FY20I6
    EPA Budget in  Brief
United States Environmental Protection Agency
           www.epa.gov

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            United States Environmental Protection Agency
             Office of the Chief Financial Officer (27 I OA)
                Publication Number:  EPA-1 90-S-1 5-00 I
                              February 20 I 5
                              www.epa.gov

                 Printed with vegetable-oil-based inks and is
100-percent postconsumer recycled material, chlorine-free-processed and recyclable.

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                             Budget in Brief

                             Table of Contents

                                                                         PAGE

Overview 	1

Summary Resource Charts

   EPA's FY 2016 Budget by Goal	9
   EPA's FY2016 by Appropriation	10
   EPA's Resource History	11
   EPA's Resources by Major Category	12

Goals

   Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality	13
   Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters	25
   Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development	39
   Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution	53
   Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws
         and Assuring Compliance	61

Appendices

Program Projects by Program Area	73
EPA's Resources by Appropriation	83
Categorical Grants	85
State and Tribal Assistance Grants	87
Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2014 - FY 2016)	93
Infrastructure Financing	97
Trust Funds	101
Highlight of Major Budget Changes	105
List of Acronyms	114

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                                           Overview
                                            Mission

               The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect
               human health and the environment.
Budget in Brief Overview

The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect human health and the environment.
We achieve this by keeping pollution out of the air we breathe and the water we drink, fish, and swim in;
and harmful chemicals out of the food we eat and the lands where we build our homes and our communities.
The agency's FY 2016 budget request of $8.6 billion enables us to support a solid and focused dedication
to carrying out our mission and to build upon the EPA's unwavering commitment to all our communities.

The FY2016 budget request supports implementation of the EPA's priorities through  efforts to develop and
implement flexible, cost-effective,  common sense and sustainable actions to address climate change, to
make a visible difference in  our communities, to make progress in meeting water infrastructure needs, to
strengthen  our partnerships in environmental protection,  to protect public health, and to  safeguard the
environment. Today's environmental challenges require us to consider creative approaches to address the
complex interaction of pollutants,  ensure compliance with environmental laws, and efficiently utilize new
tools that promote innovation, incentives and  partnerships.

Cutting carbon pollution is essential to reducing the impact of climate change but it  is  one of the greatest
economic opportunities of the 21st century.  Investments in  pollution-reducing technologies  as well as
proven energy efficiency and clean energy solutions are investments in American jobs, American industries,
and Americans' health. The EPA's Clean Power Plan will help cut carbon  pollution from our largest source,
power plants. Investing now will lead to health and climate benefits worth an  estimated $55 billion to $93
billion in 2030, including avoiding 2,700 to 6,600 premature deaths and 140,000 to 150,000 asthma attacks
in children now and in future generations. In conjunction with the Clean Power Plan, the Administration is
proposing the Clean Power State Incentive Fund, which will provide up to $4 billion for states choosing to
go beyond  minimum requirements in the Clean Power Plan. The Fund will enable states that accelerate
their reductions from the power sector to receive resources for their heightened efforts. States could use
funds for a range of activities that advance or complement the Clean Power Plan.

Recognizing the importance of on-the-ground work, the EPA will focus resources across all our programs
to better support community environmental efforts, including  those in rural communities. The  EPA's FY
2016 budget strengthens the agency's long-standing focus on work that will benefit people's lives and the
wellbeing of their communities, advances environmental justice,  and ensures effective enforcement of
environmental laws. Using  an integrated  and multi-faceted  approach,  the  EPA will  help communities
address environmental concerns,  take advantage of advances in technology to detect pollution in their air
and water, and build capacity for follow-up activities that will visibly reduce  pollution and improve community
health and the environment. We will work to improve access for communities, individuals, businesses, and
federal, state, local, and  tribal governments to usable and understandable information so that they may
participate more fully as partners in managing human health and environmental risks in their communities.
EPA staff will be dedicated to work as a cross-agency, multi-media team to help communities identify the
correct environmental program to  address their needs. To further leverage  our partnerships and to  reach
more  communities, the EPA will work with non-governmental  organizations (NGO), academic and  other
institutions to support "circuit riders" to provide technical assistance to multiple communities on a variety of
issues, including climate resilience. A goal is to build and strengthen the adaptive capacity of communities,

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                                            Overview
with  a focus on those that are underserved,  through tools,  training, technical assistance,  data, and
information.

The EPA also will leverage existing grant programs like the Brownfields cooperative agreements and Tribal
Grants to support communities in their efforts to return contaminated lands to use and to build sustainable
communities and environmental programs tailored to fit community or tribal needs. The EPA is  continuing
work to improve the safety and security of chemical facilities and reduce the risks of hazardous chemicals
to facility workers and operators, communities, and responders. Together with communities, states and
federal partners, the  agency is strengthening preparedness, data management, and coordination. Tools
and technology will be an important part of ensuring that communities have the information they need to
respond to the risks of pollution in their neighborhoods. The EPA will ensure that our decisions take into
consideration the impacts on disadvantaged communities through increased analysis, better science, and
enhanced community engagement.

Access to clean and safe drinking water, as well as a reliable and effective wastewater system, is important
to every American. An aging water infrastructure system and  the increasing impacts of climate change
create opportunities and the need for innovation and a new approach. Water infrastructure includes the
pipes, drains, and concrete that carry drinking water, wastewater,  and stormwater and the systems are
costly and investments from multiple sources are necessary to address these needs. Building on the strong
funding level of $2.3 billion provided through the Clean Water and Drinking  Water State Revolving Funds,
$50 million is  included for technical  assistance, training,  and other efforts to enhance  the capacity  of
communities and states to plan and finance drinking water and wastewater infrastructure improvements.
The EPA will work with states and communities to promote innovative practices that advance water system
and community resiliency and sustainability. Dedicated funding through the Clean Water SRF will advance
green infrastructure activities such as  green  roofs, rain gardens, and wetlands which  can  help cost-
effectively meet Clean Water Act requirements and protect and restore the Nation's lakes and rivers. A new
water investment center will focus efforts on issues such as financial planning for future public infrastructure
investments; expanding work with  states  to identify financing  opportunities for small communities; and
enhancing partnership and collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on training, technical
assistance, and  funding opportunities in rural areas. The center is part of  the President's Build America
Investment Initiative  - a  government-wide effort to  increase  infrastructure investment and promote
economic growth by creating opportunities for state  and local governments and the private  sector  to
collaborate on infrastructure development.

Effective environmental protection is a joint effort and a priority of the EPA and its state and tribal partners.
The complex environmental challenges of today and the future  require a true partnership of co-regulators,
with the perspective of an  integrated "environmental protection enterprise"  for the country, as our shared
responsibility. In  FY 2016,  we are setting a high bar for continuing our partnership efforts with states and
tribes.  Recognizing the increasing  demands on limited federal, state,  and tribal resources, the budget
provides $1.2 billion in categorical State and Tribal Assistance Grant funding,  an increase of $108 million,
and opportunities for closer collaboration and targeted joint planning and governance processes. One
example of this focus is the commitment by the governmental co-regulators in the national environmental
protection enterprise to work collaboratively to streamline,  reform, and integrate our shared business
processes and practices through the E-Enterprise  approach.  Joint governance  serves to organize the
partnership, elevate its visibility, boost the capacity to coordinate, and help ensure the inclusiveness and
effectiveness of shared process and management improvements, which will yield the benefits of increased
transparency, efficiency, and burden  reduction  for communities, businesses,  and government agencies
when implemented.  Additionally, the Clean Power  Plan implementation propels the  extensive and
unprecedented work with states,  tribes,  and  territories to develop necessary infrastructure, provide

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                                           Overview
technical assistance, and build capacity. Success will result from states using the significant flexibility they
have to tailor their plans using a variety of approaches, such as through energy efficiency and renewable
energy measures and through multi-state plans.

The EPA is an accountable steward of taxpayer resources and strives to deliver environmental protection
in the most efficient way. The EPA continues to implement business process changes designed to create
greater programmatic effectiveness and efficiency in collaboration with our state and tribal partners. The
EPA's work is  guided by the best possible scientific information and a commitment to transparency and
accountability.

To learn more about how the agency accomplishes its mission, including information on the
organizational structure and  regional offices, see: http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/.
                               FY 2016 Annual Performance Plan

The EPA's FY 2016 Annual Performance Plan and Budget of $8.6 billion is $452 million above the FY 2015
Enacted Budget of $8.2 billion1. The FY 2016 budget proposes carefully selected investments and steady
implementation that build on the foundation laid by earlier choices and the discipline imposed. To provide
an impetus towards a renewed focus on top priorities, the agency has positioned our programs and partners
to most efficiently utilize critical resources to positively impact the American economy, local, state and tribal
communities. In FY2016, we remain focused  on our priorities in: addressing climate change and improving
air quality; taking action on toxics and chemical safety; protecting water; maintaining core enforcement
strength; supporting state, tribal  and  local partnerships; strengthening the  EPA as a  high performing
organization; and working toward  a sustainable future. The agency requests  15,034 appropriated FTE in
FY 2016 to support our highest priorities and  our critical mission.

The EPA's FY 2014-2018 Strategic Plan guides this  budget and the choices made reflect performance
results and related data. The EPA's FY2014 performance information is highlighted throughout the budget.

                             FY 2014 - 2015 Agency Priority Goals

This budget highlights  EPA's six FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority Goals that advance the agency priorities
and the  agency's Strategic Plan. Additional information on the EPA's Agency Priority Goals can be found
at www.performance.gov and in subsequent chapters in this document.

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks
Through September 30, 2015,  EPA, in coordination with  Department of  Transportation's fuel economy
standards program, will be implementing vehicle  and truck greenhouse gas (GHG) standards that are
projected to reduce GHG emissions by 6 billion metric tons and reduce oil consumption by about 12 billion
barrels over the lifetime of the affected vehicles and trucks.

Clean up contaminated sites to enhance the livability and economic vitality of communities
By September 30, 2015,  an  additional 18,970 sites will be made ready  for anticipated useT protecting
Americans and the environment one community at  a time.
 FY 2015 Enacted includes a $40 million rescission to State and Tribal Assistance Grants

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                                           Overview
Assess and reduce risks posed by chemicals and promote the use of safer chemicals in commerce
By September 30, 2015, EPA will have completed  more than 250 assessments of pesticides and other
commercially available chemicals to evaluate risks they may pose to human health and the environment,
including the potential for some of these chemicals to disrupt endocrine systems. These assessments are
essential in determining whether products containing these chemicals can be used safely for commercial,
agricultural, and/or industrial uses.

Improve environmental outcomes and enhance service to the regulated community and the public
By September 30, 2015 reduce EPA reporting requirements by one million hours through streamlined
regulations, providing real-time environmental data to at least two communities, and establish a new portal
to service the regulated community and public.

Improve, restore, and maintain water quality by enhancing nonpoint source  program leveraging,
accountability, and on-the-ground effectiveness to address the nation's largest sources of pollution
By September 30,  2015,  100 percent of the  states  will have updated nonpoint source management
programs that  comport with the new Section 319 grant  guidelines that will result in better targeting of
resources through prioritization and increased coordination with USDA.

Improve public  health protection for persons served  by small drinking water  systems,  which
account for more than 97%  of public water systems in the U.S., by strengthening the technical,
managerial, and financial capacity of those systems
By September 30, 2015, EPA will engage with an additional ten states (for 30 total states) and three tribes
to improve small drinking water system capability to provide safe drinking water, an invaluable resource.

                                  FY 2016 Funding Priorities

Addressing Climate Change  and  Improving Air Quality

One of the most significant challenges for this and future generations is the threat from a changing climate.
The FY 2016 budget prioritizes climate change and reflects the President's 2013 Climate Action Plan. On
June 2, 2014, the EPA proposed  the Clean Power Plan establishing carbon pollution standards for existing
power plants. The Clean Power Plan is President Obama's top priority for the EPA and the central element
of the US domestic climate mitigation agenda. These proposed  standards reflect the EPA's extensive
outreach to and listening sessions with its stakeholders — the regulations will reflect innovative approaches
and flexibility for achieving solutions. The flexibility reflects extensive and unprecedented work with  states,
tribes, and territories to develop necessary infrastructure,  provide technical assistance, and build capacity
to ensure successful plan implementation.  In support of the critical role of the states, $25 million is provided
in grants to help build capacity to assist in this vital effort.

While EPA is making significant progress addressing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,  further efforts are
required to  put the country on an emissions trajectory consistent with the  President's long-term climate
goals. There are significant non-regulatory opportunities for GHG  mitigation that can  be achieved  by
leveraging synergies across existing EPA voluntary climate mitigation  activities in waste and water. In
addition to GHG reductions, these efforts can create jobs, increase tax revenue, and reduce energy demand
and to enhance these existing efforts, the agency  is  providing $2.2  million. These efforts will generate
substantial  GHG  reductions  and result in  significant related benefits such as waste reduction and water
savings. Activities will  include accelerating the  recycling  rate of municipal  solid waste (MSW), and
expanding results driven programs such as Water Sense, E3 (Economy, Energy, Environment), and Green

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                                           Overview
Chemistry. For example, MSW recycling is a cost-effective GHG reduction strategy that results in job and
tax revenue creation. To date, WaterSense has helped consumers save nearly 800 billion gallons of water
and over $14 billion in water/energy bills. These funds are in addition to $5 million provided for states in the
wetlands program for work on Blue Carbon capture.

Since the  passage  of  the Clean  Air Act Amendments in 1990, nationwide  air quality has improved
significantly. Air rules have the highest estimated benefits across the federal government. Addressing state
implementation  plans (SIPs), permitting needs, state permit oversight, enforcement,  and new demands
from climate work results is a  significant workload. As required by the Clean Air Act, the EPA also regularly
reviews the National Ambient  Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the science on which they are based and
each standard that is updated requires  on the ground work. To reduce air pollution, the  EPA also sets
standards  for industrial categories and  establishes national  emission standards for vehicles. To avoid
creating delays  in the permit  process and to address the SIP  backlog, the agency is focusing additional
FTE on base air regulatory implementation work to meet the increasing workload.

Making a Visible Difference in Communities across the Country

Many communities are facing  multiple pollution problems and are looking for integrated or holistic solutions.
To improve the  health of American families and protect the environment across the country, the EPA has
been focusing the work of diverse programs  across the agency at the community level for several years.
This work is a priority and a key element  of our coordination with other federal agencies, states, tribes, and
stakeholders. Recognizing how important this integrated, on-the-ground approach is to communities, the
EPA is allocating  over $41 million  in extramural funding to a multifaceted effort enabling communities -
including small,  disadvantaged, and rural communities - to find needed assistance and support for capacity
building, planning, and  implementation.  Efforts will  help communities adopt green infrastructure, provide
technical assistance for building resilience and  adapting to climate change, and empower communities to
understand and address environmental impacts through advanced monitoring technology and smart tools.
In response to feedback from communities, this budget proposes to  bolster the agency's cross-program
capacity and  expertise  to more comprehensively enable communities  facing  multiple  problems to find
assistance and  support from the EPA  and  other partners to help them reduce  pollution and  improve
community health and the environment.

Adaptation and  resiliency to the effects of climate change constitute a significant emerging challenge for
communities.  Local  leaders make  many decisions  to address climate change impacts. However, many
small communities lack the capacity to build  resilience to climate change and have expressed a need for
technical assistance to integrate climate  adaptation planning into their work. While the  EPA does not have
the capacity to provide technical assistance to every community, EPA is proposing to build a cadre of "circuit
riders"  through NGOs, academia and other organizations to provide this assistance, working cross-media
with  a focus on  improving adaptation and resiliency. In FY 2016, the EPA dedicates $2.0 million to create
this network of  "circuit  riders" to provide on the ground assistance, with the  ultimate goal to build and
strengthen  the  adaptive  capacity of communities  through  the provision of tools, training, technical
assistance, data, and information.

The  EPA currently provides a range of  resources to communities  including grants, contracts, and tools,
along with numerous community-focused programs  in areas such as planning,  infrastructure, remediation,
and land-use. We recognize that the  EPA's program-specific organizational structure may make it difficult
for communities - especially  those that are smaller, rural, and/or overburdened - to understand, access,
and utilize the wide  range of resources  and  expertise that are available to support them and help them

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                                           Overview
develop their own solutions. To address this concern, in FY 2016, the EPA proposes to provide each EPA
regional office with two cross-agency, multi-media Community Resource Coordinators (20 FTE total) along
with $5 million  in resources to assist communities. These coordinators will work as a multi-media team to
facilitate access to EPA programs and resources for overburdened and vulnerable communities.

Various factors, such as a large number of pollution sources in overburdened communities,  may create
significant environmental and human health issues. For example, hazardous and non-hazardous wastes
on land can migrate to air, groundwater, and surface water, contaminating drinking water supplies, causing
acute illnesses and chronic diseases, and threatening ecosystems. In FY 2016, the EPA will direct $4.5
million and 12  FTE in an Advanced Monitoring technology investment that will provide communities with
monitors and greater access to environmental data. This investment recognizes that monitoring technology
must often be combined with capacity building within communities, data sharing, and appropriate follow up
activities to fully empower communities to take action to improve their health and environment by reducing
and mitigating the risks from pollution.

The EPA has made significant investments in tools to support its expansive work in communities and share
best practices.  For example, the EPA will allocate $1.175 million to support the advancement of tools that
can help  communities make  decisions  about  green infrastructure in a  way that  realizes  multiple
environmental and community benefits. These tools will ultimately improve data and  information to assist
the EPA with comprehensive information about communities,  local decision-making and  locally driven
actions. These tools will also complement other proposed community assistance efforts by reaching a much
broader range  of communities than is feasible with direct technical assistance. In FY 2016, the EPA will
continue  supporting all communities through work to assess,  cleanup and restore land  through all its
cleanup programs.

Leveraging Technology

The EPA is at the beginning of a transformative stage in information management, where there will be new
and enhanced  tools and technologies that will greatly  improve  the EPA's internal analytic capability and
transparency of projects - with the added benefit of allowing the public to do much more with the EPA's
data. This is not an effort just to save money; the EPA is looking toward the future for ways to serve the
American people better. These efforts include new and enhanced ways to gather data, conduct analysis,
perform data visualization and use "big data" to explore and address environmental, business, and public
policy challenges. EPA has allocated $5 million and 2 FTE to continue pilot projects to explore the benefits
of large-scale data analytics initiatives. By looking at environmental problems and opportunities in a holistic
manner, EPA can identify cross media impacts, leading to creative and more efficient solutions.

E-Enterprise supports agency priorities and $15.7 million is provided for state grants to support their role in
this important effort to modernize and reduce burden. The EPA is allocating $5.3  million and 4 FTE to
provide inspectors with modern mobile tools, greatly increasing efficiency that will allow them to prepare,
perform, and analyze the results of inspections on site. Leveraging technology will enable the agency to
move from a paper-based evidence gathering process to a digitally based rapid electronic process that will
assist in identification of patterns of problems, compile inspection results in a more timely way, increase
transparency on compliance status, and allow for quicker responses where appropriate. The EPA will work
with our state partners to identify the most promising opportunities to leverage system improvements.

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                                           Overview
Maintaining a Forward Looking and Adaptive EPA

In FY 2016, the Agency will continue to seek opportunities to develop and enhance the EPA's workforce
and business processes. Declining resources and a shrinking workforce make it imperative that the EPA
continue to transform itself through improved business practices, more effectively utilizing technology, and
ensuring its workforce is properly equipped and trained. It is especially  important to promote and instill a
culture of  continuous business  process improvement using tools  like Lean principles.  EPA is equipping
employees to use Lean methods to streamline processes across all agency programs. Lean efforts to date
have  resulted  in weeks  and months  of time as well as  resources  saved through changes to internal
administrative functions and in EPA-State processes.

The Agency also continues to review space needs and  is implementing a long-term space consolidation
plan that will reduce the  number of occupied facilities, consolidate space within remaining facilities, and
reduce square footage wherever practical. In just the last couple of years, the EPA released over 225
thousand square feet of space at headquarters and facilities nationwide,  resulting in annual rent avoidance
of $8.3 million. The  FY 2016  Budget doubles down on this  success with a $15 million package of
investments in select consolidation projects across EPA's program offices and laboratory facilities. These
projects will capture significant cost savings and help to offset EPA's escalating rent and security costs.

Another key component of EPA's effort to enhance agency effectiveness as a forward looking organization
is legal support. Expanding legal workload have overloaded the legal  counselling staff in the regional and
general counsel offices. Over the last  five years, the number of lawsuits EPA counselling attorneys have
handled during a year has more than doubled, increasing from approximately 240 in 2009 to well  over 500
in 2013. In addition to the increase in the number of cases, the complexity of the cases - and  the risks to
the agency's efforts to protect human  health and the environment  - have steadily increased. In FY 2016,
the EPA is dedicating 23.8 FTE, including 17 in  the regional offices to manage growing legal workload and
be more responsive to requests  from states, facilities seeking permits, and citizens. Additional FTE allow
attorneys to improve the timeliness of counselling, to devote more time to non-litigation counselling efforts,
and to work to improve the defensibility of EPA's actions.

Taking Action on Toxics and Chemical Safety

Chemicals and toxic substances are ubiquitous in our everyday lives and products. We use them in the
production of everything from our homes and cars to the cell phones we carry  and  the food we  eat.
Chemicals often are released into the  environment as a result of their manufacture, processing,  use, and
disposal. Vulnerable populations, including  low-income,  minority, and indigenous populations, as well as
children, may be disproportionately affected by, and thus particularly at  risk from, exposure to chemicals.
Keeping communities safe and healthy  requires action  to reduce  risks associated  with exposure to
chemicals in commerce, our indoor and outdoor environments, and products and food.  The EPA will also
continue to implement its Enhanced Chemicals  Management approach, which expands  and enhances the
amount, accessibility, and usefulness of chemical safety information, improving the ability of the EPA, other
regulators, and the  public to assess chemical hazards and potential exposures, identify potential risks, and
take appropriate risk  management action. Continuing to oversee the introduction  and  use of pesticides,
improve our Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program, conduct risk assessments for chemicals
already in commerce, expand the use of computational toxicology and other computer-based solutions,
identify and address  children's  health risks in  schools and homes, and improve chemical management

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                                           Overview
practices will remain of central relevance to the EPA's mission, including maintaining incentive-based efforts
and research to promote green chemistry.
Protecting Water

While much progress to improve water quality has been made over the last two decades, America's waters
remain imperiled from increased demand, land use practices, population growth, aging infrastructure, and
the impacts of climate change.  Preserving and restoring the integrity of these waters is critical not only for
protecting human health and the environment but also  for property values, tourism, recreational and
commercial fishing,  hunting,  and other economic considerations. The EPA will continue its partnerships
with other federal agencies,  states, tribes,  municipalities, and private parties to address these complex
challenges through  a combination of traditional and  innovated strategies, such  as promoting green
infrastructure and sustainable solutions, building resiliency, developing new targeting tools, developing and
implementing nutrient limits, along with our core water quality work.

In FY 2016, the agency is requesting $2.3 billion for the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving
Funds (SRFs), continuing the funding levels provided in FY 2015. Since their inception, the SRFs have
been capitalized by  over $61 billion, and  over $25 billion since 2009. Building on the strong funding level
for the SRFs, $50 million is  included for technical  assistance, training, and other efforts to enhance the
capacity  of communities and states to plan and finance drinking water and wastewater  infrastructure
improvements.

The surface water program will  refocus our work to support the agency priorities of protecting communities
and addressing  climate change. The  FY  2016 investment in  the  EPA's multimedia greenhouse gas
mitigation strategy, for example, will expand the successful WaterSense program, a voluntary partnership
program that labels high-performing, water-efficient products. The WaterSense program has, to date, saved
nearly 800 billion gallons of water and over $14 billion in water/energy bills. In addition, $5 million in state
grant funding is provided in the wetlands program for grants awarded competitively for efforts to increase
climate resilience by protecting  and enhancing coastal wetlands FY2016.

Launching a New Era of State, Tribal, and Local Partnerships

Supporting our state and tribal partners, the  primary implementers of environmental programs on the
ground, is a  long-held priority of the EPA. Funding  to states and tribes in the State and Tribal Assistance
Grants (STAG) account continues to be the  largest  percentage of the EPA's budget request,  at 42 percent
in FY 2016. The FY 2016 Budget provides a $108 million increase to funding levels for Categorical grants
compared to the FY 2015 Enacted Budget. This increase recognizes the critical needs of our partners and
the need  to leverage our limited resources to deliver environmental protection to all Americans.

                                      Eliminated Programs

The EPA continues to examine  its programs to find those that have served their purpose and accomplished
their mission. The FY 2016  President's  Budget eliminates a number of programs totaling  nearly $44.4
million including Beaches Protection categorical grants,  State  Indoor Radon grants, Targeted Airshed
grants, and Water Quality Research and Support grants. Details  are found in the appendix to the EPA FY
2016 Congressional Justification.

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                              Summary Resource Charts
                 Environmental Protection Agency's
                        FY 2016 Budget by Goal

                          Total Agency: $8,592 Million
           • Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality

           D Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters

           • Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development

           • Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution

           • Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring
             Compliance
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding.

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                             Summary Resource Charts
                Environmental Protection Agency's
                  FY 2016 Budget by Appropriation
                         Total Agency: $8,592 Million
                                   SF
                               $1,154 M
                                 13.4%
           LUST
           $95 M
           1.1%
                          E-Manifest
                             $7M
                             0.1%
         • Science & Technology
         • E-Manifest
         D Buildings & Facilities
         D Hazardous Substance Superfund
         D State & Tribal Assistance Grants
• Environmental Programs & Management
• Inspector General
D Inland Oil Spill Programs
D Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding.
                                      10

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                               Summary Resource Charts



             EPA's Enacted Budget FY2004 to 2016
                                    (Dollars in Billions)
    o
    m
10.0 -
$8.0
$6.0
$4.0 -
$2.0 -
a President's Budget
$8.4
$8.0
$7.6

$7.7

$7.5 $7.6


$10.3
1
m Enacted Budgets
$8.7
$8.5
1
$7.9
$8.2
$8.1
$8.6
FY 2016 President's Budget
             2004   2005  2006   2007  2008  2009   2010  2011   2012  2013   2014   2015  2016

                                            Fiscal Year
     Notes:
     All agency totals include applicable rescission.
     FY 2006 Enacted excludes Hurricane Katrina Relief supplemental funding.
     FY 2009 Enacted excludes ARRA funding.
     FY 2013 Enacted excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental funding.
                      EPA's FTE* Ceiling History
    18,500
UJ
           2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   2015   2016

                                          Fiscal Year
* FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the equivalent number of
hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees.
Reimbursable FTE are included.
                                           11

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                                    Summary Resource Charts
                      Environmental Protection Agency's
                           Resources by Major Category
                                        (Dollars in Billions)
                                   D Infrastructure Financing

                                   • Trust Funds

                                   B Operating Budget

                                   13 Categorical Grants
   $12.0
   $10.0
    $8.0 --
    $6.0
    $4.0
    $2.0
    $0.0
           2007    2008    2009    2010    2011     2012    2013    2014    2015    2016
            EN      EN      EN      EN       EN      EN      EN      EN      EN      PB

Notes:
Totals may not add due to rounding
The Operating Budget includes funding provided for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2009 Enacted reflects a $10 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2009 Enacted excludes ARRA funding
FY 2010 Enacted reflects a $40 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2011 Enacted reflects a 0.2% rescission and $140 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2012 Enacted reflects a 0.16% rescission and $50 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2013 Enacted reflects operating levels after sequestration and excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriation of $608 M
       Reflects a 0.2% rescission and $50 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2014 Enacted does not have a rescission
FY 2015 Enacted reflects a $40M rescission to prior year funds
           $7.7     $7.5     $7.6
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                  Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality


     Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality

Strategic Goal: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop
adaptation strategies to address climate change, and protect and improve
air quality.
                                                 Resource Summary
                                                    (Dollars in Thousands)

1
2
13.0% of Budget
- Address Climate Change
- Improve Air Quality
FY 2014
Enacted
$189,470
$744,419
FY2015
Enacted
$190,665
$751,499
FY2016
President's
Budget
$279,470
$777,206
Difference
FY 201 5 EN
to FY 201 6
PresBud
$88,805
$25,707
3 - Restore and Protect the Ozone
Layer
4 - Minimize Exposure to Radiation
Goal 1 Total
Workyears
$16,799
$34,365
$985,053
2,526
$16,694
$33,841
$992,698
2,501
$17,180
$39,015
$1,112,870
2,606
$486
$5,174
$120,172
105
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Introduction

To protect public  health and the environment, the  EPA is dedicated to protecting and improving the
quality of the nation's air. Significant air pollution concerns include climate change, outdoor and indoor air
quality, stratospheric ozone depletion, and radiation exposure. To address these concerns, the agency
continues to partner with states, tribes, and local governments to implement programs and standards.

Scientific consensus shows that as a result of human activities,  greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere are at record high levels. Data show that the Earth has been warming over the past 100
years  with the steepest increase in warming evident in  recent decades.1 Consequences of  human-
induced climate change pose immediate and significant concerns,  including rising sea levels that threaten
coastal cities in the U.S. and around the world, increasing ocean temperatures, acidification, which affects
the oceans' ability to sustain life, and changing precipitation  patterns which can lead to more intense
droughts and greater numbers of wildfires. Severe heat waves  and extreme weather events are projected
to intensify and occur more frequently leading to mortalities and  sickness. Eventually, more Americans
are likely to be affected by certain  diseases that thrive in areas with higher temperatures and greater
precipitation, including pest-borne diseases, as well as food and water-borne pathogens. The costs of
1 US EPA. 2014 Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2014
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/pdfs/climateindicators-full-2014.pdf
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                      Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
these climate change impacts include increased hospital visits, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases,
and even premature death - especially for certain vulnerable populations like the elderly, and children.

Since passage of the Clean  Air Act Amendments  (CAAA) in  1990, nationwide air quality has improved
significantly. From 2003 to 2012, population-weighted ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter
and ozone have decreased 26 percent and 13 percent, respectively. However, even with this progress, in
2012, approximately 45 percent of the U.S. population lived in counties with air that did not meet health-
based standards for at least one pollutant. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of certain air pollutants
has been  associated with increased risk of  cancer, premature mortality,  and damage to the immune,
neurological,  reproductive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems.  Short-term exposure to elevated
levels of certain air pollutants can  exacerbate asthma and  lead to other adverse health effects and
economic costs, such as missed workdays.

The air issues of  highest importance facing  the agency  over the next few years  will  continue to be
greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and  climate change  adaptation, ozone,  and particulate air pollution.
The EPA uses a variety of approaches to address these challenges including traditional regulatory tools;
innovative  market-based techniques;   public-  and  private-sector  partnerships;  community-based
approaches; and  programs that encourage adoption of cost-effective technologies and  practices. For
example, in FY 2014 the agency convened  its first ever National Ports Summit,  attracting over 200
participants, including Environmental Justice  community representatives,  to identify  actions the agency
can take to protect community  air quality while supporting economic growth. This  forum provided the
opportunity for professionals, experts and stakeholders to share ideas on how to address the  challenges
faced by our nation's ports and neighboring communities. Also, in FY 2014 the agency issued its first-ever
tribes-only Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Request for  Proposals for funding  to lower diesel
exhaust exposure  on Tribal  lands. This dedicated  source of additional funding will provide  immediate
health benefits to Tribal communities.

The EPA will continue to address the impacts  of climate change through careful, cost-effective  rulemaking
and partnership programs that focus on  the largest entities and encourage businesses and consumers to
limit unnecessary greenhouse  gas emissions. The President's Climate  Action Plan frames  the  EPA's
strategies to address climate change, and, among other  initiatives, tasks the EPA with addressing GHGs
from power plants. On June 2, 2014, the EPA proposed state-specific goals to lower carbon pollution from
existing fossil fuel-fired power plants and guidelines to help the states develop their plans for meeting the
goals. The standards for  existing sources will result in carbon pollution from the power sector that is 30
percent lower by 2030 (compared to  2005 emission  levels).2 In 2012, the electricity sector was  the largest
source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for about one-third of the U.S. total.

                                        Agriculture
                                           10%

                           Commercial &
                            Residential
                               10%
                   Figure 1: 2012 Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector
 79 FR 34832 (June 18, 2014)
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                   Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
The rules and guidelines are to be finalized in the summer of 2015 and the EPA will continue to engage in
intensive and extensive outreach to states, stakeholders, and the public and provide essential technical
guidance to the states as they develop their plans. The EPA is also undertaking rulemakings to set
carbon standards for new and modified fossil fuel power plants.

The transportation sector is the second largest source of greenhouse gases, and the EPA has made
great  progress creating a foundation for continuous  improvement in emissions  reduction  technology.
Working  with the National Highway Transportation  Safety Administration  (NHTSA),  the  agency is
developing  Phase 2 GHG  and fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty vehicles, which will be  proposed in
March 2015 and are expected to be finalized  in March 2016.  The EPA, also in coordination with NHTSA,
supports implementation and compliance with the GHG emission standards for light-duty and heavy-duty
vehicles including the  NHTSA Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)  standards that have already
been  adopted. The national program of fuel economy and GHG standards  for  model year 2012 through
2025  light-duty vehicles will save approximately 12 billion barrels of oil and prevent 6 billion metric tons of
GHG  emissions over the lifetimes of the vehicles sold through model year 2025,  one of  the Agency
Priority Goals. In  model year 2025, the EPA and NHTSA standards will require  average fuel economy for
cars and light trucks of approximately 54.5 miles to the gallon, a significant increase from current average
vehicle fuel efficiency.3 The EPA also will continue to implement the Renewable  Fuels program, which
requires an increasing percentage  of vehicle fuel sold in the U.S. to be from renewable sources.

The   EPA  also  will  promote  the  use  of low global warming  potential  (GWP)  alternatives  to
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) through application of  the Significant  New  Alternatives  Policy (SNAP)
program. Specifically, the EPA will use authority under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to list more
environmentally friendly alternatives  with lower GWPs, and review existing SNAP listings  to  consider
whether any change to the status of currently  acceptable higher-GWP alternatives is appropriate.

Industry, commercial and  residential and agriculture sectors also offer opportunities for GHG reductions.
The EPA will continue to implement non-regulatory climate change programs that work with key industry
sectors to reduce greenhouse gases and facilitate energy-efficiency improvements. As an  example, in
2013,  the  ENERGY  STAR  program  upgraded  its  Portfolio Manager tool,  the  industry-leading
benchmarking tool used by more than 325,000 commercial buildings—nearly 40% of the nation's building
space—to measure, track, assess and report on energy and water consumption. By the end  of 2013,
more  than 23,000 buildings and plants representing more than 3 billion square  feet of space had earned
the ENERGY STAR  label. These top performers demonstrate that it is possible to emit 35% fewer GHG
emissions than typical facilities while delivering financial value to an organization. At the community level,
Claiborne Elementary School in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, won the 2014 annual ENERGY STAR National
Building Competition: Battle of the Buildings. Teams from more than 3,000 buildings across the country
spent the past year competing to  obtain the  greatest reduction in energy use, the Baton  Rouge school
won by cutting its energy use nearly in half.

The EPA also operates several voluntary programs that promote cost-effective reductions of methane, an
especially potent greenhouse gas when released  into the atmosphere.  The AgSTAR  program is a
collaboration between  the EPA and  the Department of Agriculture that focuses  on  methane  emission
reductions from livestock waste management operations through biogas recovery systems. The Natural
Gas STAR  Program spurs the adoption of cost-effective technologies and practices that reduce  methane
emissions from the oil and natural gas sector through  a collaborative partnership with companies. The
EPA also will develop regulatory  approaches to cost-effectively reduce methane from the  oil  and gas
production sector, as part  of the methane strategy under the President's Climate Action Plan  and helping
to achieve the Administrations' goal of reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector  by 40-45
percent from 2012 levels by 2025.
3 US EPA. Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends:
1975-2013
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fetrends.htm
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                      Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
The  agency also improves ambient  air quality through  its programs that address criteria pollutants,
including ground-level ozone and  particulate matter. As required by the  CAA, the EPA  periodically
reviews the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the science on which they are based.
The EPA also sets standards for industrial categories that cause, or significantly contribute to, air pollution
that may endanger public health or welfare.

At the local level, ozone or particulate  matter (PM2.5) exceedances of the EPA's air quality standards can
sometimes cause "code red,"  or unhealthy air quality, days to occur. During code red days, outside
activity for sensitive populations should be curtailed. The EPA's air quality standards have helped reduce
these occurrences on a  local level. As an example, air quality has improved in the DC area, which had
zero code red days in 2014 -down from a high of 20 in 1998.4

The EPA's air toxic control programs are critical to continued progress in reducing public health risks and
improving the quality of the environment. The EPA will continue to focus efforts on communities with
greater  levels  of industrial and mobile source activity (e.g., near ports or distribution areas), which,
according to the  2005  National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment  (NATA),  often have  greater cumulative
exposure to air toxics than non-industrial areas. The air toxics emissions standards must be reviewed
every eight years to determine if additional emission control technologies exist,  and the EPA has a
number of rulemakings underway to propose more effective emission control technologies based on the
reviews. This past year the agency published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to update air
toxics standards for petroleum  refineries, which included first-ever proposed requirements for fence-line
monitoring. This common sense approach allows the agency and local communities to better understand
the  risks to neighborhoods  located  near  refineries.  If finalized, this  rule will ensure that proposed
standards are  being met and  that  neighboring  communities  are not  being exposed to  unintended
emissions.

The  EPA continues to implement its  indoor air quality and radiation programs.  Because people spend
much of their lives indoors, the quality of indoor air is a major concern. For example, indoor allergens and
irritants  play a significant role in making asthma worse and triggering asthma attacks. Over 25 million
Americans currently have asthma, which annually accounts for over 500,000 hospitalizations, more than
10 million missed school days,  and over $50 billion in economic costs.5 In addition, radon, a naturally
occurring yet toxic gas  when it accumulates in indoor areas, causes an estimated  21,000 lung cancer
deaths annually in the  U.S.6 The  agency works  with its non-governmental, federal,  state, and local
partners to educate, encourage, and equip individuals, schools, industry, the health care community, and
others to take action to reduce health risks from poor indoor  air quality, especially as they  relate to
asthma  triggers and radon. This past year the agency completed a  10-year effort to build  capacity at
national, state, and local levels to address environmental asthma management by directly training 45,700
healthcare  professionals.  These  professionals now possess greater expertise  and  awareness  of
environmental factors that trigger asthma and will be better able to address this major problem in our
nation's communities.

In addition, the agency measures and  monitors ambient radiation and radioactive materials and assesses
radioactive contamination in the environment. The  agency also  supports federal radiological  emergency
response and recovery operations under the National  Response Framework (NRF) and the National Oil
and Hazardous  Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP).
4 Washington Post, October 3, 2014. See http://www.washinqtonpost.com/bloqs/capital-weather-
qanq/wp/2014/10/03/d-c-air-qualitv-iust-keeps-qettinq-better-zero-code-red-days-in-2014/
5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011, May). Asthma in the U.S. Vital Signs. Retrieved
from http://cdc.qov/vitalsiqns/asthma.
6 U.S. EPA, 2003. EPA's Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes.  EPA 402-R-03-003. Available at
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/assessment/402-r-03-003.pdf.
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                   Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Major FY 2016 Changes

Goal 1 resources and  FTE have been targeted to address climate change and  enhance ongoing air
quality and radiation work, building on progress to date to advance priorities in FY 2016. In implementing
these changes, we will increase  effectiveness and efficiency while advancing  environmental and public
health  protection. While  continuing the EPA's ongoing commitment to science,  the rule of law, and
transparency, the agency has updated and refined its current research direction to maximize its utility and
guide the agenda in the months and years ahead.

Address Climate Change
The  FY  2016  budget prioritizes climate  action  and  reflects our commitment  to implementing the
President's 2013 Climate Action Plan. The  broad based plan will cut greenhouse gas pollution that
contributes to  climate change  and affects public  health, and  support  activities to facilitate  necessary
adaptation to the impacts of climate change.

Key elements of the Climate Action Plan that the EPA's work supports include:

•   Cutting carbon pollution from  new and existing power plants
•   Establishing CO2 emission standards and  supporting increased fuel economy standards for heavy-
    duty vehicles
•   Cutting energy waste in homes, businesses, and factories
•   Reducing methane and HFC emissions
•   Helping to prepare the country to address  the impacts of climate change
•   Leading international efforts to address climate  change, including supporting efforts to control HFCs
    under the Montreal Protocol

Power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States, making up roughly
one-third of all domestic GHG  emissions.  On June 2, 2014, the EPA proposed the Clean Power Plan,
which will establish carbon pollution standards for existing power plants. The Clean Power Plan provides
states  with  significant  flexibility  to tailor  their carbon pollution reduction  plans  to their own  unique
circumstances using a variety of approaches,  such as energy efficiency and renewable energy measures,
as well as multi-state plans that build on cooperation and innovation. As  a result, state plan development,
review and approval will  be complex. In FY 2016, the agency will focus existing  resources and invest new
resources to support states as they develop their plans. Resources will be focused both  in the regional
offices to provide tailored, state-specific assistance and in headquarters where technical experts will
develop guidance and other resources that are sector-wide in  scope and address questions  that affect
overall implementation of the plan. In addition to increased resources for EPA activities, the agency is
requesting an increase in categorical grants to states as they work toward deliverables in FY 2016 and
beyond.

In conjunction with  the Clean Power Plan,  the Administration is  proposing  the Clean Power State
Incentive Fund, which will provide up to $4 billion  states that commit to exceed minimum requirements
established in the Clean Power  Plan for the  timing and extent of carbon pollution reductions from the
power  sector. The Fund will enable states that accelerate their reductions and go beyond  the Clean
Power Plan to  receive funds  for, but  not limited  to, efforts that  advance carbon pollution reductions.
Efforts may  include providing assistance to businesses to expand energy efficiency, renewable energy,
and combined heat  and power through, for example, low-interest loans and infrastructure  investments.
Efforts could also include mitigation  or adaptation support to address environmental pollution in low
income and underserved communities.

In FY 2016, consistent with the  President's Climate  Action Plan, the EPA plans to finalize a second phase
of GHG standards for post Model Year 2018 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. This second phase of
regulations will  build  upon the  success of the first phase and will offer further opportunities to  reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, decrease the nation's oil use, and  benefit consumers  and  business by
                                               17

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                      Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
reducing the cost of transporting goods while spurring job growth and innovation in  the clean energy
technology sector. The agency also committed to perform, in coordination with NHTSA  and the California
Air Resources Board (GARB),  a  Midterm Evaluation  of  the  Model Year 2022-2025 light-duty  GHG
standards. To support the Midterm Evaluation,  in FY 2016 the agency is performing  a comprehensive
feasibility evaluation of advanced technologies.

As the nation prepares for and responds to the impacts of a changing climate, communities face a host of
challenges such as rising sea levels, droughts, wildfires, and extreme weather events. Local communities
will need substantial support  and  guidance in  order to adapt  to these new  realities. In  FY 2016, the
agency will be supported by 20 FTE serving as  Community Resource Coordinators working cross-media
to provide on-the-ground  technical  assistance to multiple communities, including working with external
partners such as local colleges,  universities, non-governmental  organizations and others to provide help
to local  communities as they begin to assess  vulnerabilities,  plan for climate change, and implement
actions to increase resilience to climate impacts.

Improve Air Quality
In FY 2016 the agency will focus additional resources to address regulatory implementation across the air
program. An additional 25.0 FTE for regional air  programs are requested to address state implementation
plans (SIPs) awaiting processing, permitting needs,  and air quality monitoring and analysis. These FTE
will help provide states and industry with greater certainty about how to  move forward with addressing air
pollutants of concern. At a national level, the agency is  requesting additional  FTE to  provide support in
targeted areas including regulatory reviews that are statutorily mandated under the Clean  Air Act and
under legal deadlines, rules and guidance needed  by states and industry to implement planning and
permitting requirements, implementation of the  motor vehicle  and engine certification and compliance
program, and indoor air technical guidance development.

As highlighted, national standards have a big  impact on the quality of the life in local communities.  In FY
2016, the agency also continues a strong emphasis on supporting communities in their efforts to combat
localized effects  of air pollution.  Communities do not always have sufficient air quality data at the-local
level to understand and act upon existing risks.  In FY 2016, the EPA will invest $1.6 million and 2.5 FTE
in funding for advanced monitoring technical support and tools to  help communities detect, monitor,
understand, and act upon their local air quality risks.

Agency Priority Goals

As part of the EPA's FY 2014-2018 Strategic Plan, the EPA established FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority
Goals. The Goal 1  includes APG highlights the  EPA's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from
cars and trucks as follows:

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions  from cars and trucks. Through September 30, 2015,  EPA, in
coordination with Department of Transportation's fuel economy  standards program, will be implementing
vehicle  and truck greenhouse  gas standards  that are projected to  reduce greenhouse  gas (GHG)
emissions by 6 billion metric tons and  reduce  oil consumption by about  12 billion barrels over the lifetime
of the affected vehicles and trucks.

Additional information on the EPA's Agency Priority Goals can be found at
www.performance.gov.

FY 2016 Activities

Objective 1: Address Climate Change. Minimize the threats posed by climate change by reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and  taking actions that help to protect human health and  help communities
and ecosystems become more sustainable and resilient to the effects of climate change.

The  EPA's strategy to address climate change  supports the President's GHG reduction goals. Climate
change poses risks to public health, the environment, cultural resources, the economy,  and quality of life.
                                              18

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                   Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality


Many impacts of climate change are already  evident and  will  intensify in  the  future.  NOAA/NASA
announced on January 16, 2015 on nasa.gov that 2014 was the hottest year on  record.

The agency's budget includes $214 million to support regulatory activities and partnership programs to
reduce GHG emissions domestically and internationally. In FY 2016, the agency will focus on a number of
significant activities including:

•  Working  with states to implement the Clean Power Plan carbon dioxide (CCb) emission standards for
   existing  power plants, including direct technical assistance and funding to support development of
   state plans.
•  Finalizing a second  phase of heavy-duty vehicle GHG  regulations that incorporates a wider range of
   advanced technologies,  including  hybrid  vehicle drive trains,  and also exploring options to reduce
   emissions from a wide range of nonroad equipment, locomotives, aircraft, and transportation fuels.
•  Prioritizing and reviewing  low GWP options for use in consumer and industrial use sectors under
   SNAP, while considering existing listings that may  require reassessment based on the advent of new,
   more  environmentally friendly options. Work in  FY  2016 will  involve continued  SNAP  listings,
   rulemakings, and technical support for stakeholders and innovative firms with new alternatives.
•  Working  with stakeholders on measures that  will reduce  emissions of GHG from the oil  and gas
   production industry.
•  Supporting reporting and verification in the GHG Reporting Program of emissions across 41 industry
   sectors and emission sources  and approximately 8,000 reporters.
•  Leading  the  Global Methane Initiative (GMI)  and enhancing public-private sector cooperation to
   reduce global methane emissions and deliver clean energy to markets.
•  Implementing  the  ENERGY  STAR  program and  other greenhouse  gas  reduction partnership
   programs  such as SmartWay  Transport  across the  residential, commercial,  industrial,  and
   transportation sectors.
•  Overseeing compliance with the revised vehicle fuel economy labeling requirements, which provide
   consumers with GHG as well as  fuel economy information. The new label enables consumers to
   compare the energy and environmental impacts of both traditionally- and alternatively-fueled vehicles,
   including those using renewable fuels, gaseous fuels, and electricity.
•  Continuing to implement the new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2)  program and carrying out other
   actions required by the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 and  the  Energy Independence and
   Security Act (EISA) of 2007.
•  Supporting implementation and compliance with GHG emission standards for light-duty and heavy-
   duty  vehicles  and  the  National  Highway  and  Transportation  Safety Administration's  (NHTSA)
   Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. Under the CAA and the Energy Policy Act, the
   EPA  is responsible  for issuing certificates and ensuring compliance  with both the GHG and CAFE
   standards.

Objective 2: Improve Air Quality.  Achieve and maintain  health and welfare  based air  pollution
standards and reduce risk from toxic air pollutants and  indoor air contaminants.

Clean Air
In FY 2016, the EPA will continue its CAA prescribed  responsibilities to administer the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).  The  NAAQS help improve air quality  and reduce related health and
welfare impacts and their costs to the  nation. The EPA will continue to implement  a  strategy that, where
appropriate, supports the development and evaluation  of multiple pollutant measurements.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue its reviews of the NAAQS in  accordance with the statutory mandate to
review the standards every  five years, and make revisions, as appropriate. In particular, the  EPA will
finalize its review of the ozone NAAQS  in early FY  2016. The EPA will provide technical and policy
assistance to states and tribes developing or revising attainment SIPs and Tribal  Implementation Plans
(TIPs) and will designate  areas as  attainment or  nonattainment,  as appropriate. The agency  also will
continue  efforts to reduce the number of backlogged SIPs  and to act on  incoming  SIPs within the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) mandated timeframe.
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                      Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
The EPA will continue to partner with states, tribes, and local governments to ensure progress toward air
quality improvement objectives,  including  consideration of environmental  justice  issues. The  budget
includes robust funding levels  for state and local air quality management grants to support core  state
workload for implementing  NAAQS, reducing  exposure to air toxics to ensure improved air quality in
communities, and for additional air monitors required by revised NAAQS. The EPA will provide technical
and policy assistance to states developing or revising SIPs or regional haze implementation plans and will
continue  to  review and act on  SIP submissions  in accordance with the CAAA. Ongoing technical
assistance to state, Tribal and local agencies to support these objectives includes source characterization
analyses, emission inventories, quality assurance protocols, improved testing and monitoring techniques,
and air quality modeling.  The EPA also will work with the states to address the interstate  transport of
pollution that contributes  to nonattainment or interferes with maintaining ozone and/or PM  NAAQS in
other areas.

In FY 2016, the  EPA  will use its upgraded vehicle, engine, and fuel testing capabilities at the National
Vehicle and  Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) to increase testing and certification capacity to ensure
that new vehicles, engines, and fuels are in compliance with new vehicle and fuel standards.  The agency
is responsible  for establishing  test procedures to  estimate the fuel economy  of new vehicles and  for
verifying car manufacturers' data on fuel economy.  The EPA anticipates reviewing  and approving  more
than 5,000 vehicle and engine emissions certification requests for over 4,100 different types of engines -
a workload that has quadrupled over the past  decade. The EPA's workload will continue to grow as the
agency begins to implement new, and more stringent, GHG  emission standards  promulgated  in 2012 and
2013 for additional classes of vehicles and engines.

Air Toxics
The agency will continue to work with state, tribal, and local air pollution control  agencies and community
groups to assess and address air toxics emissions in areas of greatest concern.

One of the top priorities for the air toxics program is to eliminate unacceptable health risks and exposures
to air toxics in affected communities and to fulfill  its CAAA and court-ordered obligations. The CAAA
requires that all technology-based emission standards be reviewed and updated  as necessary every eight
years.  In FY 2016, the EPA  will continue to  conduct  technology reviews and  risk  assessments to
determine whether the technology-based rules appropriately protect public health to comply with  legal
deadlines.

The EPA will continue development of its multi-pollutant efforts by constructing  and organizing analyses
around industrial sectors. By addressing individual  sectors' emissions  comprehensively and prioritizing
regulatory efforts on the pollutants of greatest concern, the EPA will continue to  identify ways to take
advantage of the co-benefits of pollution control.  In developing sector and multi-pollutant approaches, the
agency seeks innovative solutions  that address pollutants in the various sectors and minimize costs to the
EPA, states, tribes, local governments and the  regulated community.

The EPA will continue to improve the dissemination of information to state, tribal, and local governments,
and the public, using  analytical tools such  as  the National Air Toxics Assessments (NATA), enhancing
quantitative assessment tools such as BenMAP,  and improving emission inventory estimates for toxic air
pollutants. The  EPA  anticipates that these improvements will increase the agency's ability to  meet
aggressive court-ordered schedules to complete rulemaking activities, especially in the air toxics program.

Indoor Air
The EPA will continue to build the  capacity of community-based organizations to promote comprehensive
asthma care that integrates management of environmental asthma triggers and health care services. The
EPA will place a particular emphasis on improving asthma health outcomes for vulnerable populations,
including children, and low-income and minority populations as well as improving indoor air quality (IAQ)
in homes and  schools. Over the  past four years,  at least 16,000  health care professionals, including
school nurses and primary care physicians, have  been trained  by the  EPA  and  its partners  on
environmental  management of asthma triggers. Additionally,  approximately one  third of our nation's
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                    Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality


schools now have effective indoor air quality management programs in place, helping to ensure asthma-
friendly school environments. The EPA will continue to co-lead the implementation of the Coordinated
Federal Action Plan to Reduce Racial and  Ethnic Asthma  Disparities, an initiative under the auspices of
the President's Taskforce on  Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children.

The EPA will deliver clear and verifiable protocols and specifications to  ensure good indoor air quality in
homes and schools.  This effort will be accomplished through the Indoor airPLUS program and protocols
that protect IAQ during energy upgrades. The EPA will collaborate with public and private organizations to
integrate these protocols and specifications into existing  energy-efficiency, green-building  and health-
related programs and initiatives. FY 2016 activities include equipping the affordable housing sector with
training and guidance to  promote adoption of these best practices with the aim of creating healthier, more
energy-efficient homes for low income families.

In FY  2016, the EPA will continue its leadership role and  collaborate with other federal agencies to
advance action on  radon risk reduction, and will continue  to implement  its own  multi-pronged radon
program. The EPA will drive  action at the national level to reduce radon risk in homes and schools using
partnerships with the private sector and public health groups, public outreach,  and education activities.
The agency will encourage radon risk reduction as a normal part of doing business in  the real estate
marketplace, will promote local and state adoption of radon prevention standards in building codes, and
will participate  in  the development of national voluntary standards (e.g., mitigation and construction
protocols) for adoption by states and the radon  industry.

Objective 3: Restore and Protect the Ozone  Layer. Restore and protect the earth's stratospheric ozone
layer and protect the public from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Restore the Ozone Layer
The stratospheric  ozone program implements  the provisions of the CAAA and the Montreal Protocol on
Substances  that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). Under  the  CAAA and the Montreal
Protocol, the EPA is authorized to control and reduce ozone depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S., and
to contribute to the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund. As of January 1, 2015,  ODS  production and
imports will be capped at 1,524 OOP-weighted  metric tons,  which is 10 percent of the U.S. baseline under
the Montreal Protocol.  In 2020, all  production and import will  be  phased out except for exempted
amounts. As ODS and many of their substitutes are potent GHGs, appropriate control and reduction of
these substances  also provides significant benefits for climate protection. As a signatory to the Montreal
Protocol, the U.S.  is committed to  ensuring  that  our domestic program is at least  as stringent  as
international obligations  and  to regulating and  enforcing its terms domestically. In FY 2016, the EPA will
focus its work to ensure that ODS production and import  caps  under the  Montreal Protocol and CAAA
continue to be met.

During the course of its high  level strategic  review of the agency's  13 strategic objectives in FY 2014, the
EPA,  in consultation with the Office of  Management  and Budget, identified  this  objective as  making
noteworthy progress. While  the EPA has been successful in reaching its targets  under this  objective,
much work remains to  be done - importantly, balancing the need for flexibility and  specific  tailored
solutions to unique  situations with the obligation to completely phase out entire classes of widely used
chemicals.

Objective 4: Minimize   Exposure  to Radiation.  Minimize releases  of  radioactive material  and be
prepared to minimize exposure through response  and recovery actions  should unavoidable releases
occur.

In FY  2016, the  EPA's  Radiation  program, in cooperation with federal agencies, states, tribes, and
international radiation protection organizations, will develop and use voluntary and regulatory programs,
public information,  and training to protect the public from unnecessary exposures to radiation. The EPA
expects to complete its  review of the public comment received  on  the 2016 proposed revisions to the
Agency's Health and Environmental Protection Standards for Uranium and Thorium Mill Tailings (40 CFR
192), last reviewed in 1995.   The Agency also expects to issue its final rule for the related Hazardous Air
                                               21

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                      Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Pollutants, Subpart W Standard for Radon Emissions from Operating Uranium Mill Tailings (40 CFR 61)
and  will work to ensure that the nation has broad based, non-site-specific standards that protect public
health  and the environment from  risks associated with subsurface  disposal of high-level  radioactive
waste.

The EPA's Radiological Emergency Response Team will maintain and improve the level of readiness to
support federal  radiological emergency response and recovery operations under the National Response
Framework and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances  Pollution Contingency Plan in FY 2016.
RadNet, the agency's national ambient radiation air monitoring system, will continue to provide data  from
the country's 100 most populous cities to assist in protective action determinations. The EPA will continue
to support waste site characterization and clean-up by providing field and fixed laboratory environmental
radioanalytical data and technical support, delivering radioanalytical training to state and federal partners,
and developing improved radioanalytical methods.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to implement its regulatory oversight responsibilities for Department of
Energy (DOE) activities at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility, as mandated by Congress in the
WIPP Land Withdrawal Act of 1992. This includes conducting  inspections of waste generator facilities and
evaluating DOE's  compliance with  the  EPA's  standards  and  applicable  environmental  laws  and
regulations to ensure the permanent and safe disposal of all radioactive waste shipped to WIPP.

Research

Environmental challenges in the 21st century are complex.  These challenges are complicated  by the
interplay between air quality, climate change, and emerging energy options, and they require different
thinking and solutions than those used in  the  past. These  solutions  require  research that  transcends
disciplinary lines and includes all stakeholders in the process - the EPA's regional and program offices,
states and communities - that rely on the EPA's research.

The Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) research program, funded at $100.3  million for FY 2016, conducts
high priority research on environmental and  human health impacts related to air pollution, climate change,
and biofuels. This work directly supports the EPA's goal of addressing  climate  change and improving air
quality.

Human  exposure to an evolving array of air pollutants  is a  considerable challenge. By integrating air,
climate, and energy research,  the  EPA can better understand, define, and address the complexity of
these interactions. The agency will provide models and tools  necessary for communities and decision
makers at  all levels of government to make the best decisions.


The ACE research program will continue to address critical science questions under three major research
themes.

Theme 1: Assess Air Quality and Climate Impacts - Assess human and ecosystem exposures and effects
associated with air pollutants and climate change.  Evaluate the effects of air pollution and climate change
on individuals, ecosystems, communities, and regions.

Theme  2: Prevent and Reduce Emissions -  Provide  the  science needed to develop and evaluate
approaches to preventing and  reducing harmful air emissions.  Decision makers  and other stakeholders
need  such data  and  methods to  determine  which energy  choices are most  environmentally  and
economically appropriate.

Theme 3: Respond to Changes in  Climate and Air Quality - Provide modeling and  monitoring tools,
metrics, and information on air pollution exposure. Individuals, communities, and  governmental agencies
will use these tools and information to make public health decisions  related to air quality  and climate
change.
                                              22

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                   Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality


In FY 2016, the ACE program will continue to develop and evaluate source and ambient air monitoring
methods required to support implementation of regulations. Demand for improved air monitoring data is
growing while budgets for state and local air monitoring organizations are  shrinking. The EPA also is
working with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to examine how satellites may
be used to improve air quality management activities.

In addition,  in 2012, the EPA signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the DOE and DOI to
develop a multi-agency program to focus on timely, policy relevant science to support sound policy
decisions by state and federal agencies for ensuring the prudent development of energy sources while
protecting human health and the environment. Additional goals include minimizing potential risks in
developing these energy  resources, maximizing each agency's particular strength, and reducing
interagency overlap.
                                              23

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24

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                             Goal 2:  Protecting America's Waters


                      Goal 2: Protecting America's  Waters

 Strategic Goal:  Protect  and restore our waters  to ensure that drinking
 water  is  safe  and  sustainably  managed,  and  that aquatic ecosystems
 sustain  fish,   plants,   wildlife,  and  other  biota,   as  well as  economic,
 recreational, and subsistence activities.
                                                      Resource Summary
                                                         (Dollars in Thousands)
\J/ /
47.2% of Budget
FY2014
Enacted
FY2015
Enacted
FY2016
President's
Budget
Difference
FY 201 5 EN
to FY 201 6
PresBud
1 - Protect Human Health
2 - Protect and Restore Watersheds
   and Aquatic Ecosystems	
$1,273,076
1,268,812     1,573,251
           $304,439
$2,771,692     $2,784,487   $2,480,117     ($304,370)
 Goal 2 Total
 4,044,768     $4,053,298   $4,053,368
                                 $70
Workyears
     3,190
    3,161
3,156
(5)
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Introduction

As we work to protect the nation's water, new approaches and new partnerships are needed to make and
sustain improvements. While much progress in water quality has been made over the last two decades,
America's waters remain imperiled. Increased demands,  land use practices, population growth, aging
infrastructure, and the impacts of climate change pose serious challenges to our nation's water resources.
The National Coastal Condition Report IV shows that although improvement has taken place since 1990,
the overall condition of the nation's coastal resources continues to be rated fair1. In  addition,  the latest
national  assessments2  confirm that  America's  waters  are  stressed  by  nutrient pollution,  excess
sedimentation, and  degradation of shoreline vegetation, which affect more than 50 percent of our lakes
and streams. The rate at which new waters are listed for water quality impairments exceeds the pace at
which restored waters are removed  from the list. For many years, nonpoint source pollution—principally
nitrogen,  phosphorus, and sediments—has been recognized  as the largest remaining impediment to
improving water quality,  and it is difficult to address the  varied and widespread sources of this pollution.
Pollution  discharged from industrial, municipal, and other point sources continue to cause a decline in the
1 U.S. EPA. 2012. National Coastal Condition Report IV. EPA-842-R-10-003. Available at
http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/assessmonitor/nccr/upload/NCCR4-Report.pdf.
2 U.S. EPA, 2006. Wadeable Streams Assessment: A Collaborative Survey of the Nation's Streams. EPA 841-B-06-
002. Available at http://www.epa.gov/owow/streamsurvey. See also EPA, 2010. National Lakes Assessment: A
Collaborative Survey of the Nation's Lakes. EPA 841-R-09-001. Available at
http://www.epa.gov/lakessurvev/pdf/nla chapter0.pdf.
                                            25

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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters


quality of our waters. Other significant contributors to  degraded water quality include: loss of habitat;
habitat fragmentation; and changes in the way water is infiltrated into soils, runs off the land, and flows
down streams (hydrologic alteration).

We can  no longer  rely on traditional tools and approaches  to protect  our waters in urban and rural
settings.  We are focusing  on developing new  targeting  tools,  promoting  green infrastructure  and
sustainable  solutions and building  resiliency  to  deal  with  the  impacts  from  climate  change,  and
strengthening  our  partnerships with federal  agencies,  non-government organizations  and  private
companies committed to  supporting  local  efforts to improve and protect waterways. From nutrient
loadings  and stormwater runoff, to invasive species, energy extraction, and drinking water contaminants,
water quality programs face complex challenges that can  be addressed  effectively only through a
combination of traditional  and innovative strategies.  The EPA will continue to work hand-in-hand with
states and tribes to develop and implement nutrient limits and intensify our work to restore and protect the
quality of the nation's streams, rivers,  lakes, bays, oceans, and aquifers. We will continue the increased
focus  on  urban  and  rural  communities,  particularly  those  disadvantaged  communities  facing
disproportionate impacts, or that have been historically  underserved. We also will use our authority to
protect and restore threatened natural treasures such as the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake  Bay, and the
Gulf of Mexico;  address our neglected urban rivers; ensure safe drinking water; and reduce pollution from
nonpoint and industrial  discharges. The  EPA will  continue to address post-construction runoff, water-
quality impairments, and drinking water contamination.

As part of the agency's long-term strategy, the  EPA  is implementing a Sustainable Water Infrastructure
Policy3 that focuses on working with states  and  communities to significantly expand more effective
management and enhance technical, managerial and financial capacity within the drinking water  and
wastewater sectors. Important to the enhanced technical capacity will be alternatives analyses to expand
green  infrastructure  options and  their multiple benefits.  Federal  dollars provided through the State
Revolving Funds will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and  ongoing management of
sustainable water infrastructure.

The EPA will strengthen instrumental partnerships across the Federal government to leverage resources
and avoid duplication of efforts. The EPA and  USDA  continue  to enhance existing coordination efforts in
reducing nonpoint  source pollution. The EPA,  DOI, and  DOE are working  together to research the
impacts  of hydraulic fracturing  activities  to support the state and Federal agencies that  oversee  this
growing energy extraction method.

Major FY 2016  Changes

Goal 2 resources include over $3.4 billion in extramural resources and 2,324.9 FTE. Resources and FTE
have  been targeted  to build on progress to date and advance  the Agency priorities in FY 2016. Funding
for the categorical grants to  states to support core environmental programs in Goal 2 is $554 million, a
$27 million increase over the FY2015 Enacted Budget4. In FY2016, the agency is requesting $2.3 billion
for the Clean Water and Drinking  Water State  Revolving  Funds (SRFs), a decrease  of $54 million in
funding from FY 2015 enacted levels, but supported  by additional funding through EPA's surface water
and drinking water programs as described below.

In Goal  2 the  FY 2016  President's  Budget  includes resources  in three  major investment areas:
Sustainable Water Systems,  Climate Mitigation and Communities.
3 http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/sustain/upload/Sustainability-Policy.pdf
4 $5.6 million increase for Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319); $7.7 million increase for Public Water System Supervision;
$18.4 million increase for Pollution Control (Section 106); $5.0 million increase for Wetlands Program
Development grants; $9.6 million reduction for Beaches categorical grants.
                                               26

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                                                 Community Highlight: Douglas, AZ
                                                 To  mitigate increasing energy costs,  the City of
                                                 Douglas obtained a $1.3  million  loan  (June 2014)
                                                 from Arizona's SRF Program to design and install
                                                 a 300 kW solar system to power their wastewater
                                                 generate  nearly   520,000  kilowatt  hours  of
                                                 electricity per year, or 50% of the plant's electric
                                                 requirements. Once  installed,  Douglas estimates
                                                 they will save $32,000 per year  in  energy costs
                                                 and $640,000 over the next 20 years.
                               Goal 2:  Protecting America's Waters


Sustainable Water Systems                      	
In FY  2016,  the agency's budget includes $50
million  in technical assistance, training, and other
efforts  to  enhance  the  capacity of communities
and states to plan and finance drinking water and
wastewater infrastructure improvements. EPA will
work with  states and  communities  to  promote
innovative practices that advance  water system               i     T-U     i                     j
and  community  resiliency  and  sustainability.    treatment plant. The solar array is projected to
These   resources  will   build  the   technical,
managerial, and financial capabilities of systems,
to promote  a healthy  and effective network  of
drinking water and wastewater infrastructure.

The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act of  2014 (WIFIA)  authorizes  an innovative
financing mechanism for water-related infrastructure of national or regional significance and authorizes
the EPA to provide  federal credit assistance to  eligible entities. In FY 2016, the agency budget includes
$5 million to  begin  developing the  information  necessary to lay the groundwork for a WIFIA program.
WIFIA creates a 5- year pilot program for water infrastructure investment and provides low-interest loans
to eligible entities for large water and wastewater projects.  In  addition  to the existing State Revolving
Fund programs, WIFIA will provide an additional source of low cost capital to help meet the United States'
water infrastructure  needs and address key priorities. Beginning in FY 2015 and continuing into FY 2016,
the EPA will conduct the significant work of developing a WIFIA program. The Agency's FY 2016 budget
request will continue the development and start-up of the program.

Climate Mitigation
Recent  improvements in scientific measurement of carbon sequestered in coastal wetlands indicate that
preservation and restoration of coastal wetlands can have significant greenhouse gas reduction benefits5,
while also reducing storm  impacts on coastal  areas  and enhancing habitat and water quality.  The
existing National Estuary  Programs  are excellent  candidates  for  developing  these  "blue carbon"
opportunities. The EPA will work with NEPs to  identify and support key coastal restoration projects that
can serve as pilot projects featuring different natural features and characteristics to study and enhance
coastal resilience.

Communities
Goal 2 will be supported by EPA's new Community Resource Coordinators. These Coordinators are a
team of 20 FTE who will work cross-media to  provide on the  ground technical assistance to multiple
communities, including  helping to improve community adaptation and resiliency in the face of climate
change and extreme weather events.

The agency also provides $1.1  million and 2.5 FTE for Advanced Monitoring to assist communities
through the use of monitoring  technology by providing technical assistance and support through existing
mechanisms and by building partnerships with external organizations to support environmental education
and citizen science. Communities are increasingly asking questions about the health of their waterways
and what they can do to improve them.  By developing interactive web tools that describe water quality
monitoring data  using  understandable indicators, this proposal will  help  demonstration communities
answer these questions and  enhance their understanding of how  they can better protect their waters.
5 Crooks, S., Rybczyk, J., O'Connell, K., Devier, D.L, Poppe, K., Emmett-Mattox, S. 2014. Coastal Blue Carbon
Opportunity Assessment for the Snohomish Estuary: The Climate Benefits of Estuary Restoration. Report by
Environmental Science Associates, Western Washington University, EarthCorps, and Restore America's Estuaries.
February 2014.
                                              27

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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters


The investments in Community activities focus resources and programs to better support the efforts of
environmentally overburdened, underserved, and economically distressed communities. These efforts will
proactively address endemic and emerging environmental challenges in ways that build a community's
long-term  sustainability.  The EPA will deliver information and on-going  support in ways that maximize
alignment  and leverage scarce resources to make a visible difference in communities  as they address
environmental challenges, especially those exacerbated by climate change.

Agency Priority Goals

In FY2016, the EPA will continue to build on progress under FY 2014-2015, Agency Priority Goals for the
Water program that advance the agency priorities and the agency's Strategic Plan. The EPA's two Priority
Goals to improve water quality are:

Improve,   restore, and maintain water  quality by enhancing  nonpoint source program  leveraging,
accountability, and on-the-ground effectiveness to address the nation's largest sources of pollution. By
September 30, 2015,  100 percent of the states will have updated nonpoint source management programs
that comport with the new Section  319 grant  guidelines that  will result in better targeting of resources
through prioritization and increased coordination with USDA.

Improve public health protection for persons served by small drinking water systems, which account for
more than 97%  of public water systems in the U.S., by strengthening  the technical,  managerial, and
financial capacity of  those systems. By  September 30, 2015, EPA will engage with an additional ten
states  (for a total of 30 states) and three tribes to improve  small drinking water system capability to
provide safe drinking  water, an invaluable resource.

Additional  information on the EPA's Agency Priority Goals can be found at www.performance.gov.

FY 2016 Activities

The  EPA  will continue to  emphasize watershed  stewardship, watershed-based  approaches, water
efficiencies, and best practices. In addition, the EPA will continue to implement its core water programs to
maximize  efficiencies and environmental results.

Objective  1: Protect Human Health. Achieve and maintain standards and guidelines protective of
human health in drinking water supplies,  fish, shellfish,  and recreational  waters and protect and
sustainably manage drinking water resources.

Drinking Water
To help achieve the  agency's priority to  protect America's waters, in  FY 2016 the EPA will  continue to
implement its Drinking Water Strategy, an approach to expanding public health protection for drinking
water.  The EPA's goal is to streamline decision-making, expand protection  under existing laws, and
promote cost-effective new technologies to meet the  needs  of rural, urban and other water-stressed
communities. The agency will focus  on regulating groups of drinking water contaminants, improving water
treatment technology and expanding communication with states, tribes and urban and rural communities.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to provide Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) grants to augment
state and tribal efforts to assist water systems  in meeting existing drinking water regulations and prepare
for implementation of new regulations, including the Revised Total Coliform Rule. States and tribes will
work to support systems to acquire and  maintain basic implementation  capabilities  and  to conduct
sanitary surveys according to required schedules. These resources also will be used by  states and tribes
as they provide technical assistance and training to help meet the continued  needs of the small water
systems.  The grants have been  successful in helping public water systems  achieve  compliance with
standards, as well as decreasing the number of small systems that have repeat health-based violations of
standards. As of the  end of FY 2014, 93 percent of the population served by community water systems
(CWSs) received drinking water  that met all  applicable health-based drinking water standards, which
exceeded  the performance target of 92 percent.
                                              28

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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
To help ensure water is safe to drink and to address the nation's aging drinking water infrastructure,
$1,186 million for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund will support new infrastructure improvement
projects for public drinking water systems in FY 2016 and beyond. Getting these funds to where they are
most  needed in  a timely manner is  important.  In FY 2016,  appropriated DWSRF funds will again be
allocated to the states in accordance with  each state's proportion of total drinking water infrastructure
need  based on the 2011 Needs Survey which was reported  to Congress  in April 20136. The EPA also
published  data concerning the drinking water infrastructure needs of water systems  serving tribes and
Alaskan Native Villages as a special focus of this survey.

These funds have  been  utilized  effectively  by the states. Since FY 2006, the fund utilization rate7 for the
DWSRF has surpassed its performance target, and most recently in FY 2014, the DWSRF utilization rate
of 92  percent exceeded the EPA's target of 89 percent. In concert with the  states, the  EPA will focus this
affordable, flexible financial assistance to support utility compliance with safe drinking water standards.
The EPA has requested a funding floor for assistance provided to Tribes, and will reserve the greater of
$20 million or 2% of appropriated  funds for the Indian Tribes  and Alaska Native Villages. The EPA also
will work with utilities to promote technical, financial, and managerial  capacity as a critical means to
meeting infrastructure needs and enhancing program performance and efficiency.

The responsibility for communities  and public water systems to continuously provide safe drinking water is
a key component of the nation's health and well-being. The delivery of safe drinking water is often taken
for granted and  is extremely  undervalued. More than  156,000 public water systems  provide drinking
water to the approximately 320 million persons in the U.S. More than 97%  of these public water systems
serve fewer than 10,000 persons. While most small systems consistently  provide safe, reliable drinking
water to their customers, many small systems are facing a number of significant challenges in their ability
to achieve and maintain system sustainability. These challenges  include aging infrastructure, increased
regulatory requirements, workforce shortages/high-turnover, increasing costs, and declining rate bases.

The EPA is focusing attention to the needs of these small communities/systems while balancing current
fiscal  realities as the state grant and state  assistance programs are implemented. In  FY 2012, the EPA
re-energized its small systems focus by working more closely with state programs to improve public water
system sustainability and public  health protection for persons served by small water systems as part of an
Agency Priority Goal.  During FY 2014-2015, the EPA built on its successful efforts to strengthen small
system  technical,  managerial  and financial  capability through  the implementation of the Capacity
Development Program, the Operator Certification Program, the Public Water System Supervision state
grant  program and the  Drinking Water State  Revolving  Fund.   The Capacity  Development Program
establishes a framework within  which states and water systems can work together to help these small
systems achieve the  Safe Drinking Water Act's  (SDWA's) public health protection objectives. The state
Capacity Development programs are supported  federally by the Public Water System Supervision state
grant  funds and the set-asides established  in the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. Since the 1996
SDWA Amendments, states have implemented  a variety of activities to assist small  systems with their
compliance challenges and enhance their technical, managerial, and financial capacity.  In FY 2016, the
EPA will continue to reinforce with  states and tribes the concepts developed during implementation of the
FY 2012-2013 and FY 2014-2015 drinking water Agency  Priority Goal activities.

Fish Consumption
The EPA  continues to  increase public  awareness  of the risks to human health associated with the
consumption offish contaminated with mercury, an effort directly linked to the agency's mission to protect
human health.  EPA  analysis of data from the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's)
6 Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment. April 2013.
http://water.epa.gov/grants_funding/dwsrf/upload/epa816r!3006.pdf
7 Utilization rate is the cumulative dollar amount of loan agreements divided by cumulative funds available for
projects. Cumulative funds available include the federal capitalization grant portion and everything that is in the
SRF (state match, interest payments, etc.).
                                               29

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                              Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) show that the geometric mean of blood
mercury levels decreased by 34 percent  in women of childbearing age between the first survey cycle
(1999 - 2000) and second survey cycle (2001-2002), and then remained fairly constant between 2003
and 2010.The study also found that there was a 65 percent decrease in  the  number of women of
childbearing age with blood levels of mercury above the level of concern between the first and second
survey cycles of NHANES. While the data do not indicate that women are consuming less fish, the
analysis suggests that women  have reduced their consumption of the types of fish that have higher
mercury concentrations. Further information is available in the EPA study published in June 2013 entitled
Trends in Blood Mercury Concentrations  and Fish Consumption among U.S.  Women of Childbearing
Age.8

Objective 2: Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems: Protect, restore, and sustain
the quality of rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands on a  watershed basis, and sustainably manage  and
protect coastal and ocean resources and ecosystems.

Clean Water
In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to collaborate
with states and  tribes to  make progress toward
the EPA's  clean  water goals.  Programs  for
controlling nonpoint sources of pollution are a
key to  reducing the number of impaired waters
nationwide.  The  programs provide a multi-
faceted approach  to   the   problem,   using
innovative  development  strategies to  help
leverage traditional tools. The EPA will  support
efforts  of states, tribes, other federal agencies,
and local communities to develop  watershed-
based plans to achieve water quality standards.
Working  with  states,  the  revolving  fund
capitalization grants will help build,  revive, and
"green"  our aging  infrastructure.  In FY 2016,
funding in categorical grants  for clean water
programs will enable the EPA, states, and tribes
to implement core clean  water programs and
promising innovations on a watershed basis to
accelerate water quality improvements.
In FY 2016, the EPA will  continually to  forge
and strengthen strategic partnerships with  other
federal agency programs,  particular  with the
USDA's   Natural   Resources  Conservation
Service  (NRCS), which  implements Farm Bill
conservation  programs that  can help control
nonpoint  source  pollution. Agricultural sources
of pollution  in  the  form  of  animal waste,
fertilizer,  and  sediments have  a  particularly
profound  effect on water quality. In FY2016, the
EPA will  partner with  USDA to focus federal
resources on  agricultural  sources of pollution  in
select watersheds in every state. As part of our
joint work, in  FY 2014, 174 priority watersheds
Community Highlight: Salmon Falls, ME andNH
EPA participates in the national Source Water
Collaborative, a group of 25 national organizations
which in 2010 sponsored the Salmon Falls Watershed
Collaborative in Maine and New Hampshire. Between
2012  and 2014, the Salmon Falls Collaborative
leveraged support from USDA's Environmental
Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and the Wildlife
Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP) to achieve the
following:


    •   5,919 private working lands were treated in the
       Salmon Falls river watershed
    •   37 contracts were awarded to private
       landowners to implement conservation
       practices with USD A's Natural Resources
       Conservation Service (NRCS)
    •   130 conservation practices were implemented

The land uses targeted for  treatment in the  Salmon
Falls  Watershed included cropland,  forestland, pasture
and hay  land  addressing many  resource concerns
including: erosion and sediment control,  groundwater
and surface water quality protection, grazing benefits,
livestock water needs, nutrient management, healthy
forests and invasive treatments, and fish  and  wildlife
habitats.
 http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/fishshellfish/fishadvisories/upload/Trends-in-Blood-Mercury-
Concentrations-and-Fish-Consumption-Among-U-S-Women-of-Childbearing-Age-NHANES-1999-2010.pdf
                                             30

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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters


were selected in 51 states and areas for targeted USDA conservation investments. In FY 2016, the EPA
will work with states to assess water quality progress from implemented conservation practices.  Progress
made under the FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority Goal is important for targeting Section 319 funds (along
with state match and other funds) towards the most pressing nonpoint source problems.

Building on over 30 years of clean  water successes, the EPA, in conjunction with states and tribes, will
address the requirements of the Clean  Water Act by focusing on two primary tools: Total Maximum Daily
Loads9  (TMDLs) and  National  Pollutant Discharge  Elimination  System  (NPDES)  permits, built upon
scientifically sound water quality standards  and technology-based pollutant discharge limits. In FY 2016,
the CWA 303(d) Listing and TMDL Program will continue to engage with states to implement the new 10-
year vision  for the program. As part of this effort, the EPA will continue to encourage states to develop a
process for setting priorities, and through the use of that process address impairments with TMDLs and
other appropriate tools as expeditiously as practical. The EPA will work with states and other partners to
develop and implement watershed plans to restore their impaired waters.

The EPA also will work with states and  other partners to improve our ability to identify and protect healthy
waters/watersheds, and to pursue integration and application of core program tools.  An important part of
restoring impaired waters is reliable and timely data.  As part of an agency-wide effort for modernization,
resources have been provided to accelerate implementation of electronic-reporting, which will minimize
burden  for data entry and error resolution, reduce effort  in  responding  to  public requests  for data,
establish consistent requirements for  e-reporting  across all  states,  and  allow  more timely access to
NPDES program data in an electronic format for the EPA, states, regulated  entities, and the public.

The  EPA  will  continue  to work  with  states to structure  the  permit  program to better  support
comprehensive  protection of water quality  on a waterbody  and a watershed basis. Progress has been
steady in improving water quality conditions in impaired watersheds  nationwide.  Reductions in nutrient
levels in sources of drinking water reduce treatment costs while strengthening public health protection. In
2008, there were only 60 watersheds that experienced improved water quality conditions, as identified by
removal of one  or more  causes of impairment in 2002. By FY 2014, this number had risen to 411,
exceeding the target of 408. Water quality  conditions remain a significant challenge, with approximately
42,400 known impaired water bodies nationwide in January 2015. In FY 2016, the  EPA will invest in a
new  approach for measuring local  improvements in water quality, resulting in a more transparent and
efficient measure of progress and facilitating cross-program integration. This approach will use the USGS
National  Hydrography Dataset  Plus  (NHDPIus) to  calculate watershed  area  to  describe previously
impaired waters where actions are being implemented and are now attaining water quality standards.

In addition,  in FY 2016, the EPA will focus on: promoting the  use of green infrastructure and water quality-
based  effluent  limits  in  stormwater permits; controlling  discharges from concentrated animal feeding
operations; and  addressing issues of permitting for new waste streams, such as shale gas extraction and
for steam electric power plants. To  combat  stormwater  as a main contributor of nutrients and sediments,
the agency issued a final 2012  NPDES general permit for stormwater discharges from large and small
construction activities. The general permit strengthens  requirements for stormwater discharges from, at
minimum, eligible existing and new  construction projects in all areas of the country where the EPA is the
NPDES permitting authority.

The  EPA budget includes $1.116  billion in capitalization  to  the Clean  Water State Revolving Fund
(CWSRF). As of June 2014, the  CWSRF  has offered nearly 35,000  assistance agreements to local
communities, providing over $105  billion in affordable  financing for wastewater infrastructure, nonpoint
source pollution control, and estuary management projects.

In FY 2016, the agency requests a  Tribal set-aside of two percent, or $30 million, whichever is greatest,
of the funds appropriated  from the CWSRF.  The agency requests the establishment  of a funding floor for
9 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/index.cfm.
                                              31

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                               Goal 2:  Protecting America's Waters


the Tribes. Resources will provide  much needed  assistance to these communities where sanitation
infrastructure lags behind the rest of the country and may cause significant public health concerns.

The  Section  106 Categorical  State  Grant Program  supports prevention  and control measures that
improve water quality. In F Y 2016, the agency proposes an $18.4 million increase for the Section 106
program over the FY 2015 Enacted Budget level.  This increase is for states and tribes to implement
water pollution control programs and strengthen  their nutrient management efforts consistent  with the
EPA's 2011 Framework for state nutrient reduction.

Through the Monitoring and Assessment Partnership, the EPA will work with states to develop and apply
innovative and efficient  monitoring tools and techniques to optimize availability of high-quality data to
support Clean Water Act program needs.   This partnership also will expand the use of monitoring data
and geospatial tools for water  resource protection to  set priorities and evaluate effectiveness  of water
protection. The EPA, states, and tribes will collaborate to conduct field sampling for the 2016  National
Wetlands Condition  Assessment.  In FY 2016, the EPA and states will release the 2013/2014  National
Rivers  and Streams Assessment for partner and  external  peer review. The EPA and states will initiate
data analysis of the National Coastal Condition Assessment 2015 report.  Additionally, in FY 2016, the
EPA/State Steering Committee  for the National Lakes Assessment will be planning the third lakes survey
which will be in the field in calendar year 2017.10

The EPA,  in cooperation with federal, state and tribal governments and other stakeholders, will  continue
to make progress toward achieving the national goal of no net loss of wetlands under the Clean Water Act
Section 404 regulatory program. In FY 2016, the agency is providing $19.7 million for Wetlands  Program
Development Grants, including  $5 million for climate resilience efforts as mentioned below. In addition, in
FY 2016, the EPA will be working with other federal and state  partners to maximize the  effectiveness of
resources  provided  through the Resources and  Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and
Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast  States Act  (RESTORE Act) and supporting the Natural Resource
Damage Assessment associated with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to  restore the Gulf of Mexico.

Since 2002, approximately 1.4 million  acres of habitat have been protected or restored within  National
Estuary Program study areas. The agency's FY 2016 budget requests $27.3 million for National Estuaries
Programs  and Coastal Waterways that will enable the  protection  or restoration of one hundred thousand
habitat acres.

In FY 2016, the agency will continue to  assist communities,  particularly underserved communities, to
support local efforts to restore  and protect the quality  of their urban waters. The EPA will implement its
Urban Waters program and will continue  to co-lead the Urban Waters Federal Partnership. The Urban
Water  Federal Partnership will provide technical assistance to the  19 Partnership locations  and will
continue to align federal resources from the EPA, DOI, USDA and other partners to meet local needs
more effectively  and advance  shared multi-agency priorities.   For example, the  partnership  will help
address storm water management and promote  green infrastructure to improve water quality through
identification  and transfer of  best practices  and  successful  local  approaches. The Partnership  will
continue to identify and champion innovative approaches to making the delivery of Federal resources to
communities more effective and integrated.

As part of these efforts, the EPA will assist communities in restoring and revitalizing urban waterways and
the surrounding land through partnerships with governmental, business, community organizations and
other local partners. Areas of focus may include: water quality restoration as a driver for economic
development, human health and related  risk communication,  climate resiliency efforts such as  green
infrastructure solutions to integrate water quality and community development goals, youth engagement,
education  and outreach, planning for sustainable  financing, technical support, and training. In FY 2016,
the EPA will  support place-based work by providing small grants and targeted technical assistance to
support innovative community-driven solutions that accelerate measurable improvements in water quality
 ' National Water Quality Assessment Report, http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/aboutjntegrated.html
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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
and continuing to provide technical assistance and networking support through the EPA's Urban Waters
Learning Network.

    •    Providing small grants and targeted technical assistance to support innovative community-driven
        solutions  that accelerate  measurable  improvements in water quality. Projects  may  include:
        community greening and green  infrastructure, community-driven water quality monitoring and
        data collection, and community planning and visioning.

    •    Continuing to provide technical  assistance and networking support through the  EPA's Urban
        Waters Learning Network, a  peer-to-peer network of urban waters  practitioners  across  the
        country.  Resources  developed through this  network will  be made available  nationally,  thus
        effectively  up scaling EPA's  activities  with communities and leveraging the program's place-
        based efforts for greater national impact.

Climate Change- Management of Sustainable Resources
Climate change  contributes to  changes in  water quality  and poses significant challenges to water
resource managers. Impacts of climate change include too little water in some places and too much water
in others, while some locations are subject to both of these conditions during different times of the year.
Water  cycle changes are expected to continue and  will adversely affect energy production and  use,
human  health, transportation,  agriculture,  and ecosystems.  In  2012, the National Water Program
published the second National  Water Program 2012 Strategy: Response to  Climate Change, which
describes a set of long-term goals  for the management of sustainable  water resources for future
generations in light of climate change  and charts the  key "building  blocks" that will  need to be taken to
achieve those goals.  It also reflects the wider context of climate  change-related activity that is underway
throughout the nation. The 2012 Strategy is intended to  be  a  roadmap  to guide future programmatic
planning.

WaterSense,  Climate Ready Estuaries,  Climate Ready  Water Utilities,  and Green Infrastructure  are
examples of programs that will help stakeholders adapt to climate change in FY 2016. The Climate Ready
Water Utilities initiative will help water systems of all sizes integrate climate variability considerations into
their long-range planning. Efforts to incorporate climate change considerations into key programs will help
protect  water quality  and  the  nation's  investment in  drinking  water and wastewater treatment
infrastructure.  In  FY 2016, the  EPA has  requested  an additional  $5 million for grants awarded
competitively for efforts to increase climate resilience by protecting and enhancing wetlands.

The WaterSense  program is a key component of the Agency's efforts to ensure long-term  sustainable
water infrastructure, contribute to GHG reductions, and help communities adapt to  drought and climate
change.  Based on the number of water-conserving products shipped through the end of 2013 (the most
recent year for which there is data), the program has contributed to  cumulative savings in excess of 757
billion gallons of water - enough water to supply all the homes in  the United States for 26 days - and
$14.2 billion in water, sewer, and energy  bills.  The energy savings  associated with reducing the need to
move, treat, and heat that water is equivalent to  37  MMTCO2E of greenhouse gas reductions.

Geographic Water Programs
The Administration has expanded and enhanced numerous cross-agency efforts to promote collaboration
and coordination among agencies,  which include a suite of large aquatic ecosystem restoration efforts.
Four prominent examples of cross-agency restoration  efforts are the Puget Sound, the Great Lakes, the
Chesapeake  Bay, and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. Working with  its partners  and  stakeholders,  the EPA
implements special programs to protect and restore each of these unique natural resources.

The EPA's ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that address specific
at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems, such as urban waters, estuaries, and
wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined with pollution  carried by rivers and streams and through
air deposition, can accumulate in these ecosystems and degrade them overtime. The EPA and its federal
partners, along with states, tribes, municipalities, and  private parties, will  continue efforts to restore the
integrity of these waters.
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                               Goal 2:  Protecting America's Waters


Puget Sound
The  Puget Sound  program's  FY 2016  budget request of $30.0 million  will allow the EPA to continue
supporting  efforts to protect and  restore the Puget Sound by implementing the Puget Sound Action
Agenda. The Action Agenda emphasizes three areas: shellfish, stormwater, and habitat. The goal is for
the estuary to support balanced indigenous populations of shellfish, fish and wildlife, and the  extensive list
of recognized uses of the Puget Sound, as well as to meet obligations under federal tribal treaties.

In 2016, the  Puget Sound program will focus federal  resources  to  accelerate the protection  and
restoration of riparian areas that are important habitat for endangered salmon stocks.  The EPA provides
leadership for the Puget Sound Federal Caucus and co-chairs the overall federal effort to address Treaty
Rights at Risk11. The EPA addresses  its obligations under federal Tribal treaties by funding Puget Sound
projects that support treaty-protected resources such as indigenous  populations of  shellfish, fish  and
other wildlife. The EPA's emphasis on these areas in implementing its actions in the Federal Habitat Plan
and  participating in the Tribal-Federal Habitat Forum demonstrate its commitment to  Tribal concerns in
Puget Sound. In 2016, the EPA will coordinate closely with the National  Oceanic and  Atmospheric
Administration and  USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service to accelerate riparian protection and
restoration. Additionally, the EPA will continue to provide leadership for the Puget Sound Federal Caucus,
facilitating coordination of Puget Sound work among the larger group of federal agencies  in the  Puget
Sound basin.

Great Lakes
In FY 2016,  $250 million in funding for the EPA-led Great  Lakes Restoration Initiative will address priority
environmental issues (e.g., toxic substances, nonpoint source pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and
invasive species) in the largest freshwater system in  the world. This carefully coordinated interagency
effort involves the cooperation of 16 federal agency partners and continues efforts under the second year
of a  new action plan. This effort has  contributed to the removal of 42  Beneficial Use  Impairments at 17
different Great Lakes Areas of Concern - four times the number of Beneficial Use Impairments removed
in the preceding 22 years.

The  EPA will continue  progress towards public and environmental health through both federal projects
and  projects  conducted in collaboration  with  states,  tribes, municipalities,  universities,  and  other
organizations. The  EPA will  continue  remediating and  restoring  Areas of  Concern,  preventing  and
controlling invasive species, protecting  nearshore areas  and  addressing nonpoint sources  of pollution,
protecting and  restoring habitats  and species, and addressing other issues, such as  implementing a
science-based adaptive management framework and  incorporating  climate resiliency criteria in  project
selection processes.

The  EPA will place a priority on: 1) cleaning up and de-listing Areas of Concern;  2) reducing phosphorus
contributions from agricultural and  urban lands that contribute to harmful algal blooms and other water
quality  impairments; and  3) invasive species  prevention.  Expected  outcomes include completing
management actions at additional Areas  of  Concern and delisting one or more Areas  of Concern;
reduction or control of terrestrial invasive species on an additional 10,000 acres; phosphorus reductions
from targeting sources of excess nutrients in sub-watersheds of the western basin of Lake Erie, Saginaw
Bay  on Lake Huron,  and Green Bay on Lake Michigan; and protection or restoration  of 28,000 acres of
Great Lakes habitats.

Chesapeake Bay
The  Chesapeake Bay Program  is funded in FY 2016 at  $70  million which will allow  the EPA-led inter-
agency Federal Leadership Committee to continue to implement the President's Executive Order (EO) on
Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration, to meet the EPA's broad responsibilities under Clean Water
Act Section  117. Most  of the  EPA's direct efforts will  focus on development and implementation  of the
management strategies under the new Bay Watershed Agreement, which was signed in June 2014 and
which builds on previous coordination under the EO.  The  agreement establishes  10 goals and 29
outcomes for sustainable fisheries, water quality, vital  habitats, climate change, toxic  contaminants, and
     more information, visit: http://nwifc.0rg/w/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2011/08/whitepaper628finalpdf.pdf
                                               34

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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters


other areas consistent with the EO.  The EPA and its federal  partners will work with the Bay watershed
jurisdictions to develop and implement management strategies for all of the outcomes. The EPA will also
continue its oversight of the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum  Daily Load (TMDL) and its support for the
Bay watershed jurisdictions as they implement their Watershed Implementation Plans (WIPs). The EPA
will continue  its  close work with  the jurisdictions and  thousands of  local governments by providing
financial support and technical guidance to effectively implement the TMDL. The EPA also will continue
implementation of a basin-wide Best Management Practice verification framework. In addition, the EPA
will continue refining and improving the publicly available web-based accountability tools ChesapeakeSfaf
and the Bay Tracking and Accounting System (BayTAS).

FY 2016 continued implementation of the compliance and enforcement strategy for the Bay watershed
will target sources of pollution impairing the Bay in the watershed  and airshed. The program met its FY
2014 targets for pollution controls for sediment and phosphorus, but not for nitrogen.  By FY 2016, the
program expects to achieve 45 percent of its goals for implementing nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment
reduction actions to achieve final TMDL allocations (the FY 2010 baseline is 0 percent, and the long term
goal is 100 percent goal achievement by 2025).

The EPA will continue its broad range of grant programs, and will prioritize funding for jurisdictions, local
governments and watershed organizations based on their proven ability to reduce nutrient and sediment
loads from key sectors such as urban development and  agriculture. The EPA also is working to ensure
that the states provide support to local governments for on the ground actions  necessary to achieve the
goals of the Bay TMDL. In FY 2016, the  EPA will  continue to  provide assistance to  Bay watershed
jurisdictions  working  to  improve  the viability and  integrity of their water quality offset  and  trading
programs. Several of the Bay watershed jurisdictions  have established or expanded water quality trading
programs to support the goals  of their WIPs and other milestones.

Gulf of Mexico Program
The Gulf of Mexico Program's FY 2016 budget request of $3.9 million will allow the EPA to continue its
support  for Gulf  restoration  work,  such as   improved  water quality,  habitat conservation and
replenishment,  environmental education/outreach and  protection of  coastal  and marine resources.
During FY 2016, funding will  support  (through the competitive federal process) the development and
implementation of comprehensive, stakeholder-informed coastal  improvement  projects  and tools. The
focus  will  be  projects   and  activities  which  directly support  "community-based"   restoration and
enhancement  of habitat, improvement of  water quality,  education on  climate change  and  coastal
resiliency issues, and critical environmental outreach  and education opportunities for the general public.
This program will also help to  serve the underserved  and under-represented communities of the Coast).
The EPA will continue to coordinate with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,  the  U. S. Department of
Commerce, other federal agencies,  the Gulf States, and other partners to leverage resources toward
projects within  the Gulf of Mexico region and the Mississippi River Basin.

Homeland Security

In FY 2016, the EPA will carry out a national training program for  water systems on recently completed
guidance and electronic tools to design and  deploy a  Water Quality Surveillance and Response System.
Deployment of a Water  Quality Surveillance and Response System can allow a water  utility to rapidly
detect  and respond to water quality problems like contamination  in the distribution system in order to
reduce  public  health and economic consequences.  The EPA also  will continue  to support the Water
Alliance for Threat Reduction to protect the nation's critical water infrastructure and oversee the national
laboratory network that forms the Water Laboratory Alliance. The Water Laboratory Alliance enables the
water sector to rapidly analyze a surge of laboratory samples during a significant contamination event.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to fulfill its obligations under Executive Order (EO) 13636 - Improving
Critical  Infrastructure Cybersecurity - which designates the  EPA as the lead agency  responsible for
cybersecurity in the water sector.  Recent assessments  by the Department  of Homeland Security have
supported the  widespread concern that the  primary threat  to the nation's critical infrastructure is cyber-
attack on Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Both drinking water and wastewater systems rely heavily on
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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters


ICS that were designed in many cases decades ago with little or no consideration of cyber security. Any
interruption of a clean and safe water supply will erode public confidence and could produce significant
public health and economic consequences.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to build  its capacity to identify and respond to threats to the nation's
critical water infrastructure. The EPA's wastewater and drinking water security efforts will continue to
support the water sector by providing access to information-sharing tools and mechanisms that provide
timely  information  on contaminant  properties,  water treatment  effectiveness,  detection technologies,
analytical protocols, and laboratory capabilities for use in responding to a water contamination event.

Research

The Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR)  research program, funded at $111.0 million in FY
2016, conducts research and provides the  information and tools to  EPA, water resource managers, and
other decision  makers  at all levels  of  government.  Research  integrates  social,  economic, and
environmental sciences to support the nation's range of growing water-use and ecological requirements.

The overarching watershed approach of the SSWR program's drinking water, wastewater, stormwater
and ecosystems research recognizes the dynamic 'one water' hydrologic cycle. Integrated throughout the
program are the goals of a sustainable environment, economy and society and the overarching drivers of
changing climate, extreme events, land use, energy, agriculture and demographic scenarios.

In order to  better achieve these goals in FY 2016  and beyond, the SSWR program  will be reorganized
around four interrelated topics:

•     Watershed Sustainability: Gathering, synthesizing,  and mapping the necessary environmental,
    economic,  and social  information of watersheds, from local to national scales, to determine  the
    condition, future prospects, and  restoration potential of the Nation's watersheds;
•     Nutrients  and  Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs):  Conducting  EPA  nitrogen  and  co-pollutant
    research efforts for multiple types of water bodies and coordinating across media (water,  land and air)
    and various temporal and  spatial scales, including support for developing numeric nutrient criteria,
    decision-support tools, and cost-effective approaches to  nutrient reduction.;
•     Green Infrastructure and Stormwater: Developing innovative tools, technologies, and strategies
    for managing water resources (including stormwater) today and over the long term as the climate and
    other conditions change; and
•     Water Systems: Developing tools and technologies for the sustainable  treatment of  water and
    wastewater, and promoting the  economic recovery of water, energy, and nutrient resources through
    innovative municipal water services and whole system assessment tools. This area focuses on small
    water systems and can be scaled up to  larger systems.

Hydraulic fracturing for oil and  gas  has the potential to impact surface and subsurface water  resources.
EPA research will assist decision makers (Federal, state, tribal, and local; industry and energy sectors;
and the public) in  making environmentally-responsible energy extraction and processing decisions. In
particular, research devoted to unconventional  oil  and gas activities, including hydraulic fracturing,  will
focus on understanding and preventing potential impacts on water resources (including drinking water).

To help achieve this goal, in FY 2016, the EPA  will respond to peer review comments from the Agency's
Science Advisory Board  (SAB) in order to finalize the  Study of Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing
for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources. This report will provide  a synthesis of the state of the
science, including the results of research focused on whether hydraulic fracturing impacts drinking water
resources, and if so, will identify the driving factors.

This work aligns with a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) EPA signed in 2012 with DOE and DOI to
develop a multi-agency  program to focus  on timely, policy relevant science to support sound  policy
decisions by state and Federal agencies for ensuring the prudent development of energy sources while
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                               Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters


protecting human  health and  the  environment.  Additional  goals  include minimizing potential risks in
developing these resources,  maximizing each agency's  particular strength, and  reducing interagency
overlap. In particular, the  EPA's Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) and the Safe  and Sustainable Water
(SSWR) research programs, will undertake a coordinated effort to study the potential impacts of hydraulic
fracturing  on air, water quality,  and ecosystems.  In  FY 2016, the  EPA will respond to peer review
comments  from  the Agency's  Science  Advisory  Board  (SAB)  in order  to finalize  the Study of
Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources. This report will
provide a synthesis  of the state of the  science, including the results of research focused on whether
hydraulic fracturing affects drinking water resources, and if so, will identify the driving factors.
                                               37

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               Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


        Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable
                                     Development

   Strategic Goal: Clean up communities, advance sustainable development,
   and protect disproportionately impacted low-income and minority
   communities. Prevent releases of harmful substances and clean up and
   restore contaminated areas.
                                                     Resource Summary
                                                        (Dollars in Thousands)
22.7% of Budget
FY2014
Enacted
FY2016
FY2015 President's
Enacted Budget
Difference
FY 201 5 EN
to FY 201 6
PresBud
1 - Promote Sustainable and Livable
   Communities
2 - Preserve Land
3 - Restore Land
4 - Strengthen Human Health and
   Environmental Protection in Indian
   Country	
  $455,794

  $226,932

$1,018,489


   $86,687
  $441,440

  $221,654

$1,025,551
  $504,572

  $238,863

$1,089,006
   $86,908    $121,038
$63,132

$17,209

$63,455


$34,130
 Goal 3 Total
$1,787,902   $1,775,553   $1,953,479
                            $177,926
Workyears
     3,890
     3,871
     3,820
    (51)
 NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Introduction

The EPA has made it a priority to collaborate closely with and effectively leverage efforts of other federal
agencies, states, tribes and  local communities to improve the health of American families and protect the
environment one community at a time, all across the country. Resources in Goal 3 will expand the work we do
to enhance the livability and economic vitality of neighborhoods in and around brownfields sites and take into
consideration  the impacts  of  our decisions  on  communities with  an emphasis  on disadvantaged,
overburdened and underserved communities. Requested resources will support improvements in oversight of
chemical storage and  manufacturing facilities, carried  out by the  EPA in coordination with our interagency
partners. In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to work to implement  enhance the tracking and management of
hazardous waste through modern electronic Manifest (e-Manifest) tracking system.

The EPA strives to protect and restore land, by cleaning up communities to create a safer environment for all
Americans. Hazardous and non-hazardous wastes on land can migrate to air, groundwater and surface water,
contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses and chronic diseases, and threatening healthy
ecosystems. Local land use  and infrastructure investments also can generate unanticipated environmental
consequences, such as increased stormwater runoff,  loss of open  space, and  increased greenhouse  gas
emissions.  By cleaning up  contaminated  sites and  returning them to communities for  reuse, assisting
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                 Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


communities  to  use  existing infrastructure  and plan  for  more  efficient and  livable  communities,  and
encouraging  the  minimization of environmental impacts throughout the  full life cycle  of materials, EPA
programs promote sustainability. The  EPA leads efforts to preserve,  restore, and protect our land, for both
current and future generations. We will continue our work to prevent and reduce exposure to contaminants,
accelerate the pace of cleanups, and reduce the environmental impacts associated with land use across the
country. The  EPA works collaboratively with international, state, Tribal, and local  partners to achieve these
aims. In addition, the  EPA will continue to work with communities to address risks posed by intentional and
accidental releases of hazardous substances into the  environment and ensure that communities  have an
opportunity to participate in environmental decisions that affect them. Our efforts are guided by scientific data,
tools, and research  that alert us  to  emerging issues  and inform decisions on managing materials  and
addressing contaminated properties.

In FY 2016, the EPA will partner with  state and tribes to prevent and reduce exposure to contaminants. For
example,  improved compliance at high-risk oil and  chemical facilities through inspections will help prevent
exposure and lower the  risk of accidents.  For example,  in June 2014, OSHA advised Region 2 of the EPA of
a facility  potentially out of compliance. The EPA inspected the facility and found significant corrosion  at the
facility which  indicated that an unplanned release of ammonia was possibly imminent. The EPA immediately
notified and worked  closely with the  local fire department, the  EPA's emergency  response program and
company representatives to address and avert the potential dangerous release of ammonia.

The  EPA  and its  key  state, Tribal,  and local partners, including affected communities, have matured  in our
collaborative  approaches to identifying and cleaning  up contaminated sites and putting these sites back into
productive use for communities. The EPA's Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI) leverages the full range of the
agency's  land cleanup authorities  to accelerate the  pace of cleanups, address  a greater number of
contaminated sites, and put  these  sites  back into  productive use while protecting human health and the
environment.  The agency will continue to  apply lessons  learned which includes practices that better integrate
the remedial design and remedial action phases of site cleanup.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, or Superfund) and
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)  provide legal authority for the EPA's work to protect
and  restore the  land. The agency  and  its  partners use Superfund  authority  to  clean  up uncontrolled or
abandoned hazardous waste sites,  allowing land to be returned to productive  use.  Under RCRA, the EPA
works in partnership with states and tribes to address risks associated with processes that generate, recycle,
transport, treat, store,  or dispose of waste.

Many communities across the country regularly face risks  posed by intentional and  accidental releases of
hazardous substances into the environment. Approximately 156 million people (roughly 51 percent of the U.S.
population) live within  3 miles of a Superfund, RCRA Corrective Action, or Brownfields site that received EPA
funding. This  population is more likely  to be minority, lower income, and linguistically isolated, and less likely
to have a high school education  than  the U.S. population as a whole.1 In  FY 2016, the agency is investing
over $1.29 billion to  continue to apply  the  most effective approaches to  preserve and  restore land by
developing and  implementing prevention programs, improving  response  capabilities, and maximizing the
effectiveness of response and cleanup actions under RCRA,  Superfund,  Leaking Underground Storage  Tanks
(LUST) and other authorities. This  strategy will help  ensure that human health  and the environment are
protected and that land is returned to beneficial use in the most effective way.

In FY 2016, scientific data, research, and cost-effective tools will support addressing needed improvements to
land  cleanup programs (e.g., Superfund, Brownfields,  RCRA Corrective  Action,  and LUST).  The EPA is
making significant progress  in assuring that  in advance of  the full cleanup process, unacceptable human
    1 Data collected includes: site information as of the end of FY11 from CERCLIS, RCRAInfo, and ACRES and census data from the
    2007-2011 American Community Survey. Data from FY11 was chosen to correspond most closely to the census data in the
    2007-2011 American Community Survey. In FY11 this included 1,393 Superfund sites, 3,689 RCRA Corrective Action sites and
    11,568 Brownfields sites. This universe of sites is not the same universe as in Figure 6. A circular site boundary, equal to the site
    acreage, was modeled around the latitude/longitude for each site and then a 3 mile buffer ring was placed around  the site
    boundary. Census data was then collected for each block group whose centroid fell within the three mile area.
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                 Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


exposures are eliminated or controlled as soon as possible. The RCRA Corrective Action and Superfund
programs have made significant progress in  stabilizing exposure, while longer-term cleanup moves forward.
Across all cleanup programs, the EPA will continue to take action to address any unacceptable exposures
and eliminate acute risks while also pursuing  long-term, permanent cleanups. This approach is exemplified by
the EPA's goal to control contaminated groundwater migration at 1,149 final and deleted NPL sites and non-
NPL sites through Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA) agreements; and to control human exposures to
contamination at 1,447 final and deleted NPL sites and non-NPL sites through SAA agreements by the end of
FY2016. As of the end of FY 2014, the EPA controlled human exposures and groundwater migration at 1,429
and 1,123 final and deleted NPL sites, respectively.

The  EPA also will continue to implement its Community Engagement Initiative  to ensure transparent and
accessible  decision-making  processes, deliver  information  that  communities can  use  to  participate
meaningfully, and help the EPA produce outcomes that are responsive to community perspectives and that
ensure timely cleanup decisions.

Under federal environmental  statutes, the  EPA  has responsibility  for protecting human  health and  the
environment  in  Indian country. Under the EPA's 1984  Indian Policy, the  agency works with tribes on a
government-to-government basis  in recognition of the federal government's trust responsibility to federally-
recognized tribes and that the "EPA recognizes tribes as the primary parties for setting standards, making
environmental policy decisions, and  managing programs for reservations consistent with  agency standards
and regulations."

Major FY 2016 Changes

The  FY 2016 request funds top priority work under Goal 3, specifically focused on communities, accident
prevention, hazardous substance cleanup,  sustainability,  and building a High  Performing  Environmental
Protection Enterprise. Four key investments  critical to advancing  core program work and  FY 2016 priorities
are discussed below.

Circuit Riders
Many communities lack the capacity and expertise for environmental decision-making—for example, to build
resilience to  climate change into their decision-making—and  have expressed a strong need for technical
assistance. The EPA, however, does not have the resources to directly provide technical assistance to every
community. In FY 2016, EPA will fund a cadre of non-EPA "circuit riders" in every region who can partner with
the EPA Regional Offices to provide on-the-ground support to multiple communities through the provision of
tools, training, technical assistance, data, and information.

Regional Community Resource Coordinators:
In FY 2016, the EPA will provide each EPA  Regional Office FTE for cross-agency, multi-media Community
Resource  Coordinators to focus  on  climate,  sustainability, and  communities. These coordinators will help
ensure that EPA resources and expertise meet community needs in a more holistic way. These coordinators
also will work as a cross-agency, cross-goal, multi-media team  to facilitate  access for overburdened and
vulnerable communities to leverage the wide  range of EPA programmatic expertise and resources, in order to
develop their own solutions.

Multi-media GHG Mitigation:
In addition, the EPA will  direct a total of $1.3 million to support the EPA's commitment  in climate mitigation
through waste program activities  to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).  The Air Program is making
excellent progress addressing GHG emissions from power plants, vehicles, oil, and gas operations. However,
further efforts are required to put the country on an emissions trajectory consistent with the President's long-
term climate  goals. This work will leverage synergies across climate mitigation activities  in the Waste and
Water programs to generate substantial GHG  reductions, resulting in significant co-benefits in  non-GHG
reduction program areas (e.g., waste reduction, water savings, and job creation).
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                 Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


Environmental Justice
In FY 2016, the EPA will enhance its ability to engage communities to support their ability to be full partners in
agency  programs that make a visible  difference in their community by working to provide holistic central
mechanisms to  support, assist, and engage with  overburdened  communities and vulnerable  populations,
including Tribal  populations,  rural communities and children. The goal is to  provide communities with the
support  needed  in order to leverage  and work in conjunction  with existing  agency programs  such as
Brownfields, Urban Waters, Sustainable Communities, and Area Wide Planning, as well as with other federal
programs.  This  approach  is  in keeping with the EJ  program's overall emphasis of fostering greater
collaboration and leveraging of resources across  EPA and the rest of the federal family. Supporting the
creation of such  collaborations in vulnerable  and overburdened communities will  ensure that communities
attain the necessary capacity and skills to fully benefit from specialized agency programs. With a  focus on
peer-to-peer learning  and collaboration,  the EPA will make critical use  of the  successful  support and
engagement that these programs have achieved, by leveraging those community  experiences in a broader
yet more focused manner. This approach is also consistent with feedback received through discussions with
community leaders. Within the EJ program, the  agency will redirect $5.0 million to  build community capacity
and  will provide $1.0 million  for technical  assistance  and  training  to overburdened and  vulnerable
communities for technical assistance and training on how to use air and water sensors.

Agency Priority  Goals

As part  of the development of EPA's  FY 2014-2018  Strategic Plan, the EPA established FY 2014-2015
Agency  Priority Goals (APGs), During FY 2015, the agency will establish the next round of APGs for FY 2016-
2017. The APG that supports Goal 3 is:

Clean up contaminated sites to  enhance the livability and economic vitality of communities. By September 30,
2015, an  additional 18,970  sites will  be made ready for anticipated use protecting  Americans and the
environment one  community at a time.

All of OSWER's cleanup programs (Superfund,  RCRA Corrective Action, Brownfields, and LUST) contribute
to this APG and take positive action to protect human health and the environment through the cleanup and
revitalization of contaminated properties.

Additional information on the EPA's APGs can be found atwww.performance.gov.

FY 2016 Activities

In FY 2016, the EPA will work to preserve and restore the nation's land by ensuring proper management of
waste and petroleum products,  reducing waste generation, increasing recycling and by supporting its cleanup
programs and oversight of oil and chemical facilities. These efforts are integrated with the agency's  efforts to
promote sustainable  and livable communities.  Work under Goal 3 supports four objectives:  1)  Promote
Sustainable and Livable Communities, 2)  Preserve  Land; 3) Restore Land; and 4) Strengthen Human Health
and Environmental Protection in Indian Country.

Objective 1: Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities. Support sustainable, resilient,  and livable
communities by working with local, state, Tribal, and federal partners to promote smart growth,  emergency
preparedness and recovery planning, redevelopment and reuse of contaminated and formerly contaminated
sites, and the equitable distribution of environmental benefits.

The  EPA supports the goals of urban, suburban and rural communities  to grow  in ways that  improve the
environment, human health and quality  of life for their residents. With the support of partners across all levels
of government, communities can grow in ways that  also strengthen the economy, help them adapt to climate
change, improve  their resiliency to disasters, use public resources more efficiently, revitalize neighborhoods,
and  improve access to jobs and  amenities. By  making sustainable infrastructure investments, communities
can successfully  build  innovative and functional systems on neighborhood streets and sidewalks to  deal with
the  run-off from stormwater and still provide  easy  access for pedestrians, bicyclists, on-street  parking and
other beneficial uses. Under local planning and zoning codes that  account for the  environmental impacts of
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                 Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


development, the private sector can more easily construct market-ready "green" buildings serving a range of
housing needs. Communities also can benefit from tools, technology and research that better engage citizens
and inform local decision making to support smart and sustainable growth.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to use several approaches to promote sustainable, healthier communities
and  protect  vulnerable populations  and disproportionately  impacted  low-income, minority, and Tribal
communities. The agency is concerned  about threats to sensitive  populations, such as children, the elderly,
and individuals with chronic  diseases.

Brownfields
The EPA's Brownfields program  is funded at nearly $189 million, contributing significantly to  the  agency's
Smart Growth activities. This program supports states, local communities, and Tribes in their efforts to assess
and cleanup sites that may be contaminated within their jurisdiction and return them to productive reuse. The
Brownfields program also helps address climate change by ensuring that potential impacts are taken fully into
account when brownfield cleanups are  planned and implemented. The Brownfields  program works closely
with  communities like   Waterbury,  Connecticut, where grants to redevelop brownfields resulted in the
completion of a new public  park,  an  urban garden and greenhouse facility, and the creation of an  industrial
commons which brought new manufacturing jobs into the city. Many of these projects in EPA's Region 1 have
also helped employ local workers trained through the EPA's Brownfields job training program.

In FY 2016, the EPA plans to award approximately 151  assessment grants, and 18 Environmental Workforce
Development and Job Training grants. The agency will award 64 direct cleanup cooperative agreements of up
to $200 thousand per site to eligible  entities and non-profits, as authorized  under CERCLA 104(k)(3). The
EPA will continue to focus  on  area-wide  planning (AWP)  grants  and provide technical assistance through
Targeted Brownfield Assessments, cooperative agreements, interagency agreements,  and/or contracts  to
support area  wide planning activities. The FY  2016 funding  request includes an estimated $5.1  million  to
perform Targeted Brownfields Assessments for 51 communities.  These grants  support the EPA's targeted
effort  to achieve 1,200 assessments  each year and, in FY 2014, the EPA  surpassed  its goal, completing
1,659 assessments.

Funding also will support assessment and cleanup of abandoned underground  storage tanks (USTs) and
other  petroleum contamination found  on brownfields  properties (estimated at  $27.5 million) for up  to
approximately ten Targeted Brownfields  Assessments and  approximately  132  Brownfields  assessment,
Revolving Loan  Fund and  cleanup cooperative agreements, as authorized  under CERCLA  104(k)(2) and
CERCLA 104(k)(3). Funding also will support additional training, research, technical assistance, and support
for Area Wide Planning communities through cooperative  agreements, interagency agreements, and direct
services from contractors (estimated at $5.4 million),  as  authorized under CERCLA 104(k)(6).

The  next grant  competition for  Revolving Loan  Fund (RLF) cooperative  agreements  will  occur in  FY
2016. Funding will support the capitalization of approximately six revolving loan fund cooperative agreements
(estimated at $4.9 million) to enable  eligible entities to make loans and  sub-grants  to  clean up brownfield
properties. The EPA will also  provide an estimated $7.8 million  in supplemental funding to  existing high
performing RLF recipients.

Chemical Facility Safety
In FY 2016, the EPA is providing $27.8 million for the State and Local Prevention and Preparedness  program,
to support efforts to improve  chemical facility safety  through  stakeholder  outreach, emergency  planning
assistance, high-risk chemical  facility inspections, and other activities related to the President's  Executive
Order on Improving Chemical Facility Safety and Security2. There is a critical need for the agency to continue
efforts to prevent and  respond  to accidental releases of harmful substances  by developing clear authorities
and training  personnel. Accidents  reported to  the  EPA since  2005  by  the  current  universe  of Risk
Management Program  facilities have resulted  in approximately 60 worker and  public  deaths, over 1,300
    2See, Executive Order 13650: Improving Chemical Facility Safety and Security issued August 1, 2013 and Actions to Improve
    Chemical Facility Safety and Security - a Shared Commitment report issued May 2014.
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                 Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


injuries, nearly 200 thousand people sheltered in place, and more than $1.6 billion in  on-site  and off-site
damages. States  and communities often lack the capacity needed to prepare for and/or respond to these
emergencies  or to  prevent them  from happening  in  the  first place.  The  EPA's Region 2 worked in
collaboration with  states and tribes to develop standard operating procedures for a unified federal, state, and
local approach for identifying and responding to risks at chemical facilities and a plan to improve operational
coordination. These procedures are now being used as a model for all other of the EPA's Regional Offices.
The increased funding level requested for the State and Local Prevention and Preparedness program will
build off of these efforts  and provide  further  avenues and  opportunities to assist communities and  bring
together a variety  of stakeholders to improve  operational safety and response capabilities.

Smart Growth
The Smart Growth program helps community and government leaders protect the environment and public
health, build the economy, and improve the  quality of people's everyday lives  by making smart growth and
sustainable design practices commonplace. Also, through the Partnership for Sustainable Communities, in its
fifth year, EPA's Smart Growth  program works with the U.S. Department of Transportation  (DOT) and the
U.S. Department of  Housing  and Urban  Development  (HUD)  to align  housing,  transportation,  and
infrastructure investments and policies, and build capacity in communities to grow in a more sustainable and
resilient manner. The agency's Smart Growth program works across the EPA and  with other federal agencies
to help  communities strengthen their economies and protect the environment through use of resilient, and
sustainable design approaches. This program focuses on  streamlining, concentrating, and leveraging state
and federal assistance in urban, suburban, and rural communities that offer the greatest  opportunity for
development that will deliver environmental and economic benefits, and offer protection against the impacts of
climate change.

In FY 2016, the Smart Growth program will continue work to help community and government leaders meet
environmental  standards  through sustainable  community and  building  development, design, policies, and
infrastructure  investment  strategies. The program does this by: providing technical assistance to states,
Regional Offices,  and local  and Tribal governments; conducting research and  developing  tools  that help
communities see the connection between development and the environment, the economy, and public health;
and, engaging, leveraging  and aligning community-based activities  and allotments  with  other  federal
agencies. The  program will  continue to innovate and use new mechanisms to address the growing demand
from communities for more direct technical assistance,  including in  rural  areas,   in areas  that are
disadvantaged,  or in areas that  have been  adversely  affected  by  contamination   and   environmental
degradation.

Environmental Justice
The EPA is committed to  fostering public health in communities disproportionately burdened  by pollution by
integrating and addressing issues of environmental justice (EJ) in  the EPA's programs and policies as part of
its day-to-day business. The EPA's EJ program promotes accountability for compliance with Executive Order
12898,  "Federal  Actions  to  Address  Environmental  Justice  in Minority  Populations and Low-Income
Populations." The EPA's program offices implement the EPA's strategic plan on Environmental Justice, Plan
EJ  2014  and  its successor plan  which  will  be  finalized  in  2015.3 The  EJ program  facilitates this
implementation by: (1) supporting and promoting the agency's efforts to address environmental justice issues;
(2) supporting  the EPA's  outreach  to other federal agencies through the interagency working group on
environmental justice;  and, (3) promoting opportunities for communities to be heard and meaningfully engage
with the federal government on environmental justice issues.  In FY 2016, EPA is requesting  $6.0 million to
provide  overburdened and vulnerable communities to build capacity and to provide technical assistance and
training  to help  address local environmental  and public health issues. In FY 2016, the proposed budget for
Environmental Justice is $14.6 million.

Objective 2: Preserve  Land.  Conserve resources and prevent land contamination  by reducing waste
generation and toxicity, promoting proper management of waste and petroleum products,  and increasing
sustainable materials management.
    ' Plan EJ 2014 can be found at http://www.epa.gov/compliance/environmentaliustice/plan-ei/index.html
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                 Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


RCRA Waste Management
The FY 2016 budget provides $70.8 million to the RCRA Waste Management program. The RCRA program is
critical to comprehensive and protective management of solid and hazardous materials for the entire lifecycle.
Resources  for  state implementation are provided through the Hazardous Waste Financial  Assistance
categorical  grant. In  FY 2016, RCRA permits  for approximately 20,000  hazardous waste units  (such as
incinerators and landfills) at 6,600 treatment, storage, and disposal facilities permits will be issued, updated or
maintained. The EPA provides leadership, work-sharing, and support to the states and territories authorized
to implement the permitting program and directly implements the entire RCRA program in Iowa and Alaska.4
The EPA is facing an increasing amount of implementation support responsibility at the  request of states,
including addressing complex regulatory and statutory interpretation issues. Requests for this type of support
are expected to  continue through FY 2016. The EPA's long-term goal is to ensure 500 additional facilities
receive new or updated  controls, which is described in the Agency's FY 2014-2018 Strategic Plan. In FY
2014, the EPA completed 129  accomplishments  and since FY 2009, due  to  EPA's  work, 745 facilities
received new or updated  controls.
The agency is bolstering the RCRA Tribal program by directing a total of $3 million in  extramural funds to
support and advance two of the  agency's priorities - Making a Visible Difference  in Communities across the
Country and Launching a New Era of State, Tribal and Local Partnerships. This shift will be accompanied by
the introduction of a new  RCRA performance measure of EPA technical assistance provided to tribes.

The agency also will support national polychlorinated  biphenyl (PCB) cleanup  and disposal activities by:
assessing emerging  technologies and issuing approvals (no  states can be authorized for PCBs);  and
evaluating PCB wastes against the criteria specified in the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). This effort
will be tracked  by a  performance measure that was implemented  in FY 2014 to track all approvals  (i.e.,
cleanup, storage and disposal activities) issued  by the EPA under TSCA. The EPA estimates approximately
20 disposal and storage approvals and 130 cleanup approvals are issued per year. The annual target for both
FY 2015 and 2016 for the comprehensive measure for cleanups, disposal, and storage activities is  200. The
EPA issued 927 approvals between  FY 2009 and FY 2014.

Hazardous  Waste Electronic Manifest
On October 5,  2012, the President signed the Hazardous Waste  Electronic Manifest Establishment Act,
requiring the EPA to develop and maintain a hazardous waste electronic manifest system. The system will be
designed to, among other functions, assemble and maintain the information contained in the estimated five
million forms accompanying hazardous waste shipments across the nation. In FY 2013, the EPA initiated the
effort to develop a program that provided for the submission of information electronically, as well as in paper
form. This commitment at the federal level will significantly reduce the time and costs for state regulators and
regulated entities associated  with submitting,  maintaining,  processing, and publishing data from hazardous
waste manifests. When fully implemented, the electronic hazardous waste manifest (e-Manifest) program will
reduce the  reporting burden for firms regulated under RCRA's hazardous waste provisions by approximately
$75 million annually.

In FY 2016, the EPA is providing a total of $7.8 million within the RCRA Waste Management program for the
e-Manifest account, to continue work on the e-Manifest system. This increase in contract funding is necessary
to keep on schedule for system completion. This funding will allow development of the e-Manifest IT system
to continue  during FY 2016 in order to produce the system scheduled for completion in FY2018. In  FY2016,
the EPA plans to perform the following key activities:

Continue the development of the e-Manifest IT system using an  agile strategy that involves the rollout testing
of key system components as they are developed;
Complete the proposed User Fee rule in mid-FY 2016, including the economic models supporting this rule;
       •   Analyze and  select  the accounting and financial  reporting  structures  needed to collect and
           manage user fees;
       •   Establish the e-Manifest Advisory Board, consisting of  state and industry stakeholders and IT
           experts, to provide input on system performance and user fee adjustments; and
    ' http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/tsd/permit/pgprarpt.htm
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             Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
    •   Coordinate with the agency's E-Enterprise effort to incorporate relevant concepts, approaches,
       and tools during system development. E-Manifest remains a key component of the E-Enterprise
       business model.

In 2014, the EPA completed the regulation that authorizes the electronic transmittal of manifests, began
work under a new contract for development of the technical architecture of the system, and began  work
on the user fee rule. Once this system is in place, the legislation provides that fees collected through the
program will be used to fund the operation of the program and reimburse system development costs.

Sustainable Materials Management (SMM)
In FY 2016,  the  EPA will continue to  advance  SMM  practices and a cradle-to-cradle perspective
representing  an  important emphasis shift from waste  management  to  materials  management. The
agency's approach to SMM integrates the safe reuse of materials with economic opportunity. In FY 2016,
the EPA will utilize SMM to offset the use of virgin resources by 9,450,000 tons of materials and products.
The target for FY 2015 was increased from previous years due to results realized through the new SMM
programs and improvements in recovery reported in FY 2012 where 9,002,588 tons were offset. In FY
2016, the EPA will continue to promote the SMM approach in high priority areas (e.g., Sustainable Food
Management, Used Electronics, and Federal Government), which are selected based on an analysis of
opportunities  for reducing environmental impacts in  Sustainable Materials Management:  The Road
Ahead.5 In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to lead by example, and will help other federal agencies adopt
SMM approaches and promote the  reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,  which furthers the goals of
Executive Order 13514 ("Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy,  and Economic  Performance"),
and also save money. For example, the EPA estimates that the national implementation of the Federal
Green Challenge has saved the taxpayers more than $10 million by the end of FY 2014. The EPA also
will explore the application of the  SMM approach  into  other high priority sectors, based on lessons
learned from the first two years of the national SMM program and re-evaluation of The Road Ahead.

In FY 2016, the EPA proposes to provide Regional Offices with five additional FTE in the waste program
to support multi-media Community Resource Coordinators that will partner with states, tribes, and  local
governments  to strengthen capacity to adapt to a changing climate, increase resiliency in communities,
and increase collaboration.  In  addition, the EPA will increase extramural  funding to support  the EPA's
work in  climate mitigation through waste  program  activities  to reduce greenhouse gas  emissions
(GHG). These funds  can  be used to  focus  on: increasing the recycling  rates for containers and
packaging; enhancing and expanding results-driven materials recovery programs; working with the public
and private sectors to provide funding to assist  state and local governments and NGOs focused on
materials recovery infrastructure development and behavior change;  and providing technical assistance
to recycling programs.

LUST Prevention
There is a strong relationship between LUST clean up success and reducing the number of  new releases
through the prevention program. Since 2007, the EPA  has placed an increased emphasis on  monitoring
compliance through increased frequency of inspections and other Energy Policy Act (EPAct) provisions.
During  this time, compliance rates have increased by  6.5 percent and there has been a  significant
decrease in new confirmed releases. The continued reduction in  confirmed releases will remain a critical
component in backlog reduction (which  is  at the lowest level since  1990),  but maintaining cleanup
progress is essential as well.  In FY 2014, the EPA increased to 72.5 percent the number of UST facilities
that were in  significant operational compliance with leak prevention  and detection requirements. The
collaboration  between the EPA and  states and tribes contributes to this success and supports the cross-
agency strategy for A New Era of State, Local, Tribal, and International Partnerships.
In FY 2016, the EPA  will provide  $28.9 million to continue  assisting states  in complying with release
prevention  activities authorized by the EPAct.  States  rely primarily  on federally  funded assistance
agreements  to maintain inspection frequency and  ensure compliance which will  help  prevent future
confirmed releases.  States  may use  money from LUST assistance  agreements for inspections, other
5 U.S. EPA OSWER ORCR. Sustainable Materials Management: The Road Ahead. June 2009
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/pdf/vision2.pdf.
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             Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
release prevention and compliance  assurance activities for federally-regulated  USTs, and enforcement
activities related to release prevention.

Objective  3:  Restore  Land.  Prepare  for  and  respond  to  accidental  or  intentional releases  of
contaminants and clean up and restore polluted sites for reuse.

Land Cleanup and Revitalization
In addition to  promoting  sustainable  and livable communities,  the  EPA's cleanup programs (e.g.,
Superfund  Remedial, Superfund  Federal  Facilities Response,  Superfund  Emergency Response and
Removal, RCRA Corrective Action,  Brownfields, the Toxic Substances Control Act,  PCB Cleanup and
Disposal, and LUST Cooperative Agreements) and  its partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate the
cleanup  and  revitalization of  contaminated properties. To support the  Land Revitalization Initiative, in
2004 the EPA created the Land Revitalization Agenda6 to integrate reuse into EPA's  cleanup programs,
establish partnerships, and help make land revitalization part of EPA's organizational culture.

Superfund  properties are often  reused  as commercial  facilities, retail centers, government offices,
residential areas, industrial and manufacturing operations,  and parks and recreational  areas. In the EPA's
Region 4, on-site businesses and organizations on current  and former Superfund sites provide over 6,200
jobs and contribute an estimated $334 million  in annual  employment income for residents  across the
Southeast. Restored on-site properties in  Region 4 generate about  $4.4 million in annual property tax
revenues for local governments.

In FY 2016, the agency will continue to help communities clean  up and revitalize these once productive
properties  by:  removing  contamination;  helping limit  urban  sprawl;   fostering  ecologic  habitat
enhancements; enabling  economic development; taking  advantage  of  existing   infrastructure; and
maintaining  or improving quality of  life. There are  multiple  benefits associated  with cleaning up
contaminated sites: reducing  mortality and morbidity risk; preventing and reducing human exposure to
contaminants; making land available for  commercial,  residential,  industrial, or recreational  reuse; and
promoting community economic development. A 2011  study suggests that Superfund cleanups  reduce
the incidence of congenital anomalies in infants by roughly 20-25 percent to mothers living within 2,000
meters of a site.7  A 2013 study found that when sites are cleaned up and deleted from the National
Priorities List (NPL), properties within three miles of the sites experience an 18.6 to 24.5 percent increase
in value.8

A cumulative total of 1,707  sites have been listed  on the Superfund National Priorities  List  (NPL),
including 385  which have  now  been  deleted.  Sites  are  placed  on the NPL when the presence of
contamination,  often  from  complex chemical  mixtures of hazardous  substances,  has  impacted
groundwater,  surface water, and/or  soil. The  precise impact of  many contaminant mixtures on  human
health  remains uncertain; however, substances commonly found at Superfund sites have been linked to a
variety  of human  health  problems,  such  as  birth defects,  infertility,  cancer,   and changes  in
neurobehavioral functions. By the end of FY 2016, the agency plans to achieve control of all  identified
unacceptable human exposures at 18 additional sites (compared to FY 2014 accomplishments), bringing
the program's cumulative total of Human Exposure Under Control (HEUC) sites to 1,447. Additionally, the
agency expects to achieve Groundwater Migration  Under Control  (GMUC)  at 26 additional sites by the
end  of FY 2016 (compared to FY 2014  accomplishments),  bringing the program's  cumulative total to
1,149 sites.

The FY  2016 budget provides  $190.7 million for  the Superfund  Emergency Response and  Removal
program. The agency will continue  to support all emergency actions and focus on  encouraging viable
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs), when available, to conduct removal actions. In FY 2016, the EPA
6 Additional information on this agenda can be found on http://www.epa.gov/landrevitalization/agenda_full.htm
7 Currie, Janet; Michael Greenstone, and Enrico Moretti. 2011. "Superfund Cleanups and Infant Health." American Economic
Review, 101(3): 435-41.
8 S. Gamper-Rabindran, C. Timmins. 2013. "Does cleanup of hazardous waste sites raise housing values? Evidence of spatially
localized benefits," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management.
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             Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
will complete  or oversee  a total of 275  Superfund-lead and  PRP-lead removal  actions  (including
voluntary, Administrative Order on Consent, and Unilateral Administrative Order actions).

The Superfund Remedial program is funded at $539.6 million in FY 2016. The agency will continue to
give  priority to completing  projects at various stages in the  response process, such as investigation,
remedial design, and  remedy construction. This strategy will  help support community revitalization and
economic redevelopment  and  will provide funding  to  initiate cleanup  construction work  at  several
construction projects. The targets for remedial action  completions,  human exposure under  control,
groundwater migration under control and site-wide ready  for anticipated use will remain at FY 2015 levels
at 105, 9, 13, and 45 respectively.

RCRA Corrective Action
The FY 2016  budget provides $37 million for the RCRA Corrective Action program.  The EPA works in
partnership with states,  having  authorized 44 states  and territories to directly implement the corrective
action  program.9 Resources for state implementation are provided through Hazardous Waste Financial
Assistance categorical grants. This program is responsible for overseeing and managing cleanups that
protect human health  and the environment at  active  RCRA sites. The  agency provides  leadership and
support to  its  state partners and serves as lead regulator at a  significant, and increasing,  number of
facilities. States have been challenged in the  cleanup area due to downsizing and  are  looking to  the
federal program for assistance. As a result and  at the request of states,  the  EPA has resumed, where
resources allow, work previously agreed to by states under  work-sharing agreements.  This trend has
been increasing, particularly for sites that have complex issues10 or for more  specialized  tasks such as
ecological risk assessments.

Through  its RCRA Corrective Action program,  the EPA  and its state partners will issue,  update,  or
maintain  RCRA permits for 3,779 hazardous waste facilities. The facilities are  a subset of approximately
6,000  sites with  corrective action obligations and  include  some  of  the most  highly  contaminated,
technically  challenging,  and potentially  threatening  sites  the  EPA confronts  in  any  of  its cleanup
programs.11 As of the end  of FY 2014, there remains a  significant workload to be addressed.  Only 25
percent of the  3,779 facilities have  reached the  end goal  of completing cleanup, so this leaves over 2,800
facilities  still needing  oversight  and technical support to reach their final goal  of completing site-wide
cleanup objectives. Through FY 2014, the EPA controlled human exposures and groundwater migration
at 87.3 and 79 percent of RCRA corrective action facilities respectively. A critical aspect of the program is
to implement final remedies and  in Region 3 over 40  remedies were implemented, enabling 6,500 acres
to be ready for reuse. The sites are now being used for a new 22-story office tower, a casino and a
potential multi-billion dollar economic development for the Sparrows Point facility.

In FY 2016, the EPA will focus resources on those sites that present the  highest risk to human health and
the environment and implement actions to end or reduce  these threats. The EPA will also place additional
focus on identifying facilities where the  corrective action process can be considered completed (i.e.,
where cleanup performance standards have been met, or no further cleanup action is  necessary). These
activities will be consistent  with the programmatic response developed by the  agency after a  2011 GAO
report on the  RCRA corrective  action program, which also is reflected in revisions to targets for three
RCRA Corrective Action  performance measures.

LUST Cleanup
The EPA's goal is to  prevent future releases of wastes in the environment. Accidents can  happen  but
proper prevention leads to fewer and fewer releases. In FY 2016, the LIST program will primarily focus on:
inspections; technical assistance;  financial assurance mechanisms; safe transition to alternative fuels;
9 State implementation of the CA Program is funded through the STAG (Program Project 11) and matching State contributions.
10 For example, vapor intrusion, wetlands contamination or extensive groundwater issues.
11 There are additional facilities that have corrective action obligations that the EPA does not track under GPRA, as they are
typically smaller, less significant facilities or sites. The EPA recognizes that the total universe of such facilities or sites "subject
to" corrective action universe is between five and six thousand facilities or sites.
                                               48

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             Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
implementation in Indian country; bringing petroleum brownfields  properties  into productive use, and
implementing the revised LIST regulations.

The  LUST program has  achieved  significant  success in  closing releases since the beginning  of the
program. End of year FY 2014 data show that, of the approximately 521,000 releases reported since the
beginning of the LIST program in 1988, 447,323 (or 85.8  percent)  have been cleaned up.  This means
approximately 74,000  releases remain that have not reached cleanup completion. The LUST program
continues to make progress decreasing the overall backlog; however, the pace of cleanups  is declining.
In FY 2014, the program completed 10,393 LUST cleanups. Achieving these cleanup rates  in the future
will be more challenging due to the  complexity of remaining  sites,  an increased  state  workload, a
decrease  in available state resources and the increasing costs of cleanups. In  FY 2011, the LUST
program  completed  a study of its cleanup backlog. The EPA's backlog study helped  identify potential
strategies to  address  the remaining UST releases12. The EPA is  working with states to develop and
implement specific strategies and activities applicable to their particular sites to reduce the UST releases
remaining to be cleaned up.

Oil Spill Prevention
The discharge of oil into U.S.  waters can threaten  human  health, cause severe environmental damage,
and create financial loss to businesses  and the public. The  Oil Spill program helps protect U.S. waters by
effectively preventing,  preparing for, responding to,  and monitoring oil spills. The EPA serves as the lead
responder for cleanup of all  inland zone spills,  including transportation-related spills from pipelines,
trucks, and other transportation systems, and provides technical assistance and support to the U.S. Coast
Guard for coastal and maritime oil spills. In FY 2016, the  EPA will continue to focus efforts on oil spill
prevention, preparedness, compliance  assistance,  and enforcement activities  associated with the more
than 600 thousand non-transportation-related oil storage facilities that the EPA  regulates through its Spill
Prevention Control  and  Countermeasure (SPCC)  Program.  In  addition,   the  agency  will  finalize
development  and begin implementation of the National Oil Database including identifying requirements
for electronic submission of Facility Response Plans (FRP)  in order to create reporting efficiencies for the
agency, states, local government and industry.

In FY 2016, the EPA is providing a total  of $18.5 million for the Oil Spill Prevention,  Preparedness and
Response  program.  The EPA will perform  inspections   of regulated  high-risk  oil  facilities to better
implement prevention approaches and to  bring 60 percent of SPCC and FRP inspected facilities found to
be non-compliant during the FY 2010 through FY 2015 inspection  cycle into compliance. The EPA will
emphasize emergency preparedness, particularly through the use of unannounced drills and exercises, to
ensure facilities and  responders can effectively implement response plans. In FY 2014, the EPA was able
to bring 79 percent of FRP and 72 percent of SPCC facilities into compliance due to the development of
improved guidance and procedures. The program will focus resources on bringing non-compliant facilities
into compliance.

Homeland Security
The EPA's Homeland Security work is an important  component of the agency's prevention, protection,
and response activities. The FY 2016 budget submission includes $31.5 million to: maintain  its capability
to respond effectively to incidents that  may involve harmful chemical, biological, and  radiological (CBR)
substances; maintain the Environmental  Response Laboratory Network  (ERLN); develop and maintain
agency expertise and operational readiness for all phases of consequential management following a CBR
incident, specifically  environmental characterization, decontamination, laboratory analyses and clearance;
maintain the Emergency Management Portal (EMP); and conduct CBR training for agency responders to
improve CBR preparedness.

Objective 4: Strengthen Human Health and Environmental Protection in  Indian Country. Directly
implement federal environmental programs in Indian  country and support federal program delegation to
12 For more information, please see The National LUST Cleanup Backlog: A Study of Opportunities at
http://www.epa.gov/swerustl/cat/backlog.html
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             Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


tribes. Provide tribes with technical assistance and support capacity development for the establishment
and implementation of sustainable environmental programs in Indian country.

Few tribes have sought federal  environmental  program implementation  authorities.  Small  and under-
staffed Tribal environmental departments, a lack of quality baseline data, and the nuances of Indian law
all present challenges to greater environmental protection in Indian  Country. The EPA Tribal  General
Assistance Program (GAP) is the primary resource available to Tribes to assist with capacity building and
the development of environmental protection programs in Indian Country. In 2016, the EPA will increase
significantly its support for environmental protection in Indian Country by providing $96 million under the
Tribal GAP,  a  $31 million increase from 2015. The increased  investment  in Tribal environmental
protection addresses long-standing challenges to recruit and retain qualified environmental professionals
to remote  locations in Indian  Country,  and recognizes the need for increased resources as Tribes
approach the implementation of environmental regulatory programs.

Tribal GAP funding enables Tribal governments to recruit committed people to help build environmental
programs.  Examples  of  activities  eligible  for  funding include conducting environmental  education,
performing assessments of indoor  air quality or household pesticide usage, developing media-specific
(e.g., solid waste,  air, water)  environmental protection plans, drafting environmental regulations,  and
assessing baseline environmental conditions.

The  EPA will continue to  support the success of the Tribal GAP by continuing to implement new Tribal
GAP guidance  and indicators, working with Tribes to complete long-range EPA-Tribal Environmental
Plans (ETEP) to serve  as the basis for shorter-term Tribal GAP work plans, and developing  new
performance measures to better track the effectiveness of EPA's technical assistance and other support
to Tribes as well as to monitor  the progress of Tribes to develop their own environmental programs. The
magnitude of Tribal environmental and human health challenges reinforces the importance of the EPA's
commitment to maintaining strong environmental  protections in Indian Country.

The  EPA  also works  under two important  Tribal  infrastructure Memoranda of  Understandings (MOD)
among five federal agencies13. The EPA, the Department  of the Interior, the Department of Health and
Human Services, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development
work as partners to improve infrastructure on Tribal lands and currently focus efforts on providing access
to safe drinking water and basic wastewater facilities to tribes.

The first, or umbrella MOU, promotes coordination among federal Tribal infrastructure programs, including
financial services, while allowing federal programs to  retain their unique advantages. Under the umbrella
MOU, for  the first time, five federal departments joined together and agreed to work across traditional
program boundaries on Tribal infrastructure issues. The efficiencies and partnerships  resulting from this
collaboration  will directly  assist tribes with their infrastructure  needs.  The second MOU,  addressing  a
specific infrastructure issue, was created  under the umbrella authority and addresses the issue of access
to safe drinking water and wastewater facilities on Tribal lands. Currently, the five federal agencies are
working together to develop  solutions  for specific  geographic areas  of concern  (Alaska and the
Southwest), engaging in coordination of funding, and promoting cross-agency efficiency. These activities
are completed in coordination with  federally recognized tribes. Additionally, the EPA has entered  into  a
MOU14 with the  Department  of Energy and the Department of the Interior and formed an interagency work
group to understand the implications of hydraulic fracturing on Tribal lands. For more information, please
see the web link: http://www.epa.gov/tribalportal/mous.htm.

The EPA continues to work closely with other federal agencies as well as the Domestic Policy Council to
implement the President's directive regarding the Tribal consultation process. The President's November
5th, 2009  Memorandum  directs each executive department to develop  a detailed  plan  to  implement
13 http://www.epa.gov/tribal/trprograms/2013-itf-memorandum-of-understanding.pdf
14 http://unconventional.energy.gov/pdf/oil  and gas research mou.pdf
                                              50

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             Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development


Executive Order (EO)  13175, "Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments15." Under
EO 13175, "...all departments and agencies  are  charged with  engaging in regular and  meaningful
consultation and collaboration with Tribal officials in the development of federal policies that have Tribal
implications, and are responsible for strengthening the government-to-government relationship between
the United States and Indian tribes." On May 4, 2011, the  EPA released its final policy on consultation
and coordination with  Indian tribes. The EPA is  among the first of the  federal agencies to finalize its
consultation policy in response to President Obama's first Tribal leaders summit in November 2009 and,
following the issuance of Executive Order 13175, to establish regular and meaningful consultation  and
collaboration with Tribal officials in the development of Federal policies that have Tribal implications.

Research

In FY 2016, the Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC) research program, funded at $152.3 million,
will continue to support the EPA's program offices, state, and Tribal partners in protecting and restoring
land, and providing  community decision makers  with decision tools to support community  health.  The
work of the SHC research program falls into four inter-related themes:

    •   Decision Support  and Innovation will  use  decision science, interactive social  media, spatial
       analyses, and sustainability assessment methods to provide communities with tools to frame their
       decision options, outcomes and potential costs and benefits.

    •   Community  Well-being: Public Health and Ecosystem Goods  and Services will  utilize  the
       sciences of ecosystem services and human health to enable communities  to assess  how the
       natural and  built environment affects the  health  and well-being of their residents. This research
       will address impacts in all communities  including  communities  and tribes that  are at risk for
       disproportionate environmental and health impacts;

    •   Sustainable Approaches for  Contaminated Sites and  Materials Management  will  build upon
       federal,  regional  and  state experiences. This  research  aims to improve  the  efficiency  and
       effectiveness of  mechanisms that  address  land  and groundwater contamination,  including
       preventing and cleaning up fuel and oil spills. This research  also will review and characterize
       innovative approaches that communities can use to:
           o   Reduce new sources of contamination,
           o   Enable recovery of energy, materials, and nutrients from waste, and
           o   Enable brownfields sites to be put to new, economically productive uses  that benefit
               communities; and
           o   Apply  waste management and contaminated sediments  remediation technologies in
               specific geographic locations.


    •   Integrated Solutions for Sustainable Outcomes research will develop methods and data that will
       allow communities to consider the full costs and benefits of their decisions. For example, SHC will
       review and characterize systems modeling approaches that communities can  use to account for
       the linkage among:
           o   Waste and materials management,
           o   Building codes  and zoning for land use planning,
           o   Transportation  options, and
           o   Provision of infrastructure, including water and energy.

The SHC research program will continue ongoing research to develop models, data  bases,  metrics  and
other decision-support tools that will empower communities to make decisions regarding  sustainable
approaches to environmental protection. This research will provide community based decision support
tools which consider ecosystem goods and services, contaminated  sites, multimedia pollutants  within
environmental justice communities, and the beneficial use of sustainable materials.
15 http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/memoranda/2010/mlO-33.pdf
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             Goal 3:  Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
Consistent with Administration priorities, EPA's Science  to Achieve Results (STAR) and the Greater
Research  Opportunities (GRO) fellowship programs, and  all funds,  will  be reorganized  across the
government as part of a comprehensive reorganization to facilitate a cohesive national strategy of STEM
education  programs to increase the impact of Federal  investment in four areas:  K-12 instructions;
undergraduate education; fellowships and scholarships; and information education.

The SHC research program will continue to address many facets of site  contamination and cleanup. This
includes source elimination of contaminated  ground water and migration at Superfund sites and plume
management to reduce exposures via drinking water. This science will  be used to develop guidance on
site assessment, remedial investigations, and to provide technical support resources to agency programs
and Regional Offices.

The SHC research program will continue to develop or revise  protocols to test oil spill control agents or
products  for  listing  on the  National  Contingency Plan  Product Schedule,  including  dispersants'
performance  and  behavior   in  deep water.  Additional   research  outcomes  include   improved
characterization and  remediation methods for fuels released from leaking underground storage tanks.
                                              52

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                 Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution

  Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution

Strategic Goal:  Reduce  the risk and increase  the  safety of chemicals and
prevent pollution  at the source.
      7.8% of Budget
 FY 2014
 Enacted
                                                       Resource Summary
                                                          (Dollars in Thousands)
              FY2016
 FY2015  President's
 Enacted	Budget
             Difference
            FY 2015 EN
            to FY 2016
              PresBud
 1 - Ensure Chemical Safety
 2 - Promote Pollution Prevention
$578,592
 $51,797
$569,955
 $50,537
$614,440
 $53,481
$44,485
 $2,944
  Goal 4 Total
$630,388     $620,492    $667,921
                             $47,429
Workyears
    2,412
    2,411
    2,389
    (22)
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Introduction

Chemicals are ubiquitous in our everyday lives and products. They are used in the production of everything
from our homes and cars to the cell phones we carry and the food we eat. Chemicals often are released
into the environment as a result of their manufacture, import, processing,  use, and disposal. Vulnerable
populations, including low-income, minority, and  indigenous  populations,  may  be disproportionately
impacted by, and thus particularly at risk from, exposure to chemicals.123 In addition, research shows that
children receive greater relative exposures to chemicals because they inhale or ingest more air, food, and
water on  a  body-weight basis than adults  do.4567 The FY 2016 funding level for Ensuring the Safety of
Chemicals and Preventing Pollution is $667.9 million, an increase of $47.4 million overthe FY2015 Enacted
Budget.
1 Holistic Risk-based Environmental Decision Making: a Native Perspective
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241171)
2 Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations
3 Interim Guidance on Considering Environmental Justice During the Development of an Action
(http://www.epa.gov/compliance/ei/resources/policy/considering-ei-in-rulemaking-guide-07-2010.pdf)
4 Guide to Considering Children's Health When Developing EPA Actions: Implementing Executive Order 13045 and EPA's Policy
on Evaluating Health Risks to Children
(http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/ADPguide.htm/$File/EPA ADP Guide 508.pdf)
5 Holistic Risk-based Environmental Decision Making: A native Perspective
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241171)
6 Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
7 Guide to Considering Children's Health When Developing EPA Actions: Implementing Executive Order 13045 and EPA's Policy
on Evaluating Health Risks to Children
(http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/ADPguide.htm/$File/EPA ADP Guide 508.pdf)
                                              53

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                 Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Under existing  Toxic Substances  Control  Act  (TSCA)  authorization, the EPA  is charged  with  the
responsibility of assessing the safety of commercial chemicals and to act upon those chemicals if they pose
significant risks to human health or the environment. The $56.3 million provided in FY 2016 for the Chemical
Risk Review and Reduction Program will allow the EPA to sustain  its efforts to assess the potential risks
from existing chemicals in commerce and review and manage the potential risks of new chemicals entering
commerce. In FY  2016, the  EPA  will  continue to implement its Enhanced Chemicals  Management
approach, which seeks to expand and enhance the quantity, accessibility and usefulness of chemical safety
information, thereby strengthening the capability of the EPA,  other regulators and the public to  assess
chemical hazards and potential exposures, identify potential risks to human health and the  environment
and take appropriate risk management action.

In FY 2016, the EPA's pesticide  licensing program will continue to evaluate new pesticides before they
reach the market and ensure that pesticides already in  commerce are safe when used in accordance with
the label. As directed by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA),  and  the  Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). The EPA will register
pesticides to protect consumers, pesticide users, workers who may be exposed to pesticides, children, and
other sensitive populations. The EPA also will review potential impacts on the environment, with particular
attention to endangered species and the effects of pesticides on honey bees and  pollinators.

The EPA has a long history of collaboration to address a wide range of domestic and global environmental
issues. The EPA envisions that environmental progress  in cooperation with international partners can
catalyze even greater progress toward protecting our domestic environment. Examples include: ensuring
that trade-related activities sustain environmental protection, enhancing the ability of our trading partners
to protect their environments  and develop  in a sustainable  manner, enhancing opportunities through
effective consultation and collaboration related  to environmental issues of mutual interest. To advance all
of these efforts, the EPA continues to focus on  the following international priorities:  building strong
environmental institutions and legal structures, climate change adaptation  and  mitigation,  improving  air
quality, expanding access to clean water, reducing exposure to toxic chemicals, and cleaning up e-waste.

Pollution prevention (P2) is central to the EPA's sustainability strategies. In FY 2016 the EPA will continue
to foster the development of P2 solutions to environmental problems that eliminate or reduce  pollution,
waste and risks at the  source.  This includes: cleaner production processes  and technologies, safer
"greener"  materials and products, and  promoting  the adoption, use and  market penetration  of those
solutions by providing technical assistance and demonstrating the benefits of P2 solutions.

The National  Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and  Section 309 of the Clean Air Act require the  EPA to
review Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). Under NEPA,  an EIS is required for major federal actions
significantly affecting the human environment. The review  of  each EIS includes assessing options for
avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts, while making agency comments available to the public and
allowing for public input. In FY2016, in support of its mission, the program will continue to foster cooperation
among federal agencies to ensure compliance with applicable environmental statutes,  promote better
integration of pollution prevention and ecological risk  assessment elements into federal programs, and
provide technical assistance in developing projects that prevent adverse environmental impacts.

Major FY 2016 Changes

To meet the FY 2016  performance targets and  provide support to our top  priorities, we will make
fundamental changes to our  long-standing business  practices in contracts, grants and  oversight of
delegated programs, among  others. Implementing these changes requires realigning  resources and
personnel to ensure that we increase effectiveness without undermining vital protections or quality and
good  financial management. The Agency will rely on new efficiencies and approaches from  the High
Performing Organization initiative to achieve success. In Goal 4, resources are focused on Taking Action
on Toxics and Chemical Safety; Sustainability; and Building a  High Performing Environmental Protection
Enterprise. While continuing EPA's ongoing commitment to science, the rule of law and transparency, we
have updated and refined our current direction to maximize our effectiveness and guide our agenda in the
months and years ahead.
                                              54

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                 Goal 4:  Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Taking Action on Toxics and Chemical Safety
The FY 2016 budget in this area reflects the completion of several multi-year projects  and anticipated
efficiencies in the assessment of chemical risk. A portion of these savings, $1.8 million,  will be from the
Chemical  Risk  Review and Reduction  (CRRR)  program.  CRRR  resources will be prioritized for the
assessment and management of TSCA Work Plan existing chemicals and  new chemicals entering
commerce.

In 2016, the EPA's Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program (EDSP) will increase its use of alternative
testing methodologies (i.e., high-throughput assays and computational tools)  to prioritize and screen
chemicals based on potential endocrine bioactivity and exposure, in particular, the estrogen, androgen, or
thyroid hormone pathways in humans and wildlife. The increased use of alternative testing methodologies
will reduce the  workload in developing  new assays. This  effort will help to save roughly $3.3  million
compared to FY2015 Enacted levels

Agency Priority Goals

The EPA has developed FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority Goals that advance the  agency priorities and the
agency's Strategic Plan. EPA's Priority Goal to help reduce  the risk and increase the safety of chemicals
is:

Assess and reduce risks posed by chemicals and promote  the use of safer chemicals in commerce. By
September 30,  2015,  EPA  will have  completed more than 250 assessments of pesticides and other
commercially available chemicals to evaluate risks they may pose to human health and the environment,
including the potential for some of these chemicals to disrupt endocrine systems. These assessments are
essential in determining whether products containing these chemicals can be used safely for commercial,
agricultural and/or industrial uses.

Additional information on the EPA's Agency Priority Goals can be found at www.performance.gov.

FY 2016 Activities

Objective 1: Ensure Chemical Safety.  Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals that enter
our products, our environment and our bodies.

The TSCA chemical  management program  addresses  new chemicals, existing chemicals and  legacy
chemicals. The major activity of the new  chemicals program is  premanufacture  notices review and
management, which addresses the potential risks from approximately 1,000 chemicals (including products
of biotechnology and new chemical nanoscale materials) received annually and prior to their entry into the
U.S. marketplace. In FY 2016, the EPA's toxics program will maintain its 'zero tolerance'goal for preventing
the introduction  of unsafe new chemicals into commerce.

The greatest challenge is to address existing chemicals already in  use but where available information is
limited. Existing chemicals activities fall into three major categories: 1) obtaining, managing, and making
chemical information public; 2) screening and assessing chemical  risks; and 3)  taking action to manage
chemical risks. In FY 2016, progress will be made to assess existing chemicals already in commerce by
continuing to aggressively pursue EPA's FY 2018 Strategic Measure target to assess all chemicals from
the first TSCA Work Plan Chemicals list by 2018, including completing 10 risk assessments in FY2016. In
FY 2014,  EPA announced the release of final risk assessments for four of these Work  Plan Chemicals
Trichloroethylene  (TCE),   Methylene Chloride  (DCM), Antimony  Trioxide  (ATO)  and  Hexahydro
Hexamethylcyclopenta Benzopyran (HHCB) - exceeding the FY2014 performance target calling for three
final risk assessments for TSCA chemicals.

In FY 2016, the agency will continue to implement the  chemicals  risk management program to  further
eliminate risks from high-risk "legacy" chemicals. The EPA will continue to maintain a base resource level
to enable the agency to meet any continuing obligations under statutes associated with PCBs and other
                                              55

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                  Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
long-standing chemical risks. This budget request sustains the Lead program at steady levels. Outreach to
educate the public about the risks of elevated blood lead levels and to encourage testing for children at risk
will continue. There are still areas of contamination that require action. For instance, a FY 2014 enforcement
settlement for TSCA lead paint violations will provide $50,000 to fund  blood lead testing for 350 children
and provide blood lead analysis equipment to three community health clinics  that serve low income and
homeless residents. As illustrated in the figure below (Figure 1), the EPA will build on the successful national
effort to reduce childhood blood lead levels and continue ongoing implementation of the Lead Renovation,
Repair  and  Painting  (RRP) Rule.  Outreach  efforts  and targeted  activities  will  support renovator
certifications, including recertifying any previously certified firms that seek to retain their certified status. As
of December 31, 2014, more than 140,000 firms are actively certified to perform Lead RRP work.
                                      Children's Risk
                       Blood Lead Levels for Children aged 1-5
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 "° TJ
  -
  o
  V
  u
 I
  s
 £
            -ilO ng/dL Elevated Lead Levels    -•- >5 ng/dL Ne* Concern Lead Levels   -*-25 ng/dL TARGET Lead Levels For near fgtgre
Figure 1: Percentage of Children Aged 1-5 with Given Blood Lead Levels (PM 008)* Values are not CDC
data; interpolated for graphical display only
** >10 ug/dL estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error greater than 40 percent).

The  agency also will continue  to collaborate with international partners, through the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), to maximize the efficiency of the EPA's resource use
and  promote adoption of  internationally harmonized test methods for identifying endocrine disrupting
chemicals. The EPA represents  the U.S. as either the lead or a participant in OECD projects  involving the
improvement of assay systems including  the development of  non-animal prioritization  and screening
methods.

Identifying, assessing,  and reducing the risks presented by the  pesticides on  which our society  and
economy  depend are integral to ensuring  environmental and  human safety. Chemical and  biological
pesticides help meet  national and global demands for food. They provide effective pest control for homes,
schools,  gardens,  highways,  utility  lines, hospitals, and  drinking  water treatment  facilities, while also
controlling vectors of disease. The program ensures that the pesticides available in the U.S. are safe when
used as directed. The program is increasing its focus on pollinator health as well, working with  other federal
partners, states, and private stakeholder groups to stem pollinator declines and increase pollinator habitat.
In  addition, the program places priority on reduced risk  pesticides that, once  registered,  will result in
increased societal benefits.
                                               56

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                  Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution


In FY 2016, $131.1 million is provided to support the EPA pesticide applications review and registration
program. The EPA will invest substantial resources to improve the compliance of pesticide registrations
with the Endangered Species Act. A portion of the funding will ensure that pesticides are correctly registered
and applied in a manner that protects water quality. The EPA will continue registration and reregistration
requirements for antimicrobial pesticides. Together, these programs will minimize exposure to pesticides,
maintain a safe  and affordable food supply, address public health issues, and minimize property damage
that can occur from insects, pests and microbes. The agency's worker protection, certification, and training
programs will encourage safe application practices. The EPA will also continue to emphasize the protection
of potentially sensitive groups, such as children, by reducing exposures from pesticides used in and around
homes, schools, and other public areas. In FY 2014, Regional Offices in Denver and Seattle collaborated
with state partners and other federal agencies to produce a "Sensible Steps" webinar series to  introduce
manageable, low- or  no-cost steps  communities can  take  to improve  the  health  of their school
environments. Topics included integrated pest management, chemical safety, mold and moisture control,
energy efficiency,  and reducing PCB exposure.

The EPA's FY 2016 budget for the Office of Pesticides Program includes an increase of approximately $1.5
million above FY  2015. This increase  will fund agency work to improve pollinator health  by performing
laboratory research and technical analysis on pollinators (e.g., honeybees, monarch butterflies) and related
resources (e.g., hive structures),   improving our scientific understanding  to  promote pollinator health
through the regulatory processes. The  FY 2016 budget also includes a $0.5  million increase  over the  FY
2015 budget to supplement existing resources available to states and tribes to develop pollinator protection
plans.

Objective 2: Promote Pollution Prevention. Conserve and protect natural resources  by promoting
pollution  prevention  and the adoption of other sustainability practices by  companies,  communities,
governmental organizations, and individuals.

In FY 2016, EPA's Pollution Prevention (P2) program (EPM and STAG combined) is funded at $18.2 million.
The P2 program   is one of the  EPA's primary tools  for advancing environmental  stewardship and
sustainability by federal, state and tribal governments; businesses; communities and individuals. The  P2
program seeks to alleviate environmental problems by achieving significant reductions in the generation of
hazardous releases to air, water, and land; reductions in the use or inefficient use of hazardous materials;
reductions in the generation of greenhouse gases; and  reductions in the  use of water. At the same time,
the P2 Program helps businesses and others reduce costs as a result of implementing these preventative
approaches. The P2 program's efforts advance the agency's priorities to pursue sustainability, take action
on climate change, make a visible difference in communities, and ensure chemical safety.

The P2 program  accomplishes its mission by fostering the development of solutions to environmental
problems that are designed to eliminate or reduce pollution, waste and risks at the source, such as cleaner
production  processes and technologies and safer, "greener" materials and products.  The program also
promotes the adoption, use and market penetration of those solutions through such activities as providing
technical assistance and demonstrating the benefits of P2 solutions. For example, the  P2 program works
with a diverse set of stakeholders to develop voluntary consensus standards for greener products, such as
computers, televisions, and  imaging  equipment, and to  increase the  use  of these products in the federal
government through federal green  purchasing requirements, leading to significant environmental benefits
from the reduction of hazardous materials  in these products, increased  product lifespan,  and  improved
energy efficiency.

The EPA will continue  to support  the  Green Suppliers Network  (GSN) and the Economy, Energy, and
Environment (E3)  Partnership among federal agencies, local governments, and manufacturers to promote
energy efficiency, job creation, and environmental improvement. In FY2016, the EPA will continue to work
with its federal partners and state  pollution  prevention programs to conduct facility-specific assessments
for small and medium-sized suppliers to help them reduce business  costs, improve productivity and
efficiency, and promote sustainability. In FY 2016, the E3 Initiative and GSN a re expected to grow to include
more than 35 state partners by leveraging existing resources across the E3 federal agency partners. In  FY
2016,  the EPA  also will leverage expertise from other programs to enhance sustainability and  pollution
                                               57

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                  Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
prevention education and outreach resources. Through an intra-agency working group, each program office
will disseminate educational resources and information to the public. In FY 2016, EPA regional offices, as
well as states, tribes and other grantees, will  focus on the implementation  of the following  P2 national
emphasis areas: climate change mitigation, food manufacturing, and community level hazardous materials
source reduction.

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to work with other federal agencies to streamline, modernize, and improve
the NEPA  process by encouraging early involvement in the project scoping process and promoting
approaches for working collaboratively with federal, state, local and Tribal partners on project proposals.
The agency will continue to participate in the effort to implement the May 2014  Interagency "Implementation
Plan for  the Presidential  Memorandum on  Modernizing  Infrastructure  Permitting" to meet  the goal of
reducing  permitting and review timelines, while improving environmental and community outcomes. This
will include participating  in  coordinated  reviews, developing  innovative  mitigation approaches, and
promoting the use of IT tools. As a component  of this effort, the program will continue to use and promote
NEPAssist, a geographic information system (CIS) tool developed to assist users (the EPA, other federal
agencies, and the public) with environmental reviews.8 In FY2016, the proposed budget for NEPA is $17.6
million.

International Priorities

To achieve our domestic environmental and human health goals, international partnerships are essential,
including those with the business community, entrepreneurs and other members of society.  Pollution is
often carried by winds and water across national boundaries, posing risks to human health and ecosystems
many hundreds and thousands of miles away.

Through these partnerships, the EPA will maintain focus on several priorities. In FY 2016, the EPA will work
with other nations to build strong environmental institutions and legal structures with the goal of combating
climate change by limiting pollutants and improving air quality in the U.S. and around the world. The EPA
will work to expand access to clean water, and protect vulnerable communities from toxic pollution that
impacts North America and nations worldwide. Through joint efforts with partners from around the world,
the EPA is working to facilitate commerce,  promote chemical safety,  further sustainable  development,
protect vulnerable populations and engage in environmental issues, such as reducing risks from exposure
to mercury and lead-based paint. The agency's international priorities  will  guide collaboration  with the
Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and all international partners.

In FY  2016,  the  EPA will enhance sustainability principles through   expanded partnership  efforts in
multilateral  forums and in key bilateral relationships. In addition, we will strengthen existing  and build new
international partnerships to encourage increased international  commitment to sustainability goals and to
promote a new era of global environmental stewardship based  on common interests,  shared  values, and
mutual respect. And finally, the EPA will continue to focus on technical and policy support  for global and
regional efforts such as strengthening the EPA leadership in the Arctic Council and with other governments
to improve  policies and  implement cooperative  projects that address climate change and reduce
contamination of the arctic.

Research

The EPA research  program's Chemical Safety  and Sustainability (CSS), Human Health  Risk Assessment
(HHRA),  and Homeland Security underpin the analysis of risks and potential health  impacts across the
broad spectrum of EPA programs and provide the scientific foundation  for chemical safety and  pollution
prevention. In FY 2016, the EPA will further strengthen its planning and  delivery of science by continuing
an integrated research approach that tackles problems systematically.
1 For more information, refer to: www.epa.gov/oecaerth/nepa/nepassist-mapping.html
                                              58

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                 Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
In FY 2016, the EPA will continue the multi-year transition away from the traditional assays used in the
endocrine disrupter screening program,  transitioning instead to use of alternative testing methodologies
(i.e., high-throughput assays and computational tools) to prioritize and screen chemicals based on potential
endocrine bioactivity and exposure, in particular, the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid hormone pathways in
humans and wildlife.  This will allow the agency to more quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively assess
potential chemical toxicity. In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to evaluate endocrine-relevant high throughput
ToxCast assays; this will increase our knowledge of adverse outcome pathways (AOP)—the chain of events
that occur at a molecular level when toxic chemicals disrupt the functioning of otherwise healthy elements
of the endocrine system.

Increases in FY 2016 for the CSS research program are critical to efforts begun in FY 2015 to develop
computational  models to integrate 21st-century exposure research with ToxCast and Tox21 data.  This
effort will significantly advance risk-based decision making in support of the Agency's goal of keeping
communities safe and healthy. The CSS program also will invest in FY 2016 to expand the breadth of the
CompTox research  program to include more representative models of biological systems  of interest,
including the thyroid, improve ways to estimates human exposure to individual and multiple chemicals, and
better integrate human and ecological risk evaluations. Specific FY2016 actions include: (1) modeling and
generating exposure data through ExpoCast, a state-of-the art chemical screening tool that provides rapid
and cost-efficient high throughput exposure information; (2) evaluating background exposure levels and the
relevance of different environmental exposures for human health; and (3) enhancing the CSS Dashboard
forfit-for-purpose risk-based prioritization. These applications complement efforts of the agency's Chemical
Safety and Pollution Prevention program  to  apply high-throughput and  other  21st Century exposure
information to TSCA chemical prioritization.

This support is critical to enhancing and accelerating our understanding of chemical  risks and exposure.
Overall, this increase will significantly enhance the predictive capacity of the computational models and
generate new  data both for evaluating  the  impact of existing  chemicals as well as for selecting safer
alternatives. In addition, $1.5 million of an overall $14 million increase in the CSS budget compared to FY
2015 will support engagement with the  stakeholder community to build confidence in the relevance  of
Comptox data and provide guidance about the application of that data for decisions by government,
industry, and the  public about the safety of chemicals.

The CSS program also will continue to apply computational and knowledge-driven approaches to amplify
the impact of its  research on engineered nanomaterials  (ENMs). Evaluation of emerging safer chemical
alternatives is another focus in FY2016.

In FY 2016, the Agency's  Human Health Risk Assessment Research Program will continue to develop
assessments and scientific products that are used extensively by EPA program and  regional offices and
the risk  management community to estimate the potential  risk to  human health  from exposure  to
environmental  contaminants. These include:
    •  Integrated Risk Information System  health hazard and dose-response assessments;
    •  Integrated Science Assessments of criteria air pollutants;
    •  Community Risk and Technical Support; and
    •  Methods, models, and approaches to modernize risk assessment for the 21st Century.

The  Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) will continue to enhance the nation's preparedness,
response, and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents and other hazards by providing
stakeholders and partners with valuable detection and response analytics for incidents involving chemical,
biological, or radiological agents. The program will continue to emphasize the research needed to support
response and recovery from wide-area attacks involving radiological agents, nuclear agents, and biothreat
agents such as anthrax.

The  EPA will  allocate $164.7 million to the Chemical  Safety and Sustainability,  Human  Health  Risk
Assessment, and Homeland Security Research programs in FY2016.
                                              59

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60

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Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance


  Goal 5:  Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing
                        Laws and Assuring Compliance

Strategic  Goal:  Protect human health and the environment through vigorous and
targeted  civil and criminal enforcement.  Use  Next Generation  Compliance  strategies
and tools to improve compliance with environmental laws.
                                                    Resource Summary
                                                       (Dollars in Thousands)
If W
^zajjjjj^
9.4% of Budget
1 - Enforce Environmental Laws to
Achieve Compliance
Goal 5 Total
Difference
FY2016 FY 201 5 EN
FY2014 FY2015 President's to FY 201 6
Enacted Enacted Budget PresBud
$751,889 $737,846 $804,080 $66,234
$751,889 $737,846 $804,080 $66,234
Workyears
3,503
3,391
3,402
11
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding

Introduction

The EPA's civil and criminal enforcement programs assure compliance with our nation's environmental
laws. A strong and effective enforcement program is essential to ensuring compliance with our laws and
regulations, maintaining a level economic playing field, and realizing the public health and environmental
protections our federal statutes were created to achieve. As a key part of our enforcement program, the
EPA is committed to supporting  public health in communities disproportionately burdened by pollution by
integrating and addressing  issues of environmental justice (EJ) in the EPA's programs and policies as
part of its day-to-day business. The EPA's EJ program promotes accountability for  compliance with
Executive Order 12898, "Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in  Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations."

On January  18,  2011,  President  Obama issued  a  Presidential  Memoranda  titled  "Regulatory
Compliance"1 which reaffirms the importance of effective enforcement and compliance with regulations. It
states "[s]ound regulatory enforcement promotes the  welfare of Americans in many ways, by increasing
public safety, improving working conditions, and protecting  the  air we  breathe and the water we
drink. Consistent regulatory enforcement also levels the playing field among regulated entities, ensuring
that those that fail to comply with the law do not  have an  unfair  advantage over their law-abiding
competitors."

In FY 2016, the EPA seeks to  maintain the strength of its core national enforcement and compliance
assurance program. Recognizing the challenging fiscal climate at both the federal and state  level, the
agency will implement strategies that use resources more efficiently and find opportunities to focus and
 Please see: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/presidential-memoranda-regulatorv-compliance
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Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
leverage efforts to assure compliance with environmental laws. Our objective is to pursue vigorous civil
and criminal enforcement that targets the most serious water, air, and chemical hazards in communities;
assure strong, consistent, and effective enforcement of federal environmental laws nationwide; and use
modern, streamlined techniques, strategies and tools to improve targeting and transparency and increase
compliance with environmental laws. The EPA will continue to focus  resources on the most important
environmental problems where noncompliance is having a significant impact. This strategy means EPA's
top enforcement priority will be pursuing higher impact cases, including large, complex cases that require
significant investment and a long-term commitment.

The  EPA has achieved impressive  pollution control and health benefits through vigorous  compliance
monitoring and enforcement activities.  However, enforcement alone will not address all non-compliance
problems. The sheer number of regulated facilities, the contributions of large numbers of smaller sources
to environmental problems,  and  limited resources mean the EPA cannot rely solely on the traditional
single facility inspection and enforcement  approach to ensure widespread compliance.2 In FY 2016, the
agency will  continue  to  implement new  and  innovative  methods to reduce  pollution  and  increase
compliance nationwide over the long term.

Towards this end, in  FY 2016,  the agency proposes  to  accelerate  its  Next Generation  Compliance
approaches to harness state-of-the-art technology to make  our efforts  more efficient and effective. This
approach, formalized  in the agency's  2014-2018  Strategic Plan, aims to increase  compliance with
environmental regulations by capitalizing on advances in information technology and advanced  pollutant
detection technology. There are five main components to Next Generation Compliance: 1) structuring our
regulations to be easier to  implement  and contain self-enforcing  compliance mechanisms to achieve
higher compliance; 2)  using advanced pollutant detection  technology to find out about pollution as it
happens in real-time; 3) moving from paper to electronic reporting to enhance government efficiency and
reduce paperwork burden; 4) making pollution and compliance information more accessible, user-friendly,
and available to the public to support community awareness and  promote facility accountability; and 5)
using innovative approaches to enforcement to focus limited  resources on the biggest pollution problems.

The use  of new detection technologies, combined  with a focus on designing rules and  permits that are
easier to  implement, will improve compliance,  expand transparency, and  protect communities while
reducing costs for states, territories, tribes,  and regulated facilities. In particular, the burden of monitoring
and compliance reporting will be  reduced  for states, the EPA and  others  by investing in state-of-the-art
monitoring technology and supporting electronic reporting and interaction with the regulated  community.
This  will allow the EPA and states to more effectively deploy inspection resources.  For example, in July
2013, the EPA proposed to  convert the  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination  System (NPDES) paper
based reporting systems to a more effective and efficient national electronic system. The final rule,
expected in FY2015 with implementation beginning in  FY2016, will benefit the public, regulated  facilities,
states, and the EPA by providing  high quality, complete, and timely data for the NPDES program. EPA's
cost-benefit analysis for the proposed rule estimated that the overall reporting burden will be reduced by
900,OOO3 hours when the rule is fully implemented.

Efforts already underway have shown that these approaches will have meaningful benefits. For example,
the EPA's Region 6 implemented the first federal  General  Permit  in the nation that required electronic
submission of data through  the EPA's electronic reporting tools. Implemented for the Offshore Oil & Gas
NPDES General Permit program, this  effort uses  electronic  reporting to reduce  reporting  burden  on
permitted  entities and  the  EPA,  while  allowing for automated tracking of permit limits and  reporting
requirements,  enhancing data quality,  and increasing transparency for regulators  and the  public. The
agency estimates that without deployment of the electronic reporting tools, data entry alone  would have
cost  the agency approximately  $2.6  million over  a  five  year permit cycle.  In combination  with the
experience from other programs  that use  electronic reporting such as Ohio's NPDES  program and the
EPA's TRI program, this provides another example of how the benefits are likely to grow as electronic
2 www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/policies/civil/cwa/actionplanl01409.pdf
3 For more information, see "Economic Analysis of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Electronic
Reporting Proposed Rule" [DCN 0040] at http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OECA-2009-0274-0135
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Goal 5:  Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
reporting becomes the norm.

The  EPA's  National  Enforcement and  Compliance  Assurance  program will  continue  its  efforts  to
implement these Next Generation Compliance approaches to achieve the EPA's goals more efficiently
and effectively as part of the agency's work to remain forward-looking and adaptive. The Next Generation
Compliance  initiative is aligned with the larger EPA E-Enterprise business strategy (E-Enterprise), which
is jointly managed with the states.  E-Enterprise is a transformative 21st century strategy for rethinking
how  government agencies deliver environmental protection in the United States. A partnership of EPA,
states, and tribes, E-Enterprise is collaboratively modernizing business processes and driving innovations
across the EPA  and states' environmental organizations.  .4 These changes will improve environmental
results by making government more efficient and enhancing services to the regulated community and the
public.

E-Enterprise resources in the  Enforcement and  Compliance Assurance program will support a variety of
projects,  including: 1) partnering with states to develop and implement fillable e-forms for electronically
reporting NPDES information; 2) supporting   NPDES  e-reporting rule  development and  program
evaluation;  3) purchasing advanced monitoring equipment;  and 4) supporting  transparency through
modernization of Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) and the Air Facility System  (AFS).
Another focus will be developing a field collection, evidence management, and reporting system for
conducting  compliance monitoring inspections which  will  be  guided by  ongoing pilots and scoping  to
determine how much can be done in tandem with the states.

Data transparency is a key foundation of ECHO and  the EPA believes making compliance information
publicly available allows the American people to be better informed about environmental  activities and
compliance  in their communities  and  provides  an incentive  to  achieve greater  compliance  with
environmental laws. ECHO  is the  EPA's  premier web-based tool  that  provides  public access  to
compliance and  enforcement  information for approximately 800,000 EPA-regulated facilities.  The EPA,
state and local environmental  agencies collect/report data from facilities and from their own activities and
submit that data to EPA databases. ECHO usage has grown to more than 2 million queries per year.


Major FY 2016 Changes

The  FY 2016 request maintains FTE at a reduction from pre-FY 2010 levels, but includes funding that
allows EPA to support those staff so they can identify  and address noncompliance, through investments
in  data analysis  and systems, lab support, equipment for front line enforcement personnel, inspector
training,  and case  support such as expert witnesses  and  document  management services.  These
resources will allow our staff to be more efficient and effective at protecting public health and  keeping a
level playing field for companies that play  by the  rules, by assuring compliance with environmental laws.

In  FY 20165, key changes to  the enforcement and compliance budget reflect changes in programmatic
direction  and efficiencies gained from modernizing  our business processes. The EPA is accelerating  its
efforts to  improve its  business  processes  under  both  the E-Enterprise business strategy  and Next
Generation Compliance based on advances in pollutant monitoring and information technology.  In
addition to the resources supporting the EPA as a High Performing Environmental Protection Enterprise,
resources across Goal 5 will  be  focused  on advancing efforts in  the agency's priorities: Addressing
Climate Change  and Improving Air Quality, Protecting America's Waters, Cleaning up Our Communities
and Advancing Sustainable Development.

Addressing Climate  Change and Improving Air Quality
In  FY 2016, the  EPA will help improve air quality  in  communities by targeting large  pollution sources,
4 http://www.exchangenetwork.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/EEnterpriseConceptualBlueprint-013114-FINAL-Executive-
Summarv.pdf
5 EPA is providing a total of $597 million for the National Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program. There are additional
resources for the program under Goals 2, 3 and 4.
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Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
especially in the coal-fired  utility, acid,  cement, glass and  natural gas  exploration  and production
industries that are not complying  with environmental  laws  and regulations. Where the  EPA finds non-
compliance, the agency will take action  to bring them into  compliance, which  may include  requiring
facilities to install controls that will  benefit communities and/or improve emission monitoring. Enforcement
activities which cut toxic air pollution in communities will improve the health of residents, particularly those
overburdened by  pollution. In FY  2016, the agency's  budget  provides resources to improve the quality
and efficiency of compliance  inspections, to develop an advanced monitoring equipment  program, and to
support air regulation implementation. The inspection effort includes the development of tools to allow
inspectors  to  record field   observations and  transmit  inspection reports electronically.  Leveraging
technology to  move  to a digitally based process will assist in  identification of patterns of problems,
compile inspection results in  a more timely way, increase transparency on compliance status, and allow
for quicker responses where appropriate  The focus of the  advanced  monitoring program will be on
providing communities with monitors, along with technical assistance and training, to allow them to better
understand the state  of their environment and help local decision-makers consider actions that will reduce
the risks from pollution. This work will support both the Air and Water programs.

Protecting America's  Waters
In FY 2016, the EPA will work with states to use compliance and enforcement approaches  which more
effectively and efficiently address the most important water pollution problems.  Our focus  will  include
getting raw sewage out of water,  cutting  pollution related to animal waste,  and reducing pollution from
stormwater runoff. The EPA  also will continue to promote an integrated planning strategy for addressing
municipal sewage and stormwater challenges, including the  use of lower cost and innovative  approaches
such as incorporating green infrastructure into enforcement  remedies where  appropriate.  In addition,
through its enforcement agreements, EPA works closely with communities to get the most important work
for protecting health accomplished in the most cost effective way, and on a schedule that is practical and
affordable. These efforts will help to clean up great waters like the Chesapeake Bay and will focus on
revitalizing urban communities  by protecting and restoring urban waters.  These options  are proving
attractive to communities that need to make changes to their CSO programs.  Enforcement efforts also will
support the  goal  of assuring clean drinking water for all communities, including small  systems and in
Indian  country, and improving the quality of Safe Drinking Water Act data reported by states to ensure
compliance. In FY 2016, the agency's budget directs  resources to improve  the quality and efficiency of
compliance  inspections,  develop an  advanced monitoring  equipment program,  and  test  and  pilot
advanced monitoring  technologies, which will support both air and water programs.

Cleaning up Our Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to protect communities by ensuring that  responsible parties conduct
Superfund and  other cleanups, saving  federal  dollars for sites where there are no viable  contributing
parties. Ensuring  that responsible parties clean up the sites also  reduces direct human  exposure to
hazardous pollutants and contaminants, provides for long-term human health protection, and  ultimately
makes contaminated properties available for reuse. The EPA will continue to integrate environmental
justice  (EJ)  considerations into the site remediation  enforcement program by using EJ criteria when
enforcing RCRA corrective action  requirements  to meet RCRA 2020 goals and ensuring that institutional
controls are implemented at sites with potential environmental justice concerns.

In FY  2016, the agency's   budget  provides  resources  to   make  comprehensive  community-based
information available  on the Geoplatform ensuring that the EPA community investments are mapped and
easily accessible  to EPA staff. FY 2016 resources also support communities and ensure that ongoing
EPA program work is more effectively leveraged. This program will provide financial assistance to eligible
organizations working  on   projects  to address  local environmental  and  public  health  issues  in
overburdened  and vulnerable communities.   The funds  will  be  used to build partnerships,  assist
communities to  identify environmental and health problems, implement solutions,  and to train experts to
address specific environmental justice needs.
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Goal 5:  Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
Agency Priority Goals

The EPA has developed FY 2014-2015 agency Priority Goals that advance the agency's priorities and the
agency's Strategic Plan. EPA's Priority Goal for enforcing laws and ensuring compliance is:

To improve environmental outcomes and enhance service to the regulated community and the public. By
September 30,  2015 reduce reporting  burdens to EPA  by  one million hours  through  streamlined
regulations, provide real-time environmental data to at least two communities,  and establish a new portal
to service the regulated community and public.

To support this Goal, EPA  seeks to transform the way  business is conducted  through its E-Enterprise
strategy,  a partnership of  States,  the EPA, and  tribes, and  is collaboratively modernizing business
processes and driving innovations across agencies and programs. A State-EPA E-Enterprise leadership
council has been convened  and  is actively working to prioritize and consolidate projects to maximize the
benefits.  The priority  goal is housed in Goal 5,  but E-Enterprise work will occur in a number of agency
programs that interact with states, tribes, and industry.

Next Generation Compliance activities contribute  to the burden reduction  goal. For example,  the  e-
NPDES  reporting rule is estimated to  reduce  burden by approximately 900,000 hours.6 Additional
information on the EPA's agency Priority Goals can be found at:
www.performance.gov
FY 2016 Activities

Objective 1: Enforce Environmental Laws. Pursue vigorous civil and criminal enforcement that targets
the most serious water, air, and chemical hazards in communities to achieve compliance. Assure strong,
consistent,  and effective enforcement of federal environmental laws nationwide. Use Next Generation
Compliance strategies and tools to increase compliance with environmental laws.

The  EPA  continually assesses priorities  and embraces new approaches  that can help achieve the
agency's goals  more  efficiently and  effectively. The  EPA's  FY  2016  budget submission for the
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program  continues to invest resources in high priority areas with
the greatest impact on public health, while reducing resources where we have made significant progress
(and therefore no longer require as active an enforcement presence), or that, while important, do not
address the most substantial impacts to human health. The EPA carefully evaluates program activities
and directs limited resources to where they can best protect  public health, especially in disadvantaged
communities;  support core work of state and Tribal partners; and focus on the largest pollution  problems.
The EPA will continue to examine new enforcement approaches through Next Generation Compliance to
make the program more efficient and effective.

The agency remains committed to implementing a strong enforcement and compliance program focused
on identifying  and reducing non-compliance and deterring future violations. To meet this commitment, the
program employs a variety  of activities, including data collection  and analysis,  compliance monitoring,
assistance, civil and  criminal enforcement efforts and innovative and evidence-based problem-solving
approaches to identify and address the most significant environmental issues. In FY 2016, these  efforts
will be enhanced  through Next Generation Compliance  approaches that rely on modern reporting and
monitoring tools to advance implementation of the agency's priorities and core program work.

Furthermore,  in designing and  implementing Compliance Monitoring program activities, the EPA tracks
and  assesses recent studies  and  evaluations regarding the effectiveness and  limits of compliance
monitoring  and enforcement in promoting compliance and deterrence. The evidence  in  the literature
consistently demonstrates  that strong and active compliance  monitoring  and  enforcement  increases
6 For more information, see "Economic Analysis of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Electronic
Reporting Proposed Rule" [DCN 0040] at http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OECA-2009-0274-0135
                                              65

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Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance


compliance and  reduces pollution.7 The EPA's  Compliance Research Literature web page  references
many of these studies and reports.8

Compliance Monitoring - Targeting the Most Serious Hazards in Communities

The  EPA's  compliance  monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of the  regulated
community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit conditions and settlement
agreements. The program also determines whether conditions exist at facilities that present imminent and
substantial endangerment.

In FY  2016, the EPA's  compliance monitoring  activities will be both environmental media-based  and
sector-based. The EPA's media-based  inspections  complement those performed by states and Tribes,
and are a key part  of the strategy for meeting the long-term and  annual goals established for the air,
water,  pesticides, toxic substances and hazardous waste programs. The EPA will target its inspections to
the highest priority  areas and coordinate inspection activity with  states and tribes to better  leverage
resources and  enhance collaboration.  In  FY 2014, the  EPA conducted more than 15,600 federal
inspections and evaluations.

In FY 2016, as part of Next Generation Compliance, the agency will continue to enhance the efficiency
and effectiveness of the compliance monitoring program by leveraging  electronic  reporting to reduce
paperwork burden,  increasing transparency  by enhancing systems to  report, synthesize, utilize,  and
disseminate monitoring data, designing analytic tools to help  understand  and utilize  data and deploying
state  of the  art monitoring equipment to  the field.  Synchronizing  data systems  to utilize electronic
transmissions from regulated facilities will benefit the compliance monitoring program  by allowing the EPA
to better apply evidence-based approaches to the  program and determine what strategies achieve the
best results.

Compliance monitoring  includes the  EPA's  management and use of  data  systems to  oversee its
compliance and enforcement programs under the various  statutes and programs  that the  agency
enforces. In FY 2016, the EPA will accelerate the process of enhancing its data systems to integrate with
E-Enterprise and to support electronic interaction with regulated facilities, providing more comprehensive,
accessible data to the public and  improving integration of environmental information with health data and
other pertinent data  sources from other federal agencies and private entities. The third and final  phase of
the upgrade to the system that supports both compliance monitoring and civil enforcement, the Integrated
Compliance Information  System  (ICIS),  will be completed  in FY 2017.  Ongoing work in FY 2016will
provide additional functionality to  support the agency's Next  Generation and  E-Enterprise business
strategy goals.

In addition,  the  EPA plans to continue work  toward  improving  transparency  and  analysis through
enhancements of the modernized Enforcement and  Compliance History Online (ECHO) in alignment with
the E-Enterprise business strategy. Specifically, in FY16, the EPA will continue to enhance its analytical
capabilities for analyzing large data sets and displaying the results in a geospatial platform (e.g., EPA's
Geoplatform) to  support better targeting of areas of most environmental concern. Currently, ECHO
includes  State Performance dashboards for the Clean  Water Act  (CWA), Clean  Air Act (CAA)  and
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) to allow  users to assess each state's performance in
enforcing  the various environmental statutes, as  well  as integrate facility information across  media
specific data systems. Through ECHO and  its reports, users can now view this data  in a comprehensive
and organized manner,  including a search function. ECHO  reports provide a  snapshot of a facility's
environmental record, showing dates and types of violations, as well as the state or federal government's
response.  The  system  allows  the public  to  monitor environmental  compliance  in  communities,
corporations to  monitor  compliance across  facilities they own,  and  investors  to  more  easily factor
7 For example: R. Hanna & P. Oliva; The Impact of Inspections on Plant-Level Air Emissions under the Clean Air Act; 10 B.E
Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 1 (2010). And J. Shimshack & M. Ward, Enforcement and Over-Compliance, J. Environ.
Econ. 55(1): 90-105 (2008)
8 For more information, refer to: http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/reports/compliance/research/index.html
                                               66

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Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
environmental performance into their decisions.  These features will be enhanced to continue to expand
public access to more transparent EPA multimedia enforcement and compliance data.

In FY2016, the proposed compliance monitoring budget is nearly $123.6 million.

Assuring Strong,  Consistent, and Effective Enforcement

Civil Enforcement
The  Civil  Enforcement  program's overarching  goal  is  to  assure compliance with  the  nation's
environmental laws and  regulations in order to protect human health and the environment.  The program
collaborates with the Department of Justice, states, local agencies and Tribal governments to ensure
consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations. The  program seeks to protect
public health and the environment and ensure a level playing field  by strengthening  partnerships with co-
implementers in the states, encouraging regulated entities to rapidly correct their own violations, ensuring
that violators do not realize an  economic benefit from noncompliance and pursuing  enforcement to deter
future violations.

The Civil  Enforcement program develops,  litigates and settles administrative and civil judicial  cases
against  serious violators of environmental laws. In FY  2014, the EPA's enforcement  actions  required
regulated entities to  invest more than $9.7 billion in actions and  equipment  to control pollution (injunctive
relief). Also in FY 2014, the enforcement program obtained a total of $100 million in federal administrative
and civil judicial penalties. The  EPA's enforcement actions required regulated entities to reduce pollution
by an estimated  500 million pounds and  treat, minimize, or  properly  dispose  of 711 million pounds of
hazardous waste. Sustained and focused  enforcement attention to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
resulted  in a  75  percent reduction in  the  number of  public water systems  with serious unresolved
violations  in the  past five years, this was the  result of combination of federal and state  enforcement
actions and improved prioritization and tracking processes.

In FY 2016,  the EPA's civil enforcement program will focus  on the  national enforcement initiatives,
including in communities that may be disproportionately exposed to risks and harm from pollutants in their
environment.   The  National Enforcement  Initiatives were  selected  for FY 2014-2016 through  a
collaborative selection process completed in FY 2013. These national  initiatives address problems that
remain complex and  challenging. Current  initiatives keep raw sewage  and  contaminated stormwater out
of our nation's waters, prevent animal waste from contaminating  surface and ground waters, and address
violations of the Clean Air Act  New Source  Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration  requirements
and Air Toxics regulations, RCRA violations at mineral  processing facilities, and multi-media problems
resulting from energy extraction activities. Information on initiatives, regulatory requirements, enforcement
alerts and  EPA  results will be made  available to the  public and the regulated community through
websites.9

As  with the   compliance  monitoring  program, the  EPA's  enforcement program will  benefit from
synchronizing  data systems to receive electronic transmissions from regulated facilities and by having
more complete and timely data  to better evaluate which enforcement approaches are most effective. This
utilizes the transformative information system-based work of the  larger E-Enterprise business strategy.
The EPA and states will be able to better prioritize enforcement  resources in those areas where they are
most needed  such as complex industrial operations requiring physical inspection, repeat violators, cases
involving significant harm to human health  or the environment, or potential criminal violations.

The Civil Enforcement program also will focus on how tools, such as fence line monitoring, can be applied
in enforcement settlements, such as in the 2014 CAA settlement  with Flint Hills Resources Port Arthur,
LLC, in order to make more  data  available,  as  well as  using  independent  third parties to monitor
compliance with the settlement (e.g., as required in the BP Deepwater Horizon Settlement (DOJ Press
release, November 15, 2012).
' For more information, refer to http://www.epa.gov/compliance/monitoring/index.html
                                               67

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  Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
Fence  line monitoring can  be used to monitor the  environment immediately surrounding a regulated
entity, thereby providing the community with information about local emissions.  In 2014, EPA  reduced
dangerous air toxics  released  from industrial flares  at  refineries and  chemical plants  by  requiring
companies to implement monitoring and  pollution  control  technologies.  These  efforts  are providing
minority and low-income communities with monitoring data, while  reducing toxic air pollution for residents
living near the facilities.

The  Civil Enforcement program also provides support for other  priority  programs,  including  the
Environmental Justice program and the Chesapeake  Bay program. For example, in FY 2014, 36 percent
of the enforcement cases initiated by the  EPA addressed  violations that had occurred in locations with
potential environmental justice concerns and many other cases reduced pollution to the benefit  of those
communities. In  addition, the civil enforcement  program is helping  to implement a compliance and
enforcement strategy for the Chesapeake Bay, providing strong oversight to ensure existing regulations
are complied with consistently and  in a timely manner, and making data on government and facility
performance in the Bay watershed accessible and understandable to the public.

In FY2016, the proposed budget for civil enforcement is $188.8 million.

Criminal Enforcement
Criminal enforcement underlies the EPA's commitment to pursuing the most serious pollution violations.
The EPA's criminal enforcement program investigates and  helps  prosecute environmental violations that
involve intentional, deliberate,  or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The Criminal Enforcement
program deters violations of  environmental laws and  regulations  by  demonstrating that the regulated
community will be held accountable through jail sentences and criminal fines. Bringing criminal cases to
court sends a strong deterrence message to  potential violators,  enhances aggregate compliance with
laws and  regulations, and  protects  communities at  risk.  In FY 2014, the conviction rate for  criminal
defendants was 95 percent.

To efficiently  maximize resources, in FY 2016  the program will reduce case work in lower priority areas
and will  use its special agent capacity  to identify and  investigate  cases with the most  significant
environmental, human health and deterrence impact. The EPA's criminal enforcement program will target
cases  across all media that  involve  serious  harm  or injury;  hazardous or toxic  releases;  ongoing,
repetitive, or multiple releases; serious documented exposure to pollutants; and violators with significant
repeat  or chronic noncompliance or prior criminal conviction.

In FY 2016, the proposed budget for Criminal Enforcement is $59.6 million.

Forensics Support
The Forensics Support program provides specialized scientific and technical support for the nation's most
complex civil and criminal  enforcement cases,  as well as technical  expertise  for agency compliance
efforts.  The  work  of the  EPA's National Enforcement  Investigations  Center  (NEIC) is  critical  to
determining non-compliance and building viable enforcement cases. The NEIC maintains a sophisticated
chemistry laboratory and a corps of highly  trained  inspectors  and  scientists with a wide range  of
environmental scientific expertise.  In FY 2016,  NEIC will continue to function under rigorous International
Standards Organization 17025 requirements  for environmental data measurements  to maintain  its
accreditation.

In FY2016, the proposed budget for Forensics  Support is $15.5 million.

Superfund Enforcement
The EPA's Superfund Enforcement program protects communities by ensuring that responsible parties
conduct or pay for cleanups of hazardous waste sites, preserving  federal dollars for sites where there are
no viable contributing  parties. Superfund enforcement  uses  an "enforcement first"  approach that
maximizes the participation  of liable and viable parties in performing and  paying for cleanups in  both the
remedial and  removal programs. The EPA  will focus Superfund enforcement resources to  support
                                              68

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  Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Assuring Compliance
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) searches, cleanup settlements, and cost recovery. Similarly, the
Superfund Federal Facilities enforcement program will take action to ensure that federal agencies actively
and appropriately manage their own cleanup efforts with the legally-required EPA oversight. The agency
will continually assess its priorities and embrace new approaches that can help achieve its goals more
efficiently and effectively.

Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program. The authorities are used to
ensure that responsible  parties conduct a majority of the cleanup  actions and reimburse the federal
government for cleanups  financed by federal resources. In tandem with this approach, various reforms
have been implemented to increase fairness, reduce transaction costs, promote economic development
and make sites available for appropriate reuse. Ensuring that  responsible parties cleanup sites ultimately
reduces direct  human exposures to hazardous pollutants and  contaminants, provides for  long-term
human health protections and makes contaminated properties available for reuse.

The Department of Justice supports the EPA's Superfund enforcement program through negotiations and
judicial actions  to compel PRP  cleanup  and litigation to  recover Trust Fund monies. The  agency will
provide $21.8 million to the Department of Justice through an Interagency Agreement. This partnership to
ensure polluters pay has been very effective. In FY 2014, the Superfund Enforcement program secured
private party commitments exceeding $600 million. This amount includes three components: PRPs who
committed to perform future response work with an estimated value  of more than  $454 million; who
agreed to reimburse the agency for $58  million in past costs; and who were billed by the EPA for $89
million  in oversight costs. The  EPA also works to ensure that required legally enforceable institutional
controls and financial assurance instruments are in place and adhered to at  Superfund sites and at
facilities subject to RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of cleanup actions.

In FY  2016  the proposed budget for the Superfund and Federal Facilities enforcement programs is
$163.9 million.

Partnering with States and Tribes
In FY  2016, the Enforcement and  Compliance Assurance  program will sustain  its environmental
enforcement  partnerships with  states  and tribes  and work to strengthen  their ability to  address
environmental  and public health threats. In FY 2016, the  Enforcement and  Compliance Assurance
program will provide  $23.0 million in grants to the states and tribes to assist in the implementation of
compliance and enforcement provisions  of the Toxic Substances Control  Act (TSCA) and the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants support state and tribal compliance
activities to protect human health and the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides. Under the
Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, the EPA will continue to provide resources to  states and Indian
Tribes  to conduct FIFRA  compliance  inspections and take appropriate enforcement actions. The Toxic
Substances Compliance Grants  protect the public and the environment from PCBs, asbestos,  and lead-
based paint.
                                              69

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70

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Appendices
     71

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72

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                                         Environmental Protection Agency
                    FY 2016 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification

                               PROGRAM PROJECTS BY PROGRAM AREA
                                                (Dollars in Thousands)
               Science & Technology


Clean Air and Climate

    Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs

    Climate Protection Program

    Federal Support for Air Quality Management

    Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification

Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate



Indoor Air and  Radiation

    Indoor Air:  Radon Program

    Radiation: Protection

    Radiation: Response Preparedness

    Reduce Risks from Indoor Air

Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation



Enforcement

    Forensics Support


Homeland Security

    Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection

    Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
    Recovery

    Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
    Infrastructure

Subtotal, Homeland Security



IT / Data Management / Security

    IT / Data Management


Operations and Administration

    Facilities Infrastructure and Operations


Pesticides Licensing

    Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk

    Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk

    Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
FY 2014
Actuals
$8,220.0
$11,794.6
$5,689.7
$84,638.8
$110,343.1
$219.3
$2,586.6
$4,162.2
$245.5
$7,213.6
$14,088.7
$10,207.3
$27,840.5
$545.0
$38,592.8
$3,860.8
$75,013.3
$3,660.5
$1,960.5
$517.2
FY 2015
Enacted
$8,298.0
$8,018.0
$6,923.0
$93,302.0
$116,541.0
$198.0
$1,984.0
$3,526.0
$289.0
$5,997.0
$13,669.0
$10,324.0
$26,256.0
$542.0
$37,122.0
$3,089.0
$68,339.0
$3,197.0
$2,316.0
$514.0
FY 2016 2016 Pres Bud
Pres Bud vs. 2015 Enacted
$7,808.0
$8,124.0
$8,493.0
$100,419.0
$124,844.0
$0.0
$2,160.0
$4,043.0
$412.0
$6,615.0
$14,398.0
$11,871.0
$25,674.0
$605.0
$38,150.0
$3,196.0
$79,170.0
$3,266.0
$3,896.0
$529.0
($490.0)
$106.0
$1,570.0
$7,117.0
$8,303.0
($198.0)
$176.0
$517.0
$123.0
$618.0
$729.0
$1,547.0
($582.0)
$63.0
$1,028.0
$107.0
$10,831.0
$69.0
$1,580.0
$15.0
                                                         73

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Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
                                                              FY 2014
                                                              Actuals
  $6,138.2
                 FY 2015
                 Enacted
  $6,027.0
                 FY 2016
                 Pres Bud
  $7,691.0
 2016 Pres Bud
vs. 2015 Enacted
         $1,664.0
Research: Air, Climate and Energy

    Research: Air, Climate and Energy


Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources

    Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources


Research: Sustainable Communities

    Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities


Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability

    Human Health Risk Assessment

    Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability

            Endocrine Disrupters

            Computational Toxicology

            Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
            (other activities)

      Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety and
          Sustainability

Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability



Water: Human Health Protection

    Drinking Water Programs


Congressional Priorities

    Water Quality Research and  Support Grants

Total, Science & Technology



        Environmental Program & Management


Clean Air and Climate

    Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs

    Climate  Protection Program

    Federal Stationary Source Regulations

    Federal Support for Air Quality Management

    Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs

    Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund

Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate



Indoor Air and Radiation

    Indoor Air:  Radon Program

    Radiation: Protection
 $99,429.8
$120,085.3
$160,800.7
 $37,813.5
 $91,906.0
$107,434.0
$149,975.0
 $39,423.0
$100,342.0
$111,022.0
$139,172.0
 $39,277.0
$15,833.3
$29,481.1
$54,153.8
$99,468.2
$137,281.7
$3,750.9
$2,450.1
$779,049.0
$18,756.3
$90,702.3
$26,777.0
$121,018.7
$5,121.6
$8,901.0
$271,276.9
$1,790.0
$8,945.8
$16,253.0
$21,409.0
$49,845.0
$87,507.0
$126,930.0
$3,519.0
$4,100.0
$734,648.0
$18,231.0
$95,436.0
$25,000.0
$120,572.0
$4,941.0
$8,928.0
$273,108.0
$3,055.0
$8,576.0
$15,417.0
$33,775.0
$52,253.0
$101,445.0
$140,722.0
$3,766.0
$0.0
$769,088.0
$18,378.0
$109,625.0
$37,545.0
$157,339.0
$4,963.0
$9,057.0
$336,907.0
$3,386.0
$9,517.0
         $8,436.0



         $3,588.0



      ($10,803.0)



         ($146.0)


         ($836.0)

        $12,366.0


         $2,408.0


        $13,938.0

        $13,792.0




          $247.0
                                                            ($4,100.0)

                                                            $34,440.0
                                                               $147.0

                                                            $14,189.0

                                                            $12,545.0

                                                            $36,767.0

                                                                $22.0

                                                               $129.0

                                                            $63,799.0
                                                               $331.0

                                                               $941.0
                                                               74

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Radiation: Response Preparedness
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
Brownflelds
Brownfields
Compliance
Compliance Monitoring
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Environmental Justice
NEPA Implementation
Subtotal, Enforcement
Geographic Programs
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound
Geographic Program: Other
Lake Pontchartrain
S.New England Estuary (SNEE)
Geographic Program: Other (other activities)
Subtotal, Geographic Program: Other
Great Lakes Restoration
Geographic Program: South Florida
Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay
Geographic Program: Puget Sound
Subtotal, Geographic Programs
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Communication and Information
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
FY 2014
Actuals
$2,844.2
$12,437.0
$26,017.0

$23,372.2

$101,883.5

$173,835.8
$48,136.0
$6,636.8
$15,869.1
$244,477.7

$61,335.5
$5,424.2
$1,399.0
$3,944.9

$948.0
$2,000.0
$1,426.7
$4,374.7
$288,870.0
$2,343.5
$5,312.4
$25,009.8
$398,014.0

$4,073.4
$648.0
$4,805.0
$9,526.4
FY 2015
Enacted
$2,454.0
$13,552.0
$27,637.0

$25,593.0

$101,665.0

$170,854.0
$46,745.0
$6,737.0
$16,301.0
$240,637.0

$73,000.0
$4,482.0
$4,399.0
$3,940.0

$948.0
$5,000.0
$1,445.0
$7,393.0
$300,000.0
$1,704.0
$4,819.0
$28,000.0
$427,737.0

$3,771.0
$964.0
$5,460.0
$10,195.0
FY 2016 2016 Pres Bud
Pres Bud vs. 2015 Enacted
$3,317.0 $863.0
$14,057.0
$30,277.0

$29,599.0

$122,424.0

$185,756.0
$51,917.0
$13,971.0
$17,612.0
$269,256.0

$70,000.0
$3,908.0
$1,399.0
$2,893.0

$948.0
$5,000.0
$939.0
$6,887.0
$250,000.0
$1,340.0
$3,988.0
$29,998.0
$370,413.0

$4,142.0
$1,014.0
$5,118.0
$10,274.0
$505.0
$2,640.0

$4,006.0

$20,759.0

$14,902.0
$5,172.0
$7,234.0
$1,311.0
$28,619.0

($3,000.0)
($574.0)
($3,000.0)
($1,047.0)

$0.0
$0.0
($506.0)
($506.0)
($50,000.0)
($364.0)
($831.0)
$1,998.0
($57,324.0)

$371.0
$50.0
($342.0)
$79.0
Information Exchange / Outreach
                                                         75

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State and Local Prevention and Preparedness
TRI / Right to Know
Tribal - Capacity Building
Executive Management and Operations
Environmental Education
Exchange Network
Small Minority Business Assistance
Small Business Ombudsman
Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency
Coordination
Subtotal, Information Exchange / Outreach
International Programs
US Mexico Border
International Sources of Pollution
Trade and Governance
Subtotal, International Programs
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Integrated Environmental Strategies
Administrative Law
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Civil Rights / Title VI Compliance
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Legal Advice: Support Program
Regional Science and Technology
Science Advisory Board
Regulatory/Economic-Management and Analysis
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Human Resources Management
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
FY 2014
Actuals
$13,802.7
$13,765.0
$13,749.5
$47,471.0
$7,520.3
$19,602.1
$1,766.8
$1,604.0
$5,888.0
$125,169.4

$3,607.7
$6,673.7
$5,761.3
$16,042.7

$5,861.0
$90,118.6
$95,979.6

$14,012.7
$4,321.0
$1,262.4
$9,315.3
$42,816.4
$14,231.3
$2,338.2
$4,685.1
$14,408.3
$107,390.7

$73,721.3
$305,366.3
$34,537.6
$39,052.3
$23,371.7
FY 2015
Enacted
$15,666.0
$14,616.0
$14,063.0
$46,276.0
$8,702.0
$16,995.0
$1,641.0
$2,031.0
$6,548.0
$126,538.0

$2,978.0
$6,938.0
$5,484.0
$15,400.0

$6,309.0
$84,227.0
$90,536.0

$12,724.0
$5,120.0
$1,397.0
$11,070.0
$42,027.0
$16,907.0
$2,176.0
$5,110.0
$14,883.0
$111,414.0

$72,851.0
$310,399.0
$30,761.0
$43,843.0
$24,897.0
FY 2016 2016 Pres Bud
Pres Bud vs. 2015 Enacted
$27,783.0 $12,117.0
$14,691.0
$15,600.0
$48,972.0
$10,969.0
$25,361.0
$1,971.0
$2,296.0
$8,035.0
$155,678.0

$3,307.0
$7,245.0
$6,009.0
$16,561.0

$6,666.0
$96,395.0
$103,061.0

$21,937.0
$5,039.0
$1,452.0
$11,793.0
$52,411.0
$18,662.0
$2,941.0
$6,072.0
$18,479.0
$138,786.0

$76,057.0
$312,180.0
$37,974.0
$51,344.0
$27,847.0
$75.0
$1,537.0
$2,696.0
$2,267.0
$8,366.0
$330.0
$265.0
$1,487.0
$29,140.0

$329.0
$307.0
$525.0
$1,161.0

$357.0
$12,168.0
$12,525.0

$9,213.0
($81.0)
$55.0
$723.0
$10,384.0
$1,755.0
$765.0
$962.0
$3,596.0
$27,372.0

$3,206.0
$1,781.0
$7,213.0
$7,501.0
$2,950.0
76

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Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Pesticides Licensing
Science Policy and Biotechnology
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA: Corrective Action
RCRA: Waste Management
RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling
Subtotal, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
Endocrine Disrupters
Pollution Prevention Program
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Management
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Review and
Reduction
Toxic Substances: Lead Risk Reduction Program
Subtotal, Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST/UST
Water: Ecosystems
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways
Wetlands
Subtotal, Water: Ecosystems
Water: Human Health Protection
Beach / Fish Programs
Drinking Water Programs
Subtotal, Water: Human Health Protection
Water Quality Protection
Marine Pollution
Surface Water Protection
FY 2014
Actuals
$476,049.2

$1,532.7
$50,633.7
$36,085.1
$10,175.5
$98,427.0

$36,578.7
$58,104.9
$9,213.5
$103,897.1

$5,638.5
$15,056.4
$209.2
$56,133.9
$14,648.9
$91,686.9

$11,979.2

$24,385.2
$20,629.1
$45,014.3

$1,505.4
$95,283.5
$96,788.9

$11,877.3
$198,879.2
FY 2015
Enacted
$482,751.0

$1,400.0
$55,698.0
$35,470.0
$9,795.0
$102,363.0

$36,438.0
$59,958.0
$8,481.0
$104,877.0

$7,553.0
$13,114.0
$0.0
$58,135.0
$13,719.0
$92,521.0

$11,295.0

$26,723.0
$21,065.0
$47,788.0

$2,015.0
$96,492.0
$98,507.0

$10,628.0
$199,789.0
FY 2016 2016 Pres Bud
Pres Bud vs. 2015 Enacted
$505,402.0 $22,651.0

$1,532.0
$60,019.0
$39,805.0
$10,409.0
$111,765.0

$37,048.0
$63,413.0
$10,781.0
$111,242.0

$4,259.0
$13,416.0
$0.0
$56,304.0
$13,726.0
$87,705.0

$11,657.0

$27,310.0
$23,334.0
$50,644.0

$750.0
$125,018.0
$125,768.0

$10,481.0
$238,818.0

$132.0
$4,321.0
$4,335.0
$614.0
$9,402.0

$610.0
$3,455.0
$2,300.0
$6,365.0

($3,294.0)
$302.0
$0.0
($1,831.0)
$7.0
($4,816.0)

$362.0

$587.0
$2,269.0
$2,856.0

($1,265.0)
$28,526.0
$27,261.0

($147.0)
$39,029.0
77

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    Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation

Subtotal, Water Quality Protection
                                                              FY 2014
                                                              Actuals
        $0.0

  $210,756.5
                   FY 2015
                   Enacted
        $0.0

  $210,417.0
FY 2016
Pres Bud
     $5,000.0

   $254,299.0
 2016 Pres Bud
vs. 2015 Enacted
         $5,000.0

       $43,882.0
Congressional Priorities

    Water Quality Research and Support Grants

Total, Environmental Program & Management
   $12,700.0

$2,566,449.2
   $12,700.0

$2,613,679.0
         $0.0

 $2,841,718.0
      ($12,700.0)

      $228,039.0
                   Inspector General


Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations

    Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations

Total, Inspector General
   $41,448.0

   $41,448.0
   $41,489.0

   $41,489.0
    $50,099.0

    $50,099.0
         $8,610.0

         $8,610.0
                 Building and Facilities
Homeland Security

    Homeland Security:  Protection of EPA Personnel and
    Infrastructure
                                                                    4,158.7
                        $6,676.0
                        $7,875.0
                         $1,199.0
Operations and Administration

    Facilities Infrastructure and Operations

Total, Building and Facilities
   $23,532.6

   $27,691.3
   $35,641.0

   $42,317.0
    $43,632.0

    $51,507.0
         $7,991.0

         $9,190.0
            Hazardous Substance Superfund
Indoor Air and Radiation

    Radiation: Protection
                                                                   $1,992.1
                        $1,985.0
                        $2,180.0
                           $195.0
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations

    Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations


Compliance

    Compliance Monitoring


Enforcement

    Criminal Enforcement

    Environmental Justice

    Forensics Support

    Superfund:  Enforcement

    Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement

Subtotal, Enforcement
    $9,435.9
    $1,014.9
    $9,939.0
     $995.0
     $8,459.0
     $1,067.0
       ($1,480.0)
           $72.0
$7,430.4
$609.1
$2,291.2
$161,712.6
$7,536.8
$179,580.1
$7,243.0
$581.0
$1,083.0
$150,257.0
$7,211.0
$166,375.0
$7,643.0
$609.0
$1,124.0
$156,539.0
$7,348.0
$173,263.0
$400.0
$28.0
$41.0
$6,282.0
$137.0
$6,888.0
Homeland Security
                                                               78

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Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
Information Exchange / Outreach
Exchange Network
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Human Resources Management
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Human Health Risk Assessment
Superfund Cleanup
Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal
Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness
Superfund: Federal Facilities
Superfund: Remedial
Subtotal, Superfund Cleanup
FY 2014
Actuals
$35,513.6
$1,057.1
$36,570.7

$1,383.0

$705.1
$15,129.1
$15,834.2

$888.0
$506.3
$1,394.3

$21,723.1
$70,445.1
$23,499.7
$6,590.7
$3,221.4
$125,480.0

$14,450.2

$3,113.9

$190,290.6
$7,710.2
$23,610.5
$555,236.7
$776,848.0
FY 2015
Enacted
$35,265.0
$1,097.0
$36,362.0

$1,328.0

$683.0
$13,802.0
$14,485.0

$750.0
$503.0
$1,253.0

$22,352.0
$75,055.0
$21,989.0
$5,984.0
$2,725.0
$128,105.0

$14,032.0

$2,843.0

$181,306.0
$7,636.0
$21,125.0
$501,000.0
$711,067.0
FY 2016 2016 Pres Bud
Pres Bud vs. 2015 Enacted
$32,654.0 ($2,611.0)
$1,113.0
$33,767.0

$1,366.0

$704.0
$14,938.0
$15,642.0

$774.0
$467.0
$1,241.0

$24,277.0
$78,160.0
$23,923.0
$7,953.0
$3,027.0
$137,340.0

$12,220.0

$2,831.0

$190,732.0
$7,843.0
$26,265.0
$539,618.0
$764,458.0
$16.0
($2,595.0)

$38.0

$21.0
$1,136.0
$1,157.0

$24.0
($36.0)
($12.0)

$1,925.0
$3,105.0
$1,934.0
$1,969.0
$302.0
$9,235.0

($1,812.0)

($12.0)

$9,426.0
$207.0
$5,140.0
$38,618.0
$53,391.0
Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund
$1,167,097.3
$1,088,769.0
$1,153,834.0
$65,065.0
                                                              79

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Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST/UST
LUST Cooperative Agreements
LUST Prevention
Subtotal, Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Compliance
Compliance Monitoring
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Oil
Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Total, Inland Oil Spill Programs
FY 2014
Actuals


$642.4

$677.0
$797.4
$147.4
$1,621.8

$10,031.9
$56,874.7
$26,175.3
$93,081.9

$327.7
$95,673.8


$143.9

$2,396.9

$13,620.3

$456.9

$285.1
$16,903.1
FY 2015
Enacted


$620.0

$421.0
$792.0
$139.0
$1,352.0

$9,240.0
$55,040.0
$25,369.0
$89,649.0

$320.0
$91,941.0


$139.0

$2,413.0

$14,409.0

$584.0

$664.0
$18,209.0
FY 2016
Pres Bud

$627.0

$440.0
$1,103.0
$138.0
$1,681.0

$9,409.0
$54,402.0
$28,859.0
$92,670.0

$348.0
$95,326.0


$155.0

$2,424.0

$18,524.0

$1,762.0

$513.0
$23,378.0
2016 Pres Bud
vs. 2015 Enacted

$7.0

$19.0
$311.0
($1.0)
$329.0

$169.0
($638.0)
$3,490.0
$3,021.0

$28.0
$3,385.0


$16.0

$11.0

$4,115.0

$1,178.0

($151.0)
$5,169.0
           State and Tribal Assistance Grants






State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)



    Infrastructure Assistance:  Alaska Native Villages
$10,070.9
$10,000.0
$10,000.0
                                                                80

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Brownfields Projects
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
Targeted Airshed Grants
Subtotal, State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS)
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality
Management
Categorical Grant: Radon
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Monitoring Grants
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec.
1 06) (other activities)
Subtotal, Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec.
106)
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control
(UIC)
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation
Categorical Grant: Lead
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial
Assistance
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
Subtotal, Categorical Grants
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants
FY 2014
Actuals
$97,731.5
$1,547,252.7
$892,647.9
$5,000.0
$20,674.3
$0.0
$2,573,377.3

$155,708.1
$102,692.9
$229,785.7
$8,602.9

$18,270.3
$215,338.3
$233,608.6
$12,290.5
$10,470.6
$13,665.6
$13,878.6
$98,153.1
$18,386.6
$4,853.4
$4,951.7
$68,241.1
$1,535.9
$12,442.3
$12,453.0
$9,628.6
$47,622.6
$1,058,971.8

$9,922.4
$3,642,271.5
FY 2015
Enacted
$80,000.0
$1,448,887.0
$906,896.0
$5,000.0
$30,000.0
$10,000.0
$2,490,783.0

$159,252.0
$101,963.0
$228,219.0
$8,051.0

$17,848.0
$212,958.0
$230,806.0
$14,661.0
$10,506.0
$12,701.0
$14,049.0
$99,693.0
$18,050.0
$4,765.0
$4,919.0
$65,476.0
$1,498.0
$12,829.0
$9,646.0
$9,549.0
$47,745.0
$1,054,378.0

$0.0
$3,545,161.0
FY 2016 2016 Pres Bud
Pres Bud vs. 2015 Enacted
$110,000.0 $30,000.0
$1,116,000.0
$1,186,000.0
$5,000.0
$10,000.0
$0.0
$2,437,000.0

$164,915.0
$109,700.0
$268,229.0
$0.0

$18,500.0
$230,664.0
$249,164.0
$19,661.0
$10,506.0
$13,201.0
$14,049.0
$99,693.0
$18,050.0
$4,765.0
$4,919.0
$96,375.0
$1,498.0
$12,829.0
$25,346.0
$0.0
$49,500.0
$1,162,400.0

$0.0
$3,599,400.0
($332,887.0)
$279,104.0
$0.0
($20,000.0)
($10,000.0)
($53,783.0)

$5,663.0
$7,737.0
$40,010.0
($8,051.0)

$652.0
$17,706.0
$18,358.0
$5,000.0
$0.0
$500.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$30,899.0
$0.0
$0.0
$15,700.0
($9,549.0)
$1,755.0
$108,022.0

$0.0
$54,239.0
81

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   Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest System Fund


Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

    RCRA: Waste Management

Total, Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest System
Fund
                                                            FY 2014
                                                            Actuals
    $2,626.5


    $2,626.5
                  FY 2015
                  Enacted
    $3,674.0


    $3,674.0
                  FY 2016
                  Pres Bud
$7,368.0


$7,368.0
            2016 Pres Bud
           vs. 2015 Enacted
$3,694.0


$3,694.0
Rescission of Prior Year Funds
                                                                     $0.0
                    ($40,000.0)
                           $0.0
                  $40,000.0
Hurricane Sandy Supplemental
  $570,086.7
                                                                                        $0.0
                           $0.0
                       $0.0
TOTAL, EPA
$8,909,296.4
$8,139,887.0        $8,591,718.0
                 $451,831.0
* For ease of comparison, Superfund transfer resources for the audit and research functions are shown in the Superfund account.
                                                             82

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                          Resources by Appropriation


       Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
                          (Dollars in Thousands)


Appropriation
Science & Technology (S&T)
Environmental Program & Management (EPM)
Inspector General (IG)
Building and Facilities (B&F)
Inland Oil Spill Programs (Oil)
Hazardous Substance Superfund (SF)
- Superfund Program
- Inspector General Transfer
- Science & Technology Transfer
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
- Categorical Grants
- All Other STAG
E-Manifest
Rescission of Prior Year Funds
Agency Total

FY2014
Enacted
$759,156
$2,624,149
$41,849
$34,467
$18,209
$1,088,769
$1,059,614
$9,939
$19,216
$94,566
$3,535,161
$1,054,378
$2,480,783
$3,674
$0
$8,200,000

FY2015
Enacted
$734,648
$2,613,679
$41,489
$42,317
$18,209
$1,088,769
$1,059,980
$9,939
$18,850
$91,941
$3,545,161
$1,054,378
$2,490,783
$3,674
($40,000)
$8,139,887

FY2016
PresBud
$769,088
$2,841,718
$50,099
$51,507
$23,378
$1,153,834
$1,129,158
$8,459
$16,217
$95,326
$3,599,400
$1,162,400
$2,437,000
$7,368
$0
$8,591,718
Delta
FY16PB-
FY15EN
$34,440
$228,039
$8,610
$9,190
$5,169
$65,065
$69,178
($1 ,480)
($2,633)
$3,385
$54,239
$108,022
($53,783)
$3,694
$40,000
$451,831
Note: S&T and IG totals do not include Superfund transfers - see the Superfund line items or annual
amounts.
                                   83

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84

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                             Categorical Grants
          Categorical Program Grants (STAG)
                   by National Program and State Grant
                             (Dollars in Thousands)
NPM/ Grant
Air & Radiation
State and Local Air Quality Management
Tribal Air Quality Management
Radon

Water
Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Beaches Protection
Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Wetlands Program Development

Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
Underground Injection Control (UIC)

Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
Brownfields
Underground Storage Tanks

Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
Lead
Toxics Substances Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement

Multimedia
Environmental Information
Pollution Prevention
Tribal General Assistance Program

| Total Categorical Grants
FY2014
Actuals

$229,786
$12,442
$8,603
$250,831

$233,609
$9,629
$155,708
$12,291
$411,236

$102,693
$10,471
$113,164

$98,153
$47,623
$1,536
$147,312

$13,666
$13,879
$4,952
$18,387
$50,883

$12,453
$4,853
$68,241
$85,548
$1,058,972
FY2015
Enacted

$228,219
$12,829
$8,051
$249,099

$230,806
$9,549
$159,252
$14,661
$414,268

$101,963
$10,506
$112,469

$99,693
$47,745
$1,498
$148,936

$12,701
$14,049
$4,919
$18,050
$49,719

$9,646
$4,765
$65,476
$79,887
$1,054,378
FY2016
PresBud

$268,229
$12,829
$0
$281,058

$249,164
$0
$164,915
$19,661
$433,740

$109,700
$10,506
$120,206

$99,693
$49,500
$1,498
$150,691

$13,201
$14,049
$4,919
$18,050
$50,219

$25,346
$4,765
$96,375
$126,486
$1,162,400
Delta
FY2016PB-
FY 201 5 EN

$40,010
$0
($8,051)
$31,959

$18,358
($9,549)
$5,663
$5,000
$19,472

$7,737
$0
$7,737

$0
$1 ,755
$0
$1,755

$500
$0
$0
$0
$500

$15,700
$0
$30,899
$46,599
$108,022
% Change
FY2016 PB-
FY2015 EN

17.5%
0.0%
-100.0%
12.8%

8.0%
-100.0%
3.6%
34.1%
4.7%

7.6%
0.0%
6.9%

0.0%
3.7%
0.0%
1.2%

3.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1.0%

162.8%
0.0%
47.2%
58.3%
10.2%|
Notes 1) Actuals refer to actual obligations.

    2) Totals may not add due to rounding.
                                  85

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86

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                                      Categorical Grants


                   Categorical Grants Program (STAG)

                                     (Dollars in millions)
$1,400 1

$1,200
$1,000
$800
$600
$400
$200

-------
                                       Categorical Grants
control of air pollution and for the implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set
to protect public health and the environment. In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to work with state and local
air pollution control agencies to develop or implement state implementation plans (SIPs) for NAAQS and
also for regional haze. In addition, the EPA will continue to support state and local operation of the National
Air Toxics Trends Stations network. In FY2016, states with approved or delegated permitting programs will
continue to implement greenhouse gas requirements as part of their permitting programs. Additionally, in
FY 2016, the agency will work with states to implement their obligations under section 111 (b) and (d) of
the  Clean  Air Act, with regard  to GHG emissions from electric generating units.  The FY 2016 request
includes $25 million for state plan development under section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.

The EPA will  work with federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue development and
implementation of Tribal air quality management programs. Tribes are  active in  protection of air quality for
the  land over which they have sovereignty and work closely with the EPA to monitor and report air quality
information.  Lastly, the FY 2016 budget  eliminates funding  for the State Indoor  Radon  Grant (SIRG)
program. The SIRG program was authorized in 1988 to provide financial assistance to states to develop,
implement and enhance state capacity for reducing radon risk. Now that most states have indoor radon
programs in place, EPA will narrow support to States to technical assistance alone  and eliminate financial
assistance provided under the SIRG program.

Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants

The EPA FY 2016 request includes $249.2 million for Water Pollution Control grants. The $18.4 million
increase will  strengthen the state, interstate  and Tribal water quality programs. These water quality
programs assist state and Tribal efforts to restore and maintain  the quality  of the  nation's waters by
strengthening water quality standards, improving  water quality monitoring and assessment, implementing
Total  Maximum  Daily Loads (TMDLs)  and  other watershed-related  plans, strengthening  the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program  and implementing  practices to reduce
pollution from all nonpoint sources. The  EPA will work  with states, interstate agencies and tribes to
strengthen their nutrient management efforts consistent with the EPA  Water Program guidance issued in
March 2011,  including the development of numeric nutrient criteria.  The EPA will work with  states to
incorporate rules governing discharges and revise NPDES permits.

States and authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water quality standards as required by
the  Clean Water Act.  The EPA's goal for FY 2016 is that 73.2 percent of states will  have updated their
standards to  reflect the latest scientific information. In FY 2016, the  EPA requests $18.5 million  of the
Section 106 funding be provided to states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically valid water
monitoring data  and implement enhancements  in  their water monitoring programs.

Wetlands Grants

In FY2016, the  EPA request includes $19.7 million for Wetlands Program grants, which provide technical
and financial assistance to the states, tribes, and local governments. These grants support development of
state and Tribal wetland programs that further the national goal of an overall increase in the acreage and
condition of wetlands. The Wetland  Program  Development Grants are the EPA's primary resource for
supporting state and Tribal wetland program  development. Grants are used  to develop  new or refine
existing state and Tribal wetland programs  in one or more  of the following areas:  (1) monitoring and
assessment;  (2) voluntary restoration and protection;  (3) regulatory programs including  Section 401
certification; and (4) wetland water quality standards. The FY 2016 budget includes $5 million for grants
awarded competitively for efforts to increase climate resilience by protecting and enhancing wetlands.

Public Water System Supervision Grants

In FY 2016, the  EPA requests $109.7 million for Public Water System  Supervision (PWSS) grants. These
grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National Primary Drinking Water Regulations to ensure
the  safety of the Nation's drinking water resources and to protect public health. This request includes an
additional $7.7 million to augment state and tribal efforts in meeting existing drinking water regulations and
                                              88

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                                       Categorical Grants
preparing for the implementation of the new Revised Total Coliform Rule. These resources also will be used
by states and tribes as they provide technical assistance and training to help meet the continued needs of
the small water systems such as providing operator training, taking compliance samples, and working with
systems to address sanitary survey deficiencies. Many small water systems continue to face challenges to
reliably provide safe drinking water. Additional grant funds will enable states to assist these systems through
such activities as developing asset management programs and  improved rate structures, planning for
drought and floods, evaluating opportunities for greater water reuse, and facilitating system partnerships to
achieve greater efficiencies.

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants

In FY2016, the EPA requests $10.5 million forthe Underground Injection Control grants program. Ensuring
safe underground injection of waste materials and other fluids is a main  component of a comprehensive
source water protection program. Grants are provided to states that have primary enforcement authority
(primacy)  to  implement and maintain UIC  programs. In December 2010, a  rule was finalized which
established a new class of underground injection well, Class VI, with new federal requirements to allow the
injection of CO2 for the purpose of Geologic Sequestration (GS). The EPA directly implements the Class VI
geologic sequestration program, as no states have received approval for Class VI primacy either through a
state UIC program revision or through a new application from states without any UIC primary enforcement
authority. The EPA will continue to work with states interested in applying for Class VI primacy, and continue
to carry out regulatory functions for Class VI geologic sequestration wells in most states, along with other
classes of wells for which the EPA has direct implementation responsibility. In  2014, the  EPA released
guidance on hydraulic fracturing to help ensure the benefit of energy development while not jeopardizing
precious drinking water resources and environmental quality. The  EPA will  work to help states and tribes
review complexdata typically contained in UIC applications for hydraulic fracturing using diesel fuels. States
and the EPA also will  process  Underground Injection Control permits  for other nontraditional injection
streams such as desalination brines and treated waters injected for storage  and recovered at a later time.

Non-Point Source Program Grants (NPS - Clean Water Act Section 319)

In FY 2016, the EPA requests $164.9 million  for Nonpoint Source Program grants to states, territories, and
tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to implement their programs including: both non-
regulatory and regulatory  programs, technical  assistance, financial  assistance, education,  training,
technology transfer, and demonstration projects. The request also eliminates, for FY 2016, the statutory
one-third of one-percent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may
be awarded to tribes, allowing the agency to provide Tribal funding at the agency's discretion in accordance
with  Tribal needs. In 2016, the EPA and the USDA will work collaboratively  in high priority, focused
watersheds to address agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The goal of our collaboration is to coordinate
agency efforts, thereby increasing conservation on the ground to better  protect water resources from
nonpoint sources of pollution, including nitrogen and phosphorus.

Tribal General Assistance Program Grants

In FY 2016, the EPA requests $96.4 million in General Assistance Program  (GAP) grants to  provide tribes
with a stronger foundation to build their capacity to address environmental issues on Indian lands. It will
further the EPA's partnership and collaboration with tribes to address a wider set of program responsibilities
and challenges, Funding will improve long-standing issues related to recruitment and retention of qualified
environmental tribal professionals. Resources will support activities to help tribes transition  from capacity
development to program implementation, and support activities to implement new grant conditions such as
the development of EPA-Tribal Environmental Plans (ETEPs). . The grants will assist Tribal governments
in building environmental  capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize available federal and other
information,  and build and  administer environmental programs tailored to their needs. This additional
funding will increase the average level of grants made to eligible tribes and focus on mutually agreed-upon
concerns in Indian country.
                                               89

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                                       Categorical Grants


Pesticide Enforcement and Toxics Substances Compliance Grants

The FY 2016 request includes $22.9 million to build environmental enforcement partnerships with states
and tribes and to strengthen  their ability to address environmental and  public health  threats.  The
enforcement state grants request consists of $18.0 million for Pesticides Enforcement and $4.9 million for
Toxic Substances Compliance Grants. The Toxic Substance Compliance Grants protect the public and the
environment from PCBs,  asbestos, and lead-based paint. State and Tribal  enforcement grants will be
awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide,  Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants
support state and Tribal compliance  activities to protect  the  environment from harmful chemicals and
pesticides.

Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, the EPA provides resources to states and Indian tribes
to conduct FIFRA compliance  inspections and  take appropriate enforcement actions and implement
programs  for farm worker protection. The program  also sponsors training for state and Tribal inspectors
through the Pesticide Inspector Residential Program (PIRT) and for state and Tribal managers through the
Pesticide Regulatory Education Program (PREP).  Underthe Toxic Substances Compliance Grant program,
"non-waiver" states inspect on behalf of the  EPA  and receive funding for compliance inspections  of
asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and "waiver" states inspect undertheirown regulations and
receive funding for compliance inspections and enforcement of the asbestos program. States also receive
funding for implementation of the state lead-based  paint certification and training, abatement notification
and work practice standards compliance and enforcement  program. The funds will  complement other
federal program grants for building state capacity  for lead abatement, and enhancing compliance with
disclosure, certification, and training requirements.

Pesticides Program Implementation Grants

The  FY 2016 request includes $13.2  million for Pesticides  Program  Implementation grants.  These
resources will assist  states, tribes,  and partners with  outreach,  training,  technical  assistance  and
implementation of various pesticide programs and issues; this includes: pesticide worker safety, protection
of endangered species and water sources, bed bug issues, pollinator protection, spray drift reduction and
promotion of environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. The EPA's mission, as related  to
pesticides, is to protect human health  and the environment from pesticide risk and to realize the value of
pesticide  availability by considering the economic, social, and  environmental costs and benefits of using
pesticides. The Pesticides Program Implementation  grants help state programs stay current with changing
requirements.

Lead Grants

The FY 2016 request includes $14.0 million for lead grants. This funding will provide assistance to states,
territories, the District of Columbia, and tribes to develop and  implement authorized programs for the lead-
based paint abatement program to  operate in  lieu of the federal program. Additionally, the program will
provide support to those entities to develop and  implement  authorized Renovation, Repair and Painting
(RRP) Programs. The EPA implements these programs  in all areas of the country that are not authorized
to do so.  Activities conducted as part of this  program  include: accrediting training programs, certifying
individuals and firms, and providing education and  compliance assistance to those subject to the abatement
and RRP regulations as well as the general public.

Pollution Prevention Grants

The FY 2016 request includes $4.8 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program provides grant
funds to deliver technical assistance to specific sectors and to address  priority environmental problems
aimed at reducing hazardous materials and hazardous pollution. The goal is  to assist businesses and
industries with identifying improved environmental  strategies and solutions for reducing waste at the source.
The program demonstrates that source reduction can be a  cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding
Federal and state  regulatory requirements.
                                              90

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                                       Categorical Grants
Environmental Information Grants
In FY 2016, the EPA requests $25.3 million for the Environmental Information Exchange Network (EN)
grant program. The EN grants provide funding to states, territories, federally recognized Indian tribes and
tribal consortia to support their participation in the EN. These grants help EN partners acquire and develop
the hardware and software needed to connect to the Network; use the EN to collect, report and access the
data they need with greater efficiency; and integrate environmental data across programs. In collaboration
with the EPA, the Environmental Council of the States accepts the  EN as the standard approach for EPA
and state data sharing. Tribes and territories have adopted it as well. The grant program  provides  the
funding to make this approach  a reality. Specifically, grants will be used to develop publishing services,
develop desktop and mobile applications that can send and receive data via the  network, expand  the
network to  new priority data systems, transition network services  to an EPA-hosted cloud-based node,
increase data sharing  among partners, bring  electronic reporting into compliance with the Cross-Media
Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) using EPA hosted shared services as well as other priorities.

As part of the agency's E-Enterprise initiative, in FY2016, the EPA request includes $15.7 million in funding
for our state, local and Tribal  partners to achieve benefits that reach beyond the standardization and
exchange of data. The grants will fund new efforts to streamline and harmonize environmental regulations
and the services for implementing them, with a goal of enabling the  public and the regulated community to
seamlessly interact with the environmental protection enterprise in the United States. Specific efforts in FY
2016 will include participation in integrated  project teams for regulatory analysis,  business process
reengineering, enterprise architecture analysis,  performance  measures,  and communication efforts.
Projects will include pilots for a single sign-on  across federal and state programs with shared electronic
credentials,  scoping the  transition to reusable  shared solutions  offered by the  EPA, and the joint
development of new shared services and components. The return  on investment will be measured in  the
number of legacy systems that  are converted to shared approaches, hours of reduced cumulative burden
in paperwork and regulatory reporting, and costs avoided by preventing the redundant development and
maintenance of technology services and infrastructure. This work will build on  the successful state/EPA
collaboration with the Environmental Information Exchange Network, a partnership which is  enabling  the
exchange  and sharing of critical  environmental  data, leading to  enhanced analysis of environmental
conditions and improved decision making.

State and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program

The FY 2016 request includes $1.5 million for Underground Storage Tank  (UST) grants. In FY 2015,  the
EPA awarded grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, that supported core
program activities as well as the leak prevention activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy
Actof2005(EPAct).

In FY 2016, the EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all UST systems into compliance
with  release detection  and release prevention requirements and continue to implement the provisions of
the EPAct. States will continue to use the UST categorical grant funding to implement their leak prevention
and detection programs. Specifically, with these UST categorical grants, states will fund such activities as:
seeking state program approval to operate the UST program in lieu of the Federal program, approving
specific technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank owners and operators are complying
with  notification and other requirements,  ensuring equipment compatibility, conducting inspections, and
implementing operator training.

Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants

In FY 2016, the EPA requests $99.7 million for Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants. Hazardous
Waste  Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery  Act (RCRA)  hazardous  waste  program, which includes  permitting,  authorization,  waste
minimization, enforcement, and corrective action activities. In FY 2016, the EPA will work with states to
meet the annual target of 115 hazardous waste facilities with new or updated controls.
                                              91

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                                        Categorical Grants
By the  end of FY  2016,  the  EPA and the authorized states  also will control  human exposures to
contamination at 92 percent of the 2020 Universe of 3,779 facilities that may need cleanup underthe RCRA
Corrective Action Program. The EPA also will control migration of contaminated groundwaterat 82 percent
of these facilities,  complete the construction of final remedies at 64 percent of these facilities, and attain
corrective action performance standards at 25 percent of these facilities.

Brownfields Grants

In FY 2016, the EPA requests $49.5 million for the Brownfields grant program that provides assistance to
states and  tribes  to develop and enhance their state and  Tribal Brownfields response  programs. This
funding will help states and tribes develop legislation, regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish
or enhance the administrative and legal structure of their response programs.
                                               92

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                         SRF Obligations by State
  Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources
        State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations
               Fiscal Years 2014 to 2016 - Dollars in Thousands
   The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA's two
   largest State and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund
   and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.
                                93

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        SRF Obligations by State

       Infrastructure Assistance:
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
          (Dollars in Thousands)


STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Jersey - Sandy Supplemental
New Mexico
New York
New York - Sandy Supplemental
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Tribal Resources
Undistributed National Resources
Undistributed National Resources - Sandy Supplemental
TOTAL:
Notes:
1 . Includes $373 thousand for American Iron and Steel Management and Oversight,
FY 2014
ACT.
OBLIG.
$15,836
$8,476
$7,693
$16,954
$9,265
$103,088
$11,216
$17,350
$6,953
$7,141
$48,341
$23,946
$5,566
$11,319
$6,953
$64,052
$34,131
$19,159
$12,784
$18,025
$15,569
$10,963
$34,253
$48,084
$60,896
$26,031
$12,760
$39,261
$7,066
$7,263
$6,953
$14,153
$57,911
$191,100
$8,828
$156,359
$283,100
$25,560
$6,971
$3,522
$79,729
$12,465
$15,999
$56,100
$18,871
$9,510
$14,509
$6,953
$20,574
$165,092
$7,462
$6,953
$4,240
$50,840
$24,629
$221
$38,288
$6,953
$16,693
$6051
$1593
$2,021,696

FY2015
EST.
OBLIG.
$15,859
$8,488
$7,693
$9,579
$9,278
$101,436
$11,345
$17,375
$6,963
$6,963
$47,875
$23,980
$5,566
$10,985
$6,963
$64,145
$34,181
$19,195
$12,802
$18,051
$15,591
$10,979
$34,303
$48,154
$60,984
$26,068
$12,778
$39,318
$6,963
$7,254
$6,963
$14,174
$57,958
$0.0
$6,963
$156,547
$0.0
$25,597
$6,963
$3,575
$79,844
$11,459
$16,022
$56,181
$18,498
$9,523
$14,530
$6,963
$20,603
$64,825
$7,473
$6,963
$4,465
$29,026
$24,665
$22,109
$38,343
$6,963
$28,978
$1,6002
$0.0
$1,448,887

FY 2016
EST.
OBLIG.
$12,112
$6,483
$5,884
$7,316
$7,086
$77,469
$8,664
$13,270
$5,318
$5,318
$36,563
$18,314
$4,257
$8,389
$5,318
$48,989
$26,105
$14,660
$9,777
$13,786
$11,907
$8,385
$26,198
$36,776
$46,575
$19,909
$9,759
$30,028
$5,318
$5,540
$5,318
$10,825
$44,263
$0.0
$5,318
$119,551
$0.0
$19,549
$5,318
$2,734
$60,978
$8,751
$12,236
$42,906
$14,128
$7,273
$11,097
$5,318
$15,735
$49,508
$5,707
$5,318
$3,415
$22,168
$18,837
$16,885
$29,283
$5,318
$30,000
$2,7902
$0.0
$1,116,000

$223 thousand for the annual Missouri independent
audits for the CWSRF, and $9 thousand for a SEE employee supporting SRF activities in Region 7.
2. American Iron and Steel Management and Oversight.
3. Payroll attributed to the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P. L. 11 3-2).






                  94

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         SRF Obligations by State

        Infrastructure Assistance:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
           (Dollars in Thousands)

STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Jersey - Sandy Supplemental
New Mexico
New York
New York - Sandy Supplemental
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Tribal Resources
Undistributed National Resources
Undistributed National Resources - Sandy Supplemental
TOTAL:
Notes:
1 . UCMR set aside,
2. Includes $2 million in UCMR set aside, and $2.267 million in Buy American Set Aside (P.L
3. Includes $2 million in UCMR set aside, and $2.965 million in Buy American Set Aside (P.L
4. Payroll attributed to the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 11 3-2).
FY2014
ACT.
OBLIG.
$16,892
$8,845
$1,542
$17,687
$13,526
$83,644
$15,394
$8,962
$8,845
$8,845
$32,350
$19,284
$3,958
$450
$8,845
$36,911
$14,348
$13,229
$10,080
$13,770
$12,127
$8,845
$15,012
$16,441
$27,530
$15,827
$9,159
$17,855
$8,845
$8,958
$12,614
$8,845
$16,817
$38,200
$8,845
$42,428
$56,600
$20,695
$8,845
$3,389
$24,586
$14,489
$12,563
$28,280
$8,845
$8,845
$8,845
$8,845
$8,845
$65,453
$9,229
$8,845
$4,378
$14,654
$19,741
$8,913
$15,425
$8,845
$10,866
$1,6351
$454
$987,456


113-76).
113-76).

FY2015
EST.
OBLIG.
$16,892
$8,845
$1 ,542
$15,969
$13,534
$83,221
$15,394
$8,962
$8,845
$8,845
$32,350
$19,284
$3,958
$8,845
$8,845
$36,911
$14,348
$13,229
$10,080
$13,770
$12,127
$8,845
$15,012
$16,441
$27,530
$15,827
$9,159
$17,855
$8,845
$8,845
$12,614
$8,845
$16,828
$0.0
$8,845
$42,455
$0.0
$20,695
$8,845
$3,389
$24,586
$14,251
$12,563
$28,280
$8,845
$8,845
$8,845
$8,845
$8,845
$63,953
$9,229
$8,845
$4,378
$14,654
$19,741
$8,845
$15,425
$8,845
$18,138
$4,2672
$0.0
$906,896





FY2016
EST.
OBLIG.
$22,103
$11,573
$1 ,769
$20,895
$17,708
$108,891
$20,143
$11,727
$11,573
$11,573
$42,329
$25,233
$4,422
$11,573
$11,573
$48,296
$18,773
$17,309
$13,190
$18,017
$15,867
$11,574
$19,642
$21,512
$36,022
$20,709
$11,984
$23,363
$11,573
$11,573
$16,505
$11,573
$22,019
$0.0
$11,573
$55,550
$0.0
$27,078
$11,573
$5,167
$32,170
$18,647
$16,438
$37,004
$11,573
$11,573
$11,573
$11,573
$11,573
$83,680
$12,076
$11,573
$6,002
$19,174
$25,830
$11,573
$20,183
$11,573
$23,720
$4,9653
$0.0
$1,186,000





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96

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                                    Infrastructure Financing
                 Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing
                                   (Dollars in Thousands)
 Type / Grant
   FY2014
   Enacted
FY2015
Enacted
 FY2016
PresBud
     Delta
FY16PB-
  FY15EN
   Clean Water State Revolving Fund        $1,448,887     $1,448,887   $1,116,000     ($332,887)

   Drinking Water State Revolving Fund	$906,896	$906,896   $1,186,000	$279,104
 State Revolving Funds
$2,355,783     $2,355,783   $2,302,000
                           ($53,783)
Mexico Border
Alaska Native Villages
$5,000
$10,000
$5,000
$10,000
$5,000
$10,000
$0
$0
 Special Needs Projects
   $15,000
$15,000
 $15,000
        $0
 Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant
 Program
   $20,000
$30,000       $10,000      ($20,000)
 Brownfields Projects
   $90,000
$80,000      $110,000
               $30,000
 Targeted Airshed Grants
        $0
$10,000
      $0      ($10,000)
 Infrastructure Assistance Total
$2,480,783     $2,490,783   $2,437,000      ($53,783)
Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds

The FY 2016 President's Budget includes a total of $2.44 billion for the EPA's Infrastructure programs,
including  the State Revolving Funds (SRFs), Mexico Border and Alaska Native Villages programs, and
Brownfields Projects, in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account. This budget funds the SRFs
at $2.3 billion total.

With funds provided to the SRFs and funding through EPA's operating programs in FY 2016, the EPA will
augment  its effort to build the capacity of local utilities, private investors, and existing state programs to
expand their contribution to the array of funding options to meet future infrastructure needs. Infrastructure
and targeted  project funding under the STAG  appropriation provides financial assistance to  states,
municipalities, interstates, and tribal governments to fund a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air, and
brownfields environmental projects. These funds  help fulfill the federal government's commitment to help
our state, tribal and local partners comply with federal environmental requirements and ensure public health
and revitalize contaminated properties.

Providing STAG funds to capitalize SRF programs, the EPA works in  partnership with the states to provide
low-cost loans to municipalities for infrastructure  construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects
are funded based on state developed priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian
tribes  and U.S. territories for infrastructure projects.
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                                     Infrastructure Financing
The resources included in this budget will enable the agency, in conjunction with the EPA's state, local, and
tribal partners, to achieve important goals. For example, 92 percent of the population served by community
water systems will receive drinking water meeting all health-based standards.

Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds

The Clean Water and  Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a true  partnership
between states, localities, and the federal government. These programs provide federal financial assistance
to protect the nation's water resources by providing funds for the construction of drinking water and
wastewater infrastructure and treatment facilities. The state revolving funds are two important elements of
the nation's substantial investment in  sewage treatment and drinking water systems, which  provide
Americans with significant benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe drinking water.

This federal investment also will support the continued work of the SRFs  in ensuring that small and
underserved communities have tools available to help address their pressing water infrastructure and other
water quality needs. Many small systems face significant investment needs critical for the public health and
environmental safety  of the towns and cities they serve. The EPA will focus on issues such as:  financial
planning for future infrastructure  investments (applications, exploring  financing options, planning and
design);  expanding  current  work with States to identify  additional financing opportunities for  small
communities; and enhancing partnership and collaboration with USDA  on training, technical assistance,
and funding opportunities for small communities.

The EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water projects through the
Clean  Water  State  Revolving  Fund  (CWSRF).  CWSRF  projects include nonpoint source, estuary,
stormwater, and sewer overflow  projects.  The dramatic progress made  in  improving the  quality  of
wastewater treatment since the 1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 78.2 million people were served
by secondary or advanced  wastewater treatment facilities. As  of 2008 (from the most recent Clean
Watersheds Needs Survey), over 99 percent of Publicly Owned Treatment Works, serving 222.6 million
people, use secondary treatment  or  better. Water infrastructure projects supported  by the  program
contribute to direct ecosystem improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in  all
types of surface waters. While great progress has been  made, many rivers, lakes and ocean/coastal  areas
still suffer a significant influx of pollutants after heavy rains resulting in beach closures, infected fish, and
degradation of the ability of watersheds to sustain a healthy ecosystem.

The FY2016 request includes $1.116 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Total CWSRF funding available for
loans from 1988 through June 2014 exceeds $108 billion. This total reflects loan repayments, state match
dollars, as well as other funding sources. The EPA estimates that for every federal dollar contributed, more
than two dollars are provided to municipalities.

The FY 2016 request includes $1.186 billion in funding for the DWSRF. Since its inception in 1997, the
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program has made $30.1  billion available to finance 11,448
infrastructure improvement projects nationwide, with  an average of $1.76  made available to localities for
every $1 of federal funds invested. As of June 30, 2014, $16.6 billion in capitalization  grants have been
awarded, amounting to loans/assistance of $27.9 billion. The DWSRF helps address the costs  of ensuring
safe drinking water supplies and assists small communities in meeting their responsibilities.

The EPA will work to  target assistance to small and underserved communities with limited ability to  repay
loans. Through the new Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center, the EPA will work to promote
public private collaboration,  provide peer-to-peer learning and training workshops, develop public private
partnership models and tools, and maintain an ongoing dialogue with the  financial community to encourage
investment in the water market as well as innovative  financing and utilization of the green project reserve
to increase climate resilient infrastructure projects.

Tribal communities are in great need of assistance given their sanitation and drinking water infrastructure
lags behind the rest of the country causing significant public health concerns. To help address this situation,
                                               98

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                                     Infrastructure Financing


EPA is requesting a tribal funding floor of two percent, or $30 million for the CWSRF or $20 million for the
DWSRF, whichever is greater, of the funds appropriated in FY16.

For FY 2016, the EPA requests that not less than 10 percent but not more than 20 percent of the CWSRF
funds and not less than 20 percent but not more than 30 percent of the DWSRF funds be made available
to each state to be  used to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients in the form of forgiveness of
principle, negative interest loans, or grants (or a combination of these).  The  CWSRF additional subsidy
would apply to the entire CWSRF appropriation. For FY 2016, the EPA will encourage states to utilize the
subsidy to assist small drinking water systems with standards compliance. The EPA also is requesting, to
the extent there are sufficient eligible project applications, that not less than 20 percent of a portion of a
CWSRF capitalization grant be made available for green infrastructure or  environmentally innovative
projects that can promote water system and community resilience. Funds  made available to each  State for
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants may, at the discretion of each State, be used for
projects that address green infrastructure, water or energy efficiency improvements, or environmentally
innovative activities.

As part of the Administration's Sustainable Water Infrastructure Policy, the EPA focuses on working with
federal partners, states, and communities to develop systems that employ effective utility management
practices to build and maintain the level of technical, financial, and managerial capacity necessary to ensure
long-term sustainability. The policy emphasizes the need to build on existing efforts to promote sustainable
water infrastructure  and to employ robust, comprehensive planning processes to deliver projects that are
cost effective over their life cycle, resource efficient, and consistent with  community sustainability goals.
Through this policy, the EPA is helping to ensure that federal investments, policies,  and actions support
water infrastructure  in  efficient and  sustainable  locations to best aid  existing communities, enhance
economic competitiveness, and  promote  affordable neighborhoods.  The policy encourages that Federal
dollars provided through the SRFs will act  as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and  ongoing
management of sustainable water infrastructure.

Alaska Native Villages

The  President's Budget requests $10 million for Alaska native villages for the construction  of wastewater
and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation problems. The EPA will continue to work with the
Department of Health and  Human Services' Indian  Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native
Tribal Health Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance.

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grants

The  Diesel Emissions  Reduction Act (DERA) authorizes funding to  provide immediate, cost-effective
emission reductions from  existing diesel engines  through engine retrofits, rebuilds, and replacements;
switching to cleaner fuels; idling reduction strategies;  and other clean diesel strategies.  Retrofitting or
replacing older diesel engines reduces particulate  matter (PM) emissions  up to 95 percent, smog-forming
emissions, such as hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), up to 90 percent, and greenhouse gases
up to 20 percent in the upgraded vehicles with engine replacements.

The  FY 2016 President's  Budget requests $10 million in DERA funding through grants and rebates to
continue to reduce diesel emissions in communities and areas of highly concentrated diesel pollution. EPA
will also coordinate diesel emissions reduction efforts with the  Department of Transportation  and the
Department of Energy.

Brownfields Projects

The President's Budget requests $110 million for Brownfields projects. With the FY 2016 request,  the EPA
plans to fund  at  least  151 assessment  cooperative agreements and approximately 64 direct cleanup
cooperative  agreements. The EPA  also will support the  assessment and cleanup of up to 142  sites
contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products  and award an estimated $3.5 million in environmental
workforce development and job training grants. In FY 2016, the funding provided is expected to result in
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                                     Infrastructure Financing


the assessment of 1,300 brownfields properties, all of which are located in distressed communities. Using
EPA grant dollars, the brownfields grantees will leverage 5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $1.1
billion in cleanup and redevelopment funding, and 4,000 acres of Brownfields will be ready for reuse.

During FY 2016, the Brownfields program will continue to support the agency's ongoing brownfields area-
wide planning efforts. The cooperative agreements and technical assistance provided for brownfields area-
wide planning will assist communities affected by energy sector transition to explore new land use and
economic development options by identifying viable reuses of brownfields properties, as well as planning
activities associated with improvements to infrastructure  and  the  environment, which may lead to site
cleanup and community revitalization.

The  EPA will continue  to provide technical assistance for brownfields redevelopment in  cities that are
struggling to recover from structural  changes in the U.S. manufacturing industry that resulted in significant
impacts to their economies and has added to the communities' needs to address blight and brownfields
properties.  In  FY 2016, the Brownfields  program will  continue  to foster  federal,  state,  local, and
public/private partnerships to  return  properties to productive economic use in communities.

The  EPA's Brownfields  and  Land  Revitalization Programs are key participants in the HUD-DOT-EPA
partnership promoting  livability and sustainable development. The EPA Brownfields  program also  is
partnering with the Department of Labor and NIEHS to support environmental workforce development and
fund job training and  placement  programs  in brownfield communities. The  Brownfields  and  Land
Revitalization programs are  working with USDA, HHS,  and ATSDR to identify ways  in which federal
programs can  increase food  access in all communities and ensure access to  quality health care. The
Brownfields and  Land Revitalization programs also are partnering with the National Park Service and its
River and Trails Program to support Groundwork USA and individual Groundwork teams in their efforts to
engage youth in community revitalization.

Mexico Border

The President's Budget requests a total of $5 million for water infrastructure projects along the U.S.-Mexico
Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and human health risks along the border. The
EPA's  U.S.-Mexico Border program provides funds to support the planning, design, and construction of
high priority water and wastewater treatment projects. The agency's goal  is to provide protection to people
in  the  U.S.-Mexico border area from  health  risks by connecting  homes to  potable water supply and
wastewater collection and treatment systems.
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                                             Trust Funds


                                         Trust Funds
                                        (Dollars in Millions)
Trust Funds Program
Superfund2
Inspector General (Transfers)
Research & Development
(Transfers)
Superfund Total
Base Realignment and
Closure3
LUST4
Trust Funds Total5:
FY 2014
Enacted
Budget1
$
$1,060
$10
$19
$1,089
$0
$95
$1,184
FTE
2,630
60
79
2,769
14
55
2,838
FY2015
Enacted
Budget1
$
$1,060
$10
$19
$1,089
$0
$92
$1,181
FTE
2,544
59
75
2,677
9
55
2,741
FY2016
President's
Budget1
$
$1,129
$8
$16
$1,154
$0
$95
$1,249
FTE
2,532
50
72
2,654
9
54
2,717
1 Totals may not add due to rounding.
2 FTE numbers include all direct and reimbursable Superfund employees, excluding Base Realignment and Closure which is
discussed below.
3 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement.
4 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2014 Enacted, FY 2015 Enacted, and FY 2016 President's Budget.
5 Trust Funds Total includes reimbursable FTE for Base Realignment and Closure as well as other Superfund reimbursable FTE.
Superfund

In FY2016, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,154 million in discretionary budget authority and
2,654 FTE for Superfund. This funding level will address environmental and public health risks resulting
from releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances associated with any emergency site, as well
as the over 13,539 active Superfund  National Priorities List (NPL) and non-NPL sites. It also provides
funding to pursue responsible parties for cleanup costs,  preserving federal dollars for sites where there are
no viable contributing parties. As of January 2015, there are 1,707 sites on the NPL. 1,166 sites (68 percent)
are construction completed or are deleted, 320 sites (19  percent) are undergoing cleanup construction, 221
sites (13 percent) are pending investigation or being investigated. The EPA will continue to give attention
to all phases of the investigation  and cleanup of NPL and non-NPL  sites, including post-construction
completion activities to ensure that Superfund response actions  provide for the long-term protection  of
human  health and  the environment. A significant statutorily required  post-construction activity is  a Five-
Year Review1, which generally is necessary when hazardous substances remain on-site above levels that
permit unrestricted  use and unlimited exposure.  In FY 2016, the EPA  plans to conduct approximately 245
Five-Year Reviews.
1 Five-Year Reviews are used to evaluate the implementation and performance of all components of the implemented remedy and
to determine whether the remedy remains protective of human health and the environment. The Five-Year Review includes not
only the physical remedy itself, but also institutional controls necessary to manage the use of the site. The EPA develops an annual
Report to Congress describing the protectiveness of remedies as found through Five-Year Reviews including those conducted by
federal agencies and reviewed by the EPA through the Superfund Federal Facilities Response program.
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                                          Trust Funds
Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $764 million and 1,2622 FTE are for Superfund cleanups
which  include  the Superfund  Remedial,  Emergency  Response and  Removal,  EPA  Emergency
Preparedness, and Federal Facilities programs. The Superfund program protects the American public and
its resources by cleaning up sites which pose an imminent or long term risk of exposure and harm to human
health  and the environment. In FY 2016, the agency will continue to respond to emergency releases of
hazardous substances, stabilizing sites and mitigating immediate threats to keep our communities safe and
healthy. The Superfund Remedial program will continue to maintain focus on completing projects at various
stages in the response process and maximizing the use of site-specific special accounts. The EPA and its
partners will focus on completing construction activities at 13 site wide construction completions as well as
105  individual  project  completions by  the end  of  FY 2016, while achieving human exposure  and
groundwater migration under control at  9 and 13 sites,  respectively. The cumulative  effect of funding
constraints in recent years has slowed activity through  all aspects of remedial action, causing backlogs and
delays at several sites almost half of which pose environmental justice concerns.

Of the total funding requested, $173 million and 852 FTE are for Superfund enforcement-related activities.
One of the Superfund program's primary goals is to have responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups
at abandoned or uncontrolled  hazardous waste sites. The agency focuses on maximizing all aspects of
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP)  participation; including  reaching a settlement  with or  taking an
enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start for at least 99 percent of non-federal Superfund
sites that have viable, liable parties. The agency has reached a settlement or taken an enforcement action
on 100 percent of non-federal Superfund sites with viable, liable parties in FY 2014.

CERCLA authorizes the agency to retain and use  funds received pursuant to an  agreement with a
potentially responsible party (PRP) to carry out the purpose of that agreement. The EPA retains such funds
in special accounts and uses them to finance site-specific CERCLA response actions in  accordance with
the settlement agreement, including, but not limited to, investigations, construction and implementation of
the remedy,  post-construction activities, and oversight of PRPs conducting the cleanup.  Through the use
of special accounts, the EPA pursues  its "enforcement first" policy - ensuring responsible parties pay for
cleanup - so that appropriated resources from the Superfund Trust Fund are conserved for sites where no
viable or liable PRPs have been  identified. Because response actions may take many years,  and the use
of special account funding is limited by  the terms of the settlement agreements, the full use  of special
account funds may also take many years. Since the inception of special accounts through the end of FY
2014, the EPA has collected more than $4.5 billion from PRPs and earned approximately $428.3 million in
interest. In addition, the EPA has transferred $26.8 million to the Superfund Trust Fund. As of the end of
FY 2014, over $2.7 billion has been disbursed to finance  site response actions and approximately $300.4
million has been obligated but not yet disbursed. Of the special account funds made available through the
end of FY 2014, approximately 61 percent have been disbursed or obligated for response actions at sites.
Both special account resources and appropriated resources are critical to the Superfund program.

The EPA's Homeland Security work is an important component of the agency's prevention, protection, and
response activities. The FY 2016 President's Budget requests $31.5 million to:  maintain its capability to
respond effectively to  incidents  that may involve harmful chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR)
substances;  maintain the  Environmental Response Laboratory Network (ERLN); develop and maintain
agency expertise and operational readiness for all phases of consequential management following a CBR
incident, specifically environmental characterization, decontamination, laboratory analyses and clearance;
and conduct CBR training for agency responders to improve CBR preparedness.

The FY 2016 President's Budget also includes resources supporting agencywide resource management
and  control functions. This includes essential infrastructure, contract and grant administration, financial
accounting, and other fiscal operations.

In addition, the agency provides funds for Superfund program research and for auditing. The President's
Budget requests $16 million and 72 FTE to be transferred to  Research and Development. Research will
2 This includes 9 Superfund Federal Facility (non-BRAC) reimbursable FTE.
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                                          Trust Funds
enable the EPA's Superfund program to accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for
cleanup at complex contaminated Superfund  sites and support the development of decontamination
techniques for a wide-area CBR event. The Superfund research program is driven by program office needs
to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of characterizing and remediating
sites, identify effective  remediation technologies,  and reduce the scientific uncertainties for  improved
decision-making at Superfund sites. The President's Budget also requests $8 million and 50 FTE to be
transferred to the Inspector General for program auditing.

There are still sites where no viable PRP has been identified and there are many activities that the EPA
performs that are not otherwise reimbursed. For this reason, the FY 2016 Budget supports reinstatement
of the Superfund tax. The Superfund tax on petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental
income expired in 1995. Since the expiration of Superfund tax, Superfund program funding (the "Superfund
appropriation") has been largely financed from  General Revenue transfers to the Superfund Trust Fund,
thus burdening the general  public with the costs of cleaning up  hazardous  waste sites.  Reinstating the
Superfund taxes would  provide a stable, dedicated source of revenue for the Superfund Trust Fund and
restore the historic nexus that parties who benefit from the manufacture and sale of substances found in
hazardous waste sites contribute to the cost of  cleanup. The reinstated Superfund taxes are estimated to
generate a revenue level of approximately  $1.8 billion in 2016 to more than $2.6 billion annually by 2025.
Total tax revenue over the period 2016 to 2025 is predicted to be $23.9 billion. The revenues will be placed
in the  Superfund Trust Fund  and  would  be available for  appropriation from Congress  to support the
assessment  and cleanup of the Nation's highest risk sites within the Superfund program.

Base Realignment and Closure Act

The FY 2016 President's Budget requests 9 reimbursable FTE  to conduct the Base  Realignment and
Closure (BRAG) program (BRAG I-IV). The EPA's participation  in the  first four rounds of BRAG  has  been
funded by an interagency agreement which is  scheduled to expire on September 30, 2016. Since  1993, the
EPA has worked with  the Department of Defense (DOD)  and state environmental programs to make
property environmentally acceptable  for transfer, while protecting human health and the  environment at
realigning or closing military installations. Between 1988  and 2005, over 500 major military installations
representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and  Defense Logistics Agency have been slated  for realignment
or closure. Under the first four rounds of BRAG (BRAG I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring
accelerated  cleanup. The EPA provided critical environmental support to DOD and participated in the
acceleration  process of the first four rounds of  BRAG. The  accelerated cleanup process strives to make
parcels available for reuse as quickly as possible, by transfer of  uncontaminated or remediated parcels,
lease of contaminated  parcels where cleanup  is underway, or "early transfer" of contaminated property
undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal  facilities  currently listed on the NPL were identified under the
fifth round of BRAG (BRAG V) as closing, realigning, or gaining personnel.


The FY 2016 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at BRAG V facilities.
Rather, the EPA services and resources to  support the BRAG V installations may be requested from DOD,
on an as-needed basis.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

The FY 2016 President's Budget requests $95  million and 54 FTE for the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank (LUST) Trust Fund program. The agency, working with states and tribes, addresses public health and
environmental threats from releases through prevention and cleanup activities. As  required by law (42
U.S.C. 6991  c(f)), not less than 80 percent of LUST appropriated  funds will be used for  reasonable costs
incurred under a cooperative  agreements with any state to carry out specific purposes. The EPA will
continue  to  work with the  states to  achieve more cleanups, and reduce the 74,000  cleanups not yet
completed. Between 1986 and 2014, the LUST program addressed approximately 86 percent (447,000) of
all reported releases. In FY 2016, working with state partners, the LUST program will strive to achieve 8,600
                                              103

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                                          Trust Funds
cleanups. The FY 2016 target reflects a variety of challenges including the complexity of remaining sites,
an increased state workload, a decrease in available state resources, and the increasing cost of cleanups.

The LUST Trust Fund financing tax expired on March 30, 2012 and was extended by Public Law 112-141
through September 30, 2016. While tank owners and operators are liable for the cost of cleanups at sites
for which they have  responsibility, EPA and State regulatory  agencies are not always able to identify
responsible parties and sometimes responsible parties are no  longer financially  viable  or have  a  limited
ability to pay. In those cases, the cost of the cleanup is distributed among fuel users through the targeted
fuel tax, which is available for appropriation from Congress to support the prevention and cleanup of sites
within the LUST program. For FY 2014, the Trust Fund received more than $172 million in tax receipts.
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                              Highlight of Major Budget Changes



                          Highlight of Major Budget Changes


Climate Change and Air Quality

Climate Protection Program
(FY 2016 PB: $117.7 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $103.5 M,  FY 2016 Change: +$14.3 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$7.0 million increase to support the President's Climate Action Plan, including implementation of
       the Clean Power Plan, implementation of the President's Interagency Methane Strategy, and
       reducing emissions of hydro fluorocarbons (MFCs), under the Significant New Alternatives Policy
       (SNAP).
    •   +$3.9 million in additional resources to maintain consumer confidence in the ENERGY STAR
       label through effective third-party certification of qualifying products, and the implementation of
       EPA's verification process for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
(FY 2016 PB: $10.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $30.0 M, FY 2016 Change: -$20.0 M)

    •   -$20.0 million decrease. Targets spending on grants and rebates toward communities most
       impacted by harmful diesel emissions.

Federal Stationary Source Regulations
(FY 2016 PB: $37.5 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $25.0 M, FY 2016 Change: +$12.5 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$11.4 million increase for the Clean Power Plan. Given the complexity of the existing  power
       plant rulemaking, resources  are needed for the agency to develop federal plans, review state
       plans, and address additional rulemaking activities.

Federal Support for Air Quality Management
(FY2016 PB: $165.8 M, FY2015 Enacted: $127.5 M,  FY2016 Change: +$38.3 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$15.2 million increase in technical support for the Clean Power Plan. Given state flexibility to
       customize their plans, the agency needs additional capacity,  including contract resources and
       personnel, to offer direct and timely technical assistance to states as they develop their plans.
    •   +$10.0 million increase to develop resources to equip states with flexible tools, up-to-date power
       system data, and a reporting system for Clean  Power Plan work and planning. The increase will
       allow states to track their compliance data, and improve the agency's ability to communicate up-
       to-date information about the power sector to states as they develop their plans.
    •   +$3.6 million increase supports regional personnel to address regulatory implementation across
       the air program, including the backlog of SIPs awaiting processing, permitting needs (both
       NAAQS and GHG-related), and air quality monitoring and analysis needs.

Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification
(FY 2016 PB: $100.4 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $93.3 M, FY 2016 Change: +$7.1 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$2.5 million increase for technical and engineering expertise to help finalize the Heavy-Duty
       GHG Phase 2 Rulemaking (Model Years 2018  and beyond).
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                               Highlight of Major Budget Changes


    •   +$2.2 million increase to address the growing program implementation workload, including the
       growing number of certificates to process annually, compliance oversight, management of credit
       trading programs, and data system management.

Targeted Airshed Grants
(FY 2016 PB: $0.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $10.0 M, FY 2016 Change: -$10.0 M)

    •   -$10.0 million decrease  is an elimination of funding for this program project in FY2016.


America's Waters

Drinking Water Programs
(FY 2016 PB: $128.8 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $100.0 M, FY 2016 Change: +$28.8 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$24.1 million increase, as  part of an overall $50 million package, to build upon the EPA's
       infrastructure investments and promote economic growth through innovative financing,
       techniques such as system partnerships, capacity  building, full cost pricing, and public and
       private collaboration. These investments, which  build on the $2.3 billion provided through the
       State Revolving Funds,  are designed to enhance system capacity to reliably provide safe drinking
       water and ultimately increase the efficiency and  effectiveness of available drinking water
       infrastructure funding.
    •   +$1.5 million increase to fund the drinking water needs survey.

Great Lakes Restoration
(FY 2016 PB: $250.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $300.0 M, FY 2016 Change: -$50.0 M)

    •   -$50.0 million reduction to interagency agreements, grants, and contracts that will place a greater
       focus on three continuing GLRI (Great Lakes Restoration Initiative) areas of emphasis: clean-up
       of Areas of Concern; preventing and controlling  the spread of invasive species, and taking steps
       to address the causes of harmful algal blooms in priority watersheds.

Surface Water Protection
(FY 2016 PB: $238.8 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $199.8 M, FY 2016 Change: +$39.0 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$21.9 million increase for water infrastructure,  as part of an overall package of $50 million, to
       build the technical, managerial, and financial capabilities of wastewater systems. The EPA will
       assist communities in developing integrated plans  through a combination of direct technical
       assistance and competitive awards. This funding builds on the strong support of $2.3 billion
       provided through the State Revolving  Funds.
    •   +$7.5 million increase will support green infrastructure and MS4 activities to further the agency's
       sustainability goals, and expand Green Infrastructure technical assistance efforts to include more
       communities;
    •   +$4.5 million increase to support a new approach for measuring improvements in water quality. It
       will aid in the development of tools needed to automate the linking of state assessment data,
       make updates and necessary improvements to incorporate data into EPA data systems, and
       begin efforts to assist states in implementing the new approach.

Water Quality Research  and Support Grants
(FY 2016 PB: $0.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $16.8 M, FY 2016 Change: -$16.8 M)

    •   -$16.8 million reduction  eliminates funds for program.  The EPA is not requesting funds to support
       this grant program in FY2016.
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                              Highlight of Major Budget Changes


Water Infrastructure

Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Authority (WIFIA) Program
(FY 2016 PB: $5.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $0.0 M, FY 2016 Change: +$5.0 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$5.0 million  increase represents a realignment of base FY 2015 Enacted resources for WIFIA in
       Surface Water Protection and an increase in 2016 to the new program project WIFIA, which will
       lay the groundwork for a WIFIA program that would provide additional assistance nationwide for
       water and wastewater infrastructure.

Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
(FY 2016 PB: $1,116.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $1,448.9 M, FY 2016 Change: -$332.9 M)

    •   -$332.9 million reduction to the Clean Water State Revolving Fund, though continuing the
       Administration's strong support for the SRFs The  Budget includes $2.3 billion for EPA's Clean
       Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs) and $50 million in technical assistance,
       training, and other efforts to enhance the capacity of communities and states to plan and finance
       drinking water and wastewater infrastructure improvements.

Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
(FY 2016 PB: $1,186.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $906.9 M, FY 2016 Change: +$279.1 M)

    •   +$279.1 million increase to support the higher documented needs for drinking water
       infrastructure, greater needs for smaller communities, and its lower revolving levels nationally
       compared to the  Clean Water SRF.


State and Tribal Partnerships

Categorical Grant:  Beaches Protection
(FY 2016 PB: $0.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $9.5 M, FY 2016 Change: -$9.5 M)

    •   -$9.5 million decrease eliminates funding of the Beaches Program.

Categorical Grant:  Environmental Information
(FY 2016 PB: $25.3 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $9.6 M, FY 2016 Change: +$15.7 M)

    •   +$15.7  million increase for states and tribes to build tools, services and capabilities that will
       enable  more efficient exchange of data between the agency, states, tribes, and regulated entities
       following E-Enterprise principles.

Categorical Grant:  Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
(FY 2016 PB: $164.9 M,  FY 2015  Enacted: $159.3 M,  FY 2016 Change: +$5.7 M)

    •   +$5.7 million  increase for state nonpoint source programs, including implementation of nonpoint
       source  projects and  statewide nonpoint source protection activities.

Categorical Grant:  Pollution  Control (Sec. 106)
(FY 2016 PB: $249.2 M,  FY 2015  Enacted: $230.8 M,  FY 2016 Change: +$18.4 M)

    •   +$18.4  million increase for states and tribes to implement water pollution control programs and
       strengthen their nutrient management efforts consistent with the EPA's 2011 Framework for state
       nutrient reduction.
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                              Highlight of Major Budget Changes
Categorical Grant:  Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
(FY 2016 PB: $109.7 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $102.0 M, FY 2016 Change: +$7.7 M)

    •   +$7.7 million increase will help small and other water systems come into compliance with the new
       RTCR requirements and enable states to assist systems in developing asset management
       programs and improved rate structures, planning for drought and floods, and evaluating
       opportunities for greater water reuse to achieve greater efficiencies.

Categorical Grant:  Radon
(FY 2016 PB: $0.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $8.1 M, FY 2016 Change: -$8.1  M)

    •   -$8.1 million eliminates funding for the State Indoor Radon Grants  (SIRG) program.

Categorical Grant:  State and Local Air Quality Management
(FY 2016 PB: $268.2 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $228.2 M, FY 2016 Change: +$40 M)

    •   +$25.0 million increase supports states as they implement the requirements of the Clean Power
       Plan. Of this increase, $17.5 million will be provided to support states' Clean Power Plan
       modeling, technical analysis, and training efforts under CAA Section 103 authority and $7.5
       million will be allocated to states for Clean Power Plan activities under CAA Section 105 authority.
    •   +$15.0 million increase for continuing environmental state programs in carrying out core air
       quality implementation activities.

Categorical Grant:  Tribal General  Assistance Program
(FY 2016 PB: $96.4 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $65.5 M, FY 2016 Change: +$30.9 M)

    •   +$30.9 million increase to augment base funding for individual GAP grants, providing tribes with a
       stronger foundation for building their environmental program capacity.

Categorical Grant:  Wetlands Program Development
(FY2016 PB: $19.7 M, FY2015 Enacted: $14.7 M, FY2016 Change: +$5.0 M)

    •   +$5.0 million increase will fund competitively awarded projects to protect and restore coastal
       wetlands with a focus on mitigating storm surge and carbon sequestration.


Enforcement and Compliance

Civil Enforcement
(FY 2016 PB: $188.8 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $173.9 M, FY 2016 Change: +$14.9 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$7.6 million increase will support technical analyses of complex data to support enforcement
       cases; settlement agreements; compliance oversight activities; and support activities such as
       expert witness,  discovery and laboratory analyses which are core elements of civil enforcement
       legal proceedings.
    •   +$1.4 million increase will support the use of Next Generation Compliance tools in enforcement
       case settlements, including advanced monitoring, electronic reporting, and third party verification.

Compliance Monitoring
(FY 2016 PB: $123.6 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $102.8 M, FY 2016 Change: +$20.8 M)
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                               Highlight of Major Budget Changes


Significant changes include:
    •   +$7.1 million increase in funding for activities under the agency's E-Enterprise business strategy
       which streamlines the agency's business processes and systems to reduce reporting burden on
       states and regulated facilities, and improves the effectiveness and  efficiency of regulatory
       programs for the EPA, states and tribes. Projects will include advancing e-reporting for NPDES,
       developing an advanced monitoring strategy, and supporting transparency and modernization of
       Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) and the Air Facility System (AFS).
    •   +$5.1 million increase for the agency's efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of compliance
       inspections in the field. These resources will be used to develop software for the Clean Air Act
       Title V program and the Clean Water Act NPDES program to help  inspectors gather and analyze
       data to prepare for and record inspections.
    •   +$3.4 million increase to provides basic and essential support for inspection workforce including
       laboratory analysis, data systems, and mandatory inspector training.
    •   +$1.8 million increase to support the integration of advanced monitoring equipment by addressing
       the cross-media legal, policy, and programmatic issues.

Criminal Enforcement
(FY 2016 PB: $59.6 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $54.0 M, FY 2016 Change: +$5.6 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$2.4 million increase for targeted, analytically-driven enforcement activities necessary to
       effectively investigate complex criminal enforcement cases.

Homeland Security:  Critical Infrastructure Protection
(FY 2016 PB: $12.9 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $11.3 M, FY 2016 Change: +$1.6 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$1.2 million increase to support Climate Ready Water Utilities and cyber-security  activities within
       the water infrastructure sector.


Chemical Safety

Endocrine Disrupters
(FY 2016 PB: $4.3 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $7.6 M, FY 2016 Change: -$3.3  M)

    •   -$3.3 million decrease to the Endocrine Disrupter program is a result of the deployment of the
       computational toxicology high-throughput model that reduces the workload in developing new
       assays.

Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk
(FY 2016 PB: $63.3 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $58.9 M, FY 2016 Change: +$4.4 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.0 million increase supports Registration and Registration Review statutory activities; and
       efforts to redesign core business processes to become more efficient.

Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
(FY 2016 PB: $43.7 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $37.8 M, FY 2016 Change: +$5.9 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.2 million increase in funding for Registration and Registration Review statutory activities, and
       efforts to redesign core business processes to become more efficient.
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                               Highlight of Major Budget Changes


Communities


Brownfields Projects
(FY2016 PB: $110.0 M, FY2015 Enacted: $80.0 M, FY2016 Change: +$30.0 M)

    •   +$30.0 million increase for communities in environmental revitalization and economic
       redevelopment to be able to work together to plan, assess, cleanup, and reuse brownfields.
    •   Of the above increase, $5.0 million will be for AWP grants; $6.9 million will enhance the
       Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) program; and $18.1 million will be for assessment and cleanup
       grants.

Environmental Education
(FY 2016 PB: $11.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted:  $8.7 M, FY 2016  Change: +$2.3 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   + $2.2 million increase to implement provisions of the National Environmental Education Act
       (NEEA), including administration of Environmental Education (EE) grants,  advancing the
       frameworks and tools used for measuring impacts, identifying and addressing gaps and
       redundancies in existing EE materials, leveraging efforts government-wide, and develop the
       longer-term strategic direction of the program.

Environmental Justice
(FY 2016 PB: $14.6 M, FY 2015 Enacted:  $7.3 M, FY 2016  Change: +$7.3 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$5.0 million increase for financial assistance to eligible organizations working on projects to
       address local environmental and public health  issues in overburdened and vulnerable
       communities.
    •   +$2.0 million increase for assisting overburdened and vulnerable communities through the
       agency's Advanced Monitoring priority to better detect and understand environmental  risks.

Integrated Environmental Strategies
(FY 2016 PB: $21.9 M, FY 2015 Enacted:  $12.7 M, FY 2016 Change: +$9.2 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.0 million increase to improve integration of community-level efforts at the local level across
       programs.
    •   +$2.9 million increase expands Lean government business process improvements.
    •   +$2.1 million increase for non-EPA "Circuit Riders" to work with the Administration's existing
       Place-Based Climate Action Champions to provide on-the-ground community assistance.

LUST Prevention
(FY 2016 PB: $28.9 M, FY 2015 Enacted:  $25.4 M, FY 2016 Change: +$3.5 M)

    •   +$3.5 million increase to conduct 5,600 more inspections and further the EPA, states and tribes
       ability to maintain inspection frequency, ensure compliance,  and help prevent future confirmed
       releases.

Oil Spill: Prevention,  Preparedness and Response
(FY2016 PB: $18.5 M, FY2015 Enacted:  $14.4 M, FY2016 Change: +$4.1  M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.4 million increase for oil accident prevention and additional preparedness activities which
       includes support for inspections at FRP (high risk) facilities and training.
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                              Highlight of Major Budget Changes
RCRA: Waste Management
(FY 2016 PB: $70.8 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $63.6 M, FY 2016 Change: +$7.1 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.6 million increase for development of the E-Manifest IT system.
    •   +$2.8 million increase to provide direct financial assistance and support tribal waste management
       program activities.

RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling
(FY 2016 PB: $10.8 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $8.5 M, FY 2016 Change: +$2.3 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$2.0 million increase to support the agency-wide investment for climate mitigation through waste
       program activities.

State and Local  Prevention and Preparedness
(FY 2016 PB: $27.8 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $15.7 M, FY 2016 Change: +$12.1 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$11.5  million  increase to  support the implementation of Executive Order 13650 for Improving
       Chemical Facility Safety and Security, including compliance outreach to industry, emergency
       planning assistance to local communities, updates to guidance and regulations, and
       enhancements to  emergency response software.


Research

Research: Air, Climate and  Energy
(FY 2016 PB: $100.3 M, FY 2015  Enacted: $91.9 M, FY 2016 Change: +$8.4 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.8 million increase to support hydraulic fracturing (HF) within the ACE research program to
       address the potential  impacts of hydraulic fracturing on air quality as part of the interagency effort
       with DOE and  DOI.
    •   +$3.6 million increase to assess the impacts of climate change to provide data and tools
       necessary  for EPA, state and local governments to effectively respond to the potential human
       health and  environmental  impacts.

Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
(FY 2016 PB: $101.4 M, FY 2015  Enacted: $87.5 M, FY 2016 Change: +$13.9 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$10.9  million  increase to  expand the breadth of the CSS CompTox research program to include
       more assays that can cover the biology of interest (including thyroid), more emphasis on
       estimating  relevant exposures to individual and multiple chemicals, and better integration of
       human  and ecological risk evaluations.


Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
(FY 2016 PB: $111.0 M, FY 2015  Enacted: $107.4 M, FY 2016 Change: +$3.6 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.7 million increase, to  continue coordination with Federal partners to study potential impacts
       of hydraulic fracturing on water quality and ecosystems to support sustainable approaches to oil
       and natural gas development and production, consistent with the Federal Multiagency
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                               Highlight of Major Budget Changes


       Collaboration on Unconventional Oil and Gas Research. In addition, funding will help to finalize
       the Study of Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water
       Resources

Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
(FY 2016 PB: $152.3 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $165.0 M, FY 2016 Change: -$12.7 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.2 million increase in funding to support community-based research, including, data collection
       and analysis to understand disparities in disease susceptibility, including cumulative impacts of
       exposure.
    •   -$11.1 million decrease. The EPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) and the Greater
       Research Opportunities (GRO) fellowship programs will be consolidated as part of the
       government-wide STEM education programs.
    •   -$3.1 million decrease in ecosystem services research to incorporate sustainability approaches
       into the EPA's community-based decision support tools.


Superfund

Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal
(FY 2016 PB: $190.7 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $181.3 M, FY 2016 Change: +$9.4 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$8.3 million increase to support the EPA's ability to quickly respond to  multiple simultaneous
       emergencies.

Superfund: Federal Facilities
(FY 2016 PB: $26.3 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $21.1 M, FY 2016 Change: +$5.1  M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +4.6 million increases essential core program technical assistance and collaboration with other
       federal agencies at NPL and other regional CERCLA cleanup sites.

Superfund: Remedial
(FY2016 PB: $539.6 M, FY2015 Enacted: $501.0 M, FY2016 Change: +$38.6 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$34.0 million increase to critical resources to further the agency's ability to continue essential
       ongoing  fund-financed projects, maximize the preparation of "shovel ready" projects, and fund
       new construction  projects.


Facilities Infrastructure

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
(FY 2016 PB: $516.0 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $490.8 M, FY 2016 Change: +$25.2 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$7,991.0 million  is a net program change, which includes a reduction  in resources associated with
       the construction design and engineering for a consolidated Las Vegas laboratory, and an increase
       of $5 million to supports construction associated with the agency's space consolidation efforts at
       headquarters and $10 million to support space optimization projects to initiate work  and laboratory
       upgrades at the NEIC/Region  8 laboratories and the  Willamette  Research Station/Corvallis
       laboratories.
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                               Highlight of Major Budget Changes


    •   +$3,981.0 million reflects an investment in master planning necessary to achieve future savings
       through laboratory space optimization of $1 million and an increase in support of basic facility needs
       to meet specific needs required by research and development facilities and laboratories of $2,981
       million.


Other Programs

Acquisition Management
(FY 2016 PB: $62 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $52.9 M, FY 2016 Change: +$9.1 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$5.5 million increase to adapt EPA's accounting and acquisition systems to comply with the
       DATA Act's reporting requirements part of a government-wide effort.

Exchange Network
(FY 2016 PB: $26.7 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $18.3 M, FY 2016 Change: +$8.4 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$9.6 million increase for projects that will enable states, Tribes, and the EPA to modernize
       business processes following E-Enterprise principles. The projects will tie together information
       requirements to facilitate industries routine environmental business transactions with the EPA.
       Projects include implementation of an Identity and Access Management service, enhancements
       to the Facility Registry Service, development of the Laws and Regulations Service, and
       deployment of reusable electronic signature services.

Human Resources Management
(FY 2016 PB: $59.3 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $49.8 M, FY 2016 Change: +$9.5 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.4 million increase to support the EPA University, a central repository for all agency learning
       and development initiatives that will use technology to engage a wider audience of employees in
       learning and development opportunities.
    •   +$3.3 million increase in contractual services for the EPA's sign language program based on
       increased demand for sign language translation, an increase in fees that the IBC charges EPA for
       HRLoB and to finalize the migration strategy and initiate the clean-up and migration of human
       resource data from the legacy HR system to HRLoB.

IT/Data Management
(FY 2016 PB:$114.5 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $101.1 M, FY 2016 Change: +$13.4 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$4.9 million increase in data analytics, visualization, and predictive analysis advances that will
       help the agency explore and address environmental, business, and public policy challenges.

Legal Advice: Environmental Program
(FY 2016 PB: $52.9 M, FY 2015 Enacted: $42.5 M, FY 2016 Change: +$10.4 M)

Significant changes include:
    •   +$3.6 million increase to provide strong legal counsel support for the Clean Power Plan  and
       ensure a clearer and more implementable rule and more consistency for regulated entities.
    •   +$3.4 million increase to address the increased legal counseling demand throughout the agency,
       to be more responsive to  requests, to improve legal defensibility of agency actions, which saves
       the agency resources in the long run, because actions that are reversed by the courts have to be
       redone.
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                                 Acronyms
AA
ACE
ACE/ITDS
ACRES
ADR
AFS
AGO
ANCR
AOP
APEC
ARA
ARRA
ASTM
ATSDR
B&F
BayTAS
BFRs
BOSC
BRAC
CAA
CAFE
CAFO
CAIR
CAP
CASTNet
CBEP
CBP
CBR
CBRN
CCAP
CCS
CCPS
CCTI
CEIS
CENRS
CERCLA
CERFA
CMAQ
CMOS
COOP
CRRR
CSO
CWA
CWAP
CWS
CWSRF
DASEES
DBP
DERA
DFAS
        Environmental Protection Agency
               List of Acronyms

Assistant Administrator
Air, Climate, and Energy
Automated Commercial  Environment/International Trade Data System
Assessment Cleanup and Redevelopment Exchange System
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Air Facility System
America's Great Outdoors
Annual Non-Compliance Report
Adverse Outcome Pathway
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Assistant Regional Administrator
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
American Society for Testing and Materials
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Buildings and Facilities
Bay Tracking and Accounting System
Brominated Flame Retardants
Board of Scientific Counselors
Base Realignment and Closure
Clean Air Act
Cooperate Average Fuel Economy
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Clean Air Interstate Rule
Clean Air Partnership Fund
Clean Air Status and Trends Network
Community-Based Environmental Protection
Customs and Border Protection
Chemical, Biological, Radiological
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Climate Change Action Plan
Carbon Capture and Storage
Community Collaborative Problem Solving
Climate Change Technology Initiative
Center for Environmental Information and Statistics
Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability
Comprehensive Environmental  Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act
Community Multi-scale Air Quality
Content Management and  Discovery Services
Continuity of Operations
Chemical Risk Review and Reduction Program
Combined Sewer Overflows
Clean Water Act
Clean Water Action Plan
Community Water Systems
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
Decision Analysis for a Sustainable Environment, Economy and Society
Disinfection Byproducts
Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
Defense Finance and Accounting System
                                       114

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                                 Acronyms
DfE
DHS
DMR
DOD
DOE
DOI
DWSRF
E3
ECHO
EDSP
EELC
EIS
EISA
EJ
ELP
EMP
EN
EO
EPAct
EPCRA
EPM
EPP
ERRS
ESC
ESI
ETI
ETV
EU
EWDJT
FAN
FASAB
FCO
FFDCA
FIFRA
FLC
FMFIA
FQPA
FRP
FSMA
FSMP
FTE
FUDS
GAPG
GHG
GHGRP
GIS
GMI
GPRA
GSN
GWP
HHRA
HHS
HPPG
Design for the Environment
Department of Homeland Security
Discharge Monitoring Reports
Department of Defense
Department of Energy
Department of the Interior
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
Economy, Energy and Environment Partnership
Enforcement and Compliance History Online
Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program
E-Enterprise Leadership Council
Environmental Impact Statement
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
Environmental Justice
Environmental Leadership Project
Emergency Management Portal
Enacted (Budget)
Executive Order
Energy Policy Act of 2005
Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
Environmental Programs and Management
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program
Emergency Rapid Response Services
Executive Steering Committee
Essential Science Indicator
Environmental Technology Initiative
Environmental Technology Verification
European Union
Environmental Workforce Development and Job Training
Fixed Account Numbers
Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
Funds Certifying Officer
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and  Rodenticide Act
Federal Leadership Committee
Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
Food Quality Protection Act
Facility Response Plan
Food Safety Modernization Act
Financial System Modernization Project
Full-Time Equivalent
Formerly Used Defense Sites
General Assistance Program Grants
Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
Geographic Information System
Global Methane Initiative
Government Performance and Results Act
Green Suppliers Network
Global Warming Potential
Human Health Risk Assessment
Department of Health and Human Services
High Priority Performance Goals
                                       115

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                                 Acronyms
HPV
HS
HSWA
HWIR
IA
IAQ
ICR
ICS
IG
IPCC
IPM
IRIS
IRM
ISA
ISTEA
ITMRA

LEPC
LGEAN
LUST
M&O
MACT
MARL
MATS
MTM
NAAEC
NAAQs
NAFTA
NAPA
MAS
NASA
NATA
NCDC
NCEA
NCP
NEA
NESCA
NDPD
NEP
NEPA
NEPPS
NESHAP
NHTSA
NHDPIus
NIPP
NLIC
NOA
NOAA
NPDES
NPDWRs
NPL
NPM
NPR
High Production Volume
Homeland Security
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules
Interagency Agreements
Indoor Air Quality
Information Collection Rule
Industrial Control Systems
Inspector General
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Integrated Pest Management
Integrated Risk Information System
Information Resource Management
Integrated Science Assessments
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA
Clinger/Cohen Act
Local Emergency Planning Committee
Local Government Environmental Assistance Network
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Management and Oversight
Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Microarray Research Laboratory
Mercury and Toxics Standards
Mountaintop Mining
North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
North American Free Trade Agreement
National Academy of Public Administration
National Academy of Sciences
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment
National Clean Diesel Campaign
National Center for Environmental Assessment
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
Nuclear Energy Agency
National Enforcement Strategy for Correction Action
National Data Processing Division
National Estuary Program
National Environmental Policy Act
National Environmental Performance Partnership System
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
USGS National Hydrography Dataset Plus
National Infrastructure Protection  Plan
National Lead Information Center
New Obligation Authority
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
National Priority List
National Program Manager
National Performance Review
                                       116

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                                  Acronyms
NPS
NPSR
NRCS
NROC
NRF
NRT
NVFEL
OA
CAM
OAR
OARM
OCFO
OCHP
OCSPP
OECA
OECD
OEI
OEM
OERR
OFA
OFPP
OGC
OIG
OITA
OMTR
OPA
OPAA
ORD
OSRTI
OSWER
OTAG
OW
PB
PBTs
PCB
PC&B
PESP
PG
PHEV
PIP
PIRT
P2
PM
PNGV
POTWs
PPG
PPIN
PPRTV
PRC
PREP
PRIA
PRIRA
PWSS
Nonpoint Source
National Pesticide Standard Repository
National Resource Conservation Service
Northeast Regional Ocean Council
National Response Framework
National Response Team
National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
Office of the Administrator
Office of Acquisition Management
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office of the Chief Financial Officer
Office of Children's Health Protection
Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
Office of Environmental Information
Office of Emergency Management
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Other Federal Agencies
Office of Federal Procurement Policy
Office of the General Counsel
Office of the Inspector General
Office of International and Tribal Affairs
Open Market Trading Rule
Oil Pollution Act of 1990
Office of Planning, Analysis, and Accountability
Office of Research and Development
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Ozone Transport Advisory Group
Office of Water
President's Budget
Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Personnel, Compensation and Benefits
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program
Priority Goal
Plug-in Hybrid  Electric Vehicles
Plant-incorporated Protectants
Pesticide Inspector Residential Program
Pollution Prevention
Particulate Matter
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Performance Partnership Grants
Pollution Prevention Information Network
Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values
Program Results Code
Pesticide Regulatory Education Program
Pesticide Registration Improvement Act
Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act
Public Water System Supervision
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                                  Acronyms
RC
RCRA
RGI
RLF
RMP
ROE
RPIO
RR
RRP
RWTA
SAP
SAB
S&T
SALC
SARA
SBIR
SBEAPs
SBLRBRA
SBO
SBREFA
SDWA
SDWIS
SERC
SF
SHC
SIP
SIRG
SITE
SLC
SNAP
SNEE
SPCC
SRF
SRO
SSWR
STAG
STAR
STAR METRICS

STEM
STORS
SWP
SWTR
TASC
TIM
TIP
TMDL
TPP
TRI
TRIO
TSCA
TSD
UIC
Responsibility Center
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
Regional Geographic Initiative
Revolving Loan Fund
Risk Management Plan
Report on Environment
Responsible Planning Implementation Office
Reprogramming Request
Renovation, Repair and Painting
Rural Water Technical Assistance
Science Advisory Panel
Science Advisory Board
Science and Technology
Sub-allocation (level)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
Small  Business Innovation Research
Small  Business Environmental Assistance Program
Small  Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
Senior Budget Officer
Small  Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Information System
State Emergency Response Commission
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Sustainable and Healthy Communities
State Implementation Plan
State Indoor Radon Grants
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
Senior Leadership Council
Significant New Alternatives Policy
Southern New England Estuaries
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure
State Revolving Fund
Senior Resource Official
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Science to Achieve Results
Science and Technology in America's Reinvestment-Measuring Effects of
Research on Innovation, Competitiveness, and Science
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Sludge-To-Oil-Reactor System
Source Water Protection
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Technical Assistance Support for Communities
Technology Infrastructure Modernization
Tribal  Implementation Plan
Total Maximum Daily Load
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
Toxic Release Inventory
Taskforce on Research to Inform and Optimize
Toxic Substances Control Act
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Underground Injection Control
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                                  Acronyms


USDA              U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGCRP           U.S. Global Change Research Program
UST               Underground Storage Tanks
WCF               Working Capital Fund
WFC               Water Finance Center
WHO               World Health Organization
WIF               Water Infrastructure Funds
WIFIA              Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Authority
WIPP              Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
WSI               Water Security Initiative
WTO               World Trade Organization
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
                www.epa.gov

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