X-/EPA
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Office of Research
and Development
EPA/540/N-92/001 No. 5 March 1992
iwaomw
INTHEFIELD
An information update on applying bioremediation to site cleanup.
SH^SS^SSK^M
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In This Issue
Update on the Bioremediation Field Initiative . .1
EPA Reviews New Rules for Microorganisms
Under TSCA Section 5 1
ERL, Gulf Breeze, and EPRI Study
Bioremediation at Mercury-Contaminated Sites 2
Bioremediation Field Initiative Contacts 2
RSKERL Increases Bioremediation Research and
Technical Assistance at Superfund and RCRA Sites 3
BAC Discusses Mission, Accomplishments, and
Goals at February Meeting .4
SITE Program Plans 15 Bioremediation Projects ....... .5
- Bioremediation Report on Obstacles to Implementation . , .6
Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes:
U.S. EPA's Biosystems Technology Development Program . ,7
Subsurface Restoration Conference 7
Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies
Forum 7
EPA Bioremediation Publications .10
Field Applications of Bioremediation , 11
EPA Reviews
New Rules for
Microorganisms
Under TSCA
Section 5
EPA is in the process of reviewing draft proposed rules
for microorganisms under the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA) section 5, TSCA authorizes EPA to
regulate any chemical substance, except for certain
substances covered by other federal agencies. Since
the term chemical substance is defined broadly enough
to cover microorganisms, the New Chemicals Program
was the starting point for the development of biotech-
nology regulations under TSCA.
EPA currently operates the TSCA section 5 biotechnol-
ogy program under a 1986 policy statement made as
part of an interagency Coordinated Framework for
Biotechnology (51FR 23302, June 26,1986). That policy
statement will be in effect until EPA promulgates final
rules to fully implement its biotechnology program.
Draft rules entered the Agency's Red Border review
process on December 27,1991, and are expected to be
sent to the Office of Management and Budget in 1992.
TSCA Uses
Similar to traditional chemicals, a microorganism is sub-
ject to premanufacture notification (PMN) reporting
under TSCA section 5 when it is manufactured for a
TSCA use and for commercial purposes. The definition
of chemical substance in TSCA excludes pesticides,
tobacco and tobacco products, food, food additives,
drugs, cosmetics, and substances that are used as medi-
cal devices. Other than the exceptions described, all
microorganisms produced for environmental, industrial,
or consumer uses potentially may be regulated under
TSCA. Potential TSCA uses of microorganisms include
bioremediation of hazardous waste sites, enhanced oil
recovery, metal extraction and concentration, and
specialty chemical production.
(Continued on page 8)
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Bioremediatlon in the Field
ERL, Gulf Breeze,
and EPRI Study
Bioremediatlon at
Mercury-
Contaminated Sites
The EPA Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL) in
Gulf Breeze, Florida, and the Electric Power Research
Institute (EPRI) are collaborating in research to
evaluate the feasibility of using bioremediatiort to
clean up a mercury-contaminated freshwater stream.
East Fork Poplar Creek, the study stream in Oak Ridge,
Tennessee, receives mercury from wastewater
originating in the drainage system of a nearby nuclear
plant.
The proposed strategy for remedial treatments is
based on the stimulation of microbial reduction of
Hg(II) and demethylatiort (both processes result in
the partitioning of mercury to the atmosphere as
Hg°). This results in a decrease in CHsHg that is
biologically available for accumulation in aquatic
organisms, including fish. Stimulating the activity
of indigenous microbes by adding limiting growth
substrates and applying active exogenous bacteria is
proposed as a remedial strategy.
The effectiveness of the remedial strategy will be estab-
lished by manipulating calibrated microcosms con-
taining intact samples from the field. Successful
treatments then will be applied to enclosures placed in
the pond for field testing. Microcosm validation (the
process of verifying that the kinetics of mercury trans-
formations in microcosms are similar to those in the
field) will be achieved three ways:
• By following mercury biotransformations in field
enclosures
• In microcosms containing intact field samples
• By using shake flask experiments with samples
from the field site
Preliminary studies using shake flask experiments
have demonstrated that several treatments stimulate
microbial activities and chemical reactions which have
resulted in the degradation of CTfcjHg and evolution
of Hg°, These treatments, which may form the basis for
a bioremediation strategy, include:
• General stimulation of microbial activities by
amendment with limiting nutrients. Concentra-
tions of carbon, phosphorous, and nitrogen are
limiting in the test stream.
• Application of naturally occurring nonengineered
mercury-reducing microorganisms, and of Pseudo-
monad strains of bacteria that overexpress mer
(mercury conversion) functions.
If the availability of substrates is found to limit mer-
cury transformations, treatments aimed at controlling
bioavailability, such as those affecting adsorption to
particulates, will be designed and attempted.
(Continued on page 32)
Bioremediation Field Initiative Contacts
FranKremer/Ph.D.
Coordinator, Bioremediation Field Initiative
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7346
PTS 684-7346
Nancy Dean
U.S, Environmental Protection Agency
OS-HOW
Technology Innovation Office
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
401M Street, SW. •
Washington, DC 20460
703-308-8797
FTS 398-8797
To be added to the mailing list to receive Bioremediation in the Field, call (513) 569-7562;
This initiative is a cooperative effort among the Technology Innovation Office (TIO), Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER) and the Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support (OTTRS)
and Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration (OEETD), Office of Research and
Development (ORD). Major contributors to this initiative include the waste programs in the EPA Regional
Offices and the following laboratories in ORD: Ada, OK; Athens, GA; Cincinnati, OH; Gulf Breeze, FL; and
Research Triangle Park, NC.
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Bloremodtitlon In the Field
RSKERL Increases
Bioremediation
Research and
Technical
Assistance at
Superfund and
RCRA Sites
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory (RSKERL) continues to increase its ac-
tivities in research, demonstration, and technical assis-
tance with respect to the bioremediation of
contaminants in the subsurface environment. These
efforts are directed at the aqueous, solid, and vapor
phases that comprise the subsurface matrix, and ad-
dress water-soluble, immiscible, and residual phase
contaminants.
While the RSKERL Technology Support Center (TSC)
and its Core Team are the focus for technical assistance
activities, they are supported by and closely associated
with the Laboratory's in-house researchers and their
extramural research counterparts, and the National
Center for Ground-Water Research, a consortium of the
University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University,
and Rice University. An onsite contractor also
provides direct support to TSC through its resident
staff, treatability subcontractors, and over 100 consult-
ants from the ground-water research and consulting
community.
Technical Assistance Initiatives
Two major technical assistance initiatives are in place
at the RSKERL Technology Support Center, including
the Subsurface Remediation Information Center
(SRIC) and the Center for Subsurface Modeling Sup-
port (CSMoS). SRIC provides a forum for the rapidly
developing, highly specialized information in this
scientific arena. Activities include collecting, evaluat-
ing, coordinating, and disseminating information
relating to bioremediation as well as other protection
and restoration processes associated with con-
taminants in soil and ground water.
CSMoS distributes and services all models and
software developed at RSKERL, and provides assis-
tance and training on modeling applications to ground
water and the vadose zone. BIOPLUME II, for ex-
ample, is a two-dimensional contaminant transport
model applicable to biodegradation in ground water
under the influence of an oxygen-limited environment.
CSMoS is composed of RSKERL scientists and is sup-
ported by the International Ground-Water Modeling
Center (IGWMC), the National Center for Ground-
Water Research, and a number of ground-water model-
ing consultants. Training is available to regional and
state personnel only; the models, however, are dis-
tributed to the public and private sector.
Treatability Studies
Another initiative of the RSKERL TSC is conducting
treatability studies to provide specific information con-
cerning the potential rate and extent of remediation of
contaminants at specific hazardous waste sites. These
studies are normally conducted in laboratory
microcosms, at pilot scale facilities, or in the field, and
are designed to determine whether a specific site is
suitable for a particular technology, predominantly
bioremediation. Subcontractors under the umbrella of
the RSKERL TSC are available to conduct site-specific
treatability studies of in situ technologies for EPA
regional offices and for states, if requests are directed
through regional offices. These studies are primarily
for soil and ground-water bioremediation, as well as
vacuum extraction and pump-and-treat technologies.
Technology Transfer
Technology transfer activities are an important part of
the TSC bioremediation technical assistance agenda.
Technology transfer may be carried out without
specific requests or in response to generic needs sug-
gested by EPA regional or headquarters offices. Tech-
nology transfer often takes the form of issue papers and
briefing documents, workshops, and training courses
for treating the subsurface. These activities are
coordinated with the Center for Environmental
Research Information.
Site-Specific Technical Assistance
Perhaps the most ambitious and complex undertaking
of the RSKERL Technology Support Center is site-
specific technical assistance. Since its beginning, TSC
has been involved with over 250 site-specific requests
for assistance, with 90 remaining active at this time.
Predominantly, these requests are concerned with
RI/FS documents, remedial design investigations, al-
ternative technology evaluations, and treatability in-
vestigations. While some requests for assistance
involve short-term reviews of technical documents,
others result in extensive field and laboratory inves-
tigations using the laboratory's state-of-the-art equip-
ment and technical innovations. Nearly half of the TSC
technical assistance requests have centered on in situ
soil and ground-water reclamation using bioremedia-
tion, land treatment, and modeling. The remaining
activities have included pump-and-treat technologies,
soil vacuum extraction, wellhead protection, and un-
derground injection control. As with the treatability
studies, assistance is available to the regions and also
to the states, if the requests are directed through the
regional office.
(Continued on page 6)
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Bioremediation in the Field
BAG Discusses
Mission,
Accomplishments,
and Goals at
February Meeting
EPA's Bioremediation Action Committee
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Blor«m»dlat!on In the Field
SITE Program Plans
15 Bio remediation
Projects
Ten developers in the Superfund Innovative Technol-
ogy Evaluation (SITE) Program have conducted or will
conduct demonstrations with microbial treatment. A
total of 15 projects are planned:
« Five involving in situ bioremediatton
• Three using bioslurry reactors
« Three using fixed-carbon bioreactors for con-
taminated ground water
• One using powdered activated carbon mixed in
activated sludge (the PACT process) for treating
contaminated ground water
» Three using onsite surface soil microbial treatment
technologies
Two of these projects have been completed to date and
are described in detail below.
New Brighton, Minnesota-Fixed Film Bioreactor
The first of the two projects for which experimental
work has been completed is a fixed-film bioreactor
system operated by Biotrol, Inc. of Chaska, Minnesota.
This system treated ground water contaminated with
pentachlorophenol at a wood preserving facility in
New Brighton, Minnesota, from July 24 to September
1,1989. A 5 gpm, trailer-mounted unit was operated
for 2 weeks at each of three throughput rates—1,3, and
5 gpm—after an initial 2-week acclimation period.
The system uses PCP degraders in addition to in-
digenous organisms. Contaminated water enters a
mixing tank where the pH is adjusted and inorganic
nutrients are added. If necessary, the water is heated
to reach the optimum temperature; a heat exchanger is
used to minimize energy use. The water then flows to
the reactor chambers where organic contaminants are
biodegraded. The microorganisms are immobilized
on a highly porous packing in a three cell, submerged
fixed-film bioreactor. The biological growth is first
developed during a short (1 or 2 week) acclimation
period. Air is supplied by fine bubble membrane dif-
fusers mounted at the base of each cell. The system,
however, was designed so that it also could be
operated under anaerobic conditions.
This technology is applicable to a wide variety of
wastewaters, including ground water, holding ponds,
and process effluents. Contaminants found to be
amenable include pentachlorophenol, gasoline and
fuel oil, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenolics, and sol-
vents. The resulting effluent may be discharged to a
PubHcly Owned Treatment Works (POTW), reused on
site, or discharged directly under a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
Table 1 summarizes the results of the 6-week study.
The system successfully reduced the pen-
tachlorophenol concentrations to less than 1 ppm in
the effluent in one pass, producing minimal sludge
and no air emissions of pentachlorophenol, and requir-
ing minimal operator attention.
Table 1. Average Pentachlorophenol Removal
Flow
<8Pm>
1
3
5
Ground Water (PCP)
(ppm)
42.0
34.5
27.5
Effluent
(ppm)
0.13
034
0.99
Removal
(%)
99.8
98.5
96.4
U.S. EPA Test and Evaluation Facility, Cincinnati,
Ohio—Slurry Blodegradatlon
A pilot-scale slurry biodegradation project was con-
ducted by Ecova Corporation of Redmond,
Washington, at the US. EPATest and Evaluation (T&E)
facility located at the Gest Street Wastewater Treatment
Plant in Cincinnati, Ohio. Six 60-liter EIMCO Biolift™
reactors were used to treat a creosote-contaminated
soil from the Burlington Northern Superfund Site in
Brainard, Minnesota. Stainless steel reactors are
equipped with agitation, aeration, and temperature
controls for the treatment of a slurry (20 to 30 percent
by weight of the contaminated soil in water). Sam-
pling ports are located along the side of each reactor at
three vertical penetrations through the reactor wall.
Slurry biodegradation has been shown to be effective
in treating highly contaminated soils and sludges that
have contaminant concentrations ranging from 2,500
to 250,000 mg/kg. It has primarily been used to treat
wood preserving wastes, coal tars, refinery wastes,
and hydrocarbons.
During the 12 weeks of testing at the T&E facility, the
total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
declined from an initial range of 119 to 14,681 mg/kg
of soil to a range of 480 to 850 mg/kg of soil. This
represented a reduction of 93.36 percent to 98.45 per-
cent. The four-ring and larger polynuclear aromatic
compounds only showed 80 to 90 percent removal, while
the three-ring and smaller compounds showed removal
between 933 and 98.4 percent These results were con-
sistent with the greater recalcitrance of the higher
molecular weight polynuclear aromatic compounds.
For further information on any of the SITE Program
projects, contact Ronald Lewis at FTS 684-7856 or 513-
569-7856.
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Bioremediation in the field
Bioremediation
Report on
Obstacles to
Implementation
A report identifying key obstacles encountered in
implementing bioremediation and approaches to
addressing these obstacles is now available through
the AgBiotech Center at Cook College, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey. The report, Utilizing
Bioremediation Technologies: Difficulties and Ap-
proaches, was generated by a national workshop in-
volving 55 experts in bioremediation from around
the country. The report is intended to provide a
common ground for discussion among consulting
engineers, potentially responsible parties, service
providers, government regulators, and others decid-
ing on the use of bioremediation.
The workshop at which this report was generated,
"Translating Laboratory Results into the Field:
Difficulties and Recommendations," brought
together experts from industry, academia, and
government, representing a mix of perspectives
from researchers in the laboratory to engineers in
the field.
Some of the key issues highlighted by the report
include:
• The need for more integrated efforts across dis-
ciplines in the assessment and implementation of
bioremediation
• The importance of developing scientifically based
criteria and standards for initial site charac-
terization, biotreatability assessments, and tech-
niques for monitoring progress
• The need to build a data base of information and
expand methods for data sharing to increase the
predictability of future bioremediation efforts
In addition to presenting general issues for considera-
tion when initiating a bioremediation project, the
report offers a checklist of practical suggestions for
avoiding problems and offsetting factors that may
hinder successful implementation at a particular site.
For example, it identifies factors that may need to be
addressed at the time of site characterization and as-
sessment, including physicochemical factors limiting
biodegradatkm rates or causing toxicity to microbes,
and approaches to overcome them.
The overall emphasis of the report is that the future of
bioremediation depends upon the cooperation of ex-
perts in many disciplines and with differing perspec-
tives working together to share experiences and
establish good standard operating procedures. It calls
for the expansion of a well-documented data-sharing
network that includes the EPA's ATTIC data base,
expert peer review of treatment plans and results, and
publication in peer-reviewed journals of quantitative
field experiments and process designs.
Sponsors of the national bioremediation workshop
and the resultant report are the U.S. EPA Office of
Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration and the Technology Innovation Of-
fice; the N.J. Department of Environmental Protec-
tion and Energy, Division of Science and Research;
the U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research; the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division
of Extramural Research and Training; and Environ-
ment Canada's Biotechnology Section.
To obtain copies of the report at no charge, call 908-
932-8165 (telefax, 908-932-6535) or write to Dr. Laura
R. Meagher, AgBiotech Center, Cook College, Rut-
gers, The State University of New Jersey, P.O. Box
231, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231.
RSKERL Increases Bioremediation Research and Technical Assistance at
Superfund and RCRA Sites
(Continued from page 3)
Research Programs
RSKERL TSC technical assistance is inextricably
linked to RSKERL research programs. Research scien-
tists play a continuing role in shaping technical assis-
tance responses, and the TSC Core Team actively
participates in field-oriented research demonstrations.
The exchange of staff and ideas between the two
groups has assured that the TSC's technical assistance
represents the latest in technology, and the experience
gained through technical assistance provides
guidance in the selection of timely and high-priority
research initiatives.
In providing technical assistance at hazardous waste
sites, TSC scientists and engineers provide a readily
available and consistent source of interdisciplinary
support not available elsewhere for evaluation and
treatment of the subsurface. This assistance also as-
sures that research results are transferred to the user
community as rapidly as possible.
More information about the RSKERL Technology
Support Center may be obtained by contacting Don
Draper at 405-332-8800 or FIB 743-2202, or by writing
to RSKERL, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820.
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Btor«m0dlatlon In the Fisid
Conference Highlights
Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes:
U.S. EPA's Biosystems Technology Development Program
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Biosystems Technology Development Program will have its
Annual Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes on May 5-7,1992. The symposium will be held in
Chicago, Illinois, at the Holiday Inn Mart Plaza. At this meeting, members of the Biosystems Technology Development
Program will review the research, development, and full-scale applications of biorefnediation projects undertaken in
1991. Presentations will be on in situ treatment of the subsurface and surface and ex situ treatment of aqueous and
gaseous phases and soils.
This year's event will bring together leading researchers and field personnel in bioremediation from federal, state, and
local agencies; industry; vendors; contractors; and academia. Presenters will share data and recent research through
poster displays and oral presentations on:
• Site Characterization
* Performance Evaluation
» Bioremediation Field Initiative
* Field Research
* Pilot-Scale Research
* Modeling
* Process Research
Registration
There is no fee to register for this symposium. To register, please call the Registration Hotline at 617-648-7811. If you would
lite further information about the symposium, please contact Kristin McCarthy at 617-641-5383.
All individuals on the mailing list for Bioremediation in the Field will receive registration information, an agenda, and
hotel information by the end of March.
Subsurface Restoration Conference
The Subsurface Restoration Conference on June 21-24,
1992, is being sponsored by two EPA organizations—the
R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory and the
Technology Innovation Office—and four national re-
search centers—the National Center for Ground-Water
Research, the Western Region Hazardous Waste Research
Center, the Waterloo Center for Ground-Water Research,
and the Energy and Environmental Systems Institute.
Thirty-seven invited speakers representing the forefront
of research and technology in subsurface restoration will
present state-of-the-art assessments in the following
categories: Regulatory Strategy; Basic Science Required
for Decision-Making; Site Characterization; Contaminant
Immobilization and Containment; Technologies for Con-
taminant Removal; Technologies for Contaminant
Destruction; and Overview of Applicable Science, Tech-
nology, and Research Directions.
Those interested in this event should include researchers
and regulators in ground-water protection and remedia-
tion; engineers developing technology related to subsur-
face contamination; site owners, environmental
managers, and professionals from waste-generating in-
dustries; and ground-water consultants and vendors of
equipment, manpower, and computer software.
Selected exhibits and poster presentations will be featured
to illustrate the current state of science and technology in
subsurface restoration and to promote information
transfer.
The conference is being held at the Doubletree Hotel -
Lincoln Centre in Dallas, Texas. To receive information
on registration, poster presentations, or exhibitor
booths, please call 713-285-5429 or write to Katherine
Balshaw-Biddle at Rice University, Env. Sci. & Engr.,
P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251.
Fourth Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment
Technologies: Domestic and International
This forum, sponsored by U,S. EPA's Technology Innovation Office and Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, and
the California Environmental Protection Agency, will be held November 17-19,1992, at the Westin, St. Francis, San
Francisco, California. Using technical paper and poster presentations, this 3-day conference will introduce and
highlight innovative treatment technologies having actual performance results. It will showcase the results of selected
international technologies, the U.S. EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program technologies,
the CAL-EPA field demonstration program, and case studies from those using innovative technologies. The overall
objective is to increase awareness in the user community of technologies ready for application at cleanup sites.
For further information, contact SAIC, Technology Transfer Department, 501 Office Center Drive, Suite 420,
Ft. Washington, PA 19034,215-542-1200 (telefax 215-542-8567).
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Btoremodlatlon In the field
EPA Reviews New Rules for Microorganisms
Under TSCA Section 5
(Continued from page 1)
Distinguishing between commercial and noncommer-
cial purposes once a product has proceeded beyond
research and development (R&D) is not a problem.
However, determining which activities constitute
commercial R&D and are thus subject to the biotech-
nology rule is more difficult, in large part due to the
increasingly complex financial arrangements develop-
ing between industry and academia. Because of the
complexity of this issue, EPA is proposing three alterna-
tive interpretations of commercial R&D for microor-
ganisms and seeking additional public comment to
assist in establishing a definition for the final rule,
Scope of Microorganisms Covered
The fact that a microorganism is potentially subject to TSCA
does not necessarily mean that it will be regulated under
TSCA section 5. Only a new microorganism triggers
PMN reporting just as a new chemical substance does.
A microorganism is not hew if it is listed on the TSCA
Inventory of chemicals manufactured in the United
States. In 1986, EPA stated that naturally occurring
microorganisms would not be considered new and
would implicitly be included on the Inventory, be-
cause they occur naturally and are derived through
limited human intervention. New microorganisms
were defined in the 1986 policy statement, as inter-
generic microorganisms, i.e., those that contain genetic
material from organisms of different genera. This
definition of new microorganisms will continue to
trigger PMN reporting until final rules are published.
The draft rules propose a different scope for new
microorganisms by considering new microorganisms
to be those that contain deliberately modified
hereditary traits, and thus are most likely to exhibit
novel behaviors. Microorganisms would not be con-
sidered new, however, and would be implicitly in-
cluded on the Inventory if they occur naturally or
contain deliberately modified hereditary traits that fall
into one of EPA's four exclusion categories. These
exclusions include those microorganisms that exhibit
behavior likely to be found in nature. The rationale for
these exclusions is discussed in detail in the June 1991
draft proposal. In 1986, EPA also stated its intention to
supplement PMN requirements by requiring sig-
nificant new use reporting for certain nonagricultural
releases of pathogens and asked for voluntary report-
ing of these uses. While this remains as interim policy,
EPA has dropped this approach in the draft proposed
rules.
Full Reporting for General Commercial Use
The non-R&D or market level stage is referred to as
general commercial use. For new microorganisms,
notices must be filed with EPA 90 days prior to begin-
ning manufacturing or importing, just as in the PMN
8
program for traditional chemicals. Because different
data requirements are specified for microorganisms, the
draft proposed rules give the notice a new name: the
Microbial Commercial Activity Notice, or MCAN.
According to the rule, an MCAN must be filed for new
microorganisms or significant new uses of
microorganisms.
Exemptions for General Commercial Use
Just as in the New Chemicals Program, the draft
proposal includes provisions for test marketing ex-
emptions as well as the exemptions under TSCA sec-
tion 5(h)(4), EPA is proposing exemptions from
MCAN reporting for certain microorganisms that are
well known and have a history of safe use. The Tier I
exemption, which would not require EPA review,
would be a one-time certification of compliance with
all exemption criteria before the first use of the
microorganism. The Tier n exemption would require
filing a Tier II exemption request 45 days before begin-
ning to manufacture or import the microorganism.
For both the Tier I and Tier II exemptions, eligible
recipient microorganisms would be listed in the
regulations. In addition, introduced genetic material
would have to meet specific criteria, and certain contain-
ment criteria would be specified for the Tier I exemption
and serve as guidance for the Her II exemption.
Coverage of R&D Activities
The greatest difference between the programs for
traditional chemicals and for microorganisms is in the
area of R&D. TSCA section 5(h)(3) allows EPA to
exempt R&D activities involving chemical substances
produced in small quantities. While this definition is
fine for specified quantities of chemicals, it cannot be
applied with the same expectations to living microor-
ganisms, which have the ability to multiply and
spread. EPA feels it is important to screen R&D
releases of new microorganisms to address potential
problems before releases occur on a larger scale. For
this reason, in the new rules, EPA is distinguishing
between R&D activities involving microorganisms
released to the environment and those used under
containment conditions.
EPA plans to maintain an R&D exemption for microor-
ganisms used in contained structures, with structure
defined broadly enough to encompass greenhouses
and bioreactors. Like the R&D exemption for chemi-
cals, exempt R&D activities must be conducted under
the supervision of a technically qualified individual
(TQI), who is required to document the containment
and inactivation controls selected and used.
Reporting R&D Activities
Research involving intentional testing of microor-
ganisms in the environment will not be eligible for the
contained structures exemption. However, because
R&D releases occur at a smaller scale than non-R&D
(Continued on page 9)
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Bloremadiatlon In the Field
EPA Reviews New Rules for Microorganisms
Under TSCA Section 5
(Continued from page 8)
releases, EPA has developed an abbreviated screening
process for R&D releases called the TSCA Experimen-
tal Release Application (TERA). The review period for
TERA is 60 days, because it focuses on a specific R&D
activity, as opposed to the MCAN review, which must
consider large-scale releases for general commercial use.
Some R&D activities for the contained structures ex-
emption may be subject to the authority of another
federal agency in addition to EPA. Where there is
overlapping jurisdiction for R&D activities, EPA
proposes to defer to the other federal agency if the
researchers are receiving funding from that other
agency. Researchers who are voluntarily complying
with the NIH Guidelines would not be eligible for this
deferral. For R&D activities that would require sub-
mission of a TERA, EPA proposes to enter into a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with each
federal agency with which it may share jurisdiction.
Each MOU will specify how EPA and the other agency
will handle the overtopping authority.
EPA is also proposing an R&D exemption for released
microorganisms with which EPA has gained
familiarity through reviews. The exemption would be
similar to the tiered exemptions, in that it would
specify the recipient microorganism, the introduced
genetic material, and the conditions of use.
Persons who are unsure as to whether their microor-
ganisms would be subject to reporting under TSCA
section 5 should consult with EPA before preparing
any submission. AJune 21,1991, draft of the proposed
rules was made available to the public as part of a
package of material prepared for a meeting of EPA's
Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee (BSAC),
which was held on July 22,1991, The June 21,1991,
draft proposal and the Federal Register notice describ-
ing EPA's current policy (51 FR 23313, June 26,1986)
are available from EPA's TSCA Hotline at 202-554-
1404. For further information about the draft
proposed TSCA biotechnology rules, contact Ellie
Clark at 202-260-3402 or FTS 260-3402. For further
information about submitting a PMN for a microor-
ganism under EPA's current program, contact
Kathleen Bailey at 202-260-5591 or FTS 260-5591.
Update on the Bioremediatlon Field Initiative
(Continued from page I)
Seven sites have been selected for field evaluation of bioremediatton: libby Superfund site, Libby, Montana;
Park City Pipeline, Park City, Kansas; Allied Signal Superfund site, St. Joseph, Michigan; Eielson Air Force
Base, Alaska; Hill Air Force Base, Utah; Brookhaven Superfund site, Brookhaven, Mississippi; and Public
Service and Electric, Denver, Colorado.
At the Eielson Air Force Base, the strategy for actively warming the soil by applying warm water at a low
rate has been successful in maintaining the temperature above 10°C while temperatures in the control with
no heating dropped to below 0° C. Bioventing at these temperatures has yielded measured biodegradatkm
rates three times higher in the actively warmed area than in the control.
In the first half of the year, in situ respirometry tests will be conducted at the Hill Air Force Base site to measure
in situ biodegradation rates in a bioventing evaluation. Also an inert gas tracer study will be conducted to
evaluate the effectiveness of delivering air to the entire site.
Preliminary results from a field treatability study at the Brookhaven Wood Preserving Facility showed
combined removals from 81 to 85 percent over an 8-week period using white rot fungi The highest removals
were 92 to 96 percent for three-ring aromatics. Removal rates were 80 to 84 percent for four- or more-ring
aromattcs and 81 to 86 percent for PCP.
Preliminary performance data on the fixed film bioreactor at the Libby Wood Preserving Facility indicate
PAH removal from 80 to 90 percent and PCP removal from 40 to 80 percent. An increase in the hydraulic
retention time from 10 to 15 minutes strongly influenced the removal rates of both PCP and the PAHs.
At the Allied site, additional ground-water sampling transects are planned for this spring. These data witt
provide information on the natural reductive dechlorination capacity at field scale.
Remediation is expected to be initiated in April at the Park City site. Initial site characterization has been
completed and the engineering infrastructure installed.
For the Public Service site, coring to support the retrospective performance evaluation is scheduled for early
summer and exposure modeling is to be completed by the end of the summer.
Further background information on these sites can be found in previous issues of the bulletin.
-------
Btoremodlatlon In the Field
ERA Bioremediation Publications
To order EPA documents, call 513-569-7562 or FTS 684-7562. For NTIS documents, call 2-800-553-6S47,
Mierobial Removal of Halogenated Methanes, Ethanes, and Ethylenes in an Aerobic NTIS PB89-1Q3196
Soil Exposed to Methane (Journal Version)
Sequential Reductive Dehalogenation of Chloranilines by Microorganisms from a NTIS PB90-117219
Methanogenic Aquifer
Creosote-Contaminated Sites NTIS PB90-129552
Action of a Fluoranthene-Utilizing Bacterial Community on Polycyclic Aromatic NTIS PB90-245721
Hydrocarbon Components of Creosote
Assessing Detoxification and Degradation of Wood Preserving and Petroleum Wastes NTIS PB90-245275
in Contaminated Soil
Alaskan Oil Spill Bioremediation Project EPA/600/8-89/073
Laboratory Studies Evaluating the Enhanced Biodegradation of Weathered Crude Oil ..... NTIS PB90-264011
Components through the Application of Nutrients
Total Organic Carbon Determinations in Natural and Contaminated Aquifer Materials . , , . NTIS PB91-129205
Anaerobic In Situ Treatment of Chlorinated Ethenes NTIS PB91-137067
In Situ Bioremediation of Spills frpmUnderground Storage Tanks: New Approaches for . . . . NTIS PB89-219976
Site Characterization, Project Design, and Evaluation of Performance
Comparison of Methods to Determine Oxygen Demand for Bioremediation of a ....... NTIS PB89-207351
Fuel-Contaminated Aquifer
Available Models for Estimating Emissions Resulting from NTK PB90-228610
Bioremediation Processes: A Review
Role of Microorganisms in the Bioremediation of the NTIS PB90-263070
Oil Spill in Prince Willliam Sound, Alaska
Approach to Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil NTIS PB91-116152
Protocol for Testing Bioremediation Products Against Weathered Alaskan Crude Oil NTIS PB91-137018
Reductive Dehalogenation: A Subsurface Bioremediation Process NTIS PB91-144873
Field Evaluation of In Situ Biodegradation for Aquifer Restoration NTIS PB88-130257
Alternative Biological Treatment Processes for Remediation of Creosote-Contaminated .... NTISPB91-179085
Materials: Bench-Scale Treatability Studies
Nitrate for Biorestoration of an Aquifer Contaminated with Jet Fuel NTIS PB91-164285
Movement of Bacteria through Soil and Aquifer Sand EPA/600/2-91/010
Selection of Nutrients to Enhance Biodegradation for the . NTIS PB91-233304
Remediation of Oil Spilled on Beaches
Effect of Sodium Chloride on Transport of Bacteria in a Saturated Aquifer Material NTIS PB92-110428
Oil Spill Cleanup EPA/600/J-91/243
Enhanced Bioremediation Utilizing Hydrogen Peroxide as a Supplemental NTIS PB90483435
Source of Oxygen: A Laboratory and Field Study
The Federal Technology Transfer Act: Opportunities for Cooperative Biosystems CERI-90-114
Research and Development with U.S. EPA
Bioremediation of Hazardous Waste EPA/600/9-90/041
Bioremediation of Contaminated Surface Soil . NTIS PB90-164047
Enhanced Bioremediation Utilizing Hydrogen Peroxide as a Supplemental Source NTIS PB90-183435
of Oxygen: A Laboratory and Field Study
Guide for Conducting Treatability Studies under CERCLA, Aerobic Biodegradation EPA/540/2-91/013a
Remedy Screenings
Interactive Simulation of the Fate of Hazardous Chemicals during Land Treatment of NTIS PB88-195540
Oily Wastes: Ritz User's Guide
In Situ Bioremediation of Spills from Underground Storage Tanks . NTIS PB89-219976
Mierobial Decomposition of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds EPA/600/2-86/090
Removal of Volatile Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in a Soil Bioreactor NTIS PB88-180393
Transformation of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds NTIS PB88-170568
Understanding Bioremediation: A Guidebook for Citizens EPA 540/2-91/002
10
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION1
REG
I
I
I
I
I
!
I
I
LOCATION/
LEAD
Baird 4k McGuire**
Holhrook, MA
CERCLA Hind Lead
Charles George Landfill"
Tyngsboro, MA
CERCLA Fund Lead
Charlestown Navy Yard
Boston NHP National Park
•Service ' •• - •
Boston, MA
CERCLA Stale Lead
Coaldey LandfiB
Nonh Hampton, NH
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
General Electric (Woods Pond)"
Phuficld. MA
RCSA Lead (Federal)
General Electric**
Pillsficld, MA
TSCA Lead (Federal)
H.millon Standard"
Windsor Locks, CT
RCRA Lead (Federal)
iron Horse Park
Bilkria. MA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
PHONE
NUMBER
David Lederer
(«17) 573-5738
(FTS) 833-1738
Evelyn Tapahi
(617) 55«-1125
Dave Dickenon
(617) 573-S735
Dak Young
(617) 292-5785
Stephen Carbon
(617) 242-5680
Steve CaUer
(617) 573-9626
Daa Coughliffl
(«17) 573-9620
Joan Blake
(202) 26M230
(FTS) 2604236
loot Blake
(202) 260-6236
(FTS) 260-6236
Gma Ssyde*
(617) 573-9674
(FTS) S33-W74
Pted Johnson
(203) 728-6595
Scot ftost (USD)
(203) 654-3843
Don Mcelroy
(617) 223-5571
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Ground water: pesticides
(chlordaoe), creosote, BTEX.
Volume: 200 gpm.
urouad waler: KlteX, solvents,
pesticides (ehlordane), dioxiii,
arsenic.
Volume: ultimately, 30 gpm
ground water and leacbate.
Sediments: PAHs, creosote
Ground water ammonia, BOD,
Volume: 100 gallons per hour.
PoudAivcr sediments: PCB*.
Volume: 150 gallons of
sedimest and water.
SoQ and river sediments: PCBs.
Volume: 12 CB. m.
SoQ: PCBs, petroleum
n^drocaroo&t
Soifshidges: petroleum
hydrocarbons, PAHs.
Volume: 20K+ cu. yd.
STATUS
Operational: full scale.
Remediation Mart: June 1990.
Remediation expected
completion.- March 1992.
Predes%H. Remediation
expected start 1994.
Remediation expected
completion: 2020.
In design: laboratory scale.
Planning pilot safe for FY 1992.
['redesign. Remediation
expected start 1994.
Remediation especled
oompfelion: 2000,
Predesign: pilot scale since May
1991.
Operational: November 1990.
Planning to conduct trealabUrty
Stttdiet is FY 1992.
Operational: full (cafe,
Remediation start: October 1991.
Remediation expected
completion: 1996.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Ground water: MCLs
Gtottad water: arsenic,
30 pg/L; benzene, 5 pf/L
Not yet established
Ground water: ammonia,
NPDES requirements
Sediments! PCBi, 2 ppm
perpealc
Sediment* PCBl,2ppm
pei peak
Notyel established
Soil: PAHs, less than 1
ppm
TREATMENT
Ground water: continuous Dow
reactor, aeroMe conditions,
exogeooas organisms, activated
sludge. Other techaologiej:
chemical extracrJoB, Soft
incineration.
Ground water and leachale:
aerobic eonditioni, exogenous
organBDH, activated sludge with
metals precipitation; carbon
fikermg and preaetatioB being
considered.
Aerobic attached growth process,
anaerobic attached growth
process, and in sitt treatment of
sediments being considered.
Btotreatment Other
technologies: treatment tram
(metal precipitation, air
stripping). Grouad-waler
treatment: source control about
50%.
ID srtB bioremcdialion. Other
technologies: bioreactor add
Solatia* separations tsciiserntkm.
Batch reactor Oow. Other
technologies: dotation separation.
indnerition. ' • -
In situ bioreroedation.
Sofid-phase bioremedtation:
excavate to treatment
celt — snrlace treatment; land
rarming wilhrn treatment
cell — optbafeln§ natural
indigenous micrabes. 10% to
20% of site under
bioiemediation.
PROBLEMS
None
None
Hone
None
None
Nope
Kane
Effective operation occurs
only in warm seasons.
'CERCLA/RCRAAJST sites considering, planning, operating, of which have need bbremedbtion.
•Indicates a new she.
••Indicates the siM has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAsite.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
I
11
II
11
11
SITW
LOCATION/
LEA!)
Pine Sweet Canal**
Burlington, VT
CERCLA Fund Lead
Sylvester"
Nashua, NH
CERCLA Stole Lead
American Lines**
StiDwaler, NY
Stale Enforcement Lead
FAA Technical Center**
Atlantic County, NJ
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
General Efcctric"
Hudson River
TSCA Lead (Federal)
General Motors - Central
Foundry Drvtsion
Massena, NY
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Ron GiUehnd
(617) 373-3766
(FTS) 833-1766
Michael Jaiinski
(617) 373-5786
(FTS) 833-1786
Chet Janowski
(617) 573-9623
(FTS) 833-1623
Paul Hierbkr
(603) 882-3631
Frank Peduio
NY3DEC
(518) J«-MS3
Ctrla Stable
(212) 264-»395
(FTS) 264-4593
Keith Buch (FAA)
(609)494-6644
Joseph Frettdenberg
(609) 633-1453
I'm Harrington
Ajiy Shroff
NYSDEC
(SIS) «S-*792
WaSam Ports
(518) 437-5677
Lisa Carson
(212) 264-6857
(FTS) 2646837
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Ground water/soik/seduneals:
PAHs, VOCs, BTEX, cyanide.
Volume: 100K cu. yd. to 800K
cu. yd.
Ground water: phenols, MEK,
acetone, toluene, benzene, vinyl
chloride, chloroform.
Volume (ground water): 3K
gpm by air dripping, 50 gpm by
activated shidge.
Soft BTEX, PAHs, VOCs,
VTX Volume: 4J75 «. yi
SouVground water/floating
product: IP-4 jel fuel, BTEX-
naphthalenr, phenols.
Vohme: 360K gak. of free
product. Vohme (soil): 33,000
cu, yd.
RKo sediments: PCBs.
Vohnne: 130 at. ft.
Soiftxidge/sediment: PCBs.
Vohme: 3SOK.cu.yd.
STATUS
Predcsign. Treatability study
started July 1990 and cempkled
Miyl991.
Operational: full scale.
Remediation start: June 1986.
Remediation ezqpected
completion.- Jury 1994. Costs;
J2.3M per year.
Operational: full scale,
Surt July 199L Expected
completion: Fall 1992.
Bioremediatioit of first rift
section complete; preparation
beginning for second lift
In design: laboratory scale.
Design expected completioii:
Spring 1992. Remediation
expected start: Summer 1992.
Expected capital cost: S286K.
O&M cose S200K.
Predesign: laboratory scale.
Treatability study. Ejected
cost; S2.6M.
Predesign. Trealability studies:
laboratory scale. Several full-
scak treatments being
considered. Ejpectcd sUrt April
19J3.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Not yet established
State of NH drinking
studies
TCLP extract compared
to meel soi piidance
leveh
Soil NJ SoD Action
Level; NJ MCLs far
drinking water
Not yet etublubcd
Soil: 10 mg/kg PCBs.
Sediments: 1 ppm PCBs.
Sludge: 10 ppm PCBs.
TREATMENT
Soil: in situ bioremediition tod
solvent eictniction.
Ground waler: aerobic attacked
growth process (find film
reactor). Other technologies:
sofidiOcatioa, inctnerition,
ouVwater separation, inetals
removal by iktf, carboa
adsorption, solvent extractions.
Activated sludge bntreatntent
with extended aeration. Other
technologies: vacuum extraction.
Solid-phase bioremediation.
ConUmiaited soil h ipprfcd in 2-
ft layer; rMtneitto are added a»d
toD is tifled by medunioil means.
100* of she under '
bioremedlitioik.
In situ feioremediation. Other
technologies: &ee product
extraction, cement kiln
incineration, and addition of
nutrients for subsequent
reinfection; foBventiag; oH-gas
treatment with catatytic
incinerator combustion or
activated carbon absorption of
VOCs.
In situ bioremediation. aerobic
condMoa*. indigenous organisms.
teqUencmg batch readon.
Sequencing batch reactors: skirry
phase bioremedtation. Other
technologies: chemical extraction,
thermal desorption. and chemical
treatmeM will be considered in
the event that biorenjedktjon is
unsuccessful
PROBLEMS
None
Difficulty in providing
sufiicieat nutrients to
maintain an active
bio mass.
NOK
None
PCB degradation.
O9 and grease in samples
is hindering efficiency of
bwremediaiwn; material
may require pretreatmenL
indicates a sew site.
••Indicates the site has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non CERCLA site.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
•i:l:?:i:
.'••V ;.'':.'.''-:"
'::;•;•• .:•:'•' '•'.'••;•:'
11
tl
It
II
u
111
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
;.' Ksfcptl .CowmicfiWijSMj:-;;::; ;-;! m.
alfe^yi^^Ki^sssiSsss -«s;::;:
Mobil Terminal
Buffalo, NY
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Nasoolile"
MitMBe, Nl
CERCLA Fund Lead
Osmose"
Buffalo, NY
CERCLA State Lead
Pbrttburgh AFB*
PhtBtargn, NY
Federal FadBry
Syracuse"
SJ>taea»e.NY
UST Lead (Slate)
ARC
GauejrfUe, VA
RCRA Lead (Fedeml)
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
iFtink- PedulO ::8:v£Si >:
•-.:•:• • -• ' ^: -• •'•:•••. ./•,•.•:•:•:•;.:•••:-•-:.:.:-.•:•'
m*®mwfmm
mm.m-»ii3^
"''*il«'iliiiiaii::':*:::':''"*'*'-":':':' '•' '>>':rr:::':::'' •"•.'•. :x'::>S:;'!:':::.:'v •
;.::$IRtBo^f«-::-: v\/;|:|.;::v:;,:"''>';:;;v ; ;':v:'? '•:• x':-?-::'/-
i:;.::::;.:. r;:^:^::*":^;':::-"::;:; .\.:::v:" -:": "V! ^ - -'^ •••£: :':•,
Soil: gasoline. BTEX. PAH,
VOC.
Votame: 2 acre bwremcdation
cell^ approximalery 5K en. yd.
Gro» ad water vobtifes,
melhylmetbacryfate,
MBUvohlfles. VoKimc: aO
itttderlyiiig ground water under
Motfealineiit.
Soit: creosote, feet oiL
Volume: 670 cu yd.
• '~*~^/
•v^frt
Ground water: petroleum
Sofl: petrokam hydrocarbons,
jet fuel
Vokne: jk»6Koi.yd
Sol: ckkxobenxene.
Vokiaie:2Kc«, yd.
STATUS
:;i Rcmcdiatjon ititt: Jinuiry 1989.
RemedatMii completed: October
^ffimfi^^^Mmmm:
|||I|f||||||^||||||
Opcrationst full Kale imce Inly
1991,
Predcsign. Trealabilily studies
on so3 oon^feted September
1990; studia OD ground water
underway. Remediation
eiTKcted Mart: September 1993.
Remediatioi expected
completion: Jawaiy 1996.
Operational: full scale.
Remediation start: September
1990. Expected tosb: S125K.
Piedcsigo; po»ibk pilot scale.
Remediation expected «tart:
March 1994.
Operarkimat till wale.
Rttt ftasK started Jur/ 1990;
oon«)leted Spring 1991, Second
ph»w: ttarted Spring 1991, Site
wan prepared for donte BiB
1991, but smsll Batrettcd are.i
were discovered. Material has
be« «eparated and moved to aa
•djucent Me* tat treitment in
Spring 1991
Completed; fuU icale. Started
October 19S9, Completed lone
1»1.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
SQioi^;:w*tiSi:-BTEX,-:te
i^Hili^^i^F
-mm®wmmm&
Soil (excavated): BTEX
PAH, VOC - NYSDEC
guidance values, based
onTCUP.
Nl Interim Soil Aetna
Levek lot
methylmetb«ciyble: 350
ppb (ground water)
Not yel esubbshed
Not yet established
NYSoacfeamp Leveb
Soft catorobeazene,
OJiUfpm
TREATMENT
};|6l-|J*.J«^jSi^!S^^M:IS.^-
•«i»i^^p*lii.liil.lirliKi;;;-
¥i«iir|e(iti1i Hit^mi^. fy^a^m-
'i^i|^i|.i^i:;^|^i|i||nii
'* w:^a^:«irS!^:i^fii^lili| I
s tt*oigS|pp^iiffti|ip;^i^
Sofid-pkase bkuemedialion,
aerobie canditioss, exogeaoas
orgaaEDts; conUminated (oil
removed when dean and placed
on adjacent property. Other
technologies: vacuum extraction
added AprB 1991, 190* of tile
under bferemedation.
Ground wain: rotating biological
contactor; source of
xucfoorgamsms Mot yet
determined. Other technologies:
wMificatioB/stabilization of site
soik contaminated wilh lead.
SoKd-pkase btoremedathaL 30%
of site under bioremednitioB.
In siw bioremedatioB,
bioventing.
Sobd-phase fcieieiaedatioK *oi
removal at other Kalf of rite.
Bioangmentalion iboveground,
bioveuting. Other 1econobgie»;
po«»i a»d treat, poeibty »a
Jhredding. 3%of«ltetruderw«ttt
biotemeJiaUon. .
PROBLEMS
i<&?&&i3&x«%i$$>;:Xi;£'.-piv,
y$-£:*'8$sM3&'* WK ••'• -*:^ '•'••
None
None
None
None
Late t tut for Got poast;
cold weather (lowed ate
of MoRBwdartOB.
NOM
•Indicates a new tile.
"Indicates the she has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAsite.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
Atlantic Wood
Portsmouth, VA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Avtex Fibers
Front Royal, VA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Drake Chemical
Lock Haven, PA
CERCLA Fund Lead
L.A. Clarke & Son"
VA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Ordnance Works
Disposal Area
WV
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Whitmore Labs"
Myerstown, PA
CERCLA Fund Lead
Alabama State pocks'*
Mobfle, AL
RCRA L«a<( (Fedet»l)to>a
RCRA Lead (Stateygroand water
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Drew Lausch
(215) 597-1286
(FTS) 597-1286
Bonnie Gross
(215) 597-9023
(FTS) 597-9023
Roy Schrock
(215) 597-0517
(FTS) 597-0517
Gene Wingert
(215) 597-1727
(FTS) 597-1727
Drew Lausch
(215) 597-1286
(FTS) 597-1286
Christopher Corbett
(215) 597-6906
Noreen Chamberlain
(717) 657-6309
Nancy Bethune
(404) 347-3433
(FTS) 257-343$
Clyde Sherer
{20$) 271-tTM
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Soil/sediments PCP, PAH from
wood preserving dioxins
(furans)
Ground water: arsenic, zinc,
lead, carbon disulfide,
hydrosuffide, phenol cadmium
Soil/ground water: pesticides,
DCE, fenac (herbicide)
Soil/sediments: creosote.
Volume: 119K cu. yd.
Soil: carcinogenic PAHs.
Volume: Approx. 42K cu. yd.
Soil'ground water/sludges:
arsenic, aniline, still bottom
wastes (only certain soils are
targeted for bioremediation).
Volume: 4K cu. yd.
Ground water/soil PCP,
creosote:
STATUS
Predesign: RI/FS ongoing. ROD
start date: 2nd quarter FY 1992.
In design. Expected start: 4th
quarter of 1992. Expected cost:
S9M.
Predesign: laboratory sole.
Start May 1991. Expected
completion: April 1992.
In design: pilot scale. Started:
November 1991. Expected
installation: 1992. Cost: S23M
for entire site.
Predesign: treatability studies
planned. RD start date: August
1990. Expected completion:
March 1993. Planning laboratory
scale. Unilateral administrative
order issued June 1990.
Expected cost $8.3 M.
Predesign. Limited treatability
study completed June 1990.
Remediation expected start June
1993. Negotiation with PRPs
continuing.
Predesign: full scale. State
RCRA permit (GW) issued
9/13/91, In situ phased
implementatfoB 1*93. Federal
RCRA (H$WA> permit issued
9/13/91. RCRA facility
investigation (sottrot/ioa)
1/21/W.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Not yet established
0.05 mg/L arsenic; 5
mg/L zinc; 0.05 mg/L
lead; 0.7 mg/L carbon
disulfide; 03 mg/L
phenol; 0.01 mg/L
cadmium; not established
for hydrosulfide
Not yet established
Not yet established
Carcinogenic PAHs, 44.7
ppm
Arsenic above
background levek.
Saturated soils (mg/kg):
benzene, 0.002;
trichloroethene, 0.004;
tetrachloroelhene, 0.012;
aniline, 0.002.
Unsaturated sous
(mg/kg): benzene, 0.009;
trichloroethene, 0.017;
tetrachloroethene, 0.051;
aniline, 0.009.
Ground water
catommm, 0.05 mg/L;
arsenic. 0.05 mg/L;
benzene, 0.005 mg/L;
MDL for aB others
continuing, SoB cleanup
level! have not yet beta
established.
TREATMENT
Soil/sediments: solid-phase
bioremediation. Other
technologies being considered:
soil washing, thermal desorption,
incineration.
Biological and chemical
wastewater treatment
Aerobic attached growth.
Soil: in situ bioremediation;
creosote recovery. Other
technologies: sol flushing. 25%
of site under bioremediation.
Solid-phase bioremediation.
Other technologies: solidification
of inorganics.
Biological treatment (treated soils
will be disposed of off site).
Other technologies: chemical
treatment Less than 10% of site
under bioremediation.
Ground isaler: aerobic attacked
in site bioiemedaUio* tor both
PCP «nd creosote. So* »nd-
pnasebiore«KdJ»tion. Srarry-
phas* Worcmediatkm may be
used if level* are few enough.
100% of tfceste kssdet
bioremtdkaca
PROBLEMS
Presence of metals and
dioxins and furans might
be a problem.
None
None
None
None
None
None
•Indicates a new she.
"Indicates the site has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAsiie.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
_
IV
IV
IV
IV
LOCATION/
LEAD
American Creosote Works
Jackson, TN
CERCtA Fund Lead
O.U. #1
O.U. #2«*
O.U. #3
American Creosote Wotb**
Pemcoh, FL
CERCLA Fund Lew!
Broolchiven Wood Preseivnig*
Brookhaven, MS
CERCLA Find Lead
Brown Wood Preserving"
Live Oaks, FL
CERCtA Enforcement Lead
Cabot Koppers"
Gainesville, FL
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
PHONE
NUMBER
Tony DeAngek)
(404) 347-7791
(FTS) ZJ7-7791
ROB Sells
(901) 423-6600
Madoko Slreng
(404) 347-2643
(FTS) 257-2643
Beverfc; Houston
(404) J47-3866
Charles Logan
(904) 488-0190
Art Smith
(«4) 347-3931
(FTS) 257-3931
Martha Berry
(404) 347-2643
(FTS) 257-2643
Claries Logan
(904) 488-0190
Martha Berry
(404) 347-2643
(FTS) 257-2643
Kebey Helton
(904) 4884190
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
So3: creosote
Ground water: creosote, PCP,
solvents. 2-3 feet of product in
moaitortBg wells.
Soil&ludge: creosote.
Volume: 50K+ 01. yd. with
50K+ 01. yd. bier.
Soil: creosote, PAHs, PCP,
dioxia.
Votome; 20,000 en. yd.
Sol: creosote, PCP
Soit creosote, PAHs, PCP,
dtorins.
Volume: 9K en. yd.
Soil: PAlis; organic* (pbeook.
uphtbakne, Duorine, pyrene.
peBtacblorofilie&oI, etc.); Bietab
(ireenic, cbromhim).
Vokime: 6,700 en. yd
STATUS
Predesign.
Predesiga Hydrogeologk
investigation underway.
Remediation expected start
Deceidber 199S. Eitpected
conpletion: December 1998.
Prcdesign. Partial removal of
iKidget (creosote) and highly
ooBtaminaled aoib for oltitc
iodaeration has occaned. Stil
no feaiibiBty srudiei.
I> design: pilot irate.
Remediation expected start:
October 1992. Remediation
expected completion: September
1994. Expected coif. $3M.
Predes^a: pilot scale. Field
scale demonstration test.
Remediation expected itart: May
1993. Eao^ected completiott: May
1994.
Completed. Full teak and
monitored for 3 yn.
Remediation start: October 1988.
Remediation completed:
December 1991.
In design: foil scale. Des%a
work plan started: April 1991.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
100 ppm for 6-8
indicators
100 ppm for 6-8
indicators
100 ppm for 6-8
Indicators
Soil: PCP, 30 mg/kg:
PAHs, 50 m«Ag: dknaa
on site, 2 J igJkg diorin
off site, 1.0 fig/kg
Not yet esublished
Soil 100 ppm PAHU
Carcinogeiue PAHs, 0.59
ppm; organics: pkenoh,
4.28 ppm; naphthalenes.
211 ppm; fluorine, 323
ppm; PCP, 2.92 ppm;
netalE aneak, 27 ppm;
chromnm, 92.7 ppm.
TREATMENT
Not yet established
NotyetertabHsied.
20% of site under
fctoremedittioii.
Solid-phase bioremedation:
aerobk conditions, indigenous
organism, dealing with process
area contained JoBs and Trad"
creosote itidges la n large capped
lagoon. 50% of she under
bioremedaition.
Soil: sainy-phase bioremediatKHi.
Other technologies: incineration
being considered for dtorin-
contaminaled soib.
Land treatment with aerobic
growth conditions and indigenes!
and exogenoss organ ems.
Solid-phase bioremediation:
tnrface treatment Iked whh day
bermsS-Cft
Is situ bioremediation. Other
technologies: soB washing with
bioremediation or sofidifkntioiL
50% of she under
bioremedialion.
PROBLEMS
Remedial action
contingent npon recewtng
16% cost skare from
state. Funds available for
testability stadira oily
BioreniediatioB not
effective for remedtatioii
of dioxins in soifei
Lack of information oa
use of white tot hagns at
field-sole level Re Id
trealability study does
show reduction of PCP
and creosote: 86% and
96%, respectfae^F.
None
None
•Indicate* a new site.
"Indicate! Ike site has been updated or inchdei MW information.
Shading indicates a oon-CERCLA lite.
i
5
-------
REG
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
sire?
LOCATION/
LEAD
Cape Feit Wood Preserving
Fayetteville, NC
CERCLA Fund Leu)
Carohwti**
Oirobwn, SC
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Cefenese Fibers Operations**
Shelby, NC
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Coteman-Evanj"
White House. FL
CERCLA Fund Lead
DuboseOB
Cantonment, FL
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Jos Bornholm
(404)347-7791
(FTS) 347-7791
Al Cherry
(404) 347-7791
(FTS) 347-7791
Ken Malbry
(404) 347-7791
ry
soridiBcation.
Not yet established
Se^iyeaciag batch reactor. In
addition to bioremediirion,
carbon adsorption and air
stripping are used for ground-
water remediation.
Starry-phase bioremedatio» in
treatment train: soB washing,
biorernedurion. soid
stabilization.
Landfill: 100% nndei
bio re media tkHL
Operations: 50* under
bioretnedntioiL
Sofid-phase bioremediation.
Other technologies: carboa
adsorption. Approx. 90% of Ac
ihe wD be burcmedbted.
PROBLEMS
Study was terminated due
to time constrimts.
Hone
i
Bio mass apsets decnasing
operating efficiency of
treatment system. Cause
of upset vnknown to date.
COD removal efficiency
for seventh operational
quarter was 92% for welt
located dose to sonree.
TOC was 87% removal
efficiency.
Wood chkt removal from
sous. Bioremediation was
found to be ineffective for
dioons.
Pilot study was delayed
due to waiting for the
remits of a dioria test
•Indicates * mm tile. j
••Indicates (he she has bee* updated or includes new information. Shading Mate* < noa-CERCLA site. |
31
I
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
si:gl\?.:;;;S:
Bill
:M.B&i.>
rv
JV
IV
IV
V
V
SITE
LOCATION/
LEAD
«Ptotii^^3:«^fimmvmt;~
j^^^issjjiiijj
La»gd»!e Facility ff<^:fi:&mmA!»a
RCRA Lead (Staleygnmnd water
While Howe Waste
White Howe,FL
CERCLA Fund Lead
ABied Chemical"
Ironton, OH
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Allied Signal/Bender."
Si Joseph, Ml
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
::MM:Ara«tfes»'«'*
":P^I**^ili.:|
il^lliiyiii;
Charles Burroughs
':;;^;:ifi-«24|::i.i-:
. ;C X'iC :'X:::'"x::::']:::; '. :> '::-''-::- VxV: :
Chuck Eger
(404) 347-3931
(FTS) 257-3931
Don Rigger
(404) 347-3931
(FTS) 257-393J
Pat Anderses
<4«) 347-3433
^^yA:;m±mfi^
:|f;:i|: :;!;:Sf •*"' :;::i:|S;?lll: :lllll
|^lSI?^fli^§P^H^®
Soflvyudgo: cteosolc (KflOl ;
'!^).S;0:;^:^!llI-!ii:i
Soil: dkamba, benzoic acid,
dicUorosalkydic acid,
bemoiiitrSe
Sol cieoiole
Ground water/toil: PCP,
CTcosotr. Volume (»3> 1 acre
with onccrtaiB depla. Vobme
(groyed water); 5 acre* wirii
coBtaminated plum*.
QtoBod wate^soil/sedbncats:
acids, PCB, waste oii czeosote.
Volume: 56,900 en, yd.
Lagoon sedimeMs: PAHs.
Volume: SOOKcu.yd.
Ground water TCE, DCE, VC
STATUS
jiP^esij^^
: : lniallatk)n. Cxjoumbated toU
'^IM^iMi^Mifimi: 11
:}:a^^-*^;.feift(j^Ji|pg||:W:;;;:::
Predesign. Pilot bench-scale
trealability studies being
reviewed. Work plans in place .
Operational: (all scale since
Api3 1990, Expected
complelion: April 1993.
Expected cost: S1.7 M.
I'fedesigii: foU scale
Piedesign. Laboratory scale
completed. Expected start of
des%&: April 1992. Remediation
expected start: Marcs 1993.
RenediatioB expected
completion: March 1995.
Expected cost J18.9M.
Prcdesijtt. Pilot studies; AprS-
Suromer 1992. Enhance
MoavabfeUqr tnrough use of
surfactants, and facilitate Ike
delivery of oxygen to Ike waste
matrix. Incurred cost for testing:
>$2M. Expected cost: $20M.
Predesign. Treatabiliiy study to
be convicted line 1992.
Laboratory teak ud pilot scale.
1993. Remediation expected
completion: 1998.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
|:|||i^;i^bB^;|:;||||:
lllllllllllllll
fiifiXtffHiifilfXx-fiiKfKfKSKifaX:
;::S)SSSKKS*::S:V?:?:!*:>S f:«iSSSSH.:f
::;:|li:ig||ji||f |;-||| IP;!|s:i::i;
;i:ll':Sl?>?iill::ii:»l silsslw
";:f ::slPai:«f?:5i;S|; SiliSvi: " U '
. 25 ppm for all
constituents
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not yet established
Soils/waste; 1 to 100
mf\f total carcinogenic
PAHs; target level 1
ng/kg; risk based
Not yet established
TREATMENT
Soil: In sitli bk>renKdk>riDti, fand ;
^a^^^^^i^^^j^
|^iliny^i|if:S^^p||||;|||i:
^^rmiowM^:^mwiip::jiiiMW::
•&*ja&&^^
-l^^^^i^i^M^immff
nutrienti, and TOmetaboKte, : £
Undetetmined
Slurry batch-flow reactor.
Aerobic growth conditions;
indigenous and exogenous
organisms. Other technologies:
so3 washing.
Solid-pbaje bioremedbulKin OB
•ok seqnenciag batch reactor oa
pound water. Considering
«hrry-pha« bioremediatkm,
100% of the she tuioer
bioremedialioa.
Slurry reactor, continuous Oow,
completely mhed. Treatment
train: sofl washing.
biortmediatiom, loKd
staMHzalion. 100% under
bioremediation.
In situ PAH bbrenedation and
prepared pad bk>reme4i»tion.
Other technologies: ioctneration
whh onsite tense of waste heat
(waste fuel recovery); ground-
water pump and treat 10% of
file under bioremediation.
In situ bioremediation: using
indigenous tnelhantrophs. 75%
of she under b»reroediario«u
PROBLEMS
j^gjjSJjjj^
'•'.'•- WO^Ie.-:::-.::>:_ :"::.:f:f>:::V.:.:::::/-x::V':v -;',','. ':'. • •
None
Failed to meet current
K001 tend ban standards
lor pvrene and
phenanthiene. May be
forced lo seek treatabuity
vatbaee.
Hone
None
Current^ experiencing
djfiicuities detivering
oxygen to sedineMS. Lab
work underway to
increase MoavaaabiKty of
PAlls.
Recent samplmg has
identi5ed h%h TCE
conoentratioas, polectkly
toxic for aerobic
ofganbrm. Doing
additional tests to
examine twtvphate
anaerobic/aerobic system.
•Indicates • new site.
"Indicates the sNe hat been updated or iactadet new information.
Shading indicate* a non-CERCLAsite.
-------
oo
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
SITE?
LOCATION/
LEAD
Arisleck Chemfcah"
HaverkiB, OH
RCRA Lead (Federal)
Aulostyle
Kentwood, MI
State Lead
BAF Trucking Company"
Rochester. MN
UST Lcid (Slate)
BP OS Company"
Una, OH
RCRA Lead (Federal)
Burlington Northern
MN
CERCLA State Lead
Cliff/Dow Disposal Site
MI
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Fisher-Cafe
LaPoite, IN
CERCLA Pond Lt»d
Galesburg/Koppers
EL
CERCLA State Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Malt OH
(312)88*4442
BofcVoIkmar
014) SM-S412
Scott Scbcnncrbarn
(614) 38S4501
Bonnie White
(«6) 4J6-SJ71
Pat Hanson
(612) 297-8578
Stephen Thompson
(612) 2974603
Jerry GraBkmas
(419) 226-2392
Gary Vanderembse
(419) 226-2744
Tony Rulter
(312) 886-8961
(FTS) 886-8961
Fred Jenness
(«12) 297-S470
UdaTan
(312) 886-1842
(FTS) 8S6-1842
Brace Van Ottera
(SIT) 373-8427
Brad Bradley
(312) 886-4742
(FTS) 886-4742
Brad Bradley
(312) 886-4742
(FTS) 886-4742
Steve Davis
(212) 7SS-3913
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Soil: cumene, phenols.
Volume: 140 ft t>( drainage
ditches.
Ground water/soils: solvents,
aromatic kefones, aleoboL
Volume: 15-20 gpm.
SouVgrouBd water; BTEX,
gasoline.
Volume: 700 en. yd.
Soil: petroleum
SouYground water: oil,
carcinogenic and non-
careinogenic PAHs, creosote.
Vohime: 10K cu. yd.
Soil/ground water: wood far,
acetic acid, phenol, PAHs
Soil/ground water: TCE, DOS,
DCA.PCBS
Soil: phenols, chtoropheaol,
PNAs, Kf, PAHf
STATUS
Operational: bllicale,
Remediarioa Mart: July 1991.
Incurred cottilSOK. Expected
TO5t$Z38K. ,
Optrationat full sole since
September 1 WO.
Operational full Male,
Remediation stall: April 1991;
additlorial eqnq^aieat seeds to be
installed. Reroedialbn expected
cotnpJelioK December 1992.
Inourcd cosCSWlK. Expected
coiL- S20K.
Ptedes%K hfl Male «tudy
Underway. RenwdUtion
ejected start: 1992.
Operational: full sole fince
1987. Expected cootpletioiK
1995. Incurred owt S725K.
Expected costs of O&M; S38.6K
per year for 30 years.
Ptedesign: laboratory scale.
Actual start November 1991.
Design: laboratory scale.
Ptedesign. Especied Marl dale:
hie 1992.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Phenol, 4.1 mg/kg;
cumenc, 4.67 mjlj;
health risk based
Not yet established
Soil: BTEX, SO aig/lg.
Oronod waicr: BTEX,
)00 x MN DepL of
Health RALs.
Nol ytt established
Ground water:
carcinogens, 28 mg/L;
aonearcuiogens, 300
mg/L. Sol
detoxification leveb.
Not yet established
SppbTCE; TOppb
DOB; 200 ppb DCS;
drinking water standards
used where possible
Not yet established
TREATMENT
U situ bioremediation.
Indigenous and exogenotti
bicteria are tiBtd into the SoiL
More than 1& (only drainage
• dilck a re«) m uader
bwlWedaltMlll.
Aerobic attached |towth ptoce«:
rtbmci jcd Afd film reactor.
Otbet technologiei: vacuum
extractioa, coi vapor extraction
for product recovery and soB '
treatment 100% of ground water
at she is aider bioremediation.
In $it!S ax>9 bioremediation;
external bioreador. 75% of site
lisder bioBemediatiom.
Solid-phase bkiremcdaiiott
Treatment train: in situ and solid
phase bioremedktion*
Other technologies: thermal
oVsorption. ground-water
monitoriag. 20% of the 4-acre
site under bbrenediation.
In situ forced aeration. 10% of
silt nude? biofeaiediBrtoB.
Undelermined. 1% of site may
be aider bioremcdktion.
SoBd-phaM bioremediatioa; in
situ with amendments. 100% of
sol at she wffl be bioremediated.
PROBUEMS
Eroeiaive toil moisture
None
Increase is iroa
Conotntratkm ia groand
wafer is cauing bos
bacteria aid rcsaltiag in
Ike accaiaiBitJoa of
"jKme" on the mibce of
pipe* «ad otter process
vo^v^iiievt
Land tMatneM mil
petmildeaieA
X^egradatKm rate is longer
than expected for the
more complex
coatamiaants.
Vohime increase (100%);
temperature coMroL
None
Now
•Indicates a new the,
**lfidkaies the site has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAsite.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOEEMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
ii&VJv.;;;
.'''''';v')':::;/::':
''!*!•>&
:;:;;;-V::r.
V
V
V
V
V
SITE?
LOCATION/
LEAD
. He»tchellsi:vv4S;;s:j':::::a::i5:Ks;?::,:,:::
s***^i^»;;iiiiiPi
:;:;:^:Llia;;
:|||||§||1I||§;S|||1|||S;
:lll:lf;illl!Plilltil:I;';i^'
^':K: /•'Sl^P^^fflf S:
: JoHct Army Ammunition Plahl"
:^-'Bt^mmmmiim-'-:
^^M^I'^Ilif-1.'.
Josryn MFC"
Brooklyn Center, MN
CERCLA State Lead
Marathon. Sttlion-Ervinei
Krntwood. MI
Stale Lead
MavviBe Fire Department**
Mayviue, NO
USTT Lead
McQilB Gfcb"
MN
CERCLA Fund Leid
Moss AmericM*-
MihfMiie*, WI
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
CuNfACI/
PHONE
NUMBER
Ann Kminglon : :: :: : ;
Sii^liR
- Dion NoVak'..;: •••.;;...:;
"(3!12)'i886-l7Sf ••;:::::?Y'
Steve Mifler ;;'
•'^^iii^V:i-:v-
": •"•":.":"":-: -:-':y':-' : • V ;- . ' •-': :
'---:-' •. '.':--'- - — •_•• • •. . • . :"•-:-. ' • -:-.-
John Belcher
612) 296-7821
Kevin Timer
(312) 8&*4444
(FTS) 886-4444
Bonnie White
(616) 456-5071
Jon May ts
(517) 084-9141
Daryl Owens
(312) 886-7089
Belly La vis
(312) 886-4784
(FTS) 8S6-4784
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
; Ground W«ter/s6it: JB'.LtiXS ; . if. -._• •:. ••
:K'V.;-§ :-S;;:;;:': ?•• •' • ?::?':';''s?'' .• ~r:::*S
<::'C(':.^;;fi:;!;.L?l;||!;li^l'-s*s;:>:P:;?:;
Soifc TNT, DNT( RBX. ;>: ;
:"Arii:W»crei;-:..::->-'V.::<'*; v-""
..-: • 'V;:.v.v • .,..'':.-::* :--;f •'•'.;:,:••,
. -- -'- ' ::"" •! • "'-: •" ' ::'"'- • •"-:: • '
Soit PAHs, PCP.
Volume: 67K eu. yd.
Ground wilei; BHTEX, gisolimr.
Vokime: 3-5 gptn
Soil-pound water: BTEX
Ground w«ter: PAHs, PCP
Soil^ediaieitts: creosote.
Volume: 86,500 ca. yd.
STATUS
: Compkted. Full scrnte itsrted :
I :^»j^;«(8S!^oi^iSlls -J
^r^l^pl^iiig &W;|pv
i ::doiiiiSp: it t^dui nm^ifi-Mf
edge of pWn^Ako need ioil
.siiiifai^f&VfiMVxWyKl':
•:_\.^^^f^v^mf^t;yxKfiiii:-.:;::-.
Prcdeji jru sobd-phase tre»tme«l.
•;:S« dea^ fer;;i*i^WSi§i*;¥
:S-pli^s:P8brMii;:f'ftiin^e^iri6ii:f;i
-i:-«^^W^P*;i^il»'
: IU«ediilw«:*?pe«e.V:.'y:::;:-:--;;;:::::';
Sofl: 100 ppm total
PAHs; 150 ppm total
PCP: denial contact
standards
Ground water; gasoline
(background
ooadelection levels or
rHt-b«ed Irvcb)
Soil 10 ppb BTEX.
Ground water. 1 ppb
BTEX:
Not yet established.
POTW prelreatment
standards.
SokVsednneM: creosote,
6.1 ppm
TREATMENT
.>::Gfc^:'lo^:U:*iM:%:>SS:.:5;SmSSi>
i|||iiii^|^|ilnil^|||||:
5:«ilP6ia.p^:ai^|l:-;sf::»:
.jait^of.romon^chlor^,
moBritodiuni ptio^ilatti disbdiaiitt
'i^a^m^m^i^^.
tKMtgMitjiiKiiigmMXsMi
So Q: flurry batck reactor awl fand
>mm&mm*m%nm
'•'.-•. :•:•.-;.:'>..;. •:•'•:'•: ;•:•••;.:•; :>•:->>:•.:; •:;:;:::-/:-:*: v:W-V:::::"::-:v:':':'
tmmmt®vmi!wmw
i::o«;dJ:»Q«.>c^;»B^l;»BK*s
;x|ps«|^p»p|^;ppj»ni;;;::
Solid-phase bioremedktion. 10-
acre land treatment anii Other
technologies: ground-water pump
nad treat 35% of she
rgouig
Aerobic attached growth process;
submerged find Chn. Other
ttchnologiei: carboa polish nail
to ensure eompfianoe with
NPDES permit 95% of captured.
ground waller at site is aider
MoremediMhtB. '
Btoremediation using oij-gen with
BO additioa of mifrieatt.
O round water: aerobic attached
growth process firod film. Other
technologies: soi washing and
soil incineration under
consideration.
Shrry-phase bioremediarioa:
b»reactof nslig md^eaoas
bacteria. Other technologies: soi
washing.
PROBLEMS
:*;:Ifon^brminJi.1Nicteria -.:::;:;:;i;::: ~.
;: '• doggrag .c§r^:i^fiaB||i:::::;.
;;:::;:::::;:::;: ';:::: >-:::;:::W:::;:X:;: yi:;:v:'!;x;:;:;:;:x: f;:]::'
^^"•-^'^'•••••'•'''•'^^^'^^r'iv^'v:?:':^':1:^:':^:-:
';>:->;%:x'-"":-. :::X;::::-;::::::-;-:X:xt®:-;';- ^M^:~
::.$BK \;'mm^:
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
New Lyme UndlUI"
New Lyme, OH
CERCLA Fund Lead
Onabska Municipal Landfill"
LaCrosje County, WI
CEROLA Fund Lead
Organic Chemical
MI
CERCLA Fund Lead
Parke-Davis"
Holland, MI
RCRA Lead (Federal)
Rasmussen
Livingston County, Ml
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
RciUy Tar ft Chemical
Si Loan Park, MN
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Rei% T«r**
IN
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
tUNTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Ted Smith
(312) 353-6571
Kevin Adter
(312) 886-7078
Robin Schmidt
(60S) 267-7569
Paul Kogol
(608) 264-6013
Ton Williams
(312) 886-6157
Shari Kohk
(312) SS6-6151
Dave Slayton
(517) 373-8012
Ken Gbtt
(312) 886-1434
Deaise Graben
(517) 335-3386
Daryl Owens
(312) S86-7089
(FTS) 886-7089
Doug Beckwith
(612) 296-7715
Mike Scott
(612) 296-7297
Dion Novak
(312) 886-4737
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Ground watert ethyl benzene,
methylene chloride
Soil: naphthalene, BTEX.
Volume: S.OOOrai.yd.
Ground water: oil, TCE,
toluene
SoO/groHnd water: BTEX,
sofcrcnis, benzene, methanol,
isopropanol. fuel
Ground water: acetone, I1ETP,
2-buta&one, jsophorone, 2-
melbylplien&^ 4-
metbylpentaiioDe
Soil:PAHs
Giound water: creosote
Ground water: benzene,
ammonia, pyridine.
Volume: 1.6 Bigd extraction
system.
STATUS
Operttioaat conducted pilot-
scale srudy in January 1988.
Remedbition «t«rt: November
1991. Expected cost: S5M to
J6M.
Predes^n: laboratory scale.
Treitability studies: October
1991 to March 1992.
Remediation expected start:
Summer 1992. Remediation
expected completion: Fall 1993.
Expected cost: S1.2M.
Predesign: started February 1992.
Wailing for feasibility study to do
remediation on TCE and
toluene. Worldag on additional
work plan for oil Ground-water
pump and treat expected start
September 1992.
Predcsiga
Predesign
Predesign: laboratory scale.
Treatahility study start:
September 1991. T.S. expected
completioa: September/October
1993. Expected cost for
treattbfliry studies: S140K.
Predesign: laboratory scale. Will
prob«bly not select
bio-remediation as a viable
technology. May be used on
source uea remediation at *
bier date.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Ground water: ethyl
benzene, 68 pg/L;
methytene chloride, 473
fig/L; phthahte, 9.2 pg/L
Notyetestabtshed
Not yet established
Not yet established
Ground water: acetone,
700 ppb; 2 -bun none, 350
ppb; 4-methyl-2-
pentanone, 350 ppb
Not yet established
Nol yet established
TREATMENT
Ground valet; rotating biological
reactors, fined film. 100% of the
she under MoremediitioB.
In sits eioremediatioiL Other
technologies: ground-water pump
and treat 3 of 11 acres under
bioremedfation. 20% of site win
undergo bioremedtation.
Pump and treat as interim action
until levefe of organks are
reduced.
Undetermined
Considering pump and treat air
stripping/carbon absorption
treatment with added
microorganisms and nutrients;
fixed film reactor, immobilized.
Other technologies: chemical
treatment and air striping.
100% of site under
biort mediation.
Soil: in tint bioremediation;
surface and subsurface; using
additional nutrients (N,P).
Ground water: pump and treat
with discharge to POTW. Other
technologies: carbon adsorption.
Ground water: sequencing batch
reactor, ooatiniious Sow. 100%
of site under bioremediation.
PROBLEMS
Calcium carbonate
precipitation causing
plugging. Fungi entering
with influent causing
plugging.
Ad|acent tendHI
generate* CHr
Dioiin in the toil
precluded bench scale
testing by EPA-
Non«
None
None
60 to 80 ft of aquifer with
cooductMlief of 10 "
minus lO^wftk
interfingering »ta naib
are aot contaiBOKs.
•Indicates a new site.
••Indicates the site has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAstte.
-------
-
REG
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
Seymour Recycling
IN
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Unit 1
Unit 2
Sheboygan River and Harbor"
Sheboygan, WI
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Sleeping Bear Dunes
National Lakeshore"
Empire, MI
Federal Facility
Speigelberg Landfill
Livingston Township, MI
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
St. Louis River
Interlake/Duhith Tar Site**
Dukith, MN
CERCLA Slate Lead
Union Carbide**
OH
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Upjohn Company Pottage
Facility*
Kalamazbo, MI
RCRA Lead (Federal)
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Jeff Gore
(312) 88o-«552
(FTS) 886-6552
Bonnie Eleder
(312) 886-4885
(FTS) 886-4885
John Wilson
(403) 332-8800
(FTS) 743-2011
Guy SeweO
(405) 332-8800
Ken Ghtz
(312) 886-1434
Denise Gntben
(517) 335-3386
Debbie Siebers
(312) 353-9299
(FTS) 353-9299
Kathleen Warren
(312) 353-6756
Terry Roundtree
(312) 353-3236
Lorna Jereta
(312) 353-5110
{FTS) 353-5110
GregRudloff
(311) 353-4788
(312) 886-0455
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Ground water: VC, TCE, DCE,
benzene, chloroethane.
Volume: 500K gallons.
Sofl: VC, TCE. DCE. Volume:
IHKcu. yd.
Sediments: PCBs. Vohime:
2,700 cu. yd. in capped disposal
facility. Approximately 10K Ib
PCB.
Ground water, gasoline.
Volume: IK gaL
Ground water: 2-butanone, 2-
hexanone. Volume: 140K cu.
yd.
Soils/sediments: VOCs, PAHs
Soil/ground water: VOCs,
dioxin, mono- and dichlorinated
biphenyk, PCBs
Soil/ground water! solvents
STATUS
Operational: full scale.
Remediation start: June 1991.
Expected completion date: 1996.
Incurred cost SIM.
Expected cost: SIM.
Operational full scale.
Remediation start: June 1991.
Remediation expected
completion: 1993. Incurred cost:
S750K. Expected cost S500K.
Pilot scale since mid-1989. Pilot
scale expected completion:
December 1992.
Operational: full scale. Start
February 1991. Expected
completion: February 1992.
Predesign.
Predesign. Remedial
investigation/feasibility study.
Remediation expected start:
1993.
Predesign: laboratory scale.
Treatability study report being
reviewed.
Predesign: pilot tcafe Since 1987.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
VC, TCE, DCE: drinking
water standards
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not yet established
Ground water: 2-
butanone, 350 ppb; 2-
hexanone, 50 ppb
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not jet established
TREATMENT
In situ bioremediation: VC, TCE,
DCE. Other technologies:
vacuum extraction, chemical
treatment
In situ bioremediation. Other
technologies: vacuum extinction.
In situ bioremediation: capped
sediments; natural and enhanced
biodegradation in enclosed
structure. Contained treatment
facility with posslfy aerobic and
anaerobic conditions. Other
technologies: chemical extraction
and treatment, thermal
desorption, sediment capping.
Soil; id situ bioremediation.
passive natural bionmedklib*.
100% of life »«det treatment.
Pump and treat, air
stripping/carbon adsorption
treatment with added
microorganisms and nutrients.
100% of site considered for
bioremediation.
Undetermined
Ground water activated sludge.
Sol in situ bbroedialion. Other
technologies: GAC.
Ground water: fixed film biomass
whh contjauoui Dow reactor,
aerobic growth conditions,
indigenous organisms.
PROBLEMS
None
None
Delays in pilot study due
to additional bench-scale
tests to determine how to II
enhance the pilot study. II
An excess of isomen.
None II
None
None
Low winter temperatures
i
to
•Indicates a new she.
"Indicates the site has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAshe.
-------
APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
V
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
SITE?
LOC&TIOW/
LEAD
West K&L Avenue Lsadfill**
Kaiama?.c«, MI
CERCLA Enforcttneat Lead
Atchmsoa
Sauta Fe, KM
CERCLA Enforcement Lend
French Limited
Crosby, TX
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Hudson Refining Company
dishing. OK
RCRA Lend (Federal)
North Cavalcade SI."
Houston. TX
CERCLA Stale Lead
Old Inger"
Darrow, LA
CERCLA Slate Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Das Cozza
(312) 885-7252
Swsais Webster
(214) 655-6730
(FTS) 255-4730
Judy Black
(214) 655-6735
(FTS) 635-6735
Keith Phillips
(214)655-6480
(FTS) 255-6*80
Brent Troskowslti
(214) 655-6480
(FTS) 255-6480
Deborah Griswold
Larry Wright
(214) 655-6715
(FTS) 255-6715
Louis Rogers
(512) 463-8188
Paul Sieminski
(214) 655-4SI10
(FTS) 255-6710
Sandra Greenwich
(504) 765-0487
j MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Gtoaad witer: (ojgasies)
aceiose, Ixmese, vinyl
eMsride, tolwesie, sylese, tress-
1,1-DCE, etfcylbenzeze, 1,1-
dicitlGre^hsie, 1,2-
dichloroetisese
Soil/shid|e: hydrocarbon,
diesel Voltime: 23fCcu.)d.
Sludges: organks, metals, PCBs
Soil/ground water: oil, grease,
hydrocarbons, PAHs, benzene.
Volume; 145,509 oi; yi
Ground water: carcinogenic
PAHs, benzene.
Sofl: creosote, carcinogenic
PAHs.
Volume (soB): 5,500 cu. yd.
above 10 ft
Soil/sludge: petroleum,
hydrocarbons.
Volume (sludge): 600 K gallons.
Volume (soil): 200K cu. yd.
STATUS
IB design: October 1991.
Ejected isstallsSibs: 1993.
Expscted op«r&tbsal stast date:
1^4. Consent dect©e still Ijefaig
worked oiit Ejected osst:
$2.2M.
Sasiaiktiog oo«apk!e-d:
November 1991, Remediation
espeded sisst Aprl 1992. PBo*
srak. Ejpected costs: $3M.
Imstall^tioe. ReEnedbHou
expected start: February 1992.
Remediation expected
cosipletiori: February 1996.
Esqjected cost: $81 M.
Operational: full scale since
Apt! 1988.
In design: pilot scale since March
1991. Remediation expected
start October 1993. Expected
completion: September 1996.
Expected cost S3.2M.
Installation: full scale.
Remediation expected start:
April 1992. Remediation
expected completion: 1997 to
1999. Supplemental ground
water RI being conducted.
Construction ol land treatment
unit complete. Waste
application expected Spring 1992,
following award of contract
Incurred costs: S5.4M.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Asetoae «»jip!k=ation of nutrients tad
monthly tilUjig; (2) enhanced:
annual applkattoa of Butrienti
and no lilling; (3) augmented; no
addition of nutrients or tiBing.
Land treatment, composting:
PAHs in soil, aerobic conditions,
indigenous organisms. Other
technologies: pump and treat with
carbon adsorption of ground
water. 100% of sae under
bioremediaiion.
Solid-phase bioremediation.
Other technologies: GAC 70% of
site under bloremediatioB.
PROBLEMS
Treataasrt of vinyl
dsloFlilc, ^ssdliag ®f
watej sftes: teesfeieat, EC
POTT?/ (fisssibfe with
issfislktfesi of 3 ?mles of
sewes' line), wo suriisce
wsSefc discharge svtifeble,
see4 lo ?ejs|eci
High dabside coated is
soil sstd sludges.
None
Lack of microorganisms;
stale oider failed to
specify deassp kveb,
recontaiEia»tion it ucurby
refinery.
Winter raifi has
significantly slowed the
pilot study.
None
'Indicates a sew srje.
••Indicates the site h«« been updated or includes new information
Shading indicates * aon-CERCLAnte.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
VI
':|x|;;
"xxxx y " . -- :;x ::",;.xx :'x . x C" :- : : • : x;:-': '''?£
x ix?::-:^"'V:V':x: \xJx-, xx.:' i'l/X'-x;:.;
v.;:S::M:?':-:xS>:i:fx;;;A---:;:..:;i?:^-;r^:
Conservation Chemical
Kansas €%, MO
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
FiirCeld Coal A Gas**
FairfieU. IA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
:' International Paper**-:; fi^-K.; v£-
iopSn. -MO.; ,:>';M >':;x >S ;" ' ; ./F
ilBllSir If Ilill
llilSlin
Illiil lllfilltl;
lllllll llllllil !
111111
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Ruth Izraeli
(214) 655-6735
(FTS) 255-6735
::;:FranklDoB)mx:'.;x,Vx
Steve Auchtertoue
(913) 551-7778
(FTS) 276-7778
Steven Jones
(913) 551-7755
(FTS) 276-7755
Jobanshir Gotchin
(515) 281-8925
:BoD.iStewarii:':;\:::: "x
:;^i|:^|i7|54\;x:; '*:••
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Soit/shidge^urface water:
benzene, toluene, ethyl
benzene, phenol PCBs
''•. Soil/sKidge: K049, K050, K051 , :
melab. Voaiaw: 137K cu. yd at
.:',"-" .'. . ::~ .-: , ••;- . : •" -. .•' • .':•- ' ': .-.' "• . ' .':"•'•
Ground water: phtnok, VOCs,
semivolatiks. Vohime: 150-200
gpm for approx. 30 years.
Ground water/soil: PAIis,
BTEX, benzene
\
Sofl: 24 orgaafc coMtiroentt ; x. x;;
from creosotei iochiding PAIb,
'S.
STATUS
In design. Pilot study completed;
report due April 1992.
Preliminary findings are hopeful
Remediation expected start:
1993. Remediation expected
completion: 1996. Ejected cost:
J28M.
V • llj^llifM^I x;l§ : $$£. Jx
Oper»tioMt full scale.
Remediation started: April 1990.
Incurred costs: SI 10K.
Operational: pilot scale since
January 1992. Expected cost for
construction: J149K. Additional
SUM if fuUy implemented.
sale. Remedatian eiq>ected
t'iiiiii*' linej^CiR^aeaatfcw-l::?;
::Bxpl**W ii^;:$fc^.l:;:Ssg!xi:.i«?s
WXf^-f}fKM<^^>yKfm-X
^IllPlillll^Illilpwillll:
|j
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Soil^hidge/iur&ce watex:
PCBs, 25 ppm (PCBs as
an indicator of other
organ ics)
- .<*^Sx::xx#;x<;x:::;xx:i:; x ::;|::;: .x x:;
Missouri drinking water
standards
Ground water: benzene,
1 ppb; carcinogenic
PAH*, 0.2 ppb. Soil
benzene, 241 ppm;
PAHs,500pp«i:
earcuwgenic PAHs, 100
ppm.
IllilllliiSliii^ll
KlllllSlliilllll
TREATMENT
Shiny-phase bioremediation:
aqueous binreactor. Other
technologies: jubifization of
residues.
bioi^ntedatt^n: »ek><4in« oxyiea
tnidsfer. Step* are beag
taken to control saoistttre
!^;i|^py!^:;;|::;:ll
iliclrliiiKlitii^iiiP
•Indicates a new site.
"Ittdkatci the she aaj been updated or includes new iaformilion. Shading indicates a non-CERCLAsite,
BlomiMdlation In the Field
-------
N>
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REX:
vir
VII
VII
VIII
VIU
VIU
vm
vra
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
Park City
KA
State Lead
Scott Lumber**
Alton, MO
CERCLA Fund Lead
Vogel Paint & Wax"
Maurice, IA
CERCLA State Lead
Burlington Northern**
Somers, MT
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Burlington Northern*
Gtendive, MT
Water Quality Bureau
Conoco Landfarm*
Billings, MT
RCRA Lead (Stale)
Exxon Landiarm*
Billings, MT
RCRA Lead (State)
HOIAF8*
00
Federal PacUirj
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
John Wibon
(405) 332-8800
(FTS) 743-2011
Lonnie Kennedy
(4«S) 332-8800
Bruce Morrison
(913) 551-3000
(ITS) 276-3881
Steven Jones
(913) 551-7755
(FTS) 276-7755
Bob Drustrup
(515) 281-8900
Jim Harris
(406) 449-5414
(FTS) 585-5414
Terry Webster
{406) 444-2406
Mark Hall
(406)444-4096
Mark Hall
(406)444-4096
Robert Stiles
(SW)»4-J.W
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Ground water benzene, BTEX.
Volume; 700Kcli.lt.
contaminated aquifer (actual
volume will be larger).
Soil: creosote compounds
(PAHs, benzo-a-pyrene).
Volume: 15,900 tons.
Soil: BTEX MEK, organic
hydrocarbons, teachable
organics. Volume: 10K cu. yd.
Soil: PAHs, zinc, phenol
Ground water: PAHs. Volume
(soil): solid-phase: 12Kcu. yd.;
in situ: 70K cu. yd.
Soil: creosote, BTEX.
petroleum, solvents
Soil/sludge: BTEX K05), K048
(metab, organics).
Soil/sludge: BTEX, K049,
K050, K051 (metab, organics).
Soft JP4 jet fuel.
STATUS
Installation: since September
1991. Full scale. Remediation
expected start Jan.-Feb. 1992.
Remediation expected
completion; February 1SS3.
Incurred cost J275K. Expected
cost; J650K,
Completed: full scale.
Remediation start: June 1990.
Completed: December 1991.
Cost: S1.3M.
Operational: full scale since
October 1991.
Cost: $2M.
In design: 3Q/92. Expected
installation: 1Q/93. Expected
operational: 1Q/93. Pilot scale.
Expected start 3Q/92. Expected
oompktion: 5-10 years from
start Expected cost: SUM.
Operational: full scale.
Remediation start: 1991.
Operational full scale.
Remediation start: 1973.
Expected completion: 2010.
Operational: full scale.
Remediation start 1980.
Expected completion: 2013.
Operational: full scale.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Oround water: benzene,
5 ^gft- BTEX drinking
water standards
500 ppm, total PAHs; 14
ppm benzo-a-pyreae
Soil: organic hydro-
carbons, 100 mg/kg;
leachable organics, TCLP
test
Soil: PAHs, 36 mg/kg.
Ground water
carcinogenic PAHs, 0.030
crA-
Softdiescl, 100 ppm
Metals: <1,000 ppm
Organics: sfci sou flushing:
denitruKatkm ofBTEX- possjbk-
htoveftfng, .
Solid-phase bioremediation. 75%
of she was bioremediated.
Solid-phase (land treatment),
aerobic conditions, exogenous
organisms. Other technologies:
air stripping of contaminated
ground water.
Soil: solid-phase bioremediatioii.
aerobic conditions, indigenous
organisms. Sediment and ground
water in shu bioremediation.
Other technologies: in situ sofl
flushing. 80% of site under
bioremediation.
Ex shu land treatment, aerobic
growth conditions, indigenous
organisms: active tillage, moisture
and nutrient control; seasonal
monitoring of contaminants.
Monitoring below treatment lone
I/yew for leaching.'
Ex situ land treatment by aerobic
microbtal decomposition,
indigenous organisms. Other
technologies: chemical
adsorption, km exchange,
precipitation.
Ex situ land treatment by aerobic
micrpbttl decomposition.
indigenous organisms. Other
techaologiet: chemical
adsorption, Jo« exchange,
precipitation.
Bioventing. 100% of site wider
remediation,
PROBLEMS
Delays due to site serving
as a test case for new
Kansas environmental
regulations.
None
Volatilization controVair
monitoring being
evaluated.
Pilot-scale field activities
have been initiated
because of low soil
tiansmisivities.
None
None
None
None
3-
I
"Indicates a new site.
••Indicates the she has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAshe.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
vin
VII!
vin
vm
vm
vra
SITE?
LOCATION/
LEAD
Idaho Pole Company'
Bozeman, MT
CERCLA Slate Lead
Jofiet Weed Control* ;;:;:; :t: : : .
^its:^i^^:^?i;iii;B
: idj^pJ^Ji^i^pl^i^iS.;^ .;:
. ii:"'.:- i::; iiiiS: : W s:i:?S;i 'iff y_ .§: .:'-.;:.> 5 ••>: •
:j. ' • Jo Z?3s •:,:• .f^K-iS ^ r": -.;.•: gW:*i '. :•- :
' "•; : ^ : ; >€ ;: vK';-£ilsA: il £S>3 ]?JX -
Ltiby Ground-Water Site**
Lisby, MT
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Montana Pole*
MT
CERCLA Federal Lead
Montana Rail Link*
East Helena, MT
Writr Quality Burean
Monlasm Rail Link*
MiSKwU, MT
Water Qua |j(y Bureau
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Jim Harris
(406) 449-5414
Janfe Stiles
(406) 449-4067
Kevin Kir Icy
(406) 449-4067
SCarolFb*::; ;••:.;:"¥.;:.
:;;i4^:.*»jOT:^.;lf::
l-"::> :./•!. ::;•'• -""'I^Y '-;•>. ;i~ ::"
'-. "•: •' • "'"'"'" •. -:'" '•- • - :~ " ' •
Jim Harris
(406) 449-5414
(FTS) 585-5414
Bran Aatemottl
(406) 449-4067
Teriy Webster
(406) 444-2406
Terry Weteter
{406)444-2406
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Sofl&edtsietits'gro!iti4 water
PCF. PAMs, dHndns/furaiu.
Sofl: pestiadcs; 2,0-t; 2,4-d; • ;.::.
idjid^iieiiM:^^,^®?:?
^^i^^^^^i
^•/-•/v^U^jm^W^'A'
'V< £ % ."i; : • . ": . - < f. "-. 'ff^ff .-..:-:f •.
Soil/gronnd water. PAHi, PCF*.
Volume (sol): 45K cu. yd
Soil: PCP, PAHs, dwMifuraiB
Sol: creosote, BTEX.
pcrtokum, toVents
Soil: cteosote, BTEX,
pclrokum, tctveals
STATUS
Ptedesign: since September 1991.
Remediation expected start:
1993.
Fred esign; laboratory and pilot
:?:!^:li*^teiPii;:Kif
;:;::^ii^;^rf:|ipjp:S;i||;|i
Eipectcd rtnipfclion: Jarjuary
^li^l^^^^^^^^S
s j*t Si|sei;-S¥??ji;s:s?;?;SK •?.:•;" ;?¥-"•••'
OperatioKil: liiU scale. Land
treatment unit since May 1991.
Phase I and bbreactor br upper
aquifer ground water: since
October 1991. Installed: tolid-
pbase nail ceH #1. Incsrred
co«t:$4M.
Predesign. RI/FS IB propess.
ROD ofeded in Marck 1993.
Negotiations with PRPs expected
in August or September 1993.
Operational Remediation
expected start May 1992,
Operational RcmediMioa
elpected start: May 1992.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Not yet established
|^:MM«|f|!^:|g|;:
i^t^^jH^iafl^il™^?!^
•^S%?^?'-ti?^l:^i>*s::l-:Mi
Son: 8S mt/kg, total
cardnogeok PAHs; 8
ppm, non-oircinojenic
PAHs; 73 ppm. pyrene;
37 ng/kg, PCP; 1 pph,
dioon; 8 aigtg.
napklnalem; 7J me/kg,
pyrene. Graiind water:
400 iif/L, carcinogenic
PAHs; 40 «g/L, nou-
carcinogenic PAHs; 1.05
mt/L PCP; 5 mg/L,
benzene; 50 m§^U
anenk; othet
compounds, not greater
Ih.n 10'.
Not yet establnied
Soil; diesel 100 ppm
Soft petroleum. 100 ppm
TREATMENT
Sol: ex ita bud treatment and ia
situ so3 with Gxed Dim bioroasi
and tkirry reactor. Ground
waster: is situ microbtal treatmeat.
Trettmcnt ool yet determined. .
S-1 J-:4-:'Bi-: »SJS?: Jsillffil&ll*:;.;
Soil: solid-phase bioremediatioa.
Ground water: in situ
bioremediatioB and aerobic
attached growth process (Gxed
Clm reactor).
TreatmeM not yet determined.
Ex situ land treatment with
indigenous organisms. Ac&e
land tillage, arotrt»re arid ntttnest
control seasonal moiufomg for
leacmaie below treatment rooe.
fit sjtu land trettmeat vita
indigedotts organisios. Lind
tpage, nsofalure and rmtrienl
control, *eaio**| awaitoriig tot
fcaciaie below treatment Zoae.
PROBLEMS
Presence of
dionns/rurans.
Lengthy contiactbj ; -c- •:_
: ;pi^f :r:ill:,|;::::" j|:i;:s ;
'•>:•; "; *>x>:-:::: ::; ':•:•:•'•;•:-; •;o::;:::::;:::::,:,':''- -V,'':.:::-::-::::::
; ; ,,;.;.;.;.;.;•:•:•;> >•...;.;. v .;.». .;.;.;. ;•'•, .'./:•;• ;•/.- •:•;•'•
OiE-waler tcparition ui
bioretctor. Pyre IK
degradation rates ill land
treatment units for soik.
Pr«cnoe ol
dioaas^ifsift.
None
None
*lBdk*fe$ * new site,
••ladkates the the h*i been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates • non-CERCLAsite.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cent.)
REG
vin
VIH
DC
IX
DC
DC
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
PabKc Service"
Denver, CO
. UST Lead (Stale)
Union Padfe
La ramie, WY
RCRA Lead (Federal)
BKKLandffl
WestCovina. CA
RCRAL*ad(Beaerai)
CAL TRANS
Lakeport A GarbcrviUe,
CA
UST Lend (State)
Citrus Heights Irrigation
Citnu Heighta, CA
USTtead (State)
Co averse /Montabello
Corp. Yard
MontabeUo, CA
UST tx»d (State)
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Suzanne Stevenson
(303) 293-1M1
(FTS) 330-1511
UsaV/eer
($03) »M$3fr
Felh Fkdnt
(303) 293-1524
Carmen Santos
(415) 744-2037
(FTS) 4*4-2037
Nancy Lindsay
(415) 744-203S
(FTS) 484-2038
Glenn Heyman
(415) 744-2044
(FTS) 484-2044
Ken S market
(916) 322-3910
John Wesnousky
(916) 324-1807
Ken Smarkel
(916) 322-3910
John WesDou sky
(916) 324-1*07
Pant H»dley
(91«) 324-1807
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
SoiVgroBod water: pcCroleum,
Benzene, ^lene. lobiene.
Volume; 5,921,330 g»h per
ye»t.
SoO/grouad MteR creosote »nd
PAHs/PCP. Vobmc(»a):
750K cu, yd. Volume (owjjote
is tofl): «M gallom.
Giouiid water: cbmmhiiii, vii^l
ciloride, didiloranetkane,
chloroform, 1-2
dicbloropropane, carbon
Itlrjchloride, TCE, benzene^
pbtnol, toluene, cyinide, heavy
netab (areenic, cadmhin, lead,
mercury)
Soil: oil (petroleum
bydrocarboiE). Volume: 70 en.
yd.
Soib diesel fuel (petroleum
%4tocarbons)
Sol: gasoline, d'rejel
STATUS
OptnUJonat full «cale.
Remediation start line 1989,
Expected completion: 1992.
JiwrowlwseSSOdjC
Ptede$%B. Feasihahy srudyt
' 1985-Inne 1992. Pilot rale
completed: September 1990.
Recovery of dense noilaqueoiii
phase liquids start Fall 1991.
Ejected completiDB: 19^5.
loomed costs $50M. Ecpected
eoKsrStODM,
Operatiosal: feu scale since
19$7> lateriai temedial study in
progress.
Completed: full scale,
Remediation start: November
1988, Remediation completed:
January 1989.
Completed: full idle.
RetncdiatioB start May 1989.
Remediation completed: August
1989.
IB design since January 1991.
Pilot flak.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Not yet established, rbk
•sscffintenl bated
Notyel«t»blkhtd
Notyel established
OB (petroleum
hydrocarbons), 100 ppn
Petroleum IjydVocarbofi*,
100 ppm
Not yet ettabbkexr
TREATMENT
I* «rte bnremtdktkiii, combiaed
bioprooeat: nntoent galfcty ' . '
rejnjeeliovptunp recovery welt
Otier ieck»ologi««; «fcfmietl
«*«*Bh«;.:f' ": •-: '":" :. ' . _'.::
Soit tolid-phate tad in siw
bwremedaitioa; ooaiidering : :'
jfeny-pbate bibrt mediation.
around water: aerobic tnactat
gmMk procei* (fixed firm
reactor) aad tequeocing batch
reactor, posd bottoms. Other
tedbnologjes beiog considered;
chemical extraction, is situ soS
fhishkft, cott washing, chemical
treatment, thermal desorptlon.
»*of»»e«odtr
bk>re»ediatiott.
Slurry-phase bio re mediation;
trealmcat plaal wita PACT
system, which combines aetrvaU'd
ylidgD xwl cnrbon xdsorptio*.
Other technologies: metal
removal system using -
compteatioi «ittt EtTTA,
chemiol treauneot, chlorirutioii.
Sofid-phtse bioremediatioa
Soid-pkase enremedolios
I* «ir« bioretnedktioo. Lew than
10% ol site is under
|)i6lCSKt Jot review, along
whk an applicatioi tor
dowre.
Fluid delivery awl
therefore vtoremefuBtiofe
b not uniform.
Tried to delbt efikicnt fat
besefjcial reuse. Other
aftenatives being
evaluated.
Degradation ale is
dependent npoi the pile's
porosity, water content,
type of, waste. (o3, and
bacterial ooasortium.
None
None
5;
31
•Indicatei a new site.
"ladicato the site has been updated or includes new information.
Shading indicates n non-CERCLAsite.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
STATUS
CLEANUP
LEVELS
TREATMENT
PROBLEMS
1990. Remediation
pi:;|p|i™:iS|ii|lis;
.
formSfationia.nectKifcach.ti
FonJiefcService Sta lion :>
': Soil/pound water, total i
Completed. Remediation start
Soik total petroleum
In irru bioremediatkin: do»ed
IX
Foit Oni Army Base
Monterey, CA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
John CkettBUtt
(415) 144-2387
Vance Fbng
(415) 744-2392
Soil: fael liy4rocafboBs
Instaliatioii: ptk>t scale,
Remediation expected
coirylelion; FY 1993.
Sot lot yet established.
Ground water: MCLs.
Solld-pbase bioreioedatioB (or
MEK. Other technolojje»: pnmp
and treat, carbon adsorption
treatment
None
DC
Growers Air
Service/University of CA
D**, Medlock B*U
Woodland, CA
TSCA Lrtd (Slate)
John Wesnousky
(916) 322-2543
Job MtBke
(916) 324-3T73
Soil (pesticides); straiine,
dacAO. thiidme 142, DDT.
tkbdine ratf«te, trifluralio,
methyl p»nthk>n, mabthloa.
paratkna, toxapkene, IritkbB,
paroxoa, j
ethion.
Compkied: October 1988.
Report aviihbk,
Not yet established
In jint solid-phase bioremediatkm
None
DC
HannoaFkH
Tukiare County, CA
CERCLA State Lead
Tosy Luaa
(916) 3224872
Soil: 10
pesticides
Pilot project completed.
Evaluating field study remits.
Not yet established
SoEd-phase bioremediatiOD.
Pilot-scale tests o« 13, 5-gaBon
bueken ot soil
None
DC
Ikrcuks Inoorporaltd
Hetoks, CA
CERCLA State Lead
Tony Luaa
(916) 322-4872
Soft TNT, DKT,
triaitrobeitzeiie* nitrofeeiizeite
Pilot project completed.
Evaluating field study results.
TNT, SOppwDNT.
nitrobenzene, 5 ppm
SolU-phase tjior
POot-ieak tests with 1 a. yd.
boxes of sofl.
None
•Indicates a new tile.
••Indicates the site has been updated or tachdes new iafoinmtion.
Soadiag indicatM * »on-CBRCLA«ilc.
I-
I
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOBEMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
IX
IX
IX
DC
SITE?
LOCATION/
LEAD
J.H. Barter"
Weed,CA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
JASCO
ML View, CA
CERCLA Fund Lead
Koppers Co. lac
Otvilie, CA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
Liquid Gold
Richmond, CA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Elizabeth Keicher
(415) 744-2361
(FTS) 484-2361
Jeff Rosenbloom
(415) 744-2362
(FTS) 375-484-2362
loan Reck
(707) J7S-2220
EdCugile
(916) 855-7858
Rose Marie Caraway
(413) 744-2235
Fred Scbauffler
(415) 744-2365
(FTS) 484-2365
Ed CargOe
(916) 853-7858
Rose Marie Caraway
(415) 744-2235
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Soy/ground water: benzene,
PCP, PAHs. Volume: organic
sods 12,500 cu. yd.; mixed
organic/inorganic, 9,375 eu, yd.
.Soil/ground water; VOCs
Soil/ground water: arsenic.
chromium. PCDD/PCDF,
PAHs. PCPs. Volume (soil):
llOKcu. yd.
Soil/ground water: waste oik.
metals (lead, zinc), phenol
STATUS
Predet ign: pilot scale, expected
March 1992. Expected
installation: September 1993.
Pilot sole. Remediation
expected start: September 1993.
Expected completion: September
1995. Expected COM: SUM.
Predesign. TrealabiEly study
being conducted while FS is on
hold. Final FS will be produced
toflowieg Gnat Ireatabijity study.
Laboratory scale. Lab treatment
study cost: S30K.
Predesigrc pilot scale.
Remediation expected stare Fall
1992. Expected completion: May
1994, Demonstration, Phase 1,
remediation expected
completion: Spring 1994.
Remediation. Phase 2, ongoing
(or 10+ years. Consent decree
expected [or RD/RA.
Treatabilily studies to be done
early 1992. Expected cost
S12.2M.
Predesign. Site if in preliminary
stages of considering
MoK«edht»* technology; no
decisions have beta made and
start o( • treatabUrty itudy is not
pawned
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Soil (mg/kg): arsenic, 8:
chromium, 8; PCP, 17;
carcinogenic PAHs, 0.51;
dionn, 0.001; ftuans,
0,001, Sediments
(mg/kg): arsenic, 8;
chromium, 18; zinc, 26;
carcinogenic PAHs, 0.5;
PCP, 1; TCP, 1.
Leachate (nrf/L): arsenic.
5; chromium, 5; PCP,
1.7; carhtogenic PAHs,
0.005; non-carcinogenic
PAHs, 0.15; drain.
0.001. Ground water
(fig/L): arsenic, 5;
chromhini, 8; benzene, 1;
PCP, 2.2; PAHs, 5;
dtoxin, 2.5 X 10 '.
Not yet established
SoQ: arsenic and
chromium, background
kvc b; PAHs, 0.19 ng/kg;
PCP, 17 mg/kg; diorins.
30 ppt Ground water:
arsenk and chmmrom.
background levels;
PAHs, 0.007 j,g/U PCP,
23 jtg/L; dioxias, 033
PM-
Not yel established
TREATMENT
Soil: Iked prepared bed
biological unit. Ground waief:
fixed 01ns bioreactor. Aerobic
conditions, indigenous organisms.
Appro*. 33% of sol under
bbremedtation; 100% of ground
water.
Sol/ground water: jobd-phase, in
situ bioremediation. Composting
technologies being evaluated in
irritability study. 75% ot site k
under bioremediation.
In situ bioremedktkn, aerobic
conditions, indigenous organisms.
Other technologies: soil washing.
fjXBtion of metal contaminated
soil, ground-water pump and
treat, and carbon adsorption
treatment 30% of site under
bioremediation.
Not yet established
PROBLEMS
None
None
None
Metals contamination oa
lite
5-
I
•Indicates a new site.
••lodkates the tile has been updated or includes new ialormatk>».
Shading indkales a non-CERCLAjhe.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
SITG
tocaiotv
LEAD
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
STATUS
CLEANUP
LEVELS
TREATMENT
PROBLEMS
DC
Marine Corps Air/Grougd
Combmt Center
Twenty-Nine Palm* CA
CERCLA Fund Lead
Rosalind
(619) 346-7491
Soil- j:i fuel, gasoline, diesel
fuel, tnosniissioii Quid, aviation
fluid
Design compfeled Navy
nibmitted final report to
Department of Tone Substance*
Control Navy classified sal as
nonhazardou watte »nd planned
full-icale abovefround
bio re mediation.
Not yet established
Abovegrouod bioremediatioa
system over • liner witk ktchnte
coHection and induced air
infiltration system.
None
-'Middle Mount.m Sil^W
Oitenlet County. ^-Hl
'':;
RnbwtVUndtl
<%y^;M$^iiMf';?:ffM
p|s«|^f|||p||||H|::,:;::'
DC
Montrow Cbemioil Corp of
California
Tomnee, CA
CERCLA Enforaement Lead
Nancy Woo
(41S) 744-2394
SoS: DDT, monodblorobenzene
Predes^n: pilot scale.
TrcmtabiHty irudy ooaipleted.
CoBsiderkg pilot icafe test.
feisbiity study.
Not yet established
In shii biorenedBtion: land
treatment; cxjnridering white rot
Angus treatment.
KeaSmarkel
- UST L*»d (State)
Soil diesel Inel (petrokum :
Vokime: 700
John WMBOU iky
(911^.324-1*07 •...
Compkttd; hill itafc..:. %•-. •£.; W|
Remediation Jlart AogMt 19*8;
• Solid-phase bioremedialioa.
The ooBtrol «U whict
?|sa ,ie)l.^ii:i^(6: *^?:- V -;.'' :. :
a«trie.« wpplemen*
biaiai, or the
beoefil OtvijbroU ;'•
acntmi. Memed at
enectve In redudn; the /
«atamin»nt Iwtl a« Ibe
"PC.,
.
RCRA Lead (Federtt)
Gfcnd Hcymio
::j[«j):744-2g44 ::;j
(FrSj«4-2044
Soil; toluene, PCE, xyfcae,
MEK, yC. acetone. Ground
water: aoetotte, tXE,'ioitie'iiiey\
: Predejign. Trtatability studiec ff
Not vet published
'•^<*i
etbytene chloride.
"I*^""'""""'"*''
Soil; in tittt bioreinediilkja
{•ikier c
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
ilixj;:
-/::::S%:
IX
IX
IX
X
X
X
SITS
LOCATION/
LEAD
vjS^S.Sbferet^ci*;:^:;:;;!*.::;-;;:;;/?:,
:;;p^*;|*^p!«.:p|llPlS|lllll«
:-x:: ": -' .•:•' •*'':>'-o:A::-:- ^:-'V:': x'v: l:^^*:^.^
Operational since January 1991.
Pud scale. Remediation
expected completion: 2001.
Incurred cost: S399K. Expected
costtSMK.
Predes^n: RI/FS airtentry u
progress.
FuH scale bioremedblion system
completed: January 1991, Cost:
S310K.
PredestgB. Expected conplelion
of (easiMlily studies: Oclabe*
1992.
In design. Installation expected:
June 1992. Remediation
expected s&rt: lane 1992.
Remediation expected
completion: June 1993. Cost
incurred: $75K Expected cost
I200IC
One lite area completed October
1991; toe other completed
January 1992.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
JfSpili^K^dipSiBslJB;
|B!^lW:^MIllPi
Ground water (pg/L):
1.2-DEC, 5; cis-l,2-DEC,
(,; tnns-l,2-DCE, 10-,
ettrybeazene. 400; 1.1.1-
TCA. 200j Freoa 113,
1200; benzene, 0.7;
acetone, 400.0; 1,1-DEC,
1.0; naphtkakne, 2000
Not yet estabfched
Soik hydrocarbons, diesel
fuel, 5000 mglig
Not yet established
Soil: diescl 100 ppm
So iL PAHl, 50 ppb
TREATMENT
;;^^:|»:^j^^|i|||||::||:J
Fixed film reactor. Otter
technologies: vacuum extraction;
steam ealtaDcement of vacuum
extraction.
Not yet established; cossideraig
bioremediatiotL
Solid-phase bioremediatioii.
Not yet established
In situ bioremediatiOB; bicAVBtini;
whh monitoring ofsmuttne. Op,,
and nilnlei. 50% of srtr andet
bioremedia tioii.
Soil: io sin bioremedialion.
Alternative cap. Other
technokigies: pump and treat for
gronod water. Appro*. 33* of
site irader liioreinedjaiios.
PROBLEMS
Permitting
None
None
None
Winter weather
No rrfeteact to
vofatifizalkjn, leaching,
dib lion of conlammantt.
No anoairoriag of groand-
water addition, mixng,
and dryag. Preliminaiy
tests were deteimincd to
pC ttBSBC43tS$lltl
•Indicates a new iHe.
••Indicates the site has been updated or incradci new information.
Shadbg indicates « non-CERCLA»«e.
-------
FIELD APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION (cont.)
REG
X
SITE/
LOCATION/
LEAD
Wyckoft Eagle Harbor
Pugel Sound, WA
CERCLA Enforcement Lead
CONTACT/
PHONE
NUMBER
Rene ftientes
(206) 553-1599
(FTS) 399-1599
Lori Cohen
(206) 553-6523
(FTS) 399-6523
MEDIA/
CONTAMINANT
Soil/ground water/surface water:
creosote, PCPs.
STATUS
Operational: full scale started
January 1990.
CLEANUP
LEVELS
Not yet established
TREATMENT
Slutry-p hue bio re mediation:
bioreactor-activated shidge for
treatment of ground water;
aerobic attached growth process
in series with aeration tank,
clarifier, and biological sludge
digestor; possible soil and shidge
bioremediation.
PROBLEMS
Insufficient data resulted
from plant operation to
determine ability of plant
to increase its treatment
rates. Total plant
treatment rate (including
carbon filters) ranges
from 0-60 gpm. Some
problems with biomass
dying due to
pentachlorophenol spikes.
GLOSSARY OF BIOREMEDIATION TERMS
Growth Conditions
Aerobic—In the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic—In the absence of oxygen.
Source of Microorganisms
Indigenous—Occurring naturally at a site.
Exogenous—Not native to a site.
Treatment
Aerated Lagoon—The biomass is kept suspended in liquid with aeration.
Activated Sludge—The biomass is suspended in liquid, captured in a clarifier, and
recycled to the reactor; the contact time between the waste and the biomass is
controlled by wasting excess biomass.
Bioventing—Air is injected into contaminated soil at rates low enough to increase soil
oxygen concentrations and stimulate indigenous microbial activity.
Extended Aeration—The biomass is suspended in liquid, captured in the clarifier, and
recycled to the reactor; a long contact time is created by enlarging the aeration basin.
Contact Stabilization—The waste contacts the biomass suspended in liquid in the first
aeration tank and contaminants are adsorbed to the clarified biomass; then they are
digested in the second aeration tank.
Fixed Film—Biomass is retained in the system by using a static support media.
Fluidized Bed—Bacteria, is attached to a support media, which is fluidized in the reactor.
In Situ Soil, Ground Water, or Sediments—Biodegradable contaminants are treated by
microorganisms within the environment in which they are found. Most commonly, this
process utilizes aerobic processes and involves delivery of oxygen or other electron
acceptors and other appropriate amendments.
Land Treatment—Contaminants are treated with microorganisms typically indigenous to
the existing soil matrix; nutrients, moisture, and oxygen can be added to optimize
growth conditions; clean soil is left on site.
Sequencing Batch Reactor—This self-contained treatment system incorporates
equalization, aeration, and clarification using a draw and fill approach on wastewater
sludges.
Slurry Reactor—Contaminants are treated in a soil slurry (a thin mixture of soil and
water) with nutrients and oxygen added as needed; water and soil must be separated
after treatment, but clean soil is left on site.
•Indicates a new site.
••Indicates the she has been updated or includes new information.
I
3-
Shading indicates a non-CERCLAsite.
-------
a
Bioremediation In the Field
BAG Discusses Mission,
Accomplishments, and Goals at
February Meeting
(Continual from page 4)
Tests are currently under way to evaluate 10
commercial products.
• The establishment of a Bioremediation
Products Evaluation Center (BPBC) by
NETAC. The Center will be active in future
validation of protocols and in commercial
product testing.
Other topics covered included educational needs,
the use of bioremediation in tandem with other
technologies, pollution prevention, the status of
regulations relevant to bioremediation, an update
on the Bioremediation Field Initiative, and new
directions for the BAG
To receive a summary of the meeting, contact Tom
Baugh at 202-260-7448; by telefax at 202-260-3861;
or by mail at US. EPA, RD-681,401 M Street SW.,
Washington, EC 20460.
ERL, Gulf Breeze, and EPRI Study
Bioremediation at
Mercury-Contaminated Sites
(Continued from page 2)
Treatments found to reduce the size of the CHaHg pool
in microcosm experiments will then be applied to field
enclosures to see if the results can be replicated in field
conditions. If possible, caged fish will be placed in the
enclosures to test if reduction in CHaHg concentration
in the water results in a corresponding decrease of
mercury accumulation by fish.
The most promising remedial strategy or strategies,
based on stimulation of CHaHg degradation and
Hg(II) reduction and subsequent volatilization, will be
tested in a contaminated freshwater pond (Reality
Lake, Oak Ridge, Tennessee). The proposed research
should allow us to assess the use of microbes to manage
the speciation of mercury, and thereby the bioac-
cumulation of CHsHg. Integrating the results of this
study into an EPRI biogeochemical model also will
allow a better understanding of mercury dynamics in
a variety of mercury-impacted ecosystems such as the
Florida Everglades, Onondaga Lake, and temperate
lakes in the north central United States and
Scandinavia.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati, OH
BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA PERMIT NO. G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/540/N-92/001
32
-------
BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
PB93-126175
Report Nos; EPA/540/N-92/001
Tit 1e; Bioremediation; An Information Update on Applying Bioremediation to Site
Cleanup.
Date; Mar 92
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Supplementary Notes; See also PB92-224708 and PB92-224807.
NTIS Field/Group Codes; 68C, 57K
Price; PC A03/MF A01
Availability; Available from the National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA. 22161
Number of Pages; 34p
Keywords; '''Biological treatment, '^Remedial action, *Waste management, ^Hazardous
materials, Microorganisms, Superfund, Pollution regulations, Performance
evaluation, Field tests, Biodeterioration, Information transfer, Tables(Data),
Aquifers, ^Cleanup operations, Toxic Substances Control Act, Innovative treatment
technologies, Remedial Project Managers, On-scene Coordinators, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
Abstract; The Bioremediation Field Initiative was established to provide the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State Project Managers, consulting
engineers, and industry with timely information regarding new developments in the
application of bioremediation at hazardous waste sites. The initiative provides
evaluation of the performance of selected full~scale field applications; provides
technical assistance to Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) and On~Scene Coordinators
(OSCs), through the Technical Support Centers; and is developing a data base on the
field applications of bioremediation, which is summarized in this bulletin.
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