Ecological Soil Screening Levels
for
Cadmium
Interim Final
OSWER Directive 9285.7-65
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
March 2005
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR CADMIUM 1
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS 3
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE 6
5.1 Avian TRY 6
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL 12
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE 12
6.1 Mammalian TRY 12
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL j_8
7.0 REFERENCES 20
7.1 General Cadmium References 20
7.2 References for Plants and Soil Invertebrates 20
7.3 References Rejected for Use in Deriving Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
24
7.4 References Used in Deriving Wildlife TRVs 79
7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV 90
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Cadmium Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) 3.
Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Cadmium 4
Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Cadmium 7
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) -
Cadmium 9
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Cadmium 12
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value -
Cadmium 13
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Cadmium j_8
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Typical Background Concentrations of Cadmium in U.S. Soils 3_
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Cadmium H
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Cadmium 19.
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Cadmium
Appendix 6-1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRV) - Cadmium
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) are concentrations of contaminants in soil that are
protective of ecological receptors that commonly come into contact with and/or consume biota
that live in or on soil. Eco-SSLs are derived separately for four groups of ecological receptors:
plants, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals. As such, these values are presumed to provide
adequate protection of terrestrial ecosystems. Eco-SSLs are derived to be protective of the
conservative end of the exposure and effects species distribution, and are intended to be applied at
the screening stage of an ecological risk assessment. These screening levels should be used to
identify the contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) that require further evaluation in the
site-specific baseline ecological risk assessment that is completed according to specific guidance
(U.S. EPA, 1997, 1998, and 1999). The Eco-SSLs are not designed to be used as cleanup levels
and the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that it would be
inappropriate to adopt or modify the intended use of these Eco-SSLs as national cleanup
standards.
The detailed procedures used to derive Eco-SSL values are described in separate documentation
(U.S. EPA, 2003). The derivation procedures represent the collaborative effort of a
multi-stakeholder group consisting of federal, state, consulting, industry, and academic
participants led by the U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
This document provides the Eco-SSL values for cadmium and the documentation for their
derivation. This document provides guidance and is designed to communicate national policy on
identifying cadmium concentrations in soil that may present an unacceptable ecological risk to
terrestrial receptors. The document does not, however, substitute for EPA's statutes or
regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally-binding requirements on
EPA, states, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon
the circumstances of the site. EPA may change this guidance in the future, as appropriate. EPA
and state personnel may use and accept other technically sound approaches, either on their own
initiative, or at the suggestion of potentially responsible parties, or other interested parties.
Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of this
document and the appropriateness of the application of this document to a particular situation.
EPA welcomes public comments on this document at any time and may consider such comments
in future revisions of this document.
2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR CADMIUM
Cadmium is a naturally occurring rare element that does not have any known essential or
beneficial biological function (Eisler, 1985; OSHA, 1992) and is widely distributed in the earth's
crust (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov). It may enter the environment during the mining, ore processing,
and smelting of zinc and zinc-lead ores; the recovery of metal by processing scrap; the melting
and pouring of cadmium metal; the casting of alloys for coating products (telephone cables,
electrodes, sprinkling systems, fire alarms, switches, relays, circuit breakers, solder, and jewelry);
Eco-SSL for Cadmium 1 March 2005
-------
the combustion of coal and fossil fuels; use in paint, pigment, and battery manufacture, and the
production of sewage-sludges and phosphate fertilizers (Hutton, 1983; Shore and Douben, 1994;
andVanEnk, 1983).
Cadmium's initial route of entry to the environment is often via the atmosphere. When released, it
generally occurs as particulate matter and is subject to dry and wet deposition. Although
anthropogenic releases are as small particles, most cadmium appears to be deposited relatively
close to its source. Since it occurs naturally in the earth's crust, cadmium may also enter the
atmosphere from the weathering of rocks, windblown soil, and volcanoes. However, these
sources are minor compared with anthropogenic ones.
In the environment, cadmium occurs as a divalent metal that is insoluble in water, but its chloride
and sulfate salts are freely soluble (Eisler, 1985). If released or deposited on soil, cadmium is
largely retained in the surface layers of soil. Cadmium is adsorbed to soil but to a much lesser
extent than most other heavy metals. The most important soil properties influencing adsorption
are pH and organic content. Adsorption increases with pH and organic content. Therefore,
leaching is more apt to occur under acid conditions in sandy soil. Other studies indicate that
cadmium adsorption correlates most with the cation exchange capacity of the soil (CEC)
especially when the soil is saturated in divalent cations. In soil, cadmium is expected to convert
to more insoluble forms, such as cadmium carbonate in aerobic environments and cadmium
sulfide in anaerobic ones (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov).
The availability of cadmium to organisms in the environment is dependent on a number of factors
including pH, Eh, and chemical speciation (Eisler, 1985). Cadmium is taken up by plants from
soils and translocated with subsequent transfer through the terrestrial food chain (Shore and
Douben, 1994). The most important soil factors influencing plant cadmium accumulation are soil
pH and cadmium concentration. Soil cadmium is distributed between a number of pools or
fractions, of which only the cadmium in soil solution is thought to be directly available for uptake
by plants. Soil pH is the principal factor governing the concentration of cadmium in the soil
solution. Cadmium adsorption to soil particles is greater in neutral or alkaline soils than in acidic
ones and this leads to increased cadmium levels in the soil solution. As a consequence, plant
uptake of cadmium decreases as soil pH increases (WHO, 1992; http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov).
The main routes of cadmium absorption for mammals are via respiration and ingestion. Factors
that are reported to affect dietary cadmium absorption from the GI tract include age, sex,
chemical form, levels of protein, levels of calcium and the presence of other elements (Nriagu,
1981). Cadmium-induced effects associated with oral intake include nephrotoxicity and also
possible effects on the liver, reproductive organs, and the hematopoietic, immune, skeletal, and
cardiovascular systems (Shore and Douben, 1994).
The Eco-SSL values derived to date for cadmium are summarized in Table 2.1.
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium 1 March 2005
-------
Table 2.1 Cadmium Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil)
Plants
32
Soil Invertebrates
140
Wildlife
Avian
0.77
Mammalian
0.36
Eco-SSL values were derived for all
receptor groups. The Eco-SSL values
for cadmium range from 0.36 mg/kg
dry weight (dw) for mammalian
wildlife to 140 mg/kg dw for soil
invertebrates. With the exception of
the mammalian value, these
concentrations are higher than the
50th percentile of reported
background soil concentrations in
eastern and western U.S. soils (0.23
and 0.40 mg/kg dw, respectively)
(Figure 2.1). Background
concentrations reported for many
metals in U.S. soils are described
in Attachment 1-4 of the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003).
1.5
M
a
o
U
1 -
0.5 -
X
East
West
Figure 2.1 Typical Background
Concentrations of
Cadmium in U.S. Soils
3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
Maximum
95th
75th
50th
25th
5th Percentile
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 716 papers were
selected for acquisition for further review. Of those papers acquired, 62 met all 11 Study
Acceptance Criteria (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers were reviewed and
the studies were scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2).
Fifty-nine received an Evaluation Score greater than ten (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-1).
These studies are listed in Table 3.1.
The studies in Table 3.1 are sorted by bioavailability score. There are fourteen studies eligible for
Eco-SSL derivation with a bioavailability score of two. These results are used to derive the plant
Eco-SSL for cadmium (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). The Eco-SSL is the geometric mean
of the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) values for fourteen test species under
different test conditions (pH and % organic matter (OM)) and is equal to 32 mg/kg dw.
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Cadmium
Reference
Singh and Jeng, 1993
Adema, 1989
Adema, 1989
Adema, 1989
Lehoczky et al, 1996
Lehoczky et al, 1996
Monette, 1978
Kelly, 1979
Kelly, 1979
Kelly, 1979
Kelly, 1979
Dixon, 1988
Taylor, 1974
Study
ID
a
b
c
b
c
a
b
c
d
b
Test Organism
Ryegrass
Lettuce
Tomato
Oats
Corn
Garlic
Barley
White pine
Yellow birch
Choke cherry
Loblolly pine
Red oak
Alfalfa
ns
Lactuca saliva
Lycopersicon esculentum
Avena sativa
Zea mays
Allium sativum
Hordeum vulgare
Pinus strobus
Betula allenghaniensis
Prunus virginiana
Pinus taeda
Quercus rubras
Medicago sativa
Soil pH
6.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.2
4.2
6.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
6.0
6.4
OM%
0.1
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.43
4.43
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.0
Bio-
availability
Score
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
ERE
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Tox
Parameter
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
Geometric Mean
Tox Value-
Soil Cone.
(mg/kg dw)
22
57
57
18
71
22
9
39
39
39
39
14
79
32
Total
Evaluation
Score
14
16
16
16
14
14
12
12
12
12
12
16
11
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Used for
Eco-SSL?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Data Not Used to Derive Plant Eco-SSL
Lehoczky et al., 1998
Dixon, 1988
Gunther, 1990
Gunther, 1990
Cieslinski, 1996
Mahler et al., 1987
Taylor, 1981
Taylor, 1981
Lehoczky et al, 1996
Kelly, 1979
Zaman, 1998
Zaman, 1998
Zaman, 1998
Zaman, 1998
Zaman, 1998
Zaman, 1998
Zaman, 1998
Rehab, 1978
Kelly, 1979
Miles and Parker, 1979
Miles and Parker, 1979
Miles and Parker, 1979
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
b
a
a
b
a
d
f
d
a
a
a
b
b
b
b
b
e
a
b
c
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
Lettuce
Red oak
Oats
Turnip
Strawberry
Corn
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Spinach
Yellow poplar
Radish
Radish
Radish
Radish
Radish
Radish
Radish
Cotton
Yellow poplar
(7 species, pooled together)
(7 species, pooled together)
(7 species, pooled together)
Cowpea
Egyptian clover
Indiana clover
Maize
Oats
Pearl millet
Alfalfa
Lactuca sativa
Quercus rubras
Avena sativa
Brassica rapa
Fragaria x ananassa Duch.
Zea mays
Medicago Sativa
Medicago Sativa
Spinacia deracea
Liriodendron tulipifera
Raphanus sative
Raphanus sative
Raphanus sative
Raphanus sative
Raphanus sative
Raphanus sative
Raphanus sative
Gossypium spp.
Liriodendron tulipifera
(7 species, pooled together)
(7 species, pooled together)
(7 species, pooled together)
Vigna unguiculata
Trifolium alexandrinum L
Melilotus parviflora Desv.
Zea mays L.
Avena sativa
Pennisetum glaucum
Medicago sativa
4.3
6.0
6.1
6.1
5.1
5.5
6.9
6.9
4.2
4.8
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4.4
1.5
1.3
1.3
0.5
2.58
1.7
1.7
4.43
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
PHY
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
LOAEC
MATC
EC50
EC50
cnbd
LOAEC
NOAEC
NOAEC
LOAEC
NOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
NOAEC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
LOAEC
10
32
239
69
cnbd
5
250
250
10
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
300
100
17
17
55
2
2
2
35
4
2
1
15
16
12
12
14
12
15
15
14
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
11
13
11
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
March 2005
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Cadmium
Reference
Study
ID
Test Organism
Soil pH
OM%
Bio-
availability
Score
ERE
Tox
Parameter
Tox Value-
Soil Cone.
(mg/kg dw)
Total
Evaluation
Score
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Used for
Eco-SSL?
Data Not Used to Derive Plant Eco-SSL
Singh and Nayyar, 1994
Adema, 1989
Adema, 1989
Adema, 1989
Miles and Parker, 1980
Miles and Parker, 1980
Miles and Parker, 1980
Lehoczky et al, 1996
Lehoczky et al., 1998
Singh et al, 1989
Singh et al, 1989
Dang, 1990
Dang, 1990
Mahler et al., 1987
Taylor, 1981
Sadana, 1987
h
d
e
f
a
a
a
b
C
F
d
a
Teosinte
Lettuce
Tomato
Oats
Black-eyed susan
Wild bergamot
Little bluestem
Garlic
Lettuce
Wheat (varLW 711)
Wheat (varLW 711)
Onion
Fenugreek
Corn
Alfalfa
Wheat
Zea mexicana
Lactuca sativa
Lycopersicon esculentum
Avena sativa
Rudbeclda hirta
Monardafistulosa
Andropogon scoparius
Allium sativum
Lactuca sativa
Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivum L.
Allium cepa
Trigonella poenum
Zea mays
Medicago sativa
Triticum aestivum L.
8
7.5
7.5
7.5
4.7-6.9
4.7-6.9
4.7-6.9
6.8
6.8
8.1
8.1
8.3
8.3
6-6.4
6.9
8.40
0.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
0.138-3.47
0.138-3.47
0.138-3.47
5.7
5.7
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.5
2.58-4.64
4.8
0.45
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
LOAEC
MATC
LOAEC
MATC
EC25
EC25
EC25
MATC
NOAEC
MATC
MATC
LOAEC
LOAEC
LOAEC
MATC
LOAEC
1
6
3
18
10
6
12
71
10
18
35
50
50
5
177
10
14
15
15
15
11
11
11
13
14
11
11
11
11
11
14
11
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
EC10 = Effect concentration for 10% of test population
EC25 = Effect concentration for 25% of test population
EC50 = Effect concentration for 50% of test population
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
GRO = Growth
LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration
MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration. Geometric mean of NOAEC and LOAEC.
N = No
NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration
ns = Not specified
OM = Organic matter content
PHY = Physiology
REP = Reproduction
Y = yes
cnbd = Could Not Be Determined
Bioavailability Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
March 2005
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4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES
Of the papers identified from the literature search process, 239 papers were selected for
acquisition for further review. Of those papers acquired, 32 met all 11 Study Acceptance Criteria
(U.S. EPA 2003; Attachment 3-1). Each of these papers were reviewed and the studies were
scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 3-2). Forty-seven
studies received an Evaluation Score greater than ten. These studies are listed in Table 4.1.
The studies in Table 4.1 are sorted by bioavailability score. There are ten studies eligible for Eco-
SSL derivation and all were used to derive the soil invertebrate Eco-SSL for cadmium (U.S. EPA,
2003; Attachment 3-2). The Eco-SSL is the geometric mean of the MATC or EC10 values for
three test species under six different test conditions (pH) and is equal 140 mg/kg dw.
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the toxicity
reference value (TRV) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three
surrogate species representing different trophic levels based on the wildlife exposure model and
the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003).
5.1 Avian TRV
The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment
4-1) identified 1,953 papers with possible toxicity data for either avian or mammalian species.
Of these studies, 1,766 were rejected for use as described in Section 7.5. Of the remaining
studies, 35 contained data for avian test species. These papers were reviewed and the data were
extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-
4). The results of the data extraction and review are provided as Table 5.1. The complete results
are included as Appendix 5-1.
Within the reviewed papers, there are 93 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH),
physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR)
effects that meet the Data Evaluation Score of >65 for use to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 5.1. The no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) results for growth and
reproduction are used to calculate a geometric mean. This result is examined in relationship to
the lowest bounded lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for reproduction, growth, and
survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003);
Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth was calculated at 1.47 mg
cadmium/kg bw/day. This value is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction,
growth, or survival. Therefore, the TRV is equal to the geometric mean of NOAEL values for
reproduction and growth and is equal to 1.47 mg cadmium/kg bw/day.
Eco-SSL for Cadmium 6 March 2005
-------
Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Cadmium
Reference
Van Gestel et al., 1992
Crommentuijn et al., 1993
Van Gestel and Van Diepen, 1 997
Van Gestel et al., 1991
Sandifer and Hopkin, 1997
Crouauetal, 1993
Sandifer and Hopkin, 1996
Sandifer and Hopkin, 1996
Sandifer and Hopkin, 1996
Kammenga et al., 1996
Study
ID
a
a
a
a
c
b
Test Organism
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Nematode
Eisenia andrei
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Eisenia andrei
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Plectuc acuminatus
Soil
PH
6.0
6.0
5.6
6.7
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
OM%
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
Bio-
availability
Score
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ERE
REP
REP
POP
GRO
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Tox
Parameter
MATC
MATC
EC10
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
MATC
Geometric Mean
Tox Value
(Soil Cone at
mg/kg dw)
13
220
6
24
600
108
600
600
600
566
142
Total
Evaluation
Score
16
16
16
16
16
15
14
14
14
14
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Used for
Eco-SSL?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Data not Used to Derive Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSL
Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994
Korthalsetal, 1996
Peredney and Williams, 2000b
Peredney and Williams, 2000b
Peredney and Williams, 2000b
Peredney and Williams, 2000b
Van Gestel and Van Dis, 1 988
Vonketal, 1996
Vonketal, 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Wohlgemuth et al., 1990
Conder and Lanno, 2000
Crommentuijn et al., 1995
Fitzpatrick et al., 1996
Honeycutt et al., 1995
Neuhauser et al., 1986, 1985
Peredney and Williams, 2000a
Peredney and Williams, 2000b
Peredney and Williams, 2000b
Phillips et al., 1996
Spurgeon and Hopkin, 1995
a
b
c
d
a
c
e
h
j
e
e
f
a
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Earthworm
Earthworm
Springtail
Earthworm
Springtail
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
Earthworm
Earthworm
Caenorhabditis elegans
Total nematode fauna
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans
Eisenia fetida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Eisenia fetida
Eisenia fetida
Folsomia Candida
Eisenia andrei
Folsomia Candida
Eisenia fetida
Eisenia fetida
Eisenia fetida
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans
Eisenia fetida
Eisenia fetida
4
4.1
4
4
4
4
4.1
5.2
4.9
5.4
4.9
5.0
6.5
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.0
4
4
4
6.0
6.1
4.2
3.2
1.14
1.14
4.2
4.2
1.7
2.4
3.8
2.4
3.8
3.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10
10
10
10.0
10.0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
MOR
REP
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
REP
REP
GRO
GRO
REP
MOR
REP
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
GRO
LC50
NOAEC
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
EC 50
EC50
EC50
EC50
NOAEC
ILL
EC50
LC50
NOAEC
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEC
EC50
7
160
268
371
937
1215
>1000
125
49
393
332
120
112
123
298
1000
876
1,641
1642
1852
200
215
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
18
18
17
17
12
16
15
13
11
14
12
12
12
13
15
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Cadmium
Reference
Study
ID
Test Organism
Soil
PH
OM%
Bio-
availability
Score
ERE
Tox
Parameter
Tox Value
(Soil Cone at
mg/kg dw)
Total
Evaluation
Score
Eligible for
Eco-SSL
Derivation?
Used for
Eco-SSL?
Data not Used to Derive Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSL
Spurgeon et al., 1994
Van Gestel and Hensbergen, 1 997
Van Gestel et al., 1993
Vonketal, 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Vonketal., 1996
Wohlgemuthetal.,1990
Wohlgemuth et al., 1990
Wohlgemuth et al., 1990
Van Gestel and Van Dis, 1 988
Wohlgemuthetal.,1990
Wohlgemuth et al., 1990
a
b
d
f
g
I
a
b
c
b
d
f
Earthworm
Springtail
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Eiseniafetida
Folsomia Candida
Eisenia andrei
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Eiseniafetida
Eiseniafetida
Eiseniafetida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
Eiseniafetida
Folsomia Candida
Folsomia Candida
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.0
6.5
6.5
5.4
6.9
6.9
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
10
10
2.4
10.0
10.0
2.4
0.0
0.5
1.0
7.7
5.0
3.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
GRO
GRO
GRO
REP
REP
REP
MOR
REP
REP
EC50
EC50
LOAEC
EC 50
EC50
EC50
EC 50
EC 50
EC50
NOAEC
NOAEC
NOAEC
LC50
NOAEC
NOAEC
46
40
10
101
223
112
410
358
343
21
67
67
>1000
210
380
15
15
15
17
17
17
16
16
16
11
11
11
12
11
11
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
EC10 = Effect concentration for 10% of test population
EC50 = Effect concentration for 50% of test population
ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint
GRO = Growth
ILL = Incipient lethal level
LC50 = Concentration lethal to 50% of test population
LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration
MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration
MOR = Mortality
N = No
NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration
OM = Organic matter content
POP = Population
REP = Reproduction
Y= Yes
Bioavailability Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S.EPA, 2003)
Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003)
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 1 of2
Result #
Reference
RefNo.
Test Organism
I
# of Con
of Analyses
Method
Exposure
Route ol
e Duration
3
1
X
W
P
Duratiol
Q
I
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Cain et al, 1983
Blalock and Hill, 1988
Pilastro et al, 1993
Congiu et al, 2000
Lefevre et al, 1982
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Jordan and Bhatnagar, 1990
Donaldson, 1985
Freeland and Cousins, 1973
Richardson et al, 1974
Rama and Planas, 1981
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Spivey et al, 1971
366
386
433
25893
392
183
3736
429
7011
371
6468
80
7101
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris )
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Duck (Anas sp .)
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
4
4
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
2
22
22
5
42
12
3
2
4
2
15
2
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
1
1
NR
NR
1
11
7
1
1
1
1
NR
1
d
d
NR
NR
d
mo
mo
d
d
d
d
NR
d
JV
JV
AD
MA
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
NR
B
B
NR
M
F
M
M
B
NR
M
NR
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CFlM
CFlM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HMGL
HMGL
CYTC
GLTH
HMCT
URIC
GSTR
NEFA
HMCT
HMCT
HMCT
GLPX
HMCT
BL
BL
LI
LI
BL
NR
LI
BL
BL
BL
BL
BL
BL
0.858
1.02
1.44
2.57
9.68
12.5
2.04
7.21
13.8
37.6
2.76
5.04
9.75
11.5
13.0
13.4
14.7
75
76
70
80
71
77
69
70
70
70
70
69
70
Behavior
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Congiu et al, 2000
White and Finley, 1978
White et al 1978
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Silver and Nudds, 1995
Lefevre et al, 1982
FadilandMagid, 1996
Sell, 1975
Bafundo et al. 1984
Pritzl et al, 1974
25893
396
399
183
410
392
5265
807
8500
403
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Amercian black duck (Anas rubripes )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
3
4
4
4
2
3
3
2
3
5
M
M
M
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
22
90
90
42
106
5
30
6
14
20
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
NR
1
1
11
NR
1
1
16
8
2
NR
yr
yr
mo
NR
d
d
mo
d
w
MA
AD
AD
JV
AD
JV
JV
LB
JV
JV
B
B
B
M
B
NR
NR
F
M
M
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
ACTV
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FEFF
FCNS
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
14.4
16.9
21.1
41.1
0.265
0.708
1.05
2.40
4.80
9.57
70
66
70
70
78
74
67
73
72
73
Physiology
24 |Bokori et al, 1996
375 | Chicken (Callus domesticus )
3
u |FD| s
w
14
d
JV
M
PHY
FDCV
wo
1.24
3.71
79
Pathology
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Mayacketal, 1981
Lefevre et al, 1982
Bokori et al, 1996
Cain et al, 1983
White and Finley, 1978
Pilastro et al, 1993
White et al 1978
Congiu et al, 2000
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Cain et al, 1983
Rao et al., 1989
Rao et al, 1989
Bokori et al, 1995
Bokori, et al, 1995
Richardson et al, 1974
Richardson and Fox, 1974
Pritzl et al, 1974
Van Vleet et al, 1981
393
392
375
366
396
433
399
25893
183
389
366
818
817
378
379
371
402
403
80
Wood duck (Aix sponsa )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris )
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos )
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Duck (Anas sp .)
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
M
U
U
M
M
U
M
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
5
39
12
90
22
60
22
42
42
12
12
13
5
37
4
4
20
28
w
w
w
w
d
w
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
1
1
14
1
1
NR
1
NR
11
32
1
6
7
21
NR
1
1
2
NR
w
d
d
d
yr
NR
yr
NR
mo
w
d
mo
mo
d
NR
d
d
w
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
AD
MA
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
NR
M
B
B
B
B
B
M
M
B
F
F
M
F
B
B
M
M
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
ORW
HIS
ORW
HIS
GHIS
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
NPHR
GLBM
GHIS
GHIS
GHIS
SMIX
GLSN
SMIX
NCRO
KI
LU
LI
LI
KI
LI
KI
LI
AR
KI
KI
KI
KI
KI
PS
HE
IN
LI
MU
0.559
0.708
0.799
0.858
1.22
1.44
1.53
2.57
3.74
4.20
5.72
7.08
2.40
16.9
7.21
21.1
13.8
11.2
0.858
1.92
2.76
3.71
7.65
11.4
12.8
53.4
66.9
Reproduction
Leach et al, 1978
Leach et al, 1978
Bokori et al, 1996
White and Finley, 1978
White et al 1978
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Sell, 1975
Bokori et al, 1995
Bokori, et al, 1995
Richardson et al, 1974
398
398
375
396
399
389
807
378
379
371
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
U
U
U
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
12
39
90
90
42
23
5
37
6
w
mo
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
8
6
14
1
1
32
16
21
NR
1
mo
mo
d
yr
yr
w
mo
d
NR
d
LB
LB
IM
AD
AD
JV
LB
JV
LB
JV
F
F
M
F
B
M
F
M
F
M
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGPN
PROG
TEWT
Other
TEWT
TEWT
PROG
TEDG
PROG
TEWT
WO
wo
TE
NR
TE
TE
WO
TE
WO
TE
0.593
0.593
0.799
1.53
1.53
4.20
2.37
2.37
2.40
21.1
21.1
2.40
3.71
7.65
10.4
80
78
79
69
77
73
81
83
80
72
78
72
72
73
73
73
73
72
72
82
82
85
83
87
73
79
79
79
79
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 2 of2
Result #
Reference
RefNo.
Test Organism
I
# of Con
of Analyses
Method
Exposure
Route ol
e Duration
3
1
X
W
P
Duratiol
Q
I
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Growth
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Jacobs et al, 1978
Stoewsand et al 1986
Lefevre et al, 1982
Leach et al, 1978
Cain et al, 1983
Hill, 1974
Bokori et al, 1996
Hill 1979
Hill, 1974
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Blalock and Hill, 1988
Mayacketal, 1981
Hill 1979
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
FadilandMagid, 1996
Hill, 1990
Bafundo et al. 1984
Hill, 1974
Bokori et al, 1995
Pritzl et al, 1974
Freeland and Cousins, 1973
Richardson et al, 1974
Richardson and Fox, 1974
Rama and Planas, 1981
Hill, 1980
Spivey et al, 1971
400
356
392
398
366
1369
375
397
92
389
386
393
397
183
5265
8125
8500
1369
378
403
7011
371
402
6468
395
7101
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Wood duck (Aix sponsa )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Callus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
6
2
3
4
4
2
3
4
6
3
4
4
2
4
3
2
2
2
4
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
U
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
63
5
6
12
2
4
2
2
42
2
12
2
42
30
18
14
2
1
20
2
4
4
3
1
2
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
7
1
1
1
1
1
14
1
1
32
1
1
1
11
1
1
8
1
21
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
mo
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
NR
M
B
B
M
F
B
M
NR
B
F
M
NR
F
M
B
M
M
M
B
B
NR
F
NR
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.125
0.260
0.708
0.826
0.858
1.25
1.55
1.72
1.72
4.20
4.24
5.76
6.44
12.5
7.08
3.30
4.66
3.44
3.44
37.6
1.05
4.26
4.80
4.90
5.63
9.57
9.75
12.2
12.8
13.0
13.8
14.7
69
75
82
81
82
76
83
82
82
78
68
73
74
84
71
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
69
77
Surv val
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
Bokori et al, 1996
Blalock and Hill, 1988
Mayacketal, 1981
Hill, 1974
Pritzl et al, 1974
Richardson et al, 1974
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Spivey et al, 1971
Bokori, et al, 1995
White and Finley, 1978
White et al 1978
Bokori et al, 1995
Hill, 1974
Van Vleet et al, 1981
375
386
393
92
403
371
80
7101
379
396
399
378
1369
80
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Wood duck (Aix sponsa )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Duck (Anas sp .)
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail (Coturnixjaponica )
Mallard (Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus )
Duck (Anas sp .)
3
4
4
6
5
2
3
2
4
4
4
4
2
2
U
u
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
M
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
3
12
5
20
4
15
2
37
90
90
4
2
28
w
w
w
w
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
d
14
1
1
1
2
1
NR
1
NR
1
1
21
1
NR
d
d
w
d
w
d
NR
d
NR
yr
yr
d
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
M
NR
B
B
M
B
M
NR
F
B
B
M
B
M
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
3.00
4.24
5.78
8.59
9.57
10.5
13.4
14.2
15.3
16.9
21.1
22.3
14.3
30.6
44.6
4.90
66.9
78
69
74
77
84
69
77
69
84
80
84
84
77
77
ACTV = general activity levels; AD = adult; AR = adrenal gland; B = both; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BR = brain; CHM = chemical changes;
CYTC = NADPH cytochrome C reductase; d = days; DR = Drinking water; EGPN = egg production; ENZ = enzyme changes; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food;
FDB = feeding behavior; FDCV =food conversion efficiency; FE = feathers; FEFF = feed efficiency; GCHM = general biochemical; GE = gestation; GFUS = general histology;
GRO = growth; GLBM = glomerular basement membrane; GLPX = gluathione peroxidase; GLSN = gross lesions; GLTH = glutathione; GRS = gross wasting; GSTR =
glutathione S-transferase; HE = heart; HIS = histology; HMCT = hematocrit; HMGL = hemoglobin; IN = intestine; JV = juvenile; KI = kidney; LB = laying bird; LI = liver;
LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; LU= lung; M = male; M = measured; m = months; MA = mature; MOR = mortality, MORT = mortality; MU = multiple; NCRO =
necrosis; NEFA = fatty acids, nonesterified; NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level; NPHR = nephrosis; NR = Not reported; OR = other oral; ORW = organ weight changes;
ORWT = organ weight; PHY = physiology; PROG = progeny counts; PS = pancreas; REP = reproduction; SM = sexually mature; SMIX = weight relative to body weight; SURV :
URIC = uric acid; w = weeks; WCON = water consumption; WO = whole organism
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Figure 5.1 Avian TRV Derivation for Cadmium
:havior (BED) Physiology (PHY) Pathology (PTH)
Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Mortality (MOR)
BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL OPHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OGRO-NOAEL OGRO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEL
Wildlife TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study whenjoined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
4) The geometric mean is equal to 1.47 mg cadmium/kg bw/d and is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL within the reproduction, growth and survival effect groups.
5) The avian wildlife TRV for cadmium is equal to 1.47 mg cadmium/kg bw/day which is the geometric mean of the NOAEL values for growth and reproduction.
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for avian wildlife, one for each of three surrogate
receptor species representing different trophic levels. The avian Eco-SSLs were calculated
according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003) and are summarized in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Calculation of the Avian Eco-SSLs for Cadmium
Surrogate Receptor
Group
Avian herbivore
(dove)
Avian ground
insectivore
(woodcock)
Avian carnivore
(hawk)
TRY for
Cadmium
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
1.47
1.47
1.47
Food Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg bw/d)
0.190
0.214
0.0353
Soil Ingestion
as Proportion
of Diet (Ps)2
0.139
0.164
0.057
Concentration of
Cadmium in Biota
Type (i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
111(60 = 0.546 *
InCSoilj) - 0.475
where i = plants
ln(Bj) = 0.795 *
ln(SoiL) + 2.114
where i = earthworms
ln(Bi) = 0.4723 *
In(SoiL)- 1.2571
where i = mammals
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)4
28
0.77
630
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 HQ = FIR * (Soilj * Ps + Bj) / TRY) solved for HQ=1 where Soil, = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
The derivation of the Eco-SSL for mammalian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the
TRY was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5).
Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three surrogate receptor
species based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRY (U.S. EPA, 2003).
6.1 Mammalian TRV
The literature search was completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-2) and identified 1,953 papers with possible toxicity data for cadmium for either
avian or mammalian species. Of these studies, 1,766 were rejected for use as described in
Section 7.5. Of the remaining papers, 145 contained data for mammalian test species. These
papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance
(U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4-4). The results of the data extraction and review are
summarized in Table 6.1. The complete results are provided as Appendix 6-1.
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
12
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 1 of5
Result #
Reference
Ref
No.
Test Organism
# of Cone/ Doses
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
Q
I
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
1
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Watanabe et al, 1986
Weigeletall984
Cousins et al 1977
Watanabe et al, 1986
Mitsumon et al., 1998
Wheltonetal, 1997
Bhattahcaryya, 1991
Kotsonis and Klassen, 1 978
Weber and Reid 1969
Kodamaetal, 1989
Doyle etal, 1974
Sutou,etal, 1980
Takashnna etal 1980
Loeser and Lorke, 1977
Chetty etal, 1980
Whanger and Weswig, 1 970
Yuyama 1 982
Zielinska-Psuja et al, 1 979
Bhattahcaryya, 1991
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1999
Weigel etal 1987
Merah and Singhal, 1980
Rastogi etal 1977
Bakiy etal, 1992
Schumann et al., 1996
Dobryszycka etal., 1984
Mitra etal, 1995
Cousins etal., 1973
Raj anna etal, 1984
Sasseretal., 1985
Wilson etal 1940
Groten etal, 1991
Osuna and Edds, 1980
Steibert et al., 1984
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 978
Steibert et al., 1984
Suzuki and Yoshida, 1 978
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 979
Chmielnicka and Sowa, 1 996
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 979
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Iguchi and Sano, 1982
Webster, 1978
Kadnska etal, 1985
Lynch etal., 1976
Pond etal, 1973
Andoetal, 1978
Nakamura etal., 1983
Bams etal 1969
Bams etal 1969
Novell! etal, 1998
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 977
Weber and Reid 1969
632
655
670
632
591
597
797
778
677
507
3703
443
563
446
650
22300
710
569
797
25890
629
639
753
772
594
707
783
502
637
9321
825
615
494
543
768
543
572
780
21073
780
25891
556
824
19290
3711
583
801
638
3733
3733
19496
574
677
Mouse (Mus musculus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
6
3
3
5
5
3
3
4
4
6
5
4
4
5
4
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
5
4
4
6
4
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
UX
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
GV
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
OR
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
2
40
14
2
2
254
252
9
3
50
163
9
19
3
4
8
2
3
252
6
8
45
30
8
7
3
6
6
120
21
100
28
2
170
180
170
14
28
20
14
6
6
19
30
63
29
1
11
30
3
2
10
3
yr
d
w
yr
mo
d
d
w
w
w
d
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
mo
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
mo
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
mo
w
d
w
mo
d
w
7
NR
NR
10
5
68
70-1 OC
70
NR
8
4
5
NR
4-6
NR
21
5
NR
70-1 OC
1
NR
1
1
NR
57
3
1
55
6
5
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
64
NR
NR
5
15
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
w
w
d
d
d
NR
mo
mo
w
NR
mo
NR
d
w
NR
d
mo
NR
d
d
NR
d
mo
mo
d
w
mo
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
w
w
NR
NR
AD
SM
JV
GE
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
YO
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
B
B
M
M
M
B
M
B
M
M
F
M
M
M
NR
B
M
B
NR
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
NR
F
F
M
B
M
M
B
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
HRM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
HMGL
RBCE
Other
CALC
HMGL
CALC
CALC
PRTL
Other
CREA
HMCT
RBCE
SODI
ALPH
GENZ
GBCM
Other
TSTR
CALC
MCPR
AATT
GLUC
Other
CALC
HMGL
LADH
PCLV
HMCT
GLUC
GCHM
HMCT
AATT
HMGL
ACPH
HMGL
SCDH
HMGL
HMGL
MCPR
HMGL
MCPR
GENZ
PCLV
P450
ALAD
HMGL
CALC
GPTR
HMGL
HMGL
PRTL
HMGL
MADH
BL
BL
KI
BO
BL
FM
BO
US.
BO
US.
BL
BL
FM
LI
LI
BL
KI
SR
BO
LI
BL
BL
BR
FM
BL
KI
BL
BL
SR
LI
BL
PL
BL
LI
BL
LI
BL
BL
LI
BL
KI
BO
BL
LI
BL
BL
BO
SR
BL
BL
UR
LI
LI
0.042
0.218
0.268
0.438
0.467
0.548
0.623
0.810
0.815
0.833
0.928
1.00
1.04
1.36
2.18
2 22
2.65
5.40
6.23
6.29
0.176
0.556
1.34
11.8
2.33
5.48
6.23
2.15
4.08
4.17
1.73
10.0
5.18
4.36
4.45
10.6
54.0
12.6
0.0729
0.100
0.100
0.143
0.570
1.04
1.85
1.91
1.97
2.76
2.78
2.80
3.59
3.73
3.79
3.93
4.06
4.58
4.59
4.91
5.00
5.01
5.34
5.39
5.74
6.10
6.13
9.54
9.70
10.4
12.4
20.7
571
80
71
75
78
75
75
73
72
75
74
77
76
74
70
76
75
75
74
69
82
69
77
72
77
66
67
69
71
70
66
70
75
75
66
70
66
71
70
69
70
79
70
71
69
72
69
77
71
70
70
66
70
71
Behavior
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
King etal, 1992
Lind etal., 1997
King etal, 1992
Yuhasetall979
Cousins etal 1977
Koo and Winslow, 1983
Kotsonis and Klassen, 1978
Nation etal., 1984
Lamphere etal., 1984
Sawick-Kapusta et al, 1 987
Mahaffey etal., 1977
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Perry etal, 1977
Mitsumon et al., 1998
Lee etal., 1994
Osuna and Edds, 1980
488
685
488
776
670
12092
778
656
8980
820
14580
21111
3730
591
733
494
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
3
2
5
4
3
3
4
3
2
3
2
2
7
5
4
2
M
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
M
M
U
U
U
U
M
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
GV
FD
132
5
128
13
14
11
1
55
60
20
10
36
12
1
13
4
d
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
mo
mo
w
w
NR
NR
NR
35
NR
NR
70
80
9
NR
NR
27
21
5
60
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
d
d
mo
NR
NR
d
d
w
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
YO
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
NR
B
M
F
F
F
M
M
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
AVO
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
STIM
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
RRSP
FCNS
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
0.0216
0.0584
0.0793
0.0951
0.251
0.323
0.810
1.00
1.05
1.50
1.67
1.78
2.73
2.80
3.00
3.43
0.951
1.25
2.15
5.00
35.3
5.45
14.0
10.0
70
70
70
68
78
70
15
77
70
77
66
68
70
78
84
70
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 2 of5
Result #
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Reference
Suzuki and Yoshida, 1978
SorellandBraziano, 1990
Watanabe et al, 1986
Felinskaetal., 1995
Gustafson and Mercer, 1 984
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Watanabe et al, 1986
Machemer and Lorke, 1981
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1 999
Berry etal, 1999
Lindetal, 1997
Weigel etal 1987
Rastogi etal 1977
Ahokas etal 1980
Cousins etal., 1973
Zemck etal 1982
Mangier etal., 1988
Wilson etal 1940
Grotenetal, 1991
Steibert et al., 1984
Steibert et al., 1984
Meyer etal 1982
Webster, 1978
Lynch etal., 1976
Steibert et al., 1984
Pond etal, 1973
Freundt and Irbahim, 1990
Novelli etal, 1998
Bhattacharyya et al, 1988
Nation etal., 1990
Novelli etal, 1998
Pond and Walker, 1975
Nomiyama et al., 1975
Weber and Reid 1969
Ref
No.
572
822
632
796
551
25891
632
560
25890
453
685
629
753
669
502
661
521
825
615
543
543
662
824
3711
544
583
2640
21121
626
617
19496
3731
581
677
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
4
6
3
7
3
5
4
3
2
2
3
3
4
5
4
4
Method of Analyses
U
u
M
U
U
UX
M
U
UX
U
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
Route of Exposure
FD
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
OR
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
12
14
2
21
21
6
2
9
6
60
5
6
30
21
6
1
6
100
30
170
170
30
3
63
170
50
91
7
252
60
2
21
42
3
Duration Units
d
d
yr
d
d
w
yr
d
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
w
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
w
w
Q
I
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
1
10
4
1
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
55
100
28
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
68
50
15
12
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
mo
w
mo
mo
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
d
d
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
d
w
w
NR
NR
Lifestage
JV
GE
AD
GE
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
NR
JV
X
£
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
NR
F
M
M
F
M
B
F
F
M
F
M
F
NR
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
B
Effect Type
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
Effect Measure
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GBHV
FCNS
FCNS
NMVM
WCON
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
ACTP
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
Response Site
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
3.82
4.88
4.97
5.25
6.06
10.5
11.8
12.5
12.6
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
8.46
15.2
0.0480
0.0532
0.0744
0.100
0.207
1.58
1.85
2.63
2.78
2.80
3.73
3.93
5.44
5.62
5.74
5.82
5.83
6.89
7.20
15.5
9.15
12.4
16.8
17.0
571
1
74
74
70
69
79
73
70
68
70
67
79
72
75
68
74
68
69
73
78
69
69
74
74
75
68
73
68
68
74
73
69
74
73
74
Physiology
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
20
21
22
23
24
Wills etal 1981
King etal, 1992
King etal, 1992
Perry etal, 1977
Ahokas etal 1980
Sutou,etal, 1980
Sawick-Kapusta et al, 1987
Lee etal., 1994
Kotsonis andKlassen, 1978
Ogoshietal, 1989
Weigel etal 1987
Mercado and Bibby 1 973
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Ogoshietal., 1989
Wilson etal 1940
Mitra etal, 1995
Wilson etal 1940
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 978
Meyer etal 1982
Wilson etal 1940
Eakm etal 1980
646
488
488
3730
669
443
820
733
778
720
629
757
15061
720
825
783
825
768
662
825
659
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
3
5
7
4
4
3
4
4
6
3
u
M
M
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
GV
FD
GV
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
64
132
128
6
21
4
20
13
24
4
5
50
17
4
50
6
50
180
30
85
16
w
d
d
mo
d
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
mo
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
w
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
5
NR
60
70
24
NR
23
21
21
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
w
NR
d
d
w
NR
d
d
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
F
M
F
F
M
B
M
M
NR
M
M
B
F
M
NR
M
M
M
M
M
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
BLPR
FDCV
FDCV
BLPR
FDCV
FDCV
MEEN
GPHY
HTRT
GPHY
FDCV
GPHY
BLPR
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
HYDR
FDCV
GPHY
BLPR
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
EY
HE
FM
wo
wo
wo
FM
TH
BL
TH
TB
WO
TH
WO
0.00690
0.0216
0.0634
0.100
0.207
1.00
1.50
3.00
6.44
17.1
0.250
1.57
10.0
35.3
10.0
0.0744
0.565
0.569
0.581
1.42
1.85
2.76
3.79
5.44
5.51
13.2
68
70
69
70
71
79
77
84
69
67
72
67
67
67
72
72
72
73
74
72
68
Pa hology
25
26
27
28
29
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
Wills etal 1981
Lindetal., 1997
Watanabe et al, 1986
Sorell and Braziano, 1 990
Sutou,etal, 1980
Rastogi etal 1977
Yuyama 1 982
Mitsumon et al., 1998
Watanabe et al, 1986
Meyer etal 1982
Pngge etal., 1977
Wilson etal 1940
Takizawa etal 1981
Raj anna etal, 1984
646
685
632
822
443
753
710
591
632
662
779
825
775
637
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
5
4
4
3
4
5
6
3
4
6
3
4
U
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
FD
64
5
2
14
13
30
2
2
2
30
48
100
180
180
w
w
yr
d
w
d
w
mo
yr
d
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
10
NR
5
1
5
5
7
NR
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
NR
w
NR
w
d
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
AD
JV
GE
JV
B
F
F
F
F
NR
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
HIS
ORW
HIS
GRS
HIS
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORW
GRS
ORW
HIS
ORW
GHIS
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
NCRO
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
GHIS
SMTX
BDWT
ORWT
GHIS
ORWT
KI
LI
BO
WO
LI
BR
LI
KI
BO
HE
WO
HE
KI
KI
0.00690
0.0584
0.221
0.651
1.00
1.00
2.65
2.98
4.97
5.44
5.51
5.55
5.81
5.95
5.85
4.88
10.0
10.6
14.9
10.9
11.0
11.2
23.3
68
70
79
72
79
75
78
78
70
80
70
79
72
73
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 3 of5
Result #
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
160
161
162
Reference
Gustafson and Mercer, 1 984
Kotsonis and Klassen, 1 978
Hokawaetal., 1978
Hamadaetal, 1991
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1999
Seidenbergetall986
Dodds-Smith et al., 1992
Perry etal, 1977
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1969
Dobryszycka etal., 1984
Mahaffey etal., 1977
Mitra etal, 1995
Swiergosz etal 1998
Mangier etal., 1988
Suzuki and Yoshida 197 8
Steibertetal., 1984
Webster, 1978
Steibertetal., 1984
Novelli etal, 1998
Iguchi and Sano, 1982
Kajikawaetal 1981
Nomiyama et al., 1975
Van Vleet etal, 1981
Ref
No.
551
778
769
465
25891
25890
113
2069
3730
15061
707
14580
783
506
521
768
543
824
544
21121
556
667
581
149
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Shrew (Sorex araneus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
# of Cone/ Doses
7
4
2
6
3
3
Method of Analyses
U
u
u
u
ux
ux
u
u
u
u
u
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
DR
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
21
24
60
9
6
6
4
12
18
30
12
10
6
6
12
180
170
19
170
7
8
91
42
10
Duration Units
d
w
d
yr
w
w
d
w
mo
mo
mo
w
w
mo
mo
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
Q
I
NR
70
NR
6-8
1
1
NR
NR
21
21
3
NR
1
5
28
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
d
NR
mo
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
d
mo
NR
mo
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
YO
JV
NR
JV
X
£
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
B
F
B
B
M
NR
M
F
M
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
Effect Type
ORW
ORW
GRS
ms
ORW
ORW
GRS
ORW
ORW
ms
ms
ORW
ORW
ms
ms
ORW
ms
GRS
ms
ORW
HIS
ms
GRS
ms
Effect Measure
SMIX
SMIX
BDWT
GHIS
ORWT
ORWT
BDWT
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
NCRO
SMIX
SMIX
GHIS
GHIS
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
GHIS
ORWT
GHIS
NPHR
BDWT
GLSN
Response Site
LI
KI
WO
KI
KI
LI
WO
KI
LI
KI
KI
LI
KI
LI
KI
IN
LI
WO
KI
KI
BO
KI
WO
HE
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
6.06
6.44
9.0
10.0
10.5
11.5
41.1
120
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
15.2
50.0
0.0706
0.569
1.0
1.67
1.8
1.87
2.7
3.8
3.9
5.4
5.8
7.20
10.0
14.7
17.0
21.3
1
79
69
66
81
82
78
70
69
69
67
70
66
72
73
69
73
69
74
68
68
73
68
73
72
Reproduction
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
Wills etal 1981
Webster, 1988
SorellandBraziano, 1990
Combs etal, 1983
Sutou,etal, 1980
Sutou etal, 1980
Sawicka-Kapusta et al 1 994
Ahokas etal 1980
Loeser and Lorke 1 977
Baranski and Sitarek, 1987
Baranski et al, 1983
Zielinska-Psuja et al, 1979
Sasseretal, 1985
Machemer and Lorke, 1981
Kotsonis and Klassen, 1 978
Zemck etal 1982
Caflisch, 1994
Machemer and Lorke, 1981
Desi etal, 1998
Cornwall etal, 1984
Seidenberg etal 1986
Wardell etal., 1982
Simmons etal, 1984
Wheltonetal, 1988
Webster, 1978
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1 97 1
Swiergosz etal 1998
Hastings et al, 1978
Steibertetal., 1984
Mallol etal., 1984
Webster, 1979
Steibertetal., 1984
Gupta etal., 1993
Saxena, etal. 1989
Pond and Walker, 1975
646
525
822
643
443
647
694
669
754
809
641
569
9321
560
778
661
607
560
592
651
113
748
652
625
824
66
506
571
543
550
823
544
608
2857
3731
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
3
4
5
4
4
3
4
4
2
2
5
4
3
4
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
DR
DR
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
GV
DR
DR
DR
FD
GV
GV
GV
GV
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
64
60
14
57
6
6
6
21
3
7
8
3
21
9
24
11
40
9
16
13
4
12
13
252
19
6
6
111
170
25
19
170
28
120
21
w
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
mo
w
w
mo
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
NR
8
NR
NR
5
5
NR
NR
NR
3
3
NR
5
4
70
100
NR
4
12
NR
NR
NR
NR
68
NR
21
5
NR
NR
2
NR
7
NR
NR
12
NR
w
NR
NR
w
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
mo
mo
d
d
NR
mo
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
mo
NR
NR
w
NR
w
NR
NR
w
GE
GE
GE
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
AD
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
GE
JV
GE
B
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
B
F
F
F
M
F
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
PROG
PRWT
PRWT
TEWT
Other
RSEM
DEYO
PRWT
SPCL
GREP
RSEM
TEWT
PRWT
FERT
PRFM
SPCL
TEWT
FERT
PRWT
RSEM
PRWT
RSEM
RSEM
PROG
PRWT
DEYO
SPCL
PRWT
PRWT
TEWT
PRWT
PRWT
PRWT
SPCL
PRWT
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
SM
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
SM
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
0.0069
0.0939
0.651
0.890
1.00
1.00
1.14
1.57
2.53
4.00
4.00
5.40
6.00
6.13
6.44
7.41
11.4
12.5
13.9
25.0
41.1
50.0
50.0
15.6
4.88
10.0
10.0
2.28
4.50
40.0
54.0
10.0
18.4
75
0.661
1.42
1.45
1.87
2.14
3.93
4.61
5.59
5.82
6.30
7.28
236
74
76
78
70
85
90
84
79
70
85
72
83
81
92
66
67
74
74
77
79
80
92
77
79
80
67
79
68
75
73
74
74
73
69
80
Growth
198
199
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Wills etal 1981
Vremanetal, 1988
Vremanetal, 1988
Vremanetal, 1988
Lind etal., 1997
King etal, 1992
Merali and Smghal, 1980
Rastogi etal 1977
Williams etal 197 8
Ahokas etal 1980
646
471
471
471
685
488
639
753
483
669
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
4
u
M
M
M
M
M
U
U
u
u
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
64
330
328
330
5
128
7
30
40
21
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
B
M
M
M
F
F
M
NR
NR
F
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
0.00690
0.00792
0.00884
0.0187
0.0584
0.0793
0.100
0.100
0.179
0.207
1.0
1.0
1.6
72
69
69
69
74
74
88
83
69
75
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 4 of5
Result #
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
Reference
Cousins et al 1977
Koo and Winslow, 1983
Baranski and Sitarek, 1 987
Doyle etal, 1974
Williams et all 97 8
Williams etal 197 8
Ogoshietal., 1989
Schroeder etal, 1963
Perry etal, 1977
Yuhasetall979
Combs etal, 1983
Combs etal, 1983
Sutou,etal, 1980
Takashima etal 1980
Bhattacharyya et al, 1988
Loeser and Lorke, 1977
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1983
Machemer and Lorke, 1981
Mitra etal, 1995
Mangier etal., 1988
Loeser and Lorke 1 977
Yuyamal982
Washko and Cousins 1977
Lee etal., 1994
Mitsumon et al., 1998
Steibertetal., 1984
Cousins etal., 1973
Chetty etal, 1980
Koller and Roan, 1977
Watanabe et al, 1986
Swiergosz etal 1998
Zielinska-Psuja et al, 1979
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1983
Gustafson and Mercer, 1 984
Blakely, 1984
Zemck etal 1982
Weber and Reid 1969
Ogoshietal., 1989
Tanaka etal 1995
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Watanabe et al, 1986
Machemer and Lorke, 1981
Kodama etal., 1989
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1 999
Ogoshietal., 1989
King etal, 1992
Nation etal., 1990
Exonetal., 1979
Hamadaetal, 1991
Weigel etal 1987
Bakry etal, 1992
Smith etal, 1985
Rajanna etal, 1984
Grotenetal, 1991
Wilson etal 1940
OsunaandEdds, 1980
Pond etal, 1973
Suzuki and Yoshida, 1978
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 979
Suzuki and Yoshida 197 8
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 979
Meyer etal 1982
Lynch etal., 1976
Steibertetal., 1984
Andoetal., 1978
Freundt and Irbahim, 1 990
Nakamura etal., 1983
Bams etal 1969
Iguchi and Sano, 1982
Bams etal 1969
Eakin etal 1980
Ref
No.
670
12092
809
3703
483
483
720
14446
3730
776
643
643
443
563
626
446
21111
560
783
521
754
710
770
733
591
543
502
650
814
632
506
569
21111
551
547
661
677
720
690
25891
632
560
507
25890
720
488
617
3847
465
629
772
636
637
615
825
494
583
572
780
768
780
662
3711
544
801
2640
638
3733
556
3733
659
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus muscutus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus muscutus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus muscutus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus muscutus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus ')
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
3
3
5
5
3
2
3
2
7
4
5
5
4
4
3
5
2
5
2
2
5
4
2
4
5
2
5
4
4
6
3
3
2
7
4
4
4
6
3
3
5
4
6
3
3
3
Method of Analyses
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
ux
M
U
u
ux
u
M
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
M
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
DR
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
14
11
12
163
40
40
4
32
24
2
57
57
6
19
252
3
36
9
6
18
3
2
8
8
4
170
6
4
70
2
6
3
330
21
3
80
3
4
5
6
2
9
250
6
4
132
61
6
9
6
2
14
180
7
25
4
50
14
28
9
14
30
63
170
2
5
11
30
8
3
16
Duration Units
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
mo
w
d
d
w
mo
d
mo
d
d
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
d
d
w
w
d
yr
mo
mo
d
d
w
d
w
w
mo
w
yr
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
w
w
d
w
w
w
Q
£
NR
NR
3
4
NR
NR
21
28
21
35
NR
NR
5
NR
68
4-6
27
2
1
28
NR
5
NR
60
5
NR
55
NR
28
7
5
NR
27
NR
6
100
NR
24
3
1
10
4
8
1
2
NR
50
NR
6-8
NR
NR
5
6
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
7
64
NR
NR
NR
NR
5
NR
Age Units
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
w
NR
d
mo
d
mo
mo
d
NR
w
NR
d
w
mo
d
NR
d
w
mo
NR
d
NR
w
d
NR
w
w
mo
w
mo
mo
mo
yr
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
d
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
NR
JV
YO
JV
JV
X
£
M
M
F
M
NR
NR
F
B
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
B
F
F
NR
F
B
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
NR
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
B
NR
M
M
F
F
B
M
NR
F
M
M
B
M
B
M
M
B
M
M
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
M
B
M
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
DVP
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
Effect Measure
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
GDPV
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
BO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
BO
wo
FM
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
EY
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
BO
wo
wo
wo
TB
wo
wo
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
0.268
0.323
0.400
0.448
0.478
0.579
0.581
0.593
0.645
0.770
0.890
0.890
1.00
1.04
1.08
1.36
1.78
1.84
1.85
2 22
2.53
2.65
2.78
3.00
3.08
3.73
4.05
4.36
4.44
4.97
4.99
5.40
5.54
6.06
7.23
7.38
8.53
8.54
8.61
10.5
11.8
12.5
12.5
12.6
16.9
21.3
31.3
43.0
50.0
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
1.3
4.0
0.909
1.2
1.6
7.70
10.0
5.2
10.8
6.13
10.6
10.0
15.4
12.1
8.71
44.4
54.0
15.2
17.1
85.9
100
0.0744
0.143
1.00
1.97
3.01
3.21
3.43
3.88
4.06
4.58
5.08
5.18
5.44
5.74
5.82
6.13
6.89
9.54
9.70
10.0
10.4
13.2
1
82
72
83
80
69
69
77
66
74
72
69
69
83
81
82
68
72
88
76
73
68
82
72
88
82
73
84
83
76
74
68
81
72
83
71
72
69
77
73
82
74
72
68
83
67
74
68
73
87
76
84
84
77
82
77
83
78
78
77
77
77
78
79
72
84
72
78
77
77
77
72
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 5 of5
Result #
279
280
281
282
283
284
Reference
Kajikawaetal 1981
Pond and Walker, 1975
Suzuki and Yoshida 1 977
Van Vleetetal, 1981
Dodds-Smith et al, 1992
Weber and Reid 1969
Ref
No.
667
3731
574
149
440
677
Test Organism
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig(Susscrofa)
Shrew (Sorex araneus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
# of Cone/ Doses
4
Method of Analyses
U
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
91
21
10
2
12
3
Duration Units
w
d
d
w
w
w
Q
I
NR
12
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
X
£
M
F
M
M
B
B
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Measure
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
NOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
LOAEL Dose
(mg/kg bw/day)
14.7
16.8
20.7
75.8
103
571
1
72
78
77
77
77
78
Survival
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
Wills et all 981
Loeser and Lorke, 1977
Swiergoszetall998
Mangier etal, 1988
Loeser and Lorke 1 977
Grotenetal, 1991
Baranski and Sitarek, 1987
Baranski et al, 1983
Wheltonetal, 1988
Sutou,etal, 1980
Sasseretal, 1985
Machemer and Lorke, 1981
Van Vleetetal, 1981
Seidenberg etal 1986
Cousins etal., 1973
Dodds-Smith et al., 1992
Weber and Reid 1969
Schroeder etal, 1963
Schroeder etal, 1964
Lynch etal., 1976
646
446
506
521
754
615
809
641
625
443
9321
560
149
113
502
440
677
14446
14447
3711
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig(Susscrofa)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Shrew (Sorex araneus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Cattle (Bos taurus )
3
5
3
2
5
2
5
4
3
4
4
4
2
2
5
2
4
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
GV
DR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
OR
64
3
6
18
3
56
13
8
252
6
21
9
10
4
6
12
3
6
18
63
w
mo
mo
mo
mo
d
w
w
d
w
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
mo
mo
d
NR
4-6
5
28
NR
5
3
3
68
5
5
4
NR
NR
55
NR
NR
28
21
NR
NR
mo
mo
d
NR
w
mo
mo
d
w
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
d
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
M
F
B
B
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
F
M
B
B
M
B
M
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
0.00690
1.36
1.87
2 22
2.53
2.61
4.00
4.00
6.61
10.0
10.0
12.5
21.3
41.1
67.3
103
571
4.99
40.0
2160
0.551
0.620
5.74
73
78
84
74
69
83
84
76
78
85
74
73
77
79
70
78
83
67
73
80
AATT= alanine aminotransferase; ACPH = acid phosphatase; ACTP = accuracy of learned behavior; AD = adult; ALAD = (delta) -aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase; ALPH =
alkaline phosphatase; AVO = avoidance; B = both; BL = blood; BDWT = body weight changes; BEH = behavior; BL = blood; BLPR = blood pressure; BO = bone; BR = brain; bw
= body weight; CALC = calcium; CHM = chemical changes; CREA = creatinine; d- day; DEYO = death of young; DR = Drinking water; DVP = development; ENZ = enyzme
level changes; EY= eye; F = female; FCNS = food consumption; FD = food; FOB = feeding behavior; FDCV = food conversion efficiency; PERT = fertility; FM = femur; FOOD
= food avoidance; G6PG = glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GBCM = general biochemical changes; GBFTV = general behavioral changes; GDVP = general development; GE
= gestation; GENZ = general enzyme changes; GFflS = general histology; GLUC = glucose; GLSN = gross lesions; GMPH = general morphology; GPHY = general pysiology
changes; GPTR = glutamic pyruvic transaminase; GREP = general reproductive effect; GRO = growth; GRS = gross body weight changes; GV = gavage;
F£E = heart; FflS = histological changes; HMCT = hematocrit; HMGL = hemoglobin; HRTR = heart rate; FfYDR = hydration; HRM = hormone changes; IN = intestinal tract; JV =
juvenile; kg = kilograms; KI = kidney; L = liter; LADH = lactate dehydrogenase; LI = liver; LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level; mo = months; M = male; M =
measured; MA = mature; MADH = malic dehydrogenase; MCPR = microsomal proteins; MEEN = metabolizable energy; MOR = effects on mortality and survival; MORT =
mortality; MPH = morphology; NCRO = necrosis; NEUT = neutrophil; NMVM = number of movements; NOAEL = No Observed Advese Effect Level; NORE = norephinephrine;
NPHR = nephrosis; NR = Not reported; ODVP = offspring development; OR = other oral; ORW = organ weight changes; ORWT = organ weight changes; P450 = changes in
cytochrome P450; PCLV = packed cell volume; PHOS = phosphate; PHST = phospholipid content, total; PHY = physiology; PL = plasma; POTA = potassium; PRFM = sexual
performance; PROG = progeny numbers/counts; PRTL = protein level; PRWT = progeny weight; PTH = pathology; RBCE = red blood cell count;
REP = reproduction; RRSP = righting response; RSEM = resorbed embryos; SCDH = succinate dehydrogenase; SM = sperm; SM = sexually mature; SMIX = weight relative to
body weight; SODI = sodium; SPCL = sperm cell counts; SR = serum; STTM = response to stimulus; SURV = survival; TB = tibia; TDTH = time to death; TE = testes; TSTR =
testosterone; TEWT = testes weight; TSTR = testosterone; U = unmeasured; UR = urine; UX = measured but values not reported; w = weeks; WCON = water consumption; WO
= whole organism; YO = young; yr = year.
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
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Within the 145 papers there are 304 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH), physiology
(PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) endpoints
with a total Data Evaluation Score >65 that were used to derive the TRY (U.S. EPA 2003;
Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 6.1 and correspond directly with the data
presented in Table 6.1. The NOAEL results for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a
geometric mean NOAEL. This geometric mean is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded
LOAEL for reproduction, growth, and survival to derive the TRY according to the Eco-SSL
guidance (U.S. EPA 2003; Attachment 4-5).
A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth was calculated at 1.86 mg
cadmium/kg bw/day. However, this value is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for
reproduction, growth, or mortality results. Therefore, the TRY is equal to the highest bounded
NOAEL below the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth, or survival, and is equal to
0.770 mg cadmium/kg bw/day.
6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL
Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for mammalian wildlife, one for each of three
surrogate receptor groups representing different trophic levels. The mammalian Eco-SSLs
derived for cadmium were calculated according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003;
Attachment 4-5) and are summarized in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Calculation of the Mammalian Eco-SSLs for Cadmium
Surrogate Receptor
Group
Mammalian
herbivore (vole)
Mammalian ground
insectivore (shrew)
Mammalian
carnivore (weasel)
TRY for
Cadmium
(mg dw/kg
bw/d) 1
0.770
0.770
0.770
Food Ingestion
Rate (FIR)2
(kg dw/kg
bw/d)
0.0875
0.209
0.130
Soil Ingestion as
Proportion of
Diet (Ps)2
0.032
0.030
0.043
Concentration of
Cadmium in Biota
Type (i)2'3
(B,)
(mg/kg dw)
ln(Bj) = 0.546 *
ln(Soilj) - 0.475
where i = plants
ln(Bj) = 0.795 *
ln(Soilj) + 2.114
where i = earthworms
111(60 = 0.4723 *
ln(Soilj)- 1.2571
where i = mammals
Eco-SSL
(mg/kg dw)4
73
0.36
84
1 The process for derivation of wildlife TRVs is described in Attachment 4-5 of U.S. EPA (2003).
2 Parameters (FIR, Ps, Bj values, regressions) are provided in U.S. EPA (2003) Attachment 4-1 (revised February 2005).
3 B; = Concentration in biota type (i) which represents 100% of the diet for the respective receptor.
4 HQ = FIR * (Soilj * Ps + Bj) / TRY) solved for HQ=1 where Soil, = Eco-SSL (Equation 4-2; U.S. EPA, 2003).
NA = Not Applicable
Eco-SSL for Cadmium
18
March 2005
-------
Figure 6.1 Mammalian TRV Derivation for Cadmium
10000.000
Biochemical (BIO)
Physiology (PHY)
Pathology (PTH)
Reproduction (REP)
Growth (GRO)
Mortality (MOR)
BIO-NOAEL OBIO-LOAEL »BEH-NOAEL OBEH-LOAEL OPHY-NOAEL PHY-LOAEL OPTH-NOAEL PTH-LOAEL »REP-NOAEL OREP-LOAEL OORO-NOAEL ORO-LOAEL OMOR-NOAEL MOR-LOAEL
WUdUfe TRV Derivation Process
Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Paired values from same study when joined by line
No-Observed Adverse Effect Dose
Data Evaluation Score
1) There are at least three results available for two test species within the growth, reproduction, and mortality effect groups.
There are enough data to derive a TRV.
2) There are three NOAEL results available within the growth and reproduction effect groups for calculation of a geometric mean.
4) The geometric mean is equal to 1.86 mg cadmium /kg bw/d but is higher than the lowest bounded LOAEL for results within the reproduction, growth, and survival (MOR) effect groups.
5) The mammalian wildlife TRV for cadmium is equal to 0.770 mg cadmium/kg bw/day which is the highest bounded NOAEL lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth, or survival.
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
19
March 2005
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This Page Intentionally Left Blank
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7.0 REFERENCES
7.1 General Cadmium References
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Ecotoxicity of Cadmium, Chlorpyrifos and Triphenyltin Hydroxide for Four Clones of the Parthenogenetic
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7.3 References Rejected for Use in Deriving Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs
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Allus, M. A., Brereton, R. G., and Nickless, G. 1988. Chemometric studies of the effect of toxic
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No Control Andersson, A. and Pettersson, O. 1981. Cadmium in Swedish Winter Wheat. Regional Differences
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No ERE Carlson, R. W. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1977. Growth Reduction in American Sycamore (Plantanus
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No ERE Carlson, R. W. and Rolfe, G. L. 1979. Growth of Rye Grass and Fescue as Affected by Lead-
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Who Working Group. 1992. Cadmium - Environmental Aspects. Environmental Health Criteria.
135: 156p.
Wiegant, F. A. C., Souren, J. E. M., Van Rijn, J., and Van Wijk, R. Stressor-specific Induction of
Heat Shock Proteins in Rat Hepatoma Cells. Toxicology (1994) 94(1-3): 143-59.
Wiemeyer, S. N., Jurek, R. M., and Moore, J. F. 1986. Environmental Contaminants in Surrogates
Foods and Feathers of California Condors Gymnogyps-californianus. Environ Monit Assess. 6(1):
P91-111.
Abstract Wiener, S. L., Shahoda, P., and Venton, D. 1984. Inhibition of an Inflammatory Fluid and Cell
Growth Inhibitor and Cytocidal Factor by Zinc-ii or Cadmium-ii or Mixtures of Metals. 24th
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology, Kansas City, Mo., Lisa, Nov. 12-16,
1984. JCellBiol. 99 (4 Part 2).: 390a.
No Oral Wight, P. A. L., Dewar, W. A., Saunderson, C. L., Wiemeyer, S. N., Jurek, R. M., and Moore, J. F.
1986. Zinc Toxicity in the Fowl Ultrastructural Pathology and Relationship to Selenium Cadmium
and Copper: Environmental Contaminants in Surrogates Foods and Feathers of California Condors
Gymnogyps-californianus. Avian Pathol. 15(1): 23-38.
Rev Wilber, C. G. 1980. Toxicology of Selenium: a Review. Clin. Toxicol. 17(2): 171-230.
Unrel Williams Peter J, Pittman Quentin J, and Macvicar Brian A(a). 1993. Blockade by Funnel Web
Toxin of a Calcium Current in the Intermediate Pituitary of the Rat. Neuroscience Letters
157(2): 171-174.
Species Williams, Phillip L. and Dusenbery, David B. 1988. Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans
to Predict Mammalian Acute Lethality to Metallic Salts. Toxicol. Ind. Health (1988) 4(4): 469-
78.
Rev
Williams, S. N. and Mcdowell, L. R. 1985. Newly Discovered and Toxic Elements. Animal
Feeding and Nutrition: Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates. 317-338.
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
207
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Sed Winger, P. V., Lasier, P. I, White, D. H., and Seginak, J. T. 2000. Effects of Contaminants in
Dredge Material from the Lower Savannah River . Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 38(1): 128-
136.
Surv Winger, P. V(a), Lasier, P. J., White, D. H., and Seginak, J. T. 2000. Effects of Contaminants in
Dredge Material from the Lower Savannah River. Archives of Environmental Contamination and
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Surv Winkler, V. C., Rambeck, W. A., Kollmer, W. E., and Zucker, H. 1984. Cadmium Retention in
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Futtermittelkd. 51(4-5): P250-256.
FL Winter, R. and Piskorska, D. 1984. Effects of Low Doses of Cadmium and Cadmium on the
Activities of Glyoxalase land Glyoxalase li in Liver and Brain of Rats. MedPr; 35 (3). 35(3):
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Model Witschi, H. P., Tryka, A. F., and Lindenschmidt, R. C. \9%4.many Faces of an Increase in Lung
Collagen
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No Oral Wolkowski, R. M. 1974. Differential Cadmium-induced Embryotoxicity in Two Inbred Mouse
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No Oral Wolkowski-tyl, R. and Preston, S. F. 1979. The Interaction of Cadmium-binding Proteins (Cd-bp)
and Progesterone in Cadmium-induced Tissue and Embryo Toxicity. Teratology. 20(3): 341-
351.
Diss Wong, King Lit. 1980. Toxicity of Cadmium in Newborn Rats. Dissertation: 161.
No Oral Wong, King-lit, Cachia, Richard, and Klaassen, Curtis D. 1980. Comparison of the Toxicity and
Tissue Distribution of Cadmium in Newborn and Adult Rats after Repeated Administration.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 56(3): 317-325.
Dead Wren, C. D. 1984. Distribution of Metals in Tissues of Beaver, Raccoon and Otter from Ontario,
Canada. Sci Total Environ. 34(1-2): 177-184.
Phys Wright, F. C., Palmer, J. S., Riner, J. C., Haufler, M., Miller, J. A., and Mcbeth, C. A. 1977.
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Gene Wronska-nofer, T., Wisniewska-knypl, J. M., and Dziubaltowska, E. Genotoxicity of Cadmium
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Administration of Cadmium to Female Mice in Their Pups. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2(1): 1-6.
FL Yamada, A. 1982. Studies on Effects of Cadmium on Calcification Figure of Rabbit Dentin.
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FL Yamada, H. 1972. Experimental Studies on Cadmium Poisoning: Influence of Pregnancy and
Susceptibility in Different Strains of Mice. Nichidai Igaku Zasshi. 31: 1201-1213.
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Acu Yamano, T., Shimizu, M., and Noda, T. 1998. Age-related Change in Cadmium-induced
Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats: Role of Kupffer Cells and Neutrophils. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
151(1): 9-15.
CP Yancey, I, Kendall, R., and Driver, C. 1983. Effects of Dietary Cadmium and Protein on
Reproduction and on Tissue Levels of Cadmium in the Bobwhite Quail, Colinus Virginianus.
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Acu Yanez, Leticia, Carrizales, Leticia, Zanatta, Maria Teresa, De Jesus Mejia, Jose, Batres, Lilia, and
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FL Yang, C., Xiong, X., and Zhang, M. 1996. Histological and Histochemical Observation of the
Harmful Effects of Cadmium on Rat Kidney. Tongji Yike Daxue Xuebao. 25(1): 47-49.
FL Yokoyama, E., Ohno, M., Takagi, T., Nakahara, T., Endo, T., and Nishikawa, S. 1982. Effect of
Cadmium on the Gestation of Mice. Nichidai Igaku Zasshi. 41(1): 19-26.
Acu Yoshikawa, Hiroshi. Preventive Effect of Pretreatment with Low Dose of Metals on the Acute
Toxicity of Metals in Mice. Ind. Health (1970) 8(4): 184-91.
No Oral Yoshizuka, M., Hamasaki, K., Tanaka, I., Yokoyama, M., Doi, Y., Kara, K., Mori, N., Miyazaki,
M., and Fujimoto, S. 1992. The Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on the Uterine Blood Vessels of
Pregnant Rats. BiomedRes (Aligarh). 3(2): 181-187.
CP Yoshizuka, M., Maruyama, T., Mori, N., Ueda, H., and Fujimoto, S. 1989. Cadmium Toxicity on
the Aortic Media of Pregnant Rats Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.
Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Vol. 295. Cells and Tissues: a Three-dimensional
Approach by Modern Techniques in Microscopy; Viiith International Symposium on Morphological
Sciences, Rome, Italy, July 10-15, 1988.: 481-486.
No Oral Yoshizuka, M., McCarthy, K. J., and Kaye, G. I. 1990. Cadmium Toxicity to the Cornea of
Pregnant Rats: Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis. Anatomical Record. 111'. 138-43.
No Oral Yoshizuka, M., Mori, N., Hamasaki, K., Tanaka, I., Yokoyama, M., Kara, K., Doi, Y., Umezu, Y.
I., and Araki, H. 1991. Cadmium Toxicity in the Thyroid Gland of Pregnant Rats. ExpMol
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InVit Young, R. J A, Bodt, B. A., andHeitkamp, D. H. 1995. Action of Metallic Ions on the Precocious
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Other Elements in Tissues of Guinea Pigs Fed Crown Vetch Grown Adjacent to a Highway.
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Concentrations of Cd, Cu and Znin Rats Exposed to Cadmium Chloride. A eta Academiae
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FL Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of Nutritional Deficiencies on the Toxicity of Cadmium and Cadmium
in Experimental Rats. Partlii. Enzymic Studies on Blood Serum. Bromatol. Chem. Toksykol.
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in Experimental Rats. Partlv. Metal Content in Animal Tissues. Bromatol. Chem. Toksykol.
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Mix Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of Nutritional Deficiency on the Toxicity of Cadmium and Cadmium
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Eco-SSL for Cadmium 210 March 2005
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Eco-SSL for Cadmium 211 March 2005
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Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ABSTRACT
(Abstract)
ACUTE STUDIES
(Acu)
AIR POLLUTION
(AirP)
ALTERED RECEPTOR
(Alt)
AQUATIC STUDIES
(Aquatic)
ANATOMICAL STUDIES
(Anat)
BACTERIA
(Bact)
BIOACCUMULATION
SURVEY
(Bio Ace)
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT
(BioP)
BIOMARKER
(Biom)
CARCINOGENICITY
STUDIES
(Carcin)
CHEMICAL METHODS
(Chem Meth)
CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
(CP)
DEAD
(Dead)
DISSERTATIONS
(Diss)
DRUG
(Drug)
DUPLICATE DATA
(Dup)
Description
Abstracts of journal publications or conference
presentations.
Single oral dose or exposure duration of three days or less.
Studies describing the results for air pollution studies.
Studies that describe the effects of the contaminant on
surgically-altered or chemically -modified receptors (e.g.,
right nephrectomy, left renal artery ligature, hormone
implant, etc.).
Studies that investigate toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Studies of anatomy. Instance where the contaminant is
used in physical studies (e.g., silver nitrate staining for
histology).
Studies on bacteria or susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Studies reporting the measurement of the concentration of
the contaminant in tissues.
Studies of biological toxicants, including venoms, fungal
toxins, Bacillus thuringiensis, other plant, animal, or
microbial extracts or toxins.
Studies reporting results for a biomarker having no
reported association with an adverse effect and an
exposure dose (or concentration).
Studies that report data only for carcinogenic endpoints
such as tumor induction. Papers that report systemic
toxicity data are retained for coding of appropriate
endpoints.
Studies reporting methods for determination of
contaminants, purification of chemicals, etc. Studies
describing the preparation and analysis of the contaminant
in the tissues of the receptor.
Studies reported in conference and symposium
proceedings.
Studies reporting results for dead organisms. Studies
reporting field mortalities with necropsy data where it is
not possible to establish the dose to the organism.
Dissertations are excluded. However, dissertations are
flagged for possible future use.
Studies reporting results for testing of drug and therapeutic
effects and side-effects. Therapeutic drugs include
vitamins and minerals. Studies of some minerals may be
included if there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies reporting results that are duplicated in a separate
publication. The publication with the earlier year is used.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
(Ecol)
EFFLUENT
(Effl)
ECOLOGICALLY
RELEVANT ENDPOINT
(ERE)
CONTAMINANT
FATE/METABOLISM
(Fate)
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(FL)
FOOD STUDIES
(Food)
FUNGUS
(Fungus)
GENE
(Gene)
HUMAN HEALTH
(HHE)
IMMUNOLOGY
(IMM)
INVERTEBRATE
(Invert)
IN VITRO
(In Vit)
LEAD SHOT
(Lead shot)
MEDIA
(Media)
METHODS
(Meth)
MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
(Mineral)
MIXTURE
(Mix)
Description
Studies of ecological processes that do not investigate
effects of contaminant exposure (e.g., studies of "silver"
fox natural history; studies on ferrets identified in iron
search).
Studies reporting effects of effluent, sewage, or polluted
runoff.
Studies reporting a result for endpoints considered as
ecologically relevant but is not used for deriving Eco-SSLs
(e.g., behavior, mortality).
Studies reporting what happens to the contaminant, rather
than what happens to the organism. Studies describing the
intermediary metabolism of the contaminant (e.g.,
radioactive tracer studies) without description of adverse
effects.
Studies in languages other than English.
Food science studies conducted to improve production of
food for human consumption.
Studies on fungus.
Studies of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and
mutagenicity).
Studies with human subjects.
Studies on the effects of contaminants on immuno logical
endpoints.
Studies that investigate the effects of contaminants on
terrestrial invertebrates are excluded.
In vitro studies, including exposure of cell cultures,
excised tissues and/or excised organs.
Studies administering lead shot as the exposure form.
These studies are labeled separately for possible later
retrieval and review.
Authors must report that the study was conducted using
natural or artificial soil. Studies conducted in pore water or
any other aqueous phase (e.g., hydroponic solution), filter
paper, petri dishes, manure, organic or histosoils (e.g., peat
muck, humus), are not considered suitable for use in
defining soil screening levels.
Studies reporting methods or methods development
without usable toxicity test results for specific endpoints.
Studies examining the minerals required for better
production of animals for human consumption, unless
there is potential for adverse effects.
Studies that report data for combinations of single
toxicants (e.g. cadmium and copper) are excluded.
Exposure in a field setting from contaminated natural soils
or waste application to soil may be coded as Field Survey.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
MODELING
(Model)
NO CONTAMINANT OF
CONCERN
(No COC)
NO CONTROL
(No Control)
NO DATA
(No Data)
NO DOSE or CONC
(No Dose)
NO DURATION
(No Dur)
NO EFFECT
(No Efct)
NO ORAL
(No Oral)
NO ORGANISM
(No Org) or NO SPECIES
NOT AVAILABLE
(Not Avail)
NOT PRIMARY
(Not Prim)
NO TOXICANT
(No Tox)
NO TOX DATA
(No Tox Data)
NUTRIENT
(Nutrient)
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
(Nut def)
NUTRITION
(Nut)
OTHER AMBIENT
CONDITIONS
(OAC)
Description
Studies reporting the use of existing data for modeling,
i.e., no new organism toxicity data are reported. Studies
which extrapolate effects based on known relationships
between parameters and adverse effects.
Studies that do not examine the toxicity of Eco-SSL
contaminants of concern.
Studies which lack a control or which have a control that is
classified as invalid for derivation of TRVs.
Studies for which results are stated in text but no data is
provided. Also refers to studies with insufficient data
where results are reported for only one organism per
exposure concentration or dose (wildlife).
Studies with no usable dose or concentration reported, or
an insufficient number of doses/concentrations are used
based on Eco-SSL SOPs. These are usually identified
after examination of full paper. This includes studies
which examine effects after exposure to contaminant
ceases. This also includes studies where offspring are
exposed in utero and/or lactation by doses to parents and
then after weaning to similar concentrations as their
parents. Dose cannot be determined.
Studies with no exposure duration. These are usually
identified after examination of full paper.
Studies with no relevant effect evaluated in a biological
test species or data not reported for effect discussed.
Studies using non-oral routes of contaminant
administration including intraperitoneal injection, other
injection, inhalation, and dermal exposures.
Studies that do not examine or test a viable organism (also
see in vitro rejection category).
Papers that could not be located. Citation from electronic
searches may be incorrect or the source is not readily
available.
Papers that are not the original compilation and/or
publication of the experimental data.
No toxicant used. Publications often report responses to
changes in water or soil chemistry variables, e.g., pH or
temperature. Such publications are not included.
Studies where toxicant used but no results reported that
had a negative impact (plants and soil invertebrates).
Nutrition studies reporting no concentration related
negative impact.
Studies of the effects of nutrient deficiencies. Nutritional
deficient diet is identified by the author. If reviewer is
uncertain then the administrator should be consulted.
Effects associated with added nutrients are coded.
Studies examining the best or minimum level of a
chemical in the diet for improvement of health or
maintenance of animals in captivity.
Studies which examine other ambient conditions: pH,
salinity, DO, UV, radiation, etc.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
OIL
(Oil)
OM,pH
(OM, pH)
ORGANIC METAL
(Org Met)
LEAD BEHAVIOR OR HIGH
DOSE MODELS
(Pb Behav)
PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
(Phys)
PLANT
(Plant)
PRIMATE
(Prim)
PUBLAS
(Publ as)
QSAR
(QSAR)
REGULATIONS
(Reg)
REVIEW
(Rev)
Description
Studies which examine the effects of oil and petroleum
products.
Organic matter content of the test soil must be reported by
the authors, but may be presented in one of the following
ways; total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic
carbon (POC), organic carbon (OC), coarse particulate
organic matter (CPOM), particulate organic matter (POM),
ash free dry weight of soil, ash free dry mass of soil,
percent organic matter, percent peat, loss on ignition
(LOI), organic matter content (OMC).
With the exception of studies on non-ionizing substances,
the study must report the pH of the soil, and the soil pH
should be within the range of >4 and <8.5. Studies that
do not report pH or report pH outside this range are
rejected.
Studies which examine the effects of organic metals. This
includes tetraethyl lead, triethyl lead, chromium
picolinate, phenylarsonic acid, roxarsone, 3-nitro-4-
phenylarsonic acid,, zinc phosphide, monomethylarsonic
acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO), or arsenobetaine (AsBe) and other organo
metallic fungicides. Metal acetates and methionines are
not rejected and are evaluated.
There are a high number of studies in the literature that
expose rats or mice to high concentrations of lead in
drinking water (0.1, 1 to 2% solutions) and then observe
behavior in offspring, and/or pathology changes in the
brain of the exposed dam and/or the progeny. Only a
representative subset of these studies were coded.
Behavior studies examining complex behavior (learned
tasks) were also not coded.
Physiology studies where adverse effects are not
associated with exposure to contaminants of concern.
Studies of terrestrial plants are excluded.
Primate studies are excluded.
The author states that the information in this report has
been published in another source. Data are recorded from
only one source. The secondary citation is noted as Publ
As.
Derivation of Quantitative Structure- Activity
Relationships (QSAR) is a form of modeling. QSAR
publications are rejected if raw toxicity data are not
reported or if the toxicity data are published elsewhere as
original data.
Regulations and related publications that are not a primary
source of data.
Studies in which the data reported in the article are not
primary data from research conducted by the author. The
publication is a compilation of data published elsewhere.
These publications are reviewed manually to identify other
relevant literature.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
Literature Rejection Categories
Rejection Criteria
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SCORE
(Score)
SEDIMENT CONC
(Sed)
SLUDGE
SOIL CONC
(Soil)
SPECIES
STRESSOR
(QAC)
SURVEY
(Surv)
REPTILE OR AMPHIBIAN
(Herp)
UNRELATED
(Unrel)
WATER QUALITY STUDY
(Wqual)
YEAST
(Yeast)
Description
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Papers in which all studies had data evaluation scores at or
lower then the acceptable cut-off (_s 10 of 18) for plants
and soil invertebrates).
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in sediment.
Studies on the effects of ingestion of soils amended with
sewage sludge.
Studies in which the only exposure concentration/dose
reported is for the level of a toxicant in soil.
Studies in which the species of concern was not a
terrestrial invertebrate or plant or mammal or bird.
Studies examining the interaction of a stressor (e.g.,
radiation, heat, etc.) and the contaminant, where the effect
of the contaminant alone cannot be isolated.
Studies reporting the toxicity of a contaminant in the field
over a period of time. Often neither a duration nor an
exposure concentration is reported.
Studies on reptiles and amphibians. These papers flagged
for possible later review.
Studies that are unrelated to contaminant exposure and
response and/or the receptor groups of interest.
Studies of water quality.
Studies of yeast.
Receptor
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
Wildlife
Plants and Soil Invertebrates
-------
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
-------
Soil Sorooning M>v«l«
Appendix 5-1
Avian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife Toxicity
Reference Value (TRY) - Cadmium
March 2005
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 1 of 2
Ref
*
"3
£
1
Reference
Exposure
Chemical Form
MW%
1
1
K
1
Phase #
# of Cone/ Doses
Cone/ Doses
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
§i
<
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Body Weight in kg
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Eva uation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
c
^o
«
U
is
«
a
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
"«
S
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
366
386
433
25893
392
183
3736
429
7011
371
6468
80
7101
Cain et al, 1983
Blalock and Hill, 1988
Pilastro et al, 1993
Congiu et al, 2000
Lefevre et al, 1982
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Jordan and Bhatnagar, 1990
Donaldson, 1985
Freeland and Cousins, 1973
Richardson et al, 1974
Rama and Planas, 1981
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Spivey et al, 1971
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
Mallard Duck (Anas plaiyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Starling {Sturnus vulgaris )
Starling {Sturnus vulgaris )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Pekin Duck {Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Duck {Anas sp .)
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
0/4.3/9.2/14.6
0/10/20/40
0/10/50
0/10.27/55.23
0/10/100
0/50/150/450
0/80
0/60
0/75
0/75
0/100
0/100
0/75
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
2
22
22
5
42
12
3
2
4
2
15
2
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
1
1
NR
NR
1
11
7
1
1
1
1
NR
1
d
d
NR
NR
d
mo
mo
d
d
d
d
NR
d
JV
JV
AD
MA
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
NR
B
B
NR
M
F
M
M
B
NR
M
NR
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HMGL
HMGL
CYTC
GLTH
HMCT
URIC
GSTR
NEFA
HMCT
HMCT
HMCT
GLPX
HMCT
BL
BL
LI
LI
BL
NR
LI
BL
BL
BL
BL
BL
BL
14.6
10.0
10.0
10.27
100
150
20.0
50.0
55.23
450
80.0
60.0
75.0
75.0
100
100
75.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
1.128
0.2
0.0742
0.0742
0.186
1.11
1.1
0.349
0.1
0.062
0.1
0.092
0.031
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.06295
0.02041
0.0107
0.0186
0.018
0.136
0.06193
0.02933
0.013
0.00952
0.013
0.01231
0.00606
0.858
1.02
1.44
2.57
9.68
12.5
2.04
7.21
13.8
37.6
2.76
5.04
9.75
11.5
13.0
13.4
14.7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
7
7
7
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
10
8
8
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
75
76
70
80
71
77
69
70
70
70
70
69
70
Behavior
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25893
396
399
183
410
392
5265
807
8500
403
Congiu et al, 2000
White andFinley, 1978
White et al 1978
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Silver and Nudds, 1995
Lefevre et al, 1982
Fadil and Magid, 1996
Sell, 1975
Bafundo et al. 1984
Pritzl et al, 1974
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium carbonate
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
Starling {Sturnus vulgaris )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard {Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Amercian black duck {Anas rubripes)
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
4
4
2
3
3
2
2
5
0/10.27/55.23
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/50/150/450
0/6.53
0/10/100
0/10/100
0/60
0/45
0/400/600/800/1000
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
10
10
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
M
M
M
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
22
90
90
42
106
5
30
6
14
20
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
NR
1
1
11
NR
1
1
16
8
2
NR
yr
yr
mo
NR
d
d
mo
d
w
MA
AD
AD
JV
AD
JV
JV
LB
JV
JV
B
B
B
M
B
NR
NR
F
M
M
c
V
V
c
M
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
ACTV
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FEFF
FCNS
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
55.23
210
210
450
6.53
10.0
10.0
60.0
45.0
400
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
0.0714
1.153
1.153
0.911
1.4
0.284
0.0397
1.6
0.288
0.46
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
0.0186
0.088
0.11
0.122
0.0569
0.0201
0.00679
0.064
0.02588
0.011
14.4
16.9
21.1
41.1
0.265
0.708
1.05
2.40
4.80
9.57
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
7
6
7
5
6
5
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
70
66
70
70
78
74
67
73
72
73
Physiology
24
375
Bokori et al, 1996
Cadmium sulfate
100 \Ctacken (Gallus domesticus)
1
3
0/25/75
mg/kg diet
N
NR
ADL
U
FD
5
w
14
d
JV
M
c
Lab
PHY
PHY
FDCV
wo
25.0
75.0
Y
1.589
N
0.07868
1.24
3.71
10
10
5
10
6
4
10
10
10
4
79
Pathology
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
393
392
375
366
396
433
399
25893
183
389
366
818
817
378
379
371
402
403
80
Mayacketal, 1981
Lefevre et al, 1982
Bokori et al, 1996
Cain et al, 1983
White andFinley, 1978
Pilastro et al, 1993
White et al 1978
Congiu et al, 2000
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Cain et al, 1983
Rao et al., 1989
Rao et al, 1989
Bokori et al, 1995
Bokori, et al, 1995
Richardson et al, 1974
Richardson and Fox, 1974
Pritzl et al, 1974
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium carbonate
Cadmium sulfate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
61.32
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
Wood duck {Aix sponsa )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Starling {Sturnus vulgaris )
Mallard {Anas platyrhynchos )
Starling {Sturnus vulgaris )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Pekin Duck {Anas platyrhynchos )
Pekin Duck {Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Duck {Anas sp .)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
0/2.18/7.61/77.85
0/10/100
0/25/75
0/4.3/9.2/14.6
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/10/50
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/10.27/55.23
0/50/150/450
0/10/50
0/14.6
0/80
0/80
0/75/300/600
0/75/150/300
0/75
0/75
0/700
0/500
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
10
10
NR
10
NR
10
10
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
M
U
U
M
M
U
M
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
5
39
12
90
22
60
22
42
42
12
12
13
5
37
4
4
20
28
w
w
w
w
d
w
d
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
d
d
1
1
14
1
1
NR
1
NR
11
32
1
6
7
21
NR
1
1
2
NR
w
d
d
d
yr
NR
yr
NR
mo
w
d
mo
mo
d
NR
d
d
w
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
AD
MA
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
NR
M
B
B
B
B
B
M
M
B
F
F
M
F
B
B
M
M
c
c
c
c
V
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
ORW
HIS
ORW
HIS
GfflS
ORWT
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
ORWT
ORWT
NPHR
GLBM
GfflS
GfflS
GfflS
SMIX
GLSN
SMIX
NCRO
KI
LU
LI
LI
KI
LI
KI
LI
AR
KI
KI
KI
KI
KI
PS
HE
IN
LI
MU
7.61
10.0
25.0
14.6
15.2
10.0
15.2
10.27
50.0
50.0
77.85
100
75.0
210
50.0
210
55.23
150
14.6
80.0
80.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
700
500
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
0.5126
0.284
5.58
1.128
1.153
0.0742
1.153
0.0742
1.22
1.153
1.128
3.12
1.1
1.596
0.2
0.064
0.0461
0.46
0.092
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.03767
0.0201
0.17823
0.06295
0.088
0.0107
0.11
0.0186
0.134
0.0872
0.06295
0.12207
0.06193
0.07892
0.02041
0.00972
0.00785
0.03511
0.01231
0.559
0.708
0.799
0.858
1.22
1.44
1.53
2.57
3.74
4.20
5.72
7.08
2.40
16.9
7.21
21.1
13.8
11.2
0.858
1.92
2.76
3.71
7.65
11.4
12.8
53.4
66.9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
5
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
7
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
8
10
4
6
8
6
8
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
80
78
79
69
77
73
81
83
80
72
78
72
72
73
73
73
73
72
72
Reproduction
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
398
398
375
396
399
389
807
Leach et al, 1978
Leach et al, 1978
Bokori et al, 1996
White andFinley, 1978
White et al 1978
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Sell, 1975
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard {Anas platyrhynchos )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
3
4
4
3
2
0/3/12/48
0/3/12/48
0/25/75
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/10/50
0/60
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
NR
NR
NR
10
10
10
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
M
M
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
12
39
90
90
42
23
w
mo
w
d
d
d
d
8
6
14
1
1
32
16
mo
mo
d
yr
yr
w
mo
LB
LB
IM
AD
AD
JV
LB
F
F
M
F
B
M
F
c
c
c
V
V
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
EGPN
PROG
TEWT
Other
TEWT
TEWT
PROG
WO
wo
TE
NR
TE
TE
WO
12.0
12.0
25.0
15.2
15.2
50.0
48.0
48.0
75.0
210
210
60.0
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
1.6
1.6
5.58
1.153
1.153
1.153
1.6
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.07903
0.07903
0.17823
0.11
0.11
0.0872
0.064
0.593
0.593
0.799
1.53
1.53
4.20
2.37
2.37
2.40
21.1
21.1
2.40
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
6
7
7
7
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
6
6
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
82
82
85
83
87
73
79
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 2 of 2
Ref
*
"3
51
52
53
£
1
378
379
371
Reference
Bokori et al, 1995
Bokori, et al, 1995
Richardson et al, 1974
Exposure
Chemical Form
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
MW%
100
100
100
1
1
K
1
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Phase #
2
1
1
# of Cone/ Doses
4
4
2
Cone/ Doses
0/75/300/600
0/75/150/300
0/75
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
NR
NR
NR
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
5
37
6
Duration Units
w
d
w
§i
<
21
NR
1
Age Units
d
NR
d
Lifestage
JV
LB
JV
X
£
M
F
M
Control Type
C
C
C
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
REP
REP
REP
Effect Type
REP
REP
REP
Effect Measure
TEDG
PROG
TEWT
Response Site
TE
WO
TE
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
75.0
75.0
75.0
Conversion to mg/kg bw/day
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Body Weight in kg
1.596
0.2
0.082
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg/day or
L/day
0.07892
0.02041
0.01142
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
3.71
7.65
10.4
Data Eva uation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
c
^o
«
U
is
«
a
6
6
6
Endpoint
10
10
10
Dose Range
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
"«
S
79
79
79
Growth
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
400
356
392
398
366
1369
375
397
92
389
386
393
397
183
5265
8125
8500
1369
378
403
7011
371
402
6468
395
7101
Jacobs et al, 1978
Stoewsand et al 1986
Lefevre et al, 1982
Leach et al, 1978
Cain et al, 1983
Hill, 1974
Bokori et al, 1996
Hill 1979
Hill, 1974
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Blalock and Hill, 1988
Mayacketal, 1981
Hill 1979
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1984
Fadil and Magid, 1996
Hill, 1990
Bafundo et al. 1984
Hill, 1974
Bokori et al, 1995
Pritzl et al, 1974
Freeland and Cousins, 1973
Richardson et al, 1974
Richardson and Fox, 1974
Rama and Planas, 1981
Hill, 1980
Spivey et al, 1971
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium carbonate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Wood duck {Aix sponsa )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
3
4
4
2
3
4
6
3
4
4
2
4
3
2
2
2
4
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
0/62/125/250/500/1000
0/2.00
0/10/100
0/3/12/48
0/4.3/9.2/14.6
0/14.6
0/25/75
0/20/40/60
0/20/40/60/80/100
0/10/50
0/10/20/40
0/2.18/7.61/77.85
0/75
0/50/150/450
0/10/100
0/60
0/45
0/57
0/75/300/600
0/400/600/800/1000
0/75
0/75
0/75
0/100
0/100
0/75
ug/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
DLY
NR
DLY
U
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
7
63
5
6
12
2
4
2
2
42
2
12
2
42
30
18
14
2
1
20
2
4
4
3
1
2
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
w
w
7
1
1
1
1
1
14
1
1
32
1
1
1
11
1
1
8
1
21
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
w
d
mo
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
NR
M
B
B
M
F
B
M
NR
B
F
M
NR
F
M
B
M
M
M
B
B
NR
F
NR
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
1000
2.00
10.0
12.0
14.6
14.6
25.0
20.0
20.0
50.0
40.0
77.85
75.0
150
100
48.0
75.0
40.0
40.0
450
10.0
60.0
45.0
57.0
75.0
400
75.0
75.0
75.0
100
100
75.0
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
0.0415
0.1
0.284
0.619
1.128
0.328
0.828
0.328
0.328
1.153
0.18
0.4988
0.328
1.11
0.0397
0.564
0.288
0.328
0.484
0.46
0.1
0.053
0.0461
0.1
0.084
0.031
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.00517
0.013
0.0201
0.04259
0.06295
0.02817
0.05147
0.02817
0.02817
0.0872
0.01906
0.03701
0.02817
0.136
0.00679
0.04009
0.02588
0.02817
0.03626
0.011
0.013
0.0086
0.00785
0.013
0.0116
0.00606
0.125
0.260
0.708
0.826
0.858
1.25
1.55
1.72
1.72
4.20
4.24
5.76
6.44
12.5
7.08
3.30
4.66
3.44
3.44
37.6
1.05
4.26
4.80
4.90
5.63
9.57
9.75
12.2
12.8
13.0
13.8
14.7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
7
6
6
5
6
5
5
7
6
6
5
7
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
8
8
4
4
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
69
75
82
81
82
76
83
82
82
78
68
73
74
84
71
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
69
77
Survival
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
375
386
393
92
403
371
80
7101
379
396
399
378
1369
80
Bokori et al, 1996
Blalock and Hill, 1988
Mayacketal, 1981
Hill, 1974
Pritzl et al, 1974
Richardson et al, 1974
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Spivey et al, 1971
Bokori, et al, 1995
White andFinley, 1978
White et al 1978
Bokori et al, 1995
Hill, 1974
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium carbonate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Wood duck {Aix sponsa )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Duck {Anas sp .)
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Mallard {Anas platyrhynchos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Duck {Anas sp .)
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
4
4
6
5
2
3
2
4
4
4
4
2
2
0/25/75
0/10/20/40
0/2.18/7.61/77.85
0/20/40/60/80/100
0/400/600/800/1000
0/75
0/100
0/75
0/75/150/300
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/75/300/600
0/57
0/500
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
10
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
M
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
12
3
12
5
20
4
15
2
37
90
90
4
2
28
w
w
w
w
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
w
w
d
14
1
1
1
2
1
NR
1
NR
1
1
21
1
NR
d
d
w
d
w
d
NR
d
NR
yr
yr
d
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
M
NR
B
B
M
B
M
NR
F
B
B
M
B
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
V
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
75.0
40.0
77.85
100
400
75.0
100
75.0
150
210
210
300
600
300
600
57.0
500
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
2.925
0.18
0.4988
0.328
0.46
0.064
0.092
0.034
0.2
1.153
1.153
0.496
0.328
0.092
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
0.11705
0.01906
0.03701
0.02817
0.011
0.00972
0.01231
0.00644
0.02041
0.088
0.11
0.03686
0.02817
0.01231
3.00
4.24
5.78
8.59
9.57
10.5
13.4
14.2
15.3
16.9
21.1
22.3
14.3
30.6
44.6
4.90
66.9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
6
7
7
6
5
5
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
10
4
4
10
4
4
10
1
1
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
78
69
74
77
84
69
77
69
84
80
84
84
77
77
Data Not Used to Derive Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
400
389
8500
80
396
378
5265
Jacobs et al, 1978
Di Giulio and Scanlon, 1985
Baflmdo et al. 1984
Van Vleet et al, 1981
White andFinley, 1978
Bokori et al, 1995
Fadil and Magid, 1996
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
Japanese Quail {Coturnixjaponica )
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Duck {Anas sp .)
Mallard Duck {Anas platyrhychos )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
Chicken {Gallus domesticus )
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
6
3
2
3
4
4
3
0/62/125/250/500/1000
0/10/50
0/45
0/100
0/1.6/15.2/210
0/75/300/600
0/10/100
ug/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
NR
10
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
7
42
14
15
90
3
30
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
7
32
8
NR
1
21
1
d
w
d
NR
yr
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
B
M
M
M
B
M
NR
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
BIO
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
BIO
FOB
CHM
CHM
HIS
CHM
CHM
CHM
FCNS
GLYC
HMGL
NCRO
HMCT
CALC
RBCE
wo
LI
BL
MU
BL
BO
BL
1000
50.0
45.0
100
210
600
10.0
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
0.0415
1.153
0.288
0.092
1.153
0.353
0.0397
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
0.00517
0.0872
0.02588
0.01231
0.088
0.02955
0.00679
0.125
4.20
4.80
13.4
16.9
50.2
1.05
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
5
5
7
6
5
4
1
4
4
1
1
1
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
65
64
60
63
63
61
64
All abbreviations and definitions are used in coding stuides are available from Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Soil Sorooning M>v«l«
Appendix 6-1
Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted and Reviewed for Wildlife
Toxicity Reference Value (TRY) - Cadmium
March 2005
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 1 of 8
Ref
Result #
2;
1
Exposure
Chemical Form
MW%
Q
'C
8.
X
68
£
# of Cone/ Doses
!fi
%
&
~D
o
U
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
§i
<;
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
3?
c
J=
3f
*3
&
§
g
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
"«
£
Biochemical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
632
655
670
632
591
597
797
778
677
507
3703
443
563
446
650
22300
710
569
797
25890
629
639
753
772
594
707
783
502
637
9321
825
615
494
543
768
543
572
780
21073
780
25891
556
824
19290
3711
583
801
638
3733
3733
19496
574
677
Watanabeetal, 1986
Weigeletall984
Cousins et all 977
Watanabe et al, 1 986
Mitsumori et al., 1998
Wheltonetal, 1997
Bhattahcaryya, 1991
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Weber and Reid 1969
Kodamaetal., 1989
Doyle etal, 1974
Sutou, et al, 1 980
Takashima et al 1 980
Loeser and Lorke, 1 977
Chettyetal, 1980
Whanger and Weswig, 1970
Yuyama 1982
Zielinska-Psuja et al, 1 979
Bhattahcaryya, 1991
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1 999
Weigel etal 1987
Merali and Singhal, 1980
Rastogi etal 1977
Bakry et al, 1 992
Schumann et al., 1 996
Dobryszycka et al., 1984
Mitra etal, 1995
Cousins et al., 1973
Rajannaetal, 1984
Sasseretal., 1985
Wilson etal 1940
Groten etal, 1991
Osuna and Edds, 1980
Steibert etal., 1984
Suzuki and Yoshida 1978
Steibert etal., 1984
Suzuki and Yoshida, 1 978
Suzuki and Yoshida 1979
Chmielnicka and Sowa, 1 996
Suzuki and Yoshida 1979
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Iguchi and Sano, 1 982
Webster, 1978
Kadiiska et al, 1 985
Lynch etal., 1976
Pond etal, 1973
Ando etal., 1978
Nakamura et al., 1983
Banis et al 1 969
Banis et al 1 969
Novelh etal, 1998
Suzuki and Yoshida 1977
Weber and Reid 1969
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride dihydrate
Cadmium chloride dihydrate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
53.92
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
6
3
3
5
5
3
3
4
4
6
5
4
4
5
4
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
5
4
4
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
0/0.38/1.34/5.62/6.14/149
0/2.80/7.15
0/5/25
0/0.48/1.78/1.75/47.1
0/8/40/200/600
0/5/50
0/5/50
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/0.019/0.095/0.186
0/1/3/10/50/100
0/10.8/29.4/59.7/111.2
0/0.1/1/10
0/10/50/100
0/1/3/10/30
0/25/50/100
0/10/25/40/100
0/0.5/2.0/5.0
0/8.8/88
0/5/50
0/40/80
0/0.85/2.25
0/0.1/1.0
0/0.1/1
0/0.143/0.561/2.00
0/10
0/0.48
0/18.08
0/50/150/450/1350
0/25/50/75
0/0.69/1.5/2.5
0/0.0031/0.0062/0.0125/0.025/0.05
0/30.5
0/88
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/50/100/200
0/4.59
0/50
0/5000/10500
0/50/100
0/40
0/10
0/5.74
0/154
0/10
0/200
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/200
0/5.71/21.6/9.81
ug/org/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/d
mg/org/d
mg/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/1
mg/org/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
% in diet
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/1
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
1 per w
ADL
DLY
DLY
3 per w
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
M
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
ux
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
UX
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
GV
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
OR
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
2
40
14
2
2
254
252
9
3
50
163
9
19
3
4
8
2
3
252
6
8
45
30
8
7
3
6
6
120
21
100
28
2
170
180
170
14
28
20
14
6
6
19
30
63
29
1
11
30
3
2
10
3
yr
d
w
yr
mo
d
d
w
w
w
d
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
mo
d
w
w
d
d
w
d
mo
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
mo
w
d
w
mo
d
w
7
NR
NR
10
5
68
70-1 OC
70
NR
8
4
5
NR
4-6
NR
21
5
NR
70-1 OC
1
NR
1
1
NR
57
3
1
55
6
5
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
64
NR
NR
5
15
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
w
w
d
d
d
NR
mo
mo
w
NR
mo
NR
d
w
NR
d
mo
NR
d
d
NR
d
mo
mo
d
w
mo
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
w
w
NR
NR
AD
SM
JV
GE
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
YO
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
F
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
B
B
M
M
M
B
M
B
M
M
F
M
M
M
NR
B
M
B
NR
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
NR
F
F
M
B
M
M
B
c
M
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
NR
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
HRM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
HMGL
RBCE
Other
CALC
HMGL
CALC
CALC
TOPR
Other
CREA
HMCT
RBCE
SODI
ALPH
GENZ
GBCM
Other
TSTR
CALC
MCPR
AATT
GLUC
Other
CALC
HMGL
LADH
PCLV
HMCT
GLUC
GCHM
HMCT
AATT
HMGL
ACPH
HMGL
SCDH
HMGL
HMGL
MCPR
HMGL
MCPR
GENZ
PCLV
P450
ALAD
HMGL
CALC
GPTR
HMGL
HMGL
PRTL
HMGL
MADH
BL
BL
KI
BO
BL
FM
BO
UR
BO
UR
BL
BL
FM
LI
LI
BL
KI
SR
BO
LI
BL
BL
BR
FM
BL
KI
BL
BL
SR
LI
BL
PL
BL
LI
BL
LI
BL
BL
LI
BL
KI
BO
BL
LI
BL
BL
BO
SR
BL
BL
UR
LI
LI
1.34
2.80
5.00
1.75
8.00
5.00
5.00
0.410
0.0190
10.0
59.7
1.00
10.0
30.0
25.0
25.0
0.5
8.80
50.0
40.0
5.62
7.15
25.0
47.1
40.0
50.0
50.0
1.09
0.0950
50.0
111
10.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
2.00
88.0
80.0
0.850
0.100
0.100
0.143
10.0
0.480
18.1
50.0
25.0
0.690
0.00310
30.5
88.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
4.59
50.0
5000
50.0
40.0
10.0
5.74
154
10.0
200
100
100
100
200
5.71
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.032
0.5
0.385
0.032
0.3
0.0358
0.0353
0.506
0.0233
12
64.33
0.45
0.1
10.5
0.2631
0.235
0.189
0.306
0.0353
0.0159
0.287
0.16
0.104
0.20916
0.351
0.462
0.10825
35.3
0.45925
0.25
0.225
0.195
18.73
0.2798
0.5788
0.2798
0.13906
0.1991
0.2
0.1343
1.05
0.12
0.043
0.175
71.4
22.019
0.156
0.1678
0.144
0.0955
0.2
0.100
0.01
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
0.00256
0.038861
0.0206
0.008
0.0175
0.009
0.004398
0.0362
0.00556
0.529717
1.99
0.035637
0.01035
0.474651
0.022924
0.020892
0.0134
0.025955
0.004398
0.0025
0.024623
0.015232
0.01069
0.018984
0.02
0.036416
0.011047
1.35
0.036238
0.02843
0.020158
0.017921
0.73
0.0209
0.043828
0.022
0.0113
0.01823
0.023257
0.01319
0.0029
0.012024
0.005831
0.020624
0.051
0.872442
0.014918
0.008
0.013968
0.009966
0.02352
0.01035
0.00414
0.042
0.218
0.268
0.438
0.467
0.548
0.623
0.810
0.815
0.833
0.928
1.00
1.04
1.36
2.18
2.22
2.65
5.40
6.23
6.29
0.176
0.556
1.34
11.8
2.33
5.48
6.23
2.15
4.08
4.17
1.73
10.0
5.18
4.36
4.45
10.6
54.0
12.6
0.0729
0.100
0.100
0.143
0.570
1.04
1.85
1.91
1.97
2.76
2.78
2.80
3.59
3.73
3.79
3.93
4.06
4.58
4.59
4.91
5.00
5.01
5.34
5.39
5.74
6.10
6.13
9.54
9.70
10.4
12.4
20.7
571
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
5
8
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
5
8
10
8
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
6
7
10
6
6
6
5
7
10
5
7
6
10
10
10
7
5
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
10
6
10
6
6
10
10
5
10
7
6
6
7
6
7
8
10
8
6
8
8
8
10
8
8
10
8
8
4
10
10
8
8
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
80
71
75
78
75
75
73
72
75
74
77
76
74
70
76
75
75
74
69
82
69
77
72
77
66
67
69
71
70
66
70
75
75
66
70
66
71
70
69
70
79
70
71
69
72
69
77
71
70
70
66
70
71
Behavior
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
488
685
488
776
670
12092
778
656
King etal, 1992
Lmd etal., 1997
King etal, 1992
Yuhasetal 1979
Cousins et al 1977
Koo and Winslow, 1 983
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Nation etal., 1984
Rock phosphate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
2
5
4
3
3
4
3
0/0.61/1.20
0/1 .24
0/0.47/0.86/2.27/4.46
0/1/10/100
0/5/25
0/2/5
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/1/5
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
1 per w
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
M
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
132
5
128
13
14
11
1
55
d
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
NR
NR
NR
35
NR
NR
70
80
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
d
d
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
AVO
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
STIM
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
1.20
1.24
4.46
1.00
5.00
5.00
0.410
1.00
10.0
25.0
1.09
5.00
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
90
0.02125
90
0.43
0.385
0.49
0.506
0.21
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.62
0.00343
1.6
0.0409
0.0193
0.0317
0.0362
0.001
0.0216
0.0584
0.0793
0.0951
0.251
0.323
0.810
1.00
0.951
1.25
2.15
5.00
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
4
10
8
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
70
70
70
68
78
70
75
77
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 2 of 8
Ref
Result #
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
2;
1
8980
820
14580
21111
3730
591
733
494
572
822
632
796
551
25891
632
560
25890
453
685
629
753
669
502
661
521
825
615
543
543
662
824
3711
544
583
2640
21121
626
617
19496
3731
581
677
Lamphereetal., 1984
Sawick-Kapusta et al, 1 987
Mahaffeyetal, 1977
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Perry etal, 1977
Mitsumori et al., 1998
Lee etal., 1994
Osuna and Edds, 1 980
Suzuki and Yoshida, 1 978
Sorell and Braziano, 1 990
Watanabe et al, 1 986
Felinskaetal., 1995
Gustafson and Mercer, 1984
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Watanabe et al, 1 986
Machemer and Lorke, 1 981
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1 999
Berry etal, 1999
Lmd etal., 1997
Weigel etal 1987
Rastogi etal 1977
Ahokas etal 1980
Cousins et al., 1973
Zenicketal 1982
Mangier etal., 1988
Wilson etal 1940
Groten et al, 1 991
Steibertetal, 1984
Steibertetal, 1984
Meyer et al 1 982
Webster, 1978
Lynch etal., 1976
Steibertetal., 1984
Pond etal, 1973
Freundt and Irbahim, 1 990
Novelli etal, 1998
Bhattacharyya et al, 1 988
Nation etal., 1990
Novelli etal, 1998
Pond and Walker, 1975
Nomiyama et al., 1 975
Weber and Reid 1969
Exposure
Chemical Form
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
MW%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Q
'C
8.
X
68
&
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
3
2
2
7
5
4
2
2
4
6
3
7
3
5
4
3
2
2
3
3
4
5
4
2
6
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
4
!fi
%
&
~D
o
U
0/52.9
0/1.5/35.3
0/50
0/15
0/1/2.5/5/10/25/50
0/8/40/200/600
0/1/3/10
0/88
0/50
0/220/1650/2860
0/0.38/1.34/5.62/6.14/149
0/5/50
0/50/1 00/250/500/750/1 000
0/5000/10500
0/0.48/1.78/1.75/47.1
0/1.2/3.5/12.5
0/40/80
0/5
0/1.13
0/0.85/2.25
0/0.1/1
0/0.07/0.53/1.52
0/50/150/450/1350
0/17.2/34.4/68.8
0/31.5
0/0.0031/0.0062/0.0125/0.025/0.05
0/30.5
0/50
0/50
0/30/60
0/40
0/5.74
0/50
0/154
0/100
0/1 .44
0/5/50
0/100
0/100
0/200
0/300
0/5.71/21.6/9.81
Cone/Dose Units
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
% in diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/1
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Application Frequency
2perd
CON
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
1 per w
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
3 per w
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
M
U
U
UX
M
U
UX
U
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
GV
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
OR
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
60
20
10
36
12
1
13
4
12
14
2
21
21
6
2
9
6
60
5
6
30
21
6
1
6
100
30
170
170
30
3
63
170
50
91
7
252
60
2
21
42
3
Duration Units
d
d
w
d
mo
mo
w
w
d
d
yr
d
d
w
yr
d
w
d
w
w
d
d
w
w
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
w
w
§i
<;
9
NR
NR
27
21
5
60
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
1
10
4
1
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
55
100
28
NR
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
68
50
15
12
NR
NR
Age Units
mo
NR
NR
d
d
w
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
mo
w
mo
mo
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
d
d
d
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
d
d
w
w
NR
NR
Lifestage
YO
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
AD
GE
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
NR
JV
X
£
NR
B
M
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
NR
F
M
M
F
M
B
F
F
M
F
M
F
NR
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
B
Control Type
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Test Location
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect Type
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
BEH
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
Effect Measure
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
RRSP
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GBHV
FCNS
FCNS
NMVM
WCON
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
WCON
FCNS
WCON
WCON
FCNS
ACTP
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
Response Site
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
Study NOAEL
52.9
1.50
50.0
15.0
25.0
40.0
3.00
88.0
50.0
1650
149
50.0
100
10500
47.1
12.5
80.0
Study LOAEL
35.3
50.0
200
10.0
2860
250
5.00
1.13
0.850
0.100
0.0700
50.0
17.2
31.5
0.00310
30.5
50.0
50.0
30.0
40.0
5.74
50.0
154
100
1.44
50.0
100
100
200
300
5.71
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
3?
C
j=
3f
*3
&
§
g
202
0.02125
0.523
0.164
0.275
0.2
0.5019
18.73
0.12184
0.338
0.03
0.22
0.267
1.01
0.032
0.382
0.0159
78.12
0.02125
0.257
0.104
0.338
30.76
0.446
0.287
0.225
0.195
0.2798
0.2798
0.08
0.03
71.4
0.1983
28.55
0.28
0.200
0.028
0.2
0.2
0.2046
3
0.01
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
4
0.002898
0.0174
0.019453
0.03
0.014
0.038982
0.73
0.0093
0.0286
0.0032
0.0231
0.01619
0.0029
0.008
0.0336
0.0025
0.75
0.00371
0.022486
0.01069
0.0362
0.97
0.047867
0.024
0.020158
0.017921
0.0209
0.022
0.0145
0.004217
0.051
0.023079
1.080102
0.031483
na
0.00867
0.018298
0.02352
0.0172
0.169492
0.00414
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
1.05
1.50
1.67
1.78
2.73
2.80
3.00
3.43
3.82
4.88
4.97
5.25
6.06
10.5
11.8
12.5
12.6
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
35.3
5.45
14.0
10.0
8.46
15.2
0.0480
0.0532
0.0744
0.100
0.207
1.58
1.85
2.63
2.78
2.80
3.73
3.93
5.44
5.62
5.74
5.82
5.83
6.89
7.20
15.5
9.15
12.4
16.8
17.0
571
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
5
5
10
8
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
5
10
5
5
10
10
5
5
10
5
8
5
10
5
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
7
7
6
6
7
7
10
7
7
6
7
7
6
10
7
10
7
7
7
6
10
6
7
6
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
10
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
Endpoint
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dose Range
4
6
4
4
10
8
8
4
4
10
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
1
10
10
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
6
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
"«
£
70
77
66
68
70
78
84
70
74
74
70
69
79
73
70
68
70
67
79
72
75
68
74
68
69
73
78
69
69
74
74
75
68
73
68
68
74
73
69
74
73
74
Physiology
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
646
488
488
3730
669
443
820
733
778
720
629
757
15061
720
825
783
825
768
662
825
Wills etal 1981
King etal, 1992
King et al, 1 992
Perry etal, 1977
Ahokas et al 1 980
Sutou, et al, 1 980
Sawick-Kapusta et al, 1 987
Lee etal., 1994
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Ogoshietal, 1989
Weigel etal 1987
Mercado andBibby 1973
Kamsawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Ogoshietal., 1989
Wilson etal 1940
Mitra etal, 1995
Wilson etal 1940
Suzuki and Yoshida 1978
Meyer et al 1 982
Wilson etal 1940
Cadmium chloride
Rock phosphate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
3
5
7
4
4
3
4
4
6
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
0/5.5/6.9
0/0.61/1.20
0/0.47/0.86/2.27/4.46
0/1/2.5/5/10/25/50
0/0.07/0.53/1.52
0/0.1/1/10
0/1.5/35.3
0/1/3/10
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/10/20/40/80/160
0/0.85/2.25
0/5
0/5
0/5/10
0/0.0016
0/18.08
0/0.0031
0/50
0/30/60
0/0.0062
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw
mg/d
mg/L
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% in diet
ug/g diet
% in diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
% in diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
CON
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
U
M
M
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
GV
FD
GV
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
64
132
128
6
21
4
20
13
24
4
5
50
17
4
50
6
50
180
30
85
w
d
d
mo
d
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
mo
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
5
NR
60
70
24
NR
23
21
21
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
w
NR
d
d
w
NR
d
d
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
F
M
F
F
M
B
M
M
NR
M
M
B
F
M
NR
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
BLPR
FDCV
FDCV
BLPR
FDCV
FDCV
MEEN
GPHY
HTRT
GPHY
FDCV
GPHY
BLPR
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
HYDR
FDCV
GPHY
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
EY
HE
FM
wo
wo
wo
FM
TH
BL
TH
TB
WO
TH
6.90
1.20
4.46
1.00
0.0700
1.00
1.50
3.00
2.82
160
2.50
0.530
10.0
35.3
10.0
0.850
5.00
5.00
5.00
0.00160
18.08
0.0031
50.0
30.0
0.00620
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
0.602
90
90
0.3
0.338
0.3
0.02125
0.5019
0.438
0.4702
0.257
0.267
0.248
0.2024
0.235
0.10825
0.235
0.5788
0.08
0.235
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
0.045267
1.62
1.28
0.03
0.037296
0.025536
0.002898
0.038982
0.0282
0.050198
0.022486
0.030164
0.028226
0.023508
0.020892
0.011047
0.020892
0.043828
0.0145
0.020892
0.0069
0.0216
0.0634
0.100
0.207
1.00
1.50
3.00
6.44
17.1
0.25
1.57
10.0
35.3
10.0
0.074372
0.565
0.569
0.581
1.42
1.85
2.76
3.79
5.44
5.51
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
8
10
8
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
7
6
7
5
10
7
10
7
5
6
5
5
5
5
6
5
6
7
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
8
8
6
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
68
70
69
70
71
79
77
84
69
67
72
67
67
67
72
72
72
73
74
72
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 3 of 8
Ref
Result #
124
2;
1
659
Eakmetall980
Exposure
Chemical Form
Cadmium acetate
MW%
100
Q
'C
8.
X
68
&
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
!fi
%
&
~D
o
U
0/150
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
Percent Moisture
NR
Application Frequency
ADL
Method of Analyses
u
Route of Exposure
FD
Exposure Duration
16
Duration Units
w
§i
<;
NR
Age Units
NR
Lifestage
JV
X
£
M
Control Type
c
Test Location
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
PHY
Effect Type
PHY
Effect Measure
BLPR
Response Site
WO
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
150
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
Y
If
c
J=
3f
*3
&
§
g
0.25
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.021982
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
13.2
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
Dose Route
10
Test Concentrations
5
Chemical form
5
Dose Quantification
6
Endpoint
4
Dose Range
4
Statistical Power
10
Exposure Duration
10
Test Conditions
4
"«
£
68
Pathology
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
646
685
632
822
443
753
710
591
632
662
779
825
775
637
551
778
769
465
25891
25890
113
2069
3730
15061
707
14580
783
506
521
768
543
824
544
21121
556
667
581
149
Wills et all 981
Lmdetal, 1997
Watanabe et al, 1986
Sorell and Braziano, 1 990
Sutou, et al, 1 980
Rastogi etal 1977
Yuyama 1982
Mitsumori et al., 1998
Watanabe et al, 1 986
Meyer et al 1 982
Priggeetal., 1977
Wilson etal 1940
Takizawaetal 1981
Rajannaetal, 1984
Gustafson and Mercer, 1984
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Hokawaetal, 1978
Hamada et al, 1 991
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1 999
Seidenberg et al 1 986
Dodds-Smith et al., 1 992
Perry etal, 1977
Kamsawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Dobryszycka et al., 1984
Mahaffey etal., 1977
Mitra etal, 1995
Swiergosz et al 1 998
Mangier etal., 1988
Suzuki and Yoshida 1978
Steibertetal, 1984
Webster, 1978
Steibertetal., 1984
Novelli etal, 1998
Iguchi and Sano, 1 982
Kajikawa etal 1981
Nomiyama et al., 1 975
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride hydrate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Shrew (Sorex araneus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
3
2
5
4
4
3
4
5
6
3
4
6
3
4
7
4
2
6
3
3
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
0/5.5/6.9
0/1 .24
0/0.48/1.78/1.75/47.1
0/220/1650/2860
0/0.1/1/10
0/0.1/1
0/0.5/2.0/5.0
0/8/40/200/600
0/0.38/1.34/5.62/6.14/149
0/30/60
0/25/50/100
0/0.0031/0.0062/0.0125/0.025/0.05
0/50/200
0/25/50/75
0/50/1 00/250/500/750/1 000
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/100
0/1/3/10/50/100
0/5000/10500
0/40/80
0/340
0/0.85
0/1/2.5/5/10/25/50
0/5
0/0.48
0/50
0/18.08
0/15/40
0/31.5
0/50
0/50
0/40
0/50
0/1 .44
0/50/100
0/200
0/300
0/500
ug/kg bw/d
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/d
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
% in diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
ug/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg/d
mg/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
1 perw
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
1 perw
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
u
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
UX
UX
U
U
U
u
u
u
M
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
FD
DR
DR
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
FD
64
5
2
14
13
30
2
2
2
30
48
100
180
180
21
24
60
9
6
6
4
12
18
30
12
10
6
6
12
180
170
19
170
7
8
91
42
10
w
w
yr
d
w
d
w
mo
yr
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
yr
w
w
d
w
mo
mo
mo
w
w
mo
mo
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
w
NR
NR
10
NR
5
1
5
5
7
NR
NR
NR
NR
6
NR
70
NR
6-8
1
1
NR
NR
21
21
3
NR
1
5
28
NR
NR
NR
7
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
w
d
w
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
d
NR
mo
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
d
mo
NR
mo
mo
d
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
AD
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
SM
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
YO
JV
NR
JV
B
F
F
F
F
NR
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
B
F
B
B
M
NR
M
F
M
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
PTH
HIS
ORW
HIS
GRS
HIS
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORW
GRS
ORW
HIS
ORW
ORW
ORW
GRS
HIS
ORW
ORW
GRS
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORW
ORW
HIS
HIS
ORW
HIS
GRS
HIS
ORW
HIS
HIS
GRS
HIS
GHIS
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
NCRO
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
GHIS
SMTX
BDWT
ORWT
GHIS
ORWT
SMTX
SMTX
BDWT
GHIS
ORWT
ORWT
BDWT
ORWT
ORWT
GHIS
NCRO
SMTX
SMTX
GHIS
GHIS
ORWT
GHIS
BDWT
GHIS
ORWT
GHIS
NPHR
BDWT
GLSN
KI
LI
BO
WO
LI
BR
LI
KI
BO
HE
WO
HE
KI
KI
LI
KI
WO
KI
KI
LI
WO
KI
LI
KI
KI
LI
KI
LI
KI
IN
LI
WO
KI
KI
BO
KI
WO
HE
6.90
1.24
1.78
220
1.00
1.00
0.500
40.0
149
30.0
50.0
0.00620
50.0
75.0
100
2.82
100
10.0
10500
80.0
340
0.850
47.1
1650
10.0
2.00
200
60.0
100
0.0125
200
250
50
1.00
5.00
0.480
50.0
18.08
15.0
31.5
50.0
50.0
40.0
50.0
1.44
100
200
300
500
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
0.602
0.02125
0.036
0.338
0.225
0.091
0.189
0.215
0.03
0.08
0.3412
0.225
0.2
0.445
0.267
0.438
0.2145
12.9
1.01
0.0159
0.042
0.0071
0.425
0.248
0.462
0.523
0.10825
0.035
0.2819
0.5788
0.2798
0.043
0.1983
0.200
0.12
0.15
3
14.8
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.045267
0.00343
0.004469
0.044
0.020158
0.009578
0.0134
0.016
0.0032
0.0145
0.037613
0.020158
0.023257
0.035311
0.01619
0.0282
0.019382
0.562162
0.0029
0.002283
0.005073
0.001177
0.03
0.028226
0.036416
0.0174
0.011047
0.004367
0.024
0.043828
0.022
0.005831
0.023079
na
0.012024
0.017952
0.169492
0.629378
0.00690
0.0584
0.221
0.651
1.00
1.00
2.65
2.98
4.97
5.44
5.51
5.55
5.81
5.95
6.06
6.44
9.04
10.0
10.5
11.5
41.1
120
5.85
4.88
10.0
10.6
14.9
10.9
11.0
11.2
23.3
15.2
50.0
0.0706
0.569
1.04
1.67
1.85
1.87
2.68
3.79
3.93
5.42
5.82
7.20
10.0
14.7
17.0
21.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
8
8
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
8
10
5
5
8
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
5
6
10
10
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
10
10
6
10
6
7
5
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
8
8
4
8
8
4
10
10
10
8
4
10
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
68
70
79
72
79
75
78
78
70
80
70
79
72
73
79
69
66
81
82
78
70
69
69
67
70
66
72
73
69
73
69
74
68
68
73
68
73
72
Reproduction
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
646
525
822
643
443
647
694
669
754
809
641
569
9321
560
778
661
607
560
592
651
113
748
Wills etal 1981
Webster, 1988
Sorell and Braziano, 1 990
Combs et al, 1 983
Sutou, et al, 1 980
Sutou etal, 1980
Sawicka-Kapusta et al 1994
Ahokas etal 1980
Loeser andLorke 1977
Baranski and Sitarek, 1987
Baranski et al, 1 983
Zielinska-Psuja et al, 1 979
Sasser et al, 1 985
Machemer and Lorke, 1 981
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Zenicketal 1982
Caflisch, 1994
Machemer and Lorke, 1 981
Desietal, 1998
Cornwall et al, 1984
Seidenberg et al 1 986
Wardell etal., 1982
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
3
4
5
4
4
3
4
4
2
2
5
0/5.5/6.9
0/1.48//242.7/39806
0/220/1650/2860
0/4.0/7.6/10.1/15.9
0/0.1/1/10
0/0.1/1.0/10
0/10/20/60
0/0.07/0.53/1.52
0/1/3/10/30
0/0.04/0.4/4.0/40
0/0.04/0.4/4
0/8.8/88
0/0.69/1.5/2.5
0/1.84/6.13/18.39/61.32
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/17.2/34.4/68.8
0/50/100
0/1.2/3.5/12.5
0/3.5/7.0/14.0
0/25
0/340
0/10/50/75/100
ug/kg bw/d
ug/L
ug/org/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw
mg/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
5 per w
5 per w
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
DLY
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
u
u
u
FD
DR
DR
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
GV
DR
DR
DR
FD
GV
GV
GV
GV
64
60
14
57
6
6
6
21
3
7
8
3
21
9
24
11
40
9
16
13
4
12
w
d
d
d
w
w
d
d
mo
w
w
mo
d
d
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
NR
8
NR
NR
5
5
NR
NR
NR
3
3
NR
5
4
70
100
NR
4
12
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
w
w
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
mo
mo
d
d
NR
mo
w
NR
NR
NR
GE
GE
GE
JV
GE
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
AD
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
B
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
PROG
PRWT
PRWT
TEWT
OTHR
RSEM
DEYO
PRWT
SPCL
GREP
RSEM
TEWT
PRWT
FERT
PRFM
SPCL
TEWT
FERT
PRWT
RSEM
PRWT
RSEM
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
SM
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
SM
TE
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
6.90
243
220
15.9
1.00
1.00
10.0
0.530
30.0
4.00
4.00
8.80
1.50
6.13
2.82
68.8
100
12.5
14.0
25.0
340
50.0
39806
1650
10.0
10.0
20.0
1.52
40.0
88.0
2.50
18.4
75.0
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
0.34
0.0225
0.338
0.2304
0.2
0.25
0.0575
0.338
0.315
0.247
0.192
0.00031
0.25
0.382
0.438
0.431
0.25
0.382
0.297
0.25
0.042
0.2
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
0.028303
0.0088
0.044
0.0129
0.018298
0.021982
0.006568
0.037296
0.026581
0.021765
0.017694
8.88E-05
0.02843
0.031147
0.0282
0.046416
0.02843
0.0336
0.025326
0.021982
0.005073
0.001
0.00690
0.0939
0.651
0.890
1.00
1.00
1.14
1.57
2.53
4.00
4.00
5.40
6.00
6.13
6.44
7.41
11.4
12.5
13.9
25.0
41.1
50.0
15.6
4.88
10.0
10.0
2.28
4.50
40.0
54.0
10.0
18.4
75.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
8
8
10
5
10
8
8
10
5
8
5
5
5
10
8
8
8
8
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
6
6
6
10
10
5
5
6
10
10
10
7
10
7
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
6
8
4
8
8
10
10
4
8
4
8
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
1
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
1
3
10
1
1
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
74
76
78
70
85
90
84
79
70
85
72
83
81
92
66
67
74
74
77
79
80
92
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 4 of 8
Ref
Result #
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
2;
1
652
625
824
66
506
571
543
550
823
544
608
2857
3731
Simmons et al, 1984
Wheltonetal, 1988
Webster, 1978
Schroeder and Mitchener, 1971
Swiergosz et al 1 998
Hastings et al, 1978
Steibertetal, 1984
Malloletal., 1984
Webster, 1979
Steibertetal., 1984
Gupta etal, 1993
Saxena, etal. 1989
Pond and Walker, 1975
Exposure
Chemical Form
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride hydrate
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
MW%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Q
'C
8.
X
68
&
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
4
3
4
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
!fi
%
&
~D
o
U
0/10/25/50
0/5.0/50.0
0/10/20/40
0/10
0/15/40
0/17200
0/50
0/40
0/40
0/50
0/6.3
0/2.140
0/200
Cone/Dose Units
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
ug/g diet
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Application Frequency
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
GV
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
Exposure Duration
13
252
19
6
6
111
170
25
19
170
28
120
21
Duration Units
d
d
d
mo
mo
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
§i
<;
NR
68
NR
21
5
NR
NR
2
NR
7
NR
NR
12
Age Units
NR
d
NR
d
mo
NR
NR
w
NR
w
NR
NR
w
Lifestage
GE
GE
GE
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
GE
JV
GE
X
£
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
B
F
F
F
M
F
Control Type
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
C
c
c
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Type
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect Measure
RSEM
PROG
PRWT
DEYO
SPCL
PRWT
PRWT
TEWT
PRWT
PRWT
PRWT
SPCL
PRWT
Response Site
WO
wo
wo
wo
TE
WO
WO
TE
WO
WO
WO
TE
WO
Study NOAEL
50.0
Study LOAEL
5.00
10.0
10.0
15.0
17200
50.0
40.0
40.0
50.0
6.30
2.14
200
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
3?
C
j=
3f
*3
&
§
g
0.24
0.0252
0.051
0.0225
0.035
0.1
0.2798
0.217
0.032
0.1983
0.18
0.294
0.2046
Ingestion Rate Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.021256
0.003334
0.006799
0.003255
0.004367
0.012463
0.022
0.025029
0.00447
0.023079
0.021153
0.032896
0.0172
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
50.0
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
0.661
1.42
1.45
1.87
2.14
3.93
4.61
5.59
5.82
6.30
7.28
236
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
8
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
Test Concentrations
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
4
10
4
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
Dose Quantification
10
6
6
5
6
6
7
5
6
6
10
6
7
Endpoint
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
"«
£
77
79
80
67
79
68
75
73
74
74
73
69
80
Growth
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
646
471
471
471
685
488
639
753
483
669
670
12092
809
3703
483
483
720
14446
3730
776
643
643
443
563
626
446
21111
560
783
521
754
710
770
733
591
543
502
650
814
632
506
569
21111
551
547
661
677
720
690
Wills etal 1981
Vreman etal, 1988
Vreman et al, 1 988
Vreman et al, 1 988
Lmd etal., 1997
King et al, 1 992
Merali and Singhal, 1980
Rastogi etal 1977
Williams etal 1978
Ahokas etal 1980
Cousins etal 1977
Koo and Winslow, 1 983
Baranski and Sitarek, 1987
Doyle etal, 1974
Williams etal 1978
Williams etal 1978
Ogoshietal., 1989
Schroeder et al, 1963
Perry etal, 1977
Yuhasetal 1979
Combs et al, 1 983
Combs et al, 1 983
Sutou, et al, 1 980
Takashima et al 1 980
Bhattacharyya et al, 1 988
Loeser and Lorke, 1 977
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Machemer and Lorke, 1 981
Mitra etal, 1995
Mangier etal., 1988
Loeser and Lorke 1977
Yuyamal982
Washko and Cousins 1 977
Lee etal., 1994
Mitsumori et al., 1998
Steibertetal., 1984
Cousins et al., 1973
Chetty et al, 1 980
Koller and Roan, 1 977
Watanabe et al, 1 986
Swiergosz et al 1 998
Zielinska-Psuja et al, 1 979
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Gustafson and Mercer, 1984
Blakely, 1984
Zenicketal 1982
Weber and Reid 1969
Ogoshietal., 1989
Tanaka et al 1 995
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride (CdC12.1K
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride hydrate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
2
2
2
2
5
3
3
2
4
3
3
5
5
3
2
3
2
7
4
5
5
4
4
3
5
2
5
2
2
5
4
2
4
5
2
5
4
4
6
3
3
2
7
4
4
4
6
3
0/5.5/6.9
0/1.2
0/1.3
0/1.8
0/1 .24
0/0.47/0.86/2.27/4.46
0/0.1/1.0
0/0.1/1
0/5.09
0/0.07/0.53/1.52
0/5/25
0/2/5
0/0.04/0.4/4.0/40
0/10.8/29.4/59.7/111.2
0/4.93/12.82
0/16.67
0/5/10
0/5
0/1/2.5/5/10/25/50
0/1/10/100
0/4.0/7.6/10.1/15.9
0/4.0/7.6/10.1/15.9
0/0.1/1/10
0/10/50/100
0/5/50
0/1/3/10/30
0/15
0/1.84/6.13/18.39/61.32
0/18.08
0/31.5
0/1/3/10/30
0/0.5/2.0/5.0
0/25
0/1/3/10
0/8/40/200/600
0/50
0/50/150/450/1350
0/25/50/100
0/3/30/300
0/0.38/1.34/5.62/6.14/149
0/15/40
0/8.8/88
0/50
0/50/1 00/250/500/750/1 000
0/5000/10000/50000
0/17.2/34.4/68.8
0/0.019/0.095/0.186
0/10/20/40/80/160
0/0.52/106
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/org/d
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg bw
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
ug/org/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
ug/L
mg/L
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
1 per w
DLY
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
5 per w
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
M
M
M
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
M
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
DR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
GV
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
64
330
328
330
5
128
7
30
40
21
14
11
12
163
40
40
4
32
24
2
57
57
6
19
252
3
36
9
6
18
3
2
8
8
4
170
6
4
70
2
6
3
330
21
3
80
3
4
5
w
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
w
d
mo
w
d
d
w
mo
d
mo
d
d
w
mo
mo
w
w
w
d
d
w
w
d
yr
mo
mo
d
d
w
d
w
w
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
3
4
NR
NR
21
28
21
35
NR
NR
5
NR
68
4-6
27
2
1
28
NR
5
NR
60
5
NR
55
NR
28
7
5
NR
27
NR
6
100
NR
24
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
w
NR
d
mo
d
mo
mo
d
NR
w
NR
d
w
mo
d
NR
d
w
mo
NR
d
NR
w
d
NR
w
w
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
B
M
M
M
F
F
M
NR
NR
F
M
M
F
M
NR
NR
F
B
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
B
F
F
NR
F
B
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
NR
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
B
NR
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
BO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
6.90
1.20
1.30
1.80
1.24
4.46
0.100
0.100
5.09
0.07
5.00
5.00
0.400
29.4
12.82
16.67
5.00
5
10
10
15.9
15.9
1.00
10.0
5.00
30.0
15.0
1.84
18.08
31.5
30.0
0.500
25.0
3.00
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
30.0
149
40.0
8.80
50.0
100
50000
68.8
0.186
80.0
106
1.00
1.00
0.53
25.0
4.00
59.7
10.0
25
100
10.0
50.0
50.0
6.13
2.00
10.0
200
150
100
300
88.0
250
160
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
0.602
500
500
500
0.02125
90
0.02
0.104
0.0284
0.338
0.385
0.49
0.2
65.66
0.0268
0.0288
0.2024
0.1652
0.465
0.43
0.2304
0.2304
0.2
0.1
0.040
10.5
0.164
0.3575
0.10825
0.341
0.315
0.189
0.314
0.5019
0.13
0.2798
13.72
0.2631
0.018
0.03
0.035
0.306
0.327
0.267
0.0225
0.446
0.0218
0.4702
0.39
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
0.045267
3.30
3.40
5.20
0.00343
1.60
0.002757
0.01069
0.00508
0.037296
0.0206
0.0317
0.018298
1.99
0.00442
0.00604
0.023508
0.019581
0.03
0.0331
0.0129
0.0129
0.018298
0.01035
0.00867
0.474651
0.019453
0.029495
0.011047
0.024
0.026581
0.0134
0.00349
0.038982
0.0100
0.0209
1.11
0.022924
0.002663
0.0032
0.004367
0.025955
0.036202
0.01619
0.003255
0.047867
0.00557
0.050198
0.031682
0.0069
0.00792
0.00884
0.0187
0.0584
0.0793
0.100
0.100
0.179
0.207
0.268
0.323
0.400
0.448
0.478
0.579
0.581
0.593
0.645
0.770
0.890
0.890
.00
.04
.08
.36
.78
.84
.85
2.22
2.53
2.65
2.78
3.00
3.08
3.73
4.05
4.36
4.44
4.97
4.99
5.40
5.54
6.06
7.23
7.38
8.53
8.54
8.61
1.00
1.00
1.57
1.34
4.00
0.909
1.16
1.61
7.70
10.0
5.18
10.8
6.13
10.6
10.0
15.4
12.1
8.71
44.4
54.0
15.2
17.1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
5
10
10
8
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
8
10
10
10
5
8
10
5
10
10
10
8
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
7
7
10
10
7
5
7
7
10
7
7
7
5
6
7
7
7
7
10
6
7
6
6
10
6
7
6
7
6
10
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
10
6
6
5
6
7
5
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
4
8
8
4
8
10
4
4
10
4
10
8
4
4
8
8
8
4
4
8
4
4
4
8
4
8
8
4
10
10
8
4
4
8
4
10
4
4
4
10
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
1
10
10
8
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
72
69
69
69
74
74
88
83
69
75
82
72
83
80
69
69
77
66
74
72
69
69
83
81
82
68
72
88
76
73
68
82
72
88
82
73
84
83
76
74
68
81
72
83
71
72
69
77
73
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 5 of 8
Ref
Result #
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
2;
1
25891
632
560
507
25890
720
488
617
3847
465
629
772
636
637
615
825
494
583
572
780
768
780
662
3711
544
801
2640
638
3733
556
3733
659
667
3731
574
149
440
677
Wlostowski et al, 2000
Watanabeetal, 1986
Machemer and Lorke, 1 981
Kodamaetal., 1989
Wlostowski and Krasowska, 1 999
Ogoshietal., 1989
King etal, 1992
Nation etal., 1990
Exonetal, 1979
Hamada et al, 1 991
Weigel etal 1987
Bakry et al, 1 992
Smith etal, 1985
Raj anna etal, 1984
Groten et al, 1 991
Wilson etal 1940
Osuna and Edds, 1 980
Pond etal, 1973
Suzuki and Yoshida, 1 978
Suzuki and Yoshida 1979
Suzuki and Yoshida 1978
Suzuki and Yoshida 1979
Meyer et al 1 982
Lynch etal., 1976
Steibertetal, 1984
Ando etal., 1978
Freundt and Irbahim, 1 990
Nakamura et al., 1983
Banis et al 1 969
Iguchi and Sano, 1 982
Banis et al 1 969
Eakinetal 1980
Kajikawa etal 1981
Pond and Walker, 1975
Suzuki and Yoshida 1977
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Dodds-Smith et al., 1 992
Weber and Reid 1969
Exposure
Chemical Form
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Rock phosphate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride dihydrate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride dihydrate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
MW%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
61.32
100
100
100
100
100
Q
'C
8.
X
68
&
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiars )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Shrew (Sorex araneus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
# of Cone/ Doses
3
5
4
6
3
3
3
2
5
6
3
2
2
4
2
6
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
5«
98
1
~D
o
U
0/5000/10500
0/0.48/1.78/1.75/47.1
0/1.2/3.5/12.5
0/1/3/10/50/100
0/40/80
0/80/160
0/0.61/1.20
0/100
0/3/30/300/600
0/1/3/10/50/100
0/0.85/2.25
0/0.143/0.561/2.00
0/1.0
0/25/50/75
0/30.5
0/0.0031/0.0062/0.0125/0.025/0.05
0/88
0/154
0/50
0/50/100/200
0/50
0/50
0/30/60
0/5.74
0/50
0/10
0/100
0/200
0/100
0/50/100
0/100
0/150
0/200
0/200
0/200
0/500
0/0.73
0/5.71/21.6/9.81
Cone/Dose Units
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw
mg/d
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
ug/g diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
% in diet
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
ug/g diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/org/d
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Application Frequency
1 perw
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
3 perw
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
Method of Analyses
ux
M
U
U
UX
U
M
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
M
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Route of Exposure
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
OR
DR
GV
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
Exposure Duration
6
2
9
250
6
4
132
61
6
9
6
2
14
180
7
25
4
50
14
28
9
14
30
63
170
2
5
11
30
8
3
16
91
21
10
2
12
3
Duration Units
w
yr
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
yr
w
w
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
w
w
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
w
w
w
§i
<;
1
10
4
8
1
2
NR
50
NR
6-8
NR
NR
5
6
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
7
64
NR
NR
NR
NR
5
NR
NR
12
NR
NR
NR
NR
Age Units
mo
w
mo
mo
mo
yr
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
d
w
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lifestage
JV
GE
GE
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
NR
JV
YO
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
X
£
M
F
F
B
M
NR
F
M
M
B
M
B
M
M
B
M
M
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
M
B
M
M
F
M
M
B
B
Control Type
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Type
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
DVP
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect Measure
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
GDPV
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GMPH
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
Response Site
WO
wo
wo
BO
WO
FM
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
EY
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
BO
wo
wo
wo
TB
WO
WO
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
Study NOAEL
10500
47.1
12.5
100
80
160
1.20
100
300
50.0
Study LOAEL
600
100
0.850
0.143
1.00
25.0
30.5
0.00310
88.0
154
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
30.0
5.74
50.0
10.0
100
200
100
100
100
150
200
200
200
500
0.73
5.71
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
3?
C
j=
3f
*3
&
§
g
1.01
0.032
0.382
8
0.0159
0.05401
0.09
0.0002
0.0249
12.9
0.257
0.172
0.1003
0.4589
0.130
0.1
18.73
28.55
0.13906
0.1991
0.1108
0.1343
0.08
71.4
0.1983
0.156
0.28
0.1678
0.144
0.12
0.0955
0.25
0.15
0.2046
0.100
11.7
0.0071
0.01
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.0029
0.008
0.031147
0.379574
0.0025
0.054007
1.62
6.26E-05
0.003566
0.562162
0.022486
0.016164
0.010376
0.036215
0.012842
0.01035
0.73
0.72
0.0113
0.01823
0.011261
0.01319
0.0145
0.051
0.023079
0.014918
0.031483
0.008
0.013968
0.012024
0.009966
0.021982
0.017952
0.0172
0.01035
0.518807
0.001177
0.00414
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
10.5
11.8
12.5
12.5
12.6
16.9
21.3
31.3
43.0
50.0
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
85.9
100
0.0744
0.143
1.00
1.97
3.01
3.21
3.43
3.88
4.06
4.58
5.08
5.18
5.44
5.74
5.82
6.13
6.89
9.54
9.70
10.0
10.4
13.2
14.7
16.8
20.7
75.8
103
571
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
5
10
10
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
5
8
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
Test Concentrations
10
10
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Quantification
10
7
10
6
7
5
7
6
6
10
6
10
10
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
10
6
10
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
7
Endpoint
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
10
1
1
1
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
6
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
"«
£
82
74
72
68
83
67
74
68
73
87
76
84
84
77
82
77
83
78
78
77
77
77
78
79
72
84
72
78
77
77
77
72
72
78
77
77
77
78
Survival
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
646
446
506
521
754
615
809
641
625
443
9321
560
149
113
502
440
677
14446
14447
3711
Wills etal 1981
Loeser and Lorke, 1 977
Swiergosz et al 1 998
Mangier etal., 1988
Loeser and Lorke 1977
Groten et al, 1 991
Baranski and Sitarek, 1987
Baranski et al, 1 983
Whelton etal, 1988
Sutou, et al, 1 980
Sasser et al, 1 985
Machemer and Lorke, 1 981
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Seidenberg et al 1 986
Cousins et al., 1973
Dodds-Smith et al., 1 992
Weber and Reid 1969
Schroeder et al, 1963
Schroeder et al, 1964
Lynch etal., 1976
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride hydrate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Shrew (Sorex araneus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Cattle (Bos taurus )
3
5
3
2
5
2
5
4
3
4
4
4
2
2
5
2
4
2
2
2
0/5.5/6.9
0/1/3/10/30
0/15/40
0/31.5
0/1/3/10/30
0/30.5
0/0.04/0.4/4.0/40
0/0.04/0.4/4
0/5.0/50.0
0/0.1/1/10
0/0.69/1.5/2.5
0/1.2/3.5/12.5
0/500
0/340
0/50/150/450/1350
0/0.73
0/5.71/21.6/9.81
0/5
0/5
0/5.74
ug/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
mg/org/d
mg/kg bw
mg/kg diet
mg/kg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
5 per w
5 perw
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
ADL
DLY
DLY
3 perw
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
GV
GV
FD
GV
DR
FD
FD
GV
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
OR
64
3
6
18
3
56
13
8
252
6
21
9
10
4
6
12
3
6
18
63
w
mo
mo
mo
mo
d
w
w
d
w
d
d
w
d
w
w
w
mo
mo
d
NR
4-6
5
28
NR
5
3
3
68
5
5
4
NR
NR
55
NR
NR
28
21
NR
NR
mo
mo
d
NR
w
mo
mo
d
w
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
d
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
GE
JV
GE
GE
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
B
B
M
F
B
B
F
F
F
B
F
F
M
F
M
B
B
M
B
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
6.90
30.0
15.0
31.5
30.0
30.5
4.00
4.00
50.0
10.0
2.50
12.5
500
340
1350
0.730
5.71
40
40.0
21.6
5.00
5.00
5.74
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
0.602
10.5
0.035
0.341
0.315
0.29
0.247
0.192
0.0252
0.25
0.25
0.382
14.8
0.042
13.84
0.0071
0.01
0.3405
0.0375
71.4
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
0.045267
0.474651
0.004367
0.024
0.026581
0.024834
0.021765
0.017694
0.003334
0.021982
0.02843
0.031147
0.629378
0.005073
0.69
0.001177
0.00414
0.037544
0.00465
0.051
0.00690
1.36
1.87
2.22
2.53
2.61
4.00
4.00
6.61
10.0
10.0
12.5
21.3
41.1
67.3
103
571
4.99
40.0
2160
0.551
0.620
5.74
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
8
8
10
8
5
10
10
8
10
10
10
5
5
8
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
6
6
7
6
6
10
10
6
10
7
10
5
10
7
6
7
6
6
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
10
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
1
10
10
10
1
10
10
1
10
10
10
1
10
10
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
73
78
84
74
69
83
84
76
78
85
74
73
77
79
70
78
83
67
73
80
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 6 of 8
Ref
Result #
2;
1
Exposure
Chemical Form
MW%
Q
'C
8.
X
68
£
# of Cone/ Doses
!fi
%
&
~D
o
U
Cone/Dose Units
Wet Weight Reported?
Percent Moisture
Application Frequency
Method of Analyses
Route of Exposure
Exposure Duration
Duration Units
§i
<;
Age Units
Lifestage
X
£
Control Type
Test Location
Effects
General Effect Group
Effect Type
Effect Measure
Response Site
Study NOAEL
Study LOAEL
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
If
c
J=
3f
*3
&
§
1
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
Dose Route
Test Concentrations
Chemical form
Dose Quantification
Endpoint
Dose Range
Statistical Power
Exposure Duration
Test Conditions
"«
£
Data Not Used to Derive Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
13088
471
471
471
471
14697
471
471
471
453
453
489
483
483
483
525
12092
483
483
483
757
3701
594
594
633
483
483
508
508
508
508
643
643
643
643
643
643
611
611
446
446
446
21111
21111
480
480
480
3703
536
483
659
659
659
754
754
754
754
780
711
711
3730
21013
Pechovaetal, 1998
Vremanetal, 1988
Vremanetal, 1988
Vreman et al, 1 988
Vreman et al, 1 988
Herman et al, 1 980
Vreman et al, 1 988
Vreman et al, 1 988
Vreman et al, 1 988
Berry etal, 1999
Berry etal, 1999
Smith etal, 1991
Williams etal 1978
Williams etal 1978
Williams etal 1978
Webster, 1988
Koo and Winslow, 1 983
Williams etal 1978
Williams etal 1978
Williams etal 1978
Mercado andBibby 1973
Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1 969
Schumann et al., 1 996
Schumann et al., 1 996
Lockett and Leary, 1986
Williams etal 1978
Williams etal 1978
Wlostowski et al., 1 996
Wlostowski et al., 1 996
Wlostowski et al., 1 996
Wlostowski et al., 1 996
Combs et al, 1 983
Combs et al, 1 983
Combs et al, 1 983
Combs et al, 1 983
Combs et al, 1 983
Combs et al, 1 983
Saygi et al, 1 991
Saygi et al, 1 991
Loeser and Lorke, 1 977
Loeser and Lorke, 1 977
Loeser and Lorke, 1 977
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Boscolo et al, 1 985
Boscolo et al, 1 985
Boscolo et al, 1 985
Doyle etal, 1974
Murthyetal., 1986
Williams etal 1978
Eakin etal 1980
Eakin etal 1980
Eakin etal 1980
Loeser and Lorke 1977
Loeser and Lorke 1977
Loeser and Lorke 1977
Loeser and Lorke 1977
Suzuki and Yoshida 1979
Battersby et al 1 982
Battersby et al 1 982
Perry etal, 1977
Jm etal, 1999
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
cadmium
cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
cadmium acetate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvan cus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvan cus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvan cus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvan cus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvan cus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvan cus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Bank vole
Bank vole
Bank vole
Bank vole
Goat (Capra hircus )
Goat (Capra hircus )
Goat (Capra hircus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Dog (Canis familiaris )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Sheep (Ovis aires )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sprague Dawley
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
5
5
5
2
2
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
5
3
2
3
3
2
5
5
5
5
2
3
3
7
3
0/1/2
0/1.2
0/1.2
0/1.3
0/1.3
0/0.1/5
0/1.8
0/1.8
0/1.8
0/5
0/5
0/0.025/0.125
0/5.09
0/5.09
0/5.09
0/1.48//242.7/39806
0/2/5
0/4.93/12.82
0/4.93/12.82
0/4.93/12.82
0/5
0/5
0/10
0/10
0/5
0/16.67
0/16.67
0/13.2
0/13.2
0/13.2
0/13.2
0/10.4/18.0/28.5
0/10.4/18.0/28.5
0/10.4/18.0/28.5
0/4.0/7.6/10.1/15.9
0/4.0/7.6/10.1/15.9
0/4.0/7.6/10.1/15.9
0/10
0/10
0/1/3/10/30
0/1/3/10/30
0/1/3/10/30
0/15
0/15
0/20
0/20
0/20
0/10.8/29.4/59.7/111.2
0/4200/8400
0/16.67
0/10/20
0/10/20
0/20
0/1/3/10/30
0/1/3/10/30
0/1/3/10/30
0/1/3/10/30
0/50
0/5/50
0/5/50
0/1/2.5/5/10/25/50
0/50/100
mg/org/d
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg bw/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/L
mg/kg diet
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/1
mg/1
mg/L
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/org/d
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
ug/g diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/org/d
ug/L
ug/org/d
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
u
M
M
M
M
U
M
M
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
M
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
92
330
330
328
328
40
330
330
330
60
60
394
40
40
40
60
11
40
40
40
50
1134
7
7
16
40
40
6
6
6
6
125
125
125
57
57
57
52
52
3
3
3
36
36
10
10
10
163
21
40
20
20
20
3
3
3
3
14
40
40
30
90
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
mo
d
d
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
w
mo
mo
mo
d
d
mo
mo
mo
d
d
d
mo
mo
mo
mo
mo
mo
mo
d
w
w
mo
d
14-30
NR
NR
NR
NR
40
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
13
NR
NR
NR
8
NR
NR
NR
NR
23
21
57
57
NR
NR
NR
1
1
1
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
5
4-6
4-6
4-6
NR
NR
3
3
3
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
12
22
21
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
w
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
d
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
mo
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
mo
mo
mo
NR
NR
mo
mo
mo
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
w
w
d
NR
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
GE
JV
JV
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
SM
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
JV
JV
SM
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
NR
NR
NR
F
M
NR
NR
NR
M
B
M
M
M
NR
NR
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
B
F
F
M
M
M
M
F
NR
M
M
M
B
B
B
B
M
M
M
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
FieldU
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
FieldA
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
BIO
BEH
PTH
BEH
PTH
BEH
BEH
BIO
PTH
REP
PTH
BIO
BEH
PHY
PTH
BEH
BIO
BEH
PHY
PTH
GRO
MOR
BEH
GRO
BEH
PTH
PHY
GRO
GRO
PTH
BEH
BEH
GRO
PTH
BEH
BIO
PTH
PTH
REP
BEH
PHY
PTH
BEH
PTH
GRO
PTH
REP
BEH
BEH
BEH
BIO
PHY
PHY
BEH
BIO
PHY
PTH
PTH
BIO
PTH
MOR
BIO
ENZ
FOB
HIS
FOB
HIS
BEH
FOB
CHM
HIS
REP
GRS
CHM
FOB
PHY
ORW
FOB
CHM
FOB
PHY
ORW
GRO
MOR
FOB
GRO
BEH
ORW
PHY
GRO
GRO
ORW
FOB
FOB
GRO
ORW
FOB
CHM
ORW
ORW
REP
FOB
PHY
ORW
FOB
GRS
GRO
HIS
REP
FOB
FOB
FOB
ENZ
PHY
PHY
FOB
CHM
PHY
ORW
ORW
HRM
HIS
MOR
CHM
ASAT
FCNS
GHIS
FCNS
GHIS
ACTV
FCNS
HMGL
GHIS
SPCL
BDWT
CALC
FCNS
FDCV
ORWT
WCON
CHOL
FCNS
FDCV
ORWT
BDWT
LFSP
FCNS
BDWT
ACTV
ORWT
FDCV
BDWT
BDWT
ORWT
FCNS
FCNS
BDWT
ORWT
FCNS
PHOS
ORWT
ORWT
TEDG
FCNS
BLPR
ORWT
WCON
BDWT
BDWT
GHIS
TEWT
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
Other
BLPR
BLPR
FCNS
HMGL
BLPR
ORWT
ORWT
TSTR
GHIS
MORT
TOPR
PL
WO
MT
WO
MT
WO
WO
BL
MT
SM
WO
SR
WO
WO
LI
WO
SR
WO
WO
LI
WO
WO
WO
wo
wo
LI
WO
WO
wo
MT
WO
WO
WO
KI
WO
KI
KI
KI
TE
WO
WO
MT
WO
WO
WO
MT
TE
WO
WO
WO
KI
BL
BL
WO
BL
WO
MT
LI
PL
PG
WO
UR
2.00
1.20
1.20
1.30
1.30
0.100
1.80
1.80
1.80
5.00
5.00
0.125
5.09
5.09
5.09
243
5.00
12.8
12.8
12.8
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
5.00
16.67
16.67
13.2
13.2
13.2
13.2
28.5
28.5
28.5
15.9
15.9
15.9
10.0
10.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
111
8400
16.7
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
100
5.00
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
272
500
500
500
500
0.217
500
500
500
78.12
78.12
340
0.0284
0.0284
0.0284
0.0225
0.49
0.0268
0.0268
0.0268
0.267
0.248
0.351
0.351
0.217
0.0288
0.0288
0.0204
0.0204
0.0204
0.0198
27.475
27.475
27.475
0.2304
0.2304
0.2304
0.1
0.1
10.5
10.5
10.5
0.296
0.296
3.76
3.76
3.76
63.92
0.225
0.0288
0.235
0.235
0.235
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.1343
0.523
0.523
0.275
200
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
15.3726
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
0.0250
5.2
5.2
5.2
0.75
0.75
8.276227
0.00508
0.00508
0.00508
0.0088
0.0371
0.00442
0.00442
0.00442
0.030164
0.028226
0.02
0.02
0.025029
0.00604
0.00604
0.0044
0.0044
0.0044
0.0044
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.0129
0.0129
0.0129
0.012463
0.012463
0.474651
0.474651
0.474651
0.033098
0.033098
0.326065
0.326065
0.326065
1.85
0.048
0.00604
0.02689
0.02689
0.02689
0.026581
0.026581
0.026581
0.026581
0.01319
0.055244
0.055244
0.03
11.65634
0.00735
0.00792
0.00792
0.00884
0.00884
0.0121
0.0187
0.0187
0.0187
0.0480
0.0480
0.125
0.179
0.179
0.179
0.352
0.379
0.478
0.478
0.478
0.565
0.569
0.570
0.570
0.577
0.579
0.642
0.647
0.647
0.647
0.667
0.840
0.840
0.840
0.890
0.890
0.890
1.25
1.25
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.68
1.68
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.79
1.89
2.29
2.29
2.29
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
4.91
5.28
5.28
5.45
5.83
0.607
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
10
7
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
7
7
7
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
7
6
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
10
4
1
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
8
9
4
8
4
4
4
8
8
4
4
4
8
4
4
1
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
10
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
1
4
9
1
4
4
4
4
4
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
10
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
3
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
57
65
65
65
65
63
65
62
65
64
58
65
65
65
65
59
63
65
65
65
62
58
60
64
57
65
65
58
58
54
54
61
65
61
65
62
65
53
59
64
64
64
57
61
62
58
64
65
57
65
49
52
52
64
61
64
64
64
55
58
60
56
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 7 of 8
Ref
Result #
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
2;
1
664
664
664
778
778
21121
2857
776
668
650
677
677
689
662
697
607
530
659
659
659
525
720
581
149
775
814
502
14697
649
522
776
720
822
21099
14580
672
672
779
770
15506
720
631
542
21111
607
664
21121
668
720
720
769
689
744
744
530
581
19500
Revis 1981
Revis 1981
Revis 1981
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Kotsoms andKlassen, 1978
Novellietal, 1998
Saxena, etal. 1989
Yuhasetal 1979
Bonner et al 1 980
Chetty et al, 1 980
Weber and Reid 1969
Weber and Reid 1969
Davis etal 1995
Meyer et al 1 982
Xu etal., 1993
Caflisch, 1994
Murthyetal., 1987
Eakinetal 1980
Eakinetal 1980
Eakinetal 1980
Webster, 1988
Ogoshietal., 1989
Nomiyama et al., 1 975
Van Vleet et al, 1981
Takizawaetal 1981
Koller and Roan, 1 977
Cousins et al., 1973
Herman et al, 1 980
Machidaetal., 1983
Muller and Stacey, 1988
Yuhasetal 1979
Ogoshietal., 1989
Sorell and Braziano, 1 990
Carmignam and Boscolo, 1984
Mahaffey etal., 1977
Larsson and Piscator 1 97 1
Larsson and Piscator 1 97 1
Priggeetal., 1977
Washko and Cousins 1 977
Schroeder, 1 968
Ogoshietal., 1989
Tewarietal., 1986
Valois and Webster, 1985
Sugawara and Sugawara, 1 983
Caflisch, 1994
Revis 1981
Novellietal, 1998
Bonner et al 1 980
Ogoshietal., 1989
Ogoshietal., 1989
Hokawaetal, 1978
Davis etal 1995
Tseng etal 1988
Tseng etal 1988
Murthyetal., 1987
Nomiyama et al., 1 975
Novellietal, 1994
Exposure
Chemical Form
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium chloride
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride hydrate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
MW%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
49.23
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Data Not Used to Derive Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value - Measurements of bioc
424
425
426
427
428
641
21073
489
536
824
Baranski etal, 1983
Cbmielmcka and Sowa, 1 996
Smith etal, 1991
Murthyetal., 1986
Webster, 1978
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium chloride
100
100
100
100
100
Q
'C
8.
X
68
&
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Sprague Dawley
Sprague Dawley
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
# of Cone/ Doses
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
4
2
4
4
4
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
4
3
2
2
3
4
5
3
3
2
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
6
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
9
!fi
%
&
~D
o
U
0/50
0/50
0/50
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/0.41/1.09/2.82
0/1 .44
0/2.140
0/1/10/100
0/75
0/25/50/100
0/0.019/0.095/0.186
0/0.019/0.095/0.186
0/90
0/30/60
0/30/75
0/50/100
0/100
0/150
0/150
0/150
0/1.48//242.7/39806
0/80/160
0/300
0/500
0/50/200
0/3/30/300
0/50/150/450/1350
0/0.1/5
0/0.3/30
0/48
0/1/10/100
0/5/10
0/220/1650/2860
0/10/20
0/50
0/25
0/25
0/25/50/100
0/25
0/3.570
0/10/20/40/80/160
0/100
0/40
0/50
0/50/100
0/50
0/1 .44
0/75
0/80/160
0/80/160
0/100
0/90
0/100
0/100
0/100
0/300
0/200
Cone/Dose Units
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/org/d
mg/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
ug/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
ug/g diet
ug/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/L
ug/org/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bw/d
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/d
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg diet
mg/L
Wet Weight Reported?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Percent Moisture
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Application Frequency
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
NR
ADL
NR
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
DLY
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
NR
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
ADL
Method of Analyses
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Route of Exposure
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
FD
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
FD
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
FD
GV
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
FD
DR
DR
DR
DR
FD
DR
Exposure Duration
3
90
60
24
24
7
120
13
48
8
3
3
112
30
87
40
120
16
16
16
60
4
52
10
180
70
6
40
12
6
13
4
14
190
10
1
2
48
8
727
4
45
3
330
40
45
7
48
4
4
60
112
30
30
120
4
7
Duration Units
mo
d
d
w
w
d
d
w
w
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
w
w
w
d
d
w
d
mo
w
w
w
d
d
w
mo
mo
d
w
d
w
d
w
d
d
d
d
w
w
w
d
d
d
d
d
w
d
§i
<;
3
3
3
70
70
NR
NR
35
NR
NR
NR
NR
40
NR
NR
NR
90
NR
NR
NR
8
2
NR
NR
NR
28
55
40
NR
NR
35
21
NR
NR
NR
8
8
NR
NR
21-23
24
NR
NR
27
NR
3
NR
NR
2
2
NR
40
NR
NR
21
NR
15
Age Units
mo
mo
mo
d
d
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
d
NR
NR
NR
w
yr
NR
NR
NR
d
d
d
NR
NR
d
d
NR
NR
NR
mo
mo
NR
NR
d
w
NR
NR
d
NR
mo
NR
NR
yr
yr
NR
d
NR
NR
d
NR
mo
Lifestage
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
JV
GE
AD
AD
JV
JV
JV
GE
AD
NR
JV
GE
JV
JV
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
GE
JV
AD
JV
JV
AD
JV
JV
AD
NR
AD
JV
AD
JV
JV
JV
AD
AD
SM
JV
JV
JV
JV
NR
AD
X
£
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
B
B
M
M
B
M
M
M
M
M
F
NR
M
M
F
NR
M
M
B
M
M
F
F
M
M
NR
NR
M
M
M
NR
M
NR
F
M
M
M
M
NR
NR
F
M
M
M
NR
M
M
Control Type
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
V
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
M
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
V
c
c
c
c
c
Test Location
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Lab
Effects
General Effect Group
BEH
GRO
PTH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
PTH
GRO
PTH
BEH
PHY
GRO
BIO
REP
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
PHY
BEH
PHY
PHY
BIO
BIO
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
PHY
BIO
BIO
GRO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
BIO
PTH
BIO
PHY
BIO
BIO
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
BEH
BIO
BIO
PTH
BIO
BIO
Effect Type
FOB
GRO
HIS
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
HIS
GRO
ORW
FOB
PHY
GRO
ENZ
REP
HRM
HIS
ENZ
ENZ
PHY
FOB
PHY
PHY
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
HIS
HRM
CHM
ENZ
ENZ
CHM
ENZ
PHY
CHM
CHM
GRO
CHM
CHM
CHM
ENZ
CHM
HIS
CHM
PHY
CHM
CHM
ENZ
GRS
CHM
CHM
BEH
ENZ
ENZ
HIS
ENZ
ENZ
Effect Measure
FCNS
BDWT
NCRO
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
BDWT
GHIS
BDWT
ORWT
FCNS
MEEN
BDWT
GLPX
PROG
TSTR
GHIS
Other
Other
BLPR
WCON
GPHY
Other
GLPX
PHOS
ACPH
GHIS
GHRM
GBCM
CCOX
ALPH
HMGL
ALAD
BLPR
RBCE
CALC
BDWT
HMCT
PCLV
CHOL
ALPH
GLUC
GHIS
ALBM
GPHY
Other
TOPR
ALPH
BDWT
MCHC
HMCT
AGGT
GPTR
GPTR
GHIS
ACPH
ALPH
Response Site
WO
wo
KI
WO
wo
wo
wo
LI
WO
MT
WO
WO
WO
KI
WO
PL
BR
KI
KI
BL
WO
FM
NR
BL
SR
MT
MT
BR
UR
LI
SR
BL
SR
BL
BL
TB
WO
BL
BL
SR
SR
BL
BR
SR
SV
KI
UR
BO
WO
BL
BL
WO
LI
LI
BR
UR
SR
Study NOAEL
50.0
50.0
50.0
2.82
2.82
1.44
2.14
100
75.0
100
0.186
0.186
90.0
60.0
75
100
100
150
150
150
243
160
300
500
200
300
1350
Study LOAEL
0.100
0.300
48.0
1.00
5.00
220
10.0
50.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
3.57
40.0
100
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
1.44
75.0
80.0
80.0
100
90.0
100
100
100
300
200
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
Body Weight Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
3?
c
J=
3f
*3
&
§
g
0.192
0.192
0.192
0.438
0.438
0.200
0.294
0.38
0.1
0.3692
0.0218
0.0218
0.4702
0.0794
0.02
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.235
0.235
0.0225
0.51
3
14.8
0.2
0.018
13.84
0.217
0.18
0.375
0.43
0.2024
0.338
0.267
0.523
0.523
0.523
0.3708
0.314
0.235
0.4702
0.12
0.0375
0.327
0.25
0.192
0.200
0.1
0.51
0.51
0.2145
0.4702
0.06
0.06
0.05
3
0.5
Ingestion Rate Reported?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Ingestion Rate in kg or L/day
0.0246
0.0246
0.0246
0.0282
0.0282
na
0.032896
0.0281
0.01035
0.030286
0.00557
0.00557
0.050198
0.0133
0.002928
0.02843
0.026375
0.021982
0.020892
0.020892
0.0088
0.054007
0.169492
0.629378
0.023257
0.002663
0.69
0.025029
0.01678
0.030677
0.0409
0.023508
0.044
0.030164
0.0174
0.055244
0.055244
0.040538
0.00349
0.02689
0.050198
0.012024
0.005155
0.036202
0.02843
0.0246
na
0.01035
0.054007
0.054007
0.019382
0.050198
0.00787
0.00787
0.006679
0.169492
0.053053
Result
NOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
6.41
6.41
6.41
6.44
6.44
7.20
7.28
7.39
7.76
8.20
8.53
8.53
9.61
10.1
11.0
11.4
11.5
13.2
13.3
13.3
15.6
16.9
17.0
21.3
23.3
44.4
67.3
LOAEL Dose (mg/kg/day)
0.0121
0.0280
0.0480
0.0951
0.581
0.651
1.13
1.67
2.64
2.64
2.73
2.78
3.57
4.27
4.93
5.50
5.54
5.69
6.41
7.20
7.76
8.47
8.47
9.04
9.61
13.1
13.1
13.4
17.0
22.3
Data Evaluation Score
Data Source
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Dose Route
10
10
10
10
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
5
5
10
5
10
8
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
Test Concentrations
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Chemical form
4
4
4
10
10
10
5
5
4
10
10
10
4
10
4
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
5
5
10
10
5
10
4
4
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
4
10
10
10
4
10
10
5
10
10
Dose Quantification
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
6
7
7
5
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
7
5
6
10
7
5
6
5
6
5
5
6
6
10
5
6
5
6
6
7
6
6
5
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
5
Endpoint
4
8
4
8
8
8
8
4
8
4
4
4
8
1
10
1
4
1
1
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
4
1
1
4
1
1
Dose Range
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Statistical Power
3
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
3
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Exposure Duration
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
6
10
10
10
3
3
10
6
10
10
10
6
6
3
10
10
10
10
3
3
Test Conditions
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
"«
£
56
58
54
64
64
63
63
55
62
64
65
65
56
62
59
61
54
56
55
58
59
63
64
63
56
56
65
58
64
60
61
64
65
62
63
58
65
61
65
64
64
63
60
65
64
60
65
64
63
60
63
61
65
65
63
63
57
liemical, behavioral and pathology changes in progeny of exposed parents
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Cattle (Bos taurus )
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
Mouse (Mus musculus)
4
6
3
3
2
0/0.04/0.4/4
0/0.72/1.34/3.04/4.59/9.17
0/0.025/0.125
0/4200/8400
0/40
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
mg/kg bw/d
ug/L
mg/L
N
N
N
N
N
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
5 perw
NR
ADL
ADL
DLY
u
u
u
u
u
GV
DR
FD
DR
DR
8
20
394
21
19
w
d
d
d
d
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
mo
NR
NR
NR
NR
GE
GE
GE
GE
GE
F
F
F
F
F
c
c
c
c
c
Lab
Lab
FieldA
Lab
Lab
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
OTHR
OTHR
OTHR
OTHR
OTHR
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
0.400
1.34
4.00
3.04
0.0250
4200
40.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.192
0.2
340
0.225
0.043
N
N
N
Y
N
0.017694
0.023257
8.276227
0.048
0.005831
0.400
1.34
4.00
3.04
0.0250
0.896
5.42
10
10
10
10
10
8
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
7
6
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
10
90
84
83
70
80
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
-------
Appendix 6.1 Mammalian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV)
Cadmium
Page 8 of 8
Ref
Result #
429
Z'
746
Stewart et all 984
Exposure
E
:_
S
1
u
Cadmium
MW%
100
Q
&
GO
I
Rat (Rattus norvegicus )
-g
# of Con
2
Q
o
U
0/25
.ti
£
Q
Q
c
o
U
mg/kg bw/d
a
Q
OH
DJD
Wet We
N
il,
3
tc
O
Percent
NR
u
c
p
fe
c
o
"a.
a.
DLY
S
X
«
c
i/i
*
Route ol
GV
c
«
^
Q
Q
Exposur
12
tt
.ti
5
Duratio
d
M
NR
»
c
a
NR
DJD
tc
=2
3
GE
X
F
Q
Control
C
c
s>
6J
Lab
Effects
Q.
O
O
OJ
e
General
REP
S.
Effect T
REP
Q
«
Oi
1
OTHR
Q
55
c
o
Q.
1
PY
^
H
O
Z
o
3
H
g
1
25.0
'onversion to mg/kg bw/da
8
m
.2f
Body W
Y
Sf
+j
.SP
i
0.25
^
1
ry
-2
(2
o
Q
DJD
C
N
«
a
o
DJD
+j
tc
Oi
DJD
C
0.021982
Result
?
DJD
~DJD
s
Q
Q
W
1
1?
f
"DJD
g
Q
S
3
25.0
Data Evaluation Score
^
Data So
10
3
Dose Ro
8
c
«
£
Q
Test Coi
10
g-
£
£
Chemicj
4
o
C
«
a
10
I
C
10
Q
DJD
C
4
S"
g
Statistic
10
c
«
^
Q
Q
Exposur
10
o
3
Test Coi
4
1
80
All abbreviations and definitions are used in coding stuides are available from Attachment 4-3 of the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA 2003).
Eco-SSLfor Cadmium
March 2005
------- |