JOINT EPA- HUD CURRICULUM
June 2013
1
s
Model Certified Lead Dust Sampling
Technician Training Course
STUDENT MANUAL
EPA-740-R-13-001
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Student Overview
This Course Curriculum
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Office of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) have produced this course to refresh previously trained individuals how to
conduct non-abatement lead dust clearance testing. This course is designed to be taught over
approximately an 4.5-hour time period with at least 30 minutes hours devoted to hands-on
training. For certification purposes, the course can be taught by either an EPA-accredited
training provider, or a training provider accredited by an authorized State, Tribe, or Territory.
Objectives for the Course
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the Federal, State, and Indian Tribe regulatory requirements for lead dust
clearance testing;
Conduct a visual inspection and correctly identify visible dust, debris, and deteriorated
paint;
Appropriately determine where to take dust samples and how to develop a sampling
strategy.
Collect dust samples in accordance with standard acceptable procedures;
Interpret the results of a laboratory analysis for lead in dust correctly;
Apply these skills to conduct an appropriate lead dust clearance test in post-renovation
and other circumstances;
Write a complete, accurate, and understandable report of sampling results; and
Explain the results to the client.
Audience for the Course
Organizations that will be interested in this course include:
State and local public agencies that administer Federal funds for housing;
Non-profit and community housing organizations, particularly those that assist public
agencies in administering Federal housing funds;
State and local health departments;
Home inspection firms; and
Lead and other environmental services firms.
Appropriate staff to take this course will include:
Housing quality standards (HQS) inspectors;
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Student Overview
Rehabilitation specialists;
Home inspectors; and
Other staff who are involved in evaluating buildings.
Overview of Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Curriculum
This training course consists of three parts in the six chapters including:
Part 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction provides an overview of the course, the role of a lead dust
sampling technician, and the relevance of the EPA Renovation, Repair, and Painting
(RRP) Rule and HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule (LSHR).
Part 2: Skills
Chapter 2: Visual Inspection explains how to perform a visual inspection for paint
chips, dust and debris and, in some circumstances, deteriorated paint.
Chapter 3: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling describes how to prepare for and collect dust
wipe samples.
Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results describes how to select
an accredited lab, how to submit samples, and how to interpret the results and determine
if they are acceptable.
Part 3: Application
Chapter 5: Writing the Report covers how to prepare the report and explain the results
to the client.
Course Materials
Course materials include slides, an instructor manual, a student manual, and a. Lead Dust
Sampling Technician Field Guide.
Slides. Each chapter in this course has slides that highlight key points to be made during
the presentation. The slides also include pictures, diagrams, and other visual aids.
Student Manual. The student manual includes everything in the instructor manual
except this instructor overview and the instructor notes that appear at the front of every
chapter in the instructor manual.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Field Guide. The Lead Dust Sampling Technician
Field Guide provides protocols for conducting post-renovation clearance under EPA's
RRP Rule and clearance examinations under HUD's LSHR in housing and child-
occupied facilities built before 1978. This guide also provides Federal standards for lead
in dust. Refer to the Lead Dust Sampling Technician Field Guide as appropriate.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
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Welcome to the Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Course Objectives
Understand what a lead-dust clearance test is.
Identify steps in lead-dust clearance testing.
Learn how to:
- Conduct a visual inspection
- Collect lead dust samples
- Interpret results
- Write a report
- Explain the results to the client
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The EPA has provided this model curriculum to teach individuals how to conduct lead dust
clearance testing after renovation activities.
Lead dust clearance testing is often performed to find out whether lead dust remains after
renovation, repair, or painting. It is required by HUD's LSHR regulations for most
renovations. By the end of the course, students will be able to perform the actions listed
above.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Overview of Student Materials
Student Manual
Attachments
Appendices
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
Field Guide
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The student materials include a student manual, attachments, appendices, and a copy of
the Lead Dust Sampling Technician Field Guide.
The student manual contains copies of the slides that are used by the instructor
during the course.
The attachments and appendices provide important summaries, checklists, tables,
and tools you can use.
The Lead Dust Sampling Technician Field Guide outlines key points and
procedures in one easy-to-read reference tool that can be taken along on the job.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Health Risks of Lead
In children:
- Damage to the brain and central nervous system;
can cause developmental and behavioral
problems.
In pregnant women:
- Damage to the fetus
In workers:
- Elevated blood pressure
- Loss of sex drive and/or capability
- Physical fatigue
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Children under 6 are most at risk from small amounts of lead.
Children are at a greater risk than adults. During normal and frequent playing or hand-to-
mouth activity, children may swallow or inhale lead dust from their hands, toys, food, or
other objects.
In children, lead may cause:
Nervous system and kidney damage
Decreased intelligence, attention deficit disorder, and learning disabilities
Speech, language, and behavioral problems
Among adults, pregnant women are especially at risk from exposure to lead.
Lead is passed from the mother to the fetus and can cause:
Miscarriage
Premature birth
Brain damage
Low birth weight
Health effects of lead in adults include:
Elevated blood pressure
Reproductive problems in men and women
Digestive problems
Nerve disorders
Memory and concentration problems
Sexual disorders
Muscle or joint pain
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Why Are Dust and Debris a Problem?
Renovations that disturb lead-based paint create
dust and debris.
Very small amounts of lead dust can poison
children.
Adults can swallow or breathe lead dust during
work activities.
Workers can bring lead dust home and poison
their families.
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Dust and debris from renovation, repair, and painting jobs in pre-1978 housing and
child-occupied facilities may contain lead.
Pre-1978 paint may contain lead.
Common renovation activities like sanding, scraping, cutting, and demolition can create
hazardous lead dust and chips by disturbing lead-based paint.
Some tasks, such as power sanding, open flame burning, and the use of heat guns above
1100 degrees Fahrenheit, create large amounts of extremely fine lead dust that is very
difficult to clean up.
Small amounts of lead dust can poison children and adults.
A tiny amount of lead can be extremely harmful.
Lead dust particles are often so small that you cannot see them, yet you can breathe or
swallow them. These smaller, inhaled or swallowed lead dust particles are more easily
absorbed by the body than larger particles, and can therefore more easily cause poisoning.
Lead dust may be breathed or swallowed by children, residents, and workers.
Through normal hand-to-mouth activities, children may swallow or inhale lead dust on their
hands, toys, food, or other objects. Children may also ingest paint chips.
Adults can swallow or breathe lead dust during work activities.
When workers perform activities such as scraping and sanding by hand, or use a
power sander or grinding tool, dust is created. The dust goes into the air that they
breathe.
If workers eat, drink, smoke, or put anything into their mouths without washing up
first, they may swallow the lead dust present.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Regulations Addressing Lead
Hazards in Housing
To address the issue of lead hazards in housing, EPA
and HUD have issued several regulations.
EPA currently oversees the training and certification of
abatement contractors, inspectors, and risk assessors.
HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule (LSHR) addresses
lead hazards in Federally owned and assisted housing.
In April 2008, EPA issued the Renovation Repair and
Painting (RRP) Rule to address lead hazards created
during renovation.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Overview of the Lead Hazard
Evaluation Courses
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
Lead-Based Paint Inspector
Risk Assessor
- All three disciplines can conduct dust
clearance testing after an RRP project
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There are three courses for professionals who wish to be certified to conduct evaluations
for lead dust, lead hazards and/or lead-based paint:
Lead Dust Sampling Technician: This 8-hour training course teaches you how to
become a lead dust sampling technician. You will learn how to conduct a visual
inspection, collect dust wipe samples, interpret results, and write a lead dust
clearance test report.
Lead-Based Paint Inspector: To become a certified lead-based paint inspector, you
must take a 24-hour training course. In the lead-based paint inspector course, you
will learn the skills and protocols for conducting a paint inspection. A lead-based paint
inspection is a surface-by-surface investigation to locate all lead-based paint on a
property. We will talk more about what a paint inspection is in the next chapter.
Risk Assessor: To become a certified risk assessor, you must successfully complete
a lead-based paint inspector course plus an additional 16-hour risk assessor course.
In the risk assessor course, you will learn the skills and protocols necessary for
conducting risk assessments. A risk assessment is an on-site investigation to identify
all lead-based paint hazards on a property.
Today you are taking the LOST Training Course.
Refer to Attachment 1-A: Comparing Lead Evaluation Professionals for additional
information.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
EPA's RRP rule also established the lead dust
sampling technician discipline.
To work as a dust sampling technician, an
individual must successfully complete this training
course. The course completion certificate will
serve as your certification.
Dust sampling technicians are used in both EPA's
and HDD's regulations.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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A Lead Dust Sampling Technician
Can...
Perform post-renovation lead dust clearance
testing under EPA's RRP Rule
Perform a clearance examination after hazard
reduction or maintenance activities in most
properties covered by HUD's LSHR
Is Not Allowed To...
Perform clearance after an abatement
Sample paint for lead content
Sample soil for lead
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A lead dust sampling technician can perform lead dust clearance testing, but not if associated with an
abatement.
The purpose of lead dust clearance testing after renovation, repair, or painting activities that disturb
lead-based paint is to determine if a work area is safe for re-occupancy. These activities can create
lead dust, so proper cleanup is critical.
While lead dust sampling technicians can conduct post-renovation lead dust clearance testing, they
are not allowed to conduct post-abatement clearance. Clearance after abatement must be done by a
certified risk assessor or a lead-based paint inspector.
Abatements are projects designed to permanently remove or eliminate lead-based paint and lead-
based paint hazards.
Abatement does not include renovation, remodeling, landscaping, or other activities, when such
activities are not designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, but, instead, are
designed to repair, restore, or remodel a given structure or dwelling, even though these activities may
incidentally result in a reduction or elimination of lead-based paint hazards.
So, if a renovation job involves abatement, the lead dust sampling technician cannot perform lead dust
clearance testing on the abatement part of the job. Make sure you understand what type of work was
done before conducting lead dust clearance testing.
In addition, a lead dust sampling technician is not trained to test paint for lead content. Paint sampling
must be done by a lead-based paint inspector or risk assessor.
Finally, a lead dust sampling technician is not trained to sample soil. Soil sampling must be done by a
certified lead-based paint inspector or risk assessor.
HUD NOTE: HUD does not allow sampling technicians to work on abatement projects.
HUD also requires that a certified risk assessor or a certified lead-based paint inspector
approve the work of the clearance sampling technician and sign the clearance report.
Sampling technicians may work on single-family properties or individually-specified
dwelling units and associated common areas in a multi-unit property as directed by a
certified risk assessor or a certified lead-based paint inspector, but may not themselves
select dwelling units or common areas for testing.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
EPA's RRP Rule
Common renovation activities like sanding,
cutting, and demolition can create hazardous lead
dust and chips by disturbing lead-based paint.
On April 22, 2008 EPA issued a rule requiring the
use of lead-safe practices and other actions
aimed at preventing lead poisoning.
Beginning on April 22, 2010, all contractors
performing renovation and all dust sampling
technicians must be trained and certified.
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Beginning April 22, 2010, contractors performing RRP projects that disturb lead-based paint
in homes, child care facilities, and schools built before 1978 must be certified and must
follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
EPA's RRP Rule - (cont.)
Upon completion of renovation activity, the RRP Rule
requires either:
- cleaning verification by a certified renovator, or
- lead dust clearance testing by a certified LOST,
lead-based paint inspector, or risk assessor
"Cleaning verification" need not be done if both lead
dust clearance testing and achieving clearance is
required by:
- the contract between the renovator and the
property owner, or
- another Federal, State, or local law
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The cleaning verification process involves a visual inspection of the work area, followed by
wiping of the windowsills, floors, and countertops with wet disposable cleaning cloths and
comparing the wipes to a cleaning verification card.
Cleaning verification must be performed by a certified renovator; it cannot be done by the
lead dust sampling technician and sampling technicians are not allowed to perform
clearance on abatement projects or on abatement parts of renovation projects.
See Appendix A for a portion of the EPA RRP final rule.
HUD Note: A certified sampling technician may work on HUD-assisted single-family
properties or individually-specified dwelling units and associated common areas in a
multi-unit property. The sampling technician may work on a random sampling of
dwelling units or common areas in muttifamily properties only as directed by a certified
risk assessor or a certified lead-based paint inspector, but the sampling technician may
not select dwelling units or common areas for testing, and the risk assessor or inspector
must approve the sampling technician's work and sign the clearance report for the
report to be acceptable.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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EPA's RRP Rule - (cont.)
You must be a certified LOST to perform post-
renovation clearance testing under EPA's RRP
Rule.
Certified LDSTs must complete a refresher course
within 5 years of their previous certification.
Successful completion of this course completes
the re-certification process.
You will be certified by either EPA, or if they are
an authorized program, the State, Tribe, or
Territory in which you work.
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To conduct a post-renovation clearance examination, the individual must be a certified lead
dust sampling technician, lead-based paint inspector, or risk assessor.
EPA LOST certification allows the certified individual to perform post-renovation lead dust
clearance testing in residential housing and child-occupied facilities. Certified lead dust
sampling technicians cannot conduct post-abatement clearance testing.
When going to a worksite, lead dust sampling technicians must have a copy of their initial
course completion certificate and most recent refresher training course completion
certificate.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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EPA's RRP Rule - (cont.)
Before conducting dust clearance sampling after a
renovation, a visual inspection of the work area for
dust and debris is required.
Results of dust clearance testing must be
interpreted according to the EPA/HUD clearance
standards and provided to the client.
All surfaces represented by a failed clearance test
must be re-cleaned and re-tested until the
clearance level is met.
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More details on all these topics are discussed later in the course.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule -
(LSHR)
HUD requires clearance testing on all but very small
renovation or maintenance jobs.
Clearance must be performed by a clearance examiner
who is independent of those performing work (third
party).
This clearance must be performed by either a certified
lead-based paint inspector, risk assessor, or sampling
technician.
HUD requires a visual inspection (assessment), dust
sampling, laboratory analysis, and submission of a
clearance report.
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HUD's LSHR requires that lead hazards be corrected in target housing receiving Federal
housing assistance or being sold. It also requires clearance dust sampling as a routine part
of every such activity, unless very small amounts of paint are disturbed.
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HUD's LSHR-(cont.)
HUD clearance generally covers an entire dwelling unit,
common areas, and exteriors.
Worksite-only clearance is permitted on certain renovation
or maintenance jobs.
- For ongoing lead-based paint maintenance
- Rehabilitation assistance up to and including $5,000
per unit
Clearance report must include specifics of property, results
of visual inspection, laboratory information, dates, written
description of work performed, and dust testing results.
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Clearance must be on the entire unit unless the worksite has been properly contained or
the LSHR specifically permits worksite-only clearance. The LSHR permits worksite-only
clearance for units receiving rehabilitation assistance up to and including $5,000 and for
ongoing lead-based paint maintenance activities.
Sampling requirements will be discussed in later chapters.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
HUD's LSHR-(cont-)
Use EPA/HUD clearance standards to interpret
dust sampling results.
HUD requires that all surfaces represented by a
failed clearance test be re-cleaned and re-tested
until the clearance level is met.
If the work area fails the visual inspection, the
sampling technician must stop and require the
renovator to re-clean.
The sampling technician must then re-inspect
before dust testing.
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Details on these topics are provided later in the course.
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Attachment 1-A: Comparing Lead Evaluation Professionals
Is qualified to perform
the following types of
evaluations
Is not qualified to
perform
Training/Certification
required to perform
evaluations
Skills
LEAD DUST
SAMPLING
TECHNICIAN
Post-renovation
clearance testing
Clearance after
hazard reduction or
maintenance
activities in HUD-
covered properties
Post-abatement
clearance
Soil and paint
testing
Certification
8 training hours
Perform:
Visual inspection
Lead dust wipe
sampling
To identify dust lead
hazards after
renovation.
LEAD-BASED
PAINT INSPECTOR
Paint inspections
All clearance
Risk assessments
Certification
24 training hours
Perform:
Visual inspection
Paint chip
sampling
Paint testing by
XRF
Lead dust wipe
sampling for
clearance
To identify the
existence and location
of lead-based paint.
LEAD-BASED
PAINT RISK
ASSESSOR
Risk assessments
Paint inspections
All clearance
Certification
40 training hours
(24 inspector hours
and 16 risk
assessor hours)
Perform:
Interview of
residents
Visual inspection
Lead dust wipe
sampling
Soil sampling
Paint chip
sampling
XRF testing
To assess a unit,
identify all lead
hazards, and
recommend methods
for lead hazard
reduction.
1-17
Attachment
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Chapter 2
Visual Inspection
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
2-2
Objectives
Learn what a visual inspection is
Learn the steps for performing a visual
inspection under both EPA's and HUD's
regulations
Learn when to look for deteriorated paint,
visible dust or debris, and paint chips
Record results on a visual inspection form
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This chapter will outline the steps a lead dust sampling technician must take to
perform a visual inspection. A visual inspection is the first activity to perform on site
for any lead dust clearance testing. This chapter will also highlight the differences in
visual inspection between EPA's RRP Rule and HUD's LSHR.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
2-3
Visual Inspection
Under both EPA's and
inspection is the first st
process.
The visual inspection d
unit/work area (interior
visible conditions that c
lead-based paint hazar
- Chips or debris
- Visible dust
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The visual inspection determines whether the unit/work area is clear of conditions
that can result in exposure to lead-based paint hazards, such as paint chips, debris,
visible dust, and deteriorated paint. If these conditions are present, the unit does
not meet EPA's and HUD's rules for lead dust clearance testing. HUD generally
requires visual inspection and clearance of an entire unit, with worksite-only
clearance allowable under certain conditions.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - EPA RRP Lead
Dust Clearance Testing
At the conclusion of the renovation, the certified
renovator may have conducted a visual inspection
to look for paint chips, dust, and debris.
The LOST must conduct a separate visual
inspection of the work area to ensure that the area
is free of debris and ready for lead dust sampling.
If any paint chips, dust, or debris are found, the
renovation firm should re-clean these areas before
the dust sampling technician begins to collect dust
wipe samples.
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2-4
It is important for the lead dust sampling technician to understand that the
renovation firm may perform his or her own preliminary visual inspection. The lead
dust sampling technician should also perform a visual inspection of the work area.
If the lead dust sampling technician observes paint chips, dust, or debris in the work
area, these conditions must be brought to the attention of the certified renovator for
re-cleaning.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
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Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
HUD's rule requires identification of deteriorated
paint
Whole-unit clearance generally required unless
worksite-only clearance is allowed.
Do not perform lead dust clearance testing if
unit/work area does not pass visual inspection.
If deteriorated paint, dust, or debris is found, it
must be eliminated before dust sampling may
begin.
- See Attachment 2-A and 2-B
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III
Why look for deteriorated paint?
In order to address lead dust in a housing unit, you need to address its sources,
including deteriorated lead-based paint. If paint contains lead, deteriorated paint
can create chips and dust, which can cause exposure to lead.
* NOTE: The LSHR refers to this process as a "visual assessment," but for
purposes of this curriculum, the term "visual inspection" is used.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
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Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Inspect exterior area if:
- Exterior painted surfaces have been disturbed
by renovation activity
- Openings to exterior were not sealed during
interior work
Inspect ground and outdoor living areas close to
affected surfaces
Visible dust or debris must be removed
Deteriorated paint must be eliminated
Dust sampling is not performed for exterior work
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EXTERIOR VISUAL INSPECTION IS NOT REQUIRED IF ONLY INTERIOR
WORK IS PERFORMED.
An independent third party is needed to do an exterior visual inspection if the
exterior work was done under HUD's LSHR. A certified dust sampling technician is
qualified to perform this inspection.
For more information, see Appendix B or 24 CFR 35.1340.
HUD Note: HUD requires sampling technicians to verify with renovator
\ that openings to the exterior are closed during interior work. If not
closed, exterior visual inspection is required for interior work.
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Dust sampling is not required for exterior work. There are no dust-lead
clearance standards for porches, balconies, railings, or other horizontal exterior
features.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Exterior Debris
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Identify any paint that is not intact:
- Chipping
- Peeling
- Chalking
- Cracking
- Holes, moisture,
and friction
damage
Hairline cracks and
nail holes are not
considered
deteriorated paint.
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Deteriorated paint is any paint that is not intact. It does not have to be peeling
paint.
As seen in the following photographs, deteriorated paint can include:
Chipping paint on door and window trim
Peeling paint and flaking paint on walls and window sashes
Paint with small bubbles that look like blisters
Paint with lines and cracks that make it easy to peel the paint away
Paint that is "chalking" or creating chalk-like dust
Note: Hairline cracks and nail holes are not considered deteriorated paint.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
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Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Dust
- Dust you can see
Debris
- Pieces of wood,
bits of plaster, and
various other
building pieces
covered in paint
Paint chips
- Small pieces of
paint
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What do visible dust, paint chips, and debris look like?
Visible dust is dust you can see.
Debris can be pieces of wood, bits of plaster, and various other building pieces
covered with paint that are left in the room or near where the work was done.
Paint chips are little pieces of paint. Chips can be even smaller than your
fingernail or larger than your hand. Look for paint chips on floors and windows.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Chipping Paint
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Holes in wall
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Deteriorated Paint
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Cracking Paint
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The arrow here points to a crack in the paint.
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Moisture Damage
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Moisture can be the cause of many paint problems. In this case, it is causing the
paint to bubble.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
2-15
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Friction Damage
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
2-16
Visual Inspection - HUD LSHR
Be precise about locations.
Write down results as you go.
Write down other information, indicating
source.
See sample visual inspection form.
(Attachment 2-B)
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June 2013
When recording the results of a visual inspection, take the following steps:
Be precise about locations (e.g., room descriptions and/or specific areas in
room) where visible dust, debris, paint chips, and deteriorated paint were
found.
Write down results as you go along.
Write down other information the client provides about the surface in question.
See Completed Sample Visual Inspection Form in Attachment 2-B.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
2-16
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Chapter 2: Visual Inspection
2-17
Review
Visual inspection is the first step to clearance.
EPA's visual inspection determines that the area is
free of dust and debris before dust clearance
testing can begin.
HDD's visual inspection also checks for
deteriorated paint and generally covers the entire
unit unless worksite-only clearance is allowed.
Visual inspection as part of clearance is the
responsibility of the dust sampling technician.
Recordkeeping should be methodical.
** PDA
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See Slides 2-3 through 2-16 for information and answers.
See Slide 2-3 for information and answers.
See Slides 2-3 through 2-9 for information and answers.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
2-17
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Attachment 2-A: Sample Visual Inspection Form
SAMPLE VISUAL INSPECTION FORM
Date and Time of
Clearance
Lead Dust Sampling
Technician
Client
Property Address
Location
Identify visible areas of dust, paint chips, painted debris, and
deteriorated paint. (Note location: walls, ceiling, floors, doors,
windows, trim, cabinets, approximate square footage, etc.)
2-18
Attachment
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Attachment 2-B: Completed Sample Visual Inspection Form
SAMPLE VISUAL INSPECTION FORM
Date and Time of
Clearance
Lead Dust Sampling
Technician
Client
Property Address
8/5/09 1LOOAM
Jane White
The Smith Family
78 East Main Street
Hammond, IN 89898
Location
Entry Area
Living Room
Dining Room
Kitchen
Common Area
Bedroom #1
Small bedroom
(Street Side)
Bedroom #2
Small bedroom
(Back of the house)
Bath #1
Exterior
Identify visible areas of dust, paint chips, painted debris, and
deteriorated paint. (Note location: walls, ceiling, floors, doors,
windows, trim, cabinets, approximate square footage, etc.)
Window above sink; deteriorated paint on window sash. Client said
deteriorated paint was tested and is not lead-based paint.
East window; deteriorated paint on lower sash and dust and paint
chips in trough. Client said deteriorated paint was tested and is not
lead-based paint.
Dust and paint chips on floor.
2-19
Attachment
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Chapter 3: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
-------
Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-1
Chapter 3
Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Objectives
Learn when and where to take a dust
wipe sample
Learn how to take a dust wipe sample
Sample 3 surfaces where dust is
collected
Learn the difference between single-
surface and composite sampling
£L PP/V
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3-2
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
A Lead Dust Wipe Measures:
Total amount of lead dust on a specific
surface area (lead loading)
- The EPA lead dust clearance standards use
this type of measurement.
Lead present at the time and location of
sample collection
- Does not tell you about past or future levels
- Lead levels can change depending on the
activity in the house or in different locations
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
3-3
A dust wipe measures the total amount of lead dust on a specific surface area. This
measurement is called lead "loading." Lead loading is a good indicator of the amount of
lead to which a child is exposed.
Dust wipes measure lead dust at a particular point in time.
Lead levels can change as the amount of lead dust on the surface changes.
Lead levels also can change depending on the activity in the house, including
activities that disturb lead-based paint and the frequency of cleaning.
The measurement tells you how much lead existed when the sample was collected;
it does not tell you about past or likely future lead levels.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-4
Sampling Strategy
You must wait at least 1 hour after final cleanup is
completed and visual inspection is passed before
collecting samples to allow time for dust to settle out of
the air and onto surfaces.
When choosing sampling locations, identify areas
where the most dust was generated during the job.
Whenever possible sample hard floors, not carpets.
Make sure to follow the sampling requirements in the
next slides or the Field Guide to select your final
sample locations.
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
You must wait a minimum of 1 hour after the final cleanup is completed before collecting
dust wipe samples. This allows time for the dust to settle out of the air and onto surfaces.
Single-surface dust wipe samples contain one wipe from one surface.
- They measure lead dust from a specific surface, such as a floor or an interior windowsill.
- They measure the total lead in the surface area.
- They do not tell you about dust lead levels in other places on the same surface. Dust lead
levels can vary substantially.
When planning a sampling strategy, consider your sample numbering scheme and prepare
for the number of samples you expect to take. Try to capture the sampling locations near
dust-generating tasks that occurred during the job.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapter 3: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-5
Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Locations: EPA RRP Rule
If there is more than 1 room, hallway, or stairwell within the work
area, take:
- 1 windowsill sample and 1 floor sample within each room,
hallway, or stairwell (no more than 4 rooms, hallways, or
stairwells need be sampled)
- If the windows were not closed and covered with plastic during
the renovation, also take 1 window trough sample in each room,
hallway, or stairwell (no more than 4 need be sampled).
- 1 floor sample adjacent to the work area, but not in an area that
has been cleaned
For Federally-assisted housing, take these samples if the work area
is contained, otherwise, clear the whole unit, as discussed in the
previous slide.
£L PDA
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Although cleaning verification is not performed on carpeted floors, dust clearance sampling
is. LDSTs should not avoid sampling carpeted floors.
If the work area includes more than 4 rooms, hallways, or stairwells, only 4 must be
sampled. A windowsill sample and a floor sample must be collected from each of 4 rooms,
hallways, or stairways within the work area.
The RRP Rule requires all objects and surfaces, including floors, within 2 feet of the work
area to be cleaned after the work has been completed. Floor samples required to be
collected outside of the work area must be collected outside of the cleaned area
surrounding the work area.
Window troughs may contain pre-existing dust lead hazards. If possible, LDSTs should
discuss the window trough sampling requirements with the certified renovator before the
renovation begins. If the windows in the work area remain closed and covered with plastic
during the renovation, window trough sampling will not be necessary.
The next few slides on sampling apply to HUD as well.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-5
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Locations: EPA RRP Rule - (cont.)
If the work area is a single room, hallway, or
stairwell, or a smaller area, take:
- 1 windowsill sample and 1 floor sample
- If the windows were not closed and covered
with plastic during the renovation, also take 1
window trough sample.
- 1 floor sample adjacent to the work area, but
not in an area that has been cleaned.
3-6
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-6
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-7
HUD Clearance
HUD does not allow clearance to be performed on a
work area alone that has not been adequately contained
HUD clearance can be done in several ways
- Whole unit clearance in most cases
- Worksite-only clearance in some cases
- Clearance for interior work when containment is used
LOST should discuss sampling strategy with renovator
prior to start of work
See HUD Sampling Appendix and optional HUD
Sampling Exercise for detailed descriptions of HUD
sampling strategies.
£L PDA
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
HUD has different requirements than EPA for clearance. Although EPA's post-renovation
clearance protocol is similar to HUD's allowed protocol for worksite-only clearance, HUD
has additional requirements to use this sampling strategy. Although the sampling
requirements are very important for Federally-funded renovation activity, these units will
represent a relatively small percentage of all renovation projects performed nationwide.
Because most of the renovation jobs that are expected to occur in U.S. housing will not be
funded with Federal housing assistance, details on HUD sampling are provided attached to
the curriculum in the optional sampling exercise for HUD-assisted work and in the HUD
sampling appendix. All LDSTs should discuss sampling plans with the renovator before
work begins; with particular attention to whether the project is receiving Federal housing
assistance, so the proper sampling strategy can be used to comply with the Lead Safe
Housing Rule.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-7
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Activity: Where To Take Samples
You are now going to practice sampling
area strategies.
Your instructor will provide you with a
hypothetical renovation scenario and
diagram.
Read the scenario and mark the
location(s) of where you think dust wipe
samples should be taken.
3-8
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-8
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Remember...
Be strategic about laying out sampling
area to capture areas were the highest
dust generating tasks occurred during
the job.
Refer to the Field Guide or Chapter 3 to
determine the appropriate places to take
your samples.
3-9
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-9
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-10
How To Take Dust Wipe Samples
Now that you know where and when to
sample, the next section will cover the
most important part of the course: How to
take dust wipe samples.
Regardless of the rule you are working
under, the methods for taking and later
analyzing dust wipe samples are identical.
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-10
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Dust Wipe Sampling Materials
Wipes - Disposable individually packaged wipes. Check
with you laboratory, they often provide these
Disposable gloves - Should be non-sterilized and non-
powdered
Disposable shoe covers - Use of disposable shoe covers
helps to minimize the transfer of settled dust from one
location to another.
Containers - Centrifuge tubes or other hard plastic, non-
glass containers. They should be non-sterilized, plastic
tubes equipped with a scalable lid.
Reusable template - A 12" x 12" reusable template for
floors.
3-11
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Key supplies are listed above. Check with your analytical lab, because they will often
provide some of these materials.
Disposable lead dust wipes. Use individually packaged wipes (laboratories often
provide these). The wipes should meet ASTM Standard E1792-03. Do not use any
wipes that contain aloe or lanolin.
Disposable gloves. Gloves should be disposable. Non-sterilized and non-powdered
gloves are recommended because powder on gloves may contaminate the sample
(laboratories often provide them).
Disposable shoe covers. Use of disposable shoe covers between buildings and the
removal of shoe covers before entering your vehicle can be helpful in minimizing the
inadvertent transfer of settled dust from one location to another.
Centrifuge tubes or other hard plastic, non-glass container. They should be non-
sterilized, plastic tubes equipped with a sealable lid.
Reusable templates. A 12"x12" reusable plastic or disposable cardboard template is
best.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-11
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-12
Dust Wipe Sampling Materials - (cont.)
Tape - Painter's or masking tape works well
Ruler -To measure sampling areas if templates are not
available
Sample collection forms and chain-of-custody forms
Labeling and cleanup supplies. Permanent markers, trash
bags, labels, re-sealable storage bags, and sanitary wipes
Pen -To complete the sample collection form, label tubes,
and write down notes
Calculator - To assist in the calculation of sampling area
dimensions
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Key supplies are listed above. Check with your analytical lab, because they will often
provide some of these materials.
Tape. Painter's or masking tape works well. Tape is used to secure templates while taking
dust samples and to outline sample areas when templates are not available.
Ruler. To measure sampling areas if templates are not available.
Sample collection forms and chain-of-custody forms. Laboratories will generally
provide their own forms.
Labeling and cleanup supplies. Permanent markers, trash bags, labels, re-sealable
storage bags, and sanitary wipes for face and hands if no access to warm and soapy water.
Pen. A pen should be used to complete the sample collection form, label tubes, and write
down notes.
Calculator. A calculator should be used to assist in the calculation of sampling area
dimensions.
Sanitary Wipes. To be used for cleanup if no access to warm, soapy water.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-12
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-13
Blank Samples
A new, unused wipe that is tested at the laboratory to
determine whether the sampling medium is
contaminated.
Laboratory should not know they are blanks
- Blanks should be assigned sample numbers and
locations
- Only your copy of the sample collection form should
identify which samples are blanks.
One blank sample should be submitted
- For each job tested
- From each wipe lot
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
Blank samples are new, unused wipes that are sent to the laboratory to determine whether the sampling media are
contaminated by providing a "clean" (assumed lead-free) wipe for comparison. Because you should prepare blank
samples on every job, you should factor the costs associated with these samples into your fee. Submitting blank
samples is important to test the accuracy of your sampling techniques, the sampling media, and the laboratory's
analysis.
Preparing blank samples. You should prepare blank samples in the same manner as other dust wipes.
Prepare blank samples at the end of a job - after collecting all of your dust wipe samples.
Remove a new wipe from the container with a new glove, shake the wipe open, and refold it as you would if
you were taking a dust sample.
Insert the unused wipe into a sampling container without touching any surfaces.
Labeling and submitting blank samples. Blank samples should be labeled so you can identify them, but the lab
cannot. Do not label blank samples as "blank."
Give the sample a fictitious number that looks like your other sample numbers and provide a fictitious
sample location and measurements to the lab.
Keep notes in your records identifying the blank sample number.
Submit one blank sample for each unit sampled. Additionally, one blank should be included from each wipe
lot used to ensure that the lots are not contaminated. The wipe lot number is usually found on the bottom of
the wipe container.
It is improper to label blanks as such because of the unavoidable potential for biasing the laboratory
analysts; it is poor practice to have all blanks at the same portion of each unit's (and each wipe lot's)
samples.
Interpreting blank samples. If the laboratory detects more than 10 ug/wipe, one of three errors may have occurred:
The dust wipes were contaminated before you began using them;
You contaminated the wipes during your sampling; or
The laboratory contaminated them during the analysis.
If the blank sample is contaminated, then the data should not be used and the unit in question should be re-sampled.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-13
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-14
How To Collect Samples
Step 1: Put on disposable shoe covers and lay out the sample
area.
Step 2: Prepare the tubes.
Step 3: Put on clean gloves.
Step 4: Sample the selected area and place wipe in tube.
Step 5: Measure the sample area.
Step 6: Record sample area (dimensions) on forms.
Step 7: Clean up.
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This slide presents an overview of the dust sample collection process, which has seven key
steps. Each of these steps is presented here and in more detail later in this training.
Step 1: Put on disposable shoe covers and lay out the sample area. Carefully outline
the area you will sample using a template or tape.
Step 2: Prepare the tubes. Label the tubes and place partially opened tubes near the spot
you will sample.
Step 3: Put on clean gloves. Put on clean gloves before collecting each sample. This
helps minimize contamination.
Step 4: Wipe sample area. Wipe the entire area you laid out with disposable wipe for the
sample. Fold the wipe and place it in the appropriate tube.
Step 5: Measure the sample area. Measure the area sampled.
Step 6: Record sample area on forms. Record measurement on sample collection form
and chain-of-custody form.
Step 7: Clean up. Sampling materials must be cleaned or removed from the site because
they may be contaminated.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-14
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-15
Step 1: Put on Disposable Shoe
Covers and Lay Out the Sample Area
Put on shoe covers.
Outline sample area with tape or a template.
Templates should be durable material.
- Floor sample is generally 12" x 12"
- Make sure you clean the template with a new wipe.
Tape can also be used to outline the sample area.
Lay out tape squarely so you can accurately measure
the sample area later.
Do NOT touch area inside the sample area.
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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Step 1: Put on Disposable Shoe Covers and Lay Out the Sample Area
The following describes how to lay out the sample area using a template. Whenever
possible, use a template to avoid measurement errors. (*Make sure you clean the
template before following sampling protocol.)
The templates will vary in their dimensions:
The floor template should have a 144-square inch or 1-square foot opening (12 inches
= 1 foot) or an alternative area that has accurately known dimensions. A square foot is
the basic measurement used by EPA-recommended guidance for lead dust clearance
testing.
The interior windowsill or window trough template should have an opening of at least
16 square inches (approximately 2" x 8"). Interior sills can vary in width.
Tape the template to the appropriate surface (floor, interior sill, or interior trough) using
masking or painter's tape. Be careful to avoid placing your hands in the sample area,
as this might remove or add lead dust and give you a misleading result.
If using tape, ensure that the tape is laid out squarely so that an accurate area can be
determined for the sample size. It is very difficult to measure the area if the tape is not
laid out in a square or rectangle.
Do not touch or otherwise disturb the area inside the measured sample area. This could
remove or add lead dust and give you a misleading result. (You will measure the exact area
of the sample area after collecting the dust sample.)
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-15
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-16
Taping Template to Floor
£L PDA
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Here is an example of how the sampling area is laid out when you have a template. Note
how it is taped to the floor.
*Be sure to clean reusable templates. Tape corners at 45 degree angle away from the
corner.
*Be sure not to touch the inside of the sample area.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-16
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-17
Outlining Sample Area with Tape
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Here is an example of using tape to outline the sample area on a floor when a template is
not available. Make sure that the tape is laid at right angle to ensure a that the area
outlined as close to a perfect square as possible. Doing so will make measure the area of
the sample much easier and more accurate.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-18
Taping Window Sill
£L PDA
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
If a template for a sill or trough is not available, lay out the sampling area with painter's
tape. Place tape perpendicular to the edge of the sill or trough. The sample area will be
calculated after taking the sample to avoid contaminating the area.
If the sill or trough is not taped, the width of the sample area varies from front-to-back when
the ends of the sill or trough are not parallel straight lines, so the area of the sample will be
difficult to determine.
Make sure the area you are sampling is at least 16 square inches. Try to sample at least 8"
of sill width.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-18
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-19
Step 2: Prepare the Tubes
Use clean, hard-sided tubes.
Make sure tube is labeled with an ID
number.
Record ID number on sample collection
form and chain-of-custody form.
Partially unscrew tube cap.
Place tube near sample area.
PP/V Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 2013
Step 2: Prepare the Tubes
Tubes must be prepared so that they are properly labeled and are accessible to you when
you are ready to put your samples in them.
Label each tube with an identification number.
Record the identification number on the sample collection form and chain-of-custody
form.
Partially unscrew the cap on the tube to be sure you can open it easily.
Place the tube near the area you plan to sample. This avoids possible contamination
of the wipe and loss of sampled dust between the time you collect the sample and
place it in the tube.
Organizing tubes in a portable test tube rack may be helpful.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-19
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-20
Step 3: Put on Clean Gloves
Use disposable gloves.
Use new gloves for each sample.
After putting on the gloves, do NOT
touch anything else before you pick up
the wipe.
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Step 3: Put on Clean Gloves
Wearing clean gloves avoids transferring lead dust from your hands to the wipe.
Use disposable gloves.
Use new gloves for each sample collected.
Do not put on the gloves until you are ready to take the sample. You can contaminate
the gloves if you touch other surfaces, such as when measuring the sample area.
After putting on the gloves, do NOT touch anything else before you pick up the wipe.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-20
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Step 4: Wipe Sample Areas
The procedures for taking dust wipe samples
from floors, windowsills, and troughs are listed
on the following slides.
The procedure for sampling floors is different
than the procedure for sampling windowsills and
troughs.
Step 4 of lead dust wipe sampling is also
described in the Lead Dust Sampling
Technician Field Guide.
3-21
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-21
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Step 4: Wipe Sample Area - Floors
Do not touch other objects. They can contaminate the
wipe.
Press the wipe down firmly (with fingers, not the palm
of the hand) at an upper corner of the sample area.
Make as many "S" like motions as needed to wipe the
entire sample area, moving from side to side. Do not
cross the outer border of the tape or template.
Fold the wipe in half, keeping the dirty side in, and
repeat the wiping procedure ("S" like motion). Folding
wipe carefully helps to prevent the loss of any collected
dust.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician j
June 2013
Step 4: Sampling Procedure for Floors
Do not touch other objects. They can contaminate the wipe.
Press the wipe down firmly (with fingers, not the palm of the hand) at an upper corner
of the sample area.
Make as many "S"-like motions as needed to wipe the entire sample area, moving
from side to side. Do not cross the outer border of the tape or template.
Fold the wipe in half, keeping the dirty side in, and repeat the wiping procedure ("S"
motion). This helps to prevent the loss of any collected dust.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-22
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Step 4: Wipe Sample Area - Floors
(cont.)
Fold the wipe in half again, keeping all the dust in
the wipe, and repeat the wiping procedure one
more time, concentrating on collecting dust from
the corners within the selected surface area.
Wipes are folded to keep the collected dust within
the wipe, avoid dust losses, and to expose a
clean wipe surface for further collection.
3-23
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Step 4: Sampling Procedure for Floors
Fold the wipe in half again, keeping all the dust in the wipe, and repeat the wiping
procedure one more time, concentrating on collecting dust from the corners within the
selected surface area.
Wipes are folded to keep the collected dust within the wipe, avoid dust losses, and to
expose a clean wipe surface for further collection.
Students should refer to Attachment 3-A: Sample Collection Form and Attachment 3-B:
Completed Sample Collection Form. A checklist of the key steps involved in taking a dust
sample can be found in Attachment 3-D: Lead Dust Wipe Checklist and the Lead Dust
Sampling Technician Field Guide.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-23
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Chapter 3: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-24
Step 4: Wipe Sample Area - Floors
(cont.)
Fold the wipe again with the sample side
folded in, and place the folded wipe into
the sample tube. Avoid contact with
other surfaces.
Cap the container. Discard the gloves
into a trash bag.
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Step 4: Sampling Procedure for Floors
Fold the wipe again with the sample side folded in, and place the folded wipe into the
sample tube. Avoid contact with other surfaces. Wipes should be stored only in their
original container or in the tube. Do not use plastic bags or other items to hold wipes.
Blank wipes should also be used. Blanks should be assigned sample numbers and
locations so that the laboratory does not know they are blanks. Only your copy of the
sample collection form should identify which samples are blanks
Cap the container. Discard the gloves into a trash bag.
Students should refer to Attachment 3-A: Sample Collection Form and Attachment 3-B:
Completed Sample Collection Form. A checklist of the key steps involved in taking a dust
sample can be found in Attachment 3-D: Lead Dust Wipe Checklist and the Lead Dust
Sampling Technician Field Guide.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Floor Sampling
£L PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 2013
3-25
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-25
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Floor Sampling
3-26
£L PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 2013
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-26
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Floor Sampling
3-27
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June 2013
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-28
Step 4: Wipe Sample Area -
Windowsills and Troughs
Sampling interior windowsills and troughs
- Hold fingers together and flat against surface.
- Wipe surface in a single pass while applying
constant pressure.
- Fold wipe in half with wiped side in and wipe
in both directions.
- Fold wipe in half again with wiped side in and
concentrate on corners and edges.
- Place the folded wipe in the tube.
£L PP/V
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 20 1 3
Special Considerations for Interior Windowsills and Troughs
Window troughs may contain pre-existing dust lead hazards. If possible, LDSTs should
discuss the window trough sampling requirements with the certified renovator before the
renovation begins. If the windows in the work area remain closed and covered with plastic
during the renovation, window trough sampling will not be necessary.
Sampling Procedure for Windowsills and Troughs:
Holding the fingers together and flat against the selected surface area, wipe the
measured surface in one direction in a single pass. Apply pressure to the fingers
while wiping the surface. This will avoid overloading the wipe on the first pass.
Fold the wipe in half with the sample side folded in, and repeat the preceding wiping
procedure in both directions within the selected surface area on one side of the
folded wipe.
Fold the wipe in half with the sample side folded in, and repeat the preceding wiping
procedure one more time, concentrating on collecting settled dust from the corners
within the selected surface area.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-28
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-29
Step 4: Wipe Sample Area -
Windowsills and Troughs - (cont.)
Sampling interior windowsills and troughs
- Cap the tube
- Label the tube properly.
- Measure and record the dimensions of the
selected sampling area. Discard the gloves
into a trash bag then close the bag.
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
Special Considerations for Interior Windowsills and Troughs
Sampling Procedure for Windowsills and Troughs:
Fold the wipe again with the sample side folded in, and insert the folded wipe into
the tube and cap it.
Label the tube with sufficient information to uniquely identify the sample.
Measure and record the dimensions of the selected sampling area (the area actually
wiped during sample collection). Discard the gloves into a trash bag.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-29
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Sampling a Windowsill
G PP/V Lead Dust Sampling Technician
^ClJTA ->rvi->
June 2013
3-30
Note how the lead dust sampling technician is holding the wipe and moving across the
windowsill.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-30
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-31
Sampling a Window Trough
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
Here is an example of how to sample a window trough. The trough is not taped because its
area is less than 16 inches, so sample the entire trough and determine its area. Measure
carefully and down to 1/8 of an inch. Make sure the window trough has been adequately
cleaned before sampling.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-31
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Step 5: Measure the Sample Area
Measure width and length (unless template was
used). Area must be at least 16 square inches (2
inches by 8 inches). Measure to 1/8 inch.
Measure exact area after sample is taken.
- Length of sill or trough between inside edges of
tape
- Tape across width of sill or trough (front to
back)
Do not remove tape until after measurements are
taken.
3-32
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
Step 5: Measure the Sample Area
If a template was used, record the dimensions of the template on the lab collection form. If
a template was not used, you must measure the sample area.
Measure the exact length and width of the sample area with a tape measure after the
dust sample has been taken. This allows you to get an accurate measurement
without contaminating the sample area.
Make sure you measure the area inside the tape, not the outside border.
Always measure to an eighth of an inch (1/8"). Sloppy measurement can produce
inaccurate results.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-32
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-33
Measuring Window Sill
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
When the wiping is done, measure the area wiped, unless you used a template and know
the dimensions already. Measure the length and width of the area wiped.
Note: The ruler does not have additional space between where the measurements begin
and the edge of the ruler.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-33
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Chapter 3: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-34
Step 6: Record Sample Area on
Forms
Record measurement on sample collection form and
lab chain-of-custody form.
Calculate area outlined by the tape and record on the
sample collection form and lab chain-of-custody form.
In some cases, conversion from inches to feet will be
necessary. To make these calculations easier,
measurements should always be converted from
fractions to decimals (e.g., 0.5 rather than 1/2).
Check with analytical laboratory for additional
recording requirements.
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
See Attachment 3-A: Sample Collection Form and Attachment 3-B: Completed
Sample Collection Form.
Instructors should pull out Attachment 3-C: Worksheet for Performing Mathematical
Calculations from Fractions to Decimals and review with the class. A few simple
calculations for the class may be very useful.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-34
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Step 7: Clean Up
Clean template with a clean sampling wipe;
place template in a plastic bag for storage.
Remove materials from site:
- Gloves, tape from floors and windows, used shoe
covers
- Put items in plastic bag, NOT in client's containers
Clean clothing and remove shoe covers before
leaving the work area.
Clean face and hands with warm, soapy water
- Use sanitary wipes if no access to warm, soapy water
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
3-35
Step 7: Clean Up
Sampling materials may be contaminated and therefore must be cleaned or removed from
the site.
Clean the template with a clean wipe and place it in a re-sealable plastic bag for
storage. This decontaminates the template between uses and helps avoid
contamination when it is not being used. Throw wipe away in trash bag.
Be sure you have recorded the location and dimensions of the sample area before
removing tape.
Remove gloves, tape, and shoe covers. Throw them away in trash bag.
Clean face and hands with warm, soapy water. (Use sanitary wipes if no access to
warm, soapy water.)
Refer to the Lead Dust Sampling Technician Field Guide and Attachment 3-D: Lead Dust
Wipe Checklist, which summarizes all the steps just described.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-35
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Hands-on Activity: Let's Try It
You are now going to practice taking dust
wipe samples.
Each individual must demonstrate
proficiency.
Follow your instructor's directions for
taking samples.
You can refer to your Field Guide or
Attachment 3-D for a list of key steps.
3-36
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
Activity: Take samples on a variety of surfaces - windowsills, troughs, and floors.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-37
Avoiding Common Mistakes
These common mistakes can give
incorrect results:
- Incorrect measurement
- Contaminated wipe
- Contaminated gloves
- Sample area is disturbed
- Sloppy recording
PP/V Lead Dust Sampling Technician
tliTA n
June 2013
If the lead dust sampling technician makes any of the following common mistakes, the technician
could get incorrect results:
Incorrect measurement. Small mistakes in reading the tape measure can produce misleading
results. Being off by half an inch can make the difference between passing or failing the EPA/HUD
standards for lead in dust.
Wipe is contaminated. It is important that the wipe is clean before you collect the sample and that
you do not lose any dust before putting the wipe in the tube. Common sources of contamination
include the following:
Wipe touches the floor or window before you place it in the tube.
Wipe falls to the floor before wiping and you do not get a new one.
Wiping motions go beyond the template outline or taped area, collecting added dust or debris.
Wipe is placed on the floor or interior sill while unscrewing the tube cap, collecting dust.
Gloves are contaminated. The gloves can contaminate the sample if they are not clean.
Gloves are put on too early and you touch dust on other surfaces.
Gloves are not changed for each sample. Previously used gloves can carry lead dust from the
previous sample.
Sample area is disturbed. Contamination may remove or add lead dust to sample area before you
wipe the area. The lead dust sampling technician should select a new area to sample.
Place hand or tape measure inside sample area before you wipe it.
Place hand inside sample area while taping down template to the floor.
Slide template across sample area as you tape it down.
Use template that has not been cleaned.
Sample area is recorded incorrectly. To avoid errors:
Record measurements for interior sills and troughs immediately after measuring the area.
Review forms before you submit them to double-check measurements.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-37
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-38
Composite Dust Wipe Sampling
In composite sampling, samples are collected
from common components in different rooms and
analyzed as one.
You may receive a request to take a composite
sample during lead dust clearance testing.
Analytical laboratories often have difficulty
processing composite samples. Contact your
laboratory before taking any composite samples.
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
EPA allows composite samples during lead dust clearance testing. You may receive a
request to take a composite sample during lead dust clearance testing. HUD discourages
composite sampling for clearance. Analytical laboratories often have difficulty processing
composite samples. Contact your laboratory before taking any composite samples.
A composite is a sample that holds up to four dust wipes in one container. Each wipe is
called a subsample.
A composite tells you the average amount of lead dust across all the areas you sampled.
This provides a measure of average exposure. Subsamples need to be collected from
areas of equal size for the results to be an average.
In contrast to single wipe samples, composite samples do not define the location of lead
dust, if it exists. Rather, they simply identify that lead dust exists somewhere in the sampled
area.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-38
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-39
Rules for a Composite Sample
Measures average amount of lead dust on several
surfaces (up to 4) of the same type.
- Sample container holds up to 4 dust wipes
- Do not use more than 4 wipes.
- Do not mix samples from different types of surfaces.
Sample equal areas with each wipe, and use
templates where possible.
Interior sills or troughs: use smallest sill or trough
to set area
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
Make sure the areas sampled for each of the subsamples are the same size. If you include
wipes that collected dust from areas with varying sizes, you will not get an accurate reading
of the average levels. This should not be a problem if templates are used.
Floors. Use a 12" x 12" sample area. Use a template or tape outline.
Interior windowsills and window troughs. Identify the smallest interior windowsill
and/or trough you plan to sample. Measure the length and width after you lay down
the template or tape and take the dust sample. Use these measurements to outline
the same sample area for all of the other interior sills and/or troughs. This will
guarantee that all the interior sills or troughs sampled are the same size.
Do not combine subsamples across units. A composite sample can only include dust wipes
from a single unit. Do not use more than four wipes in a composite sample. It is difficult for
labs to analyze composites holding more than four wipes. Check that your lab has
experience analyzing composite wipes.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-39
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-40
Composite Sampling Procedures
Outline all areas to wipe for composite before
collecting sample.
Use a new wipe for each subsample.
Follow single wipe sampling procedures.
Use a separate chain of custody form for each
composite sample.
It is not necessary to change gloves between
subsamples.
£L PP/V
^ClJTA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
->rvi->
June 20 1 3
Whenever possible, use a template when collecting composite samples. If a
template is not available, outline the areas you plan to wipe before collecting the
subsamples. Remember that the sample size must be the same for all subsamples
included in a composite sample.
Use a separate wipe for each subsample area wiped.
Follow the single-wipe sampling procedures.
You can use one set of gloves for all subsamples in the composite. However, if your
glove touches an area outside the sample area, put on a new one.
After wiping each subsample area, carefully place the wipe into the tube.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-40
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Chapters: Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
3-41
Proper Hygiene After Completing
Sampling Job
Hand washing
Face washing
Check your clothing and shoes
(especially soles) before leaving
work site
£L PP/V Lead Dust Sampling Technician
^ClJTA ->rvi->
June 2013
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
3-41
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Attachment 3-A: Sample Collection Form
Field Dust Wipe Sampling Form
Name of Sampling Technician:
Name of Property Owner:
Property Address:
Apt. #:
Sample
Number
Room and Location
(name of room used by owner)
Surface
Type*
(circle one)
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
Dimensions
of Sample
Area
(in x in)
Area
(ft2)
* Surface types FL = Floor; WS = Windowsill; WT = Window Trough
Total number of samples on this page:
3-42
Attachments
-------
Attachment 3-B: Completed Sample Collection Form
Field Dust Wipe Sampling Form
Name of Sampling Technician: Jane White
Name of Property Owner: Smith Family
Property Address: 78 East Main St., Hammond, IN 89898
Apt. #: 25
Sample
Number
98-1
98-2
98-3
98-4
98-5
98-6
Room and Location
(name of room used by owner)
Upstairs Ig bedroom - near
doorway
Upstairs Ig bedroom - selected
window in room on west side of
room
Upstairs sm bedroom - in center
of room
Upstairs sm bedroom - only
window in room
Kitchen - near stove
Kitchen - above sink
Surface
Type*
(circle one)
FLWSWT
FLWSWT
FLWSWT
FLWSWT
FLWSWT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
FL WS WT
Dimensions of
Sample Area
(in x in)
11%" x 12V
231 V x 27/8"
n'V'xnV
24V x 3V4"
H3/4" x 11 V
239/16" x 3"
Area
(ft2)
.979
.478
1.025
.544
.928
.491
* Surface types FL = Floor; WS = Windowsill; WT = Window Trough
Total number of samples on this page: 6_
3-43
Attachments
-------
Attachment 3-C: Worksheet for Performing Mathematical Calculations
from Fractions to Decimals
When recording the sample area on the dust wipe collection form, you may need to perform one
or both of the following conversions: converting fractions to decimals and converting inches to
square feet. To facilitate the mathematical calculations, fractions should always be converted to
decimals first. Refer to the following Table of Common Conversions for assistance.
1. Converting Fractions to Decimals: Table of Common Conversions
Fraction
1/8
2/8
3/8
4/8
5/8
6/8
7/8
Decimal
0.125
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
Fraction
1/4
2/4
3/4
1/3
2/3
1/2
Decimal
0.250
0.500
0.750
0.333
0.667
0.500
2. Converting inches to square feet (ft2)
If the area you sampled was not a square foot, you will need to convert it to this dimension. One
foot equals 12 inches, and 1 square foot equals 144 square inches.
* Record the sample area in inches (in) as opposed to feet (ft).
* Convert the sample area to square inches (in2). Round the number to a maximum of three
decimal places.
* Divide the square inches by 144 to get square feet (ft2). Round the number to a maximum
of three decimal places.
Dimensions of sample area in inches (in)
Multiply length times width to calculate the area in
square inches (in2)
Divide the area in square inches (in2) by 144 to
calculate the area in square feet (ft2)
Length: in Width: in
in x in = in2
in2 -144 = ft2
3. Example: Convert an area with length of 20 !/> inches and a width of 5 % inches to
square feet.
* Convert fractions to decimals: 20 !/> in > 20.500 in 5 % in > 5.250 in
* Calculate the area in square inches: 20.500 in x 5.250 in = 107.625 in2
* Calculate the area in square feet: 107.625 in2 - 144 = 0.747 ft2
3-44
Attachments
-------
Attachment 3-D: EPA Lead Dust Wipe Checklist
These are the steps involved in taking a lead dust wipe sample. When you are collecting dust
samples, you should follow each of these steps. Note: The procedure for sampling floors is
different than the procedure for sampling windowsills and troughs.
Step
1.
2.
3.
4.
4a.
4b.
4c.
4d.
5.
Criteria
Put on disposable shoe covers and lay out the sample area
Clean the template and properly dispose of wipe
Tape down template; or lay out sample area using tape
Prepare the tubes
Label tube with identification number
Record identification number on sample collection and chain-of-custody forms
Partially unscrew cap of tube and place tube near the area planned for sampling
Put on clean gloves
Wipe sample area and place wipe in centrifuge tube
First swipe (floors):
Press wipe down firmly
Make overlapping "S"-like motions on the sample surface while moving side-to-
side
Do not cross outer boundary tape or template
Second swipe (floors):
Fold wipe in half, keeping dust inside, and press wipe down firmly
Make top-to-bottom overlapping "S"-like motions
Do not cross outer boundary tape or template
Third swipe (floors):
Fold wipe in half, keeping dust inside, and press wipe down firmly
Repeat the wiping procedure one more time (focusing in on corners)
Do not cross outer boundary tape or template
Fold wipe again, keeping all dust inside wipe
Place wipe in sample container tube
Windowsills and troughs (side-to-side)
Hold fingers together, wipe surface in one direction, and press wipe down firmly
Fold wipe in half and repeat wiping procedure, using a reverse direction
Fold wipe in half again and repeat wiping procedure concentrating on corners
Fold wipe in again and insert into a rigid-walled container
Label the rigid-walled container to identify sample
Measure the sample area
Measure the area inside the tape, not the outside border
V
3-45
Attachments
-------
6.
7.
Measure to V8 inch
Record sample area
Calculate sample area
Record measurements on the sample collection form
Fill in chain-of-custody form
Clean up
Clean template with new wipe, place template in a plastic bag for storage, and then
discard wipe
Put gloves, used shoe covers, and tape from floors and windows into trash bags
Check your clothing and shoes (especially soles) before leaving work site
Wash your face and hands with warm, soapy water or sanitary wipe
3-46
Attachments
-------
Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory
-------
Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
Chapter 4
Selecting a Laboratory
and Interpreting Results
PPA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
CljTA inn
June 2013
4-1
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-1
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
Objectives
Select an EPA-recognized lab
Maintain a chain of custody
Review and interpret lab results
ij PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
V^CriTA onn
June 2013
After performing lead dust wipe sampling, you will need to submit the samples to a
laboratory for analysis and interpret the laboratory results to determine the levels of
lead dust in a unit. This chapter describes the steps you will need to take.
At the end of this chapter, you will be able to do the following:
Select an EPA-recognized laboratory and explain why proper selection is
important
List the important steps to ensure samples are not tampered with or lost,
maintaining a chain of custody
Review and interpret the laboratory results
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-2
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
Selecting a Laboratory
Submit samples to a lab recognized by EPA's
National Lead Laboratory Accreditation
Program (NLLAP)
To locate a lab
- Call the National Lead Information Center (NLIC) at
1-800-424-LEAD
- Visit the EPA Web site at
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nllap.htm
See the fact sheet "Selecting a Lead
Laboratory" at the end of this chapter.
ij PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
V^CriTA onn
June 2013
All samples must be submitted to a laboratory recognized by the EPA's National
Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP) to be proficient in lead in dust
analysis.
The NLLAP provides the public with a list of recognized laboratories for
analyzing lead in dust samples. You can contact the National Lead
Information Center (NLIC) Clearinghouse at 1-800-424-LEAD, or visit the EPA
Web site atwww.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nllap.htm for an up-to-date list of NLLAP-
recognized laboratories. A technical bulletin entitled Selecting a Laboratory for
Lead Analysis: The EPA NLLAP, EPA 747-G-99-002, April 1999, is also on
the EPA Web site.
For a laboratory to become EPA-NLLAP recognized, it must participate in the
Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) Program and
undergo a quality system audit, including an onsite assessment by a
laboratory outside accreditation body participating in the NLLAP, such as the
American Industrial Hygiene Association.
It is important to recognize that not every recognized laboratory will meet your
needs. Taking the time to select a good laboratory will save you time and effort in
the long run. Knowing the costs associated with laboratory supplies and the
analysis will also help you calculate the fees you will charge customers. Even if
your company has selected a laboratory for you to work with, it is a good idea to
ask a few simple, straightforward questions so you can find out whether the
laboratory meets some basic quality criteria.
See Attachment 4-A: Questions to Ask Laboratory
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-3
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
4-4
Questions To Ask Laboratories
Tell the lab you will be collecting dust wipe
samples for lead.
Ask:
- Is the laboratory recognized to analyze for lead in
dust by NLLAP?
- Will sampling materials be provided?
- What is the turnaround time for analysis?
- Can the laboratory analyze composite samples? (If
the client wants composite samples)
- What is the cost per sample?
G PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
XX CriTA . . A. _
June 2013
!|
*
Review Attachment 4-A: Questions To Ask Laboratory.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-4
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
4-5
Quality Control in the Field
Submit blank wipe samples.
Duplicate, or side by side sampling can
be used to check lab consistency.
Review all of your sample collection
and chain-of-custody forms.
Carefully review all lab results.
Q PP/V Lead Dust Sampling Technician
X/QjTA -IAI~>
June 2013
Lead dust clearance testing and analysis require a great deal of care and precision
by both you and the laboratory. Follow the steps above to help control the quality of
the lab results. Each step is discussed in further detail on the following slides.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-5
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
Review Your Sample Collection Form
Confirm all information is recorded clearly
and correctly.
-Sample numbers
- Sample locations
- Sample dimensions
Keep a copy for your records and note
blanks.
PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
CriTA onn
June 2013
In Chapter 3, we described how to record sample information on the sample
collection form clearly and accurately. Before you send the samples to the
laboratory, you should check your sample collection form to confirm that all of the
following information is recorded clearly and correctly.
Sample numbers - Samples should be numbered sequentially, in the order
you took them. (This information must be included accurately on the
laboratory chain-of-custody form.)
Sample locations - These should be precise. For example, "left window on
back wall in master bedroom" is better than "bedroom window."
Sample dimensions for dust wipe samples - As discussed in Chapter 3,
these dimensions are extremely important and should be recorded to the
nearest 1/8 of an inch.
After completing the form, it is essential that you keep a copy for your records and
to note the ID numbers of your blank samples.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-6
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
Chain of Custody
A record of each person who handles the sample
from the time it is collected until it is sent to the lab.
The lead dust sampling technician is responsible
for maintaining chain of custody until he or she
transfers custody of the samples.
Include information on sampling form
A sample Chain of Custody form is shown on the
next page, and as an attachment to this chapter.
ij PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
V^CriTA onn
June 2013
It is important that samples are not lost before or during the analysis process. To trace
the path of the sample, you should establish a "chain of custody." This simply means that
every person who handles the sample must sign and date a form.
Who is in the chain of custody? People in the chain of custody may include:
Lead dust sampling technician
Technician's supervisor
Person packing the samples for shipment
Person picking up and shipping the samples
Person receiving the shipment at the laboratory
Maintaining the chain of custody - Ensure that the chain of custody is maintained from
when you take the samples until you transfer custody of the samples.
Space for documenting the chain of custody may be included as part of the sample
collection form or you may use a separate form. There should be enough space for
each individual handling the sample to sign and date the form - 5 to 7 lines should
be sufficient.
You should also keep a copy of any shipping or mailing forms documenting when
the samples were sent to the laboratory.
You should send the package with delivery confirmation and return receipt
requested, or the equivalent shipping record.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-7
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
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Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-8
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
Evaluating Laboratory Results for
Single Samples
Check for appropriate units (uxg/ft2)
Compare results to the EPA/HUD
clearance standards for lead dust:
- Floors < 40 |jg/ft2 passes
- Sills < 250 |jg/ft2 passes
-Troughs < 400 ug/ft2 passes
ij PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
V^CriTA onn
June 2013
When you receive the results from the laboratory, you must interpret them to
determine whether they pass or fail clearance. This section describes dust lead
hazards and the process used to evaluate the sample results. Specifically, you will
need to evaluate the laboratory results, converting them if necessary, and
comparing them to the Federal or State standards.
To evaluate the laboratory results, you may need to take the steps listed below.
These steps should be implemented as follows:
Step 1: Check the units. If results are not reported in ug/ft2, use the conversion
table (see Attachment 4-C: Worksheet for Performing Mathematical
Conversions for Dust Samples).
Step 2: Compare the results to the EPA clearance standard for lead dust.
Once you have made the necessary conversion, you can compare the laboratory
results to the appropriate EPA clearance standard for lead dust. EPA clearance
standards have been developed for lead dust on floors, interior windowsills, and
window troughs. It is important to recognize that the levels for lead dust are
different for each of these three surfaces. If test results equal or exceed the
standards, the unit, worksite, or common area represented by the sample fails the
dust clearance test.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-9
-------
Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
4-10
Activity: Interpreting Laboratory
Results
Turn to Attachment 4-D
Answer the questions.
Be prepared to explain your answers.
O PPA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
XCljTA inn
June 2013
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-10
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Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
4-11
Evaluating Laboratory Results for
Composite Samples
Location 2 Subsamples 3 Subsamples 4 Subsamples
Floors
Sills
Troughs
40 [jg/ft2
250 |jg/ft2
400 |jg/ft2
27 |jg/ft2
167|jg/ft2
267 |jg/ft2
20 |jg/ft2
125|jg/ft2
200 |jg/ft2
,J*J"T»V
O PPA Lead Dust Sampling Technician / ||l|j|| \
'CrM June 20 13 <>
Composite samples determine the average of the dust lead levels on the surfaces
that make up the composite.
To minimize the chance that any individual surface included in the composite does
not fail clearance, composite samples that contain more than two subsamples are
compared to more stringent standards than are single-surface samples.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-11
-------
Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
4-12
Avoiding Common Mistakes
Mistaking weight (mass) for surface
loading by using incorrect units (jag for
Not submitting blank samples
-Labeling or recording in the sample
log blank samples as blanks
Not maintaining a chain of custody
ij PDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
V^CriTA onn
June 2013
Listed above are some common mistakes you might make while performing any of
the activities listed on the previous slide.
Mistaking the units. One common mistake is not understanding the units of
measurement provided in the lab report. When the results come from the
laboratory, check whether they are provided in ug or ug/ft2. If they are in ug, you
must convert them to ug/ft2 before recording them on your report and
interpreting results. Discuss with your laboratory how results are reported.
Failing to submit blank samples. Another common mistake is not submitting
blank samples. Without this mechanism, you have no way of verifying if the
laboratory results were uncontaminated, or that you used good sampling
techniques. Submit one blank sample for every unit sampled.
Failing to maintain the chain of custody. This is your only mechanism to
track the handling of the sample. The chain-of-custody form must be
maintained from the time you take the dust wipe sample until you transfer
custody. Re-sampling is recommended if this document is not maintained.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-12
-------
Chapter 4: Selecting a Laboratory and Interpreting Results
4-13
Summary
Select an EPA-recognized lab.
-Call 1-800-424-LEAD
- Visit www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nllap.htm
- Ensure that the lab is EPA-recognized
for the analysis of lead in dust.
Maintain a chain of custody.
Interpret lab results.
Q PP/V Lead Dust Sampling Technician
X/QjTA -IAI~>
June 2013
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
4-13
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Attachment 4-A: Questions to Ask Laboratory
Is the laboratory recognized
by NLLAP?
All samples must be analyzed by an NLLAP laboratory. You can
contact the NLIC Clearinghouse at 1-800-424-LEAD for an up-to-date
list of NLLAP-recognized laboratories. Even after selecting a laboratory,
you should check the laboratory's accreditation every 6 months.
What is the turnaround
time for sample analysis?
The laboratory turnaround time is an important factor; labs usually
provide results within 1 to 3 days. A faster turnaround time allows you to
be more responsive to your client but may cost more money.
What is the cost per sample?
Prices can vary depending on how quickly you want the results. A 6-
hour turnaround will cost more than samples analyzed over a few days.
Will the laboratory provide
sampling materials?
Some laboratories will provide you with the materials necessary to
perform sampling. You may want to select a laboratory that provides
these materials because laboratory-supplied materials and forms can help
minimize potential errors in the analysis and recordkeeping.
Can the laboratory analyze
composite samples?
It is good practice to check in advance the laboratory's capabilities in
analyzing composite samples, if your client wants you to collect
composite samples. Some laboratories do not offer this service.
Does the laboratory perform
all the necessary
mathematical calculations?
The Federal guidance is provided in (ig/ft2. Depending on the size of the
sample or sample area, some mathematical calculations may need to be
performed to convert the sample area to 1 square foot. Selecting a
laboratory that will perform this calculation for you can reduce the
possibility of mathematical errors.
4-14
Attachments
-------
Blank Chain of Custody Form
4-15 Attachments
-------
Project Name
Submitting Co.
Special Instructions [include requests for special reporting or data packages]
Project Location :
Project Number:
Purchase Order No.:
Turn Around Time
] Same day*
] 1 business day*
] 2 business days*
] 3 business days*
[ ] STANDARD (5 bus. days)
] Standard Full TCLP(10d)
] Weekend*
I
* not available tor all tests
Schedule rush organics, multi-
metals & weekend tests in advance.
Sample #
Date
Sampled
STATE WHERE SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED
Matrix / Sample Type (Select ONE) Tests / Analytes (Select ALL that Apply)
All samples on form should be of SAME j Asbestos Air / Fiber Counts Asbestos Bulk /Asb ID
matrix type . Use additional forms as needed. [] PCM (NIOSH 7400) [] PLM (EPA 600, 1982)
[ ]Air [] Solid ]TEM(AHERA) [] PLM (EPA Point Count)
] Aqueous [] Waste [] TEM (EPA Level II) [] PLM (Qualitative only)
[]Bulk [ ]Wastewater [] [ ] NYELAP 198.1/.4/.6
] Hi-Vol Filter (PM10) [ ] Water.Drinking Miscellaneous Tests [] CAELAP (EPA Interim)
] Hi-Vol Filter (TSP) [] Compliance [] Total Dust (NIOSH 0500) [ ] TEM (Chatfield)
[Oil [ [Wipe [ IResp. Dust (NIOSH 0600) [ ]
] Paint
] Sludge
]Soil
[ ] Wipe, Composite [ ] Sil
[] MSil
1 1 [ 1
ca - FTIR (NIOSH 7602) FOR ASBESTOS AIR:
ca - XRD (NIOSH 7500) TYPE OF RESPIRATOR
USED:
Metals-Total Cone.
]Lead
] RCRA Metals
1
1
Metals-Extract
] TCLP / Lead
] TCLP /RCRA Metals
] TCLP/ Full (w/ organics)
1
1
Organics Wipes Information for Air Samples Organics
Time
Sampled
Sample Identification
(e.g. Employee, SSN, Bldg, Material)
Sample Collection & Custody Information
Sampled by
Relinquished
Received in It
[ ]FX [ ]DHL
Unusual Sample
Wiped
Area (ft2)
Type1
A,B,P,E
Time2
Start
Stop
Flow Rate3
Start
Stop
Total4
AirVol
# con-
tainers
.ab Use-WO*
<\cct#
3hone $
-AX#
ORGANICS TESTS and other Analyses
JOTE: All samples for organics should be kept at 4°C
rom collection until testing. Schedule rush analyses in
advance. Indicate preservatives added & media type.
Indicate analysis method for organics tests.
pe: A=area B=blank P=persona E=excursion 2Beginning/End of Sample Period 3Pump Calibration in Liters/Minute "Volume in Liters [time in min *flowinLVrr
[NAME] [SIGNATURE] [DATE/TIME]
to lab by[N/
ib by [NAME
[ ]UPS [
Condition Not
ri
\MEl [SIGNATURE] [DATE/TIME] F 1
1 [SIGNATUREl
]USM [ ]
ed:
HD [ 1DB f 1COURIER
WAYBILL #
DATE/TIME
]
F 1
Sample return re
Ambient temp [
pH 1CI
quested
] Cool °C
F 1RF
Chain-of-Custody documentation continued internally within 1
]S
ab.
-------
Attachment 4-C: Worksheet for Performing Mathematical Conversions for Dust Samples
Unit of Measurement
Inches
Square inches
Feet
Square feet
Symbol
in
in2
ft
ft2
Unit of Weight
Micrograms
Micrograms per square foot
Symbol
US
ng/ft2
1. Convert the sample area to square feet (ft2)
If the area you sampled was not a square foot, you will need to convert it to this dimension.
One foot equals 12 inches, and 1 square foot equals 144 square inches.
Record the sample area in inches (in) as opposed to feet (ft).
Convert the sample area to square inches (in2). If you have a decimal, round the number to
three decimal places.
Divide the square inches by 144 to get square feet (ft2). If you have a decimal, round the
number to three decimal places.
Dimensions of sample area in inches (in)
Multiply length times width to calculate the area
in square inches (in2)
Divide the area in square inches (in2) by 144 to
calculate the area in square feet (ft2)
Length: in Width: in
in x in = in2
in2 -144= ft2
2. Convert the results to micrograms per square foot (ug/ft2)
After you have converted the sample area to square feet, you need to find the amount of lead dust
contained in that area. The micrograms per square foot (|ig/ft2) describe the quantity of lead dust
contained in a 1 square-foot area.
r\
Divide the amount of lead (jig) by the area (ft).
Dimensions of sample area in square feet (ft2)
Quantity of lead in micrograms (jig)
Divide micrograms (jig) by square feet (ft2) to
calculate micrograms per square foot (|ig/ft2)
Area = ft2
Lead = jig
Hg -H ft2 = ng/ft2
4-17
Attachments
-------
Attachment 4-D: Activity Interpreting Laboratory Results
Instructions: The purpose of this activity is to test your ability to verify the results received
from the laboratory, compare these results to the EPA dust clearance standards, and interpret the
results. Using the following excerpt from a lead dust clearance test results form, check the
laboratory's calculation of the weighted lead dust sample.
Sample #
92-1
92-2
92-3
92-4
Location
Upstairs
bedroom
Upstairs
bedroom
Kitchen, front
window
Kitchen, side
window
Surface
Floor
Interior
windowsill
Interior
windowsill
Window
trough
Dimensions
of sample
area (ft2)
1.025
0.478
0.544
0.928
Total lead
Gig)
23
150
260
97
ug/ft2
22.4
71.7
477.9
90.0
1. Check the results (|ig lead/ft2) for each sample. If the results are incorrect, provide the correct
results in (ig lead/ft2.
2. After verifying the laboratory's results, compare these results to the appropriate EPA lead dust
clearance standard. Did the individual samples pass or fail the lead dust clearance test?
EPA Clearance Standards for Lead Dust
Floors: < 40 ug/ft2
Interior windowsills: < 250 ug/ft2
Window troughs: < 400 ug/ft2
92-1: Result
92-2: Result
92-3: Result
92-4: Result
Clearance Standard:
Clearance Standard:
Clearance Standard:
Clearance Standard:
Pass or Fail?
Pass or Fail?
Pass or Fail?
Pass or Fail?
4-18
Attachments
-------
Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the
Report
-------
Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
5-1
Chapter 5
Writing the Report
CDA Lead Dust Sampling Technician
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June 2013
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-1
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Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
Objectives
List the items that make up a complete
lead dust clearance test report.
Make the report easy for the client to
understand.
&EPA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
At the end of the chapter, students will be able to:
List the key contents of a complete lead dust clearance test report
Describe ways to make the report easy to read
Respond appropriately to questions that clients may ask upon receiving their
report
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-2
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Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
Contents of Report - EPA RRP
Cover Page
Summary of Sampling Results
Visual Inspection Results
Laboratory Analytical Results
Renovate Right Pamphlet
- (Appendix B)
SEPA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
m
These are the six elements of the Lead Dust Clearance Test Report.
Blank forms that can be used for the Cover Page, Summary of Sampling Results,
and Visual Inspection Results are provided in Appendix B of this course.
A copy of the Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families,
Child Care Providers and Schools pamphlet is also included in Appendix B.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-3
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Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
Contents of Report - HUD LSHR
Address of property and if multifamily,
specific units and common areas
affected
Date of clearance exam
Name, address and signature of person
performing clearance including
certification number
Visual inspection results
4>EPA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
Because HUD has more extensive visual inspections requirements than does the
EPA rule, HUD requires more information regarding the details of a lead dust
clearance test report.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-4
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Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
Contents of Report - HUD LSHR (Cont.)
Dust sampling results
Name and address of each laboratory that
analyzed samples
Start and completion dates of work performed
Detailed written description of methods used
during work and specific, detailed locations
where work occurred
If soil hazards are corrected, description of
location.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
Because HUD has more extensive visual inspections requirements than does the
EPA rule, HUD requires more information regarding the details of a lead dust
clearance test report.
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-5
-------
Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
Activity: Writing the Report
Refer to Attachment 5-A and 5-B
Review the blank and completed
Lead Dust Clearance reports
SEPA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
m
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-6
-------
Chapter 5: Writing and Delivering the Report
Summary
The items that make up a complete
lead dust clearance test report
How to make a report easy for a
client to understand
SEPA
Lead Dust Sampling Technician
June 2013
m
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Training Course
5-7
-------
Attachment 5-A: Sample Lead Dust Clearance Test Report
The following report is a sample lead dust clearance test report from a small HUD
funded rehabilitation job (less than $5,000/unit) in a unit that involved window
replacements in the small bedroom and kitchen of a single-family home that is
available for rent. The lead dust clearance test report covers lead dust clearance
testing of the worksite.
LEAD DUST CLEARANCE TEST REPORT
General Information
Date of Lead Dust
Clearance Test:
Lead Dust Sampling
Technician:
Property Address:
Client Name and
Address:
Laboratory Name and
Address:
Telephone Number:
NLLAP Number:
8/5/09
Jane White
80 East Main St.
Hammond, IN 89898
Smith Family
80 East Main St.
Hammond, IN 89898
Analysis Services, Inc.
99045*81,811116500
Gary, IN 44444
222-222-2222
IN 999999
Summary of Lead Dust Clearance Test Results
This unit failed the lead dust clearance testing portion of the lead dust sampling
examination. Areas represented by the failed samples should be re-cleaned.
Lead dust above HUD/EPA clearance standards was found in the following areas:
Location
Small bedroom
Small bedroom
Kitchen
Surface
Side facing window
(C- 1 ) windo wsill
Floor
Window above sink
(A-l)~ windo wsill
ug lead/ft2
600
200
525
Signature:
Date:
5-8
Attachment
-------
Summary of Hazard Reduction Activities
Name of Firm
Address of Firm
Supervisor Name
Supervisor Certification Number
Start and Completion Date of
Hazard Reduction or Completion
Activity
ABC Renovations
123 Main Street
East Chicago, IN 12345
John Brown #1634
1634
8/4/09 to 8/5/09
Description of Hazard Reduction Activities and Areas Addressed:
Location
Kitchen
2nd floor small
bedroom
Activity
Replaced A-l window with new, vinyl-clad window
Replaced C-l and C-2 windows with new, vinyl-clad
windows
Description of
work
The supervisor was present on the job site when work was
being performed. Workers used lead-safe work practices.
Plastic sheeting covered a 5-foot area on the ground outside
under the windows being replaced and on the floor inside.
Signs were posted at the doors to the bedroom and kitchen.
Occupants were not allowed in the kitchen and bedroom and
the outside work area during this activity. The window
frame was misted prior to tear-out. After removal, workers
wrapped the old windows in plastic sheeting and picked up
debris on the plastic immediately and bagged it. The plastic
sheeting was carefully gathered up and bagged for disposal.
Workers replaced their disposable booties when leaving the
work area for lunch and breaks. Respirators were not
necessary. The new windows were installed and a clearance
examination was requested.
5-9
Attachment
-------
Part I. VISUAL INSPECTION RESULTS FORM
Date of Lead Dust
Sampling:
Lead Dust Sampling
Technician:
Client:
Property Address:
tlsw
fateTVfate
Swtit& ^amily
%0 StutTKciut St.
»ft*ww««£ IHIWM?
Visual Inspection of the Work Area
Work Area
Deteriorated
Paint
Debris
Visible
Dust
Notes
Pass/
Fail
Sxteiun tout uttde>i
5-10
Attachment
-------
LEAD DUST CLEARANCE TEST RESULTS FORM
Date of Lead Dust
Clearance Test:
Lead Dust Sampling
Technician:
Client:
Property Address:
XISIM
fateTVfate
Smith "^tuftity
%0 S
-------
Exterior
soil
FIRST FLOOR
Kitchen/
DR
1st floor
Bedroom
Hall-
way
X Foyer
Living
Room
X = sample
locations
Large
Bedroom
/
Hall /
X
/
/
Bathroom
Small
Bedroom
X X
SECOND
FLOOR
Window
C-l
Window
C-2
5-12
Attachment
-------
Understanding Your Report
1. The Summary Results section lists all of the areas that failed the lead dust
clearance test. The areas represented by the sample needs to be re-cleaned to
see if the cleaning removed the contaminated dust. Deteriorated painted
surfaces should be repaired using interim controls or abatement techniques.
For written information on how to address lead hazards, call the National Lead
Information Center Clearinghouse at 1-800-424-Lead (1-800-424-5323). You
may consider hiring a risk assessor to evaluate lead hazards in your home and
recommend a lead hazard control plan. Risk assessors can be located through
the Lead listing at 1-888-Leadlist (1-888-532-3547).
2. The laboratory result forms attached to the report list the analyst, all of the areas
sampled inside and outside the building and the laboratory analysis results for
each sample.
3. The lead dust clearance test results are expressed in micrograms per square foot
(fig/ft2); soil samples are expressed in micrograms per gram (fig/g).
4. Areas that failed the lead dust clearance test showed dust lead levels above EPA
clearance standards for lead dust. The guidance that was used during this lead
dust clearance test is as follows:
EPA Clearance Standards for Lead Dust
i~t
Carpeted and uncarpeted floors: < 40 ug/ft
Interior window sill (stool): < 250 fig/ft2
Window trough: < 400 ug/ft2
5-13
Attachment
-------
Appendix A:
Excerpt from EPA Final Renovation,
Repair, and Painting Rule
-------
Appendix A: Excerpt from EPA Final Rule: Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule
To see the entire rule, go to http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/2008/April/Day-
227t8141.pdf. To view updates to the RRP Rule since the 2008 Final Rule, go to
http://www2.epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program-rulestf2011.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 745 [EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-0049; FRL-8355-7] RIN 2070-AC83
Lead; Renovation, Repair, and Painting Program
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: EPA is issuing a final rule under the authority of section 402(c)(3) of the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to address lead-based paint hazards created by
renovation, repair, and painting activities that disturb lead-based paint in target housing
and child-occupied facilities. "Target housing" is defined in TSCA section 401 as any
housing constructed before 1978, except housing for the elderly or persons with
disabilities (unless any child under age 6 resides or is expected to reside in such housing)
or any 0-bedroom dwelling. Under this rule, a child-occupied facility is a building, or a
portion of a building, constructed prior to 1978, visited regularly by the same child, under
6 years of age, on at least two different days within any week (Sunday through Saturday
period), provided that each day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and the combined weekly
visits last at least 6 hours, and the combined annual visits last at least 60 hours. Child-
occupied facilities may be located in public or commercial buildings or in target housing.
This rule establishes requirements for training renovators, other renovation workers, and
dust sampling technicians; for certifying renovators, dust sampling technicians, and
renovation firms; for accrediting providers of renovation and dust sampling technician
training; for renovation work practices; and for recordkeeping. Interested States,
Territories, and Indian Tribes may apply for and receive authorization to administer and
enforce all of the elements of these new renovation requirements.
§ 745.85 Work practice standards.
(c) Optional dust clearance testing. Cleaning verification need not be performed if the
contract between the renovation firm and the person contracting for the renovation or
another Federal, State, Territorial, Tribal, or local law or regulation requires:
(1) The renovation firm to perform dust clearance sampling at the conclusion of a
renovation covered by this subpart.
(2) The dust clearance samples are required to be collected by a certified inspector, risk
assessor or dust sampling technician.
(3) The renovation firm is required to re-clean the work area until the dust clearance
sample results are below the clearance standards in §745.227(e)(8) or any applicable
State, Territorial, Tribal, or local standard.
Appendix A 1
-------
§ 745.90 Renovator certification and dust sampling technician certification.
(a) Renovator certification and dust sampling technician certification. (1) To become a
certified renovator or certified dust sampling technician, an individual must successfully
complete the appropriate course accredited by EPA under § 745.225 or by a State or
Tribal program that is authorized under subpart Q of this part. The course completion
certificate serves as proof of certification. EPA renovator certification allows the certified
individual to perform renovations covered by this section in any State or Indian Tribal
area that does not have a renovation program that is authorized under subpart Q of this
part. EPA dust sampling technician certification allows the certified individual to perform
dust clearance sampling under § 745.85(c) in any State or Indian Tribal area that does not
have a renovation program that is authorized under subpart Q of this part.
(2) Individuals who have successfully completed an accredited abatement worker or
supervisor course, or individuals who have successfully completed an EPA, HUD, or
EPA/HUD model renovation training course may take an accredited refresher renovator
training course in lieu of the initial renovator training course to become a certified
renovator.
(3) Individuals who have successfully completed an accredited lead-based paint inspector
or risk assessor course may take an accredited refresher dust sampling technician course
in lieu of the initial training to become a certified dust sampling technician.
(4) To maintain renovator certification or dust sampling technician certification, an
individual must complete a renovator or dust sampling technician refresher course
accredited by EPA under § 745.225 or by a State or Tribal program that is authorized
under subpart Q of this part within 5 years of the date the individual completed the initial
course described in paragraph (a)(l) of this section. If the individual does not complete a
refresher course within this time, the individual must re-take the initial course to become
certified again.
(b) Renovator responsibilities. Certified renovators are responsible for ensuring
compliance with § 745.85 at all renovations to which they are assigned. A certified
renovator:
(1) Must perform all of the tasks described in § 745.85(b) and must either perform or
direct workers who perform all of the tasks described in § 745.85(a).
(2) Must provide training to workers on the work practices they will be using in
performing their assigned tasks.
(3) Must be physically present at the work site when the signs required by § 745.85(a)(l)
are posted, while the work area containment required by § 745.85(a)(2) is being
established, and while the work area cleaning required by § 745.85(a)(5) is performed.
Appendix A
-------
(4) Must regularly direct work being performed by other individuals to ensure that the
work practices are being followed, including maintaining the integrity of the containment
barriers and ensuring that dust or debris does not spread beyond the work area.
(5) Must be available, either on-site or by telephone, at all times that renovations are
being conducted.
(6) When requested by the party contracting for renovation services, must use an
acceptable test kit to determine whether components to be affected by the renovation
contain lead-based paint.
(7) Must have with them at the work site copies of their initial course completion
certificate and their most recent refresher course completion certificate.
(8) Must prepare the records required by § 745.86(b)(7).
(c) Dust sampling technician responsibilities. When performing optional dust clearance
sampling under § 745.85(c), a certified dust sampling technician:
(1) Must collect dust samples in accordance with § 745.227(e)(8), must send the collected
samples to a laboratory recognized by EPA under TSCA section 405(b), and must
compare the results to the clearance levels in accordance with § 745.227(e)(8).
(2) Must have with them at the work site copies of their initial course completion
certificate and their most recent refresher course completion certificate.
Appendix A
-------
Appendix B:
Renovate Right: Important Lead
Hazard Information for Families,
Child Care Providers, and Schools
-------
n
LEAD WORK AR
POISON
NO SMOKING^
OR EATING
AUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
1-800-424-LEAD (5323)
www.epa.gov/getleadsafe
EPA-740-K-10-001
Revised July 2011
This document may be purchased through the U.S. Cover nmentPrirting.Office online at
http://bookstore.gpo.gov or by phone (toll-free): 1-86b-5U-i»uu.
CAUTION
Important lead hazard information for
families, child care providers and schools.
-------
IT'S THE LAW!
Federal law requires contractors that disturb painted surfaces
in homes, child care facilities and schools, built before 1978 to
be certified and follow specific work practices to prevent lead
contamination. Always ask to see your contractor's certification.
Federal law requires that individuals receive certain information
before renovating more than six square feet of painted surfaces
in a room for interior projects or more than twenty square feet
of painted surfaces for exterior projects or window replacement
or demolition in housing, child care facilities and schools built
before 1978.
Homeowners and tenants: renovators must give you this
pamphlet before starting work.
Child care facilities, including preschools and kindergarten
classrooms, and the families of children under six years of age
that attend those facilities: renovators must provide a copy
of this pamphlet to child care facilities and general renovation
information to families whose children attend those facilities.
-------
WHO SHOULD READ THIS PAMPHLET?
This pamphlet is for you if you:
Reside in a home built before 1978.
Own or operate a child care facility, including preschools and kindergarten
classrooms, built before 1978, or
Have a child under six years of age who attends a child care facility built before 1978.
You will learn:
Basic facts about lead and your health.
How to choose a contractor, if you area property owner.
What tenants, and parents/guardians of a child in a child care facility or school
should consider.
How to prepare for the renovation or repair job.
What to look for during the job and after the job is done.
Where to get more information about lead.
This pamphlet is not for:
Abatement projects. Abatement is a set of activities aimed specifically at
eliminating lead or lead hazards. EPA has regulations for certification and training of
abatement professionals. If your goal is to eliminate lead or lead hazards, contact the
National Lead Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) for more information.
"Do-it-yourself" projects. If you plan to do renovation work yourself, this document
is a good start, butyou will need more information to complete the work safely. Call
the National Lead Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) and askfor more
information on how to work safely
in a home with lead-based paint.
Contractor education. Contractors
who want information about working
safely with lead should contact
the National Lead Information
Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323)
for information about courses and
resources on lead-safe work practices.
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RENOVATING, REPAIRING, OR PAINTING?
LEAD AND YOUR HEALTH
Is your home, your building, or the child care facility
or school your children attend being renovated,
repaired, or painted?
Was your home, your building, or the child care facility
or school where your children under six years of age
attend built before 1978?
If the answer to these questions is YES, there are a
few important things you need to know about
lead-based paint.
This pamphlet provides basic facts about lead and
information about lead safety when work is being
done in your home,your building orthe child care
facility or school your children attend.
The Facts About Lead
Lead can affect children's brains and developing nervous systems, causing reduced
IQ, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. Lead is also harmful to adults.
Lead in dust is the most common way people are exposed to lead. People can also
get lead in their bodies from lead in soil or paint chips. Lead dust is often invisible.
Lead-based paint was used in more than 38 million homes until it was banned for
residential use in 1978.
Projects that disturb painted surfaces can create dust and endanger you and your
family. Don't let this happen to you. Follow the practices described in this pamphlet
to protectyou and yourfamily.
Lead is especially dangerous to children
under six years of age.
Lead can affect children's brains and developing
nervous systems, causing:
Reduced IQand learning disabilities.
Behavior problems.
Even children who appear healthy can have
dangerous levels of lead in their bodies.
Lead is also harmful to adults. In adults, low levels
of lead can pose many dangers, including:
High blood pressure and hypertension.
Pregnant women exposed to lead can transfer lead to their fetuses. Lead gets into
the body when it is swallowed or inhaled.
People, especially children, can swallow lead dust as they eat, play, and do other
normal hand-to-mouth activities.
People may also breathe in lead dust or fumes if they disturb lead-based paint.
People who sand, scrape, burn, brush or blast or otherwise disturb lead-based
paint risk unsafe exposure to lead.
What should I do if I am concerned about my family's exposure to lead?
Call your local health department for advice on reducing and eliminating
exposures to lead inside and outside your home, child care facility or school.
Always use lead-safe work practices when renovation or repair will disturb
painted surfaces.
A blood test is the only way to find out if you or a family member already has lead
poisoning. Call your doctor or local health department to arrange for a blood test.
For more information about the health effects of exposure to lead, visit the EPA lead
website at www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadinfo.htm or call 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
There are other things you can do to protect your family every day.
Regularly clean floors, window sills, and other surfaces.
Wash children's hands, bottles, pacifiers, and toys often.
Make sure children eat a healthy, nutritious diet consistent with the USDA's dietary
guidelines, that helps protect children from the effects of lead.
Wipe off shoes before entering house.
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WHERE DOES THE LEAD COME FROM?
CHECKING YOUR HOME FOR LEAD-BASED PAINT
Dust is the main problem.
The most common way to get lead in the body is from dust. Lead dust comes from
deteriorating lead-based paint and lead-contaminated soil that gets tracked into
your home. This dust may accumulate to unsafe levels. Then, normal hand to-mouth
activities, like playing and eating (especially in young children), move that dust from
surfaces like floors and window sills into the body.
Home renovation creates dust.
Common renovation activities like sanding, cutting,and demolition can create
hazardous lead dust and chips.
Proper work practices protect you from the dust.
The key to protecting yourself and your family during a renovation, repair or painting
job is to use lead-safe work practices such as containing dust inside the workarea,
using dust-minimizing work methods, and conducting a careful cleanup, as described
in this pamphlet.
Other sources of lead.
Remember, lead can also come from outside soil, your water, or household items
(such as lead-glazed pottery and lead crystal). Contact the National Lead Information
Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) for more information on these sources.
Percentage of Homes Likely to Contain Lead
G
O
K
M-l
O
0)
Between
1940-1960
BefoE 1940-
24
} ^ '
Older homes, child care facilities, and schools are more likely to contain
lead-based paint.
Homes may be single-family homes or apartments. They maybe private, government-
assisted, or public housing. Schools are preschools and kindergarten classrooms. They
may be urban, suburban, or rural.
You have the following options:
You may decide to assume your home, child care facility, or school contains lead.
Especially in older homes and buildings, you may simply want to assume lead-based
paint is present and follow the lead-safe work practices described in this brochure
during the renovation, repair, or painting job.
You can hire a certified professional to check for lead-based paint.
These professionals are certified risk assessors or inspectors, and can determine if
your home has lead or lead hazards.
A certified inspector or risk assessor can conduct an inspection telling you whether
your home, or a portion of your home, has lead-based paint and where it is located.
This will tell you the areas in your home where lead-safe work practices are needed.
A certified risk assessor can conduct a risk assessment telling you if your home
currently has any lead hazards from lead in paint, dust, or soil. The risk assessor
can also tell you what actions to take to address any hazards.
For help finding a certified risk assessor or inspector, call the National Lead
Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
You may also have a certified renovator test the surfaces or components being
disturbed for lead using a lead test kit. Test kits must be EPA-recognized and are
available at hardware stores. They include detailed instructions for their use.
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FOR PROPERTY OWNERS
You have the ultimate responsibility for the safety of your family, tenants, or children
in your care.
This means properly preparing forthe renovation and keeping persons out of the work
area (see p. 8). It also means ensuring the contractor uses lead-safe work practices.
Federal law requires that contractors performing renovation, repair and painting projects
that disturb painted surfaces in homes, child care facilities, and schools built before 1978
be certified and follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination.
Make sure your contractor is certified, and can explain clearly the details of the job
and how the contractor will minimize lead hazards during the work.
You can verify that a contractor is certified by checking EPA's website at
epa.gov/getleadsafe or by calling the National Lead Information Center at
1-800-424-LEAD (5323). You can also ask to see a copy of the contractor's
firm certification.
Ask if the contractor is trained to perform lead-safe work practices and to see a
copy of their training certificate.
Ask them what lead-safe methods they will use to set up and perform the job in your
home, child care facility or school.
Ask for references from at least three recent jobs involving homes built before 1978,
and speak to each personally.
Always make sure the contract is clear about how the work will be set up,
performed, and cleaned.
Share the results of any previous lead tests with the contractor.
You should specify in the contract that they follow the work practices described on
pages 9 and 10 of this brochure.
The contract should specify which parts of your home are part of the work area and
specify which lead-safe work practices will be used in those areas. Remember, your
contractor should confine dust and debris to the work area and should minimize
spreading that dustto otherareas of the home.
The contract should also specify that the contractor will clean the work area, verify
that it was cleaned adequately, and re-clean it if necessary.
If you think a worker is not doing what he is supposed to do or is doing something
that is unsafe, you should:
Direct the contractor to comply with regulatory and contract requirements.
Call your local health or building department, or
Call EPA's hotline 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
If your property receives housing assistance from HUD (or a state or local agency that
uses HUD funds), you must follow the requirements of HUD's Lead-Safe Housing Rule
and the ones described in this pamphlet.
FOR TENANTS AND FAMILIES OF CHILDREN UNDER SIX
YEARS OF AGE IN CHILD CARE FACILITIES AND SCHOOLS
You play an important role ensuring the ultimate
safety of your family.
This means properly preparing for the renovation
and staying out of the work area (see p. 8).
Federal law requires that contractors performing
renovation, repair and painting projects that disturb
painted surfaces in homes built before 1978 and in
child care facilities and schools built before 1978, that
a child under sixyears of age visits regularly, to be
certified and follow specific work practices to prevent
lead contamination.
The law requires anyone hired to renovate, repair, or do
painting preparation work on a property built before
1978 to follow the steps described on pages 9 and 10 unless the area where the work
will be done contains no lead-based paint.
If you think a worker is not doing what he is supposed to do or is doing something
that is unsafe, you should:
Contact your landlord.
Call your local health or building department, or
Call EPA's hotline 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
If you are concerned about lead hazards left behind afterthe job is over, you can
check the workyourself (see page 10).
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PREPARING FOR A RENOVATION
DURINGTHEWORK
The work areas should not be accessible to occupants while the work occurs.
The rooms or areas where work is being done may need to be blocked off or sealed
with plastic sheeting to contain any dust that is generated. Therefore, the contained
area may not be available to you until the work in that room or area is complete,
cleaned thoroughly, and the containment has been removed. Because you may not
have access to some areas during the renovation, you should plan accordingly.
You may need:
Alternative bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen arrangements if work is occurring in
those areas of your home.
A safe place for pets because they too can be poisoned by lead and can track lead
dust into other areas of the home.
A separate pathway for the contractor from the work area to the outside in order to
bring materials in and out of the home. Ideally, it should not be through the same
entrance that your family uses.
A place to store your furniture. All furniture and belongings may have to be moved
from the work area while the work is being done. Items that can't be moved, such as
cabinets, should be wrapped in plastic.
To turn off forced-air heating and air conditioning systems while the work is being
done. This prevents dust from spreading through vents from the workarea to the
rest of your home. Consider how this may affect your living arrangements.
You may even want to move out of your home temporarily while all or part of the
work is being done.
Child care facilities and schools may want to consider alternative accommodations
for children and access to necessary facilities.
Federal law requires contractors that are hired to perform renovation, repair and painting
projects in homes, child care facilities, and schools built before 1978 that disturb painted
surfaces to be certified and follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination.
The work practices the contractor must follow include these three simple procedures,
described below:
1. Contain the work area. The area must be contained so that dust and debris do not escape
from that area. Warning signs must be put up and plastic or other impermeable material
and tape must be used as appropriate to:
Cover the floors and any furniture that cannot be moved.
Seal off doors and heating and cooling system vents.
These will help prevent dust or debris from getting outside the workarea.
2. Avoid renovation methods that generate large amounts of lead-contaminated dust.
Some methods generate so much lead-contaminated dust that their use is prohibited.
They a re:
Open flame burning or torching.
Sanding, grinding, planing, needle gunning,
or blasting with power tools and equipment
not equipped with a shroud and HEPA
vacuum attachment.
Using a heat gun at temperatures greater
than1100°F.
There is no way to eliminate dust, but some renovation methods make less dust than others.
Contractors may choose to use various methods to minimize dust generation, including
using water to mist areas before sanding or scraping; scoring paint before separating
components; and prying and pulling apart components instead of breaking them.
3. Clean up thoroughly.The workarea should be cleaned up daily to keep it as clean as
possible. When all the work is done, the area must be cleaned up using special cleaning
methods before taking down any plastic that isolates the workarea from the rest of the
home. The special cleaning methods should include:
Using a HEPA vacuum to clean up dust and debris on all surfaces, followed by
Wet wiping and wet mopping with plenty of rinse water.
When the final cleaning is done, look around. There should be no dust, paint chips, or debris
in the workarea. If you see any dust, paint chips, or debris, the area must be re-cleaned.
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FOR PROPERTY OWNERS: AFTER THE WORK IS DONE
When all the work is finished, you will want to know if your home, child care facility, or
school where children under six attend has been cleaned up properly.
EPA Requires Cleaning Verification.
In addition to using allowable work practices and working in a lead-safe manner,
EPA's RRP rule requires contractors to follow a specific cleaning protocol. The protocol
requires the contractor to use disposable cleaning cloths to wipe the floor and other
surfaces of the workarea and compare these cloths to an EPA-provided cleaning
verification card to determine if the workarea was adequately cleaned. EPA research
has shown that following the use of lead-safe work practices with the cleaning
verification protocol will effectively reduce lead dust hazards.
Lead-Dust Testing.
EPA believes that if you use a certified and trained renovation contractor who follows
the LRRP rule by using lead-safe work practices and the cleaning protocol after the
job is finished, lead-dust hazards will be effectively reduced. If, however, you are
interested in having lead-dust testing done at the completion of your job, outlined
below is some helpful information.
What is a lead-dust test?
Lead-dust tests are wipe samples sent to a laboratory for analysis. You will get a
report specifying the levels of lead found after your specific job.
How and when should I ask my contractor about lead-dust testing?
Contractors are not required by EPA to conduct lead-dust testing. However, if
you want testing, EPA recommends testing be conducted by a lead professional.
To locate a lead professional who will perform an evaluation near you, visit EPA's
websiteatwww.epa.gov/lead/pubs/locate.htm or contact the National Lead
Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
If you decide that you want lead-dust testing, it is a good idea to specify in your
contract, before the start of the job, that a lead-dust test is to be done for your job
and who will do the testing, as well as whether re-cleaning will be required based on
the results of the test.
You may do the testing
yourself. If you choose to
do the testing, some EPA-
recognized lead laboratories
will send you a kit that
allows you to collect samples
and send them back to
the laboratory for analysis.
Contact the National Lead
Information Center for lists
of EPA-recognized testing
laboratories.
10
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
You may need additional information on how to protect yourself and your children
while a job is going on in your home, your building, or child care facility.
The National Lead Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) or
www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm can tell you how to contact your state, local, and/or
tribal programs or get general information about lead poisoning prevention.
State and tribal lead poisoning prevention or environmental protection
can provide information about lead regulations
and potential sources of financial aid for reducing
lead hazards. If your state or local government has
requirements more stringent than those described in
this pamphlet, you must follow those requirements.
Local building code officials can tell you the
regulations that apply to the renovation work that you
are planning.
State, county, and local health departments can
provide information about local programs, including
assistance for lead-poisoned children and advice on
ways to get your home checked for lead.
The National Lead Information Center can also provide jr
a variety of resource materials, including the following
guides to lead-safe work practices. Many of these
materials are also available at
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/brochure.htm.
Steps to Lead Safe Renovation, Repair and Painting.
Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home
Lead in Your Home: A Parent's Reference Guide
programs
For the hearing impaired, call the Federal Information Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339
to access any of the phone numbers in this brochure.
11
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EPA CONTACTS
EPA Regional Offices
EPA addresses residential lead hazards through several different regulations.
EPA requires training and certification for conducting abatement and renovations,
education about hazards associated with renovations, disclosure about known lead
paint and lead hazards in housing, and sets lead-paint hazard standards.
Your Regional EPA Office can provide further information regarding lead safety and
lead protection programsatepa.gov/lead.
Region 1
(Connecticut, Massachusetts,
Maine, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 1
Suite 1100
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02114-2023
(888) 372-7341
Region 2
(New Jersey, New York,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 2
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Building 205, Mail Stop 225
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
(732)321-6671
Region 3
(Delaware, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Washington, DC, West
Virginia)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 3
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA
19103-2029
(215)814-5000
Region 4
(Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 4
61 Forsyth Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8960
(404) 562-9900
Region 5
(Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
(312)886-6003
Region 6
(Arkansas, Louisiana, New
Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue,
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 665-7577
Region 7
(Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,
Nebraska)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 7
901 N. 5th Street
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913)551-7003
Region 8
(Colorado, Montana,
North Dakota, South Dakota,
Utah, Wyoming)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 8
1595 Wynkoop Street
Denver, CO 80202
(303)312-6312
Region 9
(Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Nevada)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415)947-8021
Region 10
(Alaska, Idaho,
Oregon, Washington)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101-1128
(206) 553-1200
12
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
CPSC
The Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC) protects the public
from the unreasonable risk of injury or
death from 15,000 types of consumer
products under the agency's jurisdiction.
CPSC warns the public and private
sectors to reduce exposure to lead and
increase consumer awareness. Contact
CPSC for further information regarding
regulations and consumer product safety.
CPSC
4330 East West Highway
Bethesda.MD 20814
Hotline 1-(800) 638-2772
www.cpsc.gov
CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning
Prevention Branch
The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) assists state and local
childhood lead poisoning prevention
programs to provide a scientific basis
for policy decisions, and to ensure that
health issues are addressed in decisions
about housing and the environment.
Contact CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning
Prevention Program for additional
materials and links on the topic of lead.
CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning
Prevention Branch
4770 Buford Highway, MS F-40
Atlanta, GA 30341
(770) 488-3300
www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead
HUD Office of Healthy Homes and Lead
Hazard Control
The Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) provides funds
to state and local governments to
develop cost-effective ways to reduce
lead-based paint hazards in America's
privately-owned low-income housing. In
addition, the office enforces the rule on
disclosure of known lead paint and lead
hazards in housing, and HUD's lead safety
regulations in HUD-assisted housing,
provides public outreach and technical
assistance, and conducts technical
studies to help protect children and their
families from health and safety hazards
in the home. Contact the HUD Office of
Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control
for information on lead regulations,
outreach efforts, and lead hazard control
research and outreach grant programs.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Office of Healthy Homes and
Lead Hazard Control
451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 8236
Washington, DC 20410-3000
HUD's Lead Regulations Hotline
(202) 402-7698
www.hud.gov/offices/lead/
13
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SAMPLE PRE-RENOVATION FORM
This sample form may be used by renovation firms to document compliance with the Federal
pre-renovation education and renovation, repair, and painting regulations.
Occupant Confirmation
Pamphlet Receipt
QI have received a copy of the lead hazard information pamphlet informing me of the
potential risk of the lead hazard exposure from renovation activity to be performed in my
dwelling unit. I received this pamphlet before the work began.
Printed Name of Owner-occupant
Signature of Owner-occupant
Signature Date
Renovator's Self Certification Option (for tenant-occupied dwellings only)
Instructions to Renovator: If the lead hazard information pamphlet was delivered but a tenant
signature was not obtainable, you may check the appropriate box below.
Q Declined - I certify that I have made a good faith effort to deliver the lead hazard
information pamphlet to the rental dwelling unit listed below at the date and time indicated
and that the occupant declined to sign the confirmation of receipt. I further certify that I
have left a copy of the pamphlet at the unit with the occupant.
Q Unavailable for Signature -1 certify that I have made a good faith effort to deliver the lead
hazard information pamphlet to the rental dwelling unit listed below and that the occupant
was unavailable to sign the confirmation of receipt. I further certify that I have left a copy of
the pamphlet at the unit by sliding it under the door or by (fill in how pamphlet was left).
Printed Name of Person Certifying Delivery Attempted Delivery Date
Signature of Person Certifying Lead Pamphlet Delivery
Unit Address
Note Regarding Mailing Option As an alternative to delivery in person,you may mail the
lead hazard information pamphlet to the owner and/or tenant. Pamphlet must be mailed at
least seven days before renovation. Mailing must be documented by a certificate of mailing
from the post office.
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Appendix C:
Lead Dust Sampling Technician Field
Guide
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What Is the Field Guide?
This guide will help determine that a recently-renovated area has
been cleaned sufficiently. The Lead Dust Sampling Technician
Field Guide should be used by lead dust sampling technicians.
The guide provides protocols for conducting post-renovation
clearance under EPA's Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule
(RRP) covering housing and child-occupied facilities built before
1978, and clearance examinations under HUD's Lead Safe
Housing Rule (LSHR) in federally-assisted housing built before
1978. This guide also provides federal standards for maximum
allowable contamination levels of residual lead dust.
How To Use This Guide
Take this guide with you on site when you perform clearance, including
visual inspections. It serves as a quick reminder of:
When and where to take lead dust clearance samples;
The step-by-step instructions for taking a dust wipe sample; and
EPA/HUD clearance standards for lead dust.
When To Perform Lead Dust Clearance Tests
Renovation activities that disturb lead-based paint can create lead dust so
proper cleanup after these jobs is critical. The purpose of lead dust
clearance is to determine if the area is safe for re-occupancy.
Lead dust clearance is performed:
After renovation, repair, painting, and cleaning activities are
finished in property built before 1978 and where children are
assumed to spend time.
After hazard reduction or maintenance activities in most federally-
assisted properties built before 1978 that are covered by HUD's
LSHR.
Lead dust sampling technicians should NEVER perform post-abatement
clearance. (Abatementas opposed to renovation, repair and painting-
is a term used for the complete removal of lead.) When performing
clearance, the lead dust sampling technician is required to bring a copy of
his or her certificate of initial training to the worksite.
Where To Collect Samples for Lead Dust Clearance Tests
If there is more than one room, hallway, or stairwell within the work
area, take:
One windowsill sample and one floor sample within each room, hall
way, or stairwell (no more than four rooms, hallways, or stairwells
need be sampled).
If the windows were not closed and covered with plastic during the
renovation, also take one window trough sample in each room, hall
way, or stairwell (no more than four need be sampled).
One floor sample adjacent to the work area, but not in an area that
has been cleaned.
For federally-assisted housing, take these samples if the work area is
contained, otherwise, clear the whole unit.
If the work area is a single room, hallway, or stairwell, or a smaller
area, take:
One windowsill sample and one floor sample.
If the windows were not closed and covered with plastic during the
renovation, also take one window trough sample.
One floor sample adjacent to the work area, but not in an area that
has been cleaned.
Equipment List
Disposable lead dust wipes
(individually wrapped)
Disposable gloves
Disposable shoe covers
Sample tubes with caps
Re-usable templates
Masking or painter's tape
Ruler
Sample collection forms
Chain-of-custody forms
Markers, trash bags, labels, pens, re-sealable storage bags
Calculator
Sanitary wipes
Check with your laboratory for their sampling requirements
Visual Inspections
Lead dust clearance testing for both
EPA's RRP Rule and HUD's LSHR requires a
visual inspection as a first step in the clearance
process:
Under both HUD and EPA rules,
the visual inspection is designed to
determine if the area is free of visible
dust and debris before lead dust
clearance testing can begin.
In addition, under HUD's rule the visual
inspection determines whether the unit/work
area (interior and exterior) is clear of visible
conditions that can result in exposure to lead-based paint hazards:
Deteriorated paint
Chips or debris
Visible dust
Lead Dust Wipe Sampling
Single or composite samples can be taken; however, single-surface
sampling is recommended to get results for specific surfaces. Use
durable, re-usable 12" x 12" sampling templates, a disposable template,
or use tape to lay out the sampling area.
Step One:
I Put on disposable shoe covers and lay out
I the sample area
Clean template with a new wipe.
Tape template to surface.
If no template, outline with tape.
Using tape to lay out the sample area, make sure that on floors
the tape is laid in a square. On sills and troughs, the tape should
be laid perpendicular to the sill.
DO NOT touch the area inside the template.
Note: Use disposable shoe covers when walking between buildings and
remove shoe covers before entering your vehicle to help minimize the
spreading of settled lead dust from one location to another.
Step Two:
Prepare the sample tubes
Use clean tubes.
Label tube with ID number.
Record ID number on sample collection form
and chain-of-custody form.
Partially unscrew tube cap.
Place tube near sample area.
Put on clean gloves
Use disposable gloves.
Use new gloves for each sample.
DO NOT touch anything except the wipe after
putting on the gloves.
Step Four:
I Wipe sample area and place wipe in sample
I tube
Do not touch other objects.
Press the wipe down firmly
at an upper corner of the
sample area.
Make as many "S"-like
motions as needed to wipe
the entire sample area,
moving from side to side.
Do not cross the outer border
of the tape or template.
Fold the wipe in half, keeping
the dirty side in, and repeat
the wiping procedure in the
original direction in a forward
and back motion.
Start at corner and wipe sideways.
Fold the wipe again and repeat Now w'Pe'" a forward and back motion.
the wiping procedure, concetrating on collecting dust from the
edges and corners of the sample area.
-------
Step Four:
(Continued)
Fold the wipe again with the sample side folded in, and place the
folded wipe into the sample tube.
Cap the container. Discard the gloves into a trash bag.
Label the centrifuge tube and record the dimensions of the
sampling area.
Step Five:
Measure the sample area
Measure width and length (unless template was used).
- Length of sill or trough between edges of tape
- Width of sill or trough, measure at tape
Measure to 1/8 inch.
Do not remove tape until after measurements are taken.
Step Six:
Record sample area dimensions on forms
Calculate the sample area and record on sample collection
form and laboratory chain-of-custody form.
Step Seven:
Clean up
Clean template with a clean wipe; place in a plastic bag for storage.
Remove materials from site:
- Gloves, tape from floors and windows, and used shoe covers
- Put items in trash bag, NOT in client's trash containers
Clean face and hands with warm, soapy water.
- Use sanitary wipes if you do not have access to warm, soapy water
Send the samples to a laboratory recognized by the National Lead
Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP) as being proficient in
lead in dust analysis. For information on locating EPA-accredited labs,
visit http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nllaplist.pdf.
Evaluate the Results
Compare the laboratory results to the EPA clearance standards for
maximum allowable residual lead dust provided below:
- Floors: 40 micrograms per square foot (|ag/ft2)
- Interior windowsills: 250 |_ig/ft2
- Window troughs: 400 |_ig/ft2
These standards are for single-surface samples. The clearance standards
for composite samples will be different depending on how many sub-
samples are collected. Before collecting composite samples, check with
your laboratory. Note that HUD discourages composite sampling when
clearing federally-assisted housing.
Write the Report
Use the standard report format.
Sign the report.
Useful Resources
National Lead Information Center
1-800-424-LEAD (1-800-424-5323)
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nlic.htm
For a wide range of lead informationfrom outreach brochures to
technical reportson lead-based paint in the home.
National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nllaplist.pdf
For information on locating EPA-accredited labs.
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (7404T)
Washington, DC 20460
202-566-0500
http://www.epa.gov/lead
For information on EPA lead-based paint regulations.
Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
451 Seventh Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
202-755-1785
http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead
For information on the HUD lead-based paint regulations and technical
assistance in complying with the HUD regulations for HUD-funded work.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of
Pollution Prevention
and Toxics
EPA-W-04-022
May 2009
Lead Dust Sampling
Technician Field Guide
SERA
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