Instructions for Using LEV and NLEV
Inputs for MOVES
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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Instructions for Using LEV and NLEV
Inputs for MOVES
Assessment and Standards Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
SER&
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA-420-B-10-003
January 2010
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Instructions for using LEV and NLEV Inputs for MOVES
This document provides instructions for using California Low Emission Vehicle
(LEV) inputs, Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) inputs, and National Low Emitting Vehicle
(NLEV) inputs in certain northeast states in MOVES. EPA has provided these inputs in
the form of two databases and one spreadsheet file. The emission rates in these files are
for use only in states other than California that adopted California LEV standards, and
states in the Ozone Transport Commission that received early implementation of NLEV
standards.
• OTC states that did not adopt California LEV standards but were subject to the
early implementation of NLEV should follow the instructions in Section 1.
• OTC states that adopted California LEV standards prior to the 2001 model year
should follow the instructions in Section 2.
• OTC states that adopted California LEV standards beginning with model year
2001 or later should follow the instructions in Sections 1 and 2.
• All other states that adopted California LEV standards in any year should follow
the instructions in Section 2.
• States that adopted the California ZEV standard in any year should also follow the
instructions in Section 3.
Section 1: Instruction for using NLEV inputs in Ozone Transport Commission (OTC)
states
The National Low Emission Vehicle Program was the result of a agreement
between EPA, Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) states, and the auto manufacturers to
introduce new emission standards in the OTC states beginning with the 1999 model year
and in the rest of the country beginning with the 2001 model year (details of the NLEV
program can be found at http://www.epa.gov/oms/lev-nlev.htm).
The default emissions database that is included with MOVES2010 includes the
effects of the nationwide NLEV standards beginning with the 2001 model year.
However, it does not include the effects of the NLEV standards for the 1999 and 2000
model years in OTC states. EPA has created a separate input database that allows OTC
states to model the early introduction of NLEV standards in those states. This database
provides a set of alternate hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of
nitrogen (NOx) start and running emission rates based on EPA analysis of the NLEV
program. The input database provides rates only for model years 1999 and 2000. These
rates replace the rates in the default database for these particular pollutants.
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The new database is called "early_NLEV" and is included in this zip file. Use of
the new database is simple.
Steps:
1. Save the "early_NLEV" database to the MySQL data folder that also contains the
default MOVES database (C:\mysql\data\).
2. Open MOVES and create a RunSpec for the current analysis
3. In the Manage Input Datasets Panel, locate the "early_NLEV" database. Be
aware that the databases are sorted first by capital letter alphabetically, then lower
case letter alphabetically. If you don't see the database, press the refresh button to
refresh the list.
4. Select the database press the "Add" button.
5. Complete the MOVES RunSpec and run as usual.
Section 2: Instructions for using California LEV inputs in MOVES
Beginning in the 1990s, a number of states chose to adopt California LEV
standards in place of federal standards. The effects of these LEV standards are not
included in the default MOVES emissions database. EPA has created a separate input
database for those states that have adopted the California LEV program regulations. The
California LEV input database provides a set of alternate HC, CO, and NOx start and
running emission rates based on EPA and CARB analysis of the LEV programs. The
input database provides rates from model year 1994 until model year 2050, including
both the LEV1 and LEV2 California standards. These rates replace the rates in the
default database for these particular pollutants.
Because states adopted the LEV standards at different points in time, substituting
the full set of LEV emission rates may not be appropriate. For example, if the user's
state adopted the LEV program starting in 1999, it would be incorrect to use the rates that
apply to earlier model years. Along with the database, EPA has provided a MySQL
script that users can tailor to select the appropriate model years from the LEV database.
The script (MyLEVs.sql) is located in the ReadMe folder of the LEV_Standards folder
which users should have placed in the MySQL data folder (default location:
'C:\mysql\data\LEV_Standards'). All states except those that adopted the LEV program
in 1994 must customize and run the MyLEVs script.
The distributed version of the MyLEVs script lists all of the model years in the
database, i.e., if the script is run without making any changes, all model years will be
created in the database and LEV benefits will be calculated for model years 1994 to 2050
(depending on the calendar year selected in the RunSpec). To properly use the database
to calculate LEV program benefits for a given state, the user must delete the model years
in which the LEV standards were not applicable.
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Steps:
1. Save the LEV_Standards database to C:\MySQL\data\
2. Open the MySQL Query Browser.
3. Open a new script file (File-^ Open Script).
4. Locate the script file (C:\MySQL\data\LEV_Standards\ReadMe\MyLEVs.sql)
5. Customize the script:
a. Change the database name (if desired) and
b. Delete the short codes for model years that the LEV program is not
applicable.
6. Run the script (click on the lightning bolt icon). A new database "MyLEVs" (or
user-specified name) is produced.
7. Use the following MySQL query (make sure the FROM clause has the correct
database name) to check that the short codes (and the associated model years as
found in the reference table in the script) are correct. The result of running the
script should be the short codes of the model years that apply to the desired LEV
program
SELECT DISTINCT(MID(sourcebinid,8,2)) AS shortcode
FROM mylevs.emissionratebyage
ORDER BY mid(sourcebinid,8,2);
8. If the table is not correct, return to step 3 and revise the script as needed.
9. Open MOVES
10. In the Manage Input Datasets Panel, locate the MyLEVs database (or the user-
specified name, if changed). Be aware that the databases are sorted first by
capital letter alphabetically, then lower case letter alphabetically. If you don't see
the database, press the refresh button to refresh the list.
11. Select the database, and press the "Add" button.
12. Complete the MOVES Run Spec and run as usual.
Example 1:
State A adopted LEV standards beginning with the 1999 model year, and will continue
those standards in the future.
-Edit the last statement in the script:
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and mid(sourcebinid,8,2) in
(94,95,96,97,98,99,20,21,22,
23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,
33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,07);
Delete the numbers 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
The new script should now read:
and mid(sourcebinid,8,2) in
(99,20,21,22,
23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,
33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,07);
- Run the script.
- Launch MOVES and add the database MyLEVs as an input database.
Using this approach, the new script will provide a LEV database that includes model
years 1999-2050. The database will not contain the 1994-1998 model years.
Example 2:
State B adopted LEV standards with the 1999 model year, but reverted to federal
standards with the 2005 model year.
-Edit the last statement in the script:
and mid(sourcebinid,8,2) in
(94,95,96,97,98,99,20,21,22,
23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,
33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,07);
Delete the numbers Delete the numbers 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 and numbers 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 07.
The new script should now read:
and mid(sourcebinid,8,2) in
(99,20,21,22,23,24);
- Run the script.
- Launch MOVES and add the database MyLEVs as an input database.
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Using this approach, the new script will provide a LEV database that includes model
years 1999-2004. The database will not contain the 1994-1998 and 2005-2050 model
years.
Section 3: Instructions for modeling evaporative impact of the California Zero Emission
Vehicle (ZEV) Program
We assume that the ZEV mandate in the California program will be met primarily
with Partial Zero Emission Vehicles (PZEVs) or Advanced Technology Partial Zero
Emission Vehicles (AT-PZEVs), which are certified to lower evaporative standards than
their LEV counterparts. Exhaust emissions of these vehicles are already included in the
LEV program emission rates described in Section 2 above. However, states that also
adopt the ZEV mandate would get an additional benefit in evaporative emissions, which
we have ascribed to permeation emissions.
Reflecting both the LEV and ZEV programs requires two unique runs of
MOVES. The LEV_Standards database, described in Section 2, accounts for the impact
of the Zero Emission Vehicle Program on exhaust emissions. A different approach is
needed to reflect the reduction in evaporative permeation emissions from the ZEV
program.
States adopting the ZEV program along with the LEV program will need to do a
separate run for evaporative permeation that includes an Alternative Vehicle Fuels &
Technologies (AVFT) file reflecting zero evaporative permeation emissions for ZEV and
their equivalent. It is important that this run be for the evaporative permeation process
only. Choosing any additional exhaust or evaporative processes in this run would result
in incorrect emissions estimates; therefore, if other pollutants and processes are desired,
they should be selected in the LEV exhaust run. The combined results of the LEV runs
(without evaporative permeation emissions) done in Section 2 and the ZEV runs (only
evaporative permeation emissions) done in this section provide the complete emissions
for a LEV program including the ZEV mandate.
The AVFT file bundled in this zip file (ZEV_AVFT.xls) is a Microsoft Excel file
that reflects ZEV program implementation beginning with the 2005 model year. States
with later implementation dates will need to modify this file to remove the model years
before implementation. This can be accomplished by modifying the coefficients in
columns J and K in ZEV_AVFT.xls. These coefficients represent the ZEV fraction of a
particular model year. By setting these coefficients equal to zero, one may delay the
implementation of the ZEV program.
Please note that the ZEV_AVFT file distributed by EPA includes fractions based
on the default fuel and engine technology fractions in the default MOVES database. If
users have developed their own fuel and technology fractions (see Section 2.9.1 of the
MOVES Technical Guidance and Section 2.2.9.6 of the MOVES User Guide), the EPA-
distributed values may not apply. In this case, the user should develop their own
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ZEV_AVFT file that assigns the ZEV fraction from the EPA spreadsheet to electric
vehicles. This fraction should be subtracted from gasoline sourcetype combinations.
Once complete, the ZEV_AVFT file should be imported into the run
specification file from the "Alternative Vehicle Fuels & Technologies" screen, under the
"Strategies" menu item. The tab "AVFT" should be chosen.
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