v>EPA United States protection Fact sheet: Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 4 - Draft EPA is publishing a draft list of contaminants that may require regulation in the future, in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act. The Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 4 - Draft (CCL 4) includes 100 chemicals or chemical groups and 12 microbial contaminants that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems. The list includes, among others, chemicals used in commerce, pesticides, biological toxins, disinfection byproducts, pharmaceuticals and waterborne pathogens. The agency is requesting comments on the chemical and microbial contaminants included on the Draft CCL 4 and suggestions for improvements to the process for the agency to consider for future CCLs. The agency is also consulting with the Science Advisory Board (SAB) on the Draft CCL 4. The agency will evaluate and consider all public comments and recommendations received from the SAB in developing the Final CCL 4. To submit comments on the Draft CCL 4, please follow the instructions for the 60-day comment period provided in the of Federal Register Notice. You can find more information on the CCL on the EPA's Website at: ^^^www2^a^ovic^. Frequently Asked Questions What is the drinking water CCL? The drinking water CCL is a list of contaminants that are currently not subject to any proposed or promulgated national primary drinking water regulations, but are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems. Contaminants listed on the CCL may require future regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SOWA). EPA uses the CCL to identify priority contaminants for regulatory decision making and information and collection (research) needs. How often is the CCL published? The SDWA directs EPA to publish a CCL every five years. The agency published the first CCL (CCL 1) in March 1998, the second CCL (CCL 2) in February 2005 and the third CCL (CCL 3) in October 2009. Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815-F-15-001 January 2015 ------- Does the CCL impose any requirements on public water systems? No. Publication of the CCL does not impose any requirements on public water systems. If EPA decides to regulate a contaminant on the list in the future, the agency will start a separate rulemaking process with opportunity for public comment. What approach did EPA use to list contaminants on the Draft CCL 4? The CCL 4 evaluation and selection process includes a three-pronged approach: 1) Carrying forward CCL 3 contaminants (except those with regulatory determinations). 2) Seeking and evaluating nominations from the public for additional contaminants to be considered. 3) Evaluating any new available data for those contaminants with previous negative regulatory determinations from CCL 1 or CCL 2 for potential inclusion on the CCL 4. In May 2012, EPA sought public input by requesting nominations of contaminants to be considered for inclusion on the CCL 4. The agency evaluated the nominated contaminants and contaminants with previous negative regulatory determinations utilizing the best available health effects and occurrence data and the same process for screening and scoring contaminants that was used for CCL 3. The agency reviewed the data provided by the nominators and collected additional data for the nominated contaminants and contaminants with previous negative regulatory determinations. What changes did EPA make from the Final CCL 3 to the Draft CCL 4? Based on the agency's review of the best available health effects and occurrence data, EPA made these changes to the list: • Added two nominated contaminants (manganese and nonylphenol). • Removed perchlorate because the agency made a positive regulatory determination in 2011. • Removed five contaminants with preliminary regulatory determinations. As part of the third Regulatory Determination (RD3) process, in October 2014, the agency made preliminary determinations to not regulate four contaminants (1,3-dinitrobenzene; dimethoate; terbufos and terbufos sulfone) and to regulate one contaminant (strontium) listed on CCL 3. These five contaminants are being removed from the Draft CCL 4, pending publication of the final RD3. For more information on the preliminary regulatory determinations, please see: http7/www2.epa.gov/ccl. ------- What happens to contaminants on the Final CCL 4? After the Final CCL 4 is published, SDWA requires EPA to determine whether or not to regulate at least five contaminants from the list in a separate process called Regulatory Determination. The agency will compile and evaluate additional data on the CCL 4 contaminants and determine which ones have sufficient information to be evaluated against the three criteria listed in SDWA for making a regulatory determination. The agency will make regulatory determinations for the CCL 4 contaminants that have sufficient data, and continue to collect information, conduct and support research and/or find avenues to fill data and information gaps for contaminants that lack sufficient information. What is a Regulatory Determination? A regulatory determination is a formal decision on whether EPA should initiate a process to develop a national primary drinking water regulation for a specific contaminant. The law (SDWA) requires the agency to make regulatory determinations for at least five contaminants from the most recent CCL within five years after the completion of the previous round of regulatory determinations. To see the list of regulatory determinations for the previous CCLs, please go to: ht^//www2.epa.gov/cgl Where can I fend more information about this notice and the CCL? For information on the CCL 4, please visit the EPA website, http^//w\^^ For general information on drinking water, please visit the EPA drinking water website at http://water.epa.gov/drink/ or contact the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. Local or international calls can reach the Hotline at 703-412-3330. The Hotline is open Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays, from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., eastern time. What contaminants are included on the Draft CCL 4? The chemicals and microbes are listed on the attached table. ------- Chemicals Draft Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 4 Substance Name 1 ,1 -Diochloroethene 1,1,1,2- Tetrachloroethane 1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane 1 ,3-Butadiene 1 ,4-Dioxane 1 7 alpha-estradiol 1 -Butanol 2-Methoxyethanol 2-Propen-l -ol 3-Hydroxycarbofuran 4,4'-Methylenedianiline Acephate Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetochlor Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA) Acrolein CASRN 75-34-3 630-20-6 96-18-4 106-99-0 123-91-1 57-91-0 71-36-3 109-86-4 107-18-6 16655-82-6 101-77-9 30560-19-1 75-07-0 60-35-5 34256-82-1 187022-11-3 184992-44-4 107-02-8 Use It is an industrial solvent and an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It is an industrial solvent and used in the synthesis of other chlorinated compounds. It is an industrial solvent, cleaning and degreasing agent as well as an intermediate in the synthesis of the other compounds. It is used in the production of rubber and plastics. It is used as a solvent or solvent stabilizer in the manufacturing and processing of paper, cotton, textile products, automotive coolant, cosmetics and shampoos. It is an estrogenic hormone found in some Pharmaceuticals. It is a solvent used in production of other chemicals and compounds. It is present in a number of commercial products such as perfumes. It is used in a number of consumer products, such as synthetic cosmetics, perfumes, fragrances, hair preparations and skin lotions. It is used in the production of other chemicals. It is a pesticide degradate, the parent, carbofuran, is used as an insecticide. It is used in the production of polyurethane foams, glues, rubber and spandex fiber. It is an insecticide. It is a disinfection byproduct from ozonation; it is used in the production of other chemicals. It is used as a solvent and plasticizer. It is an herbicide for weed control on agricultural crops. Acetochlor ESA is an environmental degradate of acetochlor. Acetochlor OA is an environmental degradate of acetochlor. It is used as an aquatic herbicide, rodenticide and industrial chemical. ------- Substance Name Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA) alpha- Hexachlorocyclohexane Aniline Sensulide Senzyl chloride Sutylated lydroxyanisole Captan Chlorate Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) Clethodim Cobalt Cumene hydroperoxide Cyanotoxins Dicrotophos Dimethipin Disulfoton Diuron iquilenin iquilin irythromycin CASRN 142363-53-9 171262-17-2 319-84-6 62-53-3 741-58-2 100-44-7 25013-16-5 133-06-2 14866-68-3 74-87-3 110429-62-4 7440-48-4 80-15-9 141-66-2 55290-64-7 298-04-4 330-54-1 517-09-9 474-86-2 114-07-8 Use Alachlor ESA is an environmental degradate of the pesticide alachlor (an herbicide for weed control on agricultural crops). Alachlor OA is an environmental degradate of alachlor. It is a component of benzene hexachloride (BHC) and was formerly used as an insecticide. It is used as an industrial chemical, as a solvent, in the synthesis of explosives, rubber products and in isocyanates. It is an herbicide. It is used in the production of other substances, such as plastics, dyes, lubricants, gasoline and Pharmaceuticals. It is used as a food additive (antioxidant). It is a fungicide. Chlorate compounds are used in agriculture as defoliants or desiccants and may occur in drinking water because of use of disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide and hypochlorites. It is used as a foaming agent and in the production of other substances. It is an herbicide. It is a naturally-occurring element and was formerly used as cobaltous chloride in medicines and as a germicide. It is a part of the vitamin Bl 2 molecule It is used as a catalyst in the production of other substances. Toxins naturally produced and released by cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae"). Various studies suggest three cyanotoxins for consideration: Anatoxin-a, Cylindrospermopsin and Microcystin-LR. It is an insecticide. It is an herbicide and plant growth regulator. It is an insecticide. It is an herbicide. It is an estrogenic hormone used in hormone replacement therapy. It is an estrogenic hormone used in hormone replacement therapy. It is used an antibiotic. ------- Substance Name Estradiol (17-beta estradiol) Estriol Estrone Ethinyl estradiol (1 7- alpha ethynyl estradiol) Ethoprop Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide Ethylene thiourea Fenamiphos Formaldehyde Germanium HCFC-22 Halon 1011 (bromochloromethane) Hexane Hydrazine Manganese Mestranol CASRN 50-28-2 50-27-1 53-16-7 57-63-6 13194-48-4 107-21-1 75-21-8 96-45-7 22224-92-6 50-00-0 7440-56-4 75-45-6 74-97-5 110-54-3 302-01-2 7439-96-5 72-33-3 Use t is an isomer of estradiol found in some Pharmaceuticals. t is a weak estrogenic hormone used in veterinary Pharmaceuticals. t is a precursor of estradiol used in veterinary and human Pharmaceuticals. t is an estrogenic hormone used in veterinary and human oral contraceptives. t is an insecticide. t is used as antifreeze, in textile manufacturing and is a cancelled pesticide. t is a fungicidal and insecticidal fumigant. t is used in the production of other substances, such as for vulcanizing polychloroprene (neoprene) and polyacrylate rubbers and is a metabolite of the pesticide maneb. t is an insecticide. t is an ozonation disinfection byproduct, can occur naturally and has been used as a fungicide. t is a naturally-occurring element and is commonly found as germanium dioxide in phosphors, transistors and diodes, and n electroplating. In some cases it has been sold as a dietary supplement. t is used as a refrigerant, as a low-temperature solvent, and n fluorocarbon resins, especially in tetrafluoroethylene polymers. t is used as a fire-extinguishing fluid and to suppress explosions, as well as a solvent in the manufacturing of some pesticides. May also occur as a disinfection by-product in drinking water. t is a component of gasoline and used as a solvent. t is used as an ingredient in the production of other substances, such as rocket propellants. It is also used in the production of plastics. t is a naturally-occurring element used in a variety of applications including use in steel production to improve lardness, stiffness and strength. It is an essential nutrient bund in vitamin/mineral supplement and in fortified foods. t is a precursor to ethinylestradiol used in veterinary and ------- Substance Name Methamidophos Methanol Methyl bromide (bromomethane) Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) Metolachlor Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) Molinate Molybdenum Nitrobenzene Nitroglycerin N-Methyl-2- pyrrolidone N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) N- Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) CASRN 10265-92-6 67-56-1 74-83-9 1634-04-4 51218-45-2 171118-09-5 152019-73-3 2212-67-1 7439-98-7 98-95-3 55-63-0 872-50-4 55-18-5 62-75-9 Use luman Pharmaceuticals. t is an insecticide. t is used as an industrial solvent, a gasoline additive and as an anti-freeze ingredient. t has been used as a fumigant and fungicide. t is used as an octane booster in gasoline, in the manufacturing of isobutene and as an extraction solvent. t is an herbicide for weed control on agricultural crops. Metolachlor ESA is an environmental degradate of metolachlor. Metolachlor OA is an environmental degradate of metolachlor. t is an herbicide. t is a naturally-occurring element and is commonly found as molybdenum trioxide. It is used as a steel alloy. It is an essential dietary nutrient found in foods and nutritional supplements. t is used in the production of aniline, and also as a solvent in the manufacturing of paints, shoe polishes, floor polishes, metal polishes, explosives, dyes, pesticides and drugs (such as acetaminophen)., t is used in the production of explosives and in rocket jropellants. It is also a pharmaceutical for the treatment of angina. t is a solvent in the chemical industry and is used in the brmulation of Pharmaceuticals for oral and dermal delivery. t is a nitrosamine used as an additive in gasoline and in ubricants, as an antioxidant and as a stabilizer in plastics. It s formed in cured foods and during high temperature cooking of meats and fish, and may be a disinfection Byproduct. t was formerly used in the production of rocket fuels, anti- oxidants and softeners for copolymers. It is formed in cured bods and during high temperature cooking. It may be a eachate from rubber gaskets and fittings and may form as a disinfection byproduct. ------- Substance Name N-Nitroso-di-n- propylamine (NDPA) N- Nitrosodiphenylamine N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) Nonylphenol Norethindrone (1 9- Norethisterone) n-Propyl benzene o-Toluidine Oxirane, methyl Oxydemeton-methyl Oxyfluorfen Perfluorooctane- sulfonic acid (PFOS) Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) Permethrin Profenofos Quinoline RDX(Hexahydro-l,3,5- trinitro-1 ,3,5-triazine) CASRN 621-64-7 86-30-6 930-55-2 25154-52-3 68-22-4 103-65-1 95-53-4 75-56-9 301-12-2 42874-03-3 1763-23-1 335-67-1 52645-53-1 41198-08-7 91-22-5 121-82-4 Use t is formed in cured foods and during high temperature cooking of meats and fish and may be a disinfection Byproduct. It is a contaminant in dinitrofluralin herbicides. t is used in the vulcanization of rubber and as an inhibitor of jolymerization in the production of polystyrene. It may be a disinfection byproduct. t is used in rubber production. It is formed in cured foods and during high temperature cooking of meats and fish and may be a disinfection byproduct. t is used in the preparation of lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers and antioxidants for plastic and rubber. It s an environmental degradate from nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants found in detergents and used in the treatment of textiles. t is a synthetic hormone used in oral contraceptives and for lormone replacement therapy. t is a constituent of asphalt and naptha and used in the manufacture of methyl styrene. It is a solvent for printing and dying of textiles. t is used in the production of dyes, rubber, Pharmaceuticals and pesticides. t is an industrial chemical used in the production of other substances. It is a registered pesticide. t is an insecticide. t is an herbicide. t is used in firefighting foams. It has various surfactant uses and it was used to provide soil, water and oil resistance for upholstered furniture and carpets. Many of these uses are jeing phased out by U.S. manufacturers. t is used in the manufacturing of coatings, which provide non-stick surfaces on cookware, and in the manufacture of waterproof, breathable membranes for clothing. t is an insecticide. t is an insecticide and an acaricide. t is a component of coal tars and used in the production of other substances, and as a pharmaceutical (anti-malarial). t is an explosive. ------- Substance Name sec-Butylbenzene Tebuconazole Tebufenozide Tellurium Thiodicarb Thiophanate-methyl Toluene diisocyanate Tribufos Triethylamine Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) Urethane Vanadium Vinclozolin Ziram CASRN 135-98-8 107534-96-3 112410-23-8 13494-80-9 59669-26-0 23564-05-8 26471-62-5 78-48-8 121-44-8 76-87-9 51-79-6 7440-62-2 50471-44-8 137-30-4 Use It is used as a solvent for coatings in organic synthesis, as a plasticizer and in surfactants. It is a fungicide. It is an insecticide. It is a naturally-occurring element and is commonly used as sodium tellurite in bacteriology and medicine. It is an insecticide. It is a fungicide. It is used in the manufacturing of plastics. It is an insecticide and used as a cotton defoliant. It is used in the production of other substances, as a stabilizer in herbicides and pesticides, in consumer products, in photographic chemicals and in carpet cleaners. It is a pesticide. It is a paint and coating ingredient (polyurethanes). It is a naturally-occurring element. Vanadium pentoxide is a catalyst for the production of other substances catalyst. It is sometimes an ingredient in mineral supplements but is not classified as an essential nutrient It is a fungicide. It is a fungicide. Microbes Microbial Contaminant Name Adenovirus Calicivi ruses Campylobacterjejuni Enterovirus Escherichia co//(01 57) Type Virus Virus (includes Norovirus) Bacteria Viruses including poliovi ruses, coxsackievi ruses and echoviruses Bacteria Diseases and Infections Respiratory illness and occasionally gastrointestinal illness. Mild self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. Mild self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. Mild respiratory illness. Gastrointestinal illness and kidney failure. ------- Microbial Contaminant Name Helicobacter pylori Hepatitis A virus Legionella pneumophila Myco bacterium avium Naegleria fowleri Salmonella enterica Shigella sonnei Type Bacteria Virus Bacteria Bacteria Protozoan Bacteria Bacteria Diseases and Infections Found in the environment capable of colonizing human gut, which can cause ulcers and cancer. Liver disease and jaundice. Found in the environment including hot water systems causing lung diseases when inhaled. Lung infection in those with underlying lung disease, and disseminated infection in the severely immuno- compromised. Parasite found in shallow, warm surface and ground water, causing primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Mild self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. Mild self-limiting gastrointestinal illness and bloody diarrhea. 10 ------- |