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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM 7
CERTIFIED PRODUCTS 7
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR 12
COMMERCIAL SECTOR 14
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 15
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS 18
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP (GPP) 19
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP (CHPP) 20
METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS 21
NATURAL GAS STAR 21
AGSTAR 22
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (LMOP) 23
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (CMOP) 25
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS 26
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP) 27
SFfi EMISSIONS REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS (EPS) 27
b
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL PROGRAM (RAD) 28
GREENCHILL PARTNERSHIP 29
CROSS-CUTTING EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS 30
CENTER FOR CORPORATE CLIMATE LEADERSHIP 30
STATE AND LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM 31
MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY 32
APPENDIX 40
A: AWARDS 40
B: LIST OF FIGURES 44
C: LIST OF TABLES 45
D: REFERENCES 46
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LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
REFLECTING ON 2013 CLIMATE PROTECTION ACHIEVEMENTS
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of ourtime. This past decade was the hottest on record.
Across the country people grapple with floods, fires, and severe weather, along with the economic impacts
of climate change, including job losses. As seas rise, so do insurance premiums, medical bills, and food
prices. In addition, 2012 was the second costliestyear in history for natural disasters, with a price tag of
$110 billion. From water scarcity to wilting crops, companies understand that climate change is a real threat
to commerce.
Climate action isn't just about polar bears and melting ice caps. It's about protecting local economies and
creating jobs. We must act.
That's why in June 2013 President Obama announced a Climate Action Plan to cut carbon pollution fueling
climate change, prepare U.S. communities for the impacts of climate change, and lead international efforts to
address global climate change. Since then the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has taken critical steps
forward under the President's plan by proposing to cut carbon pollution from fossil-fueled power plants. The
EPA is working toward other critical goals in the President's plan, including cutting energy waste in half by 2030
and leveraging new opportunities to reduce pollution from highly potent greenhouse gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons and methane.
The good news is we can turn our challenge into an opportunity to modernize our power sector and build a low-carbon economy that will fuel
growth for decades to come. That story of energy progress is being written across America by companies that are proud to partner with the EPA.
The climate partnerships in our Office of Atmospheric Programs continue to build on more than 20 years of experience and are making steady
progress toward that cleanerfuture. Our partners are reducing greenhouse gas emissions, cutting wasted energy, and helping American families
and businesses save money. Following are some highlighted achievements.
• With the help of ENERGY STAR, more than 293 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 1, pg. 3) were prevented in 2013
alone, providing more than $11 billion in benefits to society due to reducing damages from climate change.
• Since the Green Power Partnership was introduced in 2001, more than 1,500 organizations have committed to using about 35 billion kilowatt-
hours of clean, renewable green power each year.
• More than 480 partners have installed nearly 6,200 megawatts of new combined heat and power since the Combined Heat and Power
Partnership launched in 2001.
• In 2013 the EPA's methane and fluorinated greenhouse gas program partners used EPA tools and resources to prevent emissions equal to the
annual electricity use from more than 12 million homes.
• In total, more than 19,000 organizations and millions of Americans partnered with the EPA through the Office of Atmospheric Programs'
climate partnerships and produced significant environmental benefits, including preventing more than 421 million metric tons of greenhouse
gas emissions equal to the annual electricity use of more than 57 million homes.
Together with our climate protection partners, we have achieved meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Like so many
environmental challenges, climate change cannot be addressed solely by the EPA's actions or even by the entire government. Everyone can play
a role in bringing about a healthier climate, a cleaner economy, and a stronger future.
We look forward to building on the success of these partnerships to address climate change through comprehensive, common-sense actions
that benefit the planet and all Americans today and for generations to come.
Sincerely,
Gina McCarthy
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As reflected in President Obama's Climate Action Plan, the urgency to acton climate change is clear. The
global average temperature for every decade since the Industrial Revolution has been hotterthan the previous
decade, and the 12 hottest years on record have all been within the past 15 years. Scientists have observed
changes in precipitation, rising sea level, melting ice and altered weather patterns, including more frequent
and intense storms. These changes come with serious consequences and real economic costs to Americans.
The good news is we can act on climate change using responsible steps to protect public health and
the environment without sacrificing economic growth. There are many opportunities to greatly reduce
GHG emissions, and many of these strategies are cost beneficial. The challenge is to maximize access to
these opportunities, so consumers and businesses can overcome the market barriers that persist across
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Since 1992, EPA has worked with its climate protection
partners to dismantle those barriers by developing tools, offering technical assistance, and sharing best
practices. That support combined with voluntary standards, objective information, and public recognition
has solidified EPA's partnerships as valuable resources to reduce GHG emissions.
The success of these programs is demonstrated bytheir continued annual emissions reductions and
the increasing investment in energy efficiency, clean energy technologies, and other climate-friendly
practices. Through these widespread investments and the adoption of innovative strategies, EPA and its
partners promote long-term market transformation and GHG emission reductions.
The climate protection partnerships represent one component of EPA's ongoing efforts to develop national
programs, policies, and regulations for reducing GHG emissions. By coordinating across the Agency and
with other state and federal programs, EPA can ensure these programs work effectively together to protect
our health and the environment.
In 2013, EPA's climate protection partnerships produced impressive results.2 More than 19,000 organizations
across the United States partnered with EPA to reduce emissions and achieve significant environmental
and economic benefits (see Table 1)3:
• Preventing more than 421 million metric tons of U.S. GHG emissions (in MMTC02e) (see Figure 2,
pg. 5)—equivalent to the emissions from the annual electricity use of over 58 million homes—providing
over $16 billion in benefits to society due to reducing damages from climate change.4
• Reducing net energy bills by more than $30 billion and reductions in methane emissions valued at $6.6
billion in 2013 alone.
• Investing over $145 billion in energy-efficient technologies and practices through 2013.
• Preventing more than 3,700 MMTC02e of GHG emissions cumulatively due to investments made
through 2013.
This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions attributable to regulatory programs, such
as the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program, nor other voluntary climate programs operated by other EPA offices which are also part of EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions across active programs in the buildings and industrial sectors to exceed 650 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTC02e) in 2013.
Benefits include domestic GHG reductions only. In addition, Global Methane Initiative supported projects reduced international methane emissions by approximately 29 MMTC02e in 2013.
Societal benefits are based on the social cost of carbon, which monetizes the damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year, including (but not limited to) changes in net
agricultural productivity, human health, property damages from increased flood risk, and the value of ecosystem services. $12.7 billion and $3.5 billion of the societal benefits are from C02 and non-C02 emissions,
respectively. The non-C02 emissions were converted to C02-equivalents, assuming global warming potentials from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report before applying the social cost of C02. Interagency Working
Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States Government. 2013.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 1. Summary of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs' Benefits and Goals (in Billions of 2013 Dollars and MMTC02e)
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
(BILLIONS)1
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:
GHG EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTC02e)
ANNUAL GOALS: GHG
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTC02e)
ANNUAL CUMULATIVE ANNUAL CUMULATIVE
BENEFITS FOR BENEFITS BENEFITS FOR BENEFITS
PROGRAM 2013 (1992-2013) 2013 (1992-2013) 2015 GOALS 2020 GOALS
ENERGY STAR
Program Total
Products and Homes
Buildings
Industrial
Energy Supply Programs
Methane Programs2
Fluorinated GHG Programs3
$31.5
$21.6
$7.7
$2.2
—
$6.6
—
$295.4
$169.9
$101.4
$24.1
—
$219.4
—
293.9
158.2
96.0
39.7
36.3
75.0
16.6
2,197.6
963.2
880.9
353.4
226.1
1,058.5
219.9
217.4
116.8
75.0
25.6
44.0
58.7
11.5
275.1
145.0
93.5
36.6
73.3
62.1
14.6
TOTAL — — 421.7 3,702.1 331.6 425.1
Note: Information listed in this table and provided in this report includes partnership programs within EPA's Office of Atmospheric Programs. For more information on EPA's other climate
partnership programs, see www.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/voluntaryprograms.html. See the Measuring Results chapter Ipg. 30) for the methodologies used to calculate annual and
cumulative benefits and goals.
' The economic benefits for the ENERGY STAR Program represent the present value of the estimated net energy bill savings for consumers and businesses. Net energy bill savings are the
difference between total consumer energy bill savings and the incremental additional investment in energy-efficient technologies and services. The economic benefits for the Methane
Programs represent the present value of the estimated value of gas mitigated.
2 Program goals include only direct GHG emissions reductions. In 2013, Methane programs accounted for over 65 MMTC02e of direct GHG emissions reductions.
3 Includes the VoluntaryAluminum Industrial Partnership, SFt Emissions Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems, Responsible Appliance Disposal Program, and GreenChill Partnership.
-: Not applicable
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2013
Promoting Energy Efficiency Through ENERGY STAR
Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR® program has served as a trusted source for voluntary standards and unbiased information for products, homes,
commercial buildings, and industrial plants to help consumers, government, organizations, and businesses across the country adopt energy-efficient
products and practices as cost-effective strategies for reducing GHG
emissions and protecting our climate. Through ENERGY STAR,
EPA continues to promote energy efficiency across the residential,
Cost Effectiveness of the ENERGY STAR Program
commercial, and industrial sectors.
efforts helped Americans:
i 2013, EPA's ENERGY STAR
• Save more than 380 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)—over 5 percent
of U.S. electricity demand.
• Prevent more than 293 million metric tons of GHGs—equivalent
to the annual electricity use of 40 million homes.
• Save more than $30 billion on their energy bills.
These benefits have tripled in the last 10 years (see Figure 1, pg. 4).
EPA's ENERGY STAR is a highly cost-effective program that helps
Americans reduce greenhouse gas emissions while saving energy and
money. Since 2000:
• For every incremental dollar Americans invested in energy
efficiency through ENERGY STAR, they saved, on average, $4.50
on their energy bills and prevented more than 30 pounds of
greenhouse gas emissions.
• For every metric ton of greenhouse gas emissions reduced
through ENERGY STAR, Americans saved more than $125 on
their energy bills.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
FIGURE 1. ENERGY STAR Annual Benefits Have Tripled in the Last 10 Years
400
350
;H
S 300
c
_0
1 250
w
•| 200
CD
oo
S 150
CD
C
LU
15 100
3
c
< 50
0
300
i..Ill
I I I I I I I I
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
mill
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Transforming the Energy Supply Marketplace
EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs—the Green Power Partnership and
the Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHPP)—are designed to
increase the nation's supply of clean energy and accelerate the adoption
of clean energy supply technologies throughout the United States. Since
2001, both programs have provided technical assistance and recognized
significant leadership in end-use efficiency and use of renewable energy.
By engaging more than 1,500 partners in the purchase of about 35
billion kWh of green power annually and more than 480 partners in the
installation of nearly 6,200 megawatts (MW) of new CHP capacity, the
energy supply programs reduced GHG emissions by over 36 MMTC02e in
2013 alone.
Reducing Methane Emissions and Recovering
an Energy Resource
Methane (CH4) is both a potent GHG and a highly desirable clean fuel.
EPA's methane programs continued to reduce emissions—from landfills,
agriculture (manure management), oil and natural gas systems, and coal
mines—and develop projects to recover and use the methane whenever
feasible. The programs avoided GHG emissions of 75.0 MMTC02e in
2013, exceeding their reduction goals.
Reducing Fluorinated GHG Emissions
Many of the fluorinated gases—including chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are extremely
powerful and persistent GHGs. The combined efforts of the fluorinated
GHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions
below baseline levels. Together in 2013, these programs avoided 16.6
MMTCCLe of GHG emissions.
Facilitating Cross-Cutting Emissions
Reductions Programs
In 2012, EPA launched the Center for Corporate Climate Leadership. The
Center serves as a resource for all organizations interested in measuring
and managing their GHG emissions, and works with non-governmental
organization partners to recognize superior climate achievements
through the Climate Leadership Awards. EPA also works with state and
local governments to overcome barriers that can limit the development
of energy efficiency and clean energy policies. In 2013, EPA continued to
support the 50 Climate Showcase Communities and promote the lessons
learned from pilot projects to other communities.
Honoring Partner Accomplishments
EPA recognized the accomplishments of many outstanding partners in its
climate protection partnership programs with the following awards:
• ENERGY STAR Awards
• Green Power Leadership Awards
• ENERGY STAR CHPP Awards
• Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
• GreenChill Achievement Awards
A list of the 2013 award winners can be found in Appendix A on page 40.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
FIGURE 2. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions from OAP Climate Partnerships Exceed 421 MMTC02e in 2013
450
| Total FGHG Savings
| Total CH4 Savings
| Total CO Savings
2000 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005 2006
2007
2008 2009
2010
2011
2012 2013
The 2013 Annual Report
EPA's programs continue to advance GHG reduction goals and deliver greater benefits each year. These benefits can only grow as more busi-
nesses, public sector institutions, households, and others adopt the practices promoted by the climate protection partnerships. This annual
report presents detailed information on EPA's 2013 efforts within each of the partnerships mentioned in Table 2, pg. 6. Each individual program
section includes a program overview, environmental and economic benefits achieved in 2013, and summaries of the major tools and resources
offered by the program.
EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-established methods to estimate the benefits of its climate part-
nerships. Specific approaches vary by program strategy, sector, availability of data, and market characteristics. These methods are documented
in the Measuring Results section of the report on page 32.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
TABLE 2. Summary of GAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs
2013
EMISSIONS
START NUMBER OF REDUCTIONS
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION DATE PARTNERS (MMTCO.e) WEBSITE
ENERGY STAR
Green Power Partnership
(GPP)
Helps businesses and individuals save money and protect
our climate through superior energy efficiency in the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
Encourages organizations to use green power as a way
to reduce the environmental impacts associated with
conventional electricity use.
Promotes increased use of combined heat and power.
Combined Heat& Power a cleaner and more efficient alternative to separately
Partnership (CHPP) produced electricity and thermal energy, such as steam
Natural Gas STAR
AgSTAR
Landfill Methane
Outreach Program
(LMOP)
Coalbed Methane
Outreach Program
(CMOP)
Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership
(VAIP)
SF6 Reduction
Partnership for Electric
Power Systems (EPS)
Responsible Appliance
Disposal Program (RAD)
GreenChill Partnership
State and Local Climate
and Energy Program
Center for Corporate
Climate Leadership
and hot water.
Collaborative partnership between EPA and oil and natural
gas companies, designed to spurthe adoption of
cost-effective technologies and practices that reduce
methane emissions.
Provides tools and information to the nation's agriculture
industry to reduce methane emissions by promoting the
use of biogas recovery systems to manage animal waste.
Provides technical assistance to both smaller landfills not
covered by EPA regulations and larger, regulated
operations that a re combusting their gas but not yet using
it as a clean energy source.
Works cooperatively with the coal mining industry to
reduce methane emissionsfrom coal mining activities.
Platform forthe U.S. primary aluminum industry and EPA
to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissionsfrom aluminum
production.
Shares information with electric power companies
regarding best practices and cost-effective operational
improvements to actively address climate change.
Partners with utilities, retailers, and manufacturers to
help protect the ozone layer and reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases through environmentally-conscious
recycling practices.2
Collaborates with the supermarket industry to transition
to environmentally friendlier refrigerants and adopt green
refrigeration technologies and best practices.2
Helps state and local governments develop policies and
programs that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
lower energy costs, improve air quality and public health.
and help achieve economic development goals.
Serves as a resource centerfor all organizations looking
to expand their work in the area of GHG measurement and
management.
1992
2001
2001
1993
1994
1994
1994
1995
1999
2006
2007
iqqn
1 oou
2012
16,000
1,500
480
127
12
1,070'
-
3
85
54
2
—
293.9
36.3
24.1
www.energystar.gov
www.epa.gov/greenpower
www.epa.gov/chp
www.epa.gov/gasstar
1.0 www.epa.gov/agstar
40.3
9.6
6.5
5.5
0.2
4.4
—
www.epa.gov/lmop
www.epa.gov/cmop
www.epa.gov/highgwp/
aluminum-pfc
www.epa.gov/highgwp/
electric power-sf6
www.epa.gov/rad
www.epa.gov/greenchill
www.epa.gov/
statelocalclimate
www.epa.gov/
climateleadership
Note: GHG emissions reductions assume global warming potentials based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report IIPCC 2007).
' Includes partners and endorsers.
2 The GHGs addressed by RAD and GreenChill include HFCs. The numbers reflected do not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of
2. / MMTCOf for the RAD Program and UMMTCOf for the GreenChill Partnership.
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ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR(
ENERGY STAR
LEARN MORE AT
energystar.gov
Global climate change continues to be a pressing environmental problem, but through energy efficiency,
individuals and organizations are already reaping the benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Consistent with the President's 2013 Climate Action Plan, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
continues to support the deployment of energy-efficient products, practices, and services through the
ENERGY STAR program. This voluntary program represents one component of EPA's ongoing efforts to
develop national programs, policies, and regulations for reducing air pollution. The investment in both near-
and long-term solutions to combat climate change through energy efficiency is contributing to important
health and environmental benefits while strengthening our economy.
Since 1992,the ENERGY STAR program has led the way in finding innovative solutionsfor reducing GHG
emissions. Together with its diverse set of partners, ENERGY STAR is dismantling market barriers that limit the
growth of widespread energy efficiency and persist across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
By offering technical assistance, developing tools, and sharing best practices, the ENERGY STAR program helps
consumers and businesses to improve energy efficiency. In 2013, EPA recognized more than 125 partners for
their commitment to energy efficiency (see Appendix A, pg. 40).The ENERGY STAR program continues to be a
trusted source of information that helps Americans make energy-saving changes to the way they live and work.
Millions of consumers and 16,000 partners tapped the value of ENERGY STAR and achieved impressive
financial and environmental results in 2013. Their investments in energy-efficient technologies and practices
reduced utility bills by $30 billion and will continue to provide cost savings for years to come. Americans,
with the help of ENERGY STAR, prevented more than 293 million metric tons of GHG emissions in 2013
alone— providing over $11 billion in benefits to society due to reduced damages from climate change.
ENERGY STAR Certified Products
The trusted national symbol for energy efficiency, ENERGY STAR helps
Americans make informed purchasing choices, save money on utility
bills, and protect the environment. In 2013, Americans purchased about
300 million products that earned the ENERGY STAR label across more
than 70 product categories for a cumulative total of more than 4.8
billion5 ENERGY STAR certified products purchased since the program
began (see Figure 3). Certified products—including appliances, heating
and cooling equipment, consumer electronics, office equipment, lighting,
commercial food service, data center equipment, and more—offer
consumers savings of as much as 70 percent relative to standard
models, while providing the features and functionality they expect.
Achievements in 2013
Keeping ENERGY STAR Requirements Up To Date
EPA updated performance requirements for enterprise servers, imaging
equipment, computers, telephony, lamps, commercial refrigeration and
ovens, water coolers, refrigerators, residential boilers, and roofs. Four
new categories were added to the ENERGY STAR program: data center
storage, small network equipment, pool pumps, and commercial water
heaters (see Tables 4 and 5).
FIGURE 3. More Than 4.8 Billion ENERGY STAR Certified Products
Purchased Since the Program Began
4.5
4.0
Si 2.5
0.5 I
0 I
•
1 I I
mill
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
HVAC and Other Lighting* ^| Home Office Equipment
Light bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR certified products purchased.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
TABLE 3. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2013
YEAR OF RESULTS
ENERGY STAR CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
Annual Emissions Reductions (MMTC02e)
Cumulative Emissions Reductions (MMTC02e)
Annual Net Energy Bill Savings1
Cumulative Utility Bill Savings1
Annual Societal Benefits1
Electricity Savings as % of Total U.S. Electricity Demand
Brand Awareness Among American Households
Cumulative Individuals Taken ENERGY STAR Pledge
^••^^H
Cumulative Certified Products Sold2
Annual Certified Products Sold
Individual Certified Product Models
Product Categories Eligible for ENERGY STAR
Manufacturing Partners
Retail Partners
ENERGY STAR RESIDENTIAL
Home Builder Partners
Cumulative Number of Certified New Homes Built
Annual Certified New Homes Built
Annual Certified Homes Built as Percent of New U.S. Home Starts
Cumulative Number of Certified Manufactured Homes
Cumulative Completion of Certified New Multifamily High-Rise Units
Percent Energy Savings over IECC 2009 Code
Percent Energy Savings over Typical New Home
Cumulative Number of Completions of the Home Advisor and Home Energy Yardstick
ENERGY STAR COMMERCIAL
Cumulative Number of Certified Buildings
Annual Certified Buildings (includes re-labels)
Building Types Eligible forthe ENERGY STAR
Cumulative Number of Buildings Benchmarked in Portfolio Manager
Cumulative Square Footage Benchmarked
Number of Buildings in Battle of the Buildings
Cumulative Number of Buildings Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR INDUSTRIAL
Cumulative Number of Facilities Certified
Industrial Sectors & Subsectors
Facility Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR
Number of Industrial Challenge Sites Achieving 10% Reduction in Energy Intensity in 5 years or Less
54
> 160 million
$10 billion
$19 billion
40%
600 million
171 million
11,000
33
1,600
550
•
1,600
25,000
> 13,000
450
2
> 4,000
>400 million
>293
>2.1 billion
> $30 billion
$295 billion
>$11 billion
> 85%
>3.2 million
^H
> 4.8 billion3
-300 million
> 45,000
>70
-1,800
> 2,600
•
> 2,700
> 1.5 million
> 90,000
13%
- 58,000
> 6,100
at least 15%
20-30%
> 813,000
•
> 22,000
> 8,200
17
> 325,000
> 30 billion
> 3,000
500
•
131
28
12
247
' Financial benefits are presented in 2013 dollars and present value terms.
1 The cumulative total of product sales across the enitre ENERGY STAH program from 1992 through 2013, including those from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy. The results for energy
saved and the resulting environmental and economic beneifts represent EPA efforts alone.
3 Light bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR certified products sold.
—:Not applicable
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ENERGY STAR
TABLE 4. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards with Product Specifications and Revisions
PRODUCT TYPE
NUMBER OF PRODUCT
TYPES
NUMBER OF
SPECIFICATIONS
COVERING THESE
PRODUCTS
NUMBER OF
SPECIFICATION
CHANGES EFFECTIVE
OVER LAST 3 YEARS
(REVISED AND NEW)
NUMBER OF
SPECIFICATIONS
COMPLETED IN 2013
Consumer Electronics
Office Equipment
HVAC
Commercial Food Service
Equipment
Lighting
Building Envelope
Appliances
Other
21
14
9
g
4
5
9
3
6
8
7
8
3
3
8
3
5
4
5
3
1
Not Applicable
6
2
1
5
1
2
1
1
2
2
Inspiring Consumer Action
Through public outreach, EPA encourages Americans to make energy-
efficient changes at home, at work, and in their communities. The
ENERGY STAR program's approach highlights both the financial and
environmental benefits of energy efficiency and provides a platform for
others to help drive behavior change. The following initiatives reached
millions of people through print, broadcast, and social media channels;
events nationwide; and grassroots-to-national partnerships:
• The national Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR
campaign—supported by hundreds of participating organizations
(pledge drivers)—continued to ask people to take simple energy-
saving steps at home that can make a big difference in protecting
the climate. Through 2013, more than 3.2 million individuals took
the ENERGY STAR Pledge to make energy-efficient changes at
home, representing more than 15 billion pounds of GHG emissions
reductions. Increased use of social (Facebook and Twitter) and
online media, along with traditional media, spread the ENERGY
STAR message to more than 16.4 million people.
• EPA celebrated its second annual ENERGY STAR Day by
demonstrating how energy efficiency and community service can
go hand in hand. Two events honored ENERGY STAR Day, including
improvements to a Boys & Girls Club in Atlantic City that had
been damaged as a result of Hurricane Sandy and an event with
Rebuilding Together to renovate a New Orleans home damaged by
Hurricane Katrina. Both events were supported by ENERGY STAR
Partners through on-the-ground services and product donations.
Together they served as a shining example of how energy-efficient
improvements can not only reinvigorate a home and a Club, but also
provide long-term community benefits.
• The 2013 ENERGY STARs Across America initiative spurred
more than 1,000 ENERGY STAR events (e.g., community and retail),
engaging millions of Americans in ways to save energy and protect
the climate.
• 2013 also marked the second year of Team ENERGY STAR, this
time featuring themes from the 20th Century Fox movie, EPIC.
Working with PTO Today and Boys & Girls Clubs of America,
nearly 300,000 youths made an EPIC difference with ENERGY
STAR through pledges, stories, artwork, and educational events
at schools across the country. A Team ENERGY STAR print PSA
garnered 4.5 million impressions, and social media results totaled
3.5 million impressions.
Today, over 85 percent of American households recognize the ENERGY
STAR label, and more than 40 percent knowingly purchased an ENERGY
STAR certified product in the past year (see Figure 4, pg. 10).6 Of those
purchasers, more than 70 percent reported the label as influential in
their purchasing decision; over 70 percent also reported they are likely to
recommend products that have earned the ENERGY STAR to friends.
ENERGY STAR Emerging Technology Award
The ENERGY STAR Emerging Technology Award is given annually in
select product categories to innovative products that have the potential
to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Chosen products must
meet rigorous performance requirements. In 2013 the Award was given
to advanced clothes dryers that were at least 32 percent more efficient
than standard dryers, with each saving $460 in electric costs over its
service life while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by three tons (CO ).
6For more information, see National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2013: Analysis of CEE Household Survey. References: Appendix Dip. 461, U.S. EPA 2014b.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
Improving Access to Data. EPA developed its enhanced Product
Finder tool that provides consumers with access to energy efficiency
information on all ENERGY STAR products. This tool provides a user-
friendly interface to help consumers filter and sort through large data
sets to identify products based on key criteria such as energy efficiency,
brand, and product features. In addition, Product Finder offers advanced
features to support the more complex data analysis required by partners
and third parties. More than 22,000 products were certified in 2013 and
featured through this new tool.
Protecting the Consumer Experience. The ENERGY STAR label is
backed by a robust, state-of-the-art system for third-party certification.
This system includes a worldwide network of nearly 600 laboratories
testing products, complemented by 24 independent, accredited
certification organizations reviewing results. All products that earn the
ENERGY STAR are subject to strict testing and certification before they
can carry the label. As of the end of 2013, there were more than 45,000
certified products. Verification testing administered by EPA-recognized
certification bodies is also in process for all product categories. In 2013
EPA disqualified 62 models based on the results of this post-market
testing, with an overall compliance rate of 95 percent. The program's
emphasis on testing and third-party product review ensures that
consumers can trust ENERGY STAR certified products to deliver the
energy savings promised by the label.
ENERGY STAR Most Efficient 2013
ENERGY STAR Most Efficient is a new distinction that recognizes
products that deliver cutting edge energy efficiency along with the latest
in technological innovation. It is recognition that represents the best of
ENERGY STAR. By the end of 2013, more than 1,500 models from nearly
140 manufacturers were recognized as the "best of the best" in energy
efficiency. Categories included televisions, computer monitors, clothes
washers, refrigerators, heating and cooling equipment, ventilation and
ceiling fans, and windows.
FIGURE 4. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United
States
0% 10%
30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Unaided Awareness
Aided Awareness
Note: When a consumer recognizes the ENERGY STAR label before it is shown, it is defined
as "unaided awareness." When a consumer recognizes the ENERGY STAR label after being
shown the label, it is defined as "aided awareness."
Source: National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2013: Analysis of CEE Household Survey.
U.S. EPA 20Hb.
10
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ENERGY STAR
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress
PRODUCT CATEGORY
2013 NEW SPECIFICATIONS
Pool Pumps
Commercial Water Heaters
Data Center Storage
Small Network Equipment
2013 REVISIONS COMPLETED
Servers
Imaging
Commercial Ovens
Watercoolers
Refrigerator/Freezer
Bulbs
YEAR INTRODUCED (AND REVISED)
2013
2013
2013
2013
2009(2013)
1992(1996,2000,2007,2009,2014)
2009(2014)
2000(2004,2010,2014)
1996(2004,2008,2014)
STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2013
Computers
Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer
Roofs
Telephony
Boilers
2013 REVISIONS IN PROGRESS
Clothes washers
Set-top Boxes
Battery Chargers
Windows/Doors/Skylights
NEW SPECIFICATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Clothes Dryers
Lab Grade Refrigerators/Freezers
Large Network Equipment
1999(2008,2010,2014)
1992 (1995,1999,2000,2007,2009,2014)
2001(2009,2010,2014)
1998(2001,2003,2007,2009,2017)
2002(2004,2006,2008,2014)
1996(1998,2002,2014)
1997(2007,2009,2011,2013)
2001(2005,2009,2011)
2006
1998(2003,2005,2009)
Completed. Took effect February 15,2013
Completed. Took effect March 2013
Completed. Took effect December 2,2013
Completed. Took effect September 3,2103
Revised specification took effect December 16,2013
Revised specification to take effect January 1,2014
Revised specification to take effect January 1,2014
Revised specification to take effect February 1,2014
Revised specification to take effect September 15,
2014
Revised specification to take effect September 30,
2014
Revised specification to take effect June 2,2014
Revised specification to take effect October 1,2014
Revised specification to take effect July 1,2017
Revised specification to take effect October 1,2014
Revised specification to take effect October 1,2014
In process, expected to be complete in 2015
In process, expected to be complete in 2014
In process, expected to be complete in 2014
In process, expected to be complete in 2014
New specification to be completed in 2014
New specification to be completed in 2015
New specification to be completed in 2015
11
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector
More than 17 percent of the GHGs emitted in the United States are attributed to the energy we use to heat, cool, and light our homes, as well
as power the appliances and electronics in them.7 By making energy-efficient choices in the construction of new homes and the improvement of
existing homes, American homeowners, renters, homebuilders, and home remodelers can lower utility bills while helping to protect the environment.
Through ENERGY STAR, EPA offers an array of tools and resources to households and the housing industry to cost-effectively increase the energy
efficiency of the nation's housing stock.
Achievements in 2013
ENERGY STAR Certified Homes
Full Implementation of New Requirements for ENERGY STAR
Certified Homes. 2013 was the first year of full implementation of
EPA's new, more rigorous requirements for homes to earn the ENERGY
STAR label. Homes certified under these requirements are at least 15
percent more efficient than those built to the 2009 International Energy
Conservation Code (IECC), and include additional energy-saving features
to deliver a performance advantage of up to 30 percent compared to
typical new homes. More than 90,000 new homes earned the ENERGY
STAR in 2013, bringing the total number of certified homes to more than
1.5 million (see Figure 5). Since EPA began labeling new homes in 1995,
American homeowners have saved over $4 billion on their energy bills
and reduced GHG emissions by by over 21 MMTC02e. In 2013 alone,
families living in ENERGY STAR certified homes saved in excess of $550
million on their utility bills.
FIGURE 5. More Than 1.5 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned
the ENERGY STAR Label
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
5 400,000
200,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
FIGURE 6.2013 Market Share for ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes by State
• Annual ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Built
» Cumulative ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Built
Increasing Market Percentage
5-10% 10-15% 15-25% >25%
12
7 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. EPA 2014a.
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ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR for New Multifamily High-Rise Units. Since units in
multifamily high-rise buildings first became eligible to earn the ENERGY
STAR label in 2011, more than 6,100 units have been certified across
69 different buildings. These units must meet EPA's energy efficiency
guidelines and be designed to be at least 15 percent more efficient
than the building energy code. In 2013, more than 2,300 multifamily
high-rise units were certified across 28 buildings. When combined with
multifamily low-rise homes, more than 100,000 multifamily housing units
have been certified to date.
Making Affordable Housing More Energy-Efficient. EPA continued
working with a variety of stakeholders to improve the energy efficiency
of the nation's affordable housing stock, while reducing the utility
bills of families living in those homes. In fiscal year 2013,8 more than
5,000 ENERGY STAR certified homes were built within the affordable
housing sector using funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development's HOME Investment Partnerships Program. EPA
also partners with Habitat for Humanity to promote the construction of
ENERGY STAR certified homes. More than 150 Habitat for Humanity
affiliates nationwide built about 1,000 ENERGY STAR certified homes
for low-income families in 2013. In addition, over 6,500 ENERGY STAR
certified manufactured homes were built nationwide, for a cumulative
total of more than 57,000.
ENERGY STAR Home Improvement
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES). In 2013, an
estimated 80,000 homes were improved through the comprehensive
retrofit program Home Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES). This
work was performed by 50 locally sponsored programs, including two
new programs launched in 2013 and more than 2,000 participating
contractors across the nation (see Figure 7). Since the program's
inception, more than 335,000 homes have been improved through
HPwES. The HPwES program is administered by the U.S. Department of
Energy with support from EPA.
Energy Efficiency Guidance and Tools for Consumers. Americans
viewed the home improvement section of the ENERGY STAR website
nearly 1.5 million times during 2013 to find information about making
their homes more energy efficient. This website access included using
the Home Energy Yardstick and Home Energy Advisor online tools to
assess their homes' energy use and get recommendations to help reduce
utility bills and improve comfort.9 In 2013, ENERGY STAR improved the
Home Energy Yardstick with the addition of Green Button functionality,
a standardized way for utility customers to get their energy usage
information electronically. Homeowners with access to Green Button can
easily upload their home utility data into the Yardstick to see how their
home energy use compares to other similar homes.
FIGURE 7. Home Performance With ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country in 2013
States with Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Programs
*The green shaded states above have Home Performance with ENERGY STAR programs. However, the programs within each state may
on/y operate within a certain region of that state.
Given in fiscal year IFY), not calendar year, due to data availability; fiscal year is from October 1 to September 30.
9 For more information, see www.energystar.gov/yardstick and www.energystar.gov/homeadvisor.
13
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector
More than 7,000 organizations have partnered with EPA to deliver GHG emissions reductions, reduce business risk, and increase financial value
through the ENERGY STAR commercial buildings program. These ENERGY STAR partners demonstrate practical and proven solutions to increase the
efficiency of buildings and industrial plants and serve as examples for others to follow.
Achievements in 2013
ENERGY STAR Certification for Top Performance. Ry the end of
2013, more than 22,000 buildings and plants representing more than 3
billion square feet of space had earned ENERGY STAR certification (see
Figure 9). These top performers demonstrate that it is possible to emit
35 percent fewer GHG emissions than typical facilities while delivering
financial value to an organization. Academic, industry, and EPA studies
have shown that ENERGY STAR certified buildings cost less to operate,
increase the asset value of the property, and have increased rent and
less turnover than similar non-certified buildings.
ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Gets Turbo Charged. In 2013,
EPA released a complete upgrade for ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager,
the industry-leading benchmarking tool used by more than 70,000
individual users to measure, track, assess, and report on the energy
and water consumption of more than 325,000 commercial buildings
nationwide—nearly 40 percent of the nation's commercial building
space (see Figure 8). The new tool improves collaboration through
advanced reporting and increased security. It offers easier data entry and
enhanced graphics, data checks, and custom tabs to plan and set goals
for current and future projects. This makes it possible to track a building
from design to operation.
1-100 ENERGY STAR Scores Launched in Canada. Through a
multi-year partnership with Natural Resources Canada, ENERGY
STAR Portfolio Manager debuted in Canada with a scoring system
for commercial buildings. The unprecedented launch increased the
functionality of Portfolio Manager, making it easier for multinational
organizations to use one platform for consistent energy management.
The Battle of the Buildings Advances. The 2013 competition
ended with more than 3,000 competitors who reduced annual GHG
emissions equal to the electricity used by more than 19,000 homes.
Teams represented more than 25 different types of commercial buildings
and hailed from all 50 states, two U.S. territories, and the District
of Columbia, making it a truly nationwide competition. The winning
elementary school from Raton Rouge, LA, cut its energy use by 45
percent. Nearly 50 buildings in the competition reduced energy by at
least 20 percent in one year.
FIGURE 8. Cumulative Square Feet Benchmarked in Portfolio
Manager
35,000
30,000
25,000
E, 20,000
15,000
5,000
mi
i mi
rSTIM MM
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
*0nly buildings that can receive a 1-WO energy performance score are included in the data
from 2001 to 2008. Beginning in 2009, buildings for which there is not yet a 1-100 score
available were included in the count of total buildings benchmarked.
14
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ENERGY STAR
FIGURE 9. More Than 22,000 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Through 2013
Increasing Number of Certified Buildings
<35 35-99 100-299
[Number of Buildings)
>300
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector
The industrial sector is a vital part of the U.S. economy. Manufacturing goods are valued at just over $5.5 trillion, contribute more than 11 percent to
the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and provide more than 10.5 million jobs paying an average of $52,500 annually.10 This sector also generates
more than a quarter of the nation's annual GHG emissions." Through ENERGY STAR, EPA enables the industrial sector to improve energy efficiency
within its operations and cost-effectively reduce GHG emissions by removing energy management barriers.
Achievements in 2013
Improving Performance—The ENERGY STAR Focus
Industries
EPA works closely with specific industries to provide advanced tools
that help companies learn to manage energy use and build long-term,
productive energy programs (see Table 6, pg. 17). In 2013, the number of
ENERGY STAR Focus Industries grew to 28 with the addition of the metal
casting sectors of investment steel, carbon alloy steel, and aluminum, as
well as automobile powertrain manufacturing.
New Measures of Plant Energy Performance. Objective
measurement of plant energy performance is key to improving industrial
energy management. Most companies are unable to assess a plant's
energy performance relative to the industry and do not know if a plant is
meeting its efficiency potential. ENERGY STAR plant energy performance
indicators (EPIs) overcome that barrier by empowering companies to
evaluate good energy performance within the industry and set strong
performance goals for their plants. In 2013, EPA worked with industry
stakeholders to continue testing draft EPIs for lithographic printing and
ready mixed concrete production. EPA issued a second draft of EPIs for iron
casting based on industry review for subsequent testing. EPA also released
first draft EPIs for industry testing for integrated steel mills, investment
steel casting, carbon alloy steel casting, and commercial bakeries.
New Guidance for Improving Energy Efficiency in Industrial
Sectors. ENERGY STAR energy guides identify ways to improve energy
efficiency in a specific industry. In 2013, EPA released a new energy
guide for concrete manufacturers in an abbreviated form and also
updated the energy efficiency guide for the cement industry. A draft
guide for the metal casting industry was produced for industry review.
The growing library of energy guides continued to help industrial
managers identify areas for energy efficiency improvements.
'" For more information, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, U.S. Census Bureau, 2013.
" For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. EPA2014a.
15
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
Building Capacity to Enable Greater Industry
Participation
Key alliances and tools help EPA and its partners build capacity in a cost-
effective manner.
ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry Continued to Grow. EPA's
ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry helps manufacturers improve
the energy efficiency of their sites by 10 percent within 5 years or less
through the fundamental energy management practices of establishing
baselines, setting reduction goals, and tracking and managing energy
use over time. By the close of 2013,913 sites had taken the Challenge,
and 247 achieved the goal, saving over 51 trillion Btu. The average
site energy intensity reduction observed was 20 percent. Several
corporations have instituted the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry at
all of their sites worldwide.
Partnerships with National Collaboration Expanded Reach.
EPA continued to support the implementation of the President's
Executive Order 13624, "Accelerating Investment in Industrial Energy
Efficiency," to extend ENERGY STAR resources to new portions of
the industrial market.12 Further, EPA collaboration with national-level
industrial groups increased industry's exposure to ENERGY STAR
resources. For example, the American Baking Association and the
National Ready Mixed Concrete Association continued campaigns to
promote the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry to their members.
Partnering with Utility Programs. EPA partnered with Danville
Utilities, a municipal utility, to test an innovative energy management
training platform for small and medium-sized manufacturers. This
project, called Southside Plant Performance, trained a cohort of energy
champions from local manufacturing plants on ENERGY STAR tools that
helped these companies establish energy management programs and
find quick energy savings.
Energy Treasure Hunt Guidance. Much can be accomplished
when facilities are assessed for energy waste using staff within an
organization. EPA released instructional guidance for conducting "energy
treasure hunts" using internal teams and conducted training to inform
organizations about how to run treasure hunts in facilities. As a result,
industrial and commercial organizations are now implementing this cost-
effective approach to facility energy assessment.
Continuing to Earn ENERGY STAR Certification
In 2013, 64 plants earned the ENERGY STAR certification by achieving
energy performance in the top quartile nationally, bringing the
cumulative number of certified plants to 131. The cement and cookie
and cracker baking sectors earned the greatest number of certifications
among the industrial sectors. ENERGY STAR certification is valued by
industry as it differentiates high performing plants.
16
12 For more information, see www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-05/pdf/2012-22030.pdf.
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ENERGY STAR
TABLE 6. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy
PEER EXCHANGE
NETWORK
Aluminum Casting
Cement Manufacturing
Concrete Manufacturing
Corn Refining
Dairy
• Ice Cream
• Fluid Milk
• Cheesemaking
Food Processing
• Bread and Rolls
• Cookies & Crackers
•Juice
• Frozen Fried Potato Products
•Tomato Products
Glass Manufacturing
• Fiberglass
• Flat glass
• Container glass
Metal Casting
• Iron
• Investment Steel Casting
• Carbon/Alloy Casting
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
• Auto Assembly
• Powertrain
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Industry
Pharmaceuticals
Printing
Pulp & Paper
•Pulp Mill
• Integrated Mill
Steel
• Mini Mills
• Integrated
INDUSTRIAL
ENERGY GUIDE
In progress
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
Draft
Published
Published
Published
Published
Draft
Published
Published
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
INDICATOR
In progress
Released 2006, Updated 2011
Draft under review
Released 2006, Updated 2012
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Released 2011
Released 2009
Released 2009
Draft under review
Draft under review
Released 2009
Released 2009
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Released 2006
Updated 2010
In development
Draft under review
Private System recognized by EPA
Released 2008
Draft under review
Released 2010
Released 2012
Draft under review
Draft under review
ENERGY STAR
CERTIFICATION
17
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY
PROGRAMS
EPA launched the Green Power Partnership (GPP) and Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHPP) in
2001 to facilitate the growth of green power generation and environmentally beneficial CHP across the
nation.
For the past 12 years, both programs have made remarkable progress in dismantling market barriers to
green power purchasing and CHP use by helping hundreds of partners find cost-effective solutions to
meet their energy needs. By offering technical resources, developing nationally accepted standards,
providing access to expertise, and recognizing environmental leadership, these clean energy supply
programs continually bring value to partners and to the broader clean energy community through program
websites and public webinars.
In turn, partner investments in clean energy yield significant environmental benefits by reducing GHG
emissions and a variety of air pollutants. CHPP and GPP partners are transforming the marketplace by
increasing the local, regional, and national demand for clean energy supply technologies. The programs'
achievements have been impressive. In 2013 alone, EPA's energy supply programs reduced GHG
emissions by 36.3 MMTC02e (see Figure 10).
FIGURE 10. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions by the Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs
35
30
o
P 25
20
15
10
II
MM
• I •
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008 2009 2010 2011
2012 2013
18
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CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP (GPP)
SEPA
GREEN
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
EPA's Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that encourages organizations to buy green power to reduce the environmental impacts
associated with purchased electricity use and, in so doing, demonstrate their environmental leadership.13 EPA's Green Power partners include a wide
variety of forward-thinking organizations, such as Fortune 500® companies; small and medium-sized businesses; local, state, and federal government
agencies; and colleges and universities. The voluntary commitments of these partners to promote green power made 2013 another exceptional year
for EPA's Green Power Partnership.
Achievements in 2013
Added 313 new partners, bringing the total to more than 1,500.
These organizations have committed to buying about 35 billion kWh
of green power annually—enough electricity to run nearly 3 million
average American homes for one year (see Figure 11).
Organized 11 webinars on important topics such as aggregated
renewable energy purchasing groups, green power procurement
options for K-12 schools and sports teams/venues, and renewable
energy market innovations and outlook.
Further expanded efforts to connect Green Power partners with new,
not-yet-built renewable energy projects that may align with their
energy, environmental, and financial objectives. From a total of 11
proposals submitted on behalf of nine project developers, EPA selected
seven projects to present to partners during a networking webinar.
Acknowledged 78 partners in EPA's College & University 2012-2013
Green Power Challenge. EPA ranked the green power purchases of
individual schools against others within their athletic conferences
and calculated cumulative purchases among competing conferences.
The Big 10 Conference topped the list with the largest total purchase
(more than 309 million kWh of annual green power use) and earned
recognition as the 2012-2013 Collective Conference Champion.
Presented 21 Green Power Leadership Awards to top purchasers
of green power and on-site renewable power systems, and three
awards to green power suppliers (see Appendix A, pg. 41).
FIGURE 11. Green Power Purchased and GHG Emissions Reductions
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Green Power—Energizing Communities Across the Country
Innovative municipalities across the country are partnering with EPA to become Green Power Communities (GPCs). Towns, villages, cities, coun-
ties, and tribal governments become GPCs when local governments, businesses, and residents collectively use green power in amounts that
meet or exceed EPA's GPP community usage requirements. Between 2004 and 2013,48 communities mobilized to reduce their carbon footprints
by buying and using green power. Their green power use helped avoid annual C02 emissions equivalent to those from the electricity used in
more than 570,000 average American homes.
The participating communities added more than one billion kWh of green power to the overall GPC total during the 2012-2013 Green Power
Community Challenge. Washington, DC, won the Challenge title by using the most green power annually (more than one billion kWh), while Oak
Park, IL, had the highest green power percentage of total electricity use (close to 92 percent).
13 For additional information on GPP, see www.epa.gov/greenpower/.
19
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP (CHPP)
CHP
«>EPA COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's CHP Partnership encourages the use of CHP, which is cleaner than separately produced electricity and thermal energy such as steam and hot
water. CHP projects are up to 80 percent more efficient than traditional separate heat and power generation, and they also reduce reliance on grid-
supplied electricity, increase the reliability of the U.S. electricity supply, and lessen the need to build new transmission and distribution capacity.14
To promote increased use of CHP, EPA works closely with energy users; the CHP industry; state, local, and tribal governments; and other stakeholders
to develop new CHP projects and promote their environmental, economic, and other benefits. Since its inception, the CHP Partnership has made a
significant impact on U.S. CHP capacity, annually assisting up to 56 percent of the new CHP capacity additions.
Achievements in 2013
• Assisted in the deployment of more than 278 MW of new CHP
nationwide (out of 597 MW of new nationwide capacity), bringing
the cumulative impact of the program to nearly 6,200 MW of new
CHP (see Table 7).
• Welcomed 50 new partners, bringing the total to more than 480.
• Responded to 91 technical assistance requests from organizations
across the country, such as equipment manufacturers, project
developers, state and federal agencies, national laboratories,
wastewater treatment facilities, multifamily building owners and
developers, project permitting consultants, and universities.
• Added eight new key policy categories to the Partnership's online
database (rfCHPP) where users can search for CHP policies and
incentives at the state and federal levels.15
TABLE 7. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share
NEW CHP CAPACITY
TOTAL NEW CHP CREDITABLE TO THE
YEAR CAPACITY (MW) PARTNERSHIP (MW)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
5,580
4,033
3,717
1,715
553
628
444
721
710
566
944
597
20,208
620 (11%)
548 (14%)
1,963 (53%)
848 (49%)
140 (27%)
342 (54%)
193 (44%)
403 (56%)
301 (42%)
309 (55%)
254 (27%)
278 (47%)
6,199 (31%)
Collaborated with the U.S. Departments of Energy and Housing and
Urban Development to develop a Guide to Using Combined Heat
and Power for Enhancing Reliability and Resiliency in Buildings,
which addresses how CHP can be used to increase the resilience of
facilities and critical infrastructure in response to natural disasters
and other crises.16 The guide provides examples of residential and
other critical facilities that were able to use CHP as an alternative to
backup generators and continue to operate during Hurricane Sandy.
Developed a fact sheet on CHP as a boiler replacement opportunity
targeted at facilities that may be considering boiler investments to
replace aging boilers, expand capacity, or respond to new regulations.
Provided a scoping study requested by the City of New York to help
evaluate CHP as an option to improve the resiliency of the Breezy
Point neighborhood, which was devastated by Hurricane Sandy.
Developed tools and resources to support implementation of
Executive Order 13624, "Accelerating Investments in Industrial
Energy Efficiency."17
Honored seven highly efficient CHP projects with ENERGY STAR
CHPP awards: a 1.9 MW system at the Marine Corps Logistics Base
Albany; a 150 kW system at the National Archives and Records
Administration; a 46 MW system at Boston's Medical Area Total
Energy Plant; an 11 MW system at Montefiore Medical Center; a
7.5 MW system at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell
Medical Center; a 12.8 MW system at New York University; and a
45 MW system at Texas A&M University (see Appendix A, pg. 41).
'4'For additionalinformation on CHPP, see www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.html.
15 For additional information, see www.epa.gov/chp/policies/database.html
16 For more information, see portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=CHPSept2013.pdf.
2Q "For additional information, see www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-05/pdf/2012-22030.pdf.
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METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
Methane is an excellent candidate for reducing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere and
providing a clean energy resource in the process. Methane is the second most significant GHG behind
C02 by annual emissions and currently contributes one third of all anthropogenic (man-made) GHG
emissions to climate change.18 It also has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of about 9 to 15 years,
which means that reductions made today will yield positive results in the near term.19 And unlike other
GHGs, methane is an important energy resource that allows for cost-effective mitigation. There are many
opportunities to recover and re-use or sell methane from the agriculture (manure management), coal
mining, oil and gas systems, and landfill sectors.
EPA has established partnership programs with industry to reduce methane emissions from some of the
largest sources by encouraging the recovery and use of methane as energy. EPA's programs—Natural
Gas STAR, AgSTAR, the Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, and the Landfill Methane Outreach
Program—strive to remove market barriers and increase investment in cost-effective emissions
reduction technologies and practices. Together, these programs reduced U.S. emissions by 75.0
MMTC02e in 2013 (see Table 2, pg. 6).
NATURAL GAS STAR PROGRAM
NaturalGasA
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER *
t^\
Natural Gas STAR is a flexible, collaborative partnership between EPA and oil and natural gas companies, designed to spur the adoption of cost-
effective technologies and practices that reduce methane emissions. By working with both domestic and international companies involved in
oil production and all sectors of the natural gas supply chain, Natural Gas STAR helps lower methane emissions, improve operational efficiency,
increase natural gas supply, and contribute to a healthier global environment.
The program offers a full array of tools and resources—including technology transfer workshops, Lessons Learned studies, Partner Reported
Opportunities fact sheets, technical reports and studies, and peer networking fora—to assist companies in implementing a wide range of cost-
effective best management practices and technologies to reduce emissions.20
Achievements in 2013
• Reduced U.S. methane emissions by 24.1 MMTC02e through efforts
undertaken and reported by domestic partners for 2013 (see Figure
12), achieving cumulative program reductions over 580 MMTC02e
since 1990.21
• Welcomed 6 new (international) partners, bringing the total to 127
domestic and international companies.
• Hosted domestic technology transfer workshops in Philadelphia, PA,
and Orlando, FL, to promote technologies and practices that reduce
methane emissions.
FIGURE 12. Natural Gas STAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions
ill
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
's For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. EPA2014a.
19 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC2007.
20 For additional information on Natural Gas STAR and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/gasstar/accomplishments/index.html.
21 Voluntary emissions reductions reported to Natural Gas STAR annually by program partners decreased due to several factors, including new regulatory requirements [New Source 01
Performance Standards for the Oil and Natural Gas Sector] that are no longer reportable to the program as a voluntary action.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
AgSTAR PROGRAM
Biogas recovery systems help reduce GHG emissions by enabling the recovery and use of methane from animal manure and other organic wastes.
A biogas recovery system is typically anchored by a manure digester that captures and combusts biogas to produce electricity, heat, or hot water.
In addition to avoiding methane emissions, digester systems also reduce local water and air pollution, act as a source of renewable energy, provide
rural economic development, better manage nutrients, and generate other value-added products (e.g., manure fibers) that improve farm revenues.
Through the AgSTAR Program, EPA partners with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the nation's agriculture industry to reduce methane
emissions by promoting the use of biogas recovery systems to manage animal waste. EPA offers an array of tools and information designed to assist
livestock producers in evaluating and implementing methane recovery systems.22
Achievements in 2013
• Reduced direct methane emissions from approximately 239
livestock farms by 0.8 MMTC02e and avoided approximately
0.2 MMTC02e in fossil fuel emissions, producing total
emission reductions of 1.0 MMTC02e in 2013 (see Figure 13).
Cumulatively, anaerobic digesters on livestock farms have
reduced emissions by 5.4 MMTC02e in the past decade.
• Participated in several outreach events with livestock
producers, renewable energy industry leaders, and state and
local governments.
• Renewed the AgSTAR Partnership program, which brings
together representatives of universities, state and local
governments, not-for-profits, and other related organizations
to share information and encourage implementation of biogas
recovery systems.
• In 2013, there were approximately 239 biogas recovery
systems operating in the livestock sector. The majority of
the systems utilize complete mix (33%) or plug flow (32%)
designs. Almost all of the systems use the biogas to generate
electricity (86%), many of which also recover waste heat
through combined heat and power systems.
FIGURE 13. AgSTAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
22
For additional information on AgSTAR and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/agstar/about-us/accomplish.html.
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METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (LMOP)
LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
Landfill gas (LFG) energy projects prevent direct methane emissions from landfills and reduce indirect C02 emissions by displacing energy generated
from the burning of fossil fuels with LFG, an alternative energy source. Through the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP), EPA provides
landfill owners and operators a suite of tools and technical resources to help them overcome the obstacles to developing LFG energy projects. LMOP
provides technical assistance to both smaller landfills not covered by EPA regulations and larger, regulated operations that are combusting their gas
but not yet using it as a clean energy source.23 Annually, EPA recognizes outstanding partners for their work on LFG energy projects. See the full list
of 2013 winners in Appendix A, page 42.
Achievements in 2013
• Reduced methane emissions from hundreds of U.S. landfills and
avoided C02 emissions totaling approximately 40.3 MMTC02e in
2013 (see Figure 14). Over the past 19 years, LMOP has assisted
607 LFG energy projects and the nationwide total reached 634
currently operational projects in 2013. The 607 LMOP-assisted
projects have collectively reduced and avoided more than 306
MMTC02e since the program began.
• Welcomed 45 new partners and endorsers, bringing the total to
more than 1,070 LMOP partners and endorsers.
• Hosted the Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo, attracting
more than 660 people.
• Conducted outreach supporting three events and hosted workshops
and webinars to promote landfill methane mitigation.
• Partnered with Texas Solid Waste Association of North America to
host a state-specific LFG energy workshop.
FIGURE 14. LMOP Annual Methane and CO, Emissions Reductions
E 20
3
1 15
,1 II
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
For additional information on LMOP and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/lmop/.
23
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
U.S. LEADERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL METHANE INITIATIVES
GLOBAL METHANE INITIATIVE
The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) is a f /;|0|ja
voluntary, multilateral partnership that Methane Initiative
aims to reduce methane emissions and
advance the recovery and use of methane as a valuable clean energy
source. GMI created an international capacity building network to
help develop strategies, transform markets, and remove barriers to
methane reduction project development in partner countries such
as Argentina, China, Colombia, Chile, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan,
Mexico, and Turkey. EPA leads USG efforts supporting GMI and
partners with other agencies including Department of State, DOE,
and USDA.24
Achievements in 2013
• Since 2004, the U.S. has provided technical, financial, and
capacity-building support to more than 1000 global methane
projects that have reduced methane emissions cumulatively by
over 200 MMTC02e.
• U.S. investment of approximately $80 million in this Initiative
since 2004 has leveraged nearly $529 million in contributions of
in-kind services from other Partners or Project Network members.
• During 2013, the U.S. supported more than 100 GMI project
development activities including pre-feasibility studies in
Kazakhstan; workshops and trainings in 9 different countries;
and developed new tools such as an Anaerobic Digestion
Best Practices guide for the Agriculture sector.25 These efforts
contributed to methane emission reductions of 29 MMTC02e in
2013 alone.
CLIMATE AND CLEAN AIR COALITION
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived
Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) is an initiative that the United States
launched in February 2012, along with the governments of Bangladesh,
Canada, Ghana, Mexico, and Sweden and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP). CCAC membership has grown
rapidly and the Partnership now includes over 80 state and non-state
partners. The Coalition is the first effort to treat short-lived climate
pollutants (black carbon, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons or MFCs) as
a collective challenge. Addressing these short-lived climate pollutants
can have immediate, multiple benefits. Reducing them will protect
human health and the environment now and slow the rate of climate
change within the first half of this century. The Coalition's objectives
are to address short-lived climate pollutants by:
1. Raising awareness of short-lived climate pollutant impacts and
mitigation strategies;
2. Enhancing and developing new national and regional actions,
including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing
capacity, and mobilizing support;
3. Promoting best practices and showcasing successful efforts; and
4. Improving scientific understanding of short-lived climate
pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies.
In its first years, the CCAC has approved 11 rapid implementation
initiatives targeted to accelerate action against climate-damaging
emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. EPA provides leadership
and critical technical support for several of these initiatives, allowing
EPA to expand the impact of its work internationally.
• Reducing Black Carbon Emissions from Heavy Duty Diesel
Vehicles and Engines
• Mitigating Black Carbon and Other Pollutants From Brick
Production
• Mitigating SLCPs from the Municipal Solid Waste Sector
• Promoting HFC Alternative Technology and Standards
• Accelerating Methane and Black Carbon Reductions from Oil
and Natural Gas Production
• Addressing SLCPs from Agriculture
• Reducing SLCPs from Household Cooking and Domestic Heating
• Financing of SLCP mitigation
• Supporting National Planning for action on SLCPs
• Regional Assessments of SLCPs
• Urban Health Initiative
24 For additional information on GMI and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/globalmethane/accompreport.htm.
25 For additional information, see www.globalmethane.org/tools-resources/tools.aspx
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METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (CMOP)
U.S. EPA
Coalbed Methane
paa
OUTREACH PROGRAM
The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) strives to reduce methane emissions from coal mining activities. Coal mine methane (CMM) is a
potent GHG and can be an explosive hazard inside mines. But if CMM is recovered safely and used for energy, it is a valuable, clean-burning fuel
source. CMOP collaborates with coal companies and related industries to lower emissions through the development of environmentally beneficial,
cost-effective CMM recovery and utilization projects.
The program primarily focuses on mitigating U.S. emissions from underground coal mines, both from degasification systems and from mine
ventilation systems, as well as from abandoned (closed) underground mines and active surface mines. CMOP provides high-quality, mine-
specific information and technical assistance to the coal mining industry and project developers, including identifying project sites, analyzing and
demonstrating technologies, conducting mine-specific project pre-feasibility assessments and market evaluations, and analyzing financial incentives
and regulatory hurdles.26
Achievements in 2013
• CMOP reduced CMM emissions by 9.6 MMTC02e in 2013 (see
Figure 15),27 and since the program began in 1994, it has achieved
cumulative reductions of 163.8 MMTC02e.
• There are 17 operating coal mine methane projects in the U.S.:
15 using drained gas from active underground mines, 2 mitigating
dilute ventilation air methane (VAM) at active underground mines,
and 18 using abandoned mine methane gas.
• Conducted a number of outreach meetings and calls with coal
companies and individual mines to discuss CMM capture and use
opportunities.
• Provided technical analysis to proactively engage U.S. coal mines
and industry representatives to stimulate further domestic CMM
project development.
FIGURE 15. CMOP Annual Methane Emissions Reductions
fl
II
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2S For additional information on CMOP and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/cmop/.
27 Emission reductions are draft, pending the final 2013 CMM Inventory Numbers.
25
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
REDUCTION PROGRAMS
EPA's fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs continue to make significant reductions
in potent GHG emissions. The fluorinated gases—including perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons
(MFCs), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are in several cases byproducts of certain
U.S. industrial operations. MFCs, on the other hand, are principally used as replacements for GHGs that
also deplete the ozone layer. Ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, insulating foams, and other
products, but are being phased out globally underthe Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer.
Through its partnership programs, EPA works closely with participating industries to identify cost-effective
emissions reduction opportunities, recognize industry accomplishments, and facilitate the transition toward
environmentallyfriendliertechnologies and chemicals and best environmental practices. Although FGHGs
account for a small portion of total U.S. GHG emissions, they have very high global warming potentials
(GWPs); emissions on a per-facility basis tend to be high. FGHGs trap substantially more heat in the
atmosphere than does C02 on a per-mass basis, and some can have much longer atmospheric lifetimes
than C02.28
The combined efforts of the FGHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions substantially
below baseline levels—an impressive achievement given the sizable growth in many of these industries. In
2013, FGHG emissions reductions across the partnership programs totaled 16.6 MMTC02e as EPA continued
to support partners in their efforts to improve industrial processes and share best practices.29
For more information, see Appendix D: References tp. 46), IPCC2007.
29 These are emissions reductions from voluntary programs and do not include reductions from regulatory programs such as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program.
26
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THE VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
INDL'STRTAI PARTNERSHIP
Since 1995, EPA and the U.S. primary aluminum industry have worked together through the Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership (VAIP),
which represents 98 percent of U.S. production capacity, to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions from aluminum production.30 PFC emissions of
perfluoromethane (CF4) and perfluoroethane (C2F6) are inadvertent byproducts of the smelting process, and are 7,390 and 12,200 times more potent
warming agents than C02.31 EPA supports partners by providing technical assistance to evaluate the factors that influence PFC emissions, sharing
best practices, and recognizing partners for their commitment to cutting emissions. All aluminum manufacturers now report data through the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.32
Achievements in 2013
• Reduced PFC emissions on a per ton basis by more than 30 percent
and absolute emissions by 6.5 MMTC02e compared to the industry's
1990 baseline (see Figure 16).33
• Participated in the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (IMS)
Conference and Aluminum Association programs on PFC reductions.
• Completed technology type benchmarking analysis for each partner
company to support efforts to further reduce PFC emissions and set
new emissions reduction goals.
FIGURE 16. VAIP Annual Emissions Reductions
III II
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SF6 EMISSIONS REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC
POWER SYSTEMS (EPS)
SF6 is the most potent and persistent GHG—it traps 22,800 times more infrared radiation than the equivalent amount of C02.34 Used primarily by
electric utilities, SF6 is a gaseous dielectric for high-voltage circuit breakers and gas-insulated substations. Utilities nationwide have the opportunity
to make a big difference in the nation's emissions of SF6. EPA partners with 85 electric power companies through the voluntary SF6 Emissions Reduc-
tion Partnership for Electric Power Systems. EPA works with the industry to share information about best management practices and cost-effective
operational improvements, such as detecting and repairing leaks, using recycling equipment, and educating and training employees. In addition to
providing a means to actively address climate change, this program has helped partner companies reap financial savings through reduced SF6 gas
purchases. Partners represent 48 percent of the total U.S. transmission system.35
Achievements in 2013
FIGURE 17. EPS Annual Emissions Reductions
Reduced emissions by 5.5 MMTC02e, bringing average SF6
emissions rates down to 2.4 percent of the total equipment
nameplate capacity (see Figure 17).
Conducted Workshop on SF6 Reductions with over 130 participants
and 18 exhibitors.
Recognized Commonwealth Edison of Illinois and the New York
Power Authority for SF6 emission reduction program achievements.
Welcomed two new partners to the program and continued to work
with partners to update their SF reduction goals.
iilll
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
30 For additional information aboutthe Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/highgwp/aluminum-pfc
31 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC 2007.
32 For more information, see www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/
33 2010-2013 reductions are based on estimated, not reported production numbers.
34 For more information, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, IPCC2007.
35 For additional information about the SFS Emission Reduction Partnership for Electic Power Systems and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/highgwp/elec- LI
tricpower-sf6fmdex.html.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
Responsible Appliance
Lr Disposal Program
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL PROGRAM (RAD)
I&RAD.
EPA launched the Responsible Appliance Disposal Program (RAD) in October 2006 to help protect the ozone layer and reduce GHG emissions.
Partners go beyond Clean Air Act Section 608 regulatory requirements36 by ensuring that old refrigerators, freezers, window air conditioners, and
dehumidifiers are recycled using the best environmental practices available. Partners recover not only refrigerant, as required by law, but also
ozone-depleting and high-GWP chemicals from the insulating foam. Foam is recovered and destroyed, or the blowing agent is recovered and
reclaimed. Further, while regulations only require the final disposer (i.e., a landfill or scrap recycler) to ensure that refrigerant has been recovered at
an appliance's end of life, RAD utility, retailer, and manufacturer partners as well as state affiliates commit to responsible recycling as part of their
energy efficiency and corporate sustainability programs. EPA also works with partners to prevent the release of hazardous materials like mercury and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as to save landfill space and energy by recycling durable materials—eliminating the need to produce virgin
materials. The RAD Program invites utilities, retailers, manufacturers, state and local governments, universities, and other qualifying organizations to
become partners (see Figure 18).37
EPA calculates stratospheric ozone benefits, climate benefits, and energy savings achieved by RAD partners. HFC refrigerant and foams in disposed
of appliances are about 1,000 times more potent global warmers than C02.38 EPA also provides support for implementing and developing responsible
appliance disposal programs and recognizes partners through press releases, brochures, and case studies on the RAD website.
Achievements in 2013
• Avoided emissions of over 0.2 MMTC02e and more than 579,800
pounds of ozone-depleting substances (263 OOP weighted met-
ric tons) through the proper disposal of approximately 910,800
refrigerant-containing appliances.
• Expanded from 50 to 54 partners and affiliates.
• Recovered 385,300 pounds of refrigerants and 385,700 pounds of
blowing agent.
Prevented the following materials from going to a landfill: 119.2
million pounds of ferrous metals; 5.8 million pounds of non-ferrous
metals; 21.2 million pounds of plastic; and 3.4 million pounds of glass.
Properly handled the following toxic or hazardous substances:
73,700 gallons of used oil; 41,500 PCR-containing capacitors; and
13,000 mercury-containing components.
RAD has partner representation in all 50 states.
FIGURE 18. Utility Partners Across the United States Are Participating with RAD
States with RAD Utility Partners
States without RAD Utility Partners
3S For additional information, see www.epa.gov/oar/caa/title6.html or www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/downloads/Section_608_FactSheet20W.pdf.
op 3''For additionalinformation on RAD and2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/rad.
3S For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC2007.
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
GREENCHILL PARTNERSHIP
EPA's GreenChill Partnership works with the supermarket industry to reduce refrigerant emissions that harm the ozone layer and contribute to
climate change. The refrigerants used in supermarkets are generally 1,500 to 3,300 times more potent global warmers than C02.39 Supermarkets
leak about 35 million pounds of these refrigerants annually. Partners go beyond regulatory requirements by tracking the use and emissions of all
their refrigerants, not just the ozone-depleting substances required to be monitored by Clean Air Act Section 608.40 GreenChill helps supermarkets
transition to refrigerants that are more environmentally friendly, significantly reduce the amount of refrigerant used, appreciably lower refrigerant
leak rates, and adopt green refrigeration technologies and best environmental practices.41
GreenChill's Corporate Emissions Reduction Program asks supermarkets in the Partnership to set corporate emission reduction goals each year.
In 2013, the supermarket partners reduced the amount of refrigerant in their commercial systems by about 66 percent compared to the industry
average. The Store Certification Program encourages emissions reductions by setting standards for individual store's refrigerant leak rates, the types
of refrigerant used, and the amount of refrigerant used. Stores that achieve GreenChill's certification emit at least 65 percent less refrigerant than a
typical store.
Achievements in 2013
• GreenChill partners had a weighted-average annual leak rate
(12.4 percent) that was at least 50 percent lower than the national
average annual leak rate (25 percent).
• An average GreenChill store's installed refrigerant in 2013 had a
climate impact (2,861 MTC02e) that was 37 percent lower than the
national average store's impact (4,525 MTC02e).
FIGURE 19. GreenChill Certified Stores in 2013
Eighty-two GreenChill stores were certified in 2013 for advanced
refrigeration technology that prevents refrigerant leaks (see Figure
19)—2 platinum, 32 gold, and 48 silver. Stores with a platinum,
gold, or silver certification prevented at least 95 percent, 75 percent,
or 65 percent, respectively, of the refrigerant leaks from a typical
store.
GreenChill partners have stores in all 50 states.
o
Platinum Level GreenChill-Certified Store
Gold Level GreenChill-Certified Store
Silver Level GreenChill-Certified Store
39 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC 2007.
40For additional/,
4' Foradditio
mal information, see www.epa.gov/oar/caa/title6.html or www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/downloads/Section_608_FactSheet2010.pdf.
mal information about GreenChill and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/greenchill.
29
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
CROSS-CUTTING EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
EPA supports several additional programs that cut across multiple policy areas to contribute to sustained
emissions reductions. Many organizations have already established sustainability or climate objectives
to identify and achieve cost-effective GHG reduction strategies. In 2012, EPA launched the Centerfor
Corporate Climate Leadership to serve as a resource for those organizations interested in reducing their
environmental impacts associated with climate change. The Center also strives to help more advanced
organizations continue to improve their GHG reduction strategies and serve as influencers to drive
change in their supply chains and beyond.
State and local governments have a unique opportunity to implement renewable energy and energy
efficiency policies and programs, reduce carbon and other pollutant emissions through their own policies,
and set an example for other jurisdictions. EPA established the State and Local Climate and Energy
Program to help state and local governments meet sustainability and environmental goals.
Through these cross-cutting programs, EPA provides partners with technical assistance, analytical tools,
and peer exchange opportunities to help them develop and implement cost-effective solutions to reduce
GHG emissions.
CENTER FOR CORPORATE CLIMATE LEADERSHIP
CENTER FOR CORPORATE
CLIMATE
LEADERSHIP
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Launched in 2012, the Center for Corporate Climate Leadership (The Center) serves as a resource for organizations of all sizes in measuring and
managing their GHG emissions. The Center provides technical tools, ground-tested guidance, educational resources, opportunities for information
sharing, and a platform for peer exchange. The Center also promotes practices and innovative approaches, drawing upon the successes of Climate
Leadership Award recipients and former Climate Leaders partners.42
Achievements in 2013
Organized and sponsored the second annual Climate Leadership
Awards (CLA), a national awards program that recognizes and
incentivizes exemplary corporate, organizational, and individual
leadership in response to climate change. In 2013, the awards were
presented to two individuals and 21 organizations from across the
United States who have been leading the way in the management
and reduction of GHG emissions—both in internal operations and
throughout the supply chain. The Center co-sponsored the Awards
with three NGO partners: the Association of Climate Change
Officers, the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), and
The Climate Registry (see Appendix A, pg. 43).
Served as the headline sponsor of the second annual Climate
Leadership Conference—an exchange for addressing global climate
change through innovation and business solutions. The conference
brought together more than 400 forward-thinking leaders from
business, government, academia, and the nonprofit community
who shared best practices for integrating GHG reductions, as well
as climate risk and resilience strategies, into their organizations'
operations. The leadership awards were presented during the
conference.
Launched and hosted a webinar series called What is Climate
Leadership?3 highlighting organizational leadership, supply
chain management, GHG reduction goal-setting, integrating
energy and climate risk management, and EPAs ENERGY STAR
Portfolio Manager®, a tool to measure and track energy and water
consumption and GHG emissions in commercial buildings.
Promoted the program's technical resources housed on The Center's
website, including: methodological guidance on developing a
company-wide GHG inventory; tools to help calculate a company's
qn For additional information on The Center, see www.epa.gov/climateleatiership/.
a For additional information, see www.epa.gov/climateleadership/events/index.html
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carbon footprint, identify GHG reduction sources, and track
progress; and a GHG benchmarking tool to help organizations
evaluate and establish existing or new GHG goals that go beyond
business-as-usual.
Developed a new Supply Chain section on The Center's website for
organizations interested in reducing their supply chain emissions.
Information features resources and case studies, as well as a
"sector spotlight" which highlights activities to reduce supply
chain GHG emissions at the sectoral level. As a first initiative,
EPA featured the electronics sector, specifically flat panel
display suppliers' efforts to reduce F-GHG emissions in flat panel
manufacturing.
Promoted the Climate Leadership Awards and The Center's
resources. Received coverage in several media outlets, including
American City and County Magazine, Environmental Leader,
and GreenBiz.
STATE AND LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
State and Local
Climate and Energy Program
EPA helps state and local governments use renewable energy, energy efficiency, and other policies to reduce carbon pollution and other pollutant
emissions and achieve the associated environmental, energy system, and economic benefits. EPA provides technical assistance, analytical tools, and
peer exchange opportunities for state and local officials.
As part of its support for state and local governments, EPA also works with DOE to co-facilitate the State and Local Energy Efficiency Action Network
(SEE Action).44 SEE Action offers information resources and technical assistance to state and local decision makers to support their efforts to provide
cost-effective energy efficiency to their communities.
Achievements in 2013
STATE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
• Played an integral role in involving states and utilities in an extensive
external engagement process that contributed to EPA's proposed
Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants. Participated on multiple
teams critical to the design and drafting of the proposed plan.
• Provided direct technical assistance to states on effectively using
renewable energy and energy efficiency to meet EPA regulations.
• Launched and updated tools and data that states can use to quantify
and promote the impacts of renewable energy and energy efficiency,
including the AVoided Emissions and geneRation Tool (AVERT), Energy
Efficiency Load Shapes, and updated State Energy Savings Estimates.
Climate Showcase Communities
EPA held a workshop for the 50 Climate Showcase
Communities that are implementing local and tribal
government climate change initiatives (see Figure 20). The goal
of the Showcase program is to create replicable models of
sustainable community projects that result in cost-effective and
sustained GHG reductions, while improving the environmental,
economic, human health, or social conditions in a community.45
LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
• Enhanced the Climate Showcase Communities Network with the
replication and expansion of multiple projects, including: Little
Rock, AR; Seattle, WA; Cary, NC; and Durham, NC.
• Provided resources to meet local and tribal needs, including a
webcast series on Adaptation and Communications, online Tribal
Climate and Energy resources, and a Local Strategy Guide on
Energy Efficiency in Water & Wastewater Facilities.
• Re-launched EPA's Heat Island Reduction Program, providing back-
ground, resources, and case studies on the heat island effect.
FIGURE 20. EPA Supports 50 Climate Showcase Communities
44 For additional information, see www1.eere.energy.gov/seeaction/.
45 For additional information, see www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/local/showcase/index.html.
31
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
Measuring Results of the Climate Protection Partnership Programs
EPA's climate protection partnerships are important components of the U.S. Government's strategy to
address climate change. EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-
established methods to estimate the benefits of its programs. To present the most realistic estimates
of program benefits, EPA employs a common analytical framework across all of the individual program
approaches. However, the specific approach will vary by program strategy, sector, availability of data, and
market characteristics.
• The benefits discussed represent the results attributable to EPA efforts above pre-existing trends or
business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios.
• Program methods address data quality, potential double counting with other federal programs, the
efforts of third-party actors, and other program-specific market effects.
• Where uncertainty exists, EPA uses the best available information and practices that yield conservative
benefit estimates.
• Annual benefits reflect investments that occurred during the year, as well as those benefits that persist
during that year from investments made in previous years.
• Cumulative benefits are the sum total of annual benefits through 2013. Cumulative benefits do not
include the benefits expected in future years, such as benefits that will persist over the lifetime of an
investment or expectations of future investments. Cumulative reductions from EPA programs include
only active programs in 2013.
• Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions are estimated for the operational phase of affected
measures, and global warming potentials are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change's Fourth Assessment Report.^
• Societal benefits are calculated based on the social cost of carbon, which monetizes the damages
associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year.47
The 2013 annual and cumulative environmental and financial benefits are summarized in Table 1 on page 3.
The historical and projected environmental benefits of these programs are summarized in Table 8 on page
33. The information presented in this report is similar to EPA budget information provided by EPA to the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
4S For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC2007.
47 Damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year may include, but are not limited to, changes in net agricultural productivity, human health,
property damages from increased flood risk, and the value of ecosystem services. $12.7billion and $3.5 billion of the societal benefits are from C02 and non-C02 emissions, respectively.
OO The non-C02 emissions were converted to C02-equivalents, assuming global warming potentials from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report before applying the social cost of C02. For more
information, see Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States Government. 2013.
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TABLE 8. Overview of GAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs with Annual GHG Reductions and Program Goals
GREENHOUSE
GASES
PROGRAM ADDRESSED
ENERGY STAR PROGRAMS
Certified Products C02
Residential C02
Commercial C02
Industrial C02
KEY SECTORS
Residential,
Commercial
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
Green Power
Partnership 2
Combined Heat&
Power Partnership 2
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas STAR CH,
4
AgSTAR2 CH4
Landfill Methane
Outreach Program CH4
(LMOP)2
Coalbed Methane
Outreach Program CH4
(CMOP)
State & Local
Government,
Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
Natural Gas
Agriculture
Waste
Management
Coal Mining
MARKET PENETRATION
INDICATORS START
AS OF 2013 YEAR
More than 70 product
categories
16% of new home market 1995
More than 27,000 labeled
buildings across 16 1995
building types
131 labeled plants across
28 Industrial sectors and 1995
subsectors
Over 1,500 partners 2001
Over 480 partners, 47%
of new CHP capacity 2001
creditable to CHPP
127 US and International
partners
239 anaerobic digester
systems
1,070 partners and
endorsers
85% of gas from
underground coal mine
degasification systems
was recovered and used.
ANNUAL EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS (MMTC02e)
2015 2020
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 GOAL GOAL
71.9 81.4 107.4 129.2 155.1 113.6 141.2
2.1 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.8
69.2 81.2 86.6 89.8 96.0 75.0 93.5
26.4 33.2 32.2 32.7 39.7 25.6 36.6
23.8 26.4 29.6 31.6 36.3 44.0 73.3
42.0 48.1 42.0 31.9 24.1 30.1 31.8
0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1
22.9 25.1 27.6 29.6 40.3 17.0 18.7
10.0 11.3 9.6 8.7 9.6 10.5 10.5
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Voluntary
Aluminum
. . . . rrUS
Industrial
Partnership (VAIP)
SF6 Emission
Reduction
Partnerships for SF6
Electric Power
Systems (EPS)
Responsible
Appliance Disposal MFCs
Program (RAD)3
GreenChill3 MFCs
Aluminum
Smelting
Electric Power
Systems
Utility, Retail,
Manufacturer,
State & Local
Government
Supermarket
Industry
98% of Industry 1995
48% of US transmission
system
54 partners servicing 31
. 2006
states
21 % of supermarkets 2007
6.9 6.7 6.6 7.2 6.5 0.4 0.4
4.3 4.5 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.0
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7
2.2 2.5 4.6 4.9 4.4 5.3 8.5
Note: Historic annual reductions reflect the most up-to-date data collected from EPA partners and may differ from reductions reported in previous annual reports. All program benefits reflect GHG
emissions reductions attributable to EPA efforts that are above pre-existing trends, any existing regulatory requirements, or BAU scenarios. EPA also makes adjustments to avoid double counting with
2007). See each individual program write-up in this section for additional details.
' GHG reductions and goals are for both the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership.
2 Program goals include only direct GHG emissions reductions. In 2013, direct emissions reductions were 0.8 MMJC02e for AgSTAR and 31.2 MMJC02e for LMOP.
3 Does not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of 1.1- 2.2 MMTCO e per year.
33
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAMS TO REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA helps U.S. businesses and consumers save money and reduce GHG emissions by labeling energy-efficient
products, raising the bar of energy efficiency in new home construction, and encouraging superior energy management practices in the commercial
and industrial sectors.
EPA calculates GHG emissions benefits of the ENERGY STAR program by applying C02 emissions factors, as applicable, to net annual electricity and
fossil fuel savings attributable to the program. For electricity, a national marginal carbon emissions factor is assumed to reflect power plants that will
run less due to energy efficiency. Emissions factors applied to fossil fuel savings are based on on-site fuel combustion.
The financial benefits for the ENERGY STAR program are placed in present value terms. The GDP Implicit Price Deflator Index is used to convert
nominal dollars to constant current reporting year dollars.48 EPA's calculations assume sector-specific, national-average prices, including electricity
and fossil fuel prices published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).49 A private sector real discount rate is used as the interest rate for
financing purchases of new technologies and practices since the majority of EPA partners making the investments are in the private sector.
The methods for estimating actual and projected energy savings from each of these strategies are described below.
ENERGY STAR Certified Products
• Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program are determined
as those above and beyond BAU purchases of these products.1
These sales are estimated by:
• Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR certified
products from participating product manufacturers, provided to
EPA as a condition of partnership, and comparing these data
to industry reports on total annual product sales. EPA screens
the data and investigates and resolves issues when market
penetration is not as expected.
• Establishing BAU baselines for annual product sales for each
product category based on the benefit/cost ratio for the product
and a characterization of the market barriers for the product.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established values
for the difference in annual energy use between a single ENERGY
STAR product and a typically purchased product. For these values,
EPA:
• Assumes that ENERGY STAR certified products just meet the
ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there are some products
that exceed those levels.
• Assumes the typically purchased product meets minimum
efficiency standards where standards exist. If standards do not
exist, assumes the average energy use of available products
within a category prior to the introduction of an ENERGY STAR
specification. EPA reviewed the baseline assumptions for key
products in 2013.
• Supports primary data collection, such as product metering to
collect power use information, where additional information is
necessary to estimate energy savings.
• Uses product-specific lifetimes that vary from 4 to 20 years.
• Subtracts out the savings associated with products used in
ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes to avoid double counting
savings.
Net energy bill savings is the present value (PV) of energy bill
savings minus the PV of any incremental cost of purchasing an
ENERGY STAR certified product above a standard model over the
product lifetimes discussed above.51
Energy savings goals are estimated based on market projections
for future product sales applied to net annual energy savings for
product types in the program. EPA regularly reassesses key factors,
such as energy consumption of standard non-ENERGY STAR
products, changes in market sales, and new and revised ENERGY
STAR product specifications.
ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes
• EPA receives data quarterly from third-party Home Energy Rating
Providers certified by the Residential Energy Services Network
(RESNET) on the number of homes they have verified to be ENERGY
STAR, provided as a condition of program partnership. These raters
abide by a set of quality assurance practices to ensure data quality.
In addition, EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves any data
irregularities.
• EPA recognizes that some new homes that qualify for ENERGY
STAR are not a direct result of the program and that many homes
built to ENERGY STAR levels due to the program are not labeled
or reported to the program. Currently, EPA estimates the former
number of homes to be lower than the latter.
48 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. Department of Commerce 2014.
49 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Energy Information Administration 2014.
50 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, DNVKEMA 2014.
51 Calculated using a 7% discount rate and 2014 perspective.
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MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
• To account for the energy savings resulting from the operation of
ENERGY STAR certified homes across a range of climates, sizes,
and fuel types, EPA developed composite estimates by determining
the energy consumption of a standard (i.e., code-minimum) home
constructed in each of seven climate zones, taking into account
regional construction characteristics (e.g., foundation type, typical
fuel use profile) and configuring the home to the national model
energy code. EPA then applied ENERGY STAR requirements to each
modeled home to determine the estimated annual energy savings
achieved (for both electricity and natural gas) as compared to the
standard home. This approach avoids double counting of energy
savings from building energy codes.
• Energy bill savings are calculated using an approach similar to that
used for ENERGY STAR products, where energy bill savings are
reduced by the incremental cost of purchasing an ENERGY STAR
certified home. National average energy prices for the residential
sector and a 30-year average lifetime of a home are assumed.
• The number of ENERGY STAR certified homes to be constructed
in future years is estimated by applying the annualized average
growth of ENERGY STAR certified homes since 1994 to 2012
actuals.
ENERGY STAR Commercial Buildings
• To calculate energy savings, EPA uses the data from the U.S. Energy
Information Administration's State Energy Data System as the
basis for developing multivariate statistical models that estimate
the change in national electricity and natural gas consumption
for the 48 contiguous states in aggregate as a result of publicly
funded energy efficiency programs. The general details of this
methodology, which uses the historical variation in levels of energy
efficiency program activity in the 48 states to simulate current year
energy consumption in the absence of all public programs, are
published in the peer-reviewed, international scientific journal The
Energy Journal.52
• Cumulative annual energy savings for the current year, defined
as the accomplishments from current year activities as well as
from the accomplishments of program activities, are derived after
controlling for the uptake in ENERGY STAR products in commercial
buildings. In addition, ENERGY STAR for Commercial Buildings
program accomplishments take into account the reported energy
savings impacts from electric and natural gas utility demand side
management programs, state and third-party public benefits energy
efficiency programs, state building codes and appliance standards
programs, and DOE Building Technologies Office programs. The
spillover and market transformation effects captured in this
methodology reflect the primary actions of the program.53
Energy savings goals are estimated by applying a steady growth
rate to program savings based on an examination of the opportunity
for emissions reductions in the commercial sector.
ENERGY STAR for Industry
• To calculate energy savings, EPA uses industrial sector data from
the U.S. Energy Information Administration's State Energy Database
as the basis for developing multivariate statistical models that
estimate the change in national electricity, natural gas, coal,
petroleum, and wood and wood waste consumption resulting from
publically-funded energy efficiency programs. The details of the
impact evaluation methodology are published in peer-reviewed
papers in the international scientific journals Energy Efficiency and
The Energy Journal.511
• Cumulative annual ENERGY STAR for Industry program
accomplishments for the current year, defined as the
accomplishments from current year activities as well as from the
accomplishments of program activities, are derived after making
adjustments to avoid double counting of energy savings impacts
from electric and natural gas utility demand side management
programs, state and third-party public benefits energy efficiency
programs, and DOE Advanced Manufacturing Office programs. The
econometric model-based analyses of state-level industrial sector
energy consumption take into consideration permanent shifts in
energy consumption trends in the past decade, and temporary
shock due to the recent economic downturn, as well other market
determinants of purchased energy.55
• Energy savings goals are estimated based on an examination of the
opportunity for emissions reductions in the industrial sector.
Program Cost-Effectiveness
EPA estimates the cost-effectiveness of the ENERGY STAR Program
for each dollar invested and metric ton of GHG emissions reduced. For
incremental investment ratios, total bill savings and total GHG emissions
reductions are divided by the additional cost (if any) to partners and
consumers of investments in energy efficiency, adjusted for current
reporting year dollars. EPA also calculates the ratio of cumulative net
bill savings and cumulative GHG emissions attributable to ENERGY
STAR, also adjusted for current reporting year dollars.
12 For more details on this method, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Horowitz 2007.
53 For more details on this method, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Horowitz 2014b.
54 For more details on this method, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, Horowitz 2014a.
55 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, Horowitz 2001,2007, and 2014c.
35
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
OAP Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs include the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership. The Green
Power Partnership boosts supply of clean energy by helping U.S. organizations purchase electricity from eligible renewable generation sources and install
and use green power on-site. The CHP Partnership dismantles the market barriers preventing investment in environmentally beneficial CHP projects.
The benefits analyses for both energy supply programs are limited to GHG emissions benefits for these programs. Consistent C02 emissions factors
are assumed across OAP programs for electricity and fossil fuel savings attributable to the programs.
Energy savings goals are estimated by applying a steady growth rate to program savings based on an examination of the opportunity for emissions
reductions from green power and CHP.
Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHPP) Green Power Partnership (GPP)
The CHP Partnership's GHG reduction benefits are calculated by
subtracting the emissions from specific CHP systems from the emissions
of the electricity and thermal sources (i.e., electric power grid and
comparable boilers) displaced by those systems. CHP system emissions
are calculated using fuel-specific emissions factors and operational data
provided by the system operators. Program partners voluntarily provide
project-specific information on newly operational CHP projects to EPA.
These data are screened and any issues resolved.
Each project's C02 benefit is calculated individually, accounting for
its actual start-up date. Each project receives a credit for avoided
transmission and distribution (T&D) losses, based on a published
national loss factor, reduced based on the amount of electricity supplied
to the grid by the CHP system.
Only the emissions reductions from projects that meet the assistance
criteria for the program are included in the program benefit estimates.
EPA addresses the potential for double counting benefits from this and
other OAP Partnership Programs by having program staff meet annually
to identify and resolve any overlap issues.
CHPP partners may also receive assistance from other programs,
including those receiving funding through federal grant programs. No
adjustments are made for such double counting, as the magnitude of
potential overlap is estimated to be equal to or less than projects not
reported to EPA, though influenced by the partnership's broader market
transformation efforts.
As a condition of partnership, GPP partners submit data annually on their
purchases of qualifying green power products. These data are screened
and any issues resolved.
The potential for double counting, such as counting green power
purchases that may be required as part of a renewable portfolio
standard or that rely on resources that are already part of the system
mix, is addressed through a partnership requirement that green power
purchases be incremental to what is already required.
EPA estimates that the vast majority of the green power purchases made
by program partners are due to the partnership, as partners comply
with aggressive green power procurement requirements (usually at
incremental cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates that
its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green power market have likely
led to additional market transformation benefits, leading to additional
voluntary green power purchases that are not included in the program's
GHG emissions reduction estimates.
36
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MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
THE METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
EPA's methane programs facilitate recovery of methane from landfills, oil and natural gas systems, agriculture (manure management), and coal
mines, as well as use of methane as a clean energy resource. Value of gas mitigated assumes all methane mitigated is sold as natural gas, using the
average annual gas price from EIA.56 In order to estimate program goals, OAP relies on a marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve analysis to estimate
future program impacts.
Natural Gas STAR Program
The Natural Gas STAR Program calculates its achieved annual emissions
reductions based on 100 percent of the emissions reductions reported
to the Program by program partners, who submit methane emission
reduction data to EPA annually. These data are used to determine
Program emissions reduction totals and measure the overall effectiveness
of the Natural Gas STAR Program. The Natural Gas STAR Program
focuses on implementation of best management practices (RMPs) and
partner reported opportunities (PROs) that are undertaken by companies
voluntarily. Partner companies have the option of using default calculation
methodologies or company-specific methodologies, which must be
documented on their annual reports. Reported reductions must be
voluntary in nature and cannot be attributable to compliance with existing
regulations. Each annual report is reviewed to ensure that all reductions
data are accurate and non-regulatory in nature. Any inconsistencies are
resolved through direct correspondence with the appropriate partner
company. As appropriate, these data are omitted or adjusted prior to their
inclusion in the Natural Gas STAR Program annual totals.
offsets from the combustion of fossil fuels that emit anthropogenic
C02. LMOP calculates annual reductions from projects for which LMOP
provides assistance, technical information, and/or where there is partner
involvement in implementing the project. Reductions of methane that are
the result of compliance with EPA's air regulations are not included in the
program estimates. In addition, only emission reductions from projects
that meet the LMOP assistance criteria are included in the program
benefit estimates.
LMOP maintains a comprehensive database of municipal solid waste
landfills and LEG energy projects in the United States. These data are
updated frequently based on information gathered from partners, LMOP's
outreach efforts, and other various sources. In 2011, the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Program began providing annual facility level data related to
LEG emissions, which have been incorporated into the LMOP database.
For operational LEG energy projects, the LMOP database includes the
estimated MW capacity of each electricity project and the estimated
amount of LEG utilized by each direct-use project, which are used in the
calculations to determine annual emission reductions.
AgSTAR Program
AgSTAR tracks and publishes a map of commercially operational
anaerobic digester systems at livestock facilities in the United States.
AgSTAR follows the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
methodology to estimate methane emissions reductions from these
projects and counts both direct and indirect reductions from anaerobic
digester systems in its annual program accomplishments. Program goals
are based on modeled direct emissions reductions only.
Anaerobic digesters reduce GHG emissions in two ways. The first is
the direct methane emissions reduction from the capture and burning
of biogas that otherwise would escape into the atmosphere from the
waste management system. For projects that generate energy, a second
benefit is the avoided GHG emissions (C02, methane, and nitrous oxide)
and other pollutants from the use of biogas to displace fossil fuels that
otherwise would be used to generate energy.
Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)
Through 2013, LMOP used a methodology for estimating direct methane
and indirect C02 emission reductions from LEG energy projects. The
direct reductions represent the collection and destruction of methane
generated from landfill waste, whereas indirect reductions represent
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP)
CMOP annually measures the program's accomplishments using a
metric of emissions reductions achieved from coal mine methane
recovery projects in the United States. Emissions reductions attributable
to program activities are distinguished from emissions reductions
that would have occurred without the program. CMOP updated its
methodology in calendar year 2005 to apply a tiered system to total
emissions reductions from active underground and abandoned mines.
This tiered approach gives weightings of 90 percent, 70 percent, and
40 percent, depending on the extent of the program's involvement in
the specific project or the type of project. For example, ventilation air
methane (VAM) emission reduction projects are assigned the highest
weighting because of the program's instrumental role in promoting and
demonstrating this innovative emissions reduction technology. Similarly,
projects where direct technical assistance was provided by CMOP are
also given a high weighting. In 2012, the Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program began providing annual facility-level emissions and other
data from this sector, which can be used in the calculation of CMOP
accomplishments.
56'For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Energy Information Administration 2013.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
Through fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs, EPA identifies cost-effective emissions reductions opportunities, recognizes industry
accomplishments, and facilitates the transition toward best environmental practices and technologies that are more environmentally friendly.
Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership
(VAIP)
Historically, VAIP has used a methodology to estimate emissions of
PFCs based on the smelter-specific correlation between measured
PFC emissions and operating parameters, weighted by activity data.
VAIP participants reported a smelter-specific emissions coefficient
derived from stack measurements and annual operating parameter data
(frequency and duration of anode effects) and production data. EPA
calculated the VAIP program achievements as the difference between
annual estimated emissions under BAU practices (based on emissions
rates from 1990) and current annual emissions as reported under
the program. In 2011, the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program began
providing annual facility-level emissions data from this sector from both
partners and non-partners. These data replace the partnership-collected
data. In order to estimate program goals, OAP relies on a marginal
abatement cost (MAC) curve analysis to estimate future program impacts.
SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership for
Electric Power Systems (EPS)
The SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems
has been estimating emissions of SF6 using a facility-specific mass-
balance methodology. The mass-balance method works by tracking
and systematically accounting for all company uses of SF6 during the
reporting year. This method is provided by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as
the Tier 3 approach for estimating emissions from electrical transmission
and distribution facilities. EPA calculates program achievements as the
difference between annual estimated emissions under BAU practices
and annual reported emissions under the program.
In 2012, the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program began providing
annual facility-level emissions data from this sector, from both partners
and non-partners. In most cases, these data replace the partnership-
collected data since the majority of partner facilities are subject to
mandatory reporting through the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. In
order to estimate program goals, OAP relies on a marginal abatement
cost (MAC) curve analysis to estimate future program impacts.
Responsible Appliance Disposal Program
(RAD)
To estimate emissions reductions, the masses of individual refrigerant
and foam-blowing agents reclaimed or destroyed by RAD partners,
provided by the partners in annual reports disaggregated by chemical,
are multiplied by their global warming potential and summed. Only
hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs) are included in the totals; the ozone-depleting
substances (ODS) are not included. The destruction or reclamation of
these chemicals is not required by law; however, partners voluntarily
undertake these emissions reductions pursuant to their agreement as
RAD program partners.
A projection of the number of appliances collected and processed by
RAD partners is made. To estimate future emissions reductions, the past
emissions reductions are scaled based on the number of appliances
collected and processed by RAD partners in those years. In addition, it is
assumed that the chemicals whose emissions are avoided will change
over time due to the projected ODS to HFC transition.
Finally, these results are adjusted to account for the recycling of durable
components (metal, plastic, glass) that also occurs under the RAD
program. EPAs Waste Reduction Model (WARM) is used to estimate this
factor for each year data were reported, and the weighted average of
those calculations is used for future projections.57
GreenChill Partnership
To determine emissions reductions from the GreenChill Partnership,
partners provide annual reports of their corporate banks of refrigerant
(i.e., refrigerant contained in equipment owned by the partner) as well
as emissions. EPA analyzes this information from partners, extrapolates
trends, and compares the results to typical U.S. non-GreenChill
supermarkets. GreenChill partners provide emissions data disaggregated
by chemical. These data are used to calculate emissions of MFCs in C02
equivalents and to determine the weighted average emissions rate of
the GreenChill partners. To ensure calculations are correct, each partner
is given a report it can use to double-check its corporate-wide emissions
rates, and partnership averages are provided so that partners can assess
the reasonableness of those averages, benchmark their own emissions
rates, and set goals to improve.
The average partner emissions are then compared to the national
average for typical U.S. supermarkets, based on information from
EPAs Vintaging Model, the partners, and other industry experts.
The past emissions reductions from the partnership are then taken
as the difference of the emissions from the typical U.S. store and
the partnership average store, multiplied by the number of stores
represented by the data provided by the partners.
Due to phaseout regulations for ozone-depleting substances under
CAA Title VI, it is assumed that the types of refrigerant used by all
qp 57For more information about WARM, see www.epa.gov/cHmatecriange/waste/calculators/Warm_home.ritml.
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MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
supermarkets, including GreenChill partners, will change over time,
replacing ozone-depleting substances with alternatives (primarily
MFCs). To be conservative, it is assumed that the average GWP of the
alternatives used today will stay the same in the future.
In addition, GreenChill has fostered leak reductions amongst the
partnership. Annual emissions rates as calculated above (total partner
emissions divided by total partner banks) change from year to year. The
average reduction in emissions rates achieved during past years is then
assumed to continue annually into the future, on a percent reduction
basis (i.e., so that future leak rates never reach or go below zero
percent).
GreenChill assumes that the market share represented by all GreenChill
partners increases annually based on the historic growth rate. To be
conservative, it is assumed that individual GreenChill partners do not
increase their market share, even though promotion and monetary
savings through the partnership may help them do so.
Key Changes to Results Measurements for the 2013 Annual Report
• Global warming potentials from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report are applied to all GHG
estimates.
• Historical values in Table 8 have changed since the 2012 Annual Report for Methane and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas programs to reflect
additional information received from program partners and the Fourth Assessment Report global warming potentials.
ENERGY STAR program cost-effectiveness metrics added for year 2013 reporting.
39
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
APPENDIX A
ENERGY STAR Award Winners for Achievements in 2013
PARTNEROFTHEYEAR-
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
TM r
St Paul MN
AEP Ohio
Columbus, OH
AEP Texas Central
Corpus Christi, TX
A' K' 1 ' 't rl
West Chester, PA
Allergan, Inc.
Arizona Public Service
Phoenix, AZ
Austin Energy
Austin, TX
AVR Homebuilders
Yonkers, NY
Baltimore Gas and Electric
Company (BGE)
Baltimore, MD
Beacon Capital Partners LLC
Boston, MA
Bentall Kennedy
Seattle, WA
BOMA International
Washington, DC
Bosch Home Appliances
Irvine CA
CalPortland Company
Glendora, CA
CBREJnc.
Los Angeles, CA
Cenergistic
Dallas, TX
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
Colgate-Palmolive Company
New York, NY
Columbia Gas of Ohio
Columbus, OH
ComEd
Chicago, IL
Des Moines Public School
District
Des Moines, IA
Eastman Chemical Company
Kingsport, TN
Ecova
Spokane, WA
Energy Inspectors Corporation
Las Vegas, NV
EnergyCAP, Inc.
State College, PA
EnergyLogic, Inc.
Berthoud, CO
Entergy Texas
Beaumont, TX
Evergreen Public Schools
Vancouver, WA
Fanning Howey
Celina, OH
Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
Food Lion and Bottom Dollar
Food
Salisbury, NC
General Motors Company
Detroit, Ml
Gresham-Barlow School District
Gresham, OH
Habitat for Humanity of Greater
Nashville, TN
Habitat for Humanity of Metro
Denver
Denver, CO
Hanesbrands Inc.
Winston Salem, NC
Hines
Houston, TX
Houston Habitat for Humanity
Houston, TX
ITW Food Equipment Group, LLC
Troy, OH
J. C. Penney Company, Inc.
Piano, TX
JLL
Chicago, IL
KB Home
Los Angeles, CA
Kentucky Pollution Prevention
Center
Louisville, KY
Kohl's Department Stores, Inc.
Menomonee Falls, Wl
LG Electronics, Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Liberty Property Trust
Malvern, PA
Loudoun County Public Schools
Broadlands, VA
Manitowoc Foodservice
New Port Richey, FL
Merck & Co., Inc.
Whitehouse Station, NJ
Meritage Homes Corporation
Scottsdale, AZ
New Jersey Board of Public
Utilities
Trenton, NJ
New York State Energy
Research and Development
Authority (NYSERDA)
Albany, NY
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Nissan North America, Inc.
Franklin, TN
Northeast Energy Efficiency
Partnerships, Inc. (NEEP)
Lexington, MA
Panasonic Eco Solutions North
Newark, NJ
PepsiCo, Inc.
Purchase, NY
ProVia Door, Inc.
Sugarcreek, OH
PSEG Long Island
Uniondale, NY
Raytheon Company
Waltham, MA
Saint-Gobain
Valley Forge, PA
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Suwon, South Korea
Sears Holdings Corporation
Hoffman Estates, IL
Servidyne
Atlanta, GA
Southern California Edison
Rosemead, CA
Staples, Inc.
Framingham, MA
The Boeing Company
Chicago, IL
The Home Depot
Atlanta, GA
TIAA-CREF
New York, NY
Toyota Motor Engineering &
Manufacturing North America,
Inn
inc.
Erlanger, KY
TRANSWESTERN
Houston, TX
USAA Real Estate Company
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
CLIMATE
COMMUNICATIONS
Air King LirnitGd
West Chester, PA
Allergan, Inc.
Irvine, CA
Des Moines Public School
District
Des Moines, IA
General Motors Company
Detroit, Ml
Georgia Interfaith Power & Light
Decatur, GA
JLL
Chicago, IL
KB Home
Los Angeles, CA
LG Electronics, Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Suwon, South Korea
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Beazer Homes USA, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
Best Buy Co., Inc.
Richfield, MN
Brandywine Realty Trust
Radnor, PA
Brighton Homes Idaho, Inc.
Boise, ID
Building Energy, Incorporated
Star, ID
Burton Energy Group
Alpharetta, GA
CassidyTurley
Washington, DC
Consumers Energy
Jackson, Ml
Corning Incorporated
Corning, NY
D.R.Wastchak,LLC
Tempe,AZ
Delmarva Power & Light
Company (Delmarva Power)
Washington, DC
DIRECTV
El Ssgundo, CA
EfficiencyVermont
Burlington, 1/7"
Entergy New Orleans
NGW OnG3ns, LA
Goby
rhlrann II
L,ntcago, IL
Good Earth Lighting, Inc.
Wheeling, IL
Hoshizaki America, Inc.
Peachtree City, GA
Illinois Energy Office at the
Department of Commerce and
Economic Opportunity
Springfield, IL
Institute for Sustainable Energy
Willimantic, CT
Integral Building & Design, Inc.
NewPaltz,NY
Intertape Polymer Group, Inc.
Sarasota, FL
Kenton County School District
Ft. Wright, KY
Kentucky School Boards
Association
Frankfort, KY
Kilroy Realty Corporation
Los Angeles, CA
Mansfield Independent School
District
Mansfield, TX
Masco Home Services
Daytona Beach, FL
MaxLite
West Caldwell, NJ
Memorial Hermann Health
System
Houston, TX
Nationwide Marketing Group
Winston Salem, NC
New Mexico Gas Company
Albuquerque, NM
NH CORE Energy Efficiency
Manchester, NH
North Penn School District
Lansdale, PA
Parmenter Realty Partners
Miami, FL
Pella Corporation
Pella, IA
Pentair Aquatic Systems
Sanford, NC
Philips Lighting Company
Somerset, NJ
Potomac Electric Power
Company (Pepco)
Washington, DC
Salt River Project Agricultural
Improvement and Power
District
Tempe, AZ
SkyeTec
Jacksonville, FL
Soft-Lite Windows
Streetsboro, OH
South Carolina Electric & Gas
Cayce, SC
Southern Maryland Electric
Cooperative (SMECO)
Hughesville, MD
Technical Consumer Products,
Inc. (TCP)
Aurora, OH
Basking Ridge, NJ
Vornado Realty Trust
New York, NY
AWARDS FOR
EXCELLENCE
ENERGY STAR Promotion
Dominion East Ohio Gas
Company
Cleveland, OH
Northwest Energy Efficiency
Council
Seattle, WA
The Energy Efficiency Fund
New Britain, CT
The United Illuminating
Company
Orange, CT
Retailing
Metro Lighting
Brentwood, MO
Energy Efficient Product Design
Cree, Inc.
Durham, NC
Ricoh Americas Corporation
Malvern, PA
Affordable Housing
Habitat for Humanity of Pinellas
County, Inc.
Clearwater, FL
Tennessee Valley Authority
/TWA \
(TVA)
Knowille, TN
40
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AWARDS
2013 Green Power Leadership Awards
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Georgetown University
Microsoft Corporation
The Ohio State University
GREEN POWER PURCHASING
Accredo Packaging, Inc.
Dell Inc.
Pearson
Powdr
The North Face
U. S. Department of Energy
UW Credit Union
Western Pennsylvania Energy
Consortium
San Jose, CA
Washington, DC
Redmond, WA
Columbus, OH
Sugar Land, TX
Round Rock, TX
London, UK
Park City, UT
Alameda, CA
Washington, DC
Madison, I/I//
Pittsburgh, PA
ON-SITE GENERATION
Apple, Inc.
County of Santa Clara, CA
Kaiser Permanente
Volkswagen Group of America
Chattanooga Operations, LLC
Cupertino, CA
Santa Clara, CA
Oakland, CA
Chattanooga, TN
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE IN GREEN POWER
Intel Corporation Santa Clara, CA
Kohl's Department Stores Menomonee Falls, I/I//
Staples Framingham, MA
GREEN POWER COMMUNITY OF THE YEAR
Cincinnati, OH Community Cincinnati, OH
Mercer Island, WA Community Mercer Island, WA
GREEN POWER SUPPLIER OF THE YEAR
SDegrees San Francisco, CA
Dominion Virginia Power Richmond, VA
Sterling Planet Atlanta, GA
2013 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards
CHPP PROJECT LOCATION
Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany Albany, GA
National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC
Medical Area Total Energy Plant
Montefiore Medical Center
Boston, MA
New York City, NY
New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell ., „ ,„. ..„
Medical Center
New York University
Texas A&M University
New York City, NY
College Station, TX
CONTRIBUTING EPA CHPP PARTNERS
Chevron Energy Solutions, GE Power and Water
Aegis Energy Services, Ameresco
Siemens Energy, Veolia Energy North America
Solar Turbines
Dylan Associates, Gotham 360, Luthin Associates, NYSERDA,
Solar Turbines
Solar Turbines, SourceOne, Vanderweil Engineers
US Department of Energy, GE Power and Water, Jacobs
41
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
AWARDS
2013 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Projects and Partner of the Year Awards
PROJECTS AND PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Blue Ridge Renewable Energy Plant
Seminole Road Landfill Renewable Fuels Facility
Gaston County Solid Waste and Recycling Division
(2013 Community Partner of the Year)
Chambersburg, PA
Ellenwood, GA
Dallas, NC
2013 GreenChill Achievement Awards
SUPERIOR GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
Brookshire Grocery Company
Bruhler's Fresh Foods
Food Lion
King Kullen
Meijer Sweetbay
Weis Markets
EXCEPTIONAL GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
King Kullen
MOST IMPROVED EMISSIONS RATE
Buehler's Fresh Foods
BEST EMISSIONS RATE
Stater Bros. Supermarkets
BEST OF THE BEST
Whole Foods Market- Brooklyn, NY
STORE CERTIFICATION EXCELLENCE
(SUPERMARKET PARTNER)
Publix Super Markets
Sprouts Farmers Market
STORE CERTIFICATION EXCELLENCE
(NON-SUPERMARKET PARTNER)
Hillphoenix
STORE RE-CERTIFICATION EXCELLENCE
(SUPERMARKET PARTNER)
Food Lion-Columbia, SC
Publix Super Markets -Winter Haven, FL
Publix Super Markets - Suwanee, GA
Sprouts Farmers Market- San Diego, CA
Weis Markets - Hanover, PA
DISTINGUISHED PARTNER
Raley's
42
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AWARDS
APPENDIX
2013 Climate Leadership Award Winners
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP AWARD
Boulder County, Colorado
City of Austin, Texas
Intel
San Diego Unified Port District
Sonoma County Water Agency
INDIVIDUAL LEADERSHIP AWARD
T.J. DiCaprio, Senior Director, Carbon and Energy, Microsoft
Corporation
J. Wayne Leonard, Former Chairman and CEO of Entergy
Corporation (retired)
SUPPLY CHAIN LEADERSHIP AWARD
Cisco Systems, Inc.
IBM
San Diego Gas & Electric
EXCELLENCE IN GHG MANAGEMENT
(GOAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD)
Abbott Laboratories
CSX Transportation, Inc.
Limited Brands, Inc.
Office Depot
Raytheon Company
Staples, Inc.
Tiffany&Co.
Turner Construction Company
EXCELLENCE IN GHG MANAGEMENT
(GOAL SETTING CERTIFICATE)
Bank of America
Lockheed Martin Corporation
SAIC
S.C. Johnson &Son, Inc.
Wells Fargo and Company
43
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
APPENDIX B
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1. ENERGY STAR Annual Benefits Have More Than Quadrupled Since 2000 4
FIGURE 2. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions from OAP Climate Partnerships Exceed 419 MMTC02e in 2013 5
FIGURE 3. More Than 4.8 Billion ENERGY STAR Certified Products Purchased Since the Program Began 7
FIGURE 4. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States 10
FIGURES. More Than 1.5 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Label 12
FIGURE 6. 2013 Market Share for ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes by State 12
FIGURE 7. Home Performance With ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country in 2013 13
FIGURE 8. Cumulative Square Feet Benchmarked in Portfolio Manager 14
FIGURE 9. More Than 22,000 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Through 2013 15
FIGURE 10. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions by the Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs 18
FIGURE 11. Green Power Purchased and GHG Emissions Reductions 19
FIGURE 12. Natural Gas STAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions 21
FIGURE 13. AgSTAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions 22
FIGURE 14. LMOP Annual Methane Emissions Reduced and Carbon Dioxide Avoided 23
FIGURE 15. CMOP Annual Methane Emissions Reductions 25
FIGURE 16. VAIP Annual Emissions Reductions 27
FIGURE 17. EPS Annual Emissions Reductions 27
FIGURE 18. Utility Partners Across the United States are Participating with RAD 28
FIGURE 19. GreenChill Certified Stores in 2013 29
FIGURE 20. EPA Supports 50 Climate Showcase Communities 31
44
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APPENDIX
APPENDIX C
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. Summary of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs' Benefits and Goals (In Billions of 2013 Dollars and
MMTC02e) 3
TABLE 2. Summary of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs 6
TABLE 3. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2013 8
TABLE 4. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards with Product Specifications and Revisions 9
TABLES. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress 11
TABLE 6. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy 17
TABLE?. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share 20
TABLE 8. Overview of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs with Annual GHG Reductions and Program Goals 33
45
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2013 REPORT
APPENDIX D
REFERENCES
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, Climate Change Division,
Stratospheric Protection Division, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 2014. Partner and emissions data for 2013 provided by
individual programs within the Office of Atmospheric Programs.
DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability. 2014. "E-CAST 2013 Results
for Carbon and Energy Savings from the ENERGY STAR Program."
Technical Memorandum to EPA November 2014.
Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2014. Annual Energy Outlook
2014 with Projections to 2040. Office of Integrated and International
Energy Analysis. (DOE/EIA-0383ER(2014). April. Available online at
www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo.
Horowitz, Marvin J. 2014a. "Purchased Energy and Policy Impacts in
the U.S. Manufacturing Sector." Energy Efficiency, DOI 10.1007/s12053-
013-9200-3, February.
Horowitz, Marvin J., 2014b. "Technical Memorandum: Impact
Evaluation of ENERGY STARforthe Commercial Buildings Sector in
2013" to EPA January 2015.
Horowitz, Marvin J., 2014c. "Technical Memorandum: Impact
Evaluation of ENERGY STARforthe Industrial Sector in 2013" to EPA
January 2015.
Horowitz, M.J. 2007. "Changes in Electricity Demand in the United
States from the 1970s to 2003." The Energy Journal, Vol 28, Summer
(3):93-119.
Horowitz, M.J. 2001. "Economic Indicators of Market Transformation:
Energy Efficient Lighting and EPA's Green Lights." The Energy Journal,
Vol 22, Fall (4):95-122.
Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States
Government. 2013. Technical Support Document: Technical Update
of the Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under
Executive Order 12866. November. United States Government. Available
online atwww.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/inforeg/
technical-update-social-cost-of-carbon-for-regulator-impact-analysis.
pdf.
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team,
Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2014.
Table 1.1.9. Implicit Price Deflators for Gross Domestic Product. October
2014. Available online atwww.bea.gov/national/txt/dpga.txt.
U.S. EPA. 2014a. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
and Sinks: 1990-2012. Tables ES-7 and ES-8. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. U.S. EPA#430-R-14-003. April.
Available online atwww.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/
usinventoryreport.html.
U.S. EPA. 2014b. National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2013:
Analysis of 2012 CEE Household Survey. Office of Air and Radiation,
Climate Protection Partnerships Division. Available online at www.
energystar.gov/sites/default/uploads/abouVold/files/2013%20CEE%20
Report_508%20compliant.pdf.
U.S. Census Bureau. 2013. 2011 Annual Survey of Manufactures.
December. Available online atwww.census.gov/manufacturing/asm/
index.html.
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA430R13013
www.epa.gov
January 2015
Recycled/Recyclable Printed on paper containing 50% post consumer waste.
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