U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH RELATED TO POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
FOR MATERIALS THAT EXHIBIT CHEMICAL TOXICITY
An Evaluation of Recent, Current, and Planned Efforts
April 10, 19SO
Science Advisory Board
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
EPA NOTICE
This report has been written as a part of the activities of
the Agency's Science Advisory Board, a public advisory group
providing extramural scientific information to the Administrator
and other officials of the Environmental Protection Agency. The
Board is structured to provide a balanced expert assessment of
scientific matters related to problems facing the Agency. This
report has not been reviewed for•approval by the Agency, and
hence its contents do not necessarily represent the views and
policies of the Environmental Protection Agency.
-------
FOREWORD
This report is an evaluation of the recent, current, and
planned efforts in EPA on research related to pollution control
technology for waste materials that exhibit chemical toxicity.
The study was undertaken by the Technology Assessment and
Pollution Control Committee (TAPCC) because the Committee
perceived that there may be inadequate research and development
in this area.
The report was reviewed by the Committee at its open
meeting in Washington, O.C. on March 5, 1980. Certain minor
corrections and changes were suggested and have been
incorporated into the report, The report was subsequently
approved by the full Committee*
A synopsis of this report was presented to the Executive
Committee of the Science Advisory Board on April 9, 1980 and
was received without any significant criticism. However,
clarification as to the intent of certain statements was
suggested and this clarification has been incorporated into
the text.
Respectfully submitted,
Raymond C. Loehr
Chairman
Technology Assessment and
Pollution Control Committee
Science Advisory Board
William N. McCarthy,
Acting Executive Secretary
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Paqe
Foreword i
Table of Contents ' ii
List of Tables iii
1.0 Executive Summary 1
2.0 Introduction 4
3,0 Objectives 5
4.0 Procedures for Carrying Out the Program
Evaluation 9
5.0 Evaluation of EPA Research for
Control of Toxics 10
5,1 Identify and Classify Toxics 10
5.2 Ecological and Health, Effects
of Toxics 12
5.3 Control Technology 12
5.4 Setting Regulations 13
5,5 The Anticipatory Research Center for
Advanced Control Technology 13
6,0 Conclusions and Recommendations 14
7.0 References IS
Appendix A - Examples of Toxics-control Research
in the Responsible EPA Laboratories 17
Appendix B - The Technology Assessment and
Pollution Control Committee (TAPCC) 20
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 Research Budgets for Solid and
Hazardous Wastes — Office of
Research and Development (ORD), EPA
EPA Research Topics in Toxics-
•control Technology
- 3.11 -
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH RELATED TO POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
FOR MATERIALS THAT EXHIBIT CHEMICAL TOXICITY
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is a result of a study undertaken by the
Technology Assessment and Pollution Control Committee (TAPCC) of
the Science Advisory Board, Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)t to evaluate the existence and adequacy of research
conducted by EPA related to control technology for the
management, treatment, and disposal of materials that exhibit
chemical toxicity. The study did not evaluate any private
sector or industry research and development efforts related to
toxics-control technology. This study was conducted during the
period March 1979 through November 1979,
In conducting its evaluation, TAPCC did not define
"materials that exhibit chemical toxicity" in any narrow, legal
interpretation. Rather, TAPCC interest was on toxic chemicals
that have the capability to produce illness, abnormalities, or
death in man or any organisms or their offspring. Henceforth,
in this report these materials will be referred to as "toxics."
The Committee considered EPA research related to control of
toxics in drinking water, industrial wastes, municipal
wastewater, solid wastes, and in the by-products of energy
extraction and combustion,
TAPCC did not attempt to rate individual research projects,
laboratory programs, or program office activities. Instead, the
Committee attempted to determine whether EPA research efforts on
this topic were sufficient to provide a sound scientific and
technological base for EPA's current and future regulatory
actions.
-------
TAPCC interest in this topic was prompted by a perception
that many senior individuals in EPA felt that currently
available technology was ready for widespread use and was
adequate for current and future regulatory needs. This feeling
is not shared by TAPCC members,
Based upon its discussions with individuals in various
EPA research and program offices and its review of various re-
ports, TAPCC coneludes that:
a) The current EPA research program on control of toxics
will not provide the sound technological base to meet
future programmatic and regulatory needs of the Agency;
b) There should be increased research expenditures on
control technology for toxics. For example, in the area
of hazardous wastes (Table I}/ there is a decreasirigly
small fraction (10.5% in PY '80 and 4,5% in FY '81) of
research expenditures planned for control technologies
other than incineration and land disposal. Furthermore,
incineration is the only technology that is planned to
receive a budget increase*
c) There is little long-term research on control
technology for toxics;
d) Research related to control technology of toxics has
not adequately considered the intermedia transfer of
toxics. For example, research on the removal of toxics
from wastewater normally does not address the concomitant
problem of the disposal of the sludge containing the trans-
ferred toxics.
Therefore, TAPCC recommends the following:
1. SPA should initiate efforts to identify and develop
technologies that can reduce effluent concentrations
- 2 -
-------
of toxics to the parts per billion (ppb) and parts
per trillion (ppt) range, so that such control
technology will be available when health and
ecological studies indicate the need for its
application.
2. The EPA research effort on the development of toxics
control technology should be parallel with, rather
than sequential to, the current EPA research effort
on identification of problems relating to toxics.
3* An integrated multi-media approach should be used in
the EPA research program for the control of toxics.
For example, in assessing control technologies, the
physical state of and ultimate sink for the toxics
should be considered and assessed. Control technology
that merely results in the intermedia transfer of
toxics and which does not accomplish or lead to
effective ultimate disposal should not receive a high
priority for EPA support.
4. Research emphasizing identification and containment
or elimination of toxics at their source of production
should be expanded to minimise the amounts of toxics
introduced into the environment.
5. EPA should broaden its research program to include
studies on the role played by raicro-particulate
matter suspended in aqueous streams* These micro-
particles may be toxic or adsorb toxics. These
studies should focus on the influence of micro-
particles on:
a) Transport, fate and toxicity of toxics
dissolved in the aqueous streams, and
b) the effectiveness of control technology
to remove toxics.
-------
6, Attempts to characterize "removability" and
"treatability" of toxics should be continued.
2.0 INTRODUCTION '
It has been estimated (Blair e^t al. , 1979) that each year,
U.S. industry must dispose of more than 35 million tons of
hazardous waste generated from diverse production processes. A
substantial fraction of these wastes are toxic. These toxic
solids, sludges, liquids, and gases may cause death or illness
or pose a substantial hazard to humans and the environment if
handled or disposed of improperly.
Several pieces of Federal Legislation, for example, the
Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA),
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA)/ gave EPA the responsibility for
controlling toxics. To support EPA's mandate to conduct
research related to such control, the Office of Research and
Development developed specific program goals. These include
a) identification and monitoring of disposal sites, b) character-
ization of hazardous wastes that are toxic, c) development of
toxic control techniques, and d) development of cleanup and
disposal technology. Six EPA laboratories have current
responsibility for such research. Three are concerned with
control technology development (the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratories (IBRLs) at Cincinnati, Ohio, and Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina; and the Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory (MSRL) at Cincinnati). Examples of .the
types of research undertaken by these laboratories are noted in
Appendix A.
The research budget for control of toxics is contained in
several EPA media areas, i.e./ Water Quality, Drinking Water,
Solid and Hazardous Wastes, and Energy. As an example, the
- 4
-------
four-year budget £or the Solid and Hazardous Wastes Research
program is listed in Table 1. A part of this budget is devoted
to the control of toxics. The budget sho^s that dollars
allocated to control technology development/ other than
incineration, have decreased,
Current EPA topics related to toxics^control technology,
brought to the attention of TAPCC, are listed in Table 2. The
topics are classified into the broad categories of chemical
alteration', concentration and separation, and other
control studies and technologies*
3,0 OBJECTIVES
This study was undertaken to evaluate the existence and
adequacy of research related to control technology for the
management, treatment, and disposal of toxics, The study was
carried out from March to November 1979,
The Committee's inquiry considered various Agency
activities and their relationships to research on technology
for controlling toxics,
TAPCC chose to use a broad, generic definition of toxics
rather than a narrow legalistic definition. In general, toxics
are those materials that exhibit chemical toxicity and have
the capability to produce illness, abnormalities or death in
man or any organisms and their offspring, The Committee
reviewed EPA toxics-control research activities related to
drinking water/ solid wastes, industrial wastes, municipal
wastewater, and by-products of energy extraction and combustion.
Control technology/ for the purposes of this study/ is
defined as the broad use of control devices and management
-------
TABLE 1
RESEARCH BUDGETS FOR SOLID AND HA2ASDOUS WASTES PROGRAM
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (ORD), EPA
Research Expenditures ($ Million)
Research Activity
Hazardous Waste Control
Technologies
Incineration Research
Land Disposal Research
Other Treatment Research
Quality Assurance a Monitoring
Emergency Response/Remedial
Action
Health Risk Assessment
High Volume/Industrial Waste
Characterization
Exploratory Research Center
Municipal Waste/Residue
Recovery/T&F
FT '782 PY '792 PY 'SO3
2.3
5.2
1,5
2.4 3.4 9.0
g 0.5
0.8
-»_—
1.8
FY '
8.2
4.2
1.2
13,6
4.5
3.4
3.0
1.1
2.1
0.8
$6.6
$7,9 $14.2 $26.4
Specific breakdown of research activities applicable only to
FY '80 and FY '81.
L,H. Blair et al., Science and Technical_Needs for Hazardous
Waste Management October 1979.
Communication from Office of Research and Development,
January 29, 1980
6 -
-------
TABLE 2
EPA RESEARCH TOPICS IN TOXICS-CONTROL TECHNOLOGY*
1. Chemical alteration
1.1 Incineration
a) bench scale — studies on single priority
pollutants or synthetic mixtures at the
University of Cincinnati
b) pilot scale — pilot scale rotary kiln
on site of Cincinnati incinerator
c) commercial scale
i. Cincinnati boiler
ii, cement kiln
2, Concentration and Separation
2.1 Carbon adsorption — including field, stationary/
and mobile units
2.2 Coagulation and flocculation studies
2.3 Oltrafiltration
2.4 Ion exchange
2,5 Solvent extraction
3, Other Control Studies and Technologies
3.1 Liners for leachate containment
3.2 Solvent degreasing
3,3 Spill prevention control and containment
3.4 Aerosol control
3,5 Reclamation of hazardous wastes
'Topics brought to the attention of the Technology Assessment
and Pollution Control Committee.
r-»
-------
practices to prevent unacceptable levels of risk from ex-
posure to toxics in the environment.
Control technology is needed to (a) -remove toxics from the
environment so that the residual concentration is at or below
that equivalent to the acceptable level of risk and (b) isolate
and contain/ destroy, or treat the removed material to insure
that the material is "detoxified" or will not re-enter the
environment. The stategies and processes to remove toxics
from' the environment include (a) end-of-pipe technologies,
(b) industrial process changes, including changes in raw
materials, and (c) removal of the chemical or material from
commerce* Toxics may be intermediates, primary products or by-
products of manufacturing and use. Isolation and treatment of
removed materials include control of the residues and sludges
that result.
The Committee did not rate individual research'projects,
laboratory programs, or program office activities,* this study
was not a peer review activity. Rather, TAPCC attempted to
ascertain whether EPA's toxics-control technology research would
provide a sound scientific and technological base for SPA's
current and future regulatory actions. The Committee also
wanted to assess whether the research would improve EPA's
overall ability, as an Agency a) to respond to legislation
requiring control of toxics and b) to provide guidance,
instruction, and information on suitable technology to control
toxics.
TAPCC interest for this study was prompted by the sense the
Committee perceived within the Agency that currently available
technology is adequate to meet regulatory needs, that this
technology is ready for widespread use, and that all that SPA
needs to do is write the regulations based on such technology.
members questioned this optimism.
-------
4.0 PROCEDURES' FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROGRAM EVALUATION
TAPCC evaluated the adequacy of EPA's control technology
research program in terms of its ability to accomplish the
following;
a) identify and classify toxics,
b) evaluate ecological and health effects o'f
toxics,
c) develop and evaluate the adequacy of toxics
control technology, and
d) set regulations for the control of toxics.
TAPCC held three^ meetings, one in Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, one in Cincinnati, Ohio, and one in Washington,
D.C. At these meetings, TAPCC members heard presentations and
received descriptive materials on existing programs, planned
activities, and current and future policy thinking with respect
to the control of toxics. The specific groups visited were at
the MERL in Cincinnati and at the lERLs in Cincinnati and
Research Triangle Park. Representatives from the Office of
Solid Waste (QSW), the Office of Toxic Substances (QTS), and the
Effluent Guidelines Division (SGD) of the, Office of Water
Programs (Washington, D.C.) met with the Committee and discussed
pertinent items of interest. Meetings typically lasted two days
with a three-month interval between meetings. These meetings were
augmented by telephone discussions and small group writing
sessions which culminated in this report.
In addition, TAPCC members reviewed pertinent documents
especially the OSTP/ISETAJP report on Scientific and Technical
Needs for Hazardous Waste Management (Blair ejb al. , 1979) and
the Conservation Foundation Report titled, An Issue Report:
Determining Unreasonable Risk Under the Toxic Substances
Control Act (Oavies et al., 1979).
-------
This report provides comments, Impressions, and
recommendations based upon these investigations.
5.0 EVALUATION OF EPA RESEARCH FOR CONTROL OF TOXICS
The evaluation of EPA's program was accomplished by
considering the four topics listed in section 4.0 and is
presented in this section.
5.1 Identify and ClassifyToxics
Toxic materials must be defined with a minimum number of
parameters to describe their emission into, transport in, and
interaction with the environment. Information must also be
available on the ability to separate toxics from the streams in
which they are contained and on the ability to isolate toxics
from the environment once they are separated.
TAPCC noted that EPA had research underway on source
identification of toxic emissions both in the environment and
from industrial manufacturing process, e.g*, the organic
chenical industry. In addition, EPA is observing decision-
making processes for toxic emissions control in other countries.
The work in this area appears adequate and is being continued
on an industry-by~industry basis,
Scientific studies of the transport and fate of toxics
should be linked to engineering work on control technology. This
linkage is important, for example, for toxic materials that
exist as micro-particles or adsorbed on micro-particles. The
Committee is aware of scientific and engineering studies in the
Agency which address aerosol transport and control, but is not
aware of similar work that characterises the transport, fate,
- 10 -
-------
micro-particles in aqueous streams, Thus it appears that the
linkage between scientific studies and engineering work for
control technologies is inadequate.
Because of the large number of toxic materials which could
be emitted to the environment, the Agency must develop methods
for rapid characterization of the controllability of these
materials* Control processes need to be characterised in terms
of the operating parameters of the process and the appropriate
control data classifying the toxic being removed by the process
(e.g./ distribution coefficient for extraction processes). The
data identifying the ability of the toxic to be removed by a
process should be correlated to easily measurable physical and
chemical properties of the toxic. TAPCC was briefed on work
characterising "removability" and "treatability" which attempts
to meet the above objectives. It is the Committee's opinion
that this work needs to be developed on a stronger scientific
and technological base and that the effort needs to be
coordinated within the Agency. In addition, terminology needs
to be carefully defined and research objectives carefully
established.
TAPCC was briefed on work to characterize fugitive
emissions and the relationship between plant fugitive emissions
and plant maintenance. Developing adequate and routine
maintenance procedures appears to be the best control measure
for fugitive emissions. This program seems to be adequate and
its work should be continued.
There appears to be an inadequate amount of research on
the removal of extremely toxic substances from waste streams,
especially those toxics which produce a harmful effect in
concentrations less than parts per billion. This area appears
to be a severe shortcoming in the Agency's program.
Most of the research programs were directed toward
problem identification. It is the Committee's belief that
- 11 -
-------
research in control technology should be parallel with
problem identification rather than sequential to it, so
that the appropriate control technology alternatives
become available as soon as the extent of the problem
indicates the need to implement such control technology,
5,2 Ecological_and Health Effects of Toxics
Ecological and health effect studies should relate
environmental effects,and basic toxicology studies on test
organisms, to safe emission levels for toxic materials. These
emission levels are then used as specifications for and help
define appropriate control technologies* At IERL-RTP the Multi-
media Environmental Goals (MEGs) activity attempts this
synthesis of biological data for selecting control processes for
toxics. This-activity represents a competent initial effort, it
was, however, the only research effort that attempted to
integrate ecological, health, and control technology
information. Further integrated, multi-media methodology and
research efforts are required to establish the performance
criteria and need for toxics-control technologies.
5,3 Control Tecfanglogy
Measures must be developed to remove a toxic substance from
a waste stream, to detoxify it and/or isolate the material for a
sufficiently long time. The control technologies which may be
developed should not produce any additional toxics which must be
controlled and isolated. The evaluation must also consider that
for very toxic materials the following choices may be necessary:
a) stopping production of the products which
create the toxics? or
b) altering the .route of chemical synthesis to
minimize or eliminate production of the toxics.
- 12 -
-------
The review revealed many individual, short-term projects
responsive to program office needs, e.g., testing vater
discharges from textile mills and control of emissions from
solvent degreasing tanks. There appeared to be little
integrated, long-term research efforts. Current research was
almost entirely on well established methods for the control of
toxics, EPA should increase its research on innovative
control technologies.
.5.4 Se11ing__Ra g ul a 11ons
The Committee's disucssions focused primarily on research
activities. TAPCC did not investigate how regulators use this
information to set standards.
5.5 The Anticipatory Research Center for Advanced
Control Technology
This Center was initiated in FY '78, and it is unclear
how its efforts will be integrated into EPA's research efforts
on the control of toxics. However, it appears that there will
be considerable reliance on the Center for the development of
"forefront" technology, TAPCC believes that if excessive
reliance is placed on this Center for the development of
toxics-control technology, to the exclusion of related on-
going activities in the SPA laboratories and the integration
therewith, BPA's research and regulatory program will not
derive optimum benefit.
- 13 -
-------
6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The conclusions of TAPCC and its recommendations are:
1. A wide class of control technologies has demonstrated
the ability to reduce effluent concentration levels to the parts
per million range. However, many toxics will require control to
lower effluent concentrations. The ability to measure low
concentrations has progressed rapidly and it is now possible to
measure concentrations of toxics in the parts per billion and
parts per trillion range. Since there is a movement to regulate
emissions at levels of deteetability, TAPCC recommends that
o EPA initiate an effort to identify and develop control
technologies that achieve effluent concentrations of
toxic substances in the parts per billion (ppb) and parts
per trillion (ppt) range so that such control technology
will be available when health and ecological studies
indicate the need for its application.
2. EPA's research efforts are funded by specific media-
oriented legislation. As a result, a multi-media emphasis on
control of toxics is lacking. Research related to control
technology of toxics has not adequately considered the
intermedia transfer of toxics * For example, research on the
removal of toxics from wastewater normally does not address the
concomitant problem of the disposal of the sludge containing
the transferred toxics. T&gCC recommends that
o EPA attempt to have an integrated toxics control program
across all media — air, water, and land — so as to avoid
technological solutions that merely result in the inter-
media transfer of toxics and which do not lead to the
effective ultimate disposal of the toxics.
- 14 -
-------
3. Much of EP&'s research effort on this subject appears
to be directed toward problem identification with less effort
directed toward development of new pollution control techology
or modifications to improve existing pollution control
technology. TAPCC recommends that
o research in toxics-control technology be parallel with-
problem identification rather than sequential to it, so
that the appropriate control technology alternatives will
become available as soon as there is an indication of the
nee<2 to implement controls.
4. Development and evaluation of new and different
control technologies by EPA are necessary if the Agency is to
have a sound scientific and technological base for its future
regulatory actions. TAPCC recommends that
o EPA establish a program to develop and evaluate control
technologies in terms of their abilities to meet
targeted control performance requirements at reasonable
cost. Aqueous micro-particle control technology should
be included in this program.
5. A program to collect and dispose of toxics after
they have been diluted and co-niingled with other wastes or
have lost their identity in poorly managed storage and disposal
areas is very costly. TAPCC recommends that
o EPA increase research that will identify how toxics can be
minimized or eliminated at the source through in-process
change, product substitution, raw material change, or
process modification.
- 15 -
-------
6 * The potentially large number of toxics which can enter
and pollute our environment require that a methodology be
developed to rapidly screen and identify the need for control
technology for these materials. EPA has begun work in defining
and characterizing the ability of a process to remove toxics from
waste aqueous streams (i.e., "removability") and the ability of
a toxic material to be treated in an aqueous stream (i.e.,
"treatability"}. TAPCC recommends that
o EPA continue' its research in the above area but that
activities be coordinated between the program offices and
the laboratories, Terminology such as "removability" and
"treatability" must be carefully defined or be replaced by
terms recognized by the chemical engineering profession
such as "separation factor" and "distribution
coefficient," and
o
EPA attempt to characterize "removability" with respect to
process operating conditions and "treatability" with
respect to1 the physical properties of toxic materials be
continued.
7,0 REFERSMCES
1. Blair, L.8«, Gerber, C.R. and Slosky, L.L.7 Scientific
and Technica3^_Needs _for Hazardous Waste Management,
The Office of Science and Technology Policy/
Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, anel Technology
Advisory Panel Staff Report, October 1979.
2. Davies, J.C*, Gusman, S., Irwinr P., An IssueReport:
Determining Unreasonable Risk Under the Toxic
Substances Control Act, The Conservation Foundation,
Washington, D.C., 1979.
- 16 -
-------
APPENDIX A
EXAMPLES OF TOXICS-COMTRQL RESEARCH IN
THE RESPONSIBLE EPA LABORATORIES
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory— Las Vegasf Nevada
o Characterization of Hazardous Wastes Identified in the
Proposed Hazardous Waste Regulations
o Evaluation of the Extraction Procedure and Associated
Analytical Methods in the Proposed Regulations
o Evaluation of Sampling Procedures in the Proposed Hazardous
Waste Regulations
o Initiation of a Hazardous Waste Monitoring Quality Assurance
Program
Environmental Research Laboratory -••"_Ada, QJclahoma
o Behavior of Organic Pollutants in Simulated High-rate
Infiltration Systems
o Bioorganic Indicators of Ground-water Pollution
o Development of Ground-water Monitoring Techniques For
Landfills
o Direct Injection of Heclaimed Water for Ground-water
Recharge
o Pate of Organic Compounds in Aquifers
o Fate of Organic Pollutants in a Wastewater Land Treatment
System Using Lagoon Impoundment and Spray Irrigation
o Land Treatment of Petroleum-industry Wastes and Sludges
o Movement and Fate of viruses and Organic Pollutants in
Ground-water During the Land Treatment of Wastewater
Environmental Research Laboratory — Athens, Georgia
o Development of a Master Analytical Scheme for Qrganics in
Water
o Identification of Non-volatile Organic Compounds Formed
During Water Chlorination
- 17 -
-------
APPENDIX A (Continued)
Environmental Research Laboratory — Athens, Georgia (continued)
o Prediction of Microbial Transformation of Toxic Substances
in Natural Waters and Sediments
o Sorption Processes in Soils and Water
Industrial Environmental Research^Laboratory •— Cincinnati,
Ohio
o Centralized Treatment of Electroplating Sludges
o Determination of Current Disposal Techniques for High-volume
Potentially loxic Mine Wastes
o Incineration and Destruction in Cement Kilns
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory— Research
Triangle Parkt< North Carolina
o At-Sea Incineration — Sampling, Analysis, and Environmental
Assessment
o Development of a Protocol for the Thermal Destruction
of FCBs
o Environmental Assessment of Conventional Combustion
Sources for Toxic Emissions and Effluents
o Evaluation of a Cojnmerical Vacuum System for the Removal
of Asbestos
o Evaluation of PCB Destruction Efficiency for High"
efficiency Incineration in Industrial and Utility
Boilers
o Pesticide BATEA Review
o Pesticide-wastewater "Treatability" Studies
o Refinement and Development of Technical Support
Pesticide-effluent Guidelines
o Technical and Economical Evaluation of Textiles'
BATEA Guidelines
- 18 -
-------
APPENDIX A (Continued)
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory —-^Research
Triangle Park, North _Car_olina (continued)
o Technical Services and Support Information for the
Asbestos Abatement Program
o TSCA-pollutant Prioritiaation-strategy Model
Municipal Environmental.^Research Laboratory -_^_Ci_nc_innat i,,
Ohio
o Air Pollution Sampling and Monitoring at Hazardous Waste
Facilities
o Development of Pilot Scale Microwave Plasma Detoxification
Process for Hazardous wastes
o Development of Safe Methods for Disposal of Excess Pesticides
Used by Farmers and Applicators
o Economic Analysis of Hazardous Waste Treatment/Control
Technology
o Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Storing, Sampling, Analysis,
and Compatibility
o Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Chemically Stabilized
Sludges
o Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Processes and Materials
for Eneapsulting Containers Holding Hazardous Wastes
o Predicting Movement of Selected Metals in Soils; Application-
to-disposal Problems
o Testing Protocols and Data Requirments for Statements on
Pesticide Container Labels
o Toxicity—Testing, Methods Development and Validation
- 19 -
-------
APPENDIX B
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE
Member's i
Dr. Raymond C. Loehr, Chairman
Director,
Environmental Studies Program
Cornell University
Dr. Eugene M. Bentley, III
President,
ECO Laboratories
Cleveland
* Dr. Joseph DiMento
Ph.D. Program in Urban & Regional
Planning
The University of Michigan
** Dr. Albert Gomezplata
Professor of Chemical Engineering
University of Maryland
Dr. Barbara Krieger
Assistant Professor of Chemical
Engineering
University of Washington
Dr. Cecil Lue-Sing
Director for Research and Development
Metropolitan Sanitary District of
Greater Chicago
*** Dr* Francis McMichael
Professor of Civil Engineering, and
Engineering and Public Policy
Carnegie-Mellon University
** Marion Monet
Chemical Marketing Analyst
Sun Petroleum Products Co.
Philadelphia
Dr. Erman A. Pearson
Professor of Sanitary Engineering
University of California, Berkeley
* On sabbatical from The University of California, Irvine
** New member as of March 5-6, 1980 meeting
*** On sabbatical to Environmental Research and Technology,
Inc.f Pittsburgh
- 20 -
------- |