 4.2 continued
Toxic Reduction: Di Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate (DEHP)
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Perform a PVC/DEHP audit. Health Care Without Harm has developed a PVC/DEHP Audit Tool
to aid in this process.
Require product acquisition teams/purchasing staff to assess products for DEHP content.
Reference Standards
United States Food and Drug Administration: http://www.fda.gov/.
Health Canada: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpfb-dgpsa/tpd-dpt/eap-dehp-final-report-2002-ian-
11 e.html.
State of California's Proposition 65, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986,
http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/law/P65law72003.html.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65.html.
The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human
Reproduction (CERHR), http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/.
Case studies of facilities that have eliminated DEHP containing medical devices,
http://www.noharm.org/pvcDehp/reducingPVCtfcase.
GREEN GUIDE
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Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
1 point EP Credit 4.3
Toxic Reduction: Natural Rubber Latex
Intent
Eliminate air contaminants and allergens emitted from medical supplies and devices and that
release volatile organic compounds and other chemicals to ensure the health of building
occupants and staff.
| Health Issues
Natural rubber latex is a product manufactured from the milky fluid primarily
derived from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In 1997 the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) issued an alert indicating that exposure
to natural rubber latex can lead to skin rashes; hives; flushing; itching; nasal, eye,
or sinus symptoms; asthma; and (rarely) shock. They noted an increase in
allergic reactions to latex, especially among health care workers. Children with
spina bifida or urologic birth defects are particularly susceptible to latex allergies.
Eliminating materials that emit chemicals recognized as irritants, allergens and/or
asthma triggers minimizes building occupant exposure to conditions that may
prompt and/or prolong an allergic or asthmatic condition.
Credit Goals
• Establish and implement a policy prohibiting the procurement and use of natural rubber latex
surgical gloves, stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, intravenous tubing, syringes,
tourniquets, endotracheal tubes, oral and nasal airways, balloons, and other products and
materials containing natural rubber latex.
• Establish and implement a policy prohibiting the procurement and use of natural rubber latex
in carpet backing.
Documentation
Q Document policy limiting the procurement and use of natural rubber latex products into
buildings.
Q Document purchasing specifications excluding carpet backings with natural rubber latex.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Implement policies that provide for substitute products. Nitrile gloves are effective substitutes for
natural latex products. Mylar balloons in lieu of latex balloons are increasingly commonplace.
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Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
1 point EP Credit 5
Furniture & Medical Furnishings
Intent
Reduce the environmental and health burdens associated with the manufacture, use and disposal
of furniture and medical furnishings products.
| Health Issues
The environmental and health issues surrounding materials used in the
manufacture of furniture products parallel those outlined for building products in
the Material and Resource credits. Significant health impacts are associated with
the use of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs), chrome
plated finishes, and wood harvesting for furniture products manufacture.
PBTs are toxic chemicals of particular health concern because they do not break
down quickly in the environment, they become widely distributed geographically
and they bio-magnify or concentrate in the tissue of living organisms as they
move up the food chain. With a few exceptions, the major source of human
exposures to PBTs in the general population occurs from the consumption of
contaminated food in the ordinary diet. These toxic chemicals cause a range of
adverse wildlife and human health effects, including cancer, and developmental
impacts in the nervous, reproductive, and immune systems, Immature,
developing organisms are the most sensitive to exposures to PBTs.
The furniture industry is a major market for wood products. Human and
environmental health is inextricably linked with forest health. Sustainable forestry
protects water quality by reducing water and soil runoff and pesticide and
herbicide use. Specifying and procuring certified sustainably harvested wood
increases acreage using sustainable management practices. These practices
also protect aquatic life, including threatened and endangered species, and
maintain viable diverse plant life increasing air filtration and carbon dioxide
sequestration. The balancing of carbon dioxide mitigates global climate change,
and thereby reduces the spread and redistribution of disease that can be a
consequence of climate change.
Credit Goals
• Obtain 40% of annual volume of furniture and medical furnishings, based on cost, that
complies with the Credit Goals of Construction: MR Credit 9.1-9.3 Furniture and Medical
Furnishings.
Documentation
Q Prepare a matrix indicating the three Credit Goals and a listing of furniture, indicating that
the requisite amount of furniture complies with the Credit Goals of MR Credits 9.1-9.3.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Referto Construction: MR Credits 9.1-9.3.
GREEN GUIDE
for Health - ««* EP' Pa9e 17 °f 20 Version
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Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
2 points EP Credit 6
IAQ Compliant Products
Intent
Enhance building indoor air quality (IAQ) through procurement and implementation of low-
emitting products and processes.
| Health Issues
Volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) from adhesives and sealants,
paints, and carpet backing contribute to lowering indoor and outdoor air quality
and negatively affecting human health. These VOCs and the carcinogens and
reproductive toxicants addressed by this credit represent a serious health risk to
both the installers and the building occupants. The at-risk populations in a health
care system with impaired immune, respiratory, and neurological systems are
particularly vulnerable to poor indoor environmental conditions, as are children,
pregnant women, the elderly, and those with allergies, asthma or chemical
sensitivities.
Formaldehyde (HCHO) emissions from casework and other engineered wood
and agrifiber products contribute to diminished indoor and outdoor air quality,
negatively affecting human health. Formaldehyde is listed by the U.S. EPA as a
probable human carcinogen, and by the National Institute for Occupational
Safety as a workplace carcinogen.
Credit Goals
Optimize use of air quality compliant materials inside the building to improve the building's
emission profile. Points are awarded for the existence of sustainable product purchasing policies
for the building and site addressing these requirements, and documentation of purchasing during
the performance period in conformance with those policies, as described below. Subsequent re-
certification is tied to both polices and purchasing performance, as described below. At a
minimum, these policies must include the following product groups: paints and coatings,
adhesives, sealants, carpet, composite panels, agrifiber products and building materials used
inside the building. The building materials covered include any building materials used for
improvements, including upgrades, retrofits, renovations or modifications, inside the building.
Calculate the percentage of the total sustainable material and product purchases (on a cost basis
that meet the following IAQ compliance criteria:
• Adhesives and sealants with a VOC content that complies with Construction: EQ Credit 4.1
Credit Goals.
OR
• Paints and coatings with VOC emissions that do not exceed the VOC and chemical
component limits of Green Seal's Standard GS-11 requirements and complies with
Construction: EQ Credit 4.2 Credit Goals
OR
• Carpet that meets the Credit Goals of Construction: EQ Credit 4.3
OR
for Hsatth Care"
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Operations
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
EP Credit 5 continued
IAQ Compliant Products
• Composite panels, agrifiber products and insulation that contain no added urea-formaldehyde
resins and comply with Credit Goals of Construction: EQ Credit 4.4.
Credit 6.1
Credit 6.2
Purchase IAQ compliant for 45% of annual purchases (1 point)
Purchase IAQ compliant for 90% (1 point in addition to 6.1)
Documentation
Q Provide a copy of the organizational policy that specifies use of sustainability criteria for
purchases of covered materials for use in the building.
Q Provide documentation of all covered materials purchased and total cost of these
purchases over the performance period.
Q Provide documentation of all covered materials purchases that meet one or more of the
specified sustainability criteria and the cost of these purchases over the performance
period.
Q Provide a calculation of the fraction of covered materials purchased that meet one or
more of the specified sustainability criteria (on a cost basis).
Reference Standards
Refer to Reference Standards in applicable Construction credits.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
When purchasing materials, supplies or equipment, specify that these must meet one or more of
the specified sustainability criteria.
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Operations
Environmentally Preferable
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GREEN GUIDE
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Operations
Innovation in Operations
Innovation in Operations
4 points
IN Credit 1
Innovation in Operations
Intent
To provide project teams and projects the opportunity to achieve points for exceptional
performance above requirements set by the Green Guide for Health Care: Operations and/or
innovative performance for Green operations strategies not specifically addressed by the Green
Guide for Health Care.
| Health Issues
The health care industry's environmental footprint is continuously evolving, as
are responses to environmental stewardship and responsibility. The health care
industry is uniquely positioned to evolve ever more powerful and innovative
strategies to enhance building performance. These credits are intended to
reward exemplary performance of existing credits and encourage implementation
of innovative operations programs and ideas.
Credit Goals
Credit 1.1 (1 point)
Credit 1.2(1 point)
Credit 1.3(1 point)
Credit 1.4(1 point)
Identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the
proposed requirement for compliance, the proposed
documentation to demonstrate compliance, and the
operational approach used to meet the required
elements.
Same as Credit 1.1.
Same as Credit 1.1.
Same as Credit 1.1.
Documentation
Q Prepare the proposal(s) (including intent, requirement, documentation and operations
approach) and relevant evidence of performance achieved.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Substantially exceed a Green Guide credit threshold such as for energy performance or waste
management. Apply strategies or measures that are not covered by the Green Guide such as
programs that return to procurement of reusable materials, special environmental educational
programs (for example, "Garbage free lunch"), or community environmental programs (such as
mercury thermometer exchanges).
GREEN GUIDE
tor Health Car**
GGHC.
IN-Page 1 of 4
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Operations
Innovation in Operations
1 point IN Credit 2
Documenting Sustainable Operations Business Case Impacts
Intent
Document sustainable building cost impacts.
| Health Issues
Building a business case for sustainable design includes recognition of impact on
operations. Impacts may be quantified in terms of monetary savings or avoided
pollution. Making the business case reinforces the economic viability of adoption
and implementation of sustainable operations policies and programs.
Credit Goals
• Document overall building operating costs for the previous five years (or length of building
occupancy, if shorter), and track changes in overall building operating costs over the
performance period. Document building operating cost and financial impacts of all of the
aspects of Green Guide implementation on an ongoing basis.
Documentation
Q Compile all building operating costs for the previous five years (or length of building
occupancy, if shorter).
Q Track changes in overall building operating costs over the performance period relative to
sustainable performance improvement initiatives implemented and maintained for the
building and the site.
Q Track building operating cost and the financial impacts in building operation covering all
aspects of Green Guide implementation on an ongoing basis.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Track building operating costs to identify positive impacts relative to sustainable performance
improvements to building and operations.
GREEN GUIDE „_
for Htallh ~ GGHC IN' Pa9e 2 °f 4 Version
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Operations
Innovation in Operations
1 point IN Credit 3.1
Documenting Productivity Impacts: Absenteeism & Health Care Cost Impacts
Intent
Document absenteeism, health care cost and productivity impacts of sustainable building
performance improvements.
| Health Issues
There has been little data on Productivity Impacts related to sustainable buildings
in health care. Studies on commercial office buildings have shown that workers
in environments with improved indoor air quality, occupant control of ventilation
and lighting, and access to nature have a reduction in illness/ absenteeism and
increased productivity.
Credit Goals
• Document the history of absenteeism and health care costs for building occupants for the
previous five years (or length of building occupancy with a minimum of 12 months) and track
changes in absenteeism and health care costs (claim costs must be provided and any
reductions in premium costs should be provided if available) for building occupants over the
performance period relative to sustainable building performance improvements.
Documentation
Q Document the history of absenteeism and health care costs for building occupants for the
previous five years (or length of building occupancy with a minimum of 12 months).
Q Track changes in absenteeism and health care costs (claim costs must be provided and
any reductions in premium costs should be provided if available) for building occupants
over the performance period relative to sustainable building performance improvements.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Track absenteeism and health care costs for building occupants to identify positive impacts
relative to sustainable performance improvements to building IEQ and operations.
GREEN GUIDE „_
tor ~ GGHC IN' Pa9e 3 °f 4 Version
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Operations
Innovation in Operations
1 point IN Credit 3.2
Documenting Productivity Impacts: Other Productivity Impacts
Intent
Document other productivity impacts of sustainable building performance improvements.
| Health Issues
There has been little data on Productivity Impacts related to sustainable buildings
in health care. Studies on commercial office buildings have shown that workers
in environments with improved indoor air quality, occupant control of ventilation
and lighting, and access to nature have a reduction in illness/ absenteeism, and
increased productivity.
Credit Goals
• Document other productivity impacts (beyond health impacts outlined in IO Credit 3.1) of
sustainable building performance improvements for building occupants. Address and track
changes in staff recruitment, satisfaction or retention, clinical performance measures (medical
errors, for example) for building occupants over the performance period relative to
sustainable building performance improvements, for a minimum of 12 months.
Documentation
Q Document other productivity impacts for building occupants (beyond those identified in IO
Credit 3.1) of sustainable building performance improvements. The documentation needs
to address the impact on staff recruitment, satisfaction, retention or designated clinical
performance measures for building occupants relative to sustainable building
performance improvements, fora minimum of 12 months.
Reference Standards
There is no reference standard for this credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Set up a system to track changes in the impacts in productivity by building occupants over the
performance period relative to sustainable building performance improvements (beyond those
identified in IN 3.1).
GREEN GUIDE „_
tor Htatth Ca,*~ GGHC IN-Page 4 of 4
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istine Todd Whitman Department of Environmental Protection. ;. RobertVZ. Shinn, Jr.
'ernor . Division of Solid and Hazardous' Waste Commissioner
.','".'•. ':" ;•:.';•'•."•,••••• '•-; CN 421-..,' . .,,.,;'
Trenton, NJ 08625-0421" :
- ... Tel. #603-633-1418
Position on Satellite Accumulation
\ 'Revisions found m'Bold Bracked Jtalics under Application
,Effective 'Date:j__ '8_1996' -•• '' Approval:''
NJ Application Pule fcitations]; N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.3(dVAccumulation of hazardous waste . .
,.. (Commonly known as Satclb'le
. ,-• '^ ' Accumulation)
N.J.A.C. 7:26-7.2-Contamer requirements
N.J.A.C. 7:26-'9:4fdVGeneral facility standards
. (Commonly known as Management ..
-...-,. •. .";^;,J • •''S?&':: ' '•*•' .••• '..-.- , °f containers) '': ;:'•'-: ; .• •;'• ,j.'\v'';' --'..
Federal Rule'Equivalent fcitationsl: 40 CFR 262.34(cVAccumulation Time (SateUite .;- .
:\.\----Vi:";'^v*v:;?^-|5^;-.;-:'- •- ..-'^-^M^^f:: :<.&^fif~#$**h.-$-( Accumulation) ';-/;'-.V":^;;::.>J>^.:vv^-::''•'•'.; ',.;...: .' .
;;,:\'; .-SisT %' . -^v:' v>;; 40 CFR 265.170-Use and Management of Containers'^' '..... •
'•^'•:- :'. • '•• ••?5.';:'-';-:^iJ.S.E.P.A^;Office';6f'SolidV/aste:^ .; '
SateUite Accumulation -"1989 Memo and regulatory •
;••' "•':•''':" • ;-y*v-'vi- •' "• 1;^': >;<^v-'^y.:.•,-;•:•./• V-response"- : •.'r.-y-.'-:- • ' "•"";':-',';.",
. , ,, !J....- . .,t. . ...•.--
The prtsent purpose'of this paper is 1o improve "and clarify the haiaidous wastemanageinent procedures for generators"
who may have satellite accumulation areas. .- ,-.•,>:,--.!-..,•,:. ... ,.:-:'-...-;;.v..-; •.-.--;•••.••• ••.••:.--: ,-;.:• ,'•'
•-••*-•'.:••/•"?TB\'-i::.•;.-.--: ' •••;V^Viv;.":;i-;c\^ - "• '- • '
21) Basis and backgroupd: ,!..-.-.=..•"•-C'•''••.; .- ..•-:-;.-•>-;.•. • ;'•".•,;;. ; i^W-' '
A satelL'te accumuJation area is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) arid the New
Jersey Department of.Environmental Protection (NJDEP) as an area at or hear any point of generatibh'where hazardous
waste initially acxumulatts, and is under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste. [Attachment
A - USEPA Reg^jBtbry.Response].'-These satellite accumulation areas do not have to be permitted nor comply with
N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.3(s)(i-c' 90 day accumulationrequirements)provided that they meet the following requirements set forth
at N.J.A.C. 7:26^3(d):> ."•-- ^, : -
1. The quantity of waste in each accumulation area is less than 55 gallons of hazardous waste or less than one
quart of acutely hazardous Waste listed in N.J.A.C. 7:26-8.15(a)5;
2. The waste is placed in containers, which meet the standards of N.J.A.C. 7:26-7.2 and are managed in
accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.4(d)2, 9.4(d)3, 9.4(d)4i; . .; ,
. .. 3. The accumulatiori area is at or near any point of generation where wastes initially accumulate in a process,
which is under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste; . ~ X .. . .
4. The generator marks the containers with the \voids "Hazardous Waste"; ' " •• ' ;....-•
5. The generator maiks the container with the date that the quantity of waste reaches the volume indicated in
v:_ (d)l 'above; and i--f;.-i.';-"-r'*.--":"«'V-''-^ V' • : '.'•"' • : ."'"f"-,»-!'' "•'•" •• '•.'••'••. -:••-•_". .-- ^v-:.-'u,' • •'•.'•••\ •'' '• '_'
-------
i s '
.
6. Within thjee days after the quantity of waste reaches the volume identified in (d)l above, the generator '
complies with one of the following: .•
i. Places the container in an accumulation area in accordance with NJ.A.C. 7:26-9.3(a); or. .
. ii. Places the container in an on-site authorized facility, as defined at N.J.A.C. 7:26-1.4;
Hi. Transports the container to an off-site authorized commercial hazardous waste facility in accordance
.. with N.J.A.C. 7:26-7. . . •
Ehiring the accumulation period, it is important.to know that both Slate'and Federal regulations describe the type of
containers used and how these containers are managed. [Attachment B - USEPA Memo]. Accordingly, the waste must
first be placed in containers which meet the standards under NJ.A.C. 7c26-7.2; and secondly, the waste must be managed
in accordance with the specific sections of N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.4(d) outlined below: •
• ^ If a container holding hazardous waste is not in good condition, or if it begins to leak, the owner or operator '
shall transfer the hazardous waste from the containerto a container that is in good condition, or manage the waste
in some other way that complies with the requirements under,this section. [N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.4(d)2] • '; '*":•'••'• :
\[. •- The cvraer or operator stall use a centsiner made of or lined with materials which will not react with, arid are.' •
otherwise compatible with the hazardous waste to be stored, so that the ability of th'e container to contain th« .
.waste is not impaired.. [N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.4(d)3] ' .. ; . .;..'.' . f_'..^
. • Management of the contamers shall conform to the following requirement: ', ,. '.:•.•-'-'-. :,:'.-•
The container shall be securely closed so that there is no escape of hazardous waste nor its vapors, except -~ .
during filling or emptying. [N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.4(d)4i]
,..._ . .; . - *' -•;- * ^
.31 Intent; ; .Jyj'.V. •'• --fev/V.:.' '•'•-' "-•."."•'"•;.. .. '""'•"' .'•'. ->::--: • ''••'.
N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.3(d) is intended to relieve generators of .the burden of documentary requirements (i.e. contingency plans, :
personnel training plans and preparedness and prevention arrangements) for on-site locations where wastes are initially ,•
generated and accumulated in a satellite area. In addition to this benefit, generators also have an indefinite .time period .
. " to accumulate up to 55 gallons of hazardous waste or 1 quan of acutely hazardous waste listed in N.J.A.C. 7;26-8.15(a)5 .
in these saiellite areas; and therefore, allows any generator who is subject to full regulation to accumulate a full container .^
/prior to further manag'ement. It is important to note that a small quantity generator (SQG) may go in and out of the ;^x
regulatory system by exceeding the SQG regulatory limits from rime to time. When the SQG exceeds its regulatory ;
. limits, it looses its SQG status and becomes subject to full regulation. If this situation occurs, the generator may then
take advantage of the satellite accumulation regulations.
The following is a list of regulatory applicability determinations that the NJDEP regulatory and enforcement divisions.
have made in' the past and are currently being applied with respect to satellite accumulation:
• A satellite ac-cumulEtioc area will be limited to cne "waste stream" or a combination'of compatible waste -V
- '-- 'rtrtSms? [Definition of B "waste stream": « material generated as a result of a distinct and
r '.*, '{Ift'h'cti '•IKffioiar quantity of hotaidous waste at a sajeUhe accumulation area b LESS THAJV the
'' limit*? 'tnuMpti partially-filled containers may be used at the same time. •
*AccuTnu!afion limit = 55 gallons of hazardous waste or J quart of ocutety hazardous waste,]
There is no limit on the total number of full containers allowed at a satellite accumulation area provided .
that, a), each full container is securely closed and has been marked with the date [when "excess
accumulation " began;} and b). each container is removed from the area within three days /of that date/.
[Definition of "excess accumulation"; when the satellite accumulation area limit has been exceeded], i..
Notwithstanding the fact each satellite accumulation area is in control of an operator, an accumulation «tfCB •"'' '•
..." at or near the point of generation " ... provides no rjaininiunj distance requirement for separating'any '..-.• - -•
satellite accumulation area. Therefore, multiple satellite areas may be located in close proximity to'bne"
another.1 . '.-'. ' .. ':'•'•""" .'r'f"^' '••'' ;':
-------
1 A generator mav accumulate waste in a satellite accumulation aiea exclusively, without having a less than
90 day accumulation area 01 on-site authorized facility, provided ea.ch container is shipped off site within
three days [from the date "excess accumulation" begins].
• There is no time limit for the initial accumulation in satellite areas.
,..»*•" . i»
• A conveyance container (i.e. a laboratory safety can) may be used to move or convey waste from an __^ .
• initial generation point (i.e. a work station) to the actual saRellite'accumulation container. The conveyance —
container itself would not need to be managed in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26-9.3(d). .
• /Containers, such as beakers, flasks or other laboratory glassware including 4-liter bottles, that are
connected to laboratory appaiotus or a piece of equipment, are considered pan of the process and not
subject to accumulation rules and regulations.]
51 Position:
New Jersey's position is that any generator who is subject to full regulation may accumulate less than 55 .gallons of non- •, .
acutely hazardous waste or less than one quart of acutely hazardous waste in a satellite accumulation area at or near the .
point of generation provided that the area is in control of the operator. Within three days after the accumulation limit . .
.. for any particular area has been reached, the waste musl be removed and managed in compliance with NJ.A.C. 7:26- .
• 9.3(d)(6). Note: This position paper supersedes any decisions or positions that were printed in previous documents.
. " If you have any questions concerning New Jersey's position on this subject, please contact the Hazardous Waste
: Regulation Program at (609) 633-1418. ,-
.;, > PRS6(Sl):sj -.-•.%;•..
Regulatory Policy Unit
Enclosures .,-•..
-2/26/96'. ' '^••-••-
•..-..
•
-•'•»" • • *•;. °i • ' '
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Nosocomial Poisoning Associated With Emerg...Organophosphate Toxicity — Georgia, 2000 file:///C|/CURRENT/Pesticides - treatment/mm495Ia2.htm
January 05, 2001 / 49(51);! 156-8
Nosocomial Poisoning Associated With Emergency
Department Treatment of Organophosphate
Toxicity — Georgia, 2000
Emergency department (ED) staff caring for patients contaminated with toxic chemicals are at risk for
developing toxicity from secondary contamination. This report describes three cases of occupational illnesses
associated with organophosphate toxicity caused by exposure to a contaminated patient and underscores the
importance of using personal protection equipment (PPE) and establishing and following decontamination
procedures in EDs and other areas of acute care hospitals.
Patient 1
On April 11, a 40-year-old man intentionally ingested approximately 110 g of a veterinary insecticide
concentrate. The insecticide contained 73% naphthalene, xylene, and surfactant, and 11.6% phosmet. On
clinical examination at a local hospital ED approximately 20 minutes after the ingestion, the patient had profuse
oral and bronchial secretions, vomiting, bronchospasm, and respiratory distress. He was intubated for airway
management and ventilation. To control secretions, he received 4 g pralidoxime and 22 mg atropine during the
next 24 hours. The patient improved over a 9-day period and was transferred to a psychiatric facility.
The patient was brought to the ED by a friend, not by emergency medical services, and the friend developed
symptoms that required treatment. ED personnel exposed to the patient had symptoms within an hour of his
arrival. The staff noted a chemical odor in the ED and contacted the regional poison center, which
recommended decontaminating the patient's skin and placing gastric contents in a sealed container to minimize
evaporation; however, no decontamination was performed.
Health-Care Worker 1
A 45-year-old ED nursing assistant providing care to patient 1 developed respiratory distress, profuse secretions,
emesis, diaphoresis, and weakness. She had contact with the patient's skin, respiratory secretions, and emesis.
She was admitted to the hospital and required intubation for 24 hours to support respiration. After medical
management and serial doses of atropine and pralidoxime for 7 days, her respiratory function improved, and she
was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization.
Health-Care Worker 2
A 32-year-old ED nurse had diaphoresis, confusion, hypersalivation, nausea, and abdominal cramps while
caring for patient 1. Although she did not have skin contact with his secretions or emesis, she had shared his
breathing space. After treatment with 10 mg of atropine and pralidoxime over the next 12 hours, her symptoms
resolved.
Health-Care Worker 3
A 56-year-old nurse providing care for patient 1 was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, confusion, and
headache. Although she did not have skin contact with secretions or emesis from patient 1, she had shared his
breathing space. She was given 6 mg of atropine without relief of the dyspnea. As a possible result of excessive
I of 3 7/10/01 2:12PM
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Nosocomial Poisoning Associated With Emerg...Organophosphate Toxicity — Georgia, 2000 file:///C|/CURRENT/Pesticides - treatment/mm495Ia2.htm
atropine, she experienced hallucinations. On recommendation of the regional poison center, she received
intravenous lorazepam and was observed until the episode resolved. She improved overnight and was
discharged.
Reported by: RJ Getter, MD, KL Singleton, MD, ML Tarantino, Georgia Poison Center, Atlanta; CL Drenzek,
DVM, KE Toomey, MD, State Epidemiologist, Georgia Div of Public Health. Div of Surveillance, Hazard
Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; National
Pharmaceutical Stockpile Br, Div of Emergency and Environmental Health Svcs; Div of Environmental
Hazards and Health Effects; National Center for Environmental Health, CDC.
Editorial Note:
During the incident in this report, health-care workers were exposed to a patient contaminated with an
organophosphate insecticide. These health-care workers were not wearing appropriate respiratory or skin
protective equipment while caring for the patient. As a result, three health-care workers developed symptoms
consistent with organophosphate intoxication and required treatment. This was the third episode reported during
2000 to the Georgia Poison Center of nosocomial poisoning of ED staff involved in the care of patients who had
intentionally ingested a concentrated organophosphate mixed with xylene and other hydrocarbon solvents.
Similar incidents have occurred elsewhere (7). During 1987—1998, the National Institute for Occupational
Safely and Health identified 46 health-care workers who had acute pesticide-related illness after providing care
to a pesticide-contaminated patient (G. Calvert, CDC, personal communication, 2000).
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires hospitals to have a plan to manage
contaminated patients (2); however, these recommendations do not include a plan to protect health-care workers
caring for contaminated patients. During 1996—1998, surveys of hospitals in Georgia and at level 1 trauma
centers nationally indicated that few acute care hospitals had trained staff, equipment, and procedures to safely
care for contaminated patients (3—5).
Depending on the extent of the contamination, health-care workers caring for chemically contaminated patients
should use level C protection (i.e., full face mask and powered/nonpowered canister/cartridge filtration
respirator) or level B protection (i.e., supplied air respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus) (6). The type
of canister/cartridge should be appropriate to the agent; if the agent cannot be identified, an organic
vapor/HEPA filter is recommended (6). To prevent dermal absorption, chemical barrier protection appropriate
to the contaminant is needed; latex medical gloves are of little protection against many chemicals. In addition to
the need for surface decontamination of patients, body fluids also must be contained to prevent dermal and
inhalational exposure. To limit distant spread of the contaminant, the EDs ventilation exhaust should be directed
away from the hospital's main ventilation system.
EDs may have to care for persons contaminated with chemicals resulting from self-inflicted contamination,
industrial incidents, and terrorist events (7). To protect health-care workers caring for these patients, EDs should
adhere to existing guidelines (6,8,9) and decontamination protocols, train staff in the use of PPE, and maintain
adequate quantities of antidotes (10). If sufficient quantities of antidote are not available, the National
Pharmaceutical Stockpile at CDC maintains a mechanism to procure and deliver large quantities of
Pharmaceuticals to state health departments within 12 hours. Coordination among health-care facilities, poison
centers, and state and local health departments could provide surveillance of a chemical agent release, facilitate
the expeditious procurement of supplies from outside sources, protect health-care workers, and inform the
public about contaminants.
References
1. Burgess JL. Hospital evacuations due to hazardous materials incidents. Am J Emerg Med 1999; 17:50—2.
2. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Accreditation standards for hospitals,
2 of 3 7/10/01 2:12PM
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Nosocomial Poisoning Associated With Emerg...Organophosphate Toxicity — Georgia, 2000 file:///C|/CURRENT/Pesticides - treatment/mm495Ia2.htm
2000. Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2000;
sections ECl.Se, EC1.5/, and EC 1.67.
3. Sharp TW, Brennan RJ, Keim M, Williams RJ, Eitzen E, Lillibridge S. Medical preparedness for a
terrorist incident involving chemical or biological agents during the 1996 Atlanta Olympic games. Ann
EmergMed 1998;32:214-23.
4. Meehan P, Toomey KE, Drinnon J, Cunningham S, Anderson N, Baker E. Public health response for the
1996 Olympic games. JAMA 1998;279:1469-73.
5. Ghilarducci D, Pirallo R, Hegmann K. Hazardous materials readiness of United States level 1 trauma
centers. J Emerg Med 2000;42:683»92.
6. Macintyre A, Christopher G, Eitzen E, et al. Weapons of mass destruction events with contaminated
casualties. JAMA2000;283:242»9.
7. Okumura T, Takasu N, Ishimatsu S, et al. Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Ann
EmergMed 1996;28:129-35.
8. Burgess JL, Kirk M, Borron SW, Cisek J. Emergency department hazardous materials protocol for
contaminated patients. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34:205—12.
9. Pons P, Dart RC. Chemical incidents in the emergency department: if and when. Ann Emerg Med
1999;34:223-5.
10. Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Chyka PA, et al. Combined evidence based literature analysis and consensus
guidelines for stocking of emergency antidotes in the United States. Ann Emerg Med 2000;36:126—32.
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NYS DEPT.OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
FAX COVER SHEET
T
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WOUiQ
2's guidance document for satellite accumulation areas:
comment 1
» To be sure the reader understands that this guidance
addresses cnly the special needs o'f operations such as clean
rooms, we suggest that the title be amended as fellows:
SATELLITE ACCUMULATION AREAS FOR CLEAN ROOMS
;•• •-- comment 2
" Footnote 1, below, states that DEC allows 55 gallons per
/ waste streajn, not per satellite ares. This is 210! correct.
V DEC only allows a total of 55 gallons per satellite area
v (but acknowledges that, per EPA guidance, a generator may
have more than one satellite area). Removing the first
sentence would correct the footnote.
' (footnote 1): NYSDEC has interpreted this to mean 55 gallons per waste stream, not per satellite
accumulation area.. However, EPA's Permit Policy Compendium clearly states that "The 55
gallon limit applies to the total of all the non-acutely hazardous waste accumulated at a satellite
accumulation aiea." But"... EPA intentionally cid not limit the total number of satellite areas
at a generator's facility nor specify the jize of the containers to be used for accumulation. A casc-
by-case analysis is neceisary to determine whether a generator is accumulating more than 55.
gallons of waste at one satellite area, or whether a generator has more than one satellite area.1"
•- comment 3 -----
,» In the guidance's answer to cuesticn 1, the following
\J statement is believed to be too bread:
If the waste is accumulated in the common area of the building rather ihan by the individual
processes because of certain safety, production process or quality control requirements, such an
arrangement is acceptable.
We believe any policy should be limited to cnly situations
where safety or cleen rccm limitations genuinely require it.
Allowing it to apply to meet "production process*
requirements and "quality control" requirements would
arguably allow virtually any operation with production or QC
constraints to qualify. It would "open the flood gates" and
make enforcement of the traditional "at-cr-near-the-point-.
of-generation" satellite accumulation area requirement very,
very difficult.
cotnment 4 -•-
J • Comment 4: The following paragraph could mistakenly be
• p 1 of NYSDECs comments -
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interpreted to mean that even "traditional" satellite areas
need to be locked, and under the "Direct" control of the
operator. Changing the title as proposed in comment 1 will
make it clear that this paragraph (and the entire guidance)
applies only to clean room situations, ie, not to
"traditional" satellite areas.
Fhe satellite accumulation container must aJso be under the direct control of the operator or
:>perators. Since the wane container is in a common area, and therefore accessible to persons
other Than the operators, this it not acceptable as a satellite accumulation area. In order for this
10 qualify as a satellite accumulation area, the drum must be secured in a manner (a locked
cabinet or shed, locked drum, etc.) that would permit access solely to the process operators or
other authorized pencnnel. The placement of such sis^js as "Authorized Personnel Only" is not
sufficient to limit access to the area.
comment 5 •
Comment 5: We believe that the term "conveyance vessels" as
used in the guidance should be reserved for' containers used
only to immediately transport new1./ generated hazardous
waste to a satellite container, ie, with no storage other
than that which is incidental to transport. DEC believes it
is misleading to refer to a container that stores hazardous
waste for hours (or cays) as only a conveyance vessel even
though its main purpose would be storage.
4
Furthermore, we do not believe that the creation of a new
storage cpticn (ie, in small vessels) -- what is perhaps
best called "pre-satellite storage" -- is generally allowed
by the recs. (It also seems inconsistent with "clean room"
requirements. If the satellite area needs to be "outside the
door," it should also be unacceptable for small containers,
which may even be open, to remain inside. Thus, initial
storage in small vessels seems inconsistent with a claim of
"clean room.") The existing satellite accumulation prevision
would address the needs of clean room operators if
conveyance is immediate and access to an "outside the door"
storsce unit is strictly controlled, as described
previously. (Otherwise, any "drum outside the door" would
now need to comply with the 90-day storage requirements,
since satellite storage areas are only supposed to be
allowed at points where the waste is initially accumulated).
In fact, it is our understanding that satellite accumulation
areas were created for the very purpose of providing relief
for wastes where they are initially generated. This is
underscored by various statements in the preambles for the
satellite accumulation provision. (For example, in the
January 2, 1563 Federal Register proposal EPA stated that
"...comments indicate[d] that industries which generate
- p 2 of NYSDECs comments -
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hazardous waste typically have numerous locations en-site •
where waste is initially Generated and accumulated, often -in
small amounts, prior to consolidation at centralized [90-
day] areas." p 118)
We believe that the satellite accumulation provision can
adequately address the needs of clean rooms ajid other
operations that Generate hazardous waste at their processes,
and that the creation of a new storage provision is
unnecessary and generally not allowable.With one exception
-- Dyno Nobel, where serious Safety constraints demanded a
more 'flexible1 determination -- DEC has not allowed such
"pre-satellite" accumulation of hazardous waste, although we
routinely allow vessels to be used to immediately convey
newly generated wastes to satellite areas'. (In Dyn'o Nobel's
case, we required that the small containers be emptied into
the "drum outside the door" at the end of each shift. We do
not believe that a icncer period could ever be justified.)
Additionally, we would like to request that the reference to
"HYEBEC" be removed frcm footnote 2. As per the above, we
generally do not agree with it.
The text of the paragraphs in question is as follows:
2) The small containers used to ccnvey.v.asies to such a satellite accumulation area may be
deemed to be conveyance vessels rather than storage containers. {{footnote 2: Both NJDEP and
NYSDEC have taken this position.}} Although not a regulatory requirerne.il, the conveyance
vessel should also be under the direct ccncol of the operator of the process generating the waste
or must be identified as containing hazardous waste. In other words, the operator must empty the
container prior to the end of the operating cay. If it is not emptied by the operator prior to the
end of the operating day, the conveyance vessel must at a minimum be labeled with the words
"Hazardous Waste" and be closed. •
If the faculty ciaims that the satellite storage container must be stored outside of the production
area for safety, production process or quality control requirements, the removal of snjch wastes
from the generation area should be exptaed to occur on a regular and frequent basis. Storage of
wastes in "these containers for mere than one or two days should cause the inspector to question
the vaJidity of any claim that such wastes have to be stored outside of the area generating the
wastes. Storage of wastes in these smaller containers for more than one or two days may qualify
these smaller containers as satellite sioragc containers, making the 55-gallon container a less-
than-90-day accumuhtion area. Similarly, such a claim would be drawn into question if the
conveyance vessel is not kept closed or is not vented sway from the production aiea.
- p 3 of NYSDECs comments -
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