United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
science tar a changing world
k British
=' Geological Survey
EPA/600/R/12/728 | January 2013 | www.epa.gov/researc
BGS OR/12/087
International Summit on
Integrated Environmental Modeling
December 7-9, 2010
USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA
/ -^
Office of Research and Development
Ecosystems Research Division, Athens Georgia
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International Summit on Integrated
Environmental Modeling
December 7-9, 2010
USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA
Integrated Environmental
Modeling Summit
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Workshop Report
Editors:
Roger Moore
OpenMI Association
Contributors:
Noha Gaber
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Pierre Glynn
U.S. Geological Survey
Alexey Voinov
International Environmental Modelling
and Software Society
Andrew Hughes
British Geological Survey
Gary Geller
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Gerry Laniak
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Gene Whelan
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Disclaimer:
The views expressed in these proceedings are those of the individual authors and may not necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Scientists
in USEPA have prepared the USEPA sections, and those sections have been reviewed in accordance
with USEPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication. Any
use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government. This document is published with the permission of the Director of British Geological
Survey (BGS) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
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1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 What is Integrated Environmental Modeling (IEM)? 3
1.3 Workshop outline 4
2 Day One- Laying the groundwork for roadmap development 5
2.1 Drivers for IEM 5
2.2 The State-of-the-art 7
2.3 A vision for IEM 11
2.4 Challenges ahead 13
2.5 Results of breakout groups for Day One 16
3 Day Two- Developing the IEM Roadmap 18
3.1 Science vision, goals and activities 18
3.2 Technology vision, goals and activities 21
3.3 Application vision, goals and activities 23
3.4 Organization/Community vision, goals and activities 26
4 Day Three - summary of roadmaps and development and implementation plans 29
4.1 Projects 29
4.2 Community governance 29
5 Summary and the way forward 31
6 References 32
7 Glossary 34
8 Appendices 36
Appendix 1: Original proposal to the FCO 37
Appendix 2: Agenda and running order 41
Appendix 3: Workshop participants 48
Appendix 4: Potential collaborative projects 51
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Acknowledgements
The organizing committee would like to thank the following organizations for their support of the Summit:
. The UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) for contributing to the funding and assisting
with the logistics
. British Geological Survey (BGS) for co-convening the meeting for contributing to its funding. This
document is published with the permission of the Director of the British Geological Survey (BGS)
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for co-convening the meeting. The
views expressed in these proceedings are those of the individual authors and may not
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the USEPA. Scientists in USEPA have prepared the
USEPA sections, and those sections have been reviewed in accordance with USEPA's peer and
administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication.
. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for providing the venue
. The OpenMI Association for initiating the meeting and for funding
. The Community for Integrated Environmental Modeling for making iemHUB available as an outlet
for the meeting's results
. All the organizations and individuals who participated and made it such a success.
. The reviewers of this document: Andrew Barkwith, BGS; Brad Keelor, FCO; Bob Kennedy, US
Army Corps of Engineers.
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Executive Summary
This report describes the International Summit on Integrated Environmental Modeling (IEM), held in
Reston, VA, on 7th-9th December 2010. The meeting brought together 57 scientists and managers from
leading US and European government and non-governmental organizations, universities and companies
together with international organizations. The Summit built on previous meetings which have been
convened over a number of years, including: the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
workshop on Collaborative Approaches to Integrated Modeling: Better Integration for Better Decision-
Making (December, 2008); the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco (December 2009); and the International
Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software (July 2010). From these meetings there is now
recognition that many separate communities are involved in developing IEM. The aim of the Summit was
to bring together two key groupings, the US and Europe, with the intention of creating a community open
to all.
The workshop reviewed the current state-of-the-art and concluded that there are a large number of
activities and means to provide the technology for integrated modeling: USEPA's FRAMES, EU-funded
OpenMI, Common Component Architecture (CCA) for CSDMS and Object Modeling System (QMS) by
the US Department of Agriculture.
Summit participants discussed what is needed to advance the science, technology and application of
integrated environmental modeling worldwide. The vision statement developed and higher-level goals for
each of these topics are summarized in Table 1 below. The common themes that emerged from
discussions included the following needs: to provide accessible linkable components, to address
uncertainty in linked model systems, to professionalize the development of integrated models, to engage
properly with stakeholders and develop a Community of Practice to aid the development and uptake of
IEM.
Many fruitful opportunities for collaboration leading to projects were identified. The need for a "showcase"
project to demonstrate beyond doubt the utility of IEM in solving problems for decision-makers was
recognized. There was also the realization that a number of short-term projects, so-called "low-hanging
fruit," are required. These would aid promotion of IEM by practitioners and include gathering examples
where IEM has helped to make better decisions. To encourage collaboration, 16 longer-term
collaborative projects were identified, including developing a Community of Practice for IEM (CIEM).
Given the positive energy and atmosphere of the meeting, it was agreed to produce a roadmap setting
out how to achieve the IEM vision.
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Table 1 Visions and goals for an IEM Roadmap
Topic
Vision
Goals
Science
Science supporting IEM and its application
will continue evolving to inform policy
decisions and communicate environmental
problems and solutions to society. IEM will
use state-of-the-art predictive capabilities for
multi-scale, multiple interacting processes
that represent environmental responses to
perturbations in natural or engineered
settings. Uncertainty analysis will be used to
evaluate the limitations of IEM critically.
a. Establishing a scientifically sound methodology for approaching problems which require
integrated modeling to find a solution
b. Establishing scientifically respected, controlled vocabularies, ontologies and catalogues of
processes, process variables, models and exchange items to reduce the opportunity for error
and automate construction of the model chain
c. Understanding and developing the means to handle the scientific issues that arise when models
based on different scales are linked
d. Understanding and developing the means to handle the scientific issues that arise when models
which run at different temporal or spatial resolutions are linked
e. Understanding and developing the means to reduce the instabilities that arise when models are
linked
f. Developing methods for assessing, quantifying and displaying the uncertainties arising from the
use of integrated modeling
g. Developing an approach to model development and a mindset among developers that assumes
at a point in a model's life cycle, it will need to be linked to other models
Technology
IEM technology will make it easier to find,
use, develop, integrate, understand, and
future-proof models and data.
a. Raising the level of interoperability and portability of modeling components
b. Automating IM processes that are irrelevant to the IM user
c. Improving the accessibility of tools by lowering the barriers to entry
d. Creating a web service market supported by e-infrastructure
e. Creating the ability to assess uncertainty and pass it down the model chain to deliver the
science work listed above
f. Establishing an IEM culture based upon best practices
Application
IEM will support robust and defensible
decision-making that provides for a range of
users and that produces results in an
appropriate form, using readily available data
and models.
a. Providing modeling platforms that make data, models and tools readily available
b. Establishing show-case projects that demonstrate the added value of integrated modeling
c. Describing uncertainty associated with results
d. Developing systems to manage and maintain an audit trail of integrated model runs
e. Engaging stakeholders
IV
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Organization/Community
IEM community will be open (sharing),
efficient, transparent and collaborative to
advance science and technologies for
making effective environmental decisions, for
issues requiring trans-disciplinary approach,
and for societal benefits.
a. Establish an inclusive IEM Community of Practice (CoP) that: (1) Recognizes realistic goals;
(2) Exists as the communication platform; (3) Attracts funding; and (4) Operates under clearly
defined contributions from each member/ member organization
b. Create an e-infrastructure that: (1) Provides a single catalogue of components (models, data,
tools); (2) Supports access to HPC & cloud computing; (3) Broadcasts funding opportunities for
IEM; and (4) Provides links to IEM practitioners and experts
c. Create a comprehensive IEM Education Plan encompassing technical workforce, users and the
public.
d. Reach common, agreed-upon standards of model linking and data sharing.
e. Assure that funding for CoP operations and projects in IEM is readily available and coordinated
across organizations
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1 Introduction
1.1 Background
It has become clear that there are "islands of excellence" emerging all around the world related to
integrated environmental modeling (IEM). For example, in Europe, the OpenMI Association is
championing the use of the OpenMI standard for linking models at run-time. In the US, FRAMES
is being developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Common Component
Architecture (CCA) by the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS), and Object
Modeling System (QMS) by the US Department for Agriculture (USDA). The complete list is too
long to enumerate here; however, the shared objective of all these initiatives is to enable us to
better understand and predict the wider implications of environmental events and their
management. In practical terms, it is about modeling how processes will interact. Such an ability
is essential to understanding and encapsulating how the earth system works, and to finding
sustainable solutions to the many challenges, large and small, facing the world. If IEM can be
made into a practical tool, a vast array of products and services should result.
While the potential of integrated modeling has been apparent for some time, we have lacked the
technology, standards, and organization to realize that potential. As Voinov et al. (2010) pointed
out, "there are significant scientific and technical challenges associated with constructing complex
Earth systems models. Overcoming these difficulties will require a collaborative modeling
approach based on the fundamental principles of open scientific research, including the sharing
of ideas, data, and software." Furthermore, it is recognized that the work of transforming
integrated modeling from its present state, essentially a research tool, to something that,
ultimately, anyone can use will require international efforts. The challenges are considerable and
so are the resources required. Formal and informal meetings have been occurring for some time
with the goals of promoting IEM and accelerating its development:
• In December 2008, the USEPA organized a workshop on "Collaborative Approaches to
Integrated Modeling: Better Integration for Better Decision-Making", to establish and
initiate a community of practice for integrated modeling science and technology. As a
result of this workshop and further discussions with several science-based communities
who conduct integrated environmental modeling, the unanimous conclusion that a web-
facilitated community of practice would be of great value to environmental modelers was
reached. The USEPA then worked with US and international collaborators to initiate the
Community of Practice for Integrated Environmental Modeling (CIEM).
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• At the AGU 2009 Fall meeting, the OpenMI Association suggested that IEM had reached
a stage for its potential to be demonstrated. A roadmap was therefore required to
demonstrate to potential users, developers and funding agencies that the potential was
achievable and would repay any investment required. The investment would not only
show returns in better and more sustainable decisions and fewer unanticipated
outcomes, but it could ultimately lead to a new wealth-generating industry.
• At the International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software in July 2010, the
USEPA launched the Community of Practice for Integrated Environmental Modeling, as
well as its online portal, the iemHUB. A workshop on the "Future of Science and
Technology of Integrated Modeling" was also organized to provide participants
opportunities to discuss advancing the science and technology of integrated modeling for
environmental assessment and decision-making. The workshop also sought to identify
software and computational technology trends and how these might impact the
development of integrated modeling. It was expected that these discussions would
inform a technology roadmap for IEM.
Initially, the meeting was conceived as a workshop for a small, self-selected group of US and EU
integrated modelers (see Appendix 1). Funding was obtained from the UK Foreign and
Commonwealth Office's Science and Innovation Network, which supports transatlantic
cooperation. However, the meeting rapidly became a much bigger event to be attended by senior
representatives of major government agencies, commercial companies and universities and,
consequently, attracted additional funding in cash and in-kind from the British Geological Survey
(BGS), the US Geological Survey (USGS), the USEPA, the OpenMI Association, the Community
of Practice on Integrated Environmental Modeling (CIEM) and the Interagency Steering
Committee on Multimedia Environmental Modeling (ISCMEM). The result was a meeting of
astonishing energy, with outputs far exceeding expectations of conveners.
As a result of the workshop, this report is one of five documents to be produced to aid promotion
of IEM and help secure funding (for more information see http://iemhub.orq/qroups/iscmem and
http://iemhub.org/tags/iemsummit1'):
1. A factual report on the workshop (this document).
2. A paper for a special edition of the Environmental Modelling and Software journal that
summarizes thinking behind the steps required to achieve the IEM vision.
1 Note whilst iemHUB is open to all, potential users need to register and obtain a username and password
to gain access to the documents and other resources held there.
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3. A roadmap detailing steps required to achieve this vision.
4. A Nature paper on IEM principles.
5. Supporting material to communicate the vision and roadmap to a range of stakeholders.
The workshop report itself summarizes both the workshop and its outcomes. It describes what
was undertaken which includes: establishing a vision, identifying goals and projects, and
summarizing a path forward. More detailed descriptions of workshop outputs are provided as
links to the iemHUB. Whilst it was supported by both European and US organizations, for
consistency with outputs from the workshop, American English is preferred throughout this report
unless a direct quote, organizational name or reference is used.
1.2 What is Integrated Environmental Modeling (IEM)?
At its most basic level, integrated modeling (IM) is about linking computer models that simulate
different processes to help understand and predict how those processes will interact in particular
situations. Integrated environmental modeling (IEM) applies integrated modeling to the analysis
of environmental problems. Its main application lies in impact analysis - especially looking at the
wider consequences of events and policies. Another application, for example, is optimizing the
conjunctive use of different resources. IEM is not limited to analyzing interactions between natural
processes; it frequently involves predicting how various events or policies to manage the natural
world could impact society or the economy.
Importantly, IM focuses on linking models, databases, and institutional structures to support
decision making; it is not focused on the models themselves or on the science that individual
models represent.
IM and IEM issues include: the design of the integrated analytical framework; modeling
component connectivity mechanisms and standards, i.e., improving interoperability; wide
accessibility of integrated modeling by improving ease of use and reliability; enhancements to
make IEM an acceptable tool for regulators by automatically creating audit trails and ensuring
repeatability; reduction of unanticipated outcomes through links between IEM and artificial
intelligence; integrated model evaluation; passing uncertainty down the model chain; developing
decision-support interfaces; information architecture; web-based access; community building;
and education and research.
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The workshop was held over three days at the USGS HQ at Reston, VA and its agenda can be
found in Appendix 2. Matt Larsen, Associate Director - Climate and Land Use Change, USGS
gave the opening address. Day One focused on developing a common understanding of the
background and drivers for IEM, the state-of-the-art and current practice, formulating a
consensus vision for the future of integrated environmental modeling, and articulating the major
challenges to achieving that vision. The challenges were grouped into four topic areas: science,
technology, applications and organizational/social issues.
Day Two allowed participants to build on discussions of Day One and articulate a path forward for
addressing each set of challenges. The path forward included a vision with associated goals and
activities for each challenge category. Recognizing overlap between these categories, break-out
discussions gave all Summit participants the opportunity to provide input into all four aspects of
the IEM Roadmap. The participants were divided into groups that sequentially visited each
break-out room for 90 minutes, where they focused on one aspect of the Roadmap. Co-
facilitators of each topic remained in the room to summarize what was discussed by each visiting
group and capture their new ideas or thoughts. The goal was to build a Roadmap including input
of all summit participants.
On Day Three, the co-facilitators for each Day Two topic reported in a series of presentations on
the vision, goals and activities related to the science, technology, application and
organization/social aspects of IEM.
Participants then identified collaborative projects on which they could and would work together. A
short discussion on the need for and form of a governance structure and funding mechanisms
followed, concluding that a facilitating group would be necessary and that it would require
funding. The workshop was closed by Denis Peach, Chief Scientist of the BGS. He thanked the
participants for the remarkable energy and commitment they brought to the meeting and he
assigned the task of drawing together the meeting's results to the conveners.
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2 Day One - Laying the groundwork for
roadmap development
2.1 Drivers for IBM
Pierre Glynn (USGS) gave a presentation on the science and policy drivers for IEM, its
applications, and the developments needed for it to become a useful and useable tool. The
presentation is available on iemHUB at https:://iemhub.org/resources/293.
2.1.1 Why do we need IEM?
The immediate drivers behind IEM are the environmental problems that face policymakers and
which have been eloquently set out by the Belmont Forum. They require a greatly increased
understanding of Earth processes and of the Earth as a system and, hence, lead to the science
need for IEM. This, in turn, has led to the hunt for better ways of linking existing process models
to study, understand and predict their interactions.
The purpose of IEM is to aid in finding and testing potential solutions to complex environmental
problems. Typically, solving these problems requires a wide range people and organizations who
can contribute knowledge and or resources with those who are or may be affected by the problem
or the solution. IEM can help when the knowledge is or can be encapsulated in the form of
models; it allows models of different processes to be linked and, hence, a greater understanding
achieved of how the processes will collectively respond to possible solutions. If the models are
connected to analytical and visualization tools, the decision-makers can weigh the pros and cons
and select the most acceptable option. IEM is often required for "system of systems" analyses
that are undertaken across a range of spatial and temporal scales and across multiple domains.
Many organizations throughout the world deal with such problems.
Table 2 provides examples of "system studies" undertaken by the USGS (and other agencies)
that could greatly benefit from IEM, especially if further development allowed its wide adoption
across not only the science community, but also resource and environmental management and
policy communities.
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Table 2 Examples of USGS applications for IEM
Location
Chesapeake Bay
Upper Klamath Basin
(OR)
Everglades and south
Florida
Southern California
San Francisco Bay -
Delta
Mid-western states
US land mass
Issues
Land-use, water quality and climate change
Water allocation and fish stocks
Ecosystem services & biodiversity, invasives, sea level rise
surges and human development
, storm
Multi-hazards: earthquakes, fire, mudslides & floods
Water, invasives and climate change
Agriculture and bio-energy: benefits and impacts
Energy and mineral extraction: benefits and environmental
costs
will IEM be
To become a useful and practical tool for scientists, policy-makers and managers, IEM needs to
be driven toward the following areas:
• Standards for linkage - so that independently developed modelling components can be
easily linked
• Standards for semantics - so we can ensure linkages are valid
• Standards for model descriptions - so we can find models and later automate the linkage
process
• Ease of use:
o hide, eliminate or automate all model integration steps that are irrelevant to the
problem-solver
o develop checks for invalid linkages
o develop tools for handling scale issues in space and time
• Critical mass of linkable components - wide variety of linkable modeling components
needs to be established and made available and accessible, including creation of 'model
marts'
• Adapters - for the foreseeable future there will be a number of linking standards;
therefore, 'adapters' must be available so models following different interface standards
can be linked
• Examples of successful applications of IEM - a wide range are required for newcomers to
follow and to build confidence among users and funding agencies.
• Transparency - it must be easy to see and understand what happens at every stage in a
model chain
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• Auditing - the process of creating and storing an audit trail of the data, modeling
components and results should be automated so it is possible to recreate model runs
whose results have been used to make critical decisions
• Uncertainty - techniques are required for assessing uncertainty in data and model results
and for passing uncertainty down the model chain.
• Systems for testing compliancy with standards
• Model size independence - it should be possible to integrate models of all types and
sizes, i.e., it should support the linkage of small and/or simple models and large and/or
complex models
• Model platform independence - it should be possible to integrate models running on
different computing platforms
• Model data volume/data exchange rate independence - it should be possible to link
models where the volumes of data and or the required speed of exchange are either very
high or low.
• Support and training - academia and industry need to be engaged in providing support
and training for IEM practitioners
• Research - research programs need to be established to find solutions to unsolved
model integration problems.
• and many others.
2.2
The State-of-the-Art discussion was introduced by Alexey Voinov (University of Twente) and can
be found on the iemHUB at https://iemhub.org/resources/265. As there is no agreed set of terms
for describing integrated modeling, and the audience was multinational and drawn from many
disciplines, he began by establishing a terminology. In particular, he drew upon the definition
provided by USEPA (2008) of 'integrated modeling' (IM) as a systems analysis approach to
environmental assessment that employs a set of interdependent components (numerical and
conceptual models, scientific and other data and assessment methods) brought together to
create a modeling system capable of simulating environmental systems. He differentiated
'integrated modeling' (the assembly of a variety of components into an entire model for a given
purpose [e.g., understanding the impact of climate change on flood frequency]), from 'model
integration' which is concerned with mechanics and standards necessary to enable one modeling
component to pass data or information to another.
In the environmental sector, the driver of integrated modeling is the need to understand Earth's
system so fair and sustainable solutions can be found to societal challenges. Examples are food
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and water security, energy, and environmental change. In the area of environmental change,
integrated modeling has already been used to create climate models (which are themselves an
assembly of individual process models) and to link climate models to ocean models. More
recently, IEM has been used to couple climate and land surface models. Integrated modeling is
not confined to solving big or long-term issues, however; it is equally applicable to everyday tasks
or shorter term problems such as optimizing the operation of sewer networks and water
treatment, where IEM has already shown benefits. An unexpected benefit of IM is that it could
lead to modeling studies becoming significantly cheaper. In fact, some model developers believe
that the first practical use of IM will be to improve efficiency in model development and application
communities which often conduct their work on behalf of public authorities (and at taxpayer
expense).
Challenges for IEM include developing better methods to anticipate the impact of events and
better management responses to those events so that well-intended policies do not create worse
situations than they set out to resolve. Such negative effects can emerge in geographical,
environmental, social or economic areas or fields that are very different from those of the original
problem. For example, few people predicted that the switch to biofuels might lead to widespread
starvation. Presently, models, which can take many forms, are the only way to capture our
knowledge of processes, enabling us to predict how they might lead to different outcomes under
different circumstances. There is a growing realization, however, that it is neither practical nor
useful to construct a single model encapsulating all the processes needed for decision-making
and planning (Argent, 2006; USEPA, 2008). Not only are such large models extremely wasteful of
resources, they are rarely reusable and frequently fail to make use of existing process models.
These are often referred to as 'legacy models' - the result of a huge, historic investment
representing state-of-the-art modeling. Consequently, there are currently attempts to convert
existing models into building blocks from which more complex models can be assembled (Warner
et al., 2008; Barthel, et al., 2008; Argent et al., 2009). In today's IT terminology, these are referred
to as 'components'; components that can be linked are 'linkable components'. The term 'modeling
component' now has a wider meaning that is not limited to models: it includes files, databases,
analytical tools and visualization tools and, indeed, any component required to make up a
modeling system.
Examples of attempts to streamline model integration are:
• The USEPA, in conjunction with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, US Army Corps
of Engineers, and US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, has
been developing the Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems
(FRAMES-1) (2009) system to manage execution and data flow among multiple science
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modules. It uses a fixed file format system to exchange data between components. The
Multimedia, Multi-pathway, Multi-receptor Risk Analysis system (FRAMES-3MRA) (2009)
(Babendreier and Castleton, 2005) is an extension of FRAMES-1 and is based on an API
and dictionary system to exchange data. 3MRA is a collection of 17 modules that describe
the release, fate and transport, exposure, and risk (human and ecological) associated with
contaminants deposited in various land-based waste management units (e.g., landfills,
waste piles). The 17 models in 3MRA cannot be easily replaced. FRAMES-2 (Whelan et
al., 2010) represents the best attributes of FRAMES-1 and FRAMES-3MRA and is
designed to allow for easier registration and replacement of models and support
components.
The Open Modeling Interface and Environment (OpenMI, 2009) developed by a consortium
of European private companies, research establishments and universities co-funded by the
European Commission is a standard for model linkage in the water domain (Moore, et al.,
2005). The OpenMI standard version 1.4 defined an interface that allows time-dependent
models to exchange data at runtime; hence, OpenMI-compliant models can be run in
parallel and share information at each time-step. It is, therefore, particularly appropriate for
situations where it is necessary to simulate interacting processes, such as changes in flow
which increases nutrients which affect plant growth in a river which, in turn, affects flow. It
can handle feedback loops and iteration. It can link models based on different modeling
concepts. The OpenMI is generic and can link models from different domains (hydraulics,
hydrology, ecology, water quality, economics etc.), environments (atmospheric, freshwater,
marine, terrestrial, urban, rural, etc.), scales and resolutions (spatial or temporal),
platforms, or suppliers. It is not limited to linking models, but can also link any modeling
components. The OpenMI version 2.0 paves the way for linking models that run in a
super-computing environment and models provided as web services. It can exchange a
wider range of data types and simplifies the exchange process when models have no
spatial and or temporal dimensions, such as a terrain model. While version 1.4 only
provided a 'get values' data option, version 2.0 also provides a 'set values' option to
facilitate model optimization.
The Common Component Architecture (CCA) is a product developed by the Department of
Energy and Lawrence Livermore National Lab teams (Bernholdt et al., 2004) which targets
high performance computers and complex models. The CCA supports parallel and
distributed computing, as well as local high-performance connections between
components, in a language-independent manner. The design places minimal requirements
on components and facilitates integration of existing legacy code into the CCA environment
by means of the Babel (2004) language interoperability tool, which currently supports C,
C++, Fortran 77, Fortran 90/95, and Python. The CCA is being applied in a variety of
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disciplines, including combustion research, global climate simulation, and computational
chemistry; it has also been adopted as the backbone in the Community Surface Dynamic
Modeling System (CSDMS, csdms.colorado.edu).
• The Object Modeling System (QMS) was developed by the US Department of Agriculture
(David et al., 2002; Kralisch et al., 2004; Ahuja et al., 2005). In contrast to FRAMES and
some other systems, QMS requires modules to be rewritten in Java prior to insertion into
the system library. Instead of just linking pre-existing blocks or components, QMS
provides the tools and integrated framework to develop the components of an IEM in a
coherent way.
Despite the evident need for IEM, it has yet to "take off in the way its proponents hoped. The
reasons include: (1) lack of a convincing set of demonstrated added value provided by IEM; (2)
lack of a critical mass of available and accessible linkable modeling components; and (3) difficulty
of use and other barriers to entry, such as making existing models linkable. However,
communities of practice are slowly emerging as a part of a number of IEM initiatives, which are
attempting to address the challenges of IEM. Currently, the initiatives and their communities are
relatively isolated because there is no umbrella organization to bring them together. Examples of
these communities and initiatives include:
• OpenMI Association which makes the OpenMI standard freely available
(www.openmi.org);
• CSDMS - Community Surface Dynamic Modeling System which "makes earth surface
process models available, has computational resources for model simulations, and couples
models that bridge critical process domains" (csdms.colorado.edu);
• CCMP - Chesapeake Community Modeling Program, dedicated to advancing the cause
of accessible, open-source environmental models of the Chesapeake Bay in support of
research & management efforts (ches.communitymodeling.org);
• ESMF - the Earth System Modeling Framework: software for building and coupling
weather, climate, and related models (www.earthsystemmodeling.org)
• CHyMP - the Community Hydrologic Modeling Platform (www.cuahsi.org/chymp.html),
and other platforms.
There are also communities designed to support individual models and software packages,
such as:
10
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• GRASS - free Geographic Information System (CIS) software used for geospatial data
management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps production, spatial modeling,
and visualization (grass.fbk.eu);
• MapWindow - another CIS project that includes a free desktop geographic information
system (CIS) application with an extensible plugin architecture (www.mapwindow.org);
• ADCIRC - a system of computer programs for solving time dependent, free surface
circulation and transport problems in two and three dimensions (www.unc.edu/ims/adcirc/);
and many others.
The International Summit was a product of the need for an umbrella organization to synchronize
efforts, encourage adoption of minimum standards to facilitate communication and collaboration,
and accelerate innovation and use of IEM.
Roger Moore (OpenMI Association) led the discussion on the future of IEM. His talk is available
on the iemHUB at https://iemhub.org/resources/303. The purpose of this session was to define a
vision and, hence, a set of objectives for the integrated modeling community. From those
objectives, subsequent sessions identified challenges to be overcome and a Roadmap for
achieving the vision.
The International Summit was held because people closely involved with integrated modeling saw
its huge potential and opportunities for science, industry and the whole of society. It was realized,
however, that, few people outside the modeling community were aware of those opportunities
and that, of those few, a number were skeptical of whether the opportunities could ever be
achieved.
Before looking forward, the session dealt with two related points: the difficult and complex
challenges of environmental problem-solving, and why recent advances in IEM encourage us to
believe these challenges can be overcome.
The primary concerns about IEM are expressed in many ways, but essentially relate to the idea
that presently our abilities to model individual environmental, social and economic processes are
often limited. Thus, the probability that we would learn or predict anything useful about the
interactions between those processes by linking current models could be extremely low. Further,
it is often suggested that any integrated models capable of providing useful results would be so
complex we could not create them. So why persist?
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The counter-argument was provided with two examples: e development of jet airliners and use of
Google Maps on mobile phones. Both ventures would have seemed impossibly complex had they
been proposed as part of a full-scope, long-term vision in 1903 or 1970, respectively. Yet, these
two accomplishments were achieved as the result of hundreds of thousands of small advances in
many domains. Both started in back rooms and universities and were then taken up by
governments and industry. Eventually the products emerged that are now being used by
everyone. It took time, but it happened. The development and future of IEM can be expected to
be similar. We know there are challenges ahead, but we have every confidence they can be
overcome. Determination and persistence are required.
Looking toward the future, the main driver for integrated modeling will be the need for
environmental sustainability allied to socio-economic impacts. Integrated modeling is the only way
of testing/predicting the likely sustainability of a proposed policy. With some important exceptions
to date, single process models have been used to test the viability of environmental solutions or
policies. To examine the wider implications of a policy or scheme, however, absolutely requires
the linkage and integration of a number of individual process models, typically across very
different domains of investigation. For example, whereas the feasibility of a new reservoir would
only have been looked at for its ability to supply a required amount of water, in the past, now its
impact on the environment, society and the economy must also be considered.
In our vision for the future of IEM, standards and platforms will emerge to make it much easier to
put models together and increase our understanding of how Earth's system works and, most
importantly, how man's activities and the earth system interact. At first, existing models will be
linked and many results will be less than perfect; however, relatively simple applications will
emerge that provide better results than are presently achievable with individual process models
(e.g., optimizing sewer operation during times of flooding). Initial couplings will tend to be
between models within a domain, but there is already pressure to make couplings across domain
boundaries (e.g., linking medical models to environmental models). This is an area where there
are real possibilities for innovation and synergy. It is our hope that open, transparent
collaborations and linkages, using the promising tools offered by new media and communication
platforms (such as the Web 2.0), can be exploited to enable workers across the world to leverage
their efforts and resources, driving innovation and the synergistic application and use of IEM to
new heights.
In assessing sustainability, the wider implications of a policy must be anticipated so they can be
evaluated. As many unanticipated outcomes have demonstrated, there is considerable room for
improvement. Our vision of the future shows the number of unanticipated outcomes being
reduced. By storing process descriptions so that potential interactions between processes can be
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explored, and by linking process descriptions to models and data sources, it should be possible to
spot connections and, thus, consequences that would otherwise be missed. In time it should be
possible to semi-automate anticipating and quantifying impacts, beneficial or otherwise. We may
not eliminate 'Black Swans' (low probability high-impact events with negative consequences), but
we can work to reduce their frequency and their impacts.
At the moment, IEM requires experts for its application, yet an important element of the vision is
that IEM be accessible to everyone. The transition is expected to happen in small steps. To
create the huge resources required and increase the rate of innovation, it is envisaged that a
global community of practice will emerge to facilitate collaboration, cooperation and
communication. A small set of standards will evolve so people and models can communicate. To
show how benefits of integrated modeling can be made available to all, an example (using a
model developed by the NRCS) of how a farmer with a mobile phone could walk into a field and
obtain immediate guidance on the agricultural management of his crops to minimize soil erosion
was given. He merely had to locate himself using maps on his phone, then run a small application
which connected to the integrated data and modeling resources of the USGS and USDA (NRCS).
In our vision, the evolution of integrated modeling follows a similar path to digital mapping, which
were initiated by individuals and small academic groups. The first hesitant steps outside were
with the support of government agencies which facilitated the transition from research to the
operational world. The next stage, which has yet to happen for integrated modeling, is to gain the
interest of industry. Although digital mapping sped up map production, facilitated planning
processes and, later, provided ways to analyze and exploit the content of paper maps, it has led
to an entire new wealth-creating industry and unlocked opportunities never dreamed of by its
initiators. We expect integrated modeling to create similar opportunities.
The session's conclusion was that although challenges to our vision are considerable, no one
believes they are insurmountable. Armed with experience from previous developments, we can
assemble the resources and innovative minds required to overcome them. Sustainability in
managing our landscapes and resources is so important that we cannot afford to fail. The wealth-
generating opportunities of IEM will help ensure that we succeed.
2.4
Having outlined a vision of the potential opportunities IEM could create, this session set out to
identify the challenges that must be overcome for the vision to be achieved. Pierre Glynn
(USGS) presented an outline of these. His presentation is available on the iemHUB at
https://iemhub.org/resources/295. There are many challenges ahead that could easily
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discourage the most ardent supporters of IEM. An historical view of past human endeavors, such
as the development of communications or advances in flight technologies, shows that the
specifics of today's capabilities or the precise and complete sequence of incremental
achievements could hardly have been envisioned during the initial stages of development of
these technologies. Nevertheless, progress was made because there was a constant societal
need for the developing technologies, that allowed (and funded) ways to overcoming of individual
challenges, often providing immediately useful advances. The development community also had
a vision of what technological development could mean for our future. Development of IEM
depends on a general vision and meeting incremental challenges as they arise, with immediately
useful benefits. As was mentioned at the Summit, there are many ways to think about and
categorize challenges IEM must meet. One way spelled out in the Summit's Participant Guide
and in a presentation at the workshop is to consider the evolutionary, iterative stages in the
lifecycle of a given IEM: (1) definition, (2) assembly, (3) execution and processing, (4)
interpretation, (5) application and follow-ups, and (6) education and propagation to a broader
community. Another way, derived from the four working groups of the Summit, is to categorize
the challenges as scientific, technological, application, and/or organizational and social
challenges. This report provides a broad-brush summary reported on in the four categories.
Scientific challenges include accurate capture and representation of uncertainty in input data,
conceptual models and IEM results. Construction and execution of data assimilation, process
assimilation, and model abstraction strategies were also mentioned, as were challenges of
defining, implementing and linking IEM processes to integrate across a range of spatial scales,
time scales, and disciplinary domains. Clearly establishing and understanding IEM domain
boundaries, parameterizations, and constitutive relations (i.e., what is empirical vs. what is based
on conservation laws) are also important challenges, as well as development and integration of
appropriate objective functions, best practices, and cross-scale testing procedures for the IEM. It
was recognized that different types of IEM applications (prognostic vs. diagnostic; forecasting vs.
nowcasting vs. hindcasting) had their own types of scientific challenges, but that these different
types of applications, when properly defined and understood within their respective limitations,
could also help inform each other and build confidence. The role of science in helping building
confidence in IEM through open-access and peer-review was also mentioned, - most importantly
by providing expert opinion and understanding on the appropriate levels of complexity and
simplicity in IEM construction and interpretation. Finally, the need for better understanding and
linkages between the social science and the physical/chemical/biological science aspects of IEM
was also mentioned. This is a fundamental challenge for inter-disciplinary approaches in a range
of disciplines and a number of issues, including recognition by peers in the science community for
inter- and trans-disciplinary research, must be considered.
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Technology challenges discussed during the Summit related to disparate ontologies, meta-data
standards, meta-model definitions, and lack of semantic interoperability. They relate to the need
for more sophisticated, adaptable, and linkable model frameworks, enhanced use of the Cloud,
web services, multiple computer platforms and processors, and expert communities. They
include developing better technology for data (and model) mining, discovery, and linkages and
also developing better tools to analyze, interpret, and visualize data, conceptual models and IEM
results. Challenges also include development of technologies that could educate about,
understand and build confidence in IEM results and applications.
Application challenges included appropriately defining measures of success and demonstrating
successful applications of IEM. Applying IEM successfully - where success could not have been
obtained as easily through other means - is essential to further development of IEM science and
technology, to growth of the IEM community of practice, and to the embrace of IEM by the
general population. It was recognized that the scale of IEM applications has much to do with
understanding and confidence in IEM results and, ultimately, with adoption of IEM throughout the
community. A three-month IEM forecast is much easier to test, and possibly build confidence in,
compared to a 100-year or even decadal-scale forecast. Individuals and communities may relate
better to a local or regional IEM prediction or process explanation than a global prediction,
explanation or other IEM application. Allied to this is the challenge of assessing and presenting
uncertainty from different sources in a way that a range of decision-makers can readily
appreciate. Clear, simple explanations of what IEM can, and can't, be used for are essential for
any demonstration project. Equally important are explanations of how IEM can serve the
objectives and organizational missions of agencies or communities, and of what the political limits
might be in management actions taken as a result of IEM results and interpretations. Some
application challenges will result from the need to apply creativity and appropriate understanding
of IEM assumptions and limitations while applying/transferring results of an IEM or IEM
application to another problem or situation. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, IEM
applications will require constant reassessment of whether the right questions are being asked,
and determining what roles IEM developers, topical experts, users, managers and the public
should play in formulating these questions, and interpreting results so that appropriate
management and policy actions are taken.
Organization/Community challenges included appropriate engagement with and support from
developers, users, academia, and governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Traditionally, numerical codes and model applications were controlled by a limited number of
people, usually those developing the code and a few applying it to a given problem. By the
nature of their complexity, lEMs and their applications require a much broader community of
developers, users and others (and computer and other resources) to support the IEM, to share
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responsibilities, and to interpret and apply its results. Challenges to IEM growth, development
and applications include transcending disciplinary barriers, as well as mission, organizational and
cultural barriers, while still maintaining incentives for individuals and specific communities and
organizations to contribute actively. Challenges also include teaching IEM at a range of
educational levels and developing IEM "integration experts" that can lead development and
proper application of IEM. Involving the private sector, which will complement initial growth of
IEM in the government and academic communities, is also an essential requirement (and
challenge) for IEM development and growth. Reinsurers are already investigating IEM to help
assess hurricane damage by integrating Atmospheric-Oceanic-Circulation-Financial models, so
can provide expertise as well as capital. Beyond needs for increased funding and inter-
organizational communication, successful use and growth of IEM also requires a balance
between multi-expert and multi-user group consensus, and allowing individual expertise in
building and applying IEM. In other words, IEM community structures, and feedback and
accountability processes, must allow the wisdom of communities to shine, rather than the follies
of the flock in order to show IEM to its full advantage).
2.5 Results of breakout groups for Day One
Throughout Day One, participants were able to break into smaller groups to further identify the
current landscape of lEM's state-of-the-art and practice; develop vision statements related to the
science, technology, application and organization/community aspects of IEM; and identify the
challenges to achieving those visions. The findings of Day One breakout sessions can be found
on the iemHUB at https://iemhub.org/resources/281.
Based on the previous presentations, the IEM Summit participants developed vision statements
for four areas:
• Science: Science supporting IEM and its application will continue to evolve to inform
policy decisions and communicate to society environmental problems and solutions. IEM
will use state-of-the-art predictive capabilities for multi-scale multiple interacting
processes that represent environmental responses to perturbations in natural or
engineered settings. Uncertainty analysis will be used to critically evaluate the limitations
of IEM.
. Technology: IEM technology will make it easier to find, use, develop, integrate,
understand, and future-proof models and data.
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Application: IEM will support robust and defensible decision-making providing for a
range of users, producing results in an appropriate form, using readily available data and
models.
Organization/Community: The IEM community will be open (sharing), efficient,
transparent, and collaborative, to advance science & technologies to make effective
environmental decisions for societal benefits.
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3 Day Two - Developing the IEM Roadmap
On Day Two participants broke into four groups. Each group was asked to expand/clarify the Day
One vision statements into a revised vision statement and set of IEM goals for each topic area:
science, technology, applications and organization/community. They were then asked to propose
activities to achieve the goals. The results follow.
3.1 Science vision, goals and activities
A summary of the discussions of the science area breakouts can be found on the iemHUB at
https://iemhub.org/resources/352.
3.1.1 Vision
Science supporting IEM and its application will continue to evolve to inform policy decisions and
communicate to society environmental problems and solutions. IEM will use state-of-the-art
predictive capabilities for multi-scale multiple interacting processes that represent environmental
responses to perturbations in natural or engineered settings. Uncertainty analysis will be used to
critically evaluate the limitations of IEM.
3.1.2 Goals
The break out groups identified the following Science goals:
a. Establishing a scientifically sound methodology for approaching problems which require
integrated modeling in order to find a solution
b. Establishing scientifically respected controlled vocabularies, ontologies and catalogues of
processes, process variables, models and exchange items to reduce the opportunity for
error and automate the construction of the model chain
c. Understanding and developing the means to handle the scientific issues that arise when
models based on different scales are linked
d. Understanding and developing the means to handle the scientific issues that arise when
models which run at different temporal or spatial resolutions are linked
e. Understanding and developing the means to reduce the occurrence of instabilities that
arise when models are linked
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f. Developing methods for assessing, quantifying and displaying the uncertainties arising
from the use of integrated modeling
g. Developing an approach to model development and a mindset among developers that
assumes that, at some point in a model's life cycle, there will be a need to link it to other
models
h. By working with the artificial intelligence community, developing ways of exploiting the
growing knowledge of process interaction to identify and predict the possible wider
implications of events and policies and so lower the risk of 'unforeseen consequences'.
3.1.3 Activities
To achieve the specified IEM goals the breakout groups proposed the following Science
activities for each goal:
a) an
• Review the approaches of past and present IEM projects
• Develop and publicize best practice
b) of
to the for
the
• Identify current problems and the opportunities ahead - need to reduce the opportunity
for error in building model chains, automating model chain construction, linking IEM to
artificial intelligence, needs of regulators, lowering the barriers created by national and
domain specific languages, etc.
• Build on/adopt existing controlled vocabularies
• Develop ontology structures for describing processes and models
• Develop methods for searching for links between processes
• Develop methods for linking process descriptions to model descriptions
• Develop methods for auto mating the construction of a model chain
cj the to the
on are
• Review existing work on scale issues
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• Study the scale issues that are likely to arise as it becomes easier to link models
• Develop methods to warn users that a scale issue might arise when two models are
linked and suggest options for handling them
d) the to the
at or are
• Review existing work on linkage issues
• Study the issues that have and/or are likely to arise as it becomes easier to link models
• Develop methods to warn users that an issue might arise when two models are linked
and suggest options for handling them
e) the to the of
are
• Review existing work on instability in models
• Examine known instances of instability occurring where models have been linked
• Develop procedures for recognizing the potential for instability in a coupling and the step
to avoid or reduce the likelihood of instability
fj for the
the of
• Review existing work
• Identify the opportunity for error in the model chain
• Develop methods for capturing and recording uncertainty
• Develop methods for passing uncertainty down the model chain
• Develop methods for displaying uncertainty
g) an to a
at In a life cycle, be a to It to
models
The activities are implicit in the goal.
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h) By the (AI) of
the of Interaction to predict the wider
of events so lower the of'unforeseen
• Review AI work in this field
• Consider how IEM ontologies might need to be modified to incorporate AI thinking
• Undertake research projects to explore how the wider implications of a proposal might be
identified and then assessed quantitatively or qualitatively
3.2 Technology vision, goals and activities
A summary of the discussions of the technology area breakouts can be found on the iemHUB at
https://iemhub.org/resources/380.
3.2.1 Vision
IEM technology will make it easier to find, use, develop, integrate, understand, and future-proof models and
data.
3.2.2 Goals
The breakout groups identified the following goals:
a. Raising the level of interoperability and portability of modeling components
b. Automating IM processes that are irrelevant to the IM user
c. Improving the usability of tools - lowering the barriers to entry - increasing access
d. Creating a web service market supported by e-infrastructure
e. Creating the ability to assess uncertainty and pass it down the model chain - delivers the
science work above
f. Establishing an IEM culture based upon best practice
3.2.3 Activities
To achieve the goals the breakout groups proposed the following activities for each goal:
a) the level of Interoperability portability of
• Develop use cases and create test beds by which standards and frameworks can be
assessed
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• Identify the base standard common to the main existing standards (e.g. ESMF, OpenMI,
CSDMS/CCA, FRAMES and QMS)
• Develop adapters allowing data exchange between the main existing standards (e.g.
ESMF, OpenMI, CSDMS/CCA, FRAMES and QMS)
• Develop a 'meta model' standard for describing models and modeling components for
both cataloguing models and as a first step towards validating linkages and automating
the construction of model chains
• Develop ontologies to improve semantic interoperability - builds on the science activities
b) IM are to the IM
• Develop/advance tools that support the migration of models to conform with standards
• Develop/advance tools for meta model and data extraction from IM components
• Develop/advance tools for finding, linking and running models
• Develop ontologies and apply Al techniques to automate the construction of models
chains
c) Improving the usability of tools - lowering barriers to entry - increasing access
• Develop tools for:
o Discovery and accessing model components and data
o Meta model and data entry and retrieval
o Visualization of multidimensional data
o Automatic construction of audit trails
d) a by
• Resolve IT security and certification issues
• Create and advance the model and data cloud
• Create/advance a registry of IEM components in the cloud
• Develop web-based demonstrator applications
• Create modeling platforms which include market places
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e) the to It the
• Develop tools for monitoring and debugging model chains
• Develop methods and tools for describing and exchanging uncertainty
• Develop techniques for computing ensemble statistics
fj an
• Survey existing best practice across the community (compare and contrast)
• Create more sessions at professional meetings so that best practice can be identified
• Encourage the creation of open source software and so remove barriers to the use of
best modeling components
3.3 Application vision, goals and activities
A summary of the discussions of the science area can be found on iemHUB at
https://iemhub.org/resources/283.
3.3.1 Vision
IEM will support robust and defensible decision-making providing for a range of users producing
results in an appropriate form, using readily available data and models.
The end users to whom this vision applies to are likely to be:
• Government (central and local)
• Regulators and enforcers
• Industry (including the insurance and financial sectors) both for its own purposes and on
behalf of others
• NGOs
• Scientists
• Students of all ages
• The general public
3.3.2 Goals
The breakout groups identified the following goals:
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a. Providing modeling platforms - to make data, models and tools readily available
b. Establishing show-case projects to demonstrate the added value of integrated modeling
c. Producing descriptions of the uncertainty associated with results
d. Developing systems to manage and maintain an audit trail of integrated model runs
e. Engaging stakeholders
3.3.3 Activities
To achieve the goals the breakout groups proposed the following activities for each goal:
a)
• Encourage the development of modeling platforms where researchers can develop
linkable modeling components, research process interactions, and teach and provide a
learning environment for students
• Encourage the development of platforms that provide a shop window for modeling
components where end users and potential vendors can view potential modeling
components with a view to use or commercialization
• Work to achieve a critical mass of linkable components
• Develop a searchable modeling component catalogue
• Consider the possibility of data, modeling components and results as web services
• Consider integrated modeling for mobile devices and the cloud
'. • -.''
• Encourage establishing setting up of as wide a range of show-case projects, with the
following attributes, when and where possible:
o Address a real world problem with which users can identify
o Require integrated modeling in the process of finding a solution
o Define the scenarios to be explored
o Consider how to evaluate the benefits of integrated modeling
o Identify the processes involved
o Identify the process interactions
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o Choose models to represent the processes
o Translate the process interactions into model linkages
o Make non-linkable models linkable
o Link the models
o Run the scenarios
o Analyze the results
o Evaluate the benefits of integrated modeling
• Create a catalogue of show case projects containing one page summaries.
• Example show case projects:
o Scenario analysis
• Impact of medical plans for treating epidemics on waste water treatment
and water supplies
• Chesapeake Bay
• Energy/water/food security
• Impact of agricultural policy
• Impact of proposed new sewage treatment plant
• Impact of climate change on frequency and cost of flood damage
o Post-event audit
• Hurricanes - Katrina - New Orleans
• Oil spills - Deep Water Horizon
• Floods - Pakistan
o Emergency planning
• San Francisco
c)
• Apply and evaluate methods of characterizing uncertainty
• Apply and evaluate methods for passing information about uncertainty down the model
chain
• Understand how stakeholders react to uncertainty
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• Develop methods for displaying uncertainty
d) for
• Establishing a methodology for approaching problems that requires integrated modeling
to find a solution
• Automating the recording of the information required to be in the audit trail
e)
• Develop participatory modeling
• Develop models for 'citizen science'
• Develop integrated modeling games
o Develop a 'Black Swan X-box game'
o Develop linkable versions of SPLASH and Sim City.
• Develop mobile apps as easily useable front ends to complex integrated models
3.4 Organization/Community vision, goals and activities
A summary of the discussions for the science area breakout can be found on the iemHUB at
https://iemhub.org/resources/380.
3.4.1 Vision
IEM community is open (sharing), efficient, transparent and collaborative to advance
science and technologies to make effective environmental decisions, for issues requiring
trans-disciplinary approach, for societal benefits.
3.4.2 Goals
The break out groups identified the following goals:
a. Establish an inclusive IEM CoP that: (1) Recognizes realistic goals; (2) Exists as the
communication platform; (3) Attracts funding and (4) Operates under clear definition of
contributions from each member/ member organization
b. Create an e-infrastructure that (1) Provides a single catalogue of components (models, data,
tools); (2) Supports (access to) HPC & cloud computing; (3) Broadcasts funding opportunities
for IEM; and (4) provides links to IEM practitioners and experts
c. Comprehensive IEM Education Plan encompassing technical workforce, users and public.
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d. Reach common agreed upon standards model linking and data sharing.
e. Funding for both operations of CoP and projects in IEM is readily available and coordinated
across organizations
f. Implement information outreach that secures user buy-in, identifies & engages stakeholders
and shares success stories
3.4.3 Activities
To achieve the goals the break out groups proposed the following activities for each goal:
a) an CoP (1) (2) as the
(3) (4) of
. Develop a governance structure
. Identify and involve existing organizations and initiatives to establish connections
. Identify lessons learned from growing similar CoPs to achieve critical mass
. Develop newsletters and workshops to promote development of community
b) an (1) a of
(2) to) HPC &
for (4) to
. Develop, populate and maintain an IEM "content" database that can be accessed by
multiple portals -> iemHUB
. Develop a technical steering committee for the iemHUB
c)
. Technical Workforce:
o Develop training, curricula material, courses and workshops for IEM/ systems
analysis
o Identify educators affiliated with IEM (1-3 years)
o Develop online tutorials for the IEM community (1-3 years)
o IEM summer school for graduate students (3-5 years)
o Set of "How to..." notes for different aspects of IEM.
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Users:
o Develop a speaker series for the user community to the IEM community (1-3
years)
o Either identify an existing journal or create a new journal to provide a venue for
IEM (1-3 years)
o Develop a personnel exchange program for end-user community and
development/modeler organizations
Public:
o IEM games for K-12 (young adults) to demonstrate inter-related disciplines are
needed to address key environmental problems
d)
. Create a working group at OGC to reuse/improve standards for IEM
. Establish a standards committee to develop IEM standards and protocols
. Conduct an assessment study to demonstrate the financial benefits of using standards -
"what would xyz-system cost today, if standards abc would have been used?"
. Encourage organizations to require the use of standards for the projects they fund
e) for of CoP In is
• Develop a cost-benefit, return on investment, net current value financial justification for
investment in IEM
f) &
. High quality promotional material making an irresistible case for IEM
. Define benefits of lEM/community approach to IEM
. Identify and engage potential users/stakeholders by offering specific solutions to known
problems
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4 Day Three - summary of roadmaps and
development and implementation plans
4.1 Projects
Participants agreed it was imperative to build quickly on the success of the workshop by initiating
projects that would yield results in the short- to medium-term, as well as projects that would
require longer collaboration.
Projects to be initiated immediately fell in the following categories:
• Creating short exchanges of staff between organizations to "cheerlead" to inject
enthusiasm into the process of adopting IEM
• Identifying required standards
• Converting cte facto standards into recognized standards (e.g., making the OpenMI into
an OGC standard)
• Building a catalogue of integrated modeling components
• Setting up small pilot/demonstration projects
• Building a set of summary sheets describing integrated modeling projects
• Increasing the number of linkable modeling components
Potential collaborative projects were also identified. These are detailed in Appendix 4 and are
available on the iemHUB at https://iemhub.org/groups/iemsummitproj.
4.2 Community governance
Noha Gaber (USEPA) led a discussion on reaching consensus on governance of the Community
of Practice for Integrated Environmental Modeling (CIEM). Participants agreed that the CIEM
should serve as the body to facilitate communication, coordination and collaboration in the IEM
community, and that it was important for the community to develop appropriate governance and
funding mechanisms to keep the CIEM operational and able to meet its goals. Participants
discussed the CIEM mission statements and defining characteristics. There was general
agreement that modest resources would be required to sustain an IEM secretariat, charged with
CIEM's day-to-day operations such as promotion, organizing and running meetings, web site
maintenance and outreach. Significant resources would be required by the collaborative
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opportunities and any resulting projects - present and future - set up to overcome the
challenges.
There was consensus that CIEM should be a not-for-profit, umbrella organization and the term 'a
community of communities' was mentioned. It would not acquire or distribute funds, but instead
seek to influence funding agencies and help member organizations find and/or generate funding
for research and operations. A team was formed to finalize the CIEM charter and develop its
governance structure and funding plan. In addition to the funding required to maintain the CIEM,
participants identified other funding needs, namely projects to address challenges related to the
science, technology and application of IEM.
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5 Summary and the way forward
The meeting was remarkable in a number of ways. Right from the start, it was clear that this was
a key meeting for the future of IEM, happening at just the right time. Despite coming from very
different backgrounds, all the participants realized that common challenges were faced and that
collaboration was the only way forward. The meeting offered a clear consensus that, with more
collaboration, the rewards offered by integrated environmental modeling (IEM) for society and
industry would be enormous. The greatest challenge will be turning IEM from its present state -
something used by researchers - into an operational tool for anyone.
The meeting convened model developers, users, and science and resource managers from the
US and Europe. Over three days, they reviewed the state-of-the-art and sketched a vision of
where IEM might go in the next 20 years. They then identified challenges to attaining the vision
and developed an outline of a Roadmap to overcome them. The meeting concluded with
establishing collaborative opportunities and projects to accelerate the development of IEM.
Developing and implementing the Roadmap was recognized as key to lEM's future.
"Next steps" to continue the progress made at the meeting were summarized by Denis Peach
(BGS) (see https://iemhub.org/resources/288):
• Document the Roadmap,
• Publish the Roadmap in the Journal of Environmental Modeling and Software,
• Implement projects to enhance communication, co-ordination and collaboration in
integrated environmental modeling,
• Establish the presence of the IEM community with research organizations (NERC, NSF),
European Commission and industry (IT and Re-Insurance).
31
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6 References
Ahuja, L.R., Ascough II, J.C., David, O., 2005. Developing natural resource models using the
object modeling system: feasibility and challenges. Advances in Geosciences 4, 29e36.
http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/68/06/PDF/adgeo-4-29-2005.pdf.
Argent, R. M., Voinov, A., Maxwell, T., Cuddy, S. M., Rahman, J. M., Seaton, S., Vertessy, R. A.,
and Braddock, R. D., 2006. "Comparing modelling frameworks - A workshop approach."
Environmental Modelling & Software, 21(7), 895-910.
Argent, R.M., Perraud, J.-M., Rahman, J.M., Grayson, R.B., Podger, G.M., 2009. A new approach
to water quality modelling and environmental decision support systems. Environmental Modelling
& Software 24 (7), 809e818.
Babel, 2004. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory homepage
http://www.llnl.gov/CASC/components/babel.html
Babendreier, J.E., Castleton, K.J., 2005. Investigating uncertainty and sensitivity in integrated,
multimedia environmental models: tools for FRAMESeSMRA. Environmental Modelling &
Software 20 (8), 1043e1055.
Barthel, R., Janisch, S., Schwarz, N., Trifkovic, A., Nickel, D., Schulz, C., Mauser, W., 2008. An
integrated modelling framework for simulating regional-scale actor responses to global change in
the water domain. Environmental Modelling & Software 23 (9), 1095e1121.
Bernholdt, D.E., B.A. Allan, R. Armstrong, F. Bertrand, K. Chiu, T.L. Dahlgren, K., Damevski,
W.R. Elwasif, T.G.W. Epperly, M. Govindaraju, D.S. Katz, J.A. Kohl, M., Krishnan, G. Kumfert,
J.W. Larson, S. Lefantzi, M.J. Lewis, A.D. Malony, L.C., Mclnnes, J. Nieplocha, B. Norris, S.G.
Parker, J. Ray, S. Shende, T.L. Windus and S. Zhou, 2004..A component architecture for high
performance scientific computing, International Journal of High Performance Computing
Applications https://e-reportsext.llnl.gov/pdf/314847.pdf ACTS Collection Special Issue, 75 pp.
David, O., S.L. Markstrom, K.W. Rojas, L.R. Ahuja and I.W. Schneider, 2002. The Object
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Research and Technology Transfer, CRC Press, pp. 317-330.
Kralisch, S., Krause, P., David, O., 2004. Using the Object Modeling System for hydrological
model development and application. In: Proceedings of the iEMSs 2004 International Conference.
University of Osnabruck, Germany.
http://www.iemss.org/iemss2004/pdf/integratedmodelling/kralusin.pdf, 6 pp.
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FRAMES, 2009 http://www.epa.gov/ATHENS/research/modelinq/3mra.html.
OpenMI, 2009. The Open-Mi life project website http://www.openmi-life.org/, 2009.
Moore R., P. Gijsbers, D. Fortune, J. Gergersen and M. Blind, 2005. OpenMI Document Series:
Part A Scope for the OpenMI (Version 1.0), HarmonIT
USEPA 2008, Integrated Modeling for Integrated Environmental Decision Making. EPA100/R-
08/010. Washington, DC. Office of the Science Advisor
Voinov, A. A., C. DeLuca, R. R. Hood, S. Peckham, C. R. Sherwood, and J. P. M. Syvitski, 2010.
A Community Approach to Earth Systems Modeling, Eos Trans. AGU, 97(13),
doi:10.1029/201OEO130001.
Warner, J.C., Perlin, N., Skyllingstad, E.D., 2008. Using the Model Coupling Toolkit to couple
earth system models. Environmental Modelling & Software 23 (10e11), 1240e1249.
Whelan, G., M.E. Tryby, M.A. Pelton, J.A. Seller, and K.J. Castleton. 2010. "Using an Integrated,
Multi-disciplinary Framework to Support Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessments."
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7 Glossary
Al Artificial Intelligence: approach that uses computers to simulate human thought
API Application Programming Interface: A set of rules and definitions that software use to
communicate with each other, e.g. OpenMI and its implementation.
Black Swan A low probability high-impact event with negative consequences
BGS British Geological Survey (www.bgs.ac.uk)
CCA Common Component Architecture US DoE funded high-performance computer based
model linking system
CSDMS Community for Surface Dynamic Modeling Systems (see csdms.colorado.edu)
FCO UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (see www.fco.gov.uk)
FRAMES Framework for Risk Analysis in Multi-Media Environmental Systems see
http://www.epa.gov/athens/research/modeling/3mra.html
Future Proof System that is flexible to be able to cope with changes either foreseen or
unforeseen.
HPC High Performance Computing
Integrated modeling The process of bringing a set of modeling components together to create
a system whose purpose is to understand and or predict how a set of interacting processes will
respond in given circumstances.
Integronster An integrated modeling system that is too unwieldy to achieve its aims.
Model A model engine set up to model a specific situation, e.g. water moving down the Rhine
or Mississippi; the impact of the switch to biofuel production on global food supplies; the effect of
climate change on the Golden Plover population in the UK .
Modeling component An element in a modeling system that has functionality. Can be a
process model, visualization tool, database, etc.
Model engine The generic description of a process. It is most commonly used to refer to the
program code in a model which simulates the process, e.g. water flowing down a channel; the
transformation of rainfall into runoff; the behavior of a plant or animal; the response of farmers to
agricultural policy; etc..
Model integration The process of enabling modeling components to exchange data.
Model interface The means by which a model can receive data from or make data available to
other modeling components.
NRCS National Resources Conservation Service (see www.nrcs.usda.gov)
QMS Object Modeling System: a framework for linking models can be linked see for example
http://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/M09_Olaf_ExtendedAbstract.pdf
OpenMI Open Modelling Interface: A European Commission (EC) funded model linking
standard (see www.openmi.org)
USEPA United States Environmental Protection agency (see www.epa.gov)
USDA United States Department of Agriculture (see www.usda.gov)
US DoE United States Department of Energy (see www.energy.gov)
USGS U.S. Geological Survey (see www.usgs.gov)
34
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35
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8 Appendices
36
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Appendix 1: Original proposal to the FCO
GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS FUND 2010-11: US SIN BID
Lead Post:
Title of project: Developing UK-US Collaboration on Integrated Environmental Modelling
Activity
Type of activity: Workshop
Attendees: Key players from UK, US and Europe from government agencies, industry and
academia and communities of practice including funding agencies.
We are working on the actual list of invitees but they will be drawn from the following
organisations:
Government
Industry
Academia
Communities of
practice (CoP)
US participants and international
USEPA
USAGE
uses
NOAA
NASA
USDA
NSF
Microsoft
Google
ESRI
NSF funded
Community of
Universities for the
Advancement of
Hydrologic Science Inc
(CUAHSI)
NSF funded
Community for
Sediment Dynamics
Modelling System
(CSDMS)
Open Geospatial
Consortium (OGC)
Integrated
Environmental
Modelling CoP
International
Environmental
Modelling Systems
society
Inter-agency Multi
Media Modelling Group
UK participants
DEFRA
DFID
EA
LWEC partners
Met Office
HR Wallingford
VITALIS
ESRI (UK)
Atkins
Halcrow
NERC (HQ, BGS &
CEH)
EPSRC
ESRC
Virtual Observatory
Consortium
AGI
BSI
DAEM
OpenWeb
InformaTec
37
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Government
SEPA
Industry
Willis Re
Arup
Academia
Communities of
practice (CoP)
European and other participants
ECRTD
EEA
INSPIRE
JRC
DHI
Deltares
OpenMI Association
EurAqua
EuroGeo Surveys
Objective
The objectives of the workshop are to:
• To bring together key players across US, UK and Europe
• Identify potential opportunities created by recent advances in integrated modelling and
develop their application for reseachers, funding agencies, industry and government
• Inclusively and collaboratively present those opportunities in a shared vision for the future
• Develop and agree a strategy for achieving the vision
• Set out a road map
Background
Assessing the sustainability of proposed policies is challenging because it requires the ability to
understand and predict the response of multiple interacting processes. Models are utilised in
many cases; these effectively encapsulate knowledge and use it for prediction. However, most
models represent a single or small group of processes. The sustainability challenges that face us
now require the prediction of many that interact. These processes will not be confined to a single
discipline but will often straddle many - social, economic and environmental. Consider a relatively
simple question, "What will be the impact of the medical plans for managing a 'flu pandemic on
river water quality and could the plans cause a further health hazard?" It spans medical planning,
the spread of disease through the population, the absorption of drugs by the body and the
hydraulic and chemical processes in sewers, sewage treatment works and rivers. The question
can be nicely addressed using the present stateoftheart of integrated modelling. We have models
of the processes and interface standards allow them to be linked to each other and to datasets.
We can therefore answer the question, though at this stage with a large measure of associated
uncertainty. The answer will also come with the important proviso that we had thought to ask it.
To achieve our present ability to link or integrate models and hence to model and predict more
complex processes, the first and crucial step was to produce a generic open solution to enabling
models to exchange data. The most recent attempt is that of the NERCIed HarmonIT consortium.
Their solution comprises a standard interface, the OpenMI, which can link relevant models to
each other and to other modelling components. Once adopted, it transforms the ease with which
models can be linked and run. It has been widely tested, especially in the US, by government
agencies and major science programmes.
It is now clear that there are very strong parallels between the evolution of Google Maps and Sat
Nav from paper maps and the path that the development of integrated modelling could follow.
38
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However, from paper maps to Google Maps took 40 years. The lesson from that experience is
that a selforganising community of practice and appropriate early funding could greatly shorten
the time it will take for integrated modelling to become operationally useful to science, industry
and policy makers. It is useful to remember here that CIS has grown from nothing to a billion
dollar industry; it doesn't require great imagination to see that the potential earnings from
integrated modelling could be far greater.
The purpose of this workshop is to set out the opportunities in research and in the market and
develop a plan for what must be done to realise those opportunities.
Expected outputs/outcomes
• A short statement of the vision
• An outline strategy for achieving the vision
• A road map
The science aim is to improve our ability to understand the whole earth system
The policy aim is to improve our ability to develop policies that are more likely to be sustainable
The commercial aim is to create a new industry comparable to that of CIS
Stakeholders
Those listed above.
39
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GPF Funding required
Unit cost Cost
Item Quantity Duration GBP GBP
Airfares inc. travel to airport 8 £800.00 £6,400.00
Hotel (Qty people x nights) 8 7 £150.00 £8,400.00
Room hire £3,000.00
Tea, coffee, light refreshments 25 5 £10.00 £1,250.00
Secretarial assistance £500.00
Printing, posters, minor items, etc £250.00
£19,800.00
Roger Moore
pp. Dr Denis Peach
Chief Scientist, British Geological Survey
Natural Environment Research Council
40
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Appendix 2: Agenda and running order
Day 1: Tuesday December 7, 2010: Laying the groundwork for roadmap
development
7:30-8:30
Summit Registration
8:30-8:45
Welcome to the Summit
Matt Larsen
Associate Director for Water, US Geological Survey
Introduction to the Summit
Roger Moore, Open Ml Association, UK
Who are we (demographically)? Why are we here? What will we do? What will
we produce?
8:45-10:15
Ice-breaker: Introductions of Summit Participants and Participating
Organizations
Facilitator: Nathan Schwagler
10:15-10:30
Introduction to Integrated Environmental Modeling: Drivers and Philosophy
Speaker: Pierre Glynn, US Geological Survey
10:30-10:45
Coffee Break
10:45-12:15
The State of the Art and Practice of Integrated Environmental Modeling
Speaker: Alexey Voinov, iEMSs
IEM is a discipline whose focus is the science, engineering, and community of
integrated environmental systems analysis.
41
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Presentation: A summary view of the current IEM landscape including :
• Characteristics and examples of problems requiring IEM
• Characteristics and examples of IEM solutions
• Strengths and weaknesses of current IEM solutions
Facilitated Discussion: The output from this discussion will be a consensus view of
the current IEM landscape. This information will form the basis for establishing a vision
for the future of IEM and communicating with the Managers on Day 3.
Facilitators: David Fortune, Open Ml Association and Nathan Schwagler
Rapporteur: Bert Jaegers, Deltares
12:15-1:15
Lunch
1:15-3:00
Where We Are Going? A Vision for the Future of IEM
Roger Moore, Open Ml Association, UK
The IEM landscape includes four important layers; science, technology, application,
and organization/community. The vision for the future of IEM is presented as a series
of lEM-based activities placed in the context of these layers. For example, within the
science layer a vision statement for IEM may be:
In education we envision undergraduate and graduate degree programs
in integrated environmental modeling, integrated environmental
assessment, and trans-disciplinary environmental decision making.
The vision statements collectively represent a comprehensive view of the roles IEM will
play daytoday in the context of environmental assessment. Each layer/activity may
represent the primary focus of a segment of the IEM community, but no activity should
be designed or implemented without due consideration of all layers (i.e., the larger
context of IEM and environmental assessment).
Presentation: A strawman vision statement for IEM will be presented. This is a high
level view of the world of IEM in a 5to10yeartime frame.
42
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3:00-3:30
Facilitated Discussion: The output from this discussion will be a consensus of the
vision for the future of IEM. This vision statement will be used in subsequent sessions
as statements of intent that will require us to articulate and prioritize the challenges to
achieving the vision and to develop specific organization/community-based strategies
(roadmaps) for navigating the future landscape of IEM.
Facilitators: Gerry Laniak, USEPA and Nathan Schwagler
Rapporteur: Andrew Hughes, British Geological Survey
Coffee Break
3:30-5:00 The challenges ahead for IEM
Pierre Glynn, US Geological Survey
To achieve the vision for IEM will require significant advances in each of the major
layers of IEM (science, technology, application, and organization/community) and in the
integration across layers. This session will focus on reaching a common understanding
of the most important challenges that face IEM. For example, challenges related to
organization/community may include :
• Establishing cross-organizational research, development, and application
strategies
• Facilitating community-wide involvement and collaboration
It will also be important to describe and document the interdependencies among the
challenges and the vision statements. This will ensure that as the roadmap is
developed that challenges are addressed in an integrated holistic context.
Presentation: A strawman list of the science, technology, application, and
organizational challenges associated with implementation of the vision will be
presented.
43
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Facilitated Discussion: The intent of the discussion is to refine the list, define the
interdependencies, and develop a consensus prioritization. This list will form the input
to discussions focused on solutions and the IEM roadmap to the future. At this point
the groundwork has been laid to pursue development of a roadmap for IEM.
Facilitators: Gene Whelan, USEPA and Nathan Schwagler
Rapporteur: Noha Gaber, USEPA
Day 2:
Wednesday December 8, 2010: Developing the roadmap
8:30-9:00
9:00-10:30
10:30-11:00
11:00-12:30
Welcome to Day 2: Charge to Participants
Facilitator: Nathan Schwagler and Shane Sasnow
Development of an Integrated Modeling Science and Technology Roadmap :
Breakout Segment 1
Breakout 1: Integrated Modeling Science
Facilitators: Thomas Nicholson, NRC and Mary Hill, USGS
Breakout 2: Integrated Modeling Technology
Facilitators: Michiel Blind, Deltares and Peter Gijsbers, Deltares
(USA)
Breakout 3: Integrated Modeling Applications
Facilitators: Andrew Hughes, BGS and John Rees, NERC
Breakout 4: Organization/Social Aspects of Integrated Modeling
Facilitators: Candida West, USEPA and Noha Gaber, USEPA
Coffee Break
Development of an Integrated Modeling Science and Technology Roadmap :
44
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Breakout Segment 2
Breakout 1: Integrated Modeling Science
Facilitators: Thomas Nicholson, NRC and Mary Hill, USGS
Breakout 2: Integrated Modeling Technology
Facilitators: Michiel Blind, Deltares and Peter Gijsbers, Deltares
(USA)
Breakout 3: Integrated Modeling Applications
Facilitators: Andrew Hughes, BGS and John Rees, NERC
Breakout 4: Organization/Social Aspects of Integrated Modeling
Facilitators: Candida West, USEPA and Noha Gaber, USEPA
12:30-1:45
Lunch
1:45-3:15
Development of an Integrated Modeling Science and Technology Roadmap
Breakout Segment 3
Breakout 1: Integrated Modeling Science
Facilitators: Thomas Nicholson, NRC and Mary Hill, USGS
Breakout 2: Integrated Modeling Technology
Facilitators: Michiel Blind, Deltares and Peter Gijsbers, Deltares
(USA)
Breakout 3: Integrated Modeling Applications
Facilitators: Andrew Hughes, BGS and John Rees, NERC
Breakout 4: Organization/Social Aspects of Integrated Modeling
45
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3:15-3:45
3:45-5:15
7:00
Facilitators: Candida West, USEPA and Noha Gaber, USEPA
Coffee Break
Development of an Integrated Modeling Science and Technology Roadmap :
Breakout Segment 4
Breakout 1: Integrated Modeling Science
Facilitators: Thomas Nicholson, NRC and Mary Hill, USGS
Breakout 2: Integrated Modeling Technology
Facilitators: Michiel Blind, Deltares and Peter Gijsbers, Deltares
(USA)
Breakout 3: Integrated Modeling Applications
Facilitators: Andrew Hughes, BGS and John Rees, NERC
Breakout 4: Organization/Social Aspects of Integrated Modeling
Facilitators: Candida West, USEPA and Noha Gaber, USEPA
Workshop Dinner
Day 3:
Thursday December 9, 2010: Defining the next steps
8:30-9:00
Integrated Management and Modeling -the driving forces
Speaker: Denis Peach, Chief Scientist, British Geological Survey
9:00-10:30
Presentation of Roadmaps
Integrated Modeling Science
Presenters: Thomas Nicholson, NRC and Mary Hill, USGS
Integrated Modeling Technology
46
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10:30-11:00
11:00-12:30
12:30-1:30
1:30-3:00
3:00-3:30
3:30-5:00
5:00-5:30
Presenters
(USA)
Integrated
Presenters
: Michiel Blind, Deltares and Peter Gijsbers, Deltares
Modeling Applications
: Andrew Hughes, BGS and John Rees, NERC
Organization/Social Aspects of Integrated Modeling
Presenters
: Noha Gaber, USEPA
Coffee Break
Development of Prioritized Project Proposals
Facilitator:
Nathan Schwagler
Lunch
Development of Implementation Plans
Participants will form smaller groups of collaborating organizations to
develop project concept notes
Coffee Break
Making it Happen
Mechanisms for organizational collaboration and support for the community of
practice on integrated environmental modeling
Facilitator:
Wrap-up and Next
Nathan Schwagler
Steps
47
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Appendix 3: Workshop participants
Name
Steven Ackleson
Todd Anderson
Daniel Barrie
Luis Bermudez
Michiel Blind
Nicholas Clesceri
Olaf David
Pat Deliman
Michael Ellis
Gary Foley
David Fortune
Noha Gaber
Gary Geller
Kurt Gerdes
Gary Geernaert
Peter Gijsbers
Pierre Glynn
Jan Gregersen
Organization
Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research
Department of Energy
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Open Geospatial Consortium
Deltares
National Science Foundation
US Department of Agriculture
US Army Corps of Engineers
British Geological Survey
US Environmental Protection Agency
OpenMI Association
US Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Department of Energy
Department of Energy
Deltares (USA)
US Geological Survey
Hydroinform
Country
USA
USA
USA
International
Netherlands
USA
USA
USA
UK
USA
UK
USA
USA
USA
USA
Netherlands
USA
Denmark
Email
steve.ackleson@navy.mil
Todd.Anderson@science.doe.gov
Daniel.Barrie@noaa.gov
lbermudez@opengeospatial.org
Michiel.Blind@deltares.nl
nclescer@nsf.gov
olaf.david@ars.usda.gov
Patrick.N.Deliman@usace.army.mil
mich3@bgs.ac.uk
foley.gary@epa.gov
david.fortune@microdrainage.co.uk
gaber.noha@epa.gov
gary.n.geller@jpl.nasa.gov
Kurt.Gerdes@em.doe.gov
Gerald.Geernaert@science.doe.gov
Peter.Gijsbers@deltares-usa.us
pglynn@usgs.gov
Gregersen@Hydrolnform.com
48
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Angelica Guiterrez-Magness
Quillon Harpham
Mary Hill
Andrew Hughes
Warren Isom
Bert Jagers
Billy Johnson
Robert Kennedy
Holger Kessler
Rob Knapen
Gerry Laniak
Matt Larsen
David Maidment
Justin Marble
Michael McDermott
Roger Moore
Stefano Nativi
Michael Natschke
Thomas Nicholson
J0rgen Bo Nielsen
Gabriel Olchin
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
HR Wallingford
US Geological Survey
British Geological Survey
Willis Re:
Delta res
US Army Corps of Engineers
US Army Corps of Engineers
British Geological Survey
Alterra
US Environmental Protection Agency
US Geological Survey
Consortium for the Advancement of Hydrological
Sciences, Inc
Department of Energy
US Geological Survey
OpenMI Association
National Research Council
Kisters
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
DHI
US Environmental Protection Agency
USA
UK
USA
UK
USA
Netherlands
USA
USA
UK
Netherlands
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
UK
Italy
Germany
USA
Denmark
USA
Angelica.Gutierrez@noaa.gov
q.harpham@hrwallingford.co.uk
mchill@usgs.gov
aghug@bgs.ac.uk
warren.isom@willis.com
bert.jagers@deltares.nl
Billy.E.Johnson@usace.army.mil
Robert.H.Kennedy@usace.army.mil
hke@bgs.ac.uk
Rob.Knapen@wur.nl
laniak.gerry@epa.gov
mclarsen@usgs.gov
maidment@mail.utexas.edu
Justin.Marble@em.doe.gov
mmcdermo@usgs.gov
rvm@ceh.ac.uk
nativi@imaa.cnr.it
michael.natschke@kisters.de
Thomas.Nicholson@nrc.gov
jni@dhigroup.com
olchin.gabriel@epa.gov
49
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William Ott
Denis Peach
Scott Peckham
Christa Peters-Lidard
Tom Pierce
Sim Reaney
John Rees
Onno Roosenschoon
Mattia Santoro
Linda Sheldon
Simon Smart
Todd Swannack
Stanislav Vanecek
Roland Viger
Alexey Voinov
Candida West
Jim Westervelt
Gene Whelan
Ming Zhu
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
British Geological Survey
Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
US Environmental Protection Agency
Durham University
Natural Environmental Research Council/ British
Geological Survey
Alterra
National Research Council
US Environmental Protection Agency
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
US Army Corps of Engineers
DHI
US Geological Survey
International Environmental Modelling and Software
Society
US Environmental Protection Agency
US Army Corps of Engineers
US Environmental Protection Agency
Department of Energy
USA
UK
USA
USA
USA
UK
UK
Netherlands
Italy
USA
UK
USA
Czech
Republic
USA
International
USA
USA
USA
USA
William.Ott@nrc.gov
dwpe@bgs.ac.uk
scott.peckham@colorado.edu
christa.d.peters-lidard@nasa.gov
pierce.tom@epa.gov
sim.reaney@durham.ac.uk
jgre@bgs.ac.uk
Onno.Roosenschoon@wur.nl
santoro@imaa.cnr.it
sheldon.linda@epa.gov
ssma@ceh.ac.uk
Todd.M.Swannack@usace.army.mil
S.Vanecek@dhi.cz
rviger@usgs.gov
voinov@itc.nl
west.candida@epa.gov
James.D.Westervelt@usace.army.mil
whelan.gene@epa.gov
ming.zhu@em.doe.gov
50
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Project Title
Open Standards for Model
Interoperability
Sensitivity Analysis/
Uncertainty: Data to
Predictions
Community of Practice on
Integrated Environmental
Modeling Organizational
Structure
Lead(s)
Alexey Voinov
Mary Hill
Noha Gaber
Team Members
Roland Viger
Rob Knapen
David Fortune
Michiel Blind
Jorgen Bo Nielsen
Gabriel Olchin
Quillon Harpham
USEPA TBC
Onno Roosenschoon
Simon Smart
Angelica Gutierrez-
Magness
Christa Peters-Lidard
Quillon Harpham (as a link
to other groups at HR
Wallingford)
Sim Reaney
Mike Ellis (addressing
similar things at BGS)
Gabriel Olchin
Peter Gijsbers (as a link to
Deltares)
Candida West
Denis Peach
Andrew Hughes
John Rees
Michiel Blind
Scott Peckham
Roger Moore
Alexey Voinov
Mike Ellis
Onno Roosenschoon
Roland Viger
Gerry Laniak
New/Ongoing
New
New
New
51
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Jorgen Bo Nielsen
Environmental Virtual
Observatory Pilot (EVO-P)
Sim Reaney
Quillon Harpham
Roland Viger
Jan Gregersen
Michiel Blind (as a link to
Delatres: Gerben Deboer)
Ongoing
Ecomodeling for/ by Ecologists
Todd Swannack
Jim Westervelt
Alexey Voinov
Ongoing
Indicators for Water, Land-Use
and Species
Gary Geller
Simon Smart
Quillon Harpham
Brenda Rashleigh
Roland Viger
Stefano Nativi
Sim Reaney
Bert Jaegers (on behalf of
colleagues)
Onno Roosenschoon (on
behalf of colleagues)
Almost new
OGC Web Services IEM Pilot
Project
Luis Bermudez
Onno Roosenschoon
Stanislav Vanecek
Peter Gijsbers
Roger Moore
Roland Viger
Quillon Harpham
Jan Gregersen
Holger Kessler (connect to
BGS team)
Scott Peckham
Roger Moore
New
Benchmarking IEM
Methodologies and
Technologies
Peter Gijsbers
Olaf David
Jorgen Bo Nielsen
Jan Gregersen
Roland Viger
Gene Whelan
David Fortune
Bert Jaegers
Scott Peckham
New
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Java OpenMI Collaboration
Development of a Dynamic
Environmental Sensitivity to
Climate Change Model
Chernobyl Cooling Pond
Linkage of Watershed,
Hydrodynamic and Large Open
Water Models
Data Access Tools
British Geological Survey Open
Environmental Modelling
Platform
Education Curriculum
Case-study analyses of
requirements for IEM success
Rob Knapen
Mike Ellis
Tom Nicholson
Pat Deliman
Kurt Wolfe
Rajbir Parmar
Andrew Hughes
John Rees
Holger Kessler
Gene Whelan
Olaf David
Scott Peckham
Pierre Glynn
Roger Moore
Rob Knapen
Quillon Harpham
Holger Kessler (as a link to
BGS Java Developers)
Candida West
Bert Jaegers
Boris Faybishenko
Billy Johnson
Sim Reaney
Quillon Harpham
Bert Jaegers
David Fortune
Bert Jaegers
Quillon Harpham
Jorgen Bo Nielsen
Sim Reaney
Jan Gregersen
Rob Knapen
Jan Gregersen
Bert Jaegers (Link to geo
colleagues at Deltares and
alternative application of
technology goals)
Billy Johnson
Gabriel Olchin
Tom Nicholson
Andrew Hughes
Sim Reaney
Holger Kessler
Todd Swannack
Quillon Harpham
Alexey Voinov
Warren Isom
Peter Gijsbers
Bob Kennedy
Michiel Blind
New
Almost New
Developing
New
Ongoing
New
New
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Jorgen Bo Nielsen
Fluid Earth & Quillon
Harpham
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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