dean Watersheds Needs Survey 2004
 The Clean Watersheds Needs
 Survey (CWNS) is a comprehensive
 assessment of needs1 to meet the water
 quality and water-related public health
 goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
 States and the U.S.  Environmental
 Protection Agency  (EPA) conduct the
 CWNS every four years under CWA
 Sections 205(a) and 516 (b)(l).

 Maine reported needs totaling $1.0 billion
 in 2004. This is a seventeen percent
 decrease from the $1.2 billion in needs
 reported in 2000.
County Needs ($M)
^^ None reported
|     |<40
|     | 40-70
|     |>70

Facility Needs ($M)
   •   <3
   .   3-9
   0   >9
Reported Needs in Maine

Type of Need
Wastewater treatment plant improvements
Wastewater collection and conveyance improvements
Combined sewer overflow correction
Stormwater management controls
Home sewage treatment system improvements
Recycled wastewater distribution"
Total Wastewater Treatment Needs
Agriculture best management practices (BMPs)
Forestry BMPs
Residential/ business development BMPs
Ground water protection BMPs
Marinas and boating BMPs
Mining and quarrying BMPs
Contaminated industrial site (Brownfield) remediation
Leaking storage tank remediation
Sanitary landfill BMPs
Water resource restoration and protection
Total Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Needs0
Total Needs
Needs (2004
2000
$204
$153
$727
nrb
n/a
n/a
$1,084
$24
$48
$8
nr
nr
nr
nr
$57
nr
$6
$143
$1,227
Dollars, Millions)
2004
$248
$229
$374
$3
$19
nr
$873
$24
$44
$18
nr
nr
nr
nr
$57
nr
$6
$149
$1,022

Percent Change
22%
50%
-49%
n/a
n/a
n/a
-19%
0%
-8%
125%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0%
n/a
0%
4%
-17%
a The CWNS did not collect data on recycled water distribution in 2000    b Not reported
0 The actual NFS pollution control needs are expected to be higher since documenting and reporting their costs is difficult.
 1 Costs in the CWNS are generally eligible for funding under the Clean Water Act State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). All needs are capital
needs except stormwater management needs, which include program development costs. The survey is a "snapshot" of data and needs;
needs are as of January 1, 2004, and all costs are in January 2004 dollars.

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                           dean  Watersheds Needs Survey 2004
The enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 resulted in dramatic improvements in the:
   •  Number of wastewater treatment plants.
   •  Percentage of the population served by wastewater treatment plants.
   •  Level of effluent treatment from wastewater treatment plants.

In 2004, 49% of Maine residents received centralized wastewater treatment services at the secondary, greater
than secondary, or no discharge treatment level, compared to 23% in 1972.
                      Number of Centralized Treatment Facilities and Population Served
Treatment Level
                        Number of Facilities
1972    2004   Projected"    1972
                                             Population Served
                                      % Total                % Total
                                     Population              Population
1972
2004
2004"    Projected3
Less than Secondary0
Secondary
Greater than Secondary
No Discharge
Total
15
37
17
0
69
12
115
2
10
139
10
111
8
12
77,000
187,000
60,000
0
141 324,000
7.3%
17.7%
5.7%
0%
30.6%
9,303
626,778
16,038
7,215
659,334
0.7%
47.6%
1.2%
0.5%
50.1%
12,269
745,622
63,850
19,502
841,243
a Number of facilities and population served if all needs documented in the CWNS 2004 are met.
b The remaining population is largely served by home and cluster sewage treatment systems.
Includes facilities granted section 301(h) waivers from secondary treatment for discharges to marine waters.
(Number of facilities from Tables C-7 and C-8 of the CWNS 2004 Report to Congress)
    What are treatment levels?
    •   Less than secondary treatment removes solids by filtration, sedimentation, and chemical coagulation.
    •   Secondary treatment removes most of the organic matter in wastewater using biological processes.
    •   Greater than secondary treatment removes additional organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, or toxics.
    •   No discharge facilities include facilities that reuse wastewater, discharge to an underground aquifer, or
       dispose of wastewater via methods such as irrigation or evaporation.
    The CWA goals of fishable, swimmable and drinkable waters require secondary or greater treatment.
 Small communities often need additional assistance to meet CWA requirements, because they often lack
 adequate financing, training, and economies of scale to efficiently manage and maintain wastewater treatment
 systems.

 In Maine, small community wastewater
 facilities serve 50% of the population and
 comprise 30% of total wastewater treatment
 and collection needs.  EPA small community
 support information is available at:
 www. epa. gov/owm/mab/smcomm
Reported Needs for Facilities in Small Communities
Population
< 1,000
1,000-3,499
3,500-10,000

Facilities
2000 2004
10
38
20
KB
10
38
25
Needs (2004 Dollars, Millions)
2000 2004
$28
$193
$135
73 $356
$37
$140
$86
$263
           Detailed Reports to Congress
           Other state fact sheets
           Maps, charts, and data downloads for watersheds, counties, congressional districts, states,
           and regions
         Office of Water, Office of Wastewater Management; 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. (Mailcode 4204M), Washington, DC 20460
                                      EPA-XXX-X-XX-XXX; Month XX, 2007

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